Mtibwa forest plantation management plan by BAKARI R. KACHEUKA ( +255 676510464 )

United Republic of Tanzania MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM TANZANIA FORESTRY SERVICES AGENCY

MTIBWA FOREST PLANTATION

MANAGEMENT PLAN (2013/14 - 2011/18)

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APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION This Management plan for Mtibwa Forest Plantation has been prepared and compiled by Plantation Manager and approved by the Director of Forestry and Beekeeping. Compiled by; Hamza H. Katety Manager – Mtibwa Forest Plantation

Approved by;

CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Approving date:…………………………………

Distribution of copies The plantation Manager shall produce at least 17 copies of the approved plan which shall be distributed as follows; -

Project Manager (2);

Chief Executive (10);

Forestry training institute Olmotony (1);

Forestry Industries Training Institute (1);

Sokoine University of Agriculture (1);

TAFORI (1);

TTSA (1);

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document describes Mtibwa forest management activities to be implemented in five years from 20132018. The last management plan which was approved covered the period from 2008 to 2013. The plantation has about 3115.6 ha of land of which 2068 ha are plantable and the remaining area is unsuitable for growing teak trees. The main species grown are Tectona grandis (95%) while Cedrella ordarata (3%), Milicia and Khaya spp (2%) as alternative species. The main objective of the management of the plantation is to produce fine hardwood timber on a sustained yield both for export and local consumption. The specific objectives are: to replant all open areas, to carry out tending operations according to silvicultural prescriptions, to undertake forest protection against human, animals, insects and pests, to carry out resource assessment and harvest due forest, to improve revenue collection and carry out administration effectively. The development of this plan is based on the existing policies and laws, ecological and socio economic studies conducted inside and outside the plantation, information from existing documents/ files and personal communications with key stakeholders and data from the 2013 inventory. The age class distribution of the forest is uneven meaning that the forest is not normal, therefore the management will endeavor to regulate the forest close to normal. This will be achieved by planting and harvesting an average of 50 ha per annum. In the plan period a total of 683ha shall be planted with teak, 20.4 ha with Cedrella and 200ha with indigenous spp. In preference replanting of all open areas will start before embarking on the extension sites. All the necessary silvicultural treatments will be undertaken in order to improve the growth and health of trees. Beating up will be done whenever it is appropriate in order to ensure full stocking. The quality of trees shall be ensured by following properly the scheduled thinning. During the plan period the existing infrastructure will be renovated and improved. All buildings and staff houses shall be maintained. At present only few permanent labour force are accommodated at the station and the majority of them have personal houses at Lusanga village and Dihinda village. Two more labour quarters will be built at plantation site in order to accommodate more staff close to the forest. There will be a comprehensive road maintenance programme to rehabilitate the road systems, external firebreaks and internal firelines. Also culverts will be maintained. Maintenance of existing road network and fire lines of about 10 km will be done annually. In the plan period new road/fireline of about 11 km shall be constructed in the extension area in Lusunguru block.

There is no permanent water supply to the forest station. Water for domestic use is drawn from permanent nursery at Log yard after the installation of electric water pump. Clean water for both domestic and nursery is now available at the nursery site. In this plan period, the plan is to connect pipes to staff houses and also pump to reservoir tank near plantation Managerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quarter. ii (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

Training shall be conducted to various manning levels depending on the needs. The current staff level is 25 expected to decrease in this plan period due to retirement. Recruitment of staff shall be done in order to replacement have adequate number of staff. Protection of the plantation and the tree crop shall be strengthened. Efforts will be made to stop illegal tree harvesting at night. Regular day and night patrols will be made and assistance from police force will be sought whenever necessary. Informers will continue to be used. Manning of forest product examination points shall be done through special unit depending on needs. Plantation boundaries and beacons shall constantly be surveyed and any encroachment shall be punished and pushed out. The plantation shall be protected against fires and other damages by implementing an integrated pest management program. A wooden fire lookout tower shall be constructed at the place where all blocks will be seen clearly. All external firebreaks and internal firelines shall be cleaned before the onset of fire season. The forest plantation management will raise awareness to the surrounding villages on fire control and prevention measures. The available information on plantation resources needs to be updated to make it accurate and adequate.. An inventory carried out in January, 2013 made it possible to know the growing stock of the plantation and was input to the preparation of this management plan. During the plan period, permanent sample plots shall be established During the plan period vehicles and plants will be maintained in order to facilitate the day-to-day administrative and management duties. In the five years management period, the aim is to harvest according to the allowable cut. The allowable cut will be made of clear-felling (99.6%) and thinning (0.34%) The total amount of revenues to be generated during the period of this plan is Tshs. 20,948,435,167 During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of Tshs 3,101,942,140 for implementing planned operations and will generate a total amount of Tshs 20,948,435,167 as revenues from clear felled compartments and other sources.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The management of Mtibwa Forest Plantation would like to take this opportunity to thank Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) to approve the budget for Compartmentation which enabled the inventory exercise to be carried out smoothly. I express my sincere thanks to both Compartmentation and Inventory teams for their dedication to carry out these tasks. I also appreciate the contribution provided by the Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation (FoNC) of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) in terms of data analysis and guidance for preparation of this plan. We would also like to appreciate the cooperation accorded by TAFORI and Olmotony FTI by spending their time, resource and manpower to ensure success of the management plan preparation. Last but not least I express gratitude to the staff of Mtibwa Forest Plantation specifically the Management Team for their cooperation and team work in preparation of this Five Years Management Plan (2013/14 2017/18).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION.................................................................................................................ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................... 11 LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF APPENDICIES............................................................................................................................. xiii PART A.....................................................................................................................................................2 1.0 DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................................3 1.1 LOCATION................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION.................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 History................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Legal status and ownership................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 LAND......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Area.................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Topography......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Geology and soils................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.4 Vegetation.......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.5 Biodiversity potential......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.6 Hydrology........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.7 Special features and sites................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 CLIMATE.................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Rainfall................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Temperatures..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Wind................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 GROWING STOCK...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Growth rates....................................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.2 Mean annual increment (MAI)........................................................................................................... 7 1.5.3 Allowable cut..................................................................................................................................... 7 v

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1.5.4 Health and vitality............................................................................................................................. 7 1.5.6 Management units............................................................................................................................ 9 1.6 UTILIZATION.............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.6.1 Markets............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.6.2 Harvesting......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.3 Other forest uses............................................................................................................................... 10 1.7 INFRASTRUCTURE..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.7.1 Road.................................................................................................................................................. 10 1.7.2 Buildings............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.7.3 Plants and equipment....................................................................................................................... 12 1.7.3.1 Vehicles...................................................................................................................... 12 1.7.3.2 Plants and equipment................................................................................................ 12 1.8 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES................................................................................................................... 13 1.9 WATER SUPPLY.......................................................................................................................................... 13 1.10 ADMINISTRATION................................................................................................................................... 13 1.10.1 Organization.................................................................................................................................... 13 1.10.2 Manning level.................................................................................................................................. 13 1.11 SOCIAL SERVICES.................................................................................................................................... 14 1.11.1 Education......................................................................................................................................... 14 1.11.2 Health.............................................................................................................................................. 15 1.11.3 Religion............................................................................................................................................ 15 1.11.4 Power supply................................................................................................................................... 15 1.11.5 Social facilities and entertainment.................................................................................................. 15 1.12. SOCIAL ECONOMIC ASPECTS................................................................................................................. 15 1.12.1. Land use......................................................................................................................................... 15 1.12.2. Economic activities......................................................................................................................... 15 1.12.3. Social economic impact.................................................................................................................. 16 1.13 RESEARCH............................................................................................................................................... 16 PART B.................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.0 DIRECTIVES....................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 OVERALL GOAL.................................................................................................................................. 17

