United Republic of Tanzania MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM TANZANIA FORESTRY SERVICES AGENCY
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MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SHUME FOREST PLANTATION (2013/14 - 2011/18)
2
APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION This Management plan for Shume Forest Plantation has been prepared and compiled by management team of the shume forest plantation and approved by the Chief Executive of Tanzania forest services Agency (TFS). Prepared by: Amiri M Killo Manager – Shume Forest Plantation Approved by:
Juma S. Mgoo Chief Executive of TFS (CE) Approving date: August 2013
Signature..........................
Distribution of copies The plantation Manager shall produce at least 17 copies of the approved plan which shall be distributed as follows; - Forest Manager (2); - Chief Executive Officer (10); - Forestry Training institute Olmotony (1); - Forestry Industries Training Institute (1); - Sokoine University of Agriculture (1); - TAFORI (1); - TTSA(1)
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ABSTRACT This plan describes the management objectives of Shume Forest plantation for the period of five years from 2013/2014 to 2017/2018. In the past there was a management plan which was in use and approved by the Director of Forestry and Beekeeping. The overall goal of the Shume forest plantation is to ensure sustainable supply of forest products and services to the forest based industries and community as a whole. This will be achieved by replanting the harvested areas, carry out proper tending operations, protect the forest from wild fires, carry out resource assessment and protect the forest soil, illegal harvesting, and monkey damage. The development of this plan is based on the existing policies and laws, ecological and socio economic studies conducted inside and outside the plantation, information from existing documents/ files and personal communications with key stakeholders. The age class distribution of the plantation is almost even meaning that the forest is nearly to normal. Therefore the objective of this plan is to regulate the forest close to normal. In order to arrive at a normal forest, average harvesting should be equally to the average planting for softwood species effective next plan period. There are several capital investments such as procurement of vehicles and plants. The aim of the management is to maintain the existing facilities to accommodate the existing staff and facilitate the day to day administrative and management duties. To develop human resource capacities, the forest plantation is aiming at giving short courses and tours to the staff. In the five years management period, the aim is to undertake pruning and thinning according to the prescribed schedules. The plantation management will protect and conserve forest plantation from fires, insects, fungi, encroachment, human and animal damages. The plantation management will raise awareness to the surrounding villages on establishing their nurseries, fire control and prevention. Patrols will be intensified to detect and control any damage to the plantation. The plantation management will also carry out a resurvey and mapping, compartimatation of the forest plantation in collaboration with the Survey and Inventory Unit of the TFS in order to update compartment boundaries and maps.
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The research plots established by TAFORI and SUA which are located within the project area are not properly maintained to be able to generate the required information, During this plan period the plantation management will work closely with TAFORI and SUA to make sure the established research plots are well maintained and to monitor crop growth, quality and yield. Data for this plan was collected by the Forest Inventory Section in collaboration with Shume Forest Management. Field work took place in November, 2012 the data provides information for determination of standing and allowable cut volume. The allowable cut obtained was 30,809 m³ and standing volume was 154,045 m³.The age distribution of the plantation is uneven. Inorder to regulate the forest normal 30,809 m³ per year will be harvested. At present, the demand for wood products from the forest plantation is higher as compared to allowable cut. The demand is more than 80,000 m3 per year while supply is 30,809 m3. The average CAI of the plantation is 9 m3/ha. Most of the customers coming from Lushoto and Korogwe.The main tree species planted in the plantation include; Pinus patula, Cupressus lusitanica, Grevillea robusta, Accacia melanoxylone, Accacia mearnsii, Juniperus procera and Eucalyptus spp. The total area of the plantation is 4303.61 ha
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Forest Plantation Management wishes to extend his deep appreciation to the entire staff of Shume Forest Plantation for their active involvement and participation in the development of this Management draft Plan. We wish to thank all Rangers for their excellent contribution and the inventory crew from TFS HQ for both data collection and analysis which facilitated us to compiles this draft of the management plan. The technical inputs and suggestions contributed by inventory team as well as conversation with shume forest workers and local people around the plantation were very much important to us in the preparation of this management draft plan. We appreciate their contributions and suggestions. Lastly but not least we would like to extend our deeply thanks to SUA team for their contribution in teams of data analysis and guidance for preparation of this management plan.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL AND DISTRIBUTION ii ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES xiii LIST OF FIGURE xiv LIST OF PLATES xvi LIST OF APPENDICES xvi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE 3
1.0
DESCRIPTIO N OF THE PLANTATION 3
1.1
Location 3
1.1.1
Position 3
1.1.2
Accessibility 3
1.2
History and progress of the plantation 4
1.2.1
History 4
1.2.2
Legal status and ownership 4
1.2.3
Progress of the Plantation for the last Management Plan 4
1.3
Land 6
1.3.1
Area 6
1.3.2
Topography 58
1.3.3
Geology and soils 58
1.3.4
Vegetation 59
1.3.5
Biodiversity 59
1.3.6
Hydrology 59
1.3.7
Special features and sites 60
1.4
Climate 60
1.4.1
Mean rainfall 60
1.4.2
Rainfall distribution and reliability 61
1.4.3
Temperature 61
1.4.4
Humidity 62
1.4.5
Wind 62
1.5
Growing stock 62
1.5.1.1
Site classes 64
7
1.5.2
Growth rates and Rotation
64
1.5.3
Allowable cut
65
1.5.4
Health and vitality
65
1.5.5
Stocking
66
1.5.6
Management Units
66
1.6
Utilization
66
1.6.1
Markets
66
1.6.2
Harvesting
66
1.6.3
Other forest users
67
1.7
Capital investments
67
1.7.1
Roads
67
1.7.2
Buildings
67
1.7.3
Plants and Equipment
69
1.7.4
Communication facility
70
1.7.5
Water supplies
70
1.8
Administration
70
1.8.1
Organization
70
1.8.2
Manning levels
71
1.9
SOCIAL SERVICES
71
1.9.1
Education
71
1.9.2
Health
71
1.9.3
Religion
72
1.9.4
Power Supply
72
1.9.5
Entertainment
72
1.9.6
Shopping facilities
72
1.10
Social economic aspect
72
1.10.1
Land uses
72
1.10.2
Economic activities
72
1.10.3 Social economic impact
73
1.11
Research
73
1.11.1
Past research (within the past five years)
73
1.11.2
On going research
73
1.12
Constraints and opportunities
73
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CHAPTER TWO 75 2.0
DIRECTIVES
75
2.1
Overall goal
75
2.1.1
Wood production
75
2.1.2
Conservation
75
2.2
Specific objective
75
2.2.1
Silviculture
75
2.2.2
Capital investment
76
2.2.3
Human resources
76
2.2.4
Revenue generation
76
2.2.5
Utilization
76
2.2.6
Protection and conservation
76
2.2.7
Resource assessment 77
2.3
STRATEGIC TARGETS
77
2.3.1
Silviculture
77
2.3.1.1
Species
77
2.3.1.2
Nursery operations
77
2.3.1.3
Planting area
78
2.3.1.4
Tending operation
78
2.3.2
Capital investment
78
2.3.2.1
Roads
78
2.3.2.2
Buildings
79
2.3.2.3
Communication facilities
79
2.3.2.4
Vehicles, plants and equipment
79
2.3.2.5
Water supply
79
2.3.2.6
Electricity
79
2.3.2.7
Social welfare services
79
2.3.3
Human resources
80
2.3.3.1
Manning levels
80
2.3.3.2
Training needs
80
2.3.4
Revenue generation
80
2.3.5
Utilization
80
2.3.5.1
Allowable cut 80
2.3.6
Protection and conservation
80
2.3.6.1
Protection against fire, diseases etc
80
2.3.6.2
Rehabilitation and conservation of degraded areas and biotopes
81 9
2.3.7
Resource assessment
81
2.3.7.1
Survey and mapping
81
2.3.7.2
Inventory
81
2.3.8
Reserch
81
2.3.8.1
Reseach areas
81
CHAPTER THREE
82
3.0
82
PRESCRIPTION
3.1 SILVICUTURE
82
3.1.1
Nursery operation
82
3.1.1.1
Species
82
3.1.1.2
Soil mixture
82
3.1.1.2.1 Soil ingredients
82
3.1.1.3
83
Seedling raising techniques
3.1.1.3.1 Pot sizes
83
3.1.1.3.2 Sowing technique 83 3.1.1.3.3 Seedbed (sawing density)
83
3.1.1.4
83
Nursery tending technique
3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime
83
3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary operation
84
3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out
84
3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning
84
3.1.1.4.5 Nursery calendar
84
3.1.2 Planting
84
3.1.2.1
Land preparation
84
3.1.2.1.1 Mechanical land preparation
84
3.1.2.1.2 Manual land preparation
84
3.1.2.2
Spacing
85
3.1.2.3
Pit size
85
3.1.2.4
Timing
85
3.1.2.5
Planting stock size
85
3.1.2.6
Survival assessment for replanting and beating up
86
3.1.3
Tending operations
86
3.1.3.1
Weeding
86
3.1.3.1.1 Frequency
86
3.1.3.1.2 Types 86 10
3.1.3.1.3 Methods
86
3.1.3.2
Pruning
87
3.1.3.2.2 Heights
87
3.1.3.2.3 Frequency
88
3.1.3.2.4 Methods
93
3.1.3.2.5 Types
93
3.1.3.3
93
Thinning
3.1.3.3.1 Timing
93
3.2
96
Capital Investments
3.2.1 Roads
96
3.2.1.1
Road construction
96
3.2.1.2
Road maintenance
97
3.2.2
Buildings
97
3.2.2.1
Building construction
97
3.2.2.2. Building maintenance
97
3.2.2.2.1 Maintenance frequency
97
3.2.2.2.2 Methods of maintenance
98
3.2.3.
98
Vehicles, plants, Equipment and Tools.
3.2.3.1. Procuremenet
98
3.2.3.1.1. Types 98 3.2.3.2. Maintenance
98
3.2.3.2.1 Maintenance frequency
98
3.2.3.2.2 Replacement
99
3.2.4
Communication facilities
99
3.2.4.1
Procurement
99
3.2.4.1.1. Type
99
3.2.4.2
Maintenance
99
3.2.4.3
Replacement
99
3.2.4.3.1 Depreciation
99
3.2.5
Water supply
99
3.2.5.1
Sources
99
3.2.5.2
Supply systems
100
3.2.5.3
Quality and quantity
100
3.2.6
Social services
100
3.2.6.1
Types
100
3.3
Human resources
100 11
3.3.1
Human resources Development
100
3.3.1.1
Training plan
100
3.3.2
Recruitment
101
3.4
Revenue generation 101
3.4.1
Source of revenue
101
3.4.2
Control of revenue collection
101
3.5
Utilization
101
3.5.1
Harvesting plan
101
3.5.1.1
Clear felling
101
3.5.2
Sales
103
3.5.2.1
Prices
103
3.5.2.2
Method of sale
103
3.5.2.3
Markets
103
3.6
Protection and Conservation
106
3.6.1
Prevention
106
3.6.1.1
Fire Plan
106
3.6.1.2
Control plan for diseases and pests
106
3.6.2
Rehabilitation
107
3.6.2.1
Assessment for rehabilitation
107
3.6.2.2
Methods of rehabilitation
107
3.7
Resource Assessment
107
3.7.1
Timing
107
3.7.2
Methodology
107
3.8
Organization 107
3.8.1
Organigram
12
107
CHAPTER 4.0
FOUR ESTIMATES SUMMARY OF ESTIMATES (TSHS) CHAPTER FIVE
109 109 67 66
5.0 APPENDICES
66
5.1
ROADS
78
5.2
FIRE BREAK
78
5.3
SHUME PLANTATION
79
5.4
SHAGAYU PLANTATION
79
5.5
FIRELOOKOUT AND PATROL
80
5.6
COMMUNICATIONS 80
5.7
FIRE FIGHTING STANDBY CREW:
80
5.8
TRANSPORT AND EQUIPMENTS
80
5.9
WARNING NOTICE
80
5.10
TRAINING
81
5.11
FIRE FIGHTING
81
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Seedlings raised and areas planted
5
Table 2: Harvesting Trend
5
Table 3: Revenue Collection Trend
6
Table 4: Subdivision of plantation area at Shume Forest Plantation.
6
Table 5: Standing volume by age class
62
Table 6: Volume by species
63
Table 7: Age class distribution by species,area and percentage area
64
Table 8: Site class distribution by species
64
Table 9: List of buildings for Shume Forest Plantation
69
Table 10: Existing vehicle, plants, & equipment
69
Table 11: Staff Establishment
71
Table 12: Thinning schedule for P.patula, Cupressus lustanica and Grevillea robusta
78
Table 13: Planting and Beating up schedule
85
Table 14: Compartments for prunning
88
Table 15: Thinning compartments for shume forest plantation
94
Table 16: Forecasted revenue during the plan 2013/14 - 2017/18
101
Table 17: Compartments to be cleafelling
102
Table 18: Prices for timber sales at Shume Forest Plantation
103
Table 19: Processing capacity shume forest plantation.
104
Table 20: Running, maintainance and procurement of vehicles
109
Table 21: Office administration
110
Table 22: Silvicultural needs, forest protection, road maintenance and maintanence
of buildings
14
66
LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: Average monthly rainfall from 2012-2013 Shume forest Plantation
61
Figure 2: Iindicates the Age class distribution by volume in percentage for growing
stock at Shume.
63
Figure 3: Organisation chart
108
LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Rest House
68
Plate 2: Shume West range house
68
Plate 3:Seedlings at Gologolo Nursery
77
Plate 4:Renovated house at Shume East range
79
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Annual rainfall data 66 Appendix 2: Compartment register for Shume Forest Plantation
66
Appendix 3: Nursery calender
77
Appendix 4: Research activities at Shume Forest Plantation
53
Appendix 5: Distance from gologolo to neighbouring towns and villages
54
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INTRODUCTION This management plan is a framework document detailed actions to be undertaken to reach and achieve specified goals and objectives.The forest policy recognise forest management plans as important instruments to ensure sustainable forest management. An inventory that was conducted during November 2012 by the TFS inventory team has given reliable source of data for compilation of this management draft plan. This plan draft is expected to be valid for five years as from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. The plan contains four main section namely Descriptive, Directives, Prescription and appendices. The management draft plan is expected to be the basic of all activities and budget during a period of its implementation. The annual work plans and the performance budgets are expected to reflect the management plan. The plan is however flexible in the sense that it will need to be revised whenever necessary in order to meet the expected objectives and goals. In this plantation there are introduction of new species such Grevillea robusta, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius was done to reduce the effects of monoculture following the outbreak of Cinara cupressi aphids and which threatened to wipe out Cuppressus lusitanica tree species which was the major species grown in West Kilimanjaro Forest Plantation in the first rotation. Major species planted are Pinus patula and Cupressus lusitanica. On implementation of this Management Plan the Forest Manager shall observe the following: 1. Read and understand clearly the contents of the plan. 2. Carefully make use of the forestry resources i.e land, trees, labour, capital (funds, tools,machines,equipments) in the right time so as to obtain maximum achievement of objectives as stipulated herein. 3. Choose the shortest effective and economical methods to achieve maximum targets stipulated in this set up. 4. Should be prepared to take risks in order to achieve something. 5. Ensure that the best returns (revenue or production) against all marketable resources or products are reached. 6. Organize jobs and weigh the results by giving a close follow up of the planned jobs by keeping up to date information for comparison and control of targets and costs.
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1 T
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17
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
DESCRIPTIO N OF THE PLANTATION
1.1
Location
The Shume Forest plantation is located in the Western part of Usambara Mountains in Lushoto District, Tanga Region. 1.1.1 Position
The Shume forest plantation appears on the map that was prepared by the University of HelsinkiFinland, department of forest mensuration and management in 1986 and is available in the office. Also some latest photo mosaic, on the scale of 1:10000 is available in the office. The plantation is divided into four major plantation blocks, includes Shume West, Shume East, Shagayu, Magamba blocks. Magamba block is located about 10km North of Lushoto township and Shume Block (Gologolo), 27km North of Lushoto township along Magamba –Gologolo road between 4042’S and 38015’E. Shagayu Block is situated about 25km from Shume –Gologolo at 4033’S and 38015’E. 1.1.2 Accessibility
The main access to the plantation is from Tanga –Moshi main road. The distance from Tanga to Shume forest plantation can be reached by continuing the road via the so-called Grewal Sawmill (17.6km) from Lushoto township) to Gologolo, where the forest office and one nursery tree are situated. A loop road provided the main access within Shume Block to the West, via Shume old station to Manolo village and East via Viti village, then turning West to Manolo again. By continuing the road from Manolo village, Shagayu block can be reached, some 52.8 km from Lushoto Township on the Northward direction (See Appendix 7).
1.2
HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE PLANTATION
1.2.1 History
The Germans felled trees from natural forest in Shume block, their aim was to exploit wood from the natural forests and later, little planting was done in 1900,s. No further planting took place until after the First World War, when the British administration was in power.
