ACWM Magazine (Spring 2021): Annual Report by The American Civil War Museum

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR MUSEUM

WINTER/SPRING 2021

ANNUAL REPORT THE BATTLE FOR THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST MEET THE NEW CEO

LETTER FROM THE INTERIM CEO

ROB HAVERS, PH.D. CEO JOHN M. COSKI Editor PENELOPE M. CARRINGTON Magazine Design

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Edward L. Ayers Ph.D. J. Gordon Beittenmiller Claude P. Foster George C. Freeman III Bruce C. Gottwald Sr. David C. Gompert* Monroe E. Harris Jr. D.D.S. Elizabeth Cabell Jennings Richard S. Johnson Donald E. King John L. Nau III Lewis F. Powell III Walter S. Robertson III O. Randolph Rollins Kenneth P. Ruscio Ph.D. Thomas A. Saunders III Leigh Luter Schell Daniel G. Stoddard Ruth Streeter W. Hildebrandt Surgner Mario M. White Elisabeth S. Wollan Ph.D. ACWM FOUNDATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Donald E. King* President J. Gordon Beittenmiller* David C. Gompert Walter S. Robertson III* Kenneth P. Ruscio Ph.D. * Jeffrey Wilt Elisabeth Muhlenfeld Wollan Ph.D. (ex officio)* *Also on Museum Board

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ear Friends,

For the last 13 months, I have had the privilege of helping to steer this remarkable institution through some uncommonly turbulent waters. As we look to the arrival of a new President and CEO, it is gratifying to report that the American Civil War Museum has weathered the upheaval of the last year with energy, creativity, and integrity. On March 1, 2021, a new president will take the reins of a young museum that has already made a name for itself not just in the region but throughout the country. Both our beautiful new building at Tredegar (not yet two years old) and our signature exhibit, A People’s Contest, have won numerous awards for excellence and innovation. And, despite the frustrations and lost revenues of a year-long pandemic, the ACWM is in the strongest financial position it has ever been. This issue of the American Civil War Museum Magazine illustrates why this is so: it is because we have a superb staff of professionals, each of whom embraces a compelling mission. You can glimpse in this issue the day-to-day work of the departments that make the Museum run. The Magazine itself (edited by Dr. John Coski since its inception as the magazine of The Museum of the Confederacy in 2005), highlights the many facets of our operation. The Marketing and Public Relations department not only designs and produces the Magazine, but also maintains our website and keeps our social media accounts fresh and full of accurate and timely information.

The sine qua non of the ACWM is the Ayers Center for Civil War and Emancipation Studies, under whose umbrella live Collections, Education, and Programs. Led by Stephanie Arduini, the Museum’s Deputy Director, this group of professionals manages our extensive collections, making them available for researchers, and uses them in conjunction with the latest historical scholarship to develop exhibits, programs, and other educational offerings. Several pieces in this issue emerge from this division, including Chris Graham’s article on the Confederate invasion of New Mexico (related to our new Southern Ambitions exhibit), Kelly Hancock on Brown’s Island (in our On the Waterfront series), and, perhaps most important to our mission, Joseph Rogers’ piece on the myriad ways we have been able to reach

FOUNDATION UPDATE

ear Members and Friends,

out to students and teachers across the Commonwealth and beyond, thanks to a generous state grant. The Museum’s financial report reflects the fine work of Kirk Blandford, CFO and head of Finance and Administration, whose expertise and sheer diligence have enabled us to navigate three months of closure and the uncertainty of in-person visitation in the COVID era by negotiating PPP loans and managing cash flow with only minimal staff furloughs. Along with Bob Sayre, head of Visitor Engagement (our front-line staff), Kirk was able in May 2020 to make remarkably accurate revenue predictions that we have actually exceeded. The Roll of Honour and Museum Stewards lists in this issue are the purview of Patrick Daughtry, who heads Advancement. Under his leadership, working with a committed and generous Board of Directors, we have maintained membership and robust annual fund donations. History museums exist to tell the stories of our collective past and, thus, to illuminate our understanding of ourselves and our contemporary culture. They are human institutions, and they succeed or fail depending on the talent and commitment of the humans who run them. In the case of the American Civil War Museum, we are custodians of many treasures — from our buildings to the thousands upon thousands of documents and artifacts in our collections. The ACWM staff magically enables these treasures to “speak” to the public. They are our greatest resource, and I have been honored to work with them.

Elisabeth Muhlenfeld Wollan Interim CEO

The Foundation has excellent news to report. Despite the pandemic, recent financial performance has been outstanding and prospects for the coming year are very good. We received $1 million from the Commonwealth of Virginia in 2020 and will receive another $1 million in 2021. We are working to have this become a permanent annual appropriation in support of Civil War education for Virginia’s school children. (See feature article on page 8) The Museum’s fiscal year ending June 30, 2020 finished in the black, attendance has rebounded from pandemic lows, and we anticipate another positive fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. Exceptional financial support from Board Members and major donors, together with outstanding management of Museum operations, made this possible.

The first Anniversary Celebration of our new Tredegar Museum honoring Christy Coleman, Ed Ayers and Waite Rawls was a huge success, with keynote speaker David Blight hailing us as the preeminent venue for Civil War history. The Robins Experience Theatre is fully funded, in production, and scheduled to open this year. It will be a compelling experience for our visitors and a tremendous boost to our marketing. Dr. Rob Havers has taken the helm as our new CEO (see page 6), and, as you will read below, Michelle Ruggieri has joined our Foundation team as Member and Donor Relations Coordinator. With these and other strategic additions to the Museum staff, we are poised to undertake other exciting new initiatives.

Donald E. King Chair of the Foundation

Michelle Ruggieri Joins Foundation Team as New Donor, Member Coordinator Michelle Ruggieri is no stranger to the world of nonprofits, having been a part of them for most of her career, holding positions that include House Manager at the Public Theater (aka Shakespeare in the Park), Office Manager at T. Schreiber Studio, Finance Assistant at American Friends of Magen David Adom, and, most recently, Donor Stewardship Associate at Colonial Williamsburg. Ruggieri holds a Bachelors in Arts Administration and a Masters in Computer Information Systems. A native New Yorker and a Yankees fan in her spare time she enjoys seeing/ performing in musical theater and attending comic conventions.

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CONTENTS WINTER/SPRING 2021

PHOTO BY ROBERT HANCOCK

MEET THE NEW CEO DR. ROB HAVERS

A SWORD, A KEPI AND THE BATTLE FOR THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST 4

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ON THE WATERFRONT BROWN’S ISLAND

DEPARTMENTS

ANNUAL REPORT

02 LETTER FROM THE INTERIM CEO

18 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

03 FOUNDATION UPDATE

19 ROLL OF HONOUR

Letter from the President

08 EDUCATION

A Million Dollar Investment in Educational Excellence

16 CALENDAR OF EVENTS

SHOP 40 BOOKS BY THE 2021 SYMPOSIUM SPEAKERS & MORE

21 TRIBUTE GIFTS 22 MUSEUM STEWARDS 32 ACWM STAFF 33 TEACHERS ADVISORY COUNCIL 33 THE TREDEGAR SOCIETY & VOLUNTEERS

34 DONATIONS TO THE COLLECTION

COVER PHOTO: Aerial view of the American Civil War Museum and the Tredegar Iron Works site courtesy of Jeff Arnowitz. ABOVE PHOTO: Stereograph, Panoramic view of Richmond in ruins, courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

MEET THE NEW CEO

DR. ROB HAVERS The road to Richmond for the American Civil War Museum’s new CEO, Dr. Rob Havers, began in London, wound through Cambridge and Sandhurst, and vaulted the Atlantic to Fulton, Missouri, before leading to Virginia. After a side-trip to Chicago and a disruptive Year of COVID, Havers picks up the ACWM’s leadership reins as this issue goes to press. BY JOHN M. COSKI

r. Havers’ career has featured a comfortable symbiosis of academic and public history, and has demonstrated consistent success as administrator, fundraiser, and communicator. The seeds for that career were planted long before.

teach today.” Havers earned his B.A. in History and Politics from Queen Mary College, University of London, his M.A. in Later Modern British History from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and his Ph.D. from Pembroke College, University of Cambridge. His academic concentration was in the history of World War II, and his doctoral dissertation and first book were about Japanese prison camps in Southeast Asia.

“I have had an interest in history for as long as I can remember,” Havers explained. “Sharing the interest and passion, as my career path attests, began in the classroom but has morphed into the realm of public history and museums and cultural institutions. To my mind, the opportunities to engage and excite people about history via an historic site or visitor experience is significant.” “The committee was thrilled that Rob was interested in our position,” remarked the ACWM Board of Directors Search Committee Chair Walter S. Robertson III. “We had an outstanding group of candidates, but Rob really stood out as that experienced leader who could take us to a new level and build on the outstanding jobs of his predecessors. Rob has a love for and dedication to history and what it can

WINTER/SPRING 2021

“I have had an interest in history

for as long as I can remember . . . Sharing the interest and passion, as my career path attests, began in the classroom but has morphed into the realm of public history and museums and cultural institutions.”

After several years teaching military and international history at Cambridge, The London School of Economics and Political Science, and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, Dr. Havers received a Fulbright Award as a Visiting Professor of British History at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. It was there, of course, that Winston Churchill delivered his “Iron Curtain” address in 1946. Appropriately, it was the man who personified Britain in World War II and who was the son of an American mother who led Dr. Havers across the

Atlantic and into the museum profession.

Museum offered a challenge Havers was keen to take on.

Havers continued to serve as assistant professor of history at Westminster when he became executive director of the college’s Winston Churchill Memorial (subsequently The National Churchill Museum) in 2004. For ten years he was immersed in the nuts-and-bolts operations of an institution that interprets the largerthan-life Churchill to an ever-changing public.

“The American Civil War Museum was an entity I knew from my time in Virginia and the new organization and what has grown from its parent entities is extremely impressive and more than the sum of its constituent parts,” Havers said. “The opportunity to come back to Virginia, to bring the Civil War to life for new generations was one that I had to take. I look forward to leading this institution to national and, indeed, international prominence and to telling the complex, controversial but ultimately inspiring story of the Civil War to new generations of Americans.”