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2.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1 Silviculture......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Capital investment............................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.3 Human Resources.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.4 Revenue Generation.......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.5 Utilization.......................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.6 Protection and Conservation............................................................................................................. 19 2.2.7 Resource assessment........................................................................................................................ 20 2.3 STRATERGIC TARGETS............................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 SILVICULTURE..................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.1 Species........................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.2 Planting targets.................................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.1.2 Nursery operations..................................................................................................... 21 2.3.1.3 Land preparation........................................................................................................ 21 2.3.1.4 Tending operations..................................................................................................... 21 2.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS............................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Roads................................................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Buildings............................................................................................................................................ 22 2.4.3. Communication facilities.................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.4. Vehicles, plants and equipment....................................................................................................... 22 PART C.................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.0 PRESCRITION............................................................................................................................................ 24 3.1 SILVICULTURE............................................................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1 NURSERY OPERATIONS.......................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1.1Species selection......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1.2 Soil mixture................................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1.3 Seedlings raising techniques...................................................................................... 24 3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique........................................................................................ 25 3.1.1.5 Nursery Calendar................................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 PLANTING................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.1 Land preparation............................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1.1 Manual land preparation........................................................................................... 27 3.2.1.2 Stake and stakes cutting............................................................................................. 27 3.2.2 Spacing.............................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3 Pit size................................................................................................................................................ 27 vii

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3.2.4 Timing............................................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.5 Planting Stock Size............................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.6 Survival assessment........................................................................................................................... 28 3.3 TENDING OPERATIONS............................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.1 Weeding............................................................................................................................................ 28 3.3.1.1 Timing......................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1.2 Frequency................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.1.3Types........................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1.4 Method..................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.2 Pruning.............................................................................................................................................. 29 3.3.2.1 Timing......................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2.2 Thinning frequency.................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2.3 Thinning method........................................................................................................ 30 3.3.2.4 Thinning types............................................................................................................ 30 3.3.2.5 Thinning assessment.................................................................................................. 30 3.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS............................................................................................................................. 31 3.4.1 Roads................................................................................................................................................. 31 3.4.1.1 Construction............................................................................................................... 31 3.4.1.1.1 Types of construction........................................................................................................................ 31 3.4.1.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 31 3.4.1.2.1 Frequency......................................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.1.2.2 Method of maintenance................................................................................................................... 31 3.4.2 Buildings............................................................................................................................................ 32 3.4.2.1 Construction............................................................................................................... 32 3.4.3.2 Construction Design................................................................................................... 32 3.4.3.2 Type........................................................................................................................32 3.4.2.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 32 3.4.3 Vehicles, plants, equipment and tools............................................................................................... 32 3.4.3.1 Procurement.............................................................................................................. 32 3.4.3.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 33 3.4.3.3 Replacement control.................................................................................................. 33 3.4.4 Communication facilities................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.4.1 Procurement.............................................................................................................. 33 3.4.4.2 Types.......................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.4.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 33 3.4.4.3 Frequency................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.4.4 Replacement.............................................................................................................. 33 3.4.5 Water supply..................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.5.1 Sources....................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.5.2 Supply system............................................................................................................. 34 3.4.5.3 Quality and quantity.................................................................................................. 34 3.5 HUMAN RESOURCES................................................................................................................................ 34 3.5.1 Human resource development.......................................................................................................... 34 3.5.1.1 Training Plan............................................................................................................... 34 viii (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

3.5.1.2 Recruitment................................................................................................................ 34 3.5.1.3 Manning levels........................................................................................................... 34 3.6 REVENUE GENERATION............................................................................................................................ 34 3.6.1 Source of revenue............................................................................................................................. 34 3.6.2 Control of revenue collection............................................................................................................ 35 3.7 UTILIZATION.............................................................................................................................................. 35 3.7.1 Harvesting plans................................................................................................................................ 35 3.7.1.1 Clear felling................................................................................................................. 35 3.7.1.2 Thinning...................................................................................................................... 35 3.7.2 Sales.................................................................................................................................................. 36 3.7.2.1 Pricing for sales.......................................................................................................... 36 3.7.2.2 Methods of sales........................................................................................................ 36 3.7.2.3 Markets...................................................................................................................... 36 3.8 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION........................................................................................................... 36 3.8.1 Prevention......................................................................................................................................... 36 3.8.1.1 Fireline........................................................................................................................ 36 3.8.1.2 Control Plan for diseases and pests........................................................................... 36 3.9 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................................................... 37 3.9.1 Timing................................................................................................................................................ 37 3.9.2 Methodology..................................................................................................................................... 37 3.10 ORGANIZATION....................................................................................................................................... 37 PART D.................................................................................................................................................... 37 4.0 ESTIMATES........................................................................................................................................ 37 FIRE PLAN....................................................................................................................................................... 52 PART E............................................................................................................................................................. 57 5.0 APPENDICIES..................................................................................................................................... 57

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Compartment to be thinned and clear felled in plan period..................................................................5 Table 2: Standing volume and stocking for Mtibwa plantation..........................................................................7 Table 3: List of houses at Mtibwa Forest station..............................................................................................10 Table 4: Manning level Mtibwa Forest Plantation............................................................................................12 Table 5: Allowable cut and forecasted revenues during the plan period (2013/2014-2017/2018)...................17 Table 6: Planting targets for Mtibwa Forest Plantation 2013/14-2017/18........................................................19 Table 7: List of existing vehicles and plants Mtibwa Forest Plantation...........................................................20 Table 8: Nursery Calendar for Mtibwa Forest plantation.................................................................................24 Table 9: Thinning schedule for Teak stands......................................................................................................27 Table 10: Thinning schedule for Teak stand as per Technical order No1 of 2003............................................28 Table 11: Summary of allowable cut................................................................................................................33 Table 12: Summary of estimates for different planned operations...................................................................36 Table 13: Maintenance and construction of buildings and other installations..................................................37 Table 14: Maintenance and construction of roads............................................................................................38 Table 15:Runnung, maintenance and procurement of vehicles and plants.......................................................40 Table 16: Office administration........................................................................................................................46

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Age class distribution for all species by area- Mtibwa plantation 2013..............................................6 Figure 2: Picture showing part of Morogoro- Handeni link passing between Lusunguru block........................9

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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Rainfall trend at Mtibwa forest plantation from 2009 to 2013....................................................56 Appendix 2: Monthly average rainfall trends at Mtibwa Plantation.................................................................57 Appendix 3: Mean monthly rainfall at Mtibwa Forest Plantation....................................................................57 Appendix 4 : Mtibwa Forest Plantation Organization Chart............................................................................58 Appendix 4: Calendar for annual nursery operations-Mtibwa Plantation........................................................59 Appendix 5: List of Mtibwa Forest Plantation Managers from 1961...............................................................60 Appendix 6: Area with satisfactory growing stock...........................................................................................61 Appendix 7: Planted areas (ha) by years and species.......................................................................................61 Appendix 8: Allowable cut...............................................................................................................................65 Appendix 9: Harvesting plan Mtibwa Forest Plantation...................................................................................67 Appendix 10: Processing capacity Mtibwa Forest plantation...........................................................................69 Appendix 11: Compartments in order of thinning sequence from 2013/14 to 2017/18...................................70 Appendix 12: Silvicultural needs ( Tectona grandis ) cost in ‘000’..................................................................72 Appendix 13: Silvicultural needs ( Cedrella ordorata).....................................................................................75 Appendix 14: Silvicultural needs indigenous species.......................................................................................76 Appendix 15: Thinning schedule for Tectona grandis ( established before 2003)...........................................77 Appendix 16: thinning schedule for Tectona grandis (stands established after 2003)......................................78 Appendix 17: Compartment register Mtibwa forest plantation........................................................................79 Appendix 18: Arrangement for staff leave........................................................................................................82 Appendix XX: Location map............................................................................................................................84