Planting of Cedar started again in 1922 with some annual fluctuation until 1930’s when other softwood 18
species were introduced. The new species were Cupressus lustanica, Pinus patula and Pinus radita. Most of the plantations were established by the method of licensed cultivation on cleared natural forests. People were issued with temporary permits to reside and farm in forest reserves and in turn they offered their labour force for various forest activities, including forest establishment and protection. Later as the plantation matured, they were clear felled and people were allowed plots to cultivate food crops, along side with young trees. This is known as Taungya system. Forest Division by that time never incurred costs for land preparation and weeding on large scale. Plantations in Shagayu block were started in 1956 with cypress and some hardwood trials. 1.2.2
Legal status and ownership
The Government of Tanzania owns the plantations. The area and boundaries of this reserve are defined in the Government notice No. 417 of 6th September 1963. The Shagayu Block occupies part of Western part of Shagayu forest reserve, which is a legal constituted central Government forest reserve. The area and boundaries are shown in the forest ordinance and on map JB517. 1.2.3
Progress of the Plantation for the last Management Plan
The performance of the forest plantation for the last five years was good. However, the performance was affected by various challages which include; inadequate forest staff to execute forest operations according to the APOs; obsolete and inadequate vehicles and machines (plants) for different operations; very high running and maintenance costs of old vehicles and machines; delay or failure to get trees seeds from Tree Seed Agency (TTSA); This has hindered the management to undertake most of the forest operations including road maintenance, patrol and general administration tasks and productivity of tree nurseries. The summary of performance of the plantation is shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 below. Table 1: Seedlings raised and areas planted Targets of Seedlings raised
No. of Seedlings raised
Targets of tree planting (ha)
Achievements (ha)
2008/09
200,000
340,077.1
300
306.1
2009/10
200,000
382,184
330
344
2010/11
200,000
218,867
197
197
2011/12
200,000
129,431.5
116.5
116.5
2012/13
200.000
156,095.5
143
140.5
TOTAL
1,000,000
1,226,655.1
1086.5
1104.1
Year
19
Table 2: Harvesting Trend M3 harvested Year
Sawlogs (m3)
2008/09
16,176
2009/10
16,633
2010/2011
20,567
2011/12
24,463
2012/13
23,400
Total
101,239
Table 3: Revenue Collection Trend Year Collections (TZS)
20
21
Land
841
842.11
346.9
643.3
2673.3
SHUME EAST
MAGAMBA
SHAGAYU
TOTAL
PINES
SHUME WEST
RANGE
890.64
31.1
24.54
330.9
504.1
CYPRESS
18.9
10
0.9
8
0
AF
0.7
0.7
0
0
0
vitex
0.9
0
0.9
0
0
MIXED PINES & CYPRESS
133.34
0
128.84
4.5
0
MEL ANOXYLINE
68.2
0
53.5
1.7
13
EU
Table 4: Subdivision of plantation area at Shume Forest Plantation.
185.1
0
10
0
175.1
GREVILLEA
41.8
0
41.8
0
0
CINNAMOMUM
The total plantation area is about 4303.61 hectares, subdivided as shown in Table 4 below.
1.3.1 Area
1.3
71.7
26.7
0
25.9
19.1
FIRELINE
84.1
6.9
77.2
0
0
NATURAL
63.9
6.9
0
0
57
OPEN
71.3
0
44.6
2.5
24.2
TRIAL
4303.9
725.6
729.18
1215.61
1633.5
TOTAL
1.3.2 Topography
The topography of this land is undulating. A large part of land in Shume and Shagayu range lies between 1967 and 1970 m.a.s.l. At Magamba, the altitude varies between 1650 and 1960 m.a.s.l. The land drops away sharply in the West of Shume on the edge of West Usambara scarp. At Shagayu the land drops away to the east up to the Umba steppe. Sungwi peak dominates the Shume and Magamba area, rising to about 2120 m.a.s.l. The Shagayu peak is the highest in the Shagayu area, being 2090 m.a.s.l. Slopes are steep to gentle undulating and at their base they form narrow flat valleys. The steep slopes are cut by numerous gullies, some of which carry permanent streams but others carry water only during wet season. 1.3.3 Geology and soils
The geology consists of complex series of ancient metamorphic rocks assigned to the Usambara system of the Precambrian. The rocks types may be described textually as graisses and are often intruded by quartsite veins. Due to complex fold movements which have affected the rocks, much repetition of outcrop occurs although the rock sequence tends to be rather uniform. The soils are mainly loams varying in colour from red through gray brown to black. They are rich in minerals like Iron, magnesium and manganese. They have varying amounts of sand and are inclined to be difficult on roads when wet. They are resistant to erosion under moderate conditions, but if heavily worked under open cultivation they become highly erodable. In the wetter areas there is normally an accumulation of dark humus in top soil with pH values of 3.0 to 3.5. The camphor forest areas have acid soil reaction. In the drier areas particularly in the cedar forest, the humus layer is absent and soils are red, deep, and uniform. The soils have developed from reddish to reddish brown, rich soils from the first weathering process to lighter coloured yellowish white nodular soils due to chemical weathering. 1.3.4 Vegetation
The vegetation of the area prior to clearing and planting of trees were generally of two main types: a) CAMPHOR PODO TYPE (Montane rain forest) The southern portion of Shume, Sungwi, Hambalawei and Shagayu were under this type of vegetation. It is described as sparce Camphor (Ocotea usambarensis) with some Podo (Podocarpus usambarensis and Podocurpus pensiculy) and dense undergrowth of Lansthus cirumilee and other shrubs. Other species associated with it include Ficalhoa, Pygium, Rapanea, Fagaropsis and Cassipourea spp. b) CEDAR FOREST TYPE (Montane Dry Forest) The Northern and Western portions of Shume area were under this type of vegetation. It is 22
described as mainly cedar (Juniperus procera) with a thick shrub understorey. Thickets consisting Fuclea, Teclea and Catha, again with thick undergrowth are intermitted with cedar type. 1.3.5 Biodiversity
Varieties of plant and animal species exist in areas close and within Shume Forest plantation. These include varieties of birds (owls, swifts,vipanga, mwewe, kware, etc), insects (butterflies, ants, beetles, millipedes and centipedes, etc), reptile (chameleons, lizards, snakes) and animal like warthogs, hares,colubus monkeys, baboons, rock rabbits, ballons,etc. Several plant species exist also, including indigenous tree species such as Podo, Cedar and Camphor. Other plants include a wide range of grasses, herbs and shrubs. 1.3.6 Hydrology
Within the plantation area there are both annual and perennial streams. The Shume Block forms part of the Mkusu watershed that drains into the Mkomazi River and part of the scarp watershed which also drains into Mkomazi River on the plains below. Some perennial streams at Shagayu form parts of the watershed for the Umba River to the East and the Ruvu River to the West. There are also many other streams, which flows from the Forest Reserve to the low land areas, forming rivers that pour water to the Indian Ocean. 1.3.7
Special features and sites
There are few sites /features within and around the plantation area, which may be considered for recreation purposes, as well as tourists’ attraction. A site known as “Jiwe la Mungu” which is situated within Shume Block and a viewpoint nearby are among special sites, whereby a wide area below the cliff can be viewed. A skyline from Sungwi (upper landing) to Mkumbara (lower landing) is also regarded as a special feature in the area. Tembo Chipboards Company has designed it for carrying harvested logs, and it covers a distance of about 1-km.
1.4
Climate
The area enjoys a healthy, temperate climate, which for several months of the year it is positively cold. 1.4.1 Mean rainfall
The average rainfall in the southern portion of Shume, Shagayu and Magamba is about 700 mm per annum, whereas the northern portion of Shume range has an average rainfall between 630-750mm per annum. This is a rain shadow area, according to the schedule of the rainfull in our areas planting operations lies between November-march. 23
See rainfall data from 2012 to 2013
Figure 1: Average monthly rainfall from 2012-2013 Shume forest Plantation
1.4.2 Rainfall distribution and reliability
There are two distinct rain seasons in the plantation area: Long rains from mid March to May and short rains from November to December. Minor and unreliable season, the “Mlwati�, occurs in August/September. The rainy periods at Shagayu are not as marked as those of Shume range. They sometimes persist from November to April. During the months of June to September, it is normally dry and cold throughout the plantation area. Northern portion of Shume block with an average rainfall of between 630-750mm per annual is a rain shadow area. 1.4.3 Temperature
During the coldest months (May-August) the average mean temperature is 70C, while the hottest months of September to April the average mean temperature varies from 70C to 260C. 1.4.4
Humidity
In the drier but colder areas of Sungwi and Shume/Magamba, which still retain considerable forest cover, there is more favourable moisture status as rates of evaporation are low.
24
1.4.5
Wind
The prevailing winds blow from South to East during April- October and in November to March they blow from North to East. Heavy mists occur in June and July and often frost occurs in valleys.
1.5
Growing stock
The forest growing stock was determined by way of forest inventory and subsequent analyses. The details are provided in the following subsections The forest inventory field work started in November 2012 with 64 staff from Forest Plantations, Zonal TFS Offices and District forest offices. Inventory methodology was designed and adopted from the first phase of the forest inventory conducted in 2007/08 with some technical modification proposed by Forest Plantation Managers in the Iringa Workshop held in June 2012. The workshop was facilitated by the ForestCalc ® Inventory version 6 © 1998–2012 software developer Lauri Vesa from Finland. The description of this methodology is detailed in the Field Manual prepared by the Forest and Beekeeping Division (URT, 2008). Main tree species planted are (mainly P.patula) Cypress (C.lusitanica) Acacia mearnsii Mixed softwoods Grevillea robusta Eucalyptus spp Camphor A.melanoxylon and others including natural forest With the introduction of Logging Miscellaneous Deposit Account (LMDA), in 2000, large part of open areas has been planted during the last plan period. Despite of additional open areas that were formerly under Magamba Catchment Forest, the current trend of replanting reflects some normality of the plantation. The age class and species distribution is still uneven. Silvicultural operations continued to be undertaken and this gives some indication of improvement of many growth rates and timber volumes. Shume Forest Plantation has a total standing volume of 154,000m3. However, a large volume which constitutes 49% (Table 5) lies between the age of 11 and 15 years. This implies that large volume of the plantation is at middle age class. Table 5: Standing volume by age class Age (yrs)
Area (ha)
Volume (m3)
volume in %
0-5
957.94
21,510.00
4.9
6,-10
999.04
78,160
17.8
11,-15
1440.21
218,034.98
49.6
16-20
395.9
78,550
17.9
21-25
210.1
42,083
9.6
5.8
1,629
0.4
4008.99
439,966.87
100.0
26+ Total
25
Figure 2: indicates the Age class distribution by volume in percentage for growing stock at Shume.
Age class distribution shows that the area with high frequency is between 11 to 15 years as shown in Table 6 Table 6: Volume by species No.
Species
1
Pinus patula
2
Cupressus lustanica
3
Grevillea robusta
4
Olea and others
5
Eucalyptus maidenii
Total
Â
26
Volume (m3)
Volume in % 331,929.05
75.4
80,633
18.3
9,553
2.2
12,171
2.8
5,681
1.3
439,966.87
100.0
Table 7: Age class distribution by species,area and percentage area
Area/ Species AF AC
Age class Open area
PP
CL
GR
EU
PR
VK
JP
CC
Total
Open area
63.9
63.9
Natural forests
84.1
84.1
Fireline Trial compartments Less than 5
71.7
71.7
75.1
75.1
512.6
295.54
58.7
28.9
9.2
6 to 10
349.2
337.4
102.7
42.9
31.9
11 to 15
1354.21
50.3
16 to 20
383.9
12
21 to 25
14
196.1
Greater than 25
891.34
185.2
75.7
Total
294.8
2613.91
23.8
3.9
41.1
4
0.9
46.4
957.94
37.8
10.2
86.94
999.04
1440.2
395.9
210.1
1.7
8
0.7
5.1
0.7
6.8
41.8
19.1
5.8 133.34
4303.8
1.5.1Site classes Shume forest plantation falls in site classes II- V For P. patula and C. lustanica. Most of the compartiment (52) lies under site class IV out of total compartments (152). However p patula dominates in all site classes. Hardwoods species were not classified. Table 8: Site class distribution by species, area and compartments Site Class I II III IV V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Species
No. of Compts per species
Pp
0
Cl
0
Pp
22
Cl
11
Pp
25
Cl
9
Pp
39
Cl
13
Pp
20
Cl
13
Total Compts per Site Class 0 33 34 52 33
RANGES
CMPT
SPP
SHAGAYU
SHG43
CL
AREA 17.7
P/YR 2007
SITE CLASS II
SHUME EAST
SHE183
CL/PP
25.6
2007
II
SHUME EAST
SHE189
CL/PP
21
2006
II
SHUME EAST
SHE43A
CL/PP
18.3
2006
II
SHUME WEST
SHW45A
CL/PP
13.3
2006
II
SHUME WEST
SHW80
CL
8.6
2006
II
SHUME EAST
SHE141B
CL
3
2006
II
SHUME EAST
SHE42
CL
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW45
CL/PP
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW44
SHUME EAST SHUME WEST MAGAMBA WEST
1.4
2006
II
10.1
2003
II
CL
6.1
2003
II
SHE64
CL
8.6
1998
II
SHW69
PP/PR
0.3
2007
II
MGW43
PP
6.8
2007
II
27
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW27
PP
10.1
2006
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW29
PP
19.5
2006
II
SHUME WEST
SHW43
PP
14.3
2006
II
SHUME EAST
SHE140
PP
2.4
2005
II
SHUME EAST
SHE146
PP
25.4
2005
II
SHUME WEST
SHW53
PP
1.2
2004
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW14
PP
0.6
2004
II
SHUME EAST
SHE188
PP
15.2
2004
II
SHUME WEST
SHW50
PP
19
2003
II
SHAGAYU
SHG47
PP
26.6
2003
II
SHAGAYU
SHG41
PP/OC
0.5
2002
II
SHAGAYU
SHG42
PP
0.5
2002
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW13
PP
3.1
2001
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW15
PP
1.8
2001
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW22
PP
0.2
2001
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW31
PP
1.3
2001
II
SHUME EAST
SHE60
PP
1.6
2000
II
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW33
PP
1.5
1999
II
SHUME WEST
SHW135
PP
2.4
1998
II
SHAGAYU
SHG32
PP
0.1
1998
II
TOTAL
SHUME WEST
SHW111
CL
5.2
2007
III
SHUME WEST
SHW37
CL
8.4
2006
III
SHUME WEST
SHW79
CL
0.8
2006
III
SHUME WEST
SHW95
CL
8
2006
III
SHUME WEST
SHW98
CL
4.7
2006
III
SHUME WEST
SHW99
CL
2.8
2006
III
SHUME EAST
SHE186
CL
26.5
2005
III
SHUME EAST
SHE159
CL/PP
2.6
2003
III
SHUME WEST
SHW96
CL
19.5
1998
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW26
PP
7
2007
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW37
PP
0.7
2007
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW42
PP
4.3
2007
III
SHUME EAST
SHE141A
PP
38.6
2006
III
SHUME EAST
SHE181B
PP
6
2006
III
SHUME EAST
SHE187
PP
23.9
2006
III
SHUME WEST
SHW5
PP
54
2004
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW11
PP
2.4
2004
III
SHUME EAST
SHE163
PP
2.5
2003
III
SHUME EAST
SHE173A
PP
6
2003
III
SHAGAYU
SHG46
PP
88
2002
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW34
PP
3.4
2002
III
SHUME EAST
SHE192
PP
7.3
2002
III
SHAGAYU
SHG9
PP
12.3
2001
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW16
PP
3.1
2001
III
SHUME WEST
SHW88
PP
20.4
2000
III
SHUME WEST
SHW129
PP
25.9
1999
III
SHUME WEST
SHW130
PP
8.8
1999
III
SHUME WEST
SHW86
PP
22.5
1999
III
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW1
PP
5.6
1999
III
28
288.1
30 31 32 33 34
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW28
PP/EU
6.6
1998
III
SHUME WEST
SHW114
PP
1.3
1998
III
SHUME EAST
SHE160B
PP
2
1998
III
SHAGAYU
SHG31
PP
65.4
1997
III
SHAGAYU
SHG23
PP
7.4
1993
III
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
SHUME EAST
SHE44
CL/PP
SHUME WEST
SHW35
SHUME WEST
SHW106
SHUME WEST
SHW102
CL
SHUME EAST
SHE185
CL/PP
SHUME WEST
SHW78
CL/PP
SHUME WEST
SHW93
SHUME EAST
SHE157
SHUME EAST
SHE180
SHUME EAST
SHE65
SHUME WEST
SHW84
SHUME EAST
SHE66
SHUME WEST
SHW85
SHUME WEST
SHW107
SHUME WEST
SHW32
SHUME EAST
SHE190
SHUME WEST
503.9
1.4
2006
IV
CL
28.1
2006
IV
CL
9
2006
IV
1.3
2006
IV
22.5
2004
IV
9.8
2003
IV
CL
20.5
2003
IV
CL
2.7
2002
IV
CL/PP
19.5
1999
IV
CL
47.3
1992
IV
CL
3.2
1990
IV
CL
63.7
1990
IV
CL/EU/PP
12
1990
IV
PP/CL
2.2
2006
IV
PP
19.5
2006
IV
PP/AC/CL
38.1
2002
IV
SHW10B
PP
105
2002
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW10C
PP
108
2002
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG10
PP
20.2
2002
IV
SHUME EAST
SHE197A
PP
58.7
2002
IV
SHUME EAST
SHE198A
PP
15.7
2002
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW138
PP
21
2001
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW121
PP
18.4
2001
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW49
PP
20
2001
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG36
PP
60
2001
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW2
PP
96
2001
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW32
PP
9.1
2001
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW87
PP
5.5
2000
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW89
PP
13.1
2000
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW90
PP
3.3
2000
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW92
PP
40.4
2000
IV
SHUME EAST
SHE61
PP
6.4
2000
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW125
PP
29.2
1999
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG7
PP
58
1999
IV
SHUME EAST
SHE145
PP
5.4
1999
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW82
PP
8.6
1999
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW110B
PP
3
1998
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG2
PP
31.8
1998
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW3
PP
7.5
1998
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW30
PP
6.6
1998
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG5
PP
6.1
1998
IV
SHUME EAST
SHE62A
PP
40
1997
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW116
PP
0.4
1996
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW4
PP
49.4
1996
IV
29
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
SHAGAYU
SHG11
PP
41.1
1995
IV
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW52B
PP
7.5
1995
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG18
PP
54.7
1995
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG12
PP
51.3
1993
IV
SHAGAYU
SHG17
PP
49.8
1993
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW54B
PP
7
1992
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW70
PR
11
2007
IV
SHUME WEST
SHW73
PR
10.3
2007
IV
TATOL
SHUME WEST
SHW30
CL
2.9
2007
V
SHUME WEST
SHW115
CL
19
2007
V
SHUME EAST
SHE43B
CL/PP
4
2006
V
SHUME WEST
SHW39
CL
3.3
2006
V
SHUME WEST
SHW40
CL
6.5
2006
V
SHUME WEST
SHW41
CL
8.5
2006
V
SHUME EAST
SHE184
CL/PP
16
2004
V
SHAGAYU
SHG45
CL
0.5
2003
V
SHUME EAST
SHE62B
CL
6
1997
V
SHUME WEST
SHW104
CL
6
1997
V
SHUME WEST
SHW54A
CL/PP
46
1992
V
SHUME EAST
SHE160A
CL/EU
5.9
1991
V
SHUME EAST
SHE179
CL
18
1990
V
SHUME WEST
SHW71
PP/PR
14.2
2007
V
SHUME WEST
SHW27
PP
21.6
2007
V
SHUME WEST
SHW33
PP
0.5
2006
V
SHAGAYU
SHG25
PP
4.4
2003
V
SHUME EAST
SHE191
PP
0.8
2002
V
SHUME WEST
SHW112
PP
7
2001
V
SHUME EAST
SHE46
PP
101
2001
V
SHUME EAST
SHE57
PP
39.2
2000
V
SHUME EAST
SHE58
PP
19.4
2000
V
SHUME EAST
SHE56
PP
39.2
2000
V
SHUME WEST
SHW91
PP
33.1
1999
V
SHUME EAST
SHE193
PP
6.9
1999
V
SHUME EAST
SHE194
PP
41.31
1999
V
SHUME EAST
SHE161
PP/EU/AC
4.8
1998
V
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW25
PP
0.7
1998
V
SHUME EAST
SHE182
PP
45.5
1998
V
SHAGAYU
SHG40
PP
0.4
1997
V
SHUME EAST
SHE63
PP
16.5
1997
V
MAGAMBA WEST
MGW24
PP
7
1991
V
SHUME WEST
SHW74
PR
10.6
2006
V
TOTAL
1380.3
556.71
Compartments less than 5 years, hardwoods,trial plots and firewood complies 1258ha
30
1.5.2
Growth rates and Rotation
During this plan period 154,045m³ is predicted to be harvested from softwoods.Rotation is a certain repeated life span of stands from establishment to clearfelling. Ideal rotation is the stand between establishment of the stand and culmination of MAI. It will provide the highest possible yield of an area. For a long time very simplified rotation schedule of 25 years for both pine and cypress has been practiced in all site classes, for planning purposes since 1980 certain growth and yield studies on Cupressus lusitanica in Kenya (mathu and Philip 1979) found a very flat culmination of MAI at 22 – 25 years of age. Shortening the rotation to 20 years or prolonging it to 30 years would furthermore not change MAI much. In our case the rotation age for our plantation will be 22 years. 1.5.3 Allowable cut
There is a severe loss of production due to unevenness of the age class distribution and also due to vast open areas that were not replanted after clearfelling in the past years. Currently the annual allowable cut is 30,809m3 mainly comprised of softwoods, P.patula and C.lustanica (Appendix 5, Form .4). 1.5.4 Health and vitality
During the end of last plan period, dieback of cypress has dramatically reduced. Hopefully the aphid attack is phasing out, although this has yet been studied. Pines (P.patula and few P.radiata) continued to grow well, despite mortality of some P.patula trees in some compartments this is due to hard pan in most areas of our plantation. Monkey damage especially in cypress stands is severe. The trees are stripped or break the shoots making trees susceptible to fungal attack and other pathogenic infections. Emphasis has been done to protect the forest through participatory approaches to the nearest local community (Gologolo, Mavumo and Nywelo villages). Windfalls are common and mainly affect the shallow rooted Cypress. Cypress is more susceptible than pines. The climate in the area is favourable for tree growth. Drought in the area is not common, but some stands in Shume block face long dry periods with less rainfall. 1.5.5
Stocking
Due to efforts done in tending operations including timely thinning the stocking in the plantation is turning towards an even stock and age class distribution. However some compartments are understocked especial in magamba block.