In 2014, Havers took on a similar role at a museum and library dedicated to educating the public about an American World War II figure who rarely receives the attention he deserves: General George C. Marshall of Virginia. As president and CEO of the George C. Marshall Foundation, located on the post of Marshall’s alma mater, the Virginia Military Institute, Havers solidified the institution’s finances and initiated an ambitious series of outreach and educational programs. He branched out to a more general study of American military history early in 2019 as President and

“The opportunity to come back

to Virginia, to bring the Civil War to life for new generations was one that I had to take. I look forward to leading this institution to national and, indeed, international prominence and to telling the complex, controversial but ultimately inspiring story of the Civil War to new generations of Americans.” DR. ROB HAVERS

CEO of the Pritzker Military Museum and Library in downtown Chicago. Concentrating on the study of the American Citizen-Soldier and the wider meaning of military service, Pritzker emphasizes

innovative public programming, including an in-house television production studio and a weekly PBS TV show. The vacancy at the helm of the new American Civil War

Search Committee Chair Robertson echoed Havers. “Rob’s résumé and track record of success were impressive but more so was his understanding and dedication to the importance of our mission. We are extremely excited about our future with a new building, our recently completed capital campaign, and now this exceptional new leader in Rob Havers.”

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

E D U C AT I O N

A MILLION DOLLAR INVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE BY JOSEPH S.H. ROGERS

hen you were young, were you ever asked: “what would you do if you had a million dollars?” When I was 8 years old, I think I said that I would buy a big house, a boat,or superpowers (after all, Batman and the Green Arrow bought most of their powers). Regardless, it was a question that I left for idle thoughts about winning the lottery that I never played or the discovery of some rich, longlost relatives who passed away and left their fortune to me. So, after months of presenting our case to the Virginia Department of Education and the General Assembly, I was delighted to learn that the Museum had received a $1 million appropriation in Virginia’s 8

WINTER/SPRING 2021

Midlothian High School teachers sharing a work day and virtual tour at the ACWM with Joseph Rogers.

2020 budget. For more than a year, staff and board members worked with policymakers on the idea of Virginia financially supporting the Museum’s mission to serve the Commonwealth’s students and educators. We demonstrated both the impact current offerings had with students and educators and also highlighted the possibilities of expanded funding. With state approval, the new funds made museum admission and programming (both in-person and online) free for all Virginia K-12 public school students and educators for the duration of the funding period. With all of the planning, the timing

of this money provided a tremendous opportunity – and a great responsibility. We received the funding at a time that COVID-19 was forcing schools to reimagine educational experiences and to chart their courses amid great uncertainty. As we talked with our educator colleagues, our team quickly and creatively transformed our programs. We launched the first Homefront Education video in March to support learning for homebound students and educators, including parents who found themselves as teachers in classrooms at home. By using the programs already developed and by adapting them for digital teaching, we utilized a newly essential

medium to reach our audience. That first storytime video now has evolved into a collection of more than 15 pre-recorded programs and gallery walk-throughs, more than 25 thematically-organized educator resources, and nine children’s book read-alouds related to the Civil War and our collection. Stay tuned for the second season to be released in March. By fall 2020, we created and hired a new coordinator position for our education programs. Aida Ali has been essential in our efforts both to establish and build relationships with all 132 Virginia school districts and to implement our educational programs and experiences, virtually

A I DA A L I and physically. Aida led the enhanced targeted outreach to schools to create deeper relationships with as many districts as possible across Virginia. She continues to create new virtual programs and is the primary point of contact for our Virginia Teacher Advisory Council.

Our virtual programs have seen a huge increase in demand, both in Virginia and across the country. While most Virginia schools teach the Civil War era in the spring, we still facilitated virtual conversations with more than 300 students from across the Commonwealth and had 300 more come in-person to our locations at Richmond and Appomattox in small, COVID-appropriate groups or with their families. Even teachers from

neighboring counties have come to host their class at the Museum for a

“I liked the information that was brought up and the interaction so that it’s not just a lecture.” STUDENT FEEDBACK

day, while we conduct before-hours tours of the galleries and Q&A segments that elicit some incredibly insightful questions. We’ve heard great feedback from program participants. “I liked the information that was brought up and the interaction so that it’s not just a lecture,” said one student of an online interactive program. “It’s consistent with people that come in and talk to us, and we learn a lot about Black American History,” said another. They’ve also let us know how we can do better, and we have taken those suggestions to heart. In a year that gave us a global pandemic, nationwide unrest, and significant changes on the local level, the funding’s focus “to support the advancement of experiential learning opportunities for K-12 students” and “support high-quality off-site learning experience for students to engage in educational content” initially seemed a daunting task. Nearly 12 months later, however, we have: • a new slate of digital programs on our web page in the Homefront Ed Series • two full-time positions funded for the Museum’s education staff, plus additional staff time from other departments • an updated Virtual Programs and Educator Resources guide • a new arm of our Teacher Advisory Council, specifically of, by, and for Virginia educators • become a founding partner of

the Virginia Declaration of Learning educator professional development initiative, in collaboration with three other museums, the U.S. State Department, and the Virginia Department of Education • a contributing partnership for the REAL Richmond history initiative with Richmond Public Schools And it doesn’t stop there. This winter, we launched a new two-month digital initiative for Virginia students and educators: The Peake Series. Named for Mary S. Peake, a free African-American woman who dedicated her time and skills to education under difficult circumstances, this student-centered series highlights the stories of African Americans and of women throughout the Civil War and beyond. Throughout the months of February and March these programs will be a combination of studentfocused live talks and Q&A sessions with our staff. Separately, this April, we will launch the Civil War and Emancipation Day Teacher Cohort for Richmond region educators in partnership with the Library of Virginia, the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, and Richmond National Battlefield Park It has become obvious to me that, however well-intentioned the 8-year-old me may have been wanting the house and the boat and the powers, there is so much more that can be done with a million dollars, and that the best way we could possibly spend it is in service to others. We will continue to build our programs and partnerships to bring the highest quality content to our community and to our audience. We will continue to show students of diverse ages, regions, and backgrounds that Civil War stories matter because their stories matter. By seeing themselves in the stories of our past, students understand that they are part of the tapestry that makes up our ever-evolving future. Joseph S. H. Rogers is the Museum’s Education Programs Manager. T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

“Colton’s Military Map of the United States, Mexico, The West Indies, &c.” (New York, 1862) shows Texas’ borders extending westward to include the Confederate Territory of Arizona. Map courtesy of The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C

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A SWOR D A KEPI AND THE BAT T L E FOR THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST In “Southern Ambitions,” currently on exhibit at the Museum’s Historic Tredegar location, the kepi and sword of Capt. William H. Cleaver represent Confederate ambitions in the Southwest. This article explores the full story behind those artifacts.

BY CHRISTOPHER GRAHAM T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

S O UTH ER N A M B ITI O NS EXHIBIT SPOTLIGHT

hen “Mexicans” killed William Cleaver in New Mexico he had no way of knowing that the United States Congress had already consigned his mission to oblivion with legislation. The Confederate Cleaver had been the instrument of other ambitions. Cleaver’s Company D of the 7th Texas Mounted Infantry joined Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley’s column heading west in the autumn of 1861. Moving through west Texas one company at a time, a marching order designed to ease the burden on periodic watering holes, the “Sibley Brigade” sought to secure the New Mexico Territory — and overland routes to southern California — for the Confederate States. The desert Southwest opened to American resource exploitation and settlement when the United States stripped the territory from Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848. Sibley’s column 1 2 WINTER/SPRING 2021

threatened the scattered United States Army outposts that had sprung up in the 1850s along the Rio Grande River valley stretching up from Fort Bliss in El Paso to the territorial capital at Santa Fe. Those forts and the American presence overlaid a much older human geography. All through the territory that stretched from the Rio Grande to the Colorado River at the border with California, generations of settlers from the Spanish colony of Mexico had staked claims to ranches, farms, and missions. And before the Spanish entrada in the 16th century, the Native American tribes of Apachería straddled what became the U.S.-Mexico border and the Diné people (known more commonly to Europeans as the Navajo) lived in the northern part of the territory. The Apache and the Mexicans had engaged in decades-long low-level warfare: Apaches raided Mexican ranches for cattle and horses; Mexicans took Apache in reprisal raids and enslaved them in their households and farms. The entry of the United States Army, American gold miners, and shortly thereafter, a Confederate force, destabilized the entire region. Because the Hispanos in New Mexico, Mexican-descended people in American territory who occupied the land when under Spanish and Mexican control, practiced a form of slavery, many of them welcomed Sibley’s Confederate column. They also welcomed the Confederates’ promise to protect them against

the Apache. The Confederates were happy to oblige, but also carried with them greater ambitions. They had a global vision for their nation and New Mexico was essential to it. Back in Texas, in 1861, Cleaver’s men admired the young captain for the military bearing he had honed at the Kentucky Military Institute. He punctuated that panache with a sharp new uniform made by a tailor in San Antonio. Cleaver had acquired the cloth from Texas’ state penitentiary in Huntsville. The prison doubled as a textile factory, churning out tightly woven brown jean cloth for Confederate soldiers across the southwest. The factory represented the Confederacy’s industrial ambitions. The nascent nation viewed itself primarily as a supplier for the factories of Britain and the North: cotton for their mills and, they hoped, minerals from the southwest as well. But Confederates did not neglect their own industrial development. The war, in fact, accelerated their interest in domestic manufactures. Confederates had cotton in abundance but lacked a source of wool. Texas had proven a promising source (at least before the fall of Vicksburg made it inaccessible), portending a great future for the wool industry there and in the arid lands beyond. Yet, the Confederacy had more global ambitions and the southwest proved essential to them. All western nations engaged in global commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century; Confederates had done so as Americans prior to 1861. They recognized the market potential of the Pacific world and its shipping routes to China as well as anyone and hungered for a piece of it.