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PART

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PART A 1.0 DESCRIPTION 1.1 LOCATION Mtibwa plantation is situated in Morogoro Region.It is linked by Morogoro-Handeni road. It is about 110 km from Morogoro town along the Morogoro – Dumila –Handeni road Its located in the the slopes of Nguu Mountains, in eastern side in Mvomero District. . It lies between latitude 60 -60 10’S and longitude 370 40’ -370 45’ E. It is surrounded by four villages namely: Dihinda in the North East, Lusanga in the East, Kunke in South West and Madizini in the South . There is a private airfield owned by Mtibwa sugar Estate for light aircrafts and helicopters situated just 5 km from the forest station which makes accessibility easy

1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.2.1 History Prior to the establishment of teak plantation in the area, the area was covered by a closed lowland wet forest dominated by indigenous hardwood tree species. In 1936 Teak was introduced at Mtibwa block as a small trial plot of 8 acres, other experimental plots were established in 1954, 1955 and 1957 at Lusunguru block. Large scale planting started in 1961 at Mtibwa block where compartment number 1 having 38.6 ha was established. Planting continued annually up to 1971 when the whole block was completed. Failures which occurred were replaced by cedrella ssp. From 1972 onwards, planting was confined to Lusunguru block, with annual fluctuations caused by lack of funds. Seventeen (17) Managers headed the plantation since the plantation started (Appendix VI)

1.2.2 Legal status and ownership Mtibwa plantation is territorial forest reserve. The plantation is owned by Tanzania Forest Service (TFS). It was gazetted through Government Notice No 213 of 1944.Currently it is owned by Tanzania Forest services (TFS) under Government notice 269 of 2010. 1.3 LAND 1.3.1 Area Mtibwa forest occupies a total area of about 3115.6 ha. The plantation land is divided into two main blocks or forest reserves and these are separated by a narrow strip of public land as detailed below: Mtibwa block/ forest reserve Total area is 1023.6 ha -33% Plantable area 847.44 ha Planted area 847.44 Ha (Table1 Page5)

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Lusunguru block/forest reserve Total area 1253.11 ha - 40% Plantable area 1253.11 ha Water logged and rocky area 986.14 ha â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 47% of Lusunguru and 31% of total FR area Planted area 771.42 ha 36% Area available for extension 510 ha - 39% of Block plantable area and 16 of plantation area Total plantation plantable area 2129.28 ha Total planted area 1618.86ha - 51% of plantaion area and 75% of plantable area 1.3.2 Topography The plantation lies approximately 640 m.a.s.l. Topographical features on the two forest blocks are not uniform. Mtibwa block is almost flat while Lusunguru block is dominated by gentle slopes and a number of low lying hills. 1.3.3 Geology and soils The plantation land is underlain by gneiss rocks (lower basement complex) which outcrops on the Lusunguru low lying hills. The soils in Lusunguru are smooth and are fairly strong compacting. They are progressively more fertile down the catena. The soils of Mtibwa block are alluvial and fertile. Also more fertile down the catena, the soils are rich in calcium and have PH of between 5 to 8, though PH 6-7 is more common throughout the plantation area. The soils in Mtibwa and Lusunguru blocks have high capacities for water retention and at the same time very poor drainage. 1.3.4 Vegetation Mtibwa block and northern western part of Lusunguru block (flanking Kirengezi river) were originally under ground water forests. The main tree species were Milicia excelsa, Khaya, Antiaris and Sterculia with an association of heavy undergrowth. All the valuable timber species were exploited. The areas of Mtibwa block were cleared of their natural vegetation for teak plantation. A greater part of Lusunguru block is covered by moist miombo woodlands. Brachystegia with dense undergrowth of grass forms a greater part of the total tree population. The vegetation in the low-lying areas of Lusunguru block gives way to Acacia woodlands. The common tree species in the area are Khaya nyasica,Albizia gummifera,Combretum schumanni, Brachystegia species, Isoberlinia globiflora, Pterocarpus angolensis and Acacia sp. 1.3.5 Biodiversity potential There is a general decrease of plants, animals and birds population in the area. This has probably been brought about by changes in their habitats (destructive) and human population. However there is a seasonal migration of birds in the area soon after long rains to feed on paddy fields. 1.3.6 Hydrology The plantation and the nearby village of Lusanga were formerly getting water from Lunkhalwa River where the flow is annual. The supply was by gravity through aluminium pipes. This was enough to meet the demands for domestic use, nursery and fire fighting. Incidentally, all the water pipes have been stolen and taken away by unknown people. The intake and the main reservoir were left untampered.

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Kirengezi river which used to flow through Mtibwa and Lusunguru forest reserves throughout the year is now seasonal. Its course was diverted by M/s Mtibwa sugar estates to avoid swampy conditions especially to the south of Mtibwa Block and Madizini in general. 1.3.7 Special features and sites The plantation area has scattered swampy areas which at present are un-suitable for growing teak and cedrella. 1.4 CLIMATE 1.4.1 Rainfall The plantation experiences two rain periods in a year; the long rains are from March to May. These are followed by a long dry season lasting October. Short rains are from November to December. The average mean annual rainfall is 1200 mm. . 1.4.2 Temperatures Temperatures are high particularly in the months of January and February. Mid day temperatures vary from 28 to 33 0C 1.4.3 Wind Winds blow from South East and North East directions 1.5 GROWING STOCK 1.5.1 Growth rates. The growth Record of teak have shown to grow up to 2.54m height increment per year in the first 10 years. Lusunguru block growth vigour is slightly less. Records have shown growth of 2.0m height in the first 10 years followed by 0.3m in the 10 to 20 years of age. 1.5.2 Mean annual increment (MAI) The Mean annual increment (MAI) for Mtibwa plantation in 1986 inventory was 12.28 in the year 2000 miniinventory MAI was calculated to be 7.866m3/ha/year and 7.05543/ha/year for Mtibwa block and Lusunguru respectively. Thus average MAI (2002) was 7.5 m3/ha/year for Mtibwa Plantation.