31
1.5.6
Management Units
The plantation is broken into units called compartments (physically defined areas, by physical or artificial boundaries, separated either by ridges, valleys, public/forest roads and / or watercourses). Plantable area of the whole plantation is divided into compartments of various sizes (Appendix 5, Form.2).
1.6
Utilization
Existence of large area of bare land that was not replanted after the final felling during the past few years has resulted into a severe loss of production. The consequence has been disappearance of the potential for sustainable utilization of the plantation in the long term. 1.6.1 Markets
The demand for sawn timber at present is extremely high in the region while the supply is low. TCB and Saw miller’s demand of sawlogs is very high compared with supply of sawlogs from the plantation (Appendix 5, Form.6). Number of customers for softwood (Pines and Cypress) has been increased yearly. It also shows that most of sawn timber is transported out of the District, places like Tanga, Moshi, Arusha, Morogoro, Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. Most of wood is used for construction purposes and for furniture making. 1.6.2 Harvesting
Harvesting is done by clearfelling of mature stands and thinning of young stands. Harvesting should follow the Management Plan, which will earmark compartments to be clear felled as well as those to be thinned in addition to other silvicultural activities required, the plantation staff identifies felling areas, measure and record volumes to be removed, prepare felling coupes and prepare bills. Customers are obliged to pay for felling license and settle their bills before actual harvesting. Mostly of the equipment used by our customers during harvesting is chain saw. The logging system used by customers at Shume forest is short wood system. Skidding is done mostly manually. The plantation staff has the responsibility to ensure that harvesting is carried out properly and wasteful practices avoided. Prices for tree products are determined in accordance with prevailing rules. (Appendix 3). 1.6.3
Other forest users
Besides TCB and saw millers who are the main customers of the plantation, other forest users include the adjacent communities (villagers) who depend on the forest for fire wood, building poles; also in our plantation we practice Tangya system according to by-laws, folder for sheep, goats and cattle as well as sources of water for domestic uses and irrigation. Villagers do use chemicals to protect their crops but that chemicals are not harmful to our trees.
32
1.7 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION 1.7.1. Forest Fires
Forest fire incidences have been minimal and not pronounced to cause alarm in Shume plantation. However, fire lines are present in all compartments with full maintenance. 1.7.2. Pests and Diseases
The only known disease at Shume Forest Plantation is, yellowing and drying caused by environmental stress which causes exudates and resulted to poor growth
1.8 Capital investments 1.8.1
Roads
The present road density at Shume and Magamba is 20 km per 40 hectares and at Shagayu is 25 km per 40 hectares. The total length of existing roads in the plantation (forest roads) is 210 km. No new roads would be constructed. 1.8.2 Buildings
a)
c) d)
Shume range – the Gologolo forest station is the administrative center for the project, at which are situated the office, stores, workshop, dispensary, staff quarters and a welfare social hall. There is a nucleus of staff quarter and office at Hambalawei range and two staff quarters at Manolo village. Shagayu range –The sub administrative center is within the plantation area with the office and staff quarters. Magamba range- Nil A one rest house and twobuiliding have been renovated in Gologolo Forest Station.
Plate 1: REST HOUSE
b)
33
e) Also we managed to renovate one staff building at shume range
Plate 2: Shume West range house
Plantation management carries out upkeep and maintenance of building. However, due to insufficient fund, the state of most buildings is extremely poor, and some staff quarters require major maintenance. A list of buildings is shown in Table 4 Table 9 List of buildings for Shume Forest Plantation Location Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Gologolo Shume Manolo Hambalawei Hambalawei Hambalawei Shagayu Shagayu Shagayu Shagayu
34
Type of building and grade Grade A Grae B Grade C Dispensary Office Community centre Garage Store Car shed Grade B Grade C Grade B Grade C Office Store Office Grade B Grade C
Number present 3 12 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 5 2
Remarks
Need major repair
They all need repair Needs major repair Need major repair Repair Repair
1.8.3 Plants and Equipment
A list of plant and equipment existing in the plantation and their condition is given in Table 5 below. In our plantation we have insufficient fire equipments. Table 10: Existing vehicle, plants, & equipment Reg. No
Make
Type
Size/capacity
Condition
Remarks
STK 1818
S/Wagon
NISSAN
1 ton
Very good
STG 2173
Lorry
Isuzu
7 ton
Poor
STK 361
S/wagon
NISSAN
1 ton
Good
Tractor
Kubota
3 ton
Fair
Registration in progress
CW
Tractor
Ford
3 ton
Poor
Need replacement
STH 3161
Lorry
Isuzu
3 ton
Good
Generator
DALE
18 HP
Very poor
Need Replacement
Water pump
Hathaway
Poor
To be w ritten-off
Need Replacement
1.8.4 Communication facility
The administrative center at Gologolo was once linked with telephone extension line from Lushoto via Magamba. However, the telephone is not operating this is due to absence of network, currently we have two fire towers which allocated at high altitude such a way we can detect fire easier, The post office is situated 27.2 km away from the station. 1.8.5 Water supplies
The two plantation blocks have permanent water supply from the stream sources with piped water for the station, domestic use, and nurseries. The capacity of water source to discharge water is 49500 litres per day for Gologolo village. Water is stored in a plastic reservoir tank near forest Manager’s house and discharged by gravity to residential. Hambalawei’s station is supplied from a dam by pipeline for the nursery and from the main line to the station. Shagayu draws water for the station from Mihoshai stream. Small dams have been constructed on some perennial streams for fire fighting. Magamba takes water from one stream close to the office. The station intake is 1 km from the station. The intake supplies water for both domestic and nursery uses.
35
1.9
Administration
1.9.1 Organization
A forest Manager who is directly answerable to the Chief Executive Officer, administers the plantation. Three Assistant Forest Managers assisting him.The plantation is divided into four main blocks. Forest assistant, Diploma/certificate holder, administers of those blocks. The blocks are further subdivided into smaller units called Ranges, for field administration. These are Shume, Sungwi, Kwekanda, under Shume west Block; gologolo, hambalawei under shume east Bokoboko, Sunga and Mbaramo under Shagayu block; Kibohelo, Kwemonko, Mkusu, Kifungilo and Malimbwi under Magamba block. There is insufficient number of workers in the plantation, Organization chart has been summarized in appendix 3. Main activities taking place in the plantations are seedling production, planting, tending operations (silvicultural activities), fire protection, harvesting of forest products, revenue collection and maintenance of roads, bridges and buildings. Each of these sections is under respective heads of sections. 1.8.2 Manning levels
The present staff strength and cadres is shown in Table 6. There are two categories of labour employed in the plantation. First the skilled labourers, employed on permanent terms in various jobs. The second category is the daily paid labourers, who are employed in various forest activities (silvicultural, logging, roads and protection operations subject to the requirements and funds availability. Table 11: Staff Establishment Category
No. Present
Additional required
Forest Officers
2
1
Forest Assistants
21
2 DIPLOMA 3 CERTIFICATES
Accounts clerks
1
Office attendants
1 for the office
Typist
Nil
1
Drivers
1
2
Stores attendant
Nil
1
Night watchmen
1
3
Technician
Nil
1
1.10 SOCIAL SERVICES 1.10.1 Education
There is a primary school and secondary school nearby forest station which is out of the management of the plantation. Also the plantation creating awereness on the benefit of forest.
36
1.10.2 Health
There is a dispensary (Gologolo dispensary) currently run by Lushoto District Council. MCHC (Mother & Child Health Care) services are also being provided at the dispensary. The available health services does not meet the demand of the workers and entire villages because of deficient of workers, equipments and medicine. 1.10.3 Religion
There are two Mosques nearby for Muslims, Two churches under Roman Catholic Church and another one under Lutheran Church. Also certan believers use the available social hall for worshipping. 1.10.4 Power Supply
Formally Gologolo forest station was supplied with electricity by a diesel engine generator set (Dale Engine) that has recently been grounded nowadays is not yet running, we request fund for installation of electricity. Magamba forest station is supplied with electricity from the National Grid under TANESCO. Shagayu forest station has no electricity power supply. 1.10.5 Entertainment
There is Welfare Social Hall but no any indoor games that is going on, but there are belivers use the hall for washiping.
1.10.6 Shopping facilities
There are various shops and “viosks� with variety of goods, together with two butcheries and few tearooms nearby.
1.11 Social economic aspect 1.11.1 Land uses
Main land uses are agriculture, forestry and beekeeping. A number of villages have livestock (mainly sheep and cow) and are encouraged to keep their animal indoors (zero grazing).Grazing is now not a serious ploblems because they applied zero grazing in their homested. 1.11.2 Economic activities
The people living in and around the plantation are of different tribes, with majority belonging to Sambaa tribe. They survive through cultivation of cash crops (Irish potatoes, vegetables) and some maintain beehives in the Natural forest. Others depend upon jobs in town and in sawmills. Livestock is widely owned, but constrained in access to grazing land.
37
1.11.3 Social economic impact
Peoples’ main problem is related to land shortage and weakened physical support environment for their water, climate, soil and natural product conservation. As quality of the forest has diminished the people hope for secure and legitimate access to the forest. Over a long time people have been anticipating that if they prove themselves good partners in forest management, their role and responsibility in management will increase and directly benefit accordingly.
1.12 Research 1.12.1 Past research (within the past five years)
No new research activities in the plantation 1.12.2 .On going research
Currently there are various research activities in the plantation which are carried out by Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI). SUA is carrying out research works at 8 plots. Description on objective of these research works is given in appendix 6. It should be noted that some of those experimental plots especially those under TAFORI can not be traced on the existing maps, neither on the ground.
1.12.3 Constraints and opportunities The condition of the plantation and plantation management has been similarly good over the past few years. However, with the availability of LMDA funds during the past plan period, comparatively vast areas of the plantation has been replanted and tended. The age class and species distribution is still uneven, although there is a trend towards normality. Equipment and transport facilities have fallen to inadequate levels, and existing ones are in poor condition. There has been lack of transparence in plots allocation for farming in plantation open areas, despite of this task (of allocating the plots) being assigned to the Joint Forest Management Committee under JFM. Today people around the plantation are facing secure situation with respect to the forest resources that surround them. They see the value of plantations and job opportunities in local sawmills. They see no illegal harvesting, fires and destruction of both plantation and natural forest. With the above opportunities (probably) the Government and the people around the forest reserves can develop a workable and effective partnership in forest management
38
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39
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
DIRECTIVES
2.1
Overall goal
The overall goal of the plantation is wood production and conservation of natural resources and environment in general. 2.1.1 Wood production
The objectives in wood production are: a) To sustain the yield of wood resources in perpetuity by producing enough and sound seedling for replanting and to protect the stands against diseases, insect pests, fire and animals. b) To utilize the wood resources as they become available in a regulated and economical manner. c) To create employment opportunities for rural population neighbouring the plantation. 2.1.2 Conservation
The objectives in conservation are: a) To maintain efficiently the total area currently under plantations and that part of the natural forest at Mlomboza Hill so as they act as water catchment and provide good water shed for the streams and rivers which emanates from them. b) To involve local communities live adjacent to the forest plantation in the management and protection of respective forest areas falling within their village boundaries. c) To preserve the biodiversity values within the forest estate.
2.2 Specific objective 2.2.1 Silviculture
a) To rehabilitate the plantation open areas by replanting 63.9 ha. b) Sustainable management of 4303.61 ha of plantation by proper weeding and other tending operations. 2.2.2 Capital investment
¡ To maintain the existing structures (buildings) so that they are in good order. ¡ To maintain the existing vehicles and plants so that they are in good working condition. ¡ To maintain the whole length of existing forest roads to allow smooth execution of forest operations. 2.2.3 Human resources
a) To ensure smooth running of personnel and administration matters of the plantation
40
2.2.4 Revenue generation
To improve harvesting, sales of forest products from the plantation 2.2.5 Utilization
To improve marketing of existing forest products from the plantation. 2.2.6 Protection and conservation
• • • • • • •
To protect both natural and plantation forests against forest fires, illegal logging and grazing, insect attack and diseases and wild life damage. To ensure that all water sources including riverine forests, steep slopes, valleys, are well protected by avoiding any kind of disturbance such as cultivation. To protect 4303.61 ha against fire, monkey damage, amphids and illegal harvesting. To ensure that all inter-compartment boundaries and fire lines are maintained by slashing and screefing. To maintain biodiversity (fauna and flora) which is available in the area? To create a harmonious environment with our neighbours for good communication and support. Maintain and intensify checkpoints for proper control of forest produce transportation from the forest
2.2.7 Resource assessment
To carry out map updating, survey and inventory of the plantation
2.3 STRATEGIC TARGETS 2.3.1 Silviculture
2.3.1.1 Species The main species to be planted at shume Forest Plantations includes Pinus patula, Grevillea robusta, Eucalyptus Spp and Cupressus lusitanica. The choice of species is based on performance, demand and fast growth species.