Mexico City and toward Richmond, so be it. Henry Sibley dispatched one of his officers, Captain James Reilly, to treat with the governors of Chihuahua and Sonora states. He offered an alliance with the governors against the Apache in return for exclusive rights to transport commercial and military goods into the Confederacy through Mexican ports. Like Los Angeles, the Mexican port of Guymas beckoned these Confederates. Governor Luis Terrazas offered perhaps a too-diplomatic response: the deal sounded good, but he could not make international agreements in place of Mexico City. Reilly walked away thinking he had secured the partnership. But other of Sibley’s officers ruined whatever feeble hope they had when Colonel John Baylor pursued a band of Apache into Mexico and ended up punitively murdering a pair of Catholic Indians enslaved in the household of a consequential local landowner. Confederates never had much luck crossing borders. In the meantime, Cleaver’s regiment trailed the Sibley Brigade’s advance up the Rio Grande in the spring of 1862. It remained in reserve or on garrison duty as the Confederates defeated United States forces at Valverde in southern New Mexico. And it stayed in what Confederates called the Territory of Arizona, while Sibley moved north to Santa Fe and eventual defeat at Glorietta Pass. At that fight, the Confederates held the field, but suffered a strategic defeat because United States troops managed to destroy the Confederate supply train. The desert southwest is a terrible place to conduct a military operation with thousands of men. The United States had a slightly easier (if not shorter) supply route between Santa Fe and the well-traveled midwestern wagon roads that pierced the Great Plains. But the Confederate forces received no supplies at all from their attenuated connection through Texas

The discovery of gold in California spurred the development of overland wagon routes to San Francisco, and the American government, under the oversight of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, had begun to survey potential railroad routes to connect east and west beginning in 1853. Since then, Americans eyed the deep-water ports at San Francisco and Los Angeles. With a transcontinental nation, Confederate politicians, journalists, and policymakers imagined the global spread of a slave based economy in service to international markets. Confederate propagandists like newspaper publisher Henry Hotze in London and Rose O’Neal Greenhow attempted to dazzle European leaders with this potential. Confederate diplomats appealed to Spanish officials who still oversaw slave colonies in the Caribbean. They wistfully envisioned an alliance with slave-holding Brazil. This bloc, they imagined, that spanned from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Ohio to the Uruguay River, could be the cornerstone of global prosperity. If that meant drawing a bit of Mexican territory away from

Captain William Cleaver’s sword and kepi, which is missing its bill, are on display in the exhibit, Southern Ambitions. PHOTOS BY ROBERT HANCOCK

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to an already struggling homefront. When they arrived in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico, Sibley’s only re-supply came from what they had captured from fleeing Union troops.

The 7th Texas was among the last to leave; spread out

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dry heat. Captain Cleaver decided to act. William Lindsey, who, as a veteran in 1897 shared the story, was there.

The land, too, yielded few crops, cattle, and sheep from dispersed settlements and never enough to feed hungry men. And after Glorietta Pass, a source for food, clothing, blankets, medicine, and ammunition simply did not exist. In this environment, Sibley could not sustain his command. He withdrew from Santa Fe, from Albuquerque, and abandoned posts along the Rio Grande one by one as he shuffled units back to Texas.

between the towns of Doña Ana and Mesilla, its soldiers suffered in the

“Boys, we want to go home, a dear place to a soldier, but we have no supplies,” Cleaver addressed his troops. “There is no settlement for five hundred miles, only these barren plains lie before us. I am going over to Mexico to get some beeves and I want volunteers to go with me.”

SIBLEY

Across the Rio Grande River from his station sat the haciendas of several Hispano families. They had once been Mexican citizens, but his target was not in Mexico. That land that they lived upon had become part of the United States in 1854 with the Gadsden Purchase, and the people there became Americans when the border passed over them.

Cleaver’s jacket, coat, and vest made from Huntsville Penitentiary cloth. His sash is below. They are the only known Confederate uniforms surviving from the Sibley Campaign.

Lindsey and twelve others stepped forward. On the last day of June, Cleaver and his men crossed the river. Upon traveling several miles, the Captain sent Lindsey back to guide more soldiers in. Cleaver may not have realized that the settlers he intended on plundering were well-practiced in anticipating livestock raids from generations of raids and reprisals between themselves and the Apache. He led his men directly into an ambush. With no way out, Cleaver ordered a charge in which most of his men were killed. His horse got bogged in mud, and the desperate man emptied “two Colt’s revolvers… before he went down.”

PHOTOS BY ROBERT HANCOCK

very day that he and his men attempted to steal cattle, July 1, it passed the Pacific Railway Act. These two pieces of legislation established United States programme for settlement and development of the American West. That would happen not with the Confederate ambition of slavery and cotton, but with the capitalist engine of railroads and the labor of free men. The Confederate ambition of an empire of slavery and raw materials lay, alongside William Cleaver, dead in the New Mexico dust in 1862. Chris Graham is the Museum’s Exhibits Curator. His article draws from two recent works, “The Three-Cornered War: The Union,The Confederacy, and Native Peoples in the Fight for the West” by Megan Kate Nelson and “Colossal Ambitions: Confederate Planning for a Post-Civil War World” by Adrian Brettle.

The Hispano defenders captured Lindsey and the old veteran claimed that they wagged the bloody clothing of his dead comrades in his face. He later escaped and returned to Texas. One month before Cleaver crossed the Rio Grande, the United States Congress passed the Homestead Act. On the

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CALENDAR OF EVENTS

MAR

BOOK TALK Thaddeus Stevens Thursday, March 4 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested. Follow the path of Republican representativeThaddeus Stevens from his Baptist upbringing in rural Vermont and his days at Dartmouth College to his political evolution from Anti-Mason, Whig, and finally radical Republican. Author Bruce Levine reveals the twisting political journey that led Stevens to become a key leader in the abolitionist movement.

HISTORY HAPPY HOUR Socialite, Secessionist, Spy Monday, March 8 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested. One of Washington D.C.’s most charming and influential socialites, Rose O’Neale Greenhow, used her connections to gain information on U.S. Army troop movements before the battle of Manassas. Explore the story of this determined woman whose own family was divided by the war. With Kelly Hancock, ACWM. BOOK TALK Unlike Anything That Ever Floated: The Monitor and Virginia and the Battle of Hampton Roads March 8-9, 1862 Thursday, March 18 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested.

A LL PROGRAMS ARE ONLINE.

Sign up and attend from anywhere; go to https://acwm.org/events and then click on the specific event. From flaming, bloody decks of sinking ships to the dim confines of the first rotating armored turret to the smoky depths of a Rebel gun deck — with shells screaming, clanging, booming, and splashing all around — to the office of a worried president, join author Dwight Hughes as he unfolds this dramatic story through the accounts of men who lived it.

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APR

Civil War and Emancipation Day Saturday, April 3, 10:00 - 4:00 Join the ACWM and partnering sites around town for socially distanced, outdoor, or virtual events, tours and scavenger hunts, as we focus on the theme of “Resilience.” Emacipation and the Black Civil War Soldier: A Conversation with Deborah Willis Monday, April 5 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested.

Explore the crucial role of photography in shaping African American narratives of the Civil War and Emancipation. How might historic images offer a more nuanced memory of African-American participation and point to individual and collective struggles for citizenship and remembrance? Featuring: Deborah Willis, Ph.D., (Tisch School of the Arts at New York University), author of The Black Civil War Soldier and Envisioning Emancipation. Moderator: Dr. Sarah Eckhardt. In partnership with the VMFA.

BOOK TALK Embattled Capital: A Guide to Richmond During the Civil War Thursday, April 8 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested. Through four years of war, Richmond served as the Confederate capital. Home to the Confederate President and government, the city was filled with prisons, hospitals, factories, training camps, and government offices. While armies battled at its doorsteps, civilians felt the impact of war. Explore the story that, to this day, remains deeply written into the city and its history. With Bert Dunkerly and Doug Crenshaw. HISTORY HAPPY HOUR Fighting Each Other, Fighting Earth Monday, April 12 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested. The Civil War was America’s deadliest conflict, and it not only destroyed people, but also the natural environment. The fertile Shenandoah Valley, due to its immense agricultural and industrial productivity for the South, became one of the most contested territories, and, as a result, endured heavy, war-induced environmental damage. With Chris Pence, ACWM.

MAY

HISTORY HAPPY HOUR La Guerra Civil de las Plumas (The Civil War of the Pens) Monday, May 17 @ 6:30 For the Confederacy, gaining foreign recognition was vital. In its efforts to secure support from Latin America, the

struggling country employed diplomacy, politics, and popular opinion. What was the outcome of these attempts and how did the United States respond? With Bob Sayre, ACWM. BOOK TALK I’ve Been Here All the While: Black Freedom on Native Land Thursday, May 20 @ 6:30 Free. Registration required. Donations suggested.

Departing from the traditional story of Reconstruction, author Alaina Roberts reveals the connections between the debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, find land and exercise political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.

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S PEC I A L S EC TI O N A N N UA L R E P O RT

FISCAL YEAR 2020 Contributions & Membership

Earned Income

24% Donated Facilities

21%

55%

REVENUE & SUPPORT Contributions, Membership & Donor Support $3,066,304 Donated Facilities, Materals & Services $1,167,332 Earned Income & Other $1,376,219 $5,609,855

TOTAL REVENUE

Administration Advancement

6% 7%

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Program Services

87%

EXPENSES Program Services Advancement Administration

$4,487,991 $ 331,328 $ 356,740

TOTAL REVENUE

$5,176,059

Thank You. Thank You. ROLL OF HONOUR

The American Civil War Museum’s Roll of Honour pays tribute to the extraordinary generosity of its donors who contributed at least $1,000 to membership, annual fund, or our capital campaigns or other special fundraising projects during the July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 fiscal year. † indicates deceased donors

LEADERSHIP $25,000 + Dr. Edward L. Ayers Charlottesville,Virginia Bank of America Richmond,Virginia J. G. Beittenmiller Houston,Texas The Blandford-Rees Foundation Richmond,Virginia David T. Bryan Richmond,Virginia Commonwealth of Virginia Richmond,Virginia Elizabeth Crown Chicago, Illinois Dominion Energy Charitable Foundation Richmond,Virginia R.E.B. Foundation Richmond,Virginia George C. Freeman III Richmond,Virginia The Hearst Foundations New York, New York Herndon Foundation Richmond,Virginia Mr. and Mrs. Richard Johnson Richmond,Virginia Pritzker Military Foundation Chicago, Illinois

Richard S. Reynolds Foundation Richmond,Virginia

Donald E. King Richmond,Virginia

Virginia Sargeant Reynolds Foundation Richmond,Virginia

John L. Nau Houston,Texas

E. Claiborne Robins Richmond,Virginia

Robins Foundation Richmond,Virginia

Thomas A. Saunders Palm Beach, Florida Wallace Stettinius Richmond,Virginia Daniel G. Stoddard Mineral,Virginia Vanguard Monroe,Wisconsin

$10,000 - $24,999 The Robert G. Cabell III and Maude Morgan Cabell Foundation Richmond,Virginia The Coffman Foundation Kildeer, Illinois Norwood H. Davis Richmond,Virginia Gray Holdings Richmond,Virginia Henrico County Public Schools Henrico,Virginia Indianapolis Colts, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana