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Table 1: Compartment to be thinned and clear felled in plan period Thinning

Year

Clear felling

2013/14

MT9

MT10A, MT10B, MT8

2014/15

MT9, MT6B, MT6A

MT7A, MT7B, TP2006

2015/16

MT11B

2016/17

MT11B, LR12A

MT5, MT3

2017/18

LR14, LR13

LR1-10

MT7C, MT7D

LR12C

LR14,LR15,FN78A ,FN73B,FN80,FN76

MT8A, MT8B, MT10A, MT10B

MT7C

MT7A, MT7B

1.5.3 Allowable cut The age class distribution of the plantation is uneven (Fig 1), which means the forest is not normal. Therefore, the objective of this plan is to try to regulate the forest to normal. The allowable cut for the plan period is given in Appendix 8. It shows total volume to of 53,901.23 m3 will be removed 1.5.4 Health and vitality The establishment of newly seed orchard at Kwengoma area aiming at tree improvement. • Avoidance of poor stock will be done by using improved material from selected plus tree from Mtibwa and Longuza forest plantation respectively. • By using tissue culture large number of planting material will be produced. 1.5.5 Stocking The growing stock is the sum by number or volume of all trees growing in a forest. The main tree species planted at Mtibwa are Tectona grandis (95%) and Cedrella ordoratta+Milicia exelsa(5%). The age class and species distribution is as shown in

Figure 1: Age class distribution for all species by area- Mtibwa plantation 2013.

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The total standing volume for Mtibwa and Lusunguru blocks in january 2013 was 66,338m3 and 66,434m3 respectively. The density for Mtibwa and Lusunguru blocks was 368,014.32 and 203,907.26 respectively. The total standing volume for the whole plantation is estimated to be 132,772M3 and the stoking of the whole plantation is 571,922 trees as shown in Table 2 Table 2: Standing volume and stocking for Mtibwa plantation Block

Density

Volume (m3)

Area (ha)

Mtibwa

292797.3

66235

532.24

Lusunguru

163921

66427

586.08

Mtibwa (young stands<5 yrs)

75217

103

315.2

Lusunguru (young stands <5yrs)

39987

TOTAL

571922

132772

Remarks

185.34 1618.86

1.5.6 Management units The plantation is divided into two blocks which are Mtibwa and Lusunguru blocks. The blocks are further subdivided into smaller units called ranges. Thus Mtibwa block has Mtibwa range and Lusanga range. Lusunguru block is composed of Sambai range and Dihinda range. Each range/block is subdivided into compartments eg MT1, LR3, etc. Compartments are numbered 1, 2, 3 etc 1.6 UTILIZATION 1.6.1 Markets In recent years, demand for teak particularly for export market has increased tremendously. Potential customers are private people and companies. The market absorbs big sized logs from third to fifth thinning and very rarely accepts second thinning. Main markets for forest products from Mtibwa plantation is Morogoro town, Dar es Salaam and Overseas. In addition, the plantation supplies products such as building poles, teak seeds and teak stumps to the nearby villages and regions. 1.6.2 Harvesting The sale of standing trees due for clear felling follows the procedures of Auction Selection of successful buyer is done by theAuction comitee. Small scale customers who can buy from 4m3 to 499m3 of standing timber submit their applications which are considered by the harvesting committee of the plantation. This committee consists of the following members: • Director of planning and Resource Utilization (Chairperson) • Plantation Manager- (Secretary) • Assistant Plantation Manager (Member) • Forester in charge of the area to be harvested. (Member) • Regional Forest Officer/Regional Natural Resources Adviser (Member . Disposal of forest products is done through three main ways, tender, public auction and private agreement. In the first two methods, TFS advertise through the public media (radio or newspapers). Interested buyers visit coupes to inspect and assess the stocking there-after invitation for tender or execution of auction is done. First thinning is done by the plantation staffs, forest assistants trained for tree marking and scaling under 5

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close supervision of AFO and FO. Felling is done by experienced casual laborers. Poles from thinning are sold according to prevailing Government Notice (G.N), other thinning regime are done by customer under supervision of plantation staffs. 1.6.3 Other forest uses. Apart from saw logs and poles the forest reserve also generate some income through sales of firewood, murram, stones, and tree seeds. Seeds are collected freely by Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA). 1.7 INFRASTRUCTURE 1.7.1 Road The access road to offices of the station branch off from the Morogoro â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Handeni main road near compartment MT 1. The plantation roads were constructed to act as compartment boundaries as well as internal firelines. They run paralled to each other and finally join the Morogoro-Handeni link. The road network covering the whole plantation is about 74.8 km and they are not in good condition.

Figure 2: Picture showing part of Morogoro- Handeni link passing between Lusunguru block

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1.7.2 Buildings The plantation office and eight staff quarters are located at Kwasama hill in Mtibwa block. The buildings include the main office, stores, generator house, un-completed health centre and un-completed garage. The health centre building is now used as temporally accommodation building for new staffs and also a stores room. Staff quarters include 1FPM house and 4 houses occupied by foresters. There are 3 houses for subordinate staff and old project offices. The condition of these buildings is bad walls and roof about to collapse, immediate rehabilitation and maintenance is needed to avoid total loss. The complete list of houses/buildings is shown in table 3. Table 3: List of houses at Mtibwa Forest station S/NO

BUILDING TYPE

QNTY

BUILDING YEAR

CONDITION

REMARKS

LOCATION

Managers house

1970/71

Fairly Good

Need renovation

Kwasama hill

Assist managers houses

1970/71

Fairly Good

Need renovation

Kwasama hill

F/Assistants houses

2011/12 1970/71

Fairly

4need renovation

Kwasama hill

Accountant house

1970/71

Fairly Good

Need renovation

Kwasama hill

Office and store

1970/71

Fairly Good

Renovated

Kwasama hill

Generator house

1970/71

poor

Need renovation

Kwasama hill

Other staff houses

1961/62

Very poor

demolited

Kwasama hill

1.7.3 Plants and equipment 1.7.3.1 Vehicles The station has two -Toyota Land Cruisers, Isuzu Lorry and ford ranger All vehicles are in good running condition. There are five motor cycles four Honda XL 125 and Yamaha 200. One Honda XL 125 is grounded. The vehicles and motorcycles are used for administration and field work table 7. 1.7.3.2 Plants and equipment There are two farm tractors which were leased from ZOFOMO. Both are used for timber extraction (skidding) and transportation (Forwarding) to the central log yard for storage. One tractor is also used for transport of casual laborers, roads maintenance (murram), distribution of water for domestic use, tree planting, nursery watering and fire fighting. They are equipped with accessories such as logging winch specialized trailers for transport and water bowser. There is also an electricity Generator plant in good running condition. 1.8 COMMUNICATION FACILITIES Mtibwa forest station office is connected with telephone services from Tanzania telecommunication company Ltd (TTCL). The area is also covered by mobile telephone service providers of Zain, Vodacom and Tigo. Staff with mobile phones enjoys reliable communication with the outside world.

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

1.9 WATER SUPPLY There is permanent water supply from bore well to the station. In 2006 a contractor was engaged to dig a bore hole 60m deep, construct pump house and reservoir. This was done in phase one. Clean water for both domestic and nursery is now available at the nursery site. The connection of pipes from bore hole to the reservoir tank then to the staff houses have been completed.This was done in phase two 1.10 ADMINISTRATION 1.10.1 Organization Administratively, the Forest Plantation Manager is directly answerable to the Chief Executive and assisted with two Assistant forest manager. . The Assistant Forest Officers (Diplomates and Certificate holders) who are answerable to the plantation Manager are in charges of four sections of the plantation namely, Silviculture, Protection, Harvesting and Administration. Each in-charge is supported by field staffs who are responsible for daily field activities Appendix 3. 1.10.2 Manning level There are 25 staff of different categories responsible for different duties as shown in table 4.