2.3.1.2 Nursery operations Improvement of the nurseries to raise seedlings of good quality in time and at a minimal cost.P. patula seedlings in the nurseries.
41
Plate 3: Seedlings at Gologolo Nursery
2.3.1.3 Planting area To ensure sustained yield of wood products, the Forest management should ensure that all clear felled areas are planted in time. Stands establishment should continue to use taungya system but under close supervision of Forest staff. Plots in clearfelled areas earmarked for planting are allocated to both plantation staff and surrounding villagers well in advance to ensure that land preparation is done before trees are planted. Allocation of plots is done by management after consultation with joint forest management (JFM). Growing of food crops while tending trees continues until canopy closure, making it impossible for further growth of food crops – usually 3 – 4 years
2.3.1.4 Tending operation Thinning is necessary to enhance diameter increment. The thinning schedule indicated in technical order no 1 of 2003 should continue to be applied. According to thinning schedule, 460 trees are removed at the first thinning and 250 trees are removed at the second thinning, leaving the growing stock of 650 and 400 trees respectively. Due to low stocking in young stands, priority is given to second thinnings during the plan period. The thinnings are selective and priority for removals is defective and diseased trees. Thinnings are done by customers. Some of the specieses do not need thinning thus is due to purpose of the stand established. The thinning schedule is shown in Table 12.
42
Table 12 Thinning schedule for P.patula, Cupressus lustanica and Grevillea robusta S/No
Activity
Age (yrs)
Number of Stems per hectare Before thinning
After thinning
Trees to be cut
1
Planting
0
1111
2
1st Thinning
10
1111
650
460
3
2nd Thinning
15
650
400
250
4
Clearfelling
25
400
-
400
5
Planting
0
1111
2.4 Capital investment
2.4.1 Roads To maintain the existing plantation roads by year 2013/2018
2.4.2 Buildings To maintain 20 staff houses, office and a social hall.
Plate 4: Renovated house at Shume East range
2.4.3 Communication facilities To install internet facility within the plantation
2.4.4 Vehicles, plants and equipment To run and maintain plants and vehicles and equipment
43
2.4.5 Water supply Rehabilitation of water supply for domestic and nursery uses.
2.4.6 Electricity To installing electilicity from the national grid.
2.4.7 Social welfare services a) To improve social welfare services in terms of entertainment, shopping facilities, games and sports facilities. 2.5 Human resources
2.5.1 Manning levels a) To monitor and supervise the existing staff. b) To ensure effective general administration of the plantation.
2.5.2 Training needs To ensure that all cadres follow their respective existing training programme. 2.6 Revenue generation
The forest plantation is collecting revenue from sales of forest products and services. Revenue obtained from these sources LMDA this are distribution comes from sale of forest product in which each cubic metre is payed 11,000Tshs for softwood and 22000 Tshs for hardwood. (LMDA) is used for silvicultural activities, road maintenance, maintenance of vehicles and plants, forest protection and administration. 2.6 Utilization
2.6.1 Allowable cut a) To ensure that harvesting of forest products does not exceed allowable cut available as given in appendix 5. b) To ensure that sales to existing and potential customers satisfy their requirements by utilizing all the available resources. 2.7 Protection and conservation
2.7.1 Protection against fire, diseases etc In recent years we are not experiencing fire incindence and this because we manage to create aweaness on the effect of fire in forest and on farm preparation fire use is prohibited. In shume forest plantation we are not experiencing pest and deseases in trees but some areas are faced with hard pan situation thus lead to dry of some trees. 44
2.7.2 Rehabilitation and conservation of degraded areas and biotopes a) Control of soil erosion b) Preservation of water sources c) Control of loss of biodiversity 2.8 Resource assessment
2.8.1 Survey and mapping a) Survey of the plantation area b) Map updating of the four plantation blocks
2.8.2 Inventory To update the inventory data for the whole plantation to be used for the effective management of the plantation. The purpose of inventory is to acces forest resources available in terms of quality and quantity also for preparing management plan. Another inventory is expected to be done towards the end of this plan, accordind to TFS memorandam of understanding. The plantation manager may update these data whenever need arise because inventory training to project staff and data processing software (Forest calc) was provided. 2.9 Reserch
2.9.1 Reseach areas Current research areas undertaken by TAFORI and SUA (Sokoine University of Agriculture) include the following: i) Seed production- TTSA and TAFORI ii) Tree growth improvement- SUA The strategy is to collaborate with TAFORI and other research institutes to undertake research in the plantation to monitor growth and yield and establish PSPs.
45
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0
PRESCRIPTION
3.1
SILVICUTURE
3.1.1
Nursery operation
The Gologolo nursery situated in Shume West block is about 0.75 ha in size and can adequately hold 500 000 to 1 000 000 seedlings. The Hambalawei nursery is within Shume East block, was established to raise seedlings to replant the nearby compartments.
3.1.1.1 Species Species to be selected will depend on the demand of the products, disease resistance, perfomance and the area to be planted. As far as perfomance and market demand are concerned, tree species preferred to be planted during this plan period will be P.patula C.lustanica, Eucalyptus spp, Juniperus procera and other (Grevillea robusta,) Due to aphids’ attack C.lustanica was not planted in large scale since 1995. Efforts to collect seeds from resistant mother trees will be continued for small scale establishment of Cypress as alternative which has shown signs of success against aphids’ attack. Also we discarage to plant acacia spp which tend to invide and suppress the planted tree species eg cypress and pines. In order to diversify tree species in the plantation some species will be planted in small scale as trial plots. These will include Casuarinas spp, etc.
3.1.1.2 Soil mixture The soil mixture that has been tested to ensure higher performance will continue to be used in our nurseries. 3.1.1.2.1 Soil ingredients
The recommended soil mixture for our nurseries will be as follows: -Forest top soil 20 parts -Cow dung manure 4 parts -1/2 kg of DAP NPK fertilizer The above ration has been decided due to better performance at the nurseries, compared to rations that were being used formally. A wheelbarrow normally measures the parts. The soil mixture should be made up well in advance of being filled in the tubes and should be kept moist under shade. It should be mixed well once or twice during the preparation period.
47
3.1.1.3 Seedling raising techniques 3.1.1.3.1 Pot sizes
The transplanting stock will be raised in 5-cm lay flat clear polythene tubes, cut to 10 cm length. The tubes will be filled by hand, 1000 tubes (pots) per manday to the top of each tube. Care must be taken to ensure that the soil is filled in the tube but not rammed to produce a compact block. 3.1.1.3.2 Sowing technique
Seed will be sawn by the direct and broadcast method in seedbeds. The seeds should be covered slight coat of fine sand and gently be firmed. 3.1.1.3.3 Seedbed (sawing density)
A seed bed of about 1 meter width by 7 meters in length will be sown with 1 kg of seeds by the broadcast method. However this will depend on species type to broadcast just enough seed on a bed. Care during watering will be observed in using fine showers to avoid splashing out the seeds.
3.1.1.4 Nursery tending technique 3.1.1.4.1 Watering regime
The Gologolo and Hambalawei nurseries are well installed with water pipes for hose watering and also by using watering cans. Watering is carried out twice a day, morning and evening during the dry season, and once or nil during the rainy season. Hardening off should be carried out a month before planting out, by gradual reducing of the watering frequency. 3.1.1.4.2 Sanitary operation
Weeding is done manually (by hand) to remove small plants from the pots and around the beds as frequently as needed. Mosses which normally appear on the surface of moistened soil on the pots should be removed/ weeded out by hands as necessary. 3.1.1.4.3 Pricking out
After seeds have germinated, normally before shading the cotyledons, seedlings have to be transplanted from seedbeds to pots. This normally takes 2-3 weeks for pines and Eucalyptus, 2-5 weeks for cypress and 2-6 weeks for Grevillea. Normally top dressing for softwood species is done in the potted seedlings two or three times at the interval of three months period. 3.1.1.4.4 Root pruning
The potted seedlings should be root pruned at the interval of three months period after transplanting. However this will depend on the type of tree species and thus it will be done as soon and often as required once the roots start to penetrate the ground surface soil. Using sharp knives will do root pruning. 48
3.1.1.4.5 Nursery calendar
In each year, soil collection will be done during the months of February- March and September – October. Sowing of seeds will be on May-June and January- February. Pricking out will be done as prescribed in section 3.1.1.5.3 3.1.2 Planting
3.1.2.1 Land preparation 3.1.2.1.1 Mechanical land preparation
Mechanical land preparation is not applied in Shume Forest Plantation 3.1.2.1.2 Manual land preparation
Due to severe land scarcity prevailing in and around the plantation, the yearly plantable areas (compartments) will be subdivided into small plots and allocated to staff members and villagers who will carry out land preparation under supervision, before planting out trees. The use of fire is totally prohibited in land preparation. In some areas with poor land quality to the performance of food crops (thus avoided by farmers) paid labourers will be used for land preparation.
3.1.2.2 Spacing Normally the spacing will be 3.0 x 3.0 meter for softwoods and 2.5 x 2.5 meters for hardwoods. The spacing for softwoods has been opted due to comparatively better performance observed in the former plantations/ compartments. Furthermore there has been cost reduction Table 13: Planting and Beating up schedule YEAR
2013/2014
2014/2015
2015/2016
2016/2017
2017/2018
Planting (Ha)
63.9
118.91
118.29
86.58
41.05
Beat/up (Ha)
12.7
23.78
23.66
17.3
8.21
3.1.2.3 Pit size Hoes will do pitting before planting. The pitted holes should be 30 to 30 cm deep and wide respective.lly
3.1.2.4 Timing Land preparation will normally start from September- November each year. Planting will be done during both short and long rains. Short rains normally fall in the months of November – December, whereas long rains start from March –May.
49
3.1.2.5 Planting stock size Normally, the size of the planting stock will depend on the period of planting and the duration required in the nursery. On regard to this, most seedlings will be planted when a height of about 912 inches is attained. From sawing this height will be after a period of 10- 12 months for Pines; 4- 6 months for Eucalyptus and 6- 9 months for Grevillea and Cypress.
3.1.3 Survival assessment for replanting and beating up Beating up will be carried if the survival is less than 80%. Big gaps should be replanted fully. Where beating up is required it will take preference over new planting. Compartments or subcompartments with less than 50% survival will have to be replanted at the expense or part of the annual planting programme. 3.1.4 Tending operations
3.1.4.1 Weeding Where planting is done, semi licenced cultivators will weed the areas for at least a year by cultivating temporary food crops. If cultivation is abandoned or prohibited in such areas as for catchment purposes, daily paid labourers will be employed on weeding. In other areas where squatter system is not applied due to such reasons as poor soil quality for their crops, weeding operations will be carried out using paid labourers. Climber cutting will normally be carried out in young and older stands where necessary. 3.1.4.1.1 Frequency
Spot weeding is normally done twice a year. Slashing may be done up to three times a year. Climber cutting will be done in special cases when needed. 3.1.4.1.2 Types
The most employed weeding types are spot weeding and slashing. However in newly established stands, Taungya system will be used except in areas with poor soil quality where squatters are not willingly/ready to cultivate, in which case spot weeding and slashing are employed. 3.1.4.1.3 Methods
Mainly employed weeding method is manual weeding using hoes.
50
3.1.4.2 Pruning For compartments that were established by a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 meters, pruning will be carried out in accordance to technical order number 17 for Cypress and technical order number 22 for Pines. Pruning schedule for Pines in such stands will therefore be as follows: 1st Pruning (whole crop) – age of 4 years after planting 2nd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after 1st pruning 3rd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after the 2nd pruning Pruning schedule for Cypress in such stands will be as follows: 1st Pruning (whole crop) – age of 2.5 years after planting 2nd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after 1st pruning 3rd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after the 2nd pruning For compartments that were established by a spacing of 3 x 3 meters spacing that has shown better results for softwood (Pines and Cypress), pruning will be done by following the schedule below: 1st Pruning (whole crop) – age of 4 years after planting 2nd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after 1st pruning 3rd Pruning (selective) – 2 years after the 2nd pruning 3.1.4.2.1 Heights
Pruning heights for pines will be as follows: 1st Pruning – prune to ½ height 2nd Pruning – prune to 3/5 height 3rd Pruning – prune to 4/7 height Pruning height for Cypress will be as follows: 1st Pruning – prune to ½ height 2nd Pruning – prune to ½ height 3rd Pruning – prune to 5/6 height 3.1.4.2.2 Frequency
For newly established stands pruning will be done three times, viz. 1st, 2nd and 3rd pruning for both Pines and Cypress. For compartments that pruning was delayed or not done, pruning will be undertaken subject to funds allocation. Estimated areas to be pruned yearly during the plan period are as in Table 3 and Appendix 5, form 9:
51
Table 14: Compartments for prunning RANGE
YEAR
BLOCK ID
CMPT
0PERATION
SPP
AREA
P/YR
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW75
1st prunning
CL/PP
14
2010
SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST
2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
SHW20 SHW36 SH76 SHW7 SHW8B SHW34 SHW8A
1st prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning
CL CL CL GR/PP PP/GR PP PP
36 1.5 9.7 7.6 12 3.9 14
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
98.7
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW45A
2nd prunning
CL/PP
13.3
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW37
2nd prunning
CL
8.4
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW106
2nd prunning
CL
9
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW39
2nd prunning
CL
3.3
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW40
2nd prunning
CL
6.5
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW79
2nd prunning
CL
0.8
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW80
2nd prunning
CL
8.6
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW95
2nd prunning
CL
8
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW98
2nd prunning
CL
4.7
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW99
2nd prunning
CL
2.8
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW14
2nd prunning
GR
1.8
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW15
2nd prunning
GR
13.6
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW16
2nd prunning
GR
3.2
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW17
2nd prunning
GR
2
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW18
2nd prunning
GR
68
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW19
2nd prunning
GR
4
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW107
2nd prunning
PP/CL
2.2
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW32
2nd prunning
PP
19.5
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW33
2nd prunning
PP
0.5
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW43
2nd prunning
PP
14.3
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW74
2nd prunning
PR
10.6
2006
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW132
3rd prunning
CL
22.4
2008
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW21
3rd prunning
CL
22
2008
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW120
3rd prunning
CL
23.9
2008
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW109
3rd prunning
PP
10.1
2008
SHUME WEST
2013/2014
SHW
SHW118
3rd prunning
PP
14.6
2008
SHUME WEST
298.1 SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW134
2nd prunning
CL
15
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW23
2nd prunning
CL
19.3
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW26
2nd prunning
CL
12.6
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW28
2nd prunning
CL
6.9
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW29
2nd prunning
CL
10.1
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW122
2nd prunning
CL
19.2
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW45B
2nd prunning
CL
5
2009
52
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW4
2nd prunning
GR
1.5
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW1B
2nd prunning
GR
26.9
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW13
2nd prunning
GR
22.7
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW2
2nd prunning
PP
0.7
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW3
2nd prunning
PP
1.2
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW1A
2nd prunning
PP
12.5
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW123
2nd prunning
PP
13.3
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW47
2nd prunning
PP
36.5
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW48
2nd prunning
PP
12
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW6
2nd prunning
PP
18
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW72
2nd prunning
PR
9.2
2009
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW30
3rd prunning
CL
2.9
2007
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW111
3rd prunning
CL
5.2
2007
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW115
3rd prunning
CL
19
2007
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW71
3rd prunning
PP/PR
14.2
2007
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW70
3rd prunning
PR
11
2007
SHUME WEST
2014/2015
SHW
SHW73
3rd prunning
PR
10.3
2007
62.6
SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST
2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016
SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
SHW137 SHW131 SHW75 SHW20 SHW36 SH76 SHW7 SHW8B SHW34 SHW8A SHW132 SHW21 SHW120 SHW109 SHW118
CL CL/PP CL/PP CL CL CL GR/PP PP/GR PP PP CL CL CL PP PP
SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST
2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017
SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
SHW134 SHW23 SHW26 SHW28 SHW29 SHW122 SHW45B SHW4 SHW1B SHW13 SHW2
1st prunning 1st prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning
CL CL CL CL CL CL CL GR GR GR PP
242.6
10.9 3.1 14 36 1.5 9.7 7.6 12 3.9 14 112.7
2012 2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
22.4 22 23.9 10.1 14.6 93
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
15 19.3 12.6 6.9 10.1 19.2 5 1.5 26.9 22.7 0.7
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
53
SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST
2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017 2016/2017
SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
SHW3 SHW1A SHW123 SHW47 SHW48 SHW6 SHW72
3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning
PP PP PP PP PP PP PR
1.2 12.5 13.3 36.5 12 18 9.2 242.6
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME WEST SHUME EAST
2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018
SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
SHW137 SHW131 SHW75 SHW20 SHW36 SH76 SHW7 SHW8B SHW34 SHW8A
2nd prunning 2nd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning
CL CL/PP CL/PP CL CL CL GR/PP PP/GR PP PP
10.9 3.1 14 36 1.5 9.7 7.6 12 3.9 14 112.7
2012 2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST
2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2014/2015 2014/2015 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016
SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE
SHE51 SHE155 SHE59 SHE143 SHE150 SHE151 SHE152 SHE154 SHE162 SHE166 SHE168 SHE169 SHE178A SHE178B SHE189 SHE43A SHE43B SHE141B SHE42 SHE164 SHE174 SHE51 SHE155 SHE59 SHE143 SHE150 SHE151
2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning
PP CL CL PP PP PP PP PP PP PP AC AC AC AC CL/PP CL/PP CL/PP CL CL PP PP PP CL CL PP PP PP
1.7 2.9 14 8.4 2.2 1.9 2.9 14.9 8.1 8 1.9 0.9 1 0.7 21 18.3 4 3 1.4 117.2
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006
54
9 27 36 1.7 2.9 14 8.4 2.2 1.9
2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHUME EAST SHAGAYU
2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2016/2017 2016/2017 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018 2017/2018
SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE SHE
SHE152 SHE154 SHE162 SHE166 SHE164 SHE174 SHE51 SHE155 SHE59 SHE143 SHE150 SHE151 SHE152 SHE154 SHE162 SHE166
2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 1st prunning 1st prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning 3rd prunning
PP PP PP PP PP PP PP CL CL PP PP PP PP PP PP PP
SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU SHAGAYU
2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016 2015/2016
SHG SHG SHG SHG SHG SHG SHG SHG
SHG29A SHG29B SHG30 SHG3 SHG29A SHG29B SHG30 SHG3
2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning 2nd prunning
CL CL CL PP/OC CL CL CL PP/OC
MAGAMBA EAST MAGAMBA EAST MAGAMBA EAST
9 27 36
2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011
1.7 2.9 14 8.4 2.2 1.9 2.9 14.9 8.1 8 65
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
4.2 3.9 1.1 9.2
2010 2010 2010
64.7 4.2 3.9 1.1 64.7
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
138.6
2013/2014
MGE
MGE5
2nd prunning
AC
22.4
2008
2013/2014
MGE
MGE10B
2nd prunning
EU
14
2008
36.4
MAGAMBA EAST MAGAMBA EAST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST
2.9 14.9 8.1 8 65
2015/2016
MGE
MGE15B
2nd prunning
CL
1.4
2012
2015/2016
MGE
MGE15A
2nd prunning
PP
16
2012
17.4 2013/2014
MGW
MGW51
1st prunning
PP
11.9
2010
2013/2014
MGW
MGW53
1st prunning
PP
7.7
2010
2013/2014
MGW
MGW23
3rd prunning
GR/PP
10.1
2006
2013/2014
MGW
MGW27
3rd prunning
PP
10.1
2006
39.8
55
MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST MAGAMBA WEST
2014/2015
MGW
MGW54
3rd prunning
PP
9.7
2011
2014/2015
MGW
MGW26
3rd prunning
PP
7
2007
2014/2015
MGW
MGW37
3rd prunning
PP
0.7
2007
2014/2015
MGW
MGW42
3rd prunning
PP
4.3
2007
2014/2015
MGW
MGW43
3rd prunning
PP
6.8
2007
2015/2016
MGW
MGW18
2nd prunning
CL/JP
2015/2016
MGW
MGW51
2nd prunning
2015/2016
MGW
2015/2016
28.5
6.5
2012
PP
11.9
2010
18.4
MGW53
2nd prunning
PP
7.7
2010
MGW
MGW9
3rd prunning
CC
4
2008
2015/2016
MGW
MGW8
3rd prunning
PP
12.1
2008
23.8
2016/2017
MGW
MGW52A
2nd prunning
PP
1.5
2009
2016/2017
MGW
MGW7
2nd prunning
PP
26.2
2009
27.7
2017/2018
MGW
MGW51
2nd prunning
PP
11.9
2010
2017/2018
MGW
MGW53
2nd prunning
PP
7.7
2010
19.6
Compartments earmarked for pruning for each block in the plan period 3.1.4.2.3 Methods
Pruning will be done manually by casual labourers under close supervision using sharp pangas. In areas where cultivation of food crops is done, squatters will do access pruning under permission of block incharges under close supervision. 3.1.4.2.4 Types
Both pruning and quality pruning will be accomplished during this draft plan for five years.