Mr. and Mrs. O. Randolph Rollins Richmond,Virginia Anton E. B. Schefer Foundation Wilmington, Delaware Thomas H. Tullidge Richmond,Virginia The Universal Leaf Foundation Richmond,Virginia Virginia Humanities Charlottesville,Virginia

$5,000 - $9,999 Dale Blandford Richmond,Virginia Camp Foundation Richmond,Virginia Ruth Camp Campbell Charitable Trust Franklin,Virginia Chrisman Family Foundation Richmond,Virginia Davenport & Company LLC Richmond,Virginia Donald L. Jones Concord,Virginia T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

S PEC I A L S EC TI O N A N N UA L R E P O RT

Samuel B. and Sally Witt Richmond,Virginia

Brenton S. Halsey Richmond,Virginia

Mr. & Mrs. Mario M. White Atlanta, Georgia

Elisabeth S. Wollan Richmond,Virginia

Hamilton Family Foundation Richmond,Virginia

Betty B.Young Miami, Florida

$2,000 - $4,999

Dr. Monroe E. Harris and Dr. Jill B. Harris Richmond,Virginia

$1000+

Rita J. Aegerter Cathlemet,Washington

Initiatives of Change Richmond,Virginia

Craig D. Bell North Chesterfield,Virginia

Mr. & Mrs. William E. Jamerson Appomattox,Virginia

Rob Blandford Richmond,Virginia

William G. Kofron Akron, Ohio

J. L. Camp Foundation Virginia Beach,Virginia

William E. and Patricia S. Loughridge Richmond,Virginia

Christy S. Coleman and Art Espey Richmond,Virginia

Greater Lynchburg Community Foundation Lynchburg,Virginia

The Community Foundation for a greater Richmond Richmond,Virginia

Philip O’Neill Irving,Texas

A. Brian Cowardin Montpelier,Virginia

Edwin F. Payne Briarcliff, New York

Larry Patrick Daughtry & Thomas Augustine Hewitt Richmond,Virginia

E. B. Powell Richmond,Virginia

Lynn D. Durham Midland,Texas Mr. & Mrs. Rob C. Farmer Richmond,Virginia James W. Fossett Delmar, New York Dr. and Mrs. John B. Garrett Gastonia, North Carolina Jim Gillespie Waynesboro,Virginia Mr. & Mrs. Garland Gray Waverly,Virginia

2 0 WINTER/SPRING 2021

Lewis F. Powell Richmond,Virginia Mr. & Mrs. Gordon F. Rainey Richmond,Virginia Walter S. Robertson III Richmond,Virginia Joseph S. Stempel Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Altria Group, Inc. Richmond,Virginia Mr. and Mrs. Joe E. Beverly Thomasville, Georgia Dr. David W. Blight New Haven, Connecticut Michael T. Bradshaw Richmond,Virginia L.S. and J.S. Bryan Fund Richmond,Virginia Robert L. Burrus Richmond,Virginia Laura B. Cameron Richmond,Virginia Carrie S. Camp Foundation, Inc. Franklin,Virginia Central Virginia Civil War Collectors Association Richmond,Virginia Kent S. Clow Great Barrington, Massachusetts Jack M. Enoch Richmond,Virginia Hirschler Fleischer Richmond,Virginia

Textron Matching Gift Program Providence, Rhode Island

Thomas Hand Wausau,Wisconsin

William C. Trimble Owings Mill, Maryland

Col. and Mrs. Frederick E. Johnston III Lansdowne,Virginia

Robert H. Lamb Richmond,Virginia

J. G. Rawles Richmond,Virginia

W. H. Surgner Richmond,Virginia

James O. Loyd Spencer, Indiana

Jerry Roberts Little Rock, Arkansas

Richard G. Tilghman Richmond,Virginia

Dr. & Mrs. John M. McCardell Sewanee,Tennessee

Loren M. Rogers Arlington,Virginia

Bob Uhler Longmont, Colorado

Jim Meeks Lamoille, Nevada

Rouse-Bottom Foundation, Inc. Newport News,Virginia

E. Massie Valentine Richmond,Virginia

The Melville Foundation Greenwich, Connecticut

Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Ruscio Richmond,Virginia

George G. Whitaker Rocky Mount, North Carolina

Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia Fund of the Community Foundation for a greater Richmond Richmond,Virginia

Susan B. Scott Richmond,Virginia

Robert E. Petres and Dr. Margaret L. Duvall Richmond,Virginia Louis B. Piper Stratford, Connecticut

Dr. and Mrs. Eugene W. Adcock In honor of Waite Rawls Dr. Thom M. Armstrong In Memory of Patrick Harris Ryan M. Conley In memory of SSG Andrew M. St. John David Gilbert In memory of Florence Gilbert

John Siegel Alexandria,Virginia Robert B. Starke Boulder, Colorado Mr. & Mrs. L. N. Steverson Richmond,Virginia

Henry B. Hahn In memory of Mary Jo Hahn

TRIBUTE GIFTS Honorary or Memorial Gifts to the American Civil War Museum

Charles Mahone In Memory of the United States Colored Troops Col. Lowry R. Watkins, Jr. (Ret.) In Memory of LT.Thomas Walker Bullitt, CSA Vann Traynham Williams In Memory of E. Otto N.Williams, Jr.

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

S PEC I A L S EC TI O N A N N UA L R E P O RT

Nationwide Giving DONATIONS BY STATE

The American Civil War Museum acknowledges the generosity of the following individuals, corporations, and foundations that supported the Museum with a minimum gift of $20 to membership, annual fund, or other special fundraising projects during the July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 fiscal year. † indicates deceased donors.

2 2 WINTER/SPRING 2021

MUSEUM STEWARDS ALABAMA Danny L. Anglin Robert J. Bruice Arthur M. Fairley Brandon Ford David Fuller Robert P. Goen, Jr. Shirl Guiliani Mary Lou Long Roger Marnell Sharon Marsh M. L. Parker Mr. and Mrs. Allen D. Rushton Dr. Julian F. Sparks Deb Thomas Nicholas A.Vrakelos

ARKANSAS Sumner Brashears Charles Kennedy Van H. Nichols Elin Sontagg

John R. Geyer Sharon Virginia Jackley John Robertson Dixie Chapter #1679, UDC

CALIFORNIA Gordon Adelman Ralph M. Agnello Mr. and Mrs. Tony Alvarez Josh Amato Don Andrews Paul Arribage John H. Baggeely Richard L. Bain

DONORS IN

48 50 out of

GAVE TO THE ACWM

ARIZONA Bernard Alguire Norman F. Bauerle Barbara Carter James H. Day Rob Eaton

Robert Ball David I. Berman Richard Beverage Robert Bittner Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Bonetti Michael A. Carling Irv M. Chase Robert E. Church Jon W. Churnin Dr. Greg Cochran Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Cutler The Honorable Kelley Davis Virginia de Gregory Thomas H. Dembinski Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Derkum Lt. Walter S. Dill, USN Ret. Nancy Dozier Philip J. Fickling Dean D. Flippo LTC Osborn N. Foster, USA (R) Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence J. Friedman Peter M. Frinchaboy Terry M. Galvin Jon C. Gamboa

Thomas M. Garrison Mr. and Mrs. Spencer T. Gilbreath Rebecca L. Gonzalez Peter C. Grellas Mr. and Mrs. Barry Grenier William E. Haley Chuck Hill John A. Holland Harold Johnson Neil A. Kaltman Brent Kielhorn Gerald V. Koch Michael P. Lyons David W. Marquez Howard Martin Brian Miller Ruth Molina Kevin G. Morgan Judson Mygatt Ana Navarro George W. Neiiendam Rand and Gian Nelson Daniel R. Nowlan Vincent O’Neill Robert Parker Gary Pender Willie B. Pruitt Sheldon Rabin Ryan E. Ramones Maryann Reuter Michael Reynolds Edward F. Ripley William E. Russell Brian Sakai Carol Scott Richard Shaw Richard C. Shipley Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Swanson Audrey Tawa Lt. Col. Gregory A. Thiele Lynn H. Turner Mabry Tyson Stephen P. Walker Dr. Robert M. Webb Lt. Col. Guy F. Welch, USAF Ret. Jack Wikoff Thomas A. Wright Valerie Young

COLORADO Lawrence G. Abburzzese Daniel M. Albritton

PHOTO BY PENELOPE M. CARRINGTON

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

Donald Burkhardt Todd J. Burnett Jeffrey Davis James Di Zerega James Dorrough Bruce G. Fineman John W. Kendrick Ken Rutherford Stephen Shepard Robert H. Slemmons Ed Stafford David Stromberger Hugh Tan Kenneth R. Updegrove Robert E. Walker

CONNECTICUT Jane Giddens-Jones Barbara Hamanaka Linda M. Hodge Baxter H. Maffett Shane Makowicki Allen Mardis Robert McCoy Eugene G. Nichols Donald O’Connell Howard Osden Ruth Streeter Ronald C. Werlich

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Deborah Ambers Preston Cox Noah A. Trudeau

DELAWARE Natalie Bush Lance G. Fargo Dr.Samuel B. Hoff James Rowe Central Delaware Civil War Round Table

FLORIDA Steven Ashby Mr. and Mrs. Grant Atkinson Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bird Tigner Blackman Marion Brawley Robert J. Burdge Robert Byrum Wilbur J. Coleman Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Cook, Jr.