Table 4: Manning level Mtibwa Forest Plantation S,No

Designation

Number

Duties

Senior Forest Officer I

Forest Plantation Manager

Forest Officer II

Assistant Plantation Manager

Senior Forest Assistant (Diploma)

Silviculture section Incharge

Forest Assistant II(Diploma)

Harvesting Section Incharge

Forest Assistant (Diploma)

Transport and building Incharge

Senior Forest Assistant (Diploma)

Protection Incharge

Assistant Accountant

Accounts

Driver Grade IV

Driving station vehicles

Forest Assistant

Field works

Forest Assistant

Accounts/stores

Forest Assistant

Fuel stores

Forest Assistant (certificate)

Asst. Block Incharge-Mtibwa

Forest Assistant (certificate)

Asst.Silviculture Officer

Forest Assistant

Asst. Block Incharge-Lusunguru

Forest Assistant

Asst. Block Incharge-Lusunguru

Forest Assistant

Registry Incharge/Typist

1.11 SOCIAL SERVICES 1.11.1 Education The forest plantation has no primary schools situated in the plantation but depends on schools from neighbouring villages. Workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; children attend primary education at a neighbouring village of Lusanga situated about 3km from the forest station. 1.11.2 Health Health services are provided from a dispensary at Lusanga village. This dispensary is run by the Mvomero District Council. The plantation has plans to start offering first Aid services to her staff.

8 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

1.11.3 Religion There are different religious groups including Muslims, Christians and others, as evidenced by presence of Mosques and Churches at surrounding villages. Forest plantation staffs get religious services from surrounding villages. 1.11.4 Power supply Mtibwa forest station is supplied with electricity from the National Grid under TANESCO which was connected in 2003. The plantation also owns a generator set which is in good running condition and provides electricity to the forest office in case of power cut from TANESCO. 1.11.5 Social facilities and entertainment The forest plantation lack social hall and shop in the plantation forest area therefore most of the requirements are obtained from nearby villages. 1.12. SOCIAL ECONOMIC ASPECTS 1.12.1. Land use There are several land uses around the forest plantation such as farming and livestock keeping. Main agriculture crops includes sugarcane, maize, paddy, sunflower etc. while domestic animals reared are cattle, goats, sheep, chicken, pig. Etc. 1.12.2. Economic activities Agriculture is the main cornerstone for the economy and livelihoods of the plantationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s adjacent communities. Crops grown in the area include sugarcane, paddy, sunflower and maize. Other activities conducted include livestock keeping, commercial lumbering, petty business and employment in sugarcane farms and sugar factory. Roads are passable all the year around and are used for transportation of agricultural crops to the market in Morogoro. 1.12.3. Social economic impact The social economic impact of the plantation is as follows; i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Provision of employment to the local community. Supply of forest products such as timber, building materials, firewood and non-wood products. Etc. Amelioration maintenance of climate Earning of domestic and foreign currency. Provide protection to flora and fauna.

1.13 RESEARCH Currently there are research of wood density at different age classes to determine appropriate rotation age, another is on development of teak protocol on tissue culture, tree improvement programme and establishment of seed orchad .Also propagation of priority five indigineous trees species seed orchad namely; Milicia excelsa, Afzelia quanzesis, Pterocarpus angolensis khaya anthitheca and Dalbegia melanoxylon ultimately establishment of indegineous tree species plantation.

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PART

10 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

PART B 2.0 DIRECTIVES 2.1 OVERALL GOAL The overall goal of the plantation is to produce fine hardwood timber on a sustained yield both for export and local consumption. 2.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.2.1 Silviculture Teak will be the main timber species for planting. Due to soil differences, some areas especially those deposited with silt or water logged areas shall be planted with other species. Possible species are: (a) Cedrella ordorata for silt deposited areas (b) Eucalyptus spp. For water logged areas (c) Khaya nyasica for water logged areas (d) Milicia excelsa also alternative species. Teak will continue to be established in flying nurseries. Other species shall be raised in a permanent nursery. Water for nursery use is obtained from deep boreholes and pumped out by electrical pump. Increased production of wood shall be achieved through expansion of available land. In preference we shall start to replant all open areas before embarking on the extension sites. Land preparation will be done by clearing its natural vegetation and burning the trash. Beating up will be done whenever it is appropriate in order to ensure full stocking. All the necessary silvicultural treatments will be undertaken in order to improve the growth and health of trees. At least two weeding will be done each year while trees are still young. When ever conditions allows, Taungya system will be encouraged. The quality of trees and timber girth increments shall be ensured by following proper scheduled thinning. 2.2.2 Capital investment During the plan period the existing infrastructure will be renovated and improved. All buildings and staff houses shall be maintained. At present only few permanent labour force are accommodated at the station and the majority of them have personal houses at Lusanga and Dihinda villages.. New roads shall be aligned and constructed in the extension area before planting commence. There will be a comprehensive road maintenance programme to rehabilitate the road systems, external firebreaks and internal firelines. One vehicle 4FWD pickup and a farm tractor with logging accessories and log trailer shall be procured. The other tractor and a Gen set shall undergo routine maintenance. 2.2.3 Human Resources Training shall be conducted to various manning levels depending on their needs. The present staff strength of 25 shall be increased to 30 through new recruitments and replacements of those who retired or transferred.

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2.2.4 Revenue Generation Increased revenue is expected to come from compartments which are going to be clearfelled, thinning and various fees from sales of services. We shall intensify proper control and accountability during revenue collection. In addition, the plantation will produce teak stumps and sell them to increase revenue but at the same time, this measure will reduce theft of stumps in our nurseries/planted areas. The total amount of revenues to be generated during the period of this plan is Tshs 20,608,439,314.48 Table 5: Allowable cut and forecasted revenues during the plan period (2013/2014-2017/2018) Year Allowable cut at standing vol.cm3 thinning clearfelling LMDA Royality Total

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Total

10469.56 0 10469.56 293,147,680.00 3762236386 4,055,384,066

11447.67 2478.26 8969.41 320,534,790.80 3520548684 3,841,083,475

10469 527 9897 293,132,000.00 3619726950 3,912,858,950

11046 0 11046 309,288,000.00 3969380100 4,278,668,100

10469 0 10469 293,132,000.00 3762035150 4,055,167,150

53901.23 3005.26 50850.97 Â Â 20,143,161,741

2.2.5 Utilization During thinning proper care to the remaining trees will be taken, by restricting the operation to permanent under supervision of Forest officer. Markets for small logs shall be created by encouraging saw mills to renovate their processing equipment to suite for small logs. Surveys for potential customers particularly building contractors in Morogoro and nearby urban centres shall be sought. 2.2.6 Protection and Conservation Protection of the plantation and the tree crop shall be strengthened. Efforts will be made to stop illegal tree harvesting at night. Regular day and night patrols will be made and assistance from police force will be sought whenever necessary. Also we shall continue using informers and villagers in neighbouring villages to protect their adjacent areas. Manning of forest product examination points shall be enhanced and further improvements will be made. Another checkpoint will be established near our central log yard for control of other forest products e.g. murram, fire wood, charcoal and poles. Plantation boundaries and beacons shall constantly be surveyed and any encroachment shall be punished and pushed out. The plantation shall be protected against fires and other damages, and a wooden fire lookout tower shall be constructed at Lusunguru block. All external firebreaks and internal firelines shall be cleaned before the onset of fire season. Monkeys have been noted to cause damage to young seedlings in the nursery and stumps in the planted areas. We shall keep a clear watch and if such damage occurs we shall seek advice of wildlife department for proper action. For soil erosion control and other conservation measures tree planting will be restricted to gentle slopes. Natural vegetation around riverbanks and hill tops shall not be cleared. 2.2.7 Resource assessment The available information on plantation resources is both inaccurate and inadequate. Some compartment areas are not accurate and others have not been included into the plantation maps. All compartments shall be resurveyed and accurate areas established. An inventory carried out in January 2013 allowed us to know the growing stock of the plantation and was input to the preparation of this management plan. 12 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