3.1.5 Thinning 3.1.5.1 Timing
For all stands thinning will be carried out in accordance with technical order number 1 of 2003 (Table 4). First thinning will be done at the age of 10 and second thinning at the age of 15. Marking for thinning will be done in accordance with technical order number 25 of 1970. All thinnings will be done by customers as part of harvesting operation and its products is sold to them. 56
Table 15: Thinning compartments for shume forest plantation TABLE 8: COMPARTMENTS TO BE THINNED IN SHUME DURING THE PLANING PERIOD SITE THINNING AGE YEAR COMPT SPP AREA VOL/HA TOTAL VOL CLASS NO THINNED 2013/2014 SHE 163 PP 2.5 III 1 10 60 150 SHE PP 6 III 1 10 47 282 173A SHE 159 CL 2.6 III 1 10 64 166.4
MGW 28
PP
6.6
III
2
15
25
165
PP
2.4
II
2
15
104
249.6
PP
3
IV
2
15
66
198
SHW 135 SHW 110B SHG 32
PP
0.1
II
2
15
18
1.8
MGW 25
PP
0.7
V
2
15
40
28
MGW 3
PP
7.5
IV
2
15
77
577.5
PP
6.6
IV
2
15
15
99
PP
2
III
2
15
66
132
MGW 30 SHE 160B SHE 182
PP
45.5
V
2
15
67
3048.5
SHW 96
CL
19.5
III
2
15
47
916.5
SHE 64
CL
8.6
II
2
15
34
292.4
2014/2015
SHW 5
PP
54
III
1
10
4
216
SHW 53
PP
1.2
II
1
10
12
14.4
MGW 15
PP
2.4
II
1
10
23
55.2
SHE 184
CL/PP
16
V
1
10
2
108
SHE 185
CL/PP
22.5
IV
1
10
13
292.5
SHW 125
PP
29.2
IV
2
15
39
1138.8
SHW 129
PP
25.9
III
2
15
10
259
SHW 86
PP
22.5
III
2
15
37
832.5
SHW 91
PP
33.1
V
2
15
41
1357
SHG 7
PP
58
IV
2
15
40
2320
MGW 1
PP
5.6
III
2
15
62
347.2
SHE 145
PP
5.4
IV
2
15
45
243
SHE 193
PP
6.9
V
2
15
43
296.7
SHE 194
PP
41.3
V
2
15
50
2065
SHW 82
PP
8.6
IV
2
15
71
610.6
SHE 180
CL/PP
19.5
IV
2
15
61
1189.5
2015/2016
SHW 140
PP
2.4
II
1
10
54
129.6
SHW 87
PP
5.5
IV
2
15
62
341
SHW 88
PP
20.4
III
2
15
73
1489.2
SHW 89
PP
13.1
IV
2
15
35
458.5
SHW 90
PP
3.3
IV
2
15
80
264
SHW 92
PP
40.4
IV
2
15
70
2828
SHW 57
PP
39.2
V
2
15
40
1568
SHE 58
PP
19.4
V
2
15
43
834.2
SHE 60
PP
1.6
II
2
15
78
124.8
SHE 61
PP
6.4
IV
2
15
50
320
6306.7
11345.4
57
SHE 56
PP
2016/2017
SHW 107
PP
2.2
IV
1
10
22
48.4
SHW 32
PP
19.5
IV
1
10
5
97.5
SHW 33
PP
0.5
V
1
10
9
4.5
SHW 43
PP
14.3
II
1
10
8
114.4
SHE 189
CL/PP
21
II
1
10
36
756
SHE 43A
CL/PP
18.3
II
1
10
10.89
199.2
SHE 43B
CL/PP
4
V
1
10
5
20
SHW 45A
CL/PP
13.3
II
1
10
8
106.4
SHW 37
CL
8.4
III
1
10
1
8.4
SHW 106
CL
9
IV
1
10
1
9
SHW 39
CL
3.3
V
1
10
5
16.5
SHW 40
CL
6.5
V
1
10
6
39
SHW 79
CL
0.8
III
1
10
10
8
SHW 80
CL
8.6
II
1
10
53
455.8
SHW 95
CL
8
III
1
10
26
208
SHW 98
CL
4.7
III
1
10
16
75.2
CL
2.8
III
1
10
34
95.2
CL
3
II
1
10
40
120
SHW 99 SHW 141B SHE 42
CL
1.4
II
1
10
20
28
SHW 138
PP
21
IV
2
15
62
1302
SHW 112
PP
7
V
2
15
36
252
SHW 121
PP
18.4
IV
2
15
47
864.8
SHW 49
PP
20
IV
2
15
34
680
SHG 36
PP
60
IV
2
15
72
4320
SHG 9
PP
12.3
III
2
15
48
590.4
MGW 13
PP
3.1
II
2
15
63
195.3
MGW 15
PP
1.8
II
2
15
46
82.8
MGW 16
PP
3.1
III
2
15
35
108.5
MGW 2
PP
96
IV
2
15
47
4512
MGW 22
PP
0.2
II
2
15
13
2.6
MGW 31
PP
1.3
II
2
15
85
110.5
MGW 32
PP
9.1
IV
2
15
73
664.3
SHE 46
PP
101
V
2
15
51
5151
2017/2018
SHW 71
PP/PR
14.2
V
1
10
8
113.6
SHW 27
PP
21.6
V
1
10
2
43.2
MGW 26
PP
7
III
1
10
13
91
MGW 37
PP
0.7
III
1
10
1
0.7
MGW 42
PP
4.3
III
1
10
23
98.9
MGW 43
PP
6.8
II
1
10
24
163.2
SHW 30
CL
2.9
V
1
10
1
2.9
SHW 111 MGW 115
CL
5.2
III
1
10
8
41.6
CL
19
V
1
10
2
38
58
39.2
V
2
15
39
9,886.10
1528.8
21245.7
SHG 43
CL
17.7
II
1
10
4
70.8
SHE 190
PP/AC/CL
38.1
IV
2
15
33
1257.3
SHW 10B
PP
105
IV
2
15
43
4515
SHW 10C
PP
108
IV
2
15
36
3888
SHG 10
PP
20.2
IV
2
15
63
1272.6
SHG 42
PP
0.5
II
2
15
70
35
SHG 46
PP
88
III
2
15
48
4224
MGW 34
PP
3.4
III
2
15
15
51
PP
7.3
III
2
15
70
511
PP
58.7
IV
2
15
20
1174
PP
15.7
IV
2
15
28
439.6
SHE 192 SHE 197A SHE 198A SHE 157
CL
2.7
IV
2
15
25
67.5
18098.9
3.2 Capital Investments 3.2.1 Roads
3.2.1.1 Road construction The road density for Shume plantation is adequate; therefore there are no plans for road construction during the management plan period.
3.2.1.2 Road maintenance Maintenance will depend on the intensity of rainfall and type of road damages. Road maintenance will be timely done before and after rainfall. The frequency of maintenance is higher in July-September and November-February. The most employed method of road maintenance is manual, using simple hand tools hoes, spades, pangas and slashers. Access roads within the plantation are as shown in Management map, JB 517 (1:10,000). 3.2.2 Buildings
Existing buildings are situated at Shume and Shagayu Blocks: a) Shume Blocks: Gologolo is the administrative centre for the plantaton, at which the office, stores, workshop, dispensary, staff quarters and recreation centre are situated. A primary school is nearby. There is a nucleus of staff quarters and office at Hambalawei range two staff quarters at Manolo and other six staff quarters at shume west block b) Shagayu Block: The sub administrative centre is within the plantation area, with the office and staff quarters. Table below shows the list of existing plantation buildings.
3.2.2.1 Building construction There are no plans to construct new buildings, except three rooms for the office and store Extention together with one staff and one roomed office at Malibwi.
59
3.2.2.2. Building maintenance The plantation management carries out upkeep and maintenance of building, and lately With funds allocated, the state of maintenance is increasingly better. 3.2.2.2.1 Maintenance frequency
Normally maintenance is carried out during dry seasons 3.2.2.2.2 Methods of maintenance
Maintenance will be done by repainting, filling of wall cracks and roof/floor cracks, Together with repair of windows and doors. Maintenance also involves rehabilitation of Pit latrines, water system, and drainage system building cost is normally determined by Tanzania building agency (TBA). 3.2.3. Vehicles, plants, Equipment and Tools.
The plantation is in possession of two sheds. One shed is for garage (servicing and minor Maintenance of vehicles). The second shed is for parking of vehicles are kept in the general store.
3.2.3.1. Procuremenet Procurement of vehicles, plants and some major equipment/tools will be done subject to Funds availability. These will include office equipment like computers, photocopier equipment and solar power system. Similarly, there are plans to install electricity hydro power for the (Gologolo) Station. 3.2.3.1.1. Types
Various types of equipment/tools will be purchased for nursery activities and tending operations in the plantation.
3.2.3.2. Maintenance Vehicles, plants and equipment/tools in the plantation have far outlined their expected useful life. Frequent maintenance of vehicles, plants and equipment/tools, which may be needed, will be observed according to workshop schedule, in order to stretch their Service life. The main station at Gologolo had electrical installation using a DALE engine generator with 18-horse power. However, the plant is no longer in use due to depreciation and technical problems. 3.2.3.2.1 Maintenance frequency
Since most of vehicles, plants and equipment/tools are old, frequent maintenance will be done as required.
60
3.2.3.2.2 Replacement Generally, most of our vehicles, plants and equipment/tools need to be replaced. However, some of these like Lorrys, generator set need to be replaced urgently. 3.2.4 Communication facilities
3.2.4.1 Procurement Communication is extremely poor throughout the plantation. There is no network existing at Gologolo. 3.2.4.1.1. Type
The internal telephone service is not in form of cable wire system. We plan to have five walkietalkie will preferably be of at least 5 pieces.
3.2.4.2 Maintenance When purchased, the relevant walkie-talkie will be maintained by the office. However, the plantation management will maintain the internal Communication system
3.2.4.3 Replacement Currently, there are no communication facilities to be replaced in the plantation 3.2.4.3.1 Depreciation
Therefore no existing internal communication system. 3.2.5 Water supply
3.2.5.1 Sources The existing water sources within the plantation will be maintained to ensure sustainable Supply of enough water for both nursery and domestic uses. This will include cleaning of water source; fencing and planting of selected indigenous water shed tree species around the water source and along the streams.
3.2.5.2 Supply systems Shume blocks are well supplied with piped water. However, due to depreciation of old water pipes, replacement of some pipelines is expected during this plan period. Water supply system at Shagayu block is very poor, whereby both domestic uses are from the streams. There are plans to purchase water pump that will facilitate on water supply for the station and nursery uses.
61
3.2.5.3 Quality and quantity Water quality is generally poor in all parts of the plantation, especially for domestic uses. Efforts to improve water quality will involve planting of more watershed trees at the sources and use of plumber man to restrict illegal operations at and /or around the water sources. 3.2.6 Social services
Various social services will be improved / maintained and other installed.
3.2.6.1 Types Improvement to increase efficiency of kindergarten class will be observed. Efforts will be done to ensure smooth running of the Gologolo dispensary to improve health services. Subject to funds availability there are plans of connecting the electricity from the National grid (TANESCO) to Gologolo forest station. A social club (Welfare Social Hall) at Gologolo still lacks some interesting indoor games such as darts, table tennis, and pool table to entertain staff and nearby villagers. These will be among the innovation thought to be introduced / improved to ensure improved social services, especially to staff members.
3.3 Human resources 3.3.1 Human resources Development
3.3.1.1 Training plan Long and short courses for permanent staff will be considered in this management draft plan. 3.3.2 Recruitment
Retirement of a number of staff their position will require to be filled by competent staff. A number of temporary and casual workers will vary according to the season and work intensity. New recruitment of personnel will be effected where necessary. The number of workers present and/ or required at the plantation.
3.4 Revenue generation 3.4.1 Source of revenue
Main sources of revenue at Shume Forest Plantation are from sales of timber (clearfelling and thinning). Part of revenue is accrued from saw mill installation fees, sales of firewood, wattle bark, poles and withies. Other revenue sources include fees from commercial business centers and fines from forest offences.
62
Table 16: Forecasted revenue during the plan 2013/14 - 2017/18 Â Allowable cut (standing)m3 LMDA
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
30,809.00
30,809.00
30,809.00
30,809.00
30,809.00
389,180,000
350,031,000
338,899,000
338,899,000
338,899,000
Royalty
437,826,549
418,894,670
456,700,954
287,061,344
334,990,150
Total
827,006,549
768,925,670
795,599,954
625,960,344
673,889,150
3.4.2 Control of revenue collection
Thorough checkups of revenue collection cashbooks (RCCBs) and proper measurements of forest products especially timber, control revenue collection at the plantation., Additional checkpoints will be installed to ensure proper payment of every forest product. Additionally, a customer will be allowed to pass on checkpoints if he/she posses a Transit Pass/ Licence to fell FD Marking Hammer also control timber transportation. Similarly a customer is only allowed to fell after measurements are done, bill prepared and payment effected.