2 4 WINTER/SPRING 2021

Gail L. Crosby Pete Gandy George Green John M. Hamilton George M. Hayes III Thomas Herlihy Thomas L. Holling Penelope M. Huneke Kevin D. Hutchenson Gary W. Hutson Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Robert Allen Kindergan John C. Knee Jan Kovarik Claude F. Leslie Col. Giles A. Light, Ret. William Lomax Richard Look F. E. Maassen David Marrs Edwin H. Martin John McFarland Robert Mead Thomas J. Miller Wreatha D. Mills David M. Nash Mark Nash Mr. and Mrs. Stephan F. Newhouse Johnnie L. Odom Gerald Pokorny Richard E. Schugar Vicki D. Shanks Robert Slater Mark H. Snyder Lawrence W. Stikes Wayne R. Wagoner Mr. and Ms. James Wall Nancy E. Webster R.V. Whisnand Susan Williams Pamela Wray Shirley F. Wright Fort Myers Chapter #2614, UDC

GEORGIA Thomas W. Barron Ron Bolin Matthew J. Calvert Grant Carlson Stanley Chambers Dr. and Mrs. William J. Cooper, Jr. Reed G. Creaser

Amelia Dameron Norman Dawson James A. Edwards U. B. Ellis Mr. and Ms. Clifford Fenton, Jr. Commander John R. Floyd William B. Fryer Dr. J. D. Hanks John M. Hoblen Michael S. Hornung Gerald Jilbert Oren Johnson Thomas R. Leidy James H. Mealor Alex Nixon Carl Paepcke Sam Rauch Arthur Robinson James R. Segraves Claude A. Thomas Dr. and Mrs. Emory M. Thomas Mr. and Mrs. Frank O. Walsh III Jacob H. Wamsley Ed Welchel Lewis A. Wible Thomas L. Wood John Yarbrough

HAWAII Robert Holub James M. May Michelle Mellon Andrew J. Speese

IOWA Jon L. Acton Jerry Ahrenstein Lolita Baker John E. Carney Kathleen E. Diffley LTC and Mrs. David M. Dryer Mr. and Mrs. Allan M. Geddes Steven D. Hayworth Larry D. Hughes Gary Kupferschmid William C. Lowe Richard Peddicord Linda Ruiter Darwin Schmig Dr. Jeff Shay Michael Tangen John J. Ulrich Cynthia Vinson

IDAHO Carl Barningham Robert C. Bullock Jerry Glenn Dennis L. Hallman

ILLINOIS Roland Ahlmeyer Johnnie Allen Renato Bacci Harvey Bally Susan K. Bentz Louus Bielakowski Anthony G Deany Charles Deffenbaugh Marilyn Kard Virginia Kreger Natalie A. Kruse Kenneth H. Lejeune James Lindemulder Robert Melick Dr. James Mendez Janice Moore Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Morrison Ross A. Neitzel Ronald Oberman Maria Olive Deirdre Power Karl H. Schroeder Dr. Edward F. Searing Timothy Sheehan Paul A. Stauffer Gary Sutter Thomas J. Swade Thomas Thoenen Roger J. Tieman Kenneth Tokarz Beverly I. Turner Laurence Schiller and Cathleen A. Weigley Dr. Robert A. Westefer Larry L. Weyhrich Yulia Zhestkova

INDIANA Kenneth W. Bradley Christopher Broome Mr. and Mrs. Theodore J. Commons Larry Holderly Thomas J. Kinney James Klopp Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kovacs John Lisher Edward Michna

Terry J. Murray Barbara Nussmeier John Plascak Mike Rubino Bill Schopmeyer Mr. and Mrs. Benny L. Scott A Lawrence Scubelek Frank L. Shera Jeffrey A. Statkey Mr. and Mrs. Clay W. Stuckey Liza Tolbert

David Neal Elizabeth Regan John Roccio Anthony Schepici Bruce Seaver David G. Takesian Daniel T. Tierney Richard Urell Paula and James Winn

KANSAS

Timothy Allen Anna C. Allison Mr. and Mrs. Waino E. Arvo David S. Bath Guy B. Beltz Toby F. and Philip G. Berman Mr. and Mrs. G. P. Bisson, Jr. Howard M. Bloch Robert Brookman Frederick J. Brosk Ronald G. Browning Robert Burke Mr. and Mrs. Chris Cavallio Adrian Citroni Douglas M. Clark Mary A. De Credico Mr. and Mrs. Dale K. DeWeese Charles Downs Howard Fair Richard S. Farley Ellen Ficklen Judith D. Foulke H. J. Freund William Fry Harold G. Hathaway III Elizabeth Ann Helm-Frazier James G. Hendrickson Christine Kaila Joseph Kaplan Fred Keller Timothy W. Kinlock Michael T. Kinsella Bruce W. Kramer Richard Kroll Anthony R. Lagan William Lagle Joseph Lee Cynthia K. Mason Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Mattingly Cynthia McAfee Roger McArthur Martha R. McCartin Charles Meyd

Travis Lowe Dr. Richard Pope Harold Rickards William G. Robertson Edward S. Tremaine

KENTUCKY Jeff Eckmann Kirk Edwards Cliff E. Gill Mr. and Mrs. William Harned Carter L. Hicks Greg Hizer Robert G. Holzknecht Bixler W. Howland William H. Mulligan Mr. and Mrs. George Staples Robert W. Tonini Donald Wenzel

LOUISIANA William F. Bologna Mr. and Mrs. Bill Denny Keith Porter Patricia Ricci L. M. Sanders

MASSACHUSETTS William Alex Howard L. Barnes John Canestraro Rowland Chenez Dr. Michael B. Chesson Stanley Dogil Leo Dorrington Sandra Griffin Richard Howell George Kosicki Michael Lewison Daniel J. McAuliffe Richard Morin

MARYLAND

Roger Millay Richard F. Mitchell Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Moore James T. Mullin John E. Myers Thomas Neale Wendy Norwitz Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd E. Oliver Grover C. Outland Fredric W. Parsons Clifford R. Phelps George Rhoads Peter J. Rockefeller Stanley Rowen Joan Luck Russ Francis J. Sanfellipo Joseph B. Saunders Randy Schmitt William Seabrook Linda J. Sears Michael Shpur James Slater Ernest E. Sligh Albert H. Small Randolph Smith George F. Stimak Mr. and Mrs. James Stuart David Uhlfelder Mr. and Mrs. Curtis A. Utz Richard Wallich William T. Whiteley IV Father Glen Willis Judge Patrick L. Woodward Frank R.Young

MAINE Edward Benjamin Mary Anderson Felton Mary Kuza David Taylor Donald K. Whittemore

David Holtz John Jex Steven Kiehler Steven E. Kozak Albert G. Krieger Richard Krolikowski Diane Lofquist Neil G. Martin Richard Micka Charles Stewart Mott Foundation Richard Pardini Andrea Pratt Steven C. Rogers Joan M. Scheel Phillip D. Schertzing Dr. Larry Sherman Paul J. Sopko Mr. and Mrs. Brad Vincent Curtis W.Voges JoAnn D. Warren Paul D. Winston

MINNESOTA Charlene Behne Cary Brostad Donald Buzzell Esther Graney Mary Gruman David Keegan Mark Litzow HMC FMF George A. Lottes USNR Daniel R. Nicholson Charles M. Post Larry Sampson John Sipe Michael Turnbull

MISSISSIPPI

MICHIGAN Ceo E. Bauer Robert Boschma Don Boyer William Carey Catherine Churgay Donald R. Garlit Paul S. Gateman Michael A. Giandiletti Bruce Gosling Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Gough Keturah A. Thunder Haab Robert Hill

Mr. and Mrs. Donald R. Bush Robert W. Cunny Anthony Delee Benny Duett Tal Floyd Mr. and Mrs. Don Perry Bill Russell John T. Taylor

MISSOURI William Carr Jo Anna Dale Richard M. Garner David Horstmann Denise Kretzschmar

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

John Luchsinger Robert F. Sager Michael Schroeppel Donald Young

MONTANA Howard Stephenson

NEBRASKA Nancy Brugger Dave Burden Todd Freyer Robert Sweeney Violet K. Thessen

NEVADA Robert A. Bork Howard S. Brooks Michael S. Harley Lawrence Starr

NEW HAMPSHIRE Mary Jane Ames Linda J. Armirotto J. D. Bernardy Roland L. Higgins Edward Mehigen John T. Mudge Steven Rockwell

NEW JERSEY Geraldine M. Berhain William Buchanan Bruce Crossland Thomas Cuff Thomas Dayspring Judith K. Dorsa Dennis R. Drewes John Dugan Robert Fullmer John B. Gardner III Goldman, Sachs & Co. Carl Guzzo Capt. James A. Kilgore James Kocur Robert Lecky Charles Maraziti Randall A. Mihalik Frederick Otto R. F. Pistella John Recine John P. Saita Paul T. Sasso Richard E. Saul

2 6 WINTER/SPRING 2021

Jeffrey N. Schattin Richard Scheller Michael F. Sheehan Brian Sibiga Phillip Steinberg Vincent Thaner Frank P.Van Note James Weiss

NEW MEXICO T J. Betenbough Charles Carter Jeremy Coffey Michael A. Crews George E. Dials Martin A. Link Donna Lytton William Reass Joseph Wexler

NEW YORK Joshua Alberry Dr. C. Edmonds Allen Neil Bartle David Bassanelli CDR Jim Bateman, USN (Ret) David B. Bechtle Benjamin F. Beekman Richard A. Bernstein Stephen A. Bloch Robert D. Bohm Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Burns Christopher Carfagna Sondra E. Carlson Victor J. Caroddo Brian Castler Mitchell A. Chait James R. Cochran Donald R. Collins Martin F. Collins Johnathan Croyle Gerald A. Davies Dennis Dengel Marlee W. Dubickas Gary M. Emerson Mr. and Mrs. James E. Emory, Jr. Roger L. Fahey Stephen Fleming Tom Fontana Gail Fowler Jeffrey Gallagher Stephen Glavey Cari Griggs John Grigsby Jason Gross

Yvonne Hannan Ronald Haworth John L. Hosp Peter Jablonski Steven Kalka Brian Keating Stephanie Keys James F. Kilkenny Daniel Koretz Justin G. Kravetz Martha Lawson Maurice I. Malin Richard C. Marx James McGee Capt. Richard F. McLaughlin, Sr. Raymond W. Meaney Katherine Menges Gregory Monforte Michael E. Murphy Charles E. Norkus Cathleen Norton John O’Farrell, Jr. Joseph G. Ogrodowski Mr. and Mrs. Jose Ojeda Joann A. O’Keefe Steve Pacitto Kammi Phillips Willis L. Platt William G. Pomeroy Ellen and Sheldon Rabin Reverend Jack W. Reeves James A. Riddick Meredith L. Roscoe Diane Schiefen Frederick Schmidtmann Mark H. Shaver Frank Siegel Rhoda L. Sikes Bram Smith Daniel Soskin Barbara Struckman Ruth G. Sundberg Peter Tipograph Donald J. Ulmer Alan Van Cott Jeff Wood William L.Younger Harry Zelkin

NORTH CAROLINA Wesley T. Adams Reginald Baker Ernest Barth Robert Blodgett John C. Brantley Mr. and Mr. James R. Brooks