2.3 STRATERGIC TARGETS 2.3.1 SILVICULTURE 2.3.1.1 Species The main species for planting shall be Teak (Tectona grandis), Cedrella ordorata. khaya spp, Millicia exselsa, and Afzelia quanzesis. 3.1.2 Planting targets A total of 903.4ha shall be planted, teak will cover about 683 ha, cedrella will cover about 20.4ha and indigenous species will cover about 200ha. Out of the total, 250 ha located at Mtibwa block and Lusunguru shall be replanted and 653.4 ha shall be normal planting in the extension areas of Lusunguru block. An area of about 180.5ha shall receive beating up. The planting and beating up targets for each species are summarized in Table 6 below: Table 6: Planting targets for Mtibwa Forest Plantation 2013/14-2017/18

2013/2014 Teak (ha) Cedrella Extension Teak khaya mellisia afzelia Total (ha)

103

2014/2015

2015/2016

2016/2017

2017/2018

Total

88.8

20 20.4

230.8 20.4

61.2 20 20 10 200

110 20 20 10 200.4

100 20 20 10 200

78 20 20 10 200

452.2 80 80 40 903.4

2.3.1.2 Nursery operations About 2,000,000 seedlings shall be raised. 1,500,000 seedlings of teak, 35,000 Cedrella, 150,000 khaya,150,000 mellisia, and 80,000 afzelia shall be raised in flying , permanent nursery and green house. 2.3.1.3 Land preparation An area of 903.4 ha will be prepared for planting/replanting. Both Taungya farmers and casual laborers will be involved for the work. 2.3.1.4 Tending operations Tending operations such as weeding, singling, biological thinning and fire line will continue to be done by casual labourers although staff and some villagers will be allowed to plant agricultural crops under the young stand. In addition, permanent staff and casual labourers will do second thinning according to prescriptions. The third, fourth and fifth thinnings, which are commercial, will be done by plantation staff or contractors Appendix 11.

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2.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 2.4.1 Roads New roads shall be constructed in the extension area covering a length of about 11 km. Maintenance of existing road network and fire lines of about 10 km will be done annually. 2.4.2 Buildings The strategy is to maintain and improve the existing office building, staff quarters and other buildings. Construction of 4 new staff houses will be done in order to accommodate plantation workers 2.4.3. Communication facilities During this plan period, the project is planning to put up a reliable wireless communication in order to improve contacts with outside world. These shall include installation of Fax and internet services to ease communication within and outside the forest plantation. 2.4.4. Vehicles, plants and equipment For proper running of activities, it is planned that all vehicles, plants and equipment will be maintained. The strategy is to maintain the existing vehicles, plants and equipment and procure more vehicles and equipment Table 7: List of existing vehicles and plants Mtibwa Forest Plantation S/No

Vehicle/plant No

Make

Purchase year

Remarks

STK 1065

Land Cruiser Hardtop

2004

Need replacement

STK 3515

Land Cruiser Hardtop

2007

Good condition

STJ 7065

Isuzu Lorry

STH 8458

Honda M/cycle XL 125

1994

Grounded

STK 1803

Honda M/cycle XL 125

2005

Need replacement

STK 1148

Yamaha 200

2007

Good condition

CW 5410

FORD TRACTOR

Grounded

CW 5584

FORD TRACTOR

Need replacement

Generator

Poor condition

Water pump

Good condition

Power saws

2 Huscavana

Need Replacement

STK 5512

Yamaha

2010

Good condition

STK 1093

XL 125

2014

Good condition

STK 1094

XL 125

2014

Good condition

STL 1029

Ford ranger

2014

Good condition

STG 9122

L/Rover 110

Transferred 2002

Grounded

14 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

Good condition

PART

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

PART C 3.0 PRESCRITION 3.1 SILVICULTURE 3.1.1 NURSERY OPERATIONS 3.1.1.1Species selection The choice of main species will be done by the Forest Manager on the basis of prescription of technical order recommendation. Suggestions for alternative species will be made by the FM and forwarded to the CE for approval. 3.1.1.2 Soil mixture Teak There is no standard soil mixture. The FM will select a suitable site for locating a flying nursery each year. It should have fertile soils which are well drained. The site will be ploughed and harrowed prior to seedbeds construction. Cedrella Soil mixture is 50% top forest soil and 50% cow mixture. 3.1.1.2.1 Soil ingredients as above 3.1.1.3 Seedlings raising techniques This will be governed by technical order prescription and local built up experience. 1 kg of Teak seeds produces 700 seedlings. Pre treatment of seeds is by soaking in free running water for the period of 72 hours to break their seed dormancy. Then they are broadcasted in seedbeds of 12m x 1m separated by 0.5m. 3.1.1.3.1 Pot size Black polythene tubes gauge 250 cut into inches length. 3.1.1.3.2 Sowing techniques Sowing shall be done in the month of February. The soaked seeds are broadcasted on the seedbeds at the sowing density of 4kg per 12m2 (1 karai to 1 seedbed). The seeds will be left uncovered for a period of 24 hours and thereafter covered with a layer of 2.5 cm ordinary top soil. 3.1.1.3.3 Seed germination The germination of Teak seeds is sporadic with the early seeds shooting up on the seventh to tenth day after sowing. Germination continues throughout as long as conditions for growth are available until all viable seeds germinate.

16 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique The Forest Management shall decide on the timing and frequency of the following activities. 3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime Watering in flying nurseries is not done but may be necessary if there are shortages of rain or prolonged drought. In such cases watering is done twice a day early in the morning and late in the evening. 3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary operation The nurseries are weeded regularly to free young teak seedlings from weed competition. The surroundings are also kept clean. A fire line is made and a strip of up to 20 metres is burnt before the onset of dry season to reduce fires risk. 3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out This is only done for Cedrella ordorata. Pricking out commence soon after appearance of second pair of leaves. This is a delicate operation and is done under shade with minimum exposure of roots. First the polythene tubes are filled with soil mixture. A hole is made at the centre. A seedling is pricked up from seedbed and inserted into the hole. The soil is leveled lightly and firmly by hand to make sure no air pockets are left. 3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning The roots growing out of polythene tubes are pruned using a sharp knife. This is done after every 3 weeks. Root pruning results in a balanced shoot-root ratio at the time of planting and creates increased mass of fibrous roots which ensures improved field survival particularly in areas of marginal rainfall. 3.1.1.4.5 Stump preparation At the time of planting out sufficient plants are left in nursery area (in situ) to form a plantation compartment at 2.5 x 2.5. The stock which remains can also provide for beating up stock for the next season (short rains). 3.1.1.5 Nursery Calendar The Forest manager will observe the following activities are undertaken within specified period (see also Appendix 4

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Table 8: Nursery Calendar for Mtibwa Forest plantation Month September – December December – February March March (first week) (the rest) 2nd - 4th week March – April May – June

June – March (Current year) (Next year) March – next year)

Activity Seed collection v Site preparation for new nursery (clearing) v Ploughing v Preparation of seedbeds v Seed pretreatment (soaking) v Seed Sowing v Seed germination v Weeding v Fertilizer application (top dressing with NPK) v Marking fire lines and control burning. v Root pruning, watering v Preparation of planting stumps to commence at beginning of long rains. v Cutting into sizes 10cm-tape root x2cm stem above root collar. v Stumps bundled and stored in the shade before planting.