3.5 Utilization 3.5.1 Harvesting plan
3.5.1.1Clear felling Harvesting plan for clear felling of timber has been shown in the table below.
63
Table 17: Compartments to be cleafelling
CLEAR FELLING
YEAR
Thinning vol 6,306.70
2013/14
Compt no
SPP
AGE
Area( Ha)
SHG 41
Vol/Ha
Total Vol
Allowable cut
PP/OC
11
0.5
116
58
30809
SHE 191
PP
11
0.8
56.3
45
SHW 130
PP
14
8.8
219.8
1934
MGW 33
PP
14
1.5
162.7
244
SHE 161
PP/EU/AC
15
4.8
62.9
302
SHW 54C
EU
11
3.9
175.13
683
SHE 148
EU
10
12.9
231.24
2983
SHE 173B
EU
10
2.3
277
637
SHE 147
EU
10
1.2
223.33
268
SHE 66
CL
23
63.7
218
13855
SHE 179
CL
23
18
189
3398
SHW 84
CL
23
0.51
186
95.3
TOTAL
24502.3
SHW 84
CL
24
2.69
186
500.34
11345.4
2014/2015
118.91
30809
MGE 13
EU/AC
10
23
36.39
837
MGE 11
EU
10
3.5
50
175
SHW 85
CL/EU/PP
24
12
144
1731
SHE 160A
CL/EU
23
5.9
214
1260
MGW 24
PP
23
7
104
728
SHE 65
CL
22
47.3
246
11636
SHW 54B
PP
22
7
123
860
SHW 54A
CL/PP
22
9.9
174
1736.26
TOTAL
19463.6
SHW 54A
CL/PP
23
36.1
174
6282.74
SHG 12
PP
22
50.48
290
14640.16
TOTAL
20922.9
SHG 12
PP
23
0.82
288.83
236.84
23
40.23
232
9326.46
9563.3
9886.1
2015/2016
21245.7
2016/2017
118.29
86.58
SHG 17
PP
TOTAL
SHG 17
PP
24
9.57
232
2017/2018
18098.9
41.05
30809
30809
2219.54
30809
SHG 18
PP
22
54.7
174
9544
SHG 23
PP
24
2.75
344
946.56
TOTAL
12710.1
2018/2019
SHG 23
PP
64
67.02 25
4.65
344
1599.44
3.5.2 Sales
3.5.2.1 Prices Sale prices for timber will be as summarized in Table below (Table 19). Table 18: Prices for timber sales at Shume Forest Plantation Species
Pinus patula Cupressus lustanica
Cinamomum camphora Acacia melanoxylon
Eucalyptus saligna and E. grandis
Juniperus procera
Sizes (dbh ob) <10 cm 11 – 20 cm 21 – 25 cm 26 – 30 cm 31 – 35cm >35 cm < 10 cm 11 – 20 cm 21 – 30 cm 31 – 35 cm 36+ cm < 10 cm 11 – 20 cm 21 – 30 cm > 30
Price (Tshs/m3) To be sold as fire wood 2600 5200 13000 22490 24960 To be sold as firewood 4000 8000 15000 20000 To be sold as fire wood 4800 12000 21000
All sizes
50,000 per m3
3.5.2.2 Method of sale Timber products for saw logs are sold by Tariff method. Poles (under 10 cm dbh). Fire wood and wattle barks are sold per stacked volume. Charcoal will be charged per bag of 28 kg.
3.5.2.3 Markets Markets for saw logs are mainly saw millers. For firewood and poles we expect markets from nearby villages and others. For A. mearnsii, the main customer is Lion Wattle Company.
65
Table 19: Processing capacity shume forest plantation. Cusomer
Processing capacity
Assortment required M
Tembo Chipboard
Planned (ob) 2013/2014
2014/2015
2015/2016
2016/2017
2017/2018
Total
S 15,000
15000
Poles
15000
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
Total M
5000
S
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
Total M
5000
S
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
Total
66
5000
S
5,000
5000
M
Mavongo Timber
5000
75000
Total
5,000
5000
15000
S
GREWAL
15000
M
5,000
15000
C/p
Total
Anania Sawmill
15000
5000
S
5,000
M
Urafiki Sawmill
15000
Total
5,000
15000
S
Saidi Salehe Sawmill
15000
M
5,000
15000
C/p Total
Saidi Mngazija Sawmill
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
M
S KIMSO Sawmill
5,000
5000
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
M
5000
S
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
Total
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
25000
M
S 5000
5000
25000
Total
SAID MOHAMED
5000
5000
S
5000
M
5000
Total
5,000
5000
S
TONGOI
5000
C/p
M
5,000
5000
Total
PAUL PENTZEL
S
5,000
5000
M
JUMA MBAZI
5000
Total
5,000
5000
S
Connie Investment
5000
M
5,000
C/p
Total
Hamadi Sawmill
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
Poles
fuel
Total
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
67
M
S PIUS PAULO
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
fuel
M
5000
S 5,000
Poles Total
TWALIBU KILUWA
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
C/p
Poles
Fuel logs
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
3.6 Protection and Conservation 3.6.1 Prevention
3.6.1.1 Fire Plan The present fire plan in the plantation will continue to be used. Similarly, more emphasis will be put to ensure that the nearby local communities are much more involved in the protection and conservation of the forest areas, especially in areas already under JFM. Cleaning fire breaks before the fire season to remove highly combustible wood and grass Purchasing and maintaining fire fighting equipments in a good working condition ready for use in case of fire
3.6.1.2 Control plan for diseases and pests For Cypress die back due to attack by aphids, control will be by reducing its planting. Similarly, for those small establishments, only seed from TTSA and resistant mother trees will be raised. Firearms and ammunitions will be used to control monkeys that cause damage to cypress. Application of chemicals (insectside and fungiside) will be used in control of pests and diseases in the nurseries. 3.6.2 Rehabilitation
3.6.2.1 Assessment for rehabilitation Through surveys, damaged areas will be assessed. Damaged areas are mostly due to poor cultivation methods and/or treatments (like over pruning), grazing and encroachment.
3.6.2.2 Methods of rehabilitation Agricultural activities will be abandoned in catchment areas. Similarly, grazing in forest reserves is strictly prohibited. Law enforcement will be used in endangered areas due to encroachment. All these will be affected in collaboration with the village partner under JFM Agreements.
68
3.7 Resource Assessment 3.7.1 Timing
The last assessment of Shume Forest Plantation was done in 2008. The next assessment was done in 2012. 3.7.2 Methodology
The Forest Resource Assessment Section (NAFORMA) in Dar es Salaam will determine the methodology for resource assessment.
3.8 Organization Organization of forest operations and other activities within Shume Forest Plantations will continue to be as explained in section 1.8.1. An organization chart is shown in Figure 3 3.8.1 Organigram
The organization chart for Shume Forest Plantation is depicted in figure below (Figure 3).
69
70
Figure 3: Organisation chart
4 T
GU AU S
71
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
ESTIMATES
During the management draft plan period, it is estimated that the plantation will spend a total of Tshs 906,685,813/= for implementation of the planned operations as summarised below and detailed in Table 20, 21 and 22. Table 20: Running, maintainance and procurement of vehicles Financial year
Activity to achieve targets
Input required for each activity
Unit
Quantity
2013 – 2014
Running and
Nissan S/wagon STK 1818
2
30,000 km
Estimated cost per unit(000) 5,000
Maintenance
Tractor (Kubota,ford)
2
600 Mhr
1000
2,000,000
Lorry (Isuzu)
2
20,000 km
3000
6,000,000
Generator
1
0
SUB TOTAL
18,000,000
Running and
Nissan S/wagon STK 1818
2
30,000 km
5000
10,000,000
Maintenance
Tractor (Kubota,ford)
2
600 Mhr
1000
2,000,000
Lorry (Isuzu)
2
20,000 km
3000
6,000,000
Generator
0
Procurement
1
0
SUB TOTAL
18,000,000
Running and
Nissan S/wagon STK 1818
2
30,000 km
6000
12,000,000
Maintenance
Tractor (Kubota,ford)
2
600 Mhr
1500
3,000,000
Lorry (Isuzu)
2
20,000 km
4000
8,000,000
Generator
0
Procurement
0
SUB TOTAL
23,000,000
Running and
Nissan S/wagon STK 1818
2
30,000 km
6000
12,000,000
Maintenance
Tractor (Kubota,ford)
2
600 Mhr
1500
3,000,000
Lorry (Isuzu)
2
20,000 km
4000
8,000,000
Generator
1
0
0
Procurement
0
SUB TOTAL
23,000,000
Running and
Nissan S/wagon STK 1818
2
30,000 km
6000
12,000,000
Maintenance
Tractor (Kubota,ford)
2
600 Mhr
1500
3,000,000
Lorry (Isuzu)
2
20,000 km
5000
10,000,000
Generator
0
0
Procurement
SUB TOTAL
25,000,000
TOTAL
107,000,000
2014 – 2015
2015 – 2016
2016 – 2017
2017 – 2018
72
Total cost 10,000,000
Table 21: office administration Financial Year
2013/2014
Activity to achieve target
Input required
Estimated cost per unit
Total cost
for each target
Office stationery supplies
Various
Various
1,110,000
Service of Office Machines
Various
Various
800,000
Purchase of a Computer desk top and accessories
1 unit
Various
2,000,000
Postal charges and air time
various
vaious
1,900,000
Internet installation
set
Various
8,000,000
Meet statutory allowances and social ammenities
5,000,000
Purchase of uniforms and boots
Various
Various
2,000,000
Purchase of news paper
Various
Various
360,000
Water charges
35,000
Office untensils
360,000
Purchase of diesel
Various
7350
Photocopy and computer
0
Electricity Installation
92,000,000
Pay for burial services
1,000,000
Cleaning supplies
Various
Various
Up keep of station
10,600,000
Gift and prize
552,000
Food and refreshments
Various
Various
Subtotal
18,400,000
50,000
2,000,000 146,167,000
73
2014/2015
Office stationery supplies
Various
Various
1,110,000
Service of Office Machines
Various
Various
800,000
Purchase of news paper
Various
Various
360,000
Water charges
35,000
Office untensils
360,000
Purchase of diesel
Various
7350
Photocopy and computer
0
Electricity Installation
0
Pay for burial services
1,000,000
Cleaning supplies
Various
Various
Up keep of station
10,600,000
Gift and prize
552,000
Postal charges and air time
various
vaious
Purchase small generator
Travel on leave, extra duty and other social ammenities Purchase of uniforms and boots
2015/2016
50,000
1,000,000 0 19,000,000
19,000,000
Various
Various
2,000,000
Food and refreshments
Various
Various
1,500,000
Subtotal
Office stationery supplies
Various
Various
1,100,000
Purchase of news paper
Various
Various
360,000
Water charges
35,000
Office untensils
360,000
Purchase of diesel
Various
7350
Photocopy and computer
0
Electricity Installation
0
Pay for burial services
1,000,000
Cleaning supplies
Various
Various
Up keep of station
10,600,000
Gift and prize
552,000
Service of Office Machines
Various
Various
1,200,000
Postal charges and air time
various
vaious
1,000,000
set
Various
19,000,000
Various
Various
2,300,000
Food and refreshments
Various
Various
1,500,000
Subtotal
Travel on leave, extra duty and other social ammenities Purchase of uniforms and boots
74
set
18,400,000
56,767,000
18,400,000
50,000
57,457,000
2016/2017
Office stationery supplies
Various
Various
1,200,000
Purchase of news paper
Various
Various
360,000
Water charges
35,000
Office untensils
360,000
Purchase of diesel
Various
7350
Photocopy and computer
0
Electricity Installation
0
Pay for burial services
1,000,000
Cleaning supplies
Various
Various
Up keep of station
10,600,000
Gift and prize
552,000
Service of Office Machines
Various
Various
900,000
Postal charges and air time
various
vaious
1,000,000
set
Various
20,000,000
Various
Various
2,400,000
Food and refreshments
Various
Various
1,500,000
Subtotal
Office stationery supplies
Various
Various
1,100,000
Purchase of news paper
Various
Various
360,000
Water charges
35,000
Office untensils
360,000
Purchase of diesel
Various
7350
Photocopy and computer
0
Electricity Installation
0
Pay for burial services
1,000,000
Cleaning supplies
Various
Various
Up keep of station
10,600,000
Gift and prize
552,000
Service of Office Machines
Various
Various
800,000
Postal charges and air time
various
vaious
1,000,000
set
Various
20,000,000
Various
Various
2,500,000
Food and refreshments
Various
Various
1,800,000
Subtotal
58,557,000
377,305,000
Travel on leave, extra duty and other social ammenities Purchase of uniforms and boots
2017/2018
Travel on leave, extra duty and other social ammenities Purchase of uniforms and boots
Total
18,400,000
50,000
58,357,000
18,400,000
50,000
75
76
Planting
Weeding
Beating up
Weeding
Weeding
1st pruning
2nd,3RD pruning
Mark for1st thinn
1st Thinning
Mark for 2nd thinn
Fire protection
0
0
1
1
3
5
10
10
15
P.patula, C.lusitanica
12
_potholes filling/ Slashing
Maint. of buildings
40
0
Road maint
Constr. of building
20
0.33
10
10
_slashing firelines
Forest protection
Land preparation
0
Nursery plants
Mondays
0
Operation
Silviculture
Year
Species
Units
0
105km
Km
101km
4590ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Ha
Mdys
Ha
Ha
Ha
Plants
Unit
0
0
70000
62400
1000
52,000
Squatters
Squatters
Squatters
52,000
Squatters
52,000
Squatters
100
Unit cost (shs)
4
0
100
101
161.8
101.7
0
300
0
12.7
63.9
200,000
Annual target
101,940,400
24,000,000
0
7,350,000
0
6,302,400
81,693,600
0
0
0
0
21,112,800
0
0
5,564,000
3,245,200
0
14,366,000
0
20,000,000
Cost (Tshs)
2013/2014
4
0
105
101
224
2.4
0
410.8
0
23.78
118.91
200,000
Annual target
96,818,181
24,000,000
0
7,350,000
0
6,302,400
81,693,600
0
0
0
0
21,361,600
0
0
4,000,000
1,602,317
0
12,201,864
0
20,000,000
Cost (Tshs)
2014/2015
Table 22: Silvicultural needs, forest protection, road maintenance and maintanence of buildings
5
0
105
101
256
197.5
0
259.3
0
23.66
118.29
0
100,000
Annual Target
79,440,181
24,000,000
0
7,350,000
0
6,302,400
81,693,600
0
0
0
0
13,483,600
0
0
4,500,000
1,602,317
0
12,201,864
0
10,000,000
Cost (Tshs)
2015/2016
4
0
105
101
401.7
78.5
0
296.1
0
17.3
86.58
0
100,000
Annual target
76,233,335
24,000,000
0
7,350,000
0
6,302,400
81,693,600
0
0
0
0
15,397,200
0
0
3,200,000
1,107,600
0
8,876,135
0
10,000,000
Cost (Tshs)
2016/2017
4
0
105
101
126.6
32.8
0
361
0
8.21
41.05
0
50,000
Annual target
67,948,716
24,000,000
0
7,350,000
0
6,302,400
81,693,600
0
0
0
0
18,772,000
0
0
2,000,000
312,000
0
4,212,316
0
5,000,000
Cost (Tshs)
2017/2018
SUMMARY OF ESTIMATES (TSHS) 1. Running, maintenance and procurement of vehicles
107,000,000/=
2 Silvicultur and Protection,
422,380,813/=
3. Office Administration
377,305,000/=
Total
906,685,813/=
77
5 T
GU AU S
78
79
43.8
29
59.23
41.3
79.51
180
45
HAMBALAWEI
SHUME FOREST
SHAGAYU FOREST
TOTAL
TOTAL AVERAGE
43.1
129.4
56.6
FEB
JAN
STATION
Appendix 1: Annual rainfall data
5.0 APPENDICES
141
423
91.8
218.2
113
MAR
126.5
379.5
109.5
135.8
135.1
APR
41.9
125.7
51.6
31.4
42.7
MAY
21.3
64
48
nil
16
JUN
2.4
7.20
4.59
nil
2.61
JULY
CHAPTER FIVE
8.58
17.16
6.53
5.4
5.23
AUG
16.9
50.86
9.58
20
21.28
SEPT
33.21
99.63
41.29
20.9
37.44
OCT
113.8
341.36
98.36
141.1
101.9
NOV
150.9
452.9
132
193.9
127
DEC
712
4275
730
837
705
80
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
BLOCK ID
SHAGAYU
BLOCK
SHW22
SHW139
SHW136
SHW124
SHW119
SHG8
SHG6
SHG48
SHG44
SHG4
SHG35
SHG33
SHG28
SHG26
SHG24
SHG19
SHG16
SHG14
SHG15
SHG13
SHG1
CMPT
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
SPP
2.8
2.6
0.5
1.3
0.8
0.9
0.9
2.4
1.7
2.3
1.7
5.4
1
1
0.7
0.5
1.9
0.4
3.9
1.1
0.9
AREA
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
P/YR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AGE YEARS
D.MEAN/ HA
H.MEAN/ HA
Appendix 2: Compartment register for Shume Forest Plantation
SITE CLASS
B.AREA/ HA
SPH/ HA
YT SPH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
VOL/ HA
YT VOL/ HA