Bynum R. Brown Thomas R. Butler Gong Chen Randy Clark Tom Clark Jennifer Clements Howard Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Edison C. Curtis Alvin Dellinger Jack Dixon Mr. and Mrs. John H. Emerson William Ewalt Sheryl Felice Michael L. Ferrell Charles R. Flowers Nancy F. Fowler Mr. and Mrs. Nathan W. Gilbert Scott Harris Dean R. Harry Roger Helms Eric Hight Will Huffines Penelope Huneke Charles L. Johnson Arthur F. Krueger Richard N. League Chris B. Lillie James Lorentzen Theodore Lupton William R. Mayes Donald G. Mellen Adam Melton Gary Missel Larry W. Mobley Charles Moye Herbert L. Nichols Jeff Palmer Bruce Patterson Mr. and Mrs. George R. Pearson, Jr. Kim Pendergraft Michael J. Rockwell Mr. and Mrs. Donald K. Scott, Jr. Richard W. Shaver Walter Shepherd Robert Skelton Wade Sokolosky William Stafford Ward G. Tarlton Mr. and Mrs. William E. Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Leigh M.Vaughan R.V. Walsh Timothy P. Winstead

Lupton Wood

NORTH DAKOTA Steven Glascock

OHIO Tanya Anderson Alan D. Berenson Kenneth R. Blume David K. Boswell Patrick Bray LTC Edmond A. Chapdelaine Joseph Charles Mr. and Mrs.Vincent A. Cooke, Jr. John R. Creadon Robert L. Croye Mr. and Mrs. Steve Davis Gary Egner Bonnie Eyestone Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Joe Fox Stephen Grogean Charles L. Hall, Jr. Larry Hasselbach Lynn Hill Elsa M. Jensen Donald B. Johnson Jim Klei Bob W. Kohler R L. Kreeger Fred Krisch Col. Benjamin J. Kulper M.D. Donald R. Kunzen Larry Long Reverend Jerome A. Lukachinsky Lynn Lustig Steven Lutsch James Mazza Jill McDaniel Richard Morgenstern Victor A. Myers Michael G. Peppe Mary Phillips LCDR and Mrs. Roger J. Pinta Mark A. Rappoport Holly L. Ray John Ray Barbara Risius Daniel Rudlowski Anthony J. Schuerger Jeffrey Sheets Linda Skillman Frederick A. Slocum

Dale Snair Richard Snyder Kevin S. Sonoda Gil Stevens Ralph Tills Mark A.Vavra Harold Vogel Michael L. Walton Mark A. Weigand Frank Welsh John C. Wheeler

OKLAHOMA Tom Bayless Roger F. Flicks Mr. and Mrs. Steve Hall Clarke I. Hanson Jane Johansson Paul K. Lackey George W. Lindley Anna Murray Gary Nichols Mike Sheriff John M. Thomas Frederic A.Veal Evan Zorn

OREGON Cecila Burgess George R. Gillette Dr. Carol Sue Humphrey Mike Leopold Dennis J. Murphy Bradley J. Nicholson Dean Sartain M E. Smith Michael R. Steele Scott Tulley

PENNSYLVANIA Carter Ayers Bart Bailey Chris Baldy Dr. Richard Bell Randy Benkosky Brett Bergensky Robert I. Bolton, Jr. Richard Braxton Mr. and Mrs. Michael E. Busovicki Patricia Christenson M. Ciborowski Norine Connor Ben Crago Harrington E. Crissey

April H. Denny Jeff Dreier Darla J. Dunn Mark A. Eisele Rick Eiserman Charles Enterline Roy Fairbairn James A. Favero James K. Fee Gerald C. Fisher Thomas Fisher Thomas J. Fisher Steven A. Floyd W. Donald Fox, Jr. Tyrone G. Gayeski, USAF(R) Larry E. Geesaman Wayne and Terry Greiner Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hammel D. S. Hartwig Mr. and Mrs. Bernard J. Herwig, Jr. John W. Hoover Michael Hopwood April Hostler Michael J. Huth Philip Ingis Mr. and Mrs. William M. Jensen Michael S. Kalichak Daniel W. Kearns William C. Keck Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence E. Keener-Farley Joseph Koetas Thomas G. Lawler Monique V. Lewis Guang Lin Daniel And Kathryn Lingle Michael Lombardi Robert S. Luciani Timothy Maleski Lee Martin Michael J. McGee Mr. and Mrs. Richard Meyerson Sherri L. Miller Joel Arthur Moore Dwight L. Moyer Elizabeth Mullaugh Joshua Neiderhiser Mr. and Mrs. Timothy B. Perkoski Mr. and Mrs. Barry Perry Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Primerano Richard K. Pry Dr. and Mrs. Robert L. Rainey

Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sakelarides Peter Salzarulo Paul Sanborn Yvonne Schexnayder Mr. and Mrs. James Schmick Mr. and Mrs. John A. Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. David M. Scott Timothy Sedore Michael Seksinsky Joel Sides John Stanley Gerald C. Still Ed Trapp Michael Trephan Kevin Walsh Randy S. Warner Charles A. Wasilko Kathleen Watson Lowell Wenger Keith D. Will Curt M. Wilson Jennifer Woytek J. A. Wunderlich John S. Wydrzynski Andrew B.Yehl Sandy Ykema Thomas Zerone Shippensburg Area Civil War Round Table

SOUTH CAROLINA Ronald S. Benson Franklin L. Burke Mr. and Mrs. Robert Burnette Gary D. Cabbage G E. Cusick Mr. and Mrs. William S. Davies, Jr. Austin W. Farley Julian G. Frasier Craig T. Hammer John H. Hardin Raymond D. Hesse James M. Holland Andrew L. Hyatt Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lemon Thomas R. Pearre Arthur Ravenel Mr. and Mrs. John C. Rivers III R. H. Simmons Robert T. Strickland Kenneth L. Thomas Robert Thomas Randall Voyles

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

Low Country Civil War Round Table, Inc.

SOUTH DAKOTA Jon R. Carpenter Eric Linderman E. S. Wenzel

TENNESSEE Marcia Abernathy Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Albright Bob Beatty James C. Beck Lynnette Cartee Richard Comiso Ken Criblez Thomas F. Fine Caroline C. Garner Luis E. Gonzilla Jack Hatcher Timothy L. Hazlewood Martha W. Horton Juan Ianni Robert A. Lanier C. B. Lynch David Lynch Dr. Robert T. Means George P. Newman III Charles Sears Samuel E. Shutt Gary Lee Smith Dr. Edward L. Thackston Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. White, Sr. Phillip White

TEXAS Barton C. Allen Robert Bailey Gerald R. Black Mr. and Mrs. Howard I. Black Donald E. Bradley Teri Burgess Charles Campbell Terry D. Clay Tim Danklef Louis Davis Gene Debullet The Russell and Frieda DeYong Foundation Ed Doherty Susan Dowell Dennis C. Fowler Clark H. Gable Christopher George

2 8 WINTER/SPRING 2021

John R. Griffin Mildred Grinstead C. Michael Harrington Zachary Hart Katherine Hazzard Phillip Hudson Cary B. Hutchinson Mrs. Constance Hutchinson Hershel D. Johnson Velmurugan Kadirvel Jack E. and Carolyn Little Donald G. Loving Mr. and Mrs. Gary Martin Michael G. Mask A. N. McIntyre Weldon Nash, Jr. Eugenia Glover Pace Eric J. Perich Susan Resendez Kathy T. Rider Autry Ross Ronald Schatzlein Perry Schwierzke Dana Seamans Mr. and Mrs. Todd Sellars Norma Smith Robert B. Symon Malcolm R. Teague Dennis Vandusen Jared Wallace Clarice A. Welchans Wells Fargo Foundation Educational Matching Gifts Gary P. Whitfield James E. Williams Larry B. Wilson

UTAH Gary Clayton Steve Emory Terry C. Roy

VIRGINIA Mr. and Mrs. A. Marshall Acuff, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Peter A. Agelasto III Mr. and Mrs. Timothy L. Akers Dr. and Mrs. William Albers Dan Allen Tom Allen Walter Allen Robin Allman Ron Alpern Susan Amory

Dr. and Mrs. J. Francis Amos Heath Anderson Robert Annandale Julie Appleby Dr. and Mrs. John B. Arnold Dr. Barbara and Mr. Stephen Arthur Cameron Atkins Denny Avers Charles E. Ayers Tom Bahr The Honorable Daniel T. Balfour John L Barnes Jr Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Barnett Mr. and Mrs.Vance T. Bartley, Jr. Pamela Barton Stephen Batsche Ulrike K. Baumann Frank P. Beale James I. Beale Jon Beck Margaret Bemiss Sonja Benedict Fred Bernhardt Christie Ann Bieber Andrew Biondi Lynn Blankman Owen and Sharon Blevins Robert Blizard Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Bloxom Earl Blythe Paul Blythe Mr. and Mrs. James W. Boehling Frederick W. Boelt Eugenia H. Borum Charles S. Boswell Dick Boswell Dr. Robert Bowden Reverend and Mrs. Clyde F. Bowie, Jr. Charlie Bowman LCDR Henry A. Boyter (R) Charles R. Brader Mr. William E. Brandt Mr. and Mrs. Andrew M. Brantley Felicia J. Braun Dr. Richard Bream Dr. and Mrs. O. Christian Bredrup Dr. Alan Briceland Jon Bridges James A. Briggs Gary Brightbill

Gary M. Brock Mr. and Mrs. Randolph W. Brooks Gail E. Broughton David Wells Brown Tim Brown W. G. Brownrigg Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth W. Brumfield George M. Bullard Sandra Bullock Michele M. Burnett Michael Burns Karen Butler Raymond Cady James Caldwell Chris Calkins Brig. Gen. Duncan Campbell Julie Campbell Lawrence Campbell Arthur Candenquist Mary S. Cardozo William A. Cardullo Dr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Cardwell Mr. and Mrs. Joel Carnefix Hon. Betsy B. Carr Roth Carroll Albert Carter Susan Cavaliere Ralph E. Caylor Milton K. Chamberlain Daniel K. Chandler Terrie W. Chaplin Abram C. R. Charlton, Sr. Stuart Cheney Milton Chick Becky Childress Earle Christman Dr. Donald C. Clagett and Mrs. Tatjana Clagett Judith B. Clarke Mr. and Mrs. Whittington W. Clement William S. Clements Larry Clevinger Stephen M. Clowser Elizabeth Cole Allen Collins Prof. Carl M. Colonna Gordon Colston Mrs. George T. Conwell Mr. and Mrs. Howard J. Cook, Jr. Jeffrey K. and Julia S. Cooper Richard Cothren