3.2 PLANTING 3.2.1 Land preparation The FM will authorize commence of the following activities, where and when to do what. Mechanical land preparation shall not be applicable, due to lack of machines and equipment. 3.2.1.1 Manual land preparation The activity should commence in July soon after long rains. In the extension area, the natural vegetation will be cleared to give room to new teak crop at beginning of short rain. Taungya system will be allowed whenever possible to minimize land preparation costs. 3.2.1.2 Stake and stakes cutting Stake cutting for beating up will be carried out in the month of October and should be completed before short rains of November/December; when beating up would commence. The cost is 1,000 stakes per man day. Staking for normal planting shall start in February/March before long rains. Cost is 4mds/ha. 3.2.2 Spacing The spacing adopted is 2.5mx2.5m. This is according to technical order No.1 of 2003 for teak. 3.2.3 Pit size Planting holes should be as deep as 10cm. usually the holes are prepared by a crow bar. The stumps are inserted into the hole with an allowance of 20mm of its stem protruding above the ground. Finally it is firmly compacted to remove air pockets.

18 (2013/14 - 2011/18)

3.2.4 Timing Planting out is done soon after the beginning of long rains when the soil have attained enough moisture, usually in mid March. 3.2.5 Planting Stock Size The right size for planting is reached when the root collar thickness is 20mm and of planting stock is 12.5cm long. 3.2.6 Survival assessment Survival assessment is done at least six months after planting. The survival of 80% and above indicates satisfactory stocking. Beating up is effected when the survival assessment is below 80% but above 50%. When survival assessment is 50% and below the whole area (compartment) is replanted. 3.3 TENDING OPERATIONS These are initiated by the Forest Manager in accordance to T.O No 1 of 2003 for Teak, Field experience and prevailing condition. 3.3.1 Weeding. The newly established compartments receive complete weeding during the first two years and thereafter sanitary slashing and climber cutting is done once in a year. 3.3.1.1 Timing. This is done at least 2 weeks before long rains and end of short rains. 3.3.1.2 Frequency Weeding is done four times in a year for the first 2 years and if the area is under Taungya, two weeding in a year are enough. Climber cutting and sanitary slashing is done once in a year. 3.3.1.3Types Complete weeding (clean weeding) is applied. 3.3.1.4 Method Manual weeding by using hand hoe. Task 20mds/ha. 3.3.2 Pruning Teak trees are self pruning. Only climber cutting and brush cleaning is done occasionally double ladders are taken out. 3.3.2 Thinning Thinning will follow technical order number 1 of 2003. For older stands which were established with an initial spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m, thinning will follow technical order No. 1 of 2003 Annex B. For older stands there are four thinning regimes, which are first, second, third, and fourth . The second, 3rd, and 4th thinnings are commercial. Clear felling will be at the age of 40-60 years. The thinnings will be done manually. Selective thinning will be applied for all thinning regimes . The inferior and suppressed phenotypes are selectively 19

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

marked and felled according to the thinning schedule. (Appendix 16). For young stands established after 2003, there are three thinning regimes which are 1st, 2nd and 3rd at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively Appendix 15. 3.3.2.1 Timing The operation can be done throughout the year except during long rains of March â&#x20AC;&#x201C; May 3.3.2.2 Thinning frequency Thinning will start at the end of the 4th year following at an interval of 5 years as follows; Table 9: Thinning schedule for Teak stands Operation

Year

Initial stock (SPH)

Number of stems to remain after thinning

Trees to remove (SPH)

1st Thinning

0 5 10 15 20 25 40+

1680 1680 1125 875 625 375 125

1125 875 625 375 250 0

555 250 250 250 125 125

2ndThinning 3rdThinning 4thThinning 5thThinning Clear felling

Table 10: Thinning schedule for Teak stand as per Technical order No1 of 2003 Operation

Year

Initial stock(SPH)

Number of stems to remain after thinning

Trees to remove (SPH)

1600

1 Thinning

1600

800

2ndThinning

800

400

3 Thinning

400

300

100

Clear felling

30-40

300

Replanting

1600

3.3.2.3 Thinning method The operation is semi mechanized. Felling and delimbing is done by manual labor using axes, crosscutting is done by chainsaws and terrain transport (skidding) is done by farm tractors. Tasks Felling 20-25 trees/crew (2mds) crosscutting to produce 100 logs/day (chain operator) skidding 100 logs/day (tractor operator +3chockermen) 3.3.2.4 Thinning types Selective thinning is adopted for all thinning regimes. The worst trees are removed systematically leaving the best trees for final crop. 3.3.2.5 Thinning assessment A tree to be removed will be judged in terms of: - i) its quality (form, growth) ii) spacing factor iii) diseased or abnormality 20 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

The standing stock is assessed to establish the number of stems per hectare present in a particular compartment. Trees to be removed are marked on the basis of the standard thinning regime and the current stock (SPH) established as above i.e. If the current stocking has more trees than the standard (final stock) the extra trees are removed. If stocking is equal or less, none is removed. Marking for thinning is carried out by the department inventory section. For a mixed stand (e.g. teak and Cedrella ordorata) cedrella or other species shall be removed in favour of teak. 3.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENTS 3.4.1 Roads 3.4.1.1 Construction This represents a substantial investment in terms of capital and also involves continuing charge for maintenance. The decision for road construction will therefore be made by the CE. In the plan period we shall construct 11 km of new roads in the extension area with branches and feeder as firebreaks/fire lines. 3.4.1.1.1 Types of construction The main road to the new area shall be accessible throughout the year. The plantation roads including the external firebreaks will be constructed at low standards by manual labour. These shall be upgraded later depending on construction machinery availability. 3.4.1.2 Maintenance 3.4.1.2.1 Frequency Maintenance will be undertaken twice in a year soon after long rains, and just before onset of dry season, maintenance prior to rain season aim to open curvets and side drains while post rain maintenance rectify damage from storm and reduce fire risk. 3.4.1.2.2 Method of maintenance A motor grader shall be used on main roads and external firebreaks, internal roads shall be maintained by manual labour using hand tools. 3.4.2 Buildings 3.4.2.1 Construction For new buildings, supervision and guidelines will be given by the TEMESA. Construction of 1 new Staff house and rehabilitation. 3.4.3.2 Construction Design According to government standards 3.4.3.2 Type Grade IV living quarter. 21

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3.4.2.2 Maintenance The maintenance schedule will be prepared and updated by the Forest Manager 3.4.2.2.1 Maintenance frequency This operation will be undertaken each year and programmed to last for 5 years until all buildings and houses are covered. 3.4.2.2.2 Timing of maintenance It is best done soon after rains to detect leakages and also paintings may not be easily washed. 3.4.2.2.3 Methods We shall use contractors or private artisans basis (masons, carpenters, plumber or electricians) 3.4.3 Vehicles, plants, equipment and tools 3.4.3.1 Procurement The CE will assist to procure new vehicles, plants, some equipment and tools. 3.4.3.1.1 Types Selection of vehicles by plants types will be done by the Forest Manager. 3.4.3.2 Maintenance There will be a routine maintenance and schedule for all vehicles and plants for a specific period - weekly, monthly and yearly according manufacturer specifications. 3.4.3.2.1 Maintenance frequency This will be given by the manufacturer specifications and will depend on conditions for our use. It will depend on road conditions (dust, rough) and kilometers or machine hours covered. 3.4.3.3 Replacement control This will be undertaken by Director of Forestry and Beekeeping/ CE. 3.4.4 Communication facilities 3.4.4.1 Procurement This will be done by the TFS after recommendations from FM 3.4.4.2 Types -Radio call â&#x20AC;&#x201C; control centre - 6-walkie talkies 3.4.4.2 Maintenance Follows manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s manual specifications.