YT CAI
ADJ CAI
TOTAL CAI
TOTAL VOLUME
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
REMARKS
81
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHG
SHG
MGE
MGE
MGE
SHW
SHE
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHW94
SHW103
SHW100
SHE196
SHW128
MGE22
MGE21
MGE20
SHG37
SHG21
SHE172
SHE170
SHE167
SHE158
SHE156
SHE153
SHE149
SHE144
SHE142
SHW97
SHW81
SHW52
SHW31
SHW25
CA/PP/ CL
0
0
CL
PE
0
0
0
CC
CC
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
EU
9.2
4.8
1.8
1
0.2
34.4
14.8
28
3.6
3.3
5.2
0.3
0.6
3.1
1.3
2.9
5.8
2.5
4.2
2
1.3
2
3
2.8
2001
2013
2013
2009
2013
2013
2013
2013
0
0
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2004
2013
2013
12
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
Natural forest
Natural forest
Natural forest
Natural forest
Natural forest
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
Fireline
82
MGW
SHE
MGW
SHW
SHW
SHW
MGW
MGW
MGW
SHW
SHE
SHW
SHW
MGE
MGE
MGE
SHG
SHG
SHW
MGE
MGE
MGE
SHUME EAST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHW
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
MGE4
MGE5
MGE12
SHW67
SHG49
SHG39
MGE8
MGE7
MGE2
SHW117
SHW113
SHE195
SHW126
MGW12
MGW19
MGW21
SHW105
SHW68
SHW38
MGW5
SHE51
MGW17
SHW101
SHW127
AC
AC
AC
0
0
0
PP
CA/GR
PP
CL
CL
CL
EU
PU
PA
JP/PU
JP
JP
EU
VK
JP
PA
EU
EU
18.8
22.4
24
57
6.8
0.1
6
15
16.2
0.8
0.4
1.5
2.3
3.3
0.7
0.5
5.1
3.8
2.3
2.4
1.7
0.5
2.1
0.3
2006
2008
2009
0
0
0
2008
2004
2006
1990
1942
1990
2011
2013
2013
1957
1976
1978
1951
1956
2010
2013
2007
2006
7
5
4
0
0
0
5
9
7
23
71
23
2
0
0
56
37
35
62
57
3
0
6
7
12
7
17
26
13
8
11
21
II
6.4
5.9
31.4
666
2263
350
662
45
44
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
289
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
844
981
721
1474
Open area
Open area
Open area
trial plot
trial plot
trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
Trial plot
trial plot
trial plot
trial plot
trial plot
Trial plot
trial plot
trial plot
83
MGE
MGE
MGE
MGE
MGE
SHG
SHE
SHE
MGW
MGE
MGE
MGW
MGW
SHW
SHW
MGE
SHG
MGW
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHAGAYU
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA WEST
SHW
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHW
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHW83
SHW131
MGW18
SHG27
MGE15B
SHW137
SHW77
MGW41
MGW6
MGE18
MGE16
MGW9
SHE198B
SHE197B
SHG34B
MGE1B
MGE9
MGE6
MGE3
MGE10A
SHE178B
SHE178A
SHE169
SHE168
CL
CL/PP
CL/JP
CL
CL
CL
CL
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
AF
AF
AF
AF
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC
3.1
3.1
6.5
3.7
1.4
10.9
1.1
3.2
2.2
29.4
3
4
3
5
10.2
0.9
10
23.6
26
4
0.7
1
0.9
1.9
2011
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2013
2003
2004
2004
2004
2008
2002
2002
2007
2009
2004
2004
2004
2004
2006
2006
2006
2006
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
10
9
9
9
5
11
11
6
4
9
9
9
9
7
7
7
7
0
1
1
0
0
0
9
15
13
19
42
22
23
15
7
14
16
12
15
14
11
18
17
0
1
1
0
0
0
14
13
14
13
20
15
20
12
10
12
15
15
13
12
11
18
16
III
III
III
IV
IV
II
II
IV
III
III
III
II
IV
I
I
5.5
8.6
####
7.4
7
19.7
29.6
1.3
3.49
7.1
6.3
7.93
15.9
8.39
19.4
16.6
718
901
1081
593
1423
773
683
950
1346
508
58
633
758
85
433
290
510
809
575
1250
933
850
950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
58
74
42
48
121
263
7.4
11
20
53
52
48
97
46
164
131
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
18
18
18
0
18
18
18
0
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
101
127
2186
127
192
364
1313
75
10
201
1248
1349
193
68
46
148
248
84
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MGE
MAGAMBA EAST
SHW115
SHW111
SHW30
SHW120
SHW21
SHW132
SHW45B
SHW122
SHW29
SHW28
SHW26
SHW24
SHW23
SHW134
SHE59
SHE155
SHG30
SHG29B
SHG29A
SH76
SHW36
SHW20
SHW75
MGE14
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL/PP
CL
19
5.2
2.9
23.9
22
22.4
5
19.2
10.1
6.9
12.6
21.6
19.3
15
14
2.9
1.1
3.9
4.2
9.7
1.5
36
14
0.44
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
6
12
7
7
6
7
7
7
5
5
6
4
4
7
1
1
1
2
0
3
1
1
0
0
5
10
6
6
5
6
9
4
4
4
5
3
3
5
1
2
2
0
2
2
1
3
3
0
V
III
V
8.22
834
828
714
446
1081
613
809
776
887
1027
770
951
620
533
982
1007
1033
1124
949
659
547
812
795
936
1500
1500
1500
9.7
39
9
5.8
10
9
18
7.4
4.5
6.1
7.1
3.2
2.9
6.6
0.1
0
0
0.3
0
0.4
0
0.1
0.3
0
42
71
42
14
30
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
16
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
142.6
84.65
18.64
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
184
203
26
139
221
201
89
142
45
42
89
70
56
99
2
0
1
4
3
4
0
TO BE CLEARFELLED 2014/2015
85
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHG
SHAGAYU
SHE185
SHE184
SHE186
SHW102
SHE42
SHE141B
SHW99
SHW98
SHW95
SHW80
SHW79
SHW41
SHW40
SHW39
SHW106
SHW37
SHW35
SHW45A
SHE44
SHE43B
SHE43A
SHE189
SHE183
SHG43
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL
22.5
16
26.5
1.3
1.4
3
2.8
4.7
8
8.6
0.8
8.5
6.5
3.3
9
8.4
28.1
13.3
1.4
4
18.3
21
25.6
17.7
2004
2004
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
9
9
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
20
20
20
12
14
20
16
14
16
22
15
16
16
14
17
17
17
14
12
12
13
20
18
17
12
9
12
8
13
16
11
10
11
21
11
7
8
7
8
10
8
13
8
7
11
14
12
11
IV
V
III
IV
II
II
III
III
III
II
III
V
V
V
IV
III
IV
II
IV
V
II
II
II
II
827
15.6
12.6
6
11.7
22.8
19.9
15.2
17
27.1
10.9
6.9
13.1
10.7
11.5
12.4
10.7
10.2
6
7.35
11.1
21.7
11.8
12.5
736
675
454
600
883
850
984
856
968
800
783
421
746
766
661
666
582
734
600
813
892
859
590
697
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
108
62
69
26
74
170
100
65
79
283
60
23
46
36
42
60
38
72
26
24
69
148
64
63
97
69
75
54
93
93
71
71
71
93
71
42
42
42
54
71
54
93
54
42
93
93
93
93
27
17
34
22
40
40
30
30
30
40
30
14
14
14
22
30
22
40
22
14
40
40
40
40
13
8
10
9
24
23
19
17
19
21
15
4
7
7
9
13
8
20
9
7
24
23
16
19
292.7
122.4
268.6
11.18
32.98
68
54.19
79.12
152.3
183.5
12.32
32.21
43.64
22.75
85.27
110
234.4
260.3
12.04
29.25
435.1
481.1
403
329
2424
996
1827
33.429
104
510
280.59
304.02
634.46
2433
48
196
301
118
381
503
1069
955
36
95
1263
3109
1642
1111
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
86
SHG
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHW
MGE
SHE
MGE
MGE
MGE
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHUME EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MAGAMBA EAST
MGE11
MGE13
MGE10B
SHE165
MGE
SHW85
SHE66
SHE179
SHW84
SHE160A
SHE65
SHW54A
SHW104
SHE62B
SHE64
SHW96
SHE180
SHE157
MGW44
SHG45
SHW93
SHW
SHAGAYU
MGW45
SHW78
SHE159
MGW
SHW
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST SHUME WEST
SHE
SHUME EAST
EU
EU/AC
EU
EU
EU/CL
CL/EU/ PP
CL
CL
CL
CL/EU
CL
CL/PP
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL/PP
CL
CL
CL
CL
CL/PP
CL/PP
CL/PP
3.5
23
14
1.9
13
12
63.7
18
3.2
5.9
47.3
46
6
6
8.6
19.5
19.5
2.7
6.1
0.5
20.5
10.1
9.8
2.6
2004
2004
2008
2013
2013
1990
1990
1990
1990
1991
1992
1992
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
9
9
5
0
0
23
23
23
23
22
21
21
16
16
15
15
14
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
13
6
35
39
36
38
37
36
31
26
26
23
25
22
16
24
12
19
24
19
21
11
14
5
22
22
17
24
21
22
21
16
16
23
22
17
14
18
9
12
18
12
13
IV
III
IV
IV
V
IV
V
IV
V
V
V
II
III
IV
IV
II
V
IV
II
IV
III
10.2
5.3
15.2
23.5
27.6
17.8
23.3
25.3
18.6
28.1
28.1
17.4
23.3
25.5
14.9
22.6
6.1
22.8
16.1
19.6
29.7
683
491
755
205
242
327
175
285
301
286
398
403
485
500
611
620
633
616
901
445
761
983
500
500
850
500
850
700
850
1150
1150
532
600
1050
1500
950
1500
1500
950
1500
1500
50
36
7
0
0
144
218
189
186
214
246
174
144
145
195
234
177
70
190
28
120
135
107
188
50
36
549
549
364
549
364
496
325
232
232
600
447
285
150
277
103
150
277
150
205
18
18
0
22
22
15
22
72
27
19
24
24
70
53
36
32
57
18
29
57
29
42
0
0
0
9
10
6
8
24
11
6
8
8
63
44
21
13
38
7
18
26
15
27
0
0
0
0
0
105.5
463.3
103.8
24.08
142.4
339.4
294.1
49.32
49.94
244.9
853.1
411.3
35.71
229.6
3.747
360.2
267.3
145.4
70.73
175
837
98
1731
13855
3398
596
1260
11636
8019
861.8
872.63
1675
4558.9
3459.3
188.11
1156
14
2450.3
1368
1052
488
to be clearfelled 2014/2015
to be clearfelled 2014/2015
Need compatimantation
TO BE CLEARFELLED 2014/2015
TO BE CLEARFELLED 2013/2014
ONLY 0.51 Ha TO BE CLEARFELLED 2013/2014 TO BE CLEARFELLEDN 2013/2014
to BE CLEARFELLEDN 2014/2015
ONLY 9.9 Ha TO BE CLEARFELLED 2014/2015 TO BE CLEARFELLEDN 2014/2015
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING ALREADY DONE 2012/2013 ALREADY DONE 2012/2013 UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
ALREADY DONE 2012/2013
87
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
MGW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
MGE
SHW
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA EAST
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHUME EAST
MGE15A
SHE181A
SHE177
SHE175
SHE171
SHW9
SHW12
SHW11
SHW10A
SHW19
SHW18
SHW17
SHW16
SHW15
SHW14
MGW23
SHW13
SHW1B
SHW4
SHW7
SHW54C
SHE148
SHE173B
SHE147
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR
GR/PP
GR
GR
GR
GR/PP
EU
EU
EU
EU
16
74.5
5.2
19.9
23.4
9.4
5.7
1.9
6.8
4
68
2
3.2
13.6
1.8
10.1
22.7
26.9
1.5
7.6
3.9
12.9
2.3
1.2
2012
2013
2013
2013
2013
2002
2002
2002
2002
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2009
2009
2009
2010
2002
2003
2003
2003
1
0
0
0
0
11
11
11
11
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
4
4
3
11
10
10
10
0
16
14
16
16
14
14
12
13
11
11
20
5
6
3
20
25
23
20
0
14
13
16
16
10
11
11
12
10
7
15
5
6
2
23
26
27
23
IV
IV
III
III
III
II
II
II
III
IV
I
I
I
I
I
16.9
12.3
19.2
17.6
7.06
10.6
7.5
11.5
6.2
9.96
15.7
18
22.3
24.6
21
743
877
916
1016
950
512
828
833
73.3
823
1066
570
982
637
1063
616
528
717
833
0
0
0
0
0
116
83
153
141
34
61
45
73
34
34
116
8.9
7.4
0
0.8
175
231
277
223
175
231
277
223
0
0
0
0
0
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
0
0
0
18
18
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1092
474
290
961
137
4166
89
235
466
62
1176
201
198
6
683
2983
637
268
to be clearfelled 2013/2014
to be clearfelled 2013/2014
to be clearfelled 2013/2014
to be clearfelled 2013/2014
88
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHG
SHW
SHW
MGW
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MGW
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHE
SHUME EAST
SHW6
SHW48
SHW47
SHW123
SHW1A
SHW3
SHW2
SHE166
SHE162
SHE154
SHE152
SHE151
SHE150
SHE143
MGW53
MGW51
SHW8A
SHW34
SHG3
SHW8B
SHE174
SHE164
MGW54
SHE176
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP/OC
PP/GR
PP
PP
PP
PP
18
12
36.5
13.3
12.5
1.2
0.7
8
8.1
14.9
2.9
1.9
2.2
8.4
7.7
11.9
14
3.9
64.7
12
27
9
9.7
8.6
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2012
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
3
3
3
6
5
1
1
2
3
3
3
2
3
1
1
2
21
2
0
0
2
0
2
3
2
5
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
25
6
0
1
2
0
18.5
923
510
429
651
819
992
809
874
835
769
1437
980
814
853
921
729
651
866
813
971
799
863
3.7
0.8
0.7
5.9
4.2
0
0
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.9
0.2
3.1
1.3
0.1
0.3
228
1.8
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
9
24
79
53
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
24
15
1
1
14783
21
0
0
2
0
89
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
SHW
SHW
SHW
MGW
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHE
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHW
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MGW
MAGAMBA WEST
SHE
MGW
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
MGW
MAGAMBA WEST
SHW5
SHE146
SHE140
SHW43
SHE187
SHE181B
SHE141A
MGW29
MGW27
SHW33
SHW32
SHW107
MGW43
MGW42
MGW37
MGW26
SHW27
SHW69
SHW71
SHW118
SHW109
MGW8
MGW7
MGW52A
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP/CL
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP/PR
PP/PR
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
54
25.4
2.4
14.3
23.9
6
38.6
19.5
10.1
0.5
19.5
2.2
6.8
4.3
0.7
7
21.6
0.3
14.2
14.6
10.1
12.1
26.2
1.5
2004
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
9
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
15
20
19
14
14
19
13
16
17
12
12
15
15
15
13
16
7
17
11
19
7
6
7
12
13
14
13
19
10
11
13
14
7
8
8
12
11
9
11
6
14
6
18
5
5
7
III
II
II
II
III
III
III
II
II
V
IV
IV
II
III
III
III
V
II
V
10.5
17
25.5
10.2
13.3
10.6
6.35
11.8
11.6
8.8
7.59
18.4
13.9
14.2
8.4
12.5
11.6
8
18.3
686
602
945
734
531
430
597
631
590
916
775
958
883
900
666
778
796
590
980
742
905
751
466
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
68
107
173
72
115
50
38
83
87
32
33
69
92
81
40
80
12
87
24
168
12
0
8.1
7.3
136
104
104
93
75
75
75
104
104
40
58
54
104
75
75
75
40
104
40
32
37
37
40
31
31
31
34
34
16
24
22
34
31
31
31
16
34
16
0
0
0
0
15
15
23
20
11
9
12
14
13
10
12
14
20
18
14
16
8
13
10
0
0
0
0
790.3
372.2
55.19
279.9
258
52.46
468.6
278.9
135.1
4.885
236.8
30.21
136.1
78.69
9.479
110.7
183.4
4.012
148.4
0
0
0
0
0
3681
2710
415.38
1026.8
2741.2
300
1480
1623
882
16
653
151.56
624
349
28
558
255
26.198
343.54
2455
119
211
11
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
90
MGW
SHE
SHW
SHG
SHE
SHE
SHG
SHE
SHG
SHW
SHW
SHG
SHG
SHG
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHAGAYU
SHUME EAST
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
MGW
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHW112
SHW138
SHE198A
SHE197A
SHE192
SHE191
MGW34
SHG46
SHG42
SHG10
SHW10C
SHW10B
SHG41
SHE190
SHG25
SHE173A
SHE163
SHG47
SHW50
SHE188
MGW14
MGW11
SHW53
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP/OC
PP/AC/ CL
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
7
21
15.7
58.7
7.3
0.8
3.4
88
0.5
20.2
108
105
0.5
38.1
4.4
6
2.5
26.6
19
15.2
0.6
2.4
1.2
2001
2001
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
16
22
21
21
22
18
23
20
21
23
18
18
23
19
12
18
18
21
17
18
21
22
25
12
17
13
13
18
11
20
20
18
15
14
17
19
13
9
14
14
20
16
15
17
18
19
V
IV
IV
IV
III
V
III
III
II
IV
IV
IV
II
IV
V
III
III
II
II
II
II
III
II
1634
24.9
17.3
16
22.6
10
16.4
15.8
22.7
23.4
19.5
16.6
12.9
13.8
6.1
23.5
28.7
22.9
25.5
12.2
17.8
22
28.4
623
625
540
501
645
195
441
580
642
648
619
610
375
625
616
905
910
796
950
595
633
733
683
1500
900
1500
1500
850
1500
850
850
850
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
100
171
107
97
185
56
159
153
185
166
102
124
116
92
28
165
209
224
228
95
145
200
256
142
267
154
154
293
106
293
293
293
154
154
154
154
103
200
200
205
250
172
172
136
172
19
26
25
25
34
18
34
34
43
25
25
25
18
25
18
33
33
41
41
39
39
32
39
8
18
9
8
25
2
17
23
32
11
10
10
0
10
7
20
20
22
26
15
16
16
18
53.79
371.9
141.3
490
185.6
1.872
59.09
900
16.24
218.2
456.7
200.4
0
396.9
32.98
118.6
49.67
278.7
493.4
235.3
9.875
37.53
21.31
699.68
3590.5