Jane E. Covington Gary Cowardin † Mr. and Mrs. Frederic H. Cox Samuel Cox Wayne Cox Carl Craig Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence M. Croft Mr. and Mrs. Otis C. Crowther, Jr. Stephen J. Crum Brannon Crymes Tomas Cuellar Mary Virginia Currie Pamela Curtin Clifford A. Cutchins Bryn Davis J. E. Davis Kathy Davis Lawrence P. Davis William Davis Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Delano John DeTriquet Carolyn Maurer Devilbliss Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Dickerson, Jr. Edward Ray Dinstel Robert V. Doggett Kenneth Dotson Mr. and Mrs. Brenden Doyle Jo Anne Draucker Susan Drewery Thomas U. Dudley Mr. and Mrs. Allen B. Duerson Frank and Ann Dunbar Lawton Durden Katharine Durham Carmen Duval Mr. and Mrs. Andrew W. Dykers, Jr. Kenneth Eberhart Franklin S. Edmonds Lynn Eitelman Joseph H. Ellen Irene Ellis Thomas Elmore Martin Armstrong Erb Anne Marie Evans John L. Ewart Vincent Faraci Mr. and Mrs. Garland E. Farnsworth John J. Fennell Wendy Ferrara Mr. and Mrs. David V. Fewell Mr. and Mrs. Jerry M. Finn

Evamon W. Fleming Frank Fletcher Lt. Col. Lowell K. Flickinger, Ret. Susan Flye Horace Ford Claude Foster Mr. and Mrs. Tom Foster Quincy Fotis Mr. and Mrs. F. Meriwether Fowlkes, Jr. Clifton Fox Ellis Frankfort Kevin Franklin Rogers M. Fred John H. Frischkorn Carter B. Furr G.B. Williams Family Charitable Fund of Fidelity Mr. and Mrs. Jeremy Galloway Michael Gannon Randolph Gardner William R. Gardner Christine Garner Julie Garner Deborah Garth Robert M. Gaura Mr. and Mrs. James Gayfield Mr. and Mrs. Edward Gibson Robert B. Giles Timothy M. Gilhool Joyce H. Gillespie Mary Gilliam Jerome Gilmore Catherine F. Gioeli Will Glasco Dr. and Mrs. George R. Goethals Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Gosnell III Paul T. Goss Sevren Gourley Denys Grant Robert S. Green Suellen Gregory Carl M. Grenn Thomas C. Gresham J. E. Grimsley Sally Haas Dr. Edward J. Hagerty Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Halstead Linda and William Hansell Robert G. Hardison Robert G. Hardy Greg Harper Tom Harris

Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Harris Frank Harris, USMC Ret. Mr. and Mrs. Jason Hatcher Mr. and Mrs. Joseph N. Hawa Mr. and Mrs. Ricardo Haynes John T. Hazel Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Hedge Sr. James F. Heflin Bruce Helmbrecht Dr. Walter P. Hempfling Jean Hemphill Steward T. Henderson Chet Hepburn Alison Herring G K. Herring Jacob Higgerson Col. Martin Higgins, USMC (Ret) Mr. and Mrs. George Hoag Dr. William A. Hobbs William R. Hoddinott Homer Hodge Mr. and Mrs. Jack A. Hoffman William H. Hogan Mr. and Mrs. Chip Hoke Kim B. Holien Col. Francis B. Holland Mr. and Mrs. Edward Holstrom, Jr. Michael House Charles E. Howdyshell Elton C. Howerton Mr. and Mrs. Knox Hubard Robert Hubbard John L. Huffman Marion J. Humphreys Jim Hunt Michael W. Hunt William Huntington Charles E. Hutchinson Benjamin Huynh Mr. and Mrs. Lou Illi Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Innes Ray Inscoe Timothy Isaacs Leonard Jackson Paula S. Jakub Steven Jaren Jack Jeffries Joseph A. and Elizabeth Cabell Jennings Barry and Nancy Jett CPT Charles Scott Johnson USN Ret. Earl R. Johnston Cynthia C. Jones Felton Jones

Hamill Jones J. Kipling Jones Karen Jones Mr. and Mrs. Phillip L. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Scott Jones Mr. and Mrs. Crawley F. Joyner III Kelly Justice Timur Kanaatov Tinky Keen Severn Kellam John H. Kelley Doug Kellner Mr. and Mrs. Tom Kelly Thomas F. Kern, Jr. Kenneth J. Kievit Anna Killius Stephen Kindrick Susan L. King Richard Kingsley Bruce Kirchner Mr. and Mrs. Philip W. Klaus, Jr. Bernie C. Klemanek Nancy Kline Gil Klinger John T. Kneebone and Elizabeth Roderick Michael Knez Robert Kocher, Sr. Dr. and Mrs. Warren W. Koontz, Jr. Steven Koppelman Michael Kurland Maj. and Mrs. Duncan M. Lang David A. Langbart Peggy Lavinder Melanie Leavitt Arthur G. Ledbetter Robert Lee Sidney C. Lemon Mr. and Mrs. William J. Lemon Mr. and Mrs. Timothy J. Lewis Jerome Liebman Samantha Hagan Lingad Dr. Keith Littlewood Timothy J. Lockhart Larry S. Long Rodney Lorence Norea Lowery Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Lucas Michael C. Lucas Daniel C. Lundeen Scott S. Luttrell Donald F. Lynch Isaac Lynch Ralph Larry Lyons

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

Bobbie MacDonald John G. Macfarlane George W. Macon Jeniffer Maloney Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Markardt Ryan P. Markham Phil Markowski William F. Marley Claude Mayo Douglas F. McCallum Dennis D. McCarthy John McClure A. Lee McCown Dr. Anne McElroy and Mr. John L. McElroy Michael McGarry Mary K. McGuire Jim McLain Dan McLaughlin Mr. and Mrs. Michael McLaughlin Michael E. McPoland Kathy McVay Joe and Cindy Megginson Mr. and Mrs. Fred R. Meiners William Menefee Neal Menkes Margaret A. Metzinger Harry M. Middleton Mary Mielke Joe Milazzo Charles Miller Mr. and Mrs. Mark Miller Mary A. Miller Terrance Minnick and Edwin F. Gentry Robert Moeller Mr. and Mrs. Carlton P. Moffatt Robert Montague Kathryn Moore Brent D. Morgan Sara Moriarty Patrick J. Mountain Gen. and Mrs. John W. Mountcastle Sean Murphy Tim Murray Mr. and Mrs. Lynn Myers Steve Nadolson David Nagle George L. Nance Winfred D. Nash Daryl A. Nelson James L. Nelson James Newberry

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Anthony J. Nicole Paige Nolen Julia J. Norrell Keith W. Northup Elaine M. Nowinski G.W. Obaugh Patrick S. O’Brien Fredrick R. O’Keeffe Dr. John M. Olsson Mary O’Sullivan David Owens Eva-Merete Ozkaptan Mr. and Mrs. H.B. Pack Mr. and Mrs. Randall W. Packett, Jr. Drew Pallo W. H. Parcell Stephen M. Parke Philip Paschall Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Pasley Mr. and Mrs. Graham Patterson Mary Pawlowski Mr. and Mrs. Kimball Payne Joseph Payne James E. Pearman, Jr. Chris Peterson Christine Peterson Beverly Pflugrath Gardner Phillips George G. Phillips Dr. Harvey A. Phillips Josh Phillips Mr. and Mrs. James R. Pickens Earl T. Pickett John P. Pickford Dr. Mariano Piedra John M. Pietras Edward Pillsbury Charles Pinkerton Catherine Plotkin Elisabeth Poe Marvin L. Polk Stewart Pollock Joseph M. Pompano Dr. Clifton W. Potter and Dr. Dorothy T. Potter Michael Powers Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Pratt Dr. Anita Prince Ken Pritchett Nick E. Proffitt William C. Prout George Puchovich Brian Pumphrey Mr. and Mrs. Roy E. Putze

Hon. and Mrs. Ben Ragsdale Dorothy M. Ramsey Mr. and Mrs. Marc Ramsey Robert Randolph Patricia P. Rawls Robin D. Ray Mr. and Mrs. Tom Redfern Kaye Redford James Reep Gregory Regelski J. W. Reid Mr. and Mrs. Ralph E. Reynolds F. W. Richards, Jr. Robert Richardson Philip Riddle Clement Robbins Sallie Roberts Glen Robertson Dr. and Mrs. J. Mott Robertson, Jr. Richard B. Robins Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Rockefeller Noah Rogers George Roper Paul Rose David Rosen John B. Rosenman Lynnwood Ross Aubrey J. Rosser Joseph Royal Roger Rudder Susan Rumley John A. Rupp Bill E. Russell H Guy Sager R. A. Salgado John S Salmon Leah L. Samuels Dr. George E. Sanborn Rachael Sauerbrunn Ruth Saunders Elora Sayre Kent and Judy Schlussel Fred Schneider Nicholas Schneider Mr. and Mrs. James M. Schnell Gary W. Schnurrpusch Michael R. Schoenenberger Elyse Schoenig Robert Schultz Scott & Stringfellow D. C. Seay Steven Selinger Rosanne Shalf Patrick N Shank

Bev Sherman Katrina Shultz Dr. Donna Sieckmann and Mr. Neale Ainsfiled Vernon L. Simmons Warren A. Simmons Robert F. Singer Barbara Smith David Smith Mr. and Mrs. Howard Smith Ivian C. Smith James Smith Michael R. Smythers John Snow Mr. and Mrs. David Southworth Annette S. Sparks Elizabeth Spiers Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M. Spivey III William S. Spotswood, Jr. Paul Spraker Lucy A. Squarzini Vincent St. Angelo Elizabeth A. Stallings Edward H. Starr Doug Steele Mr. and Mrs. Russell Steele Mr. and Mrs. Dale E. Stern David J. Stetson Bob Stevens James B. Stone John P. Stone Robert L. Stone Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Strange Alan C. Stringer Roy W. Stubbs Patricia A. Stuckey Richard Sturtevant John B. Stutts Mary-Helen Sullivan Major Tommy Summers Jerry Swerling Steve Sylvester Norman Tadlock Gregory Tait Allen L. Taylor Lewis J. Taylor Susan Taylor Tazewell G. Taylor Evie Terrono Charles S. Terry William Tharp Mr. and Mrs. Brian Thomas Danny Lee Thomas Johnny L. Thompson

Scott Thompson Thomas Thompson John W. Thornton Jack Tiller Robert Trevorrow William E. Trible Wilson R. Trice Carson L. Tucker Mr. and Mrs. Carter H. Tucker John Tucker Lawrence A. Tucker Rodger Tucker Mr. and Mrs. Walter D. Tucker John H. Tuohy Mr. and Mrs. Claude L. Turner James Turner Mr. and Mrs. H. G. Tyler James A. Tyler Martha Tyler James and Barbara Ukrop Mr. and Mrs. George Ungerer III Robert Van Giezen Wouter K.Vanderwal Mr. and Mrs. Edgar B.Vandiver Mr. and Mrs. Ernest C. Vaughan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson F. Vellines, Jr. Richard D.Vercellone Patricia A. Walenista Mr. and Mrs. Buren W. Walker Tom and Sue Walker Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Walton Michael Ward Christopher Warren Stephan P. Wassel Michael Waters Frank T. Watrous

Stephen H. Watts Thomas R. Weakley D. E. Webb Cmdr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Weinhardt David A. Weller Cindy Wells Cory Welshans David and Diane West Jade West Relling Westfall Jacqueline Westfall Edgar V. Wheeler David R. White James A. White Mr. and Mrs. Preston White CPT and Mrs. Ralph White, Jr. Kay Whitfield Franklin S. Whitlock Eric Wiggins Christopher Wilcher Ann P. Williams Mr. and Mrs. Charles Williams Mr. and Ms. Fielding L. Williams, Jr. Richard Williams Steven R. Williams H. Alexander Wise Mr. and Mrs. John H. Wood Ken Wood Lamar K. Wood Caroline Wright Col. Christine Wynd Shamier Yates Brenda Young Catherine Young Mr. and Mr. Robert L.Young Terry Zerwick Christos Zirps, USN Ret.