22 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

3.4.4.3 Frequency Monthly and periodic according to manufacturer. 3.4.4.4 Replacement To follow recommendations from manufacturer. 3.4.5 Water supply 3.4.5.1 Sources Mainly underground water supplemented by rain water harvesting 3.4.5.2 Supply system Water for domestic use shall be pumped to the main reservoir near Forest Managerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s house for storage and distribution. This shall be relayed on its path by electric pumps to be located at sub stations. 3.4.5.3 Quality and quantity The quality of underground water has been tested and analyzed at the region water laboratories. It was found to be suitable for human consumption and also for nursery use (PH 6.5-7.5). The quantity of the underground water after drilling is expected to suffice the needs of the community around. 3.5 HUMAN RESOURCES 3.5.1 Human resource development 3.5.1.1 Training Plan This shall be initiated by the Forest Manager and sent to the Chief Executive of TFS where it will be incorporated with those from other plantations. 3.5.1.2 Recruitment New recruitment will be done by the Chief Executive following recommendations from Forest Manager and available vacancies in the civil service for a respective cadre. 3.5.1.3 Manning levels The various manning levels within the plantation will be arranged and coordinated by the Forest Manager and his management team. 3.6 REVENUE GENERATION 3.6.1 Source of revenue The source of revenue will be from sale of round logs (thinning and clearfelling), poles, firewood, forest seeds (cedrella and teak), murram, stones and sand.

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3.6.2 Control of revenue collection The Forest Manager will conduct regular training for personnel who are involved in revenue collection, timber measurements, grading, billing and timber auctioning. Regular checking and monitoring of field measurements will be done to ensure that correct records are taken and recorded in the appropriate books e.g. felling licenses, receipt books and transit passes. The daily collections must be promptly acknowledged through proper ERVs and banked. A convenient place for examination and checking of forest products passing through will be established and maintained in both exist. The purpose is to monitor the movement of forest products passing through the area, whether they are legal and are covered by proper movement order (Transit Pass) and serve for future records. 3.7 UTILIZATION 3.7.1 Harvesting plans A schedule of areas available for wood procurement for the period of 1 to 5 years will be prepared by the Forest Manager. 3.7.1.1 Clear felling In the plan period 321 ha will be clear felled. Table 11: Summary of allowable cut Year

Thinning Vol m3

Clear felling vol m3

Total

2013/14

10469.56

10460

2014/15

2478.26

2015/16

572

9897

10469

2016/17

11046

2017/18

10469

8969.4111

11447.6711

3.7.1.2 Thinning All first thinning at the age of 5 will be given priority. This will be followed by third, fourth and fifth thinnings on the criteria of number of stems per hectare and whether they are delayed or not. 3.7.2 Sales 3.7.2.1 Pricing for sales The Director of Forestry and Beekeeping will evaluate and recommend the price of forest products and non wood products available in the area. Actually the price is based on royalty rates, logging fees and silvicultural/ road maintenance fees. 3.7.2.2 Methods of sales Timber from clearfellings will be sold at standing volume. The volume will be stablished by tariff system. Timber from thinning will be sold by volume system (assortments). However, the procedure is to sell timber from both clearfelling and thinning through public Auction or Tender. The Director of Forestry and Beekeeping will assist in the advertisement, processing (evaluation) and award of winner. 24 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

3.7.2.3 Markets There is good market for big sized logs. Small logs from first thinning have no markets within the plantation area. The forest manager will look for markets outside the area in particular to big rural centres like Mvomero, Gairo, Dakawa and Kibaigwa. 3.8 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 3.8.1 Prevention 3.8.1.1 Fireline The plantation fireline maintenance plan is 500km attached as an appendix 12. 3.8.1.2 Control Plan for diseases and pests There have been no recorded incidences of disease or insect pest attack in the plantation area. If occurs remedial measures will be taken instantly. Currently Management is observing preventive measures through health, vigor forestry practices. 3.9 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 3.9.1 Timing The forest manager will request from the TFS headquarters for availability of both survey and Inventory crews. The best convenient time is just before thinning/ clearfelling operation commence. 3.9.2 Methodology Survey and Inventory section has well trained crews stationed at TFS headquarters. These are trained on various methods depending on the use for which the (data) results are intended. 3.10 ORGANIZATION The organization structure is shown in the Appendix 3

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

PART

26 (2013/14 - 2011/18) Â

PART D. 4.0 ESTIMATES During the management plan period, the plantation will spend a total amount of Tshs 3,414,060,000 as summarised in table 9, for implementing buildings, roads, vehicle, administration and silviculture operations as detailed in Table 12,13,14, 15 and 16 and Appendix 12, 13 and 14 respectively Table 12: Summary of estimates for different planned operations S/No

Planned operation /Activity

Estimated Costs (Tshs)

Silvicultural operations

1,540,760,000

Forest protection

327,500,000

Running and maintenance of plants and vehicles

617,400,000

Office administration

456,400,000

Maintenance and construction of roads

240,000,000

Maintenance and construction of buildings

232,000,000

Total

Remarks

3,414,060,000

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism will contribute this amount in terms of staff salaries. The remaining budget will be funded from LMDA generated by the Forest Plantation during the plan period and retention funds from Forest and Beekeeping Division.

Table 13: Maintenance and construction of buildings and other installations Financial year

Activity to achieve target

2013/14

Maintenance of buildings

Maintenance of buildings Water supply

Input required for each target

Estimated Cost per Unit (Tshs)

Input

Unit

Maintenance

0ffice

various

25,000,000

Electrical installation

Houses

3,000,000

Sub

28,000,000

Maintenance (minor) Labour charge Various

Quantity

Total cost (Tshs)

Houses

20,000,000

40,000,000

Houses

5,000,000

10,000,000

60,000,000

Various

2014/15 Staff quarters Construction of a garage

(2013/14 - 2011/18)

Major repair of buildings, water supply and other works Construction of staff quarter at Lusanga Construction of lookout tower at Lusunguru

2015/16

Various

House

20,000,000

40,000,000

20,000,000

4,000,000 64,000,000

2016/17

Minor repair of buildings, water supply and other works

Various

2017/18

Minor repair of buildings, water supply and other works

Various

20,000,000

40,000,000

Sub total

40,000,000

20,000,000

40,000,000

Sub total Total

40,000,000 232,000,000

Table 14: Maintenance and construction of roads Financial year

Road type

Activity

2013/14

Acess roads

10 km

Maintenance of access roads

10 km

Maintenance

5km

Construction

Access roads

10 km

Maintenance

Access roads

3km

Construction

Access roads

10 km

Maintenance

Access roads

3km

Construction

Acess roads

10 km

Maintenance of access roads

2014/15

Access roads

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

TOTAL

28 (2013/14 - 2011/18)

Length (km)

Unit cost (Tshs)

Remarks

50,000,000