1676
5693
1352
45
542
13499
92.631
3348.3
10981
13003
58
3501
123.2
992
522
5971
4329
1437
87
480
307
UNDERSTOCKED (SUGGESTED FOR CLEARFELLED)
UNDERSTOCKED (SUGGESTED FOR CLEARFELLED)
DONE NEED SECOND THINNING
DONE NEED SECOND THINNING
DONE NEED SECOND THINNING
UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING UNDERSTOCKED NEED SECOND THINNING
91
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
MGW
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHE
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHW
SHG
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
SHG
SHAGAYU
SHW
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHW129
SHW125
SHE56
SHE61
SHE60
SHE58
SHE57
SHW92
SHW90
SHW89
SHW88
SHW87
SHE46
MGW32
MGW31
MGW22
MGW2
MGW16
MGW15
MGW13
SHG9
SHG36
SHW49
SHW121
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
25.9
29.2
39.2
6.4
1.6
19.4
39.2
40.4
3.3
13.1
20.4
5.5
101
9.1
1.3
0.2
96
3.1
1.8
3.1
12.3
60
20
18.4
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
25
###
21
23
21
21
21
26
22
24
23
22
20
21
18
21
23
20
21
24
23
24
18
21
20
18
14
18
24
14
14
22
16
17
20
18
15
16
20
25
21
19
21
24
20
17
15
16
III
IV
V
IV
II
V
V
IV
IV
IV
III
IV
V
IV
II
II
IV
III
II
II
III
IV
IV
IV
21.1
31
23.5
19.2
19.6
26.5
23.5
24.5
33.4
31.9
28.6
20.5
21.4
33.3
26.8
13.2
22.7
23.7
26.5
29.3
23.1
267
16.7
28.3
500
520
600
570
615
600
605
556
602
510
611
605
610
580
600
433
530
550
549
538
603
630
596
600
900
1000
1500
1000
850
1500
1500
850
1000
1000
900
1500
1500
1500
850
850
850
900
850
850
900
1500
1500
1500
0.5
170
117
166
224
128
118
250
238
165
211
183
147
235
255
170
190
129
169
247
144
197
104
142
335
255
142
229
336
142
142
336
229
229
267
204
204
204
336
336
336
267
336
336
267
142
142
204
35
36
19
26
45
19
19
26
26
26
34
26
19
25
44
43
26
34
44
44
34
25
25
25
19
19
8
15
32
8
8
17
15
13
23
10
8
10
31
22
16
21
28
28
23
11
10
10
199.4
550.4
297.9
93.02
51.52
147.4
300.4
473.9
100.7
170.4
470.9
56.57
359.9
88.85
40.15
4.381
1001
63.94
50.86
85.84
278.1
436.3
200.7
185.8
13
4974.5
4582.4
1063.1
357.65
2476.7
4619
10106
785.34
2156.1
4307.7
1008
14836
2141.5
331.38
34
18248
400.05
303.87
766.26
1765.2
11832
2074.2
2620
92
SHW
SHG
MGW
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHE
SHW
MGW
SHE
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHG
SHG
MGW
MGW
MGW
SHE
SHE
SHG
SHG
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHW
SHUME WEST
SHG31
SHG5
SHE182
SHE160B
MGW30
MGW3
MGW25
SHG32
SHG2
SHW114
SHW110B
SHW135
SHE161
MGW28
SHW82
SHE194
SHE193
SHE145
MGW33
MGW1
SHG7
SHW91
SHW86
SHW130
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP/EU/ AC
PP/EU
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
65.4
6.1
45.5
2
6.6
7.5
0.7
0.1
31.8
1.3
3
2.4
4.8
6.6
8.6
41.3
6.9
5.4
1.5
5.6
58
33.1
22.5
8.8
1997
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
25
30
25
23
30
25
19
28
21
25
22
25
25
28
22
23
21
19
30
22
22
26
25
26
24
20
14
23
20
19
15
25
19
22
20
24
21
25
21
14
14
19
25
20
18
16
19
19
III
IV
V
III
IV
IV
V
II
IV
III
IV
II
V
III
IV
V
V
IV
II
III
IV
V
III
III
19.1
22.4
29.8
20.3
22.4
32.8
15.3
20.6
17.2
27.9
27.7
32.2
6.58
22.6
27.2
25.6
19.3
20.3
14.1
22
18.9
25.9
24.6
25.2
409
406
640
600
433
580
600
433
590
600
590
600
265
442
600
602
605
590
225
610
550
520
500
219
900
1000
1200
900
1000
1000
1200
850
1000
900
1000
850
1200
900
1000
1200
1200
1000
850
900
1000
1200
900
900
192
189
180
198
201
248
119
240
155
253
206
311
63
263
212
150
128
139
163
179
148
176
186
220
405
255
180
335
255
255
180
425
255
335
255
425
180
335
255
180
180
255
425
335
255
180
335
335
36
26
20
35
26
26
20
47
26
35
26
47
20
35
26
20
20
26
46
35
26
20
35
35
16
11
11
23
11
15
10
24
15
23
15
33
4
17
15
10
10
15
12
23
14
8
19
8
855.1
64.39
485.3
46.67
74.3
113.1
7
2.394
246.8
30.33
46.02
79.62
21.2
113.4
132.9
404.1
67.84
82.04
18.17
130.9
821.4
279.7
431.3
73.88
12570
1150
8168
396
1327
1863.5
83
24
4930.6
329.14
617.24
745.66
302
1736
1824.8
6198.3
883.65
753.05
244
1004
8562.5
5835.7
4183.2
1934
ALREADY DONE 2012/2013
ALREADY DONE 2012/2013 ALREADY DONE 2012/2013
UNDERSTOCKED (SUGGESTED FOR CLEARFELLED)
UNDERSTOCKED (SUGGESTED FOR CLEARFELLED)
UNDERSTOCKED (SUGGESTED FOR CLEARFELLED)
93
SHG
SHE
SHE
SHW
MGW
SHG
MGW
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHG
SHW
MGW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHW
SHG
SHAGAYU
SHUME EAST
SHUME EAST
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHAGAYU
MAGAMBA WEST
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHAGAYU
SHUME WEST
MAGAMBA WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHUME WEST
SHAGAYU
SHG38
SHW74
SHW73
SHW70
SHW72
MGW24
SHW54B
SHG17
SHG12
SHG23
SHG18
MGW52B
SHG11
MGW4
SHW116
SHE63
SHE62A
SHG40
VK
PR
PR
PR
PR
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
4304
0.7
10.6
10.3
11
9.2
7
7
49.8
51.3
7.4
54.7
7.5
41.1
49.4
0.4
16.5
40
0.4
1957
2006
2007
2007
2009
1991
1992
1993
1993
1993
1995
1995
1995
1996
1996
1997
1997
1997
56
7
6
6
4
22
21
20
20
20
18
18
18
17
17
16
16
16
13
2
13
1
21
33
25
27
31
28
28
27
26
23
23
25
25
7
7
7
4
21
22
21
23
28
19
21
21
19
19
14
20
16
V
IV
IV
V
IV
IV
IV
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
V
IV
V
5.4
7.05
10
12.6
29.8
30.5
37.9
20.3
15.2
23.5
17.2
24.6
24.4
36.1
23.5
280
556
743
636
562
365
160
360
380
400
383
310
406
406
221
405
405
410
1500
1500
1500
850
700
700
700
550
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1200
1000
1200
222
20
2.1
28
0.9
104
123
232
290
344
174
151
199
157
223
100
172
132
40
58
58
321
408
408
408
544
361
361
361
307
307
220
307
220
5
16
50
50
0
11
13
21
21
30
25
25
25
27
27
21
27
20
6
25
21
0
5
3
11
11
21
10
8
10
11
6
7
11
7
30890
0
62.81
255.2
233.2
0
33.06
20
525
570.9
158.8
529
56.71
421.3
541.8
2.387
114.2
429.3
2.733
439967
155.23
211
22
308
8
728
860
11546
14854
2546.3
9544
1133
8178.7
7776
89
1656.2
6869.6
52.927
TO BE CLEARFELLED 2014/2015
ONLY 40.23 Ha TO BE CLEARFELLED 2016/2017
only 54.48 Ha to be clearfelled 2015/2016
to be clearfelled 2017/2018
only 45.51 Ha to be clearfelled 2017/2018
94
Transportation of Transplants to planting sites
Preparing, arranging and counting of transplants for field planting
Root pruning
Pre-treatment of seeds
Beating up in the pots
Repairing of revetments And wire tensioning
Spraying, pricking out and weeding
Watering of pots, watering and sowing of seeds
Soil mixing, soil watering And pot filling
Preparation of soil in the Forest and transportation to the nursery
Operations
Month
Appendix 3: Nursery calender July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
FIRE PLAN 1. SOURCE: Incidences of fire in Shume plantation arises from the following sources: a) Burning operation in newly allocated Shambas before planting. b) Fire lit by herdsmen, honey hunters and hyrax hunters. c) Fire lit by people traveling across the forest area. d) Burning of debris in areas adjacent to plantations outside the forest. 2. FIRE SEASON The highest period of fire hazard is generally from August to November. During this period winds blow strongly from SouthEast. January to April is another fire hazard period to long rains. 3. AREA OF HIGHEST HAZARD: a) Plantations adjacent to Shambas being prepared for planting. b) Plantations in the vicinity of residential plots. c) Compartments bound on public land being cultivated or been done recently. d) Other areas being harvested and favoured by hunters. 4. FIRE PROTECTION
5.1 ROADS There is an adequate road network in each of the blocks of the project. The road system forms a basis for fire protection in subdividing the plantation areas, which provide quick access to any part of plantations. These roads can be used as firebreaks and as base lines for back firing.
5.2 FIRE BREAK Roads serve as firebreaks. A distance of 5m from the edge of the road is slashed on both sides. Where plantation are bound on cultivated lands, either public or residential and where no road is located to serve as a firebreak, a strip 10m wide scraped and maintained. Compartment boundaries are 10m wide strips. The maintenance of compartment boundaries and minor firebreaks should be kept to a minimum. Shrub growth is needed to be cut. In case of fire, a line can be quickly cleared by hand tools or mechanically.
95
5.FIRE LOOKOUT TOWERS
5.3 SHUME PLANTATION A fire tower exists and situated on the north of compartment 46 and gives adequate lookout of the area. These services as far as to Hambalawei block, with exception of Sungwi and the eastern slope of Shume valley.
5.4 SHAGAYU PLANTATION The fire tower at Shagayu is in compartment 36 this has been supplemented by a further fire tower in the northern section of the plantations near compartment 3. 6. BURNING POLICY No burning is allowed except in connection with clearing of land or preparation under the supervision of the plantation staff. 7. PROJECT MEASURES: The Assistant Forest officers in charge of each range are responsible for the intensive protection measures applied to their ranges. They are responsible for initiating and coordinating action in case of fire and take care of fire fighting. They should ensure that all necessary fire fighting equipment are available, in good order and that only initial action in case of fire is communicated to project centre at Gologolo as quick as possible. Mobility and speed are of utmost importance.
5.5 FIRELOOKOUT AND PATROL The fire lookout points are manned by trained, reliable personel and visual watch maintained everyday from morning 11.00 am to 6.00 pm evening as conditions warrant. Foot patrols are detailed by Manager to cover hazardous areas.
5.6 COMMUNICATIONS There is no field telephone system in this plantation to date. A daily fire duty roster is always under full swing during dry periods.
5.7 FIRE FIGHTING STANDBY CREW: A Standby crew of 5-6 men is maintained within easy reach of the plantation centers with transport and fire equipment ready at all time. This unit is trained and forms the initial expression force in case of fire breakout. The unit reaches fire spot as quickly as possible and initial fire expression action till additional people if required is supplied. 96
5.8 TRANSPORT AND EQUIPMENTS The location of all transport articles should be known at all times. A reliable vehicle is available at each time with a standby driver on.
5.9 WARNING NOTICE Signboard with words “USICHOME MOTO” are plced at all major points of entry to the plantation area some notice are placed near residential centers within the project.
5.10 TRAINING Training is emphasized on fire prevention, quick response to fire alarm, used of fire equipment methods of fire suppressions and safety measures.
5.11 FIRE FIGHTING Primary objects considered in fire fighting are: 1. Early detection 2. Immediate dispatch of standby unit 3. Control - reducing or stopping fire spread 4. Suppression – extinguishing all burning materials. Early detection and reporting firebreak is essential. There must be no delay in reporting fire to the project center and communications are maintained to ensure this. Fire is controlled as quickly as possible. Initial force attacks the major area of fire spread first once the spread of fire has been controlled further suppression action are followed. Hand tools are used to extinguish burning material. Water supplies are plentiful in the project area therefore water pumps should be used with the greatest effect possible with the limited water available. Though a fire is suppressed when all combustion material has ceased or mopped up. Once fire is suppressed the crews withdraw to the project center ready for further fire outbreak elsewhere. A number of fire fighters is kept patrolling the area till all combustion is ceased. The number varies according to the burned area, sufficient enough to handle any flare- ups that occur and to systematically extinguish all smoking debris, with emphasis on the area within 60 metres of the fire line. In this area hot training is done with the hand locating hot areas around stumps etc. to locate burning roots which may cause ground fires.
97
8. FIRE REPORTS All fires within the forest plantation are reported after they have been put out. The forest Manager prepares a report to the Director of Forestry at the Head Office. The report includes the following: 1. Station 2. Date fire commenced 3. Fire discovered 4. Time discovered 5. Method of alarm 6. Weather condition â&#x20AC;&#x201C; very hot, wind, humidity, and other remarks 7. (a) first sighting of the fire (b) Size of the fire when sighted 8. Vehicles mobilized to fight fire - (tools used- pangas, jembes etc) 9. Time taken to reach fire 10. Officer incharge of fire 11. (a) Account of progress of fire (type, spread and direction spot fire etc) (b) Measures taken to suppress fire 12. Number of person involved 13. Cessation of main activities 14. Complete extinguishments 15. Casualties among persons 16. Assessment of hectarage burnt and estimated timber lost 17. Comments and recommendations 9. CONCLUSION The plantation Manager evaluates the fire condition within the project area and plan for the shifting of emphasis to area of immediate high hazard as necessary. Supplying of additional equipment for the fire fighting from one block to another is planned.
98
Appendix 4: Research activities at Shume Forest Plantation INSTITUTE CONCERNED
OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
LOCALITY
C.lustanica &Leucaena leucosephala
TTSA
Seed production
Magamba
5
Vitex keniensis
TTSA
Seed production
Magamba
3
19
Ocotea usambarensis
TAFORI
Unknown
Magamba
4
20
Criptomeria japonica
TAFORI
Uknown
Magamba
5
21
Juniperus procera
TAFORI
Unknown
Magamba
6
55
Araucaria augustifolia
TAFORI
Unknown
Magamba
7
57
Pinus eliotii
TAFORI
Unknown
Magamba
8
195
Cupressus lustanica
TAFORI
Unknown
Hambalawei
9
196
Cupressus lustanica
TAFORI
Unknown
Hambalawei
10
59
Pinus patula
SUA, MOROGORO
11
62
P.patula &Leucaena leucosephala
SUA MOROGORO
Study on nutrient conservation experiment in 2nd rotation
Gologolo
12
126
P.patula
TAFORI
Unknown
Gologolo
13
128
P .patula
TAFORI
Unknown
Gologolo
14
94
P .patula
TAFORI
Spacing on different spacing
Gologolo
15
94
P.patula &Casuarina equistifolia
SUA MOROGORO
Study on nutrient conservation experiment
16
15
Podo, wattle & P.radiata
TAFORI
S/N
COMPT
SPECIES
1
1
2
Gologolo
Magamba
Appendix 5: Distance from gologolo to neighbouring towns and villages TANGA 40.0
MOMBO
73.6
33.6
LUSHOTO
110.7
44.8
11.2
MAGAMBA
152.0
51.2
17.6
6.4
GREWAL
203.2
60.8
27.2
16.0
9.6
GOLOGOLO
270.4
67.2
33.6
22.3
16.0
6.4
VITI
356.8
86.4
52.8
41.6
35.2
25.6
19.2
SHAGAYU
99
100
101
Notes
102
103
104