Bethel Chapter #185, UDC General Stuart Chapter #2195, UDC Hanover Chapter #1399, UDC Real Granddaughters Club Rockbridge Civil War Round Table The Valentine Museum

VERMONT A. S. McBurney

WASHINGTON Lori Anthony Walter A. Appel David A. Arceo Gary Bartlett Martha P. Bolen Richard Hanson Duane S. Moe Sarah Moser Jon Ruckle Linda Russell Caroline Sunderland Frederic L. Tolleson, USMC Ret. Leland Trotter Daniel Wilcox

WEST VIRGINIA Danny L. Arthur J. L. Brannon Michael Chancey Joseph H. Gresham Paul G. Huhn Kathleen E. Hurst

International Giving

Edward Stetka Haven Wall

WISCONSIN William Arbter Patricia A. Bandomir Robert L. Bartelt Carolyn S. Bolton Raymond Carlson David H. Fasth Michael Faust Mr. Peter Dignan and Mrs. Gerri Gribi William A. Lazarz Leanne Newman Joyce Renee Paradise Anton Pliska Richard Reinhart Jack Schmitt Fred R. Schneider Mr. and Mrs. Albert L. Shaw Tim Sprecher Robert Steliga Lois Vail Mike White Mike Wicinsky Ralph Winrich Dr. Douglas A. Wolk

WYOMING Gregory Eaglin Thomas Lovelace

ARMY POST OFFICE Michael S. Hubbard

DONATIONS BY COUNTRY

BELGIUM

GERMANY

NORWAY

Daniel J. Frankignoul Hubert B. Leroy

Chad Lash Dr. Susan Vogel

Katharina Schlichtherle

ENGLAND

NETHERLANDS

Marilyn Standfast

Colin Rosen

UNITED KINGDOM Ian F. Beckett

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

PHOTO BY PENELOPE M. CARRINGTON

ACWM STAFF FULL TIME Includes current as of December 31, 2020, and employees present at end of FY 2020. Elisabeth Muhlenfeld Wollan Interim CEO Aida Akbar Ali Education Programs Coordinator Ed Andrews Visitor Engagement Supervisor

Penelope Carrington Creative Services Manager Christi Connors Events Coordinator John Coski Historian Patrick Daughtry Chief Advancement Officer Morgan Floyd Visitor Engagement Supervisor

Robert Hancock Senior Curator and Director of Collections Rachel Harper Digital Engagement Manager Ray Harrison Facilities Assistant, Housekeeping Daniel Hudson Facilities Manager Gabriel Hunter-Chang Digital Marketing Coordinator

Stephanie Arduini Director of the Ayers Center and Deputy Director

Chris Graham Curator of Exhibits

Kirk Blandford Chief Financial Officer and Director of Human Resources

Danielle Green Facilities Assistant, Housekeeping Katie Lewis Coordinator of Annual Fund and Kelly Hancock Membership Support Public Programs Manager

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Hattie Jordan Executive Assistant

Jeniffer Maloney Marketing Manager Dolphine Montague Accountant Chris Pence Coordinator of Institutional Giving Alena Renner Collections Manager Joseph Rogers Education Programs Manager Bob Sayre Director of Visitor Engagement Chuck Young Visitor Engagement Supervisor

ACWM STAFF PART TIME Charles Bizzell Visitor Engagement

Jennifer Hyde Visitor Engagement

Carolyn Tarne Visitor Engagement

Kathryn Clikeman Visitor Engagement

Kaitlyn McCleese Visitor Engagement

Will Thomas Facilities Assistant

Ana Edwards Visitor Engagement

Peter Rot Visitor Engagement

Sherry Tomlin Visitor Engagement

Catherine Hurt Visitor Engagement

Roderick Stanley Visitor Engagement Supervisor

Jamie Weaver Visitor Engagement

TEACHERS ADVISORY COUNCIL 2019-2020 ACADEMIC YEAR* Valencia Ann Abbot Rockingham Early College High School

Sara Owens New Castle Middle School

Joseph Servis Appomattox County High School

Tomacine (Tomi) Crouch Blue Ridge Juvenile Detention Center

Kadie Patterson Tennessee Department of Education

Nicole Stonestreet Manchester High School

Bruce L. Damasio Towson University, Maryland

Jason Rojee Medway High School Milford, Massachusetts

* All locations in Virginia except where noted otherwise.

Patrick Jacob Mosaic Templars Cultural Center Little Rock, Arkansas Kris McDaniel Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction

Meaghan Rymer Swansboro Elementary School Clarke Scott Pittsylvania County Schools Central Office

THE TREDEGAR SOCIETY The Tredegar Society is the Junior Board of the American Civil War Museum. Through the year they support the mission and fundraising goals of the museum by hosting events such Loose Cannons. Cam Atkins President Tayler Anderson Secretary Sevren Gourley Treasurer

Carter Southworth President Emeritus 2019-2020 Caroline Carpenter Laura Cobb Mary Kristen Craver Devika E. Davis Katie Durham Hamill Jones Rachel Koenig Tim Koenig Myron McClees Joseph Payne Caitlin Reynolds Alex Whitehurst

VOLUNTEERS (BEFORE COVID)

RICHMOND Nancy Logan Gabrielle M. Wallace Randy Welch

APPOMATTOX Diana Davis Don Jones Joe Megginson

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

DONATIONS TO THE COLLECTION

JULY 1, 2019 TO JUNE 30,2020 Anonymous Donor

Document, promotion of Theophilus Brunson to 1st sergeant, Co. A, 43rd Wisconsin Infantry, February 11, 1865

Letter, from Private John H. James, 46th Virginia Infantry, to Maj. John H. Richardson, (probably 39th Battalion Virginia Cavalry), April 1864;

Army Historical Foundation

Quartermaster receipt, September 1862;

Documents: Muster Roll, 45th Alabama Volunteers, 1862; Monthly Report, Beall’s Brigade, April 1863; Enlistment Form, State of North Carolina, Charles Cross, 1861; Requisition Forms, 31st Alabama, November 1862; Circular, Confederate Adjutant and Inspector-General’s Office, January 1863;

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Morning Report, Lieut. Col. Miller’s Command, April 4th [1863]

Ruth Ann and John Coski, In Memory of Tucker H. Hill Book, The Celluloid South: Hollywood and the Southern Myth by Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr., 1981, inscribed by author to Tucker H. Hill

Friends of the St. Mary’s County Library Books, Officers of the Army and Navy

(regular) Who Served in the Civil War by William H. Powell and Edward Shippen, 1892, and Officers of the Army and Navy (volunteer) Who Served in the Civil War by William H. Powell, 1893

Dwight Sturtevant Hughes (author)

Book, A Confederate Biography:The Cruise of the CSS Shenandoah

Randy Miller

Document, Slave for hire contract, “Negro boy named Tom,” January 30, 1858, Huntsville, Alabama Tommy J. Waldrop Document, Promotion of A.B. Johnston to 2nd Lieut., Crenshaw Battery Virginia Artillery, 1863

PHOTOS BY ROBERT HANCOCK

Mary Ann Brandenburg

Baskets carved from peach pits (above photo) by George Wallace Smith (Co. H, 13th Massachusetts) while a POW at Libby Prison in Richmond

Vann T. Williams, In Memory of Mrs. E. Otto N. Williams and E. Otto N. Williams, Jr.

12-piece silver service (photo right and opposite page) made by Hayden & Whilden (includes soup tureen, tureen tray, two vegetable dishes, two gravy boats, two sauce tureens, and four small trays), that belonged to Confederate Commissioner of Exchange, Judge Robert Ould and Madge Dorsey Ould; Framed photograph of Madge Ould Powers

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

ON THE WATERFRONT

B ROWN ’ S I S L AN D BY KELLY R. HANCOCK This is the second installment of an occasional series about the history of the American Civil War Museum’s neighborhood on Richmond’s James River waterfront.

Aerial view of Brown’s Island when it was cordoned off in preparation for an event. Courtesy of Jeff Arnowitz.

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isit Brown’s Island on any day when the weather is at least halfway decent, and you will not find yourself alone. This six-acre, manmade island is teeming with life — mothers with children in tow, joggers, school groups, tourists, and business people out for a noonday stroll. Locals automatically associate Brown’s Island with the Richmond Folk Festival, Friday Cheers, Dominion Riverrock, and other outdoor events. Most people with a knowledge of Civil War Richmond will think of the explosion that occurred on the island at the Confederate States Laboratory on March 13, 1863. This accident, which resulted when 18-year-old Mary Ryan banged a varnishing board on the side of a table to loosen a stuck percussion cap, caused the deaths of at least 45 people, and injured many others. It was as a result of earlier, small-scale, explosions that Confederate officials chose the island as a new home for the laboratory, which “employed from three to four hundred females, of all ages, ranging from twelve to twenty years.” Because the island was a “pretty little wilderness” of “bamboca (a type of bamboo) and brush-wood,” the hope was that any

explosion there would not produce collateral damage. Yet, the accident devastated Richmonders and still stands today among the city’s worst. Brown’s Island was created in 1789 with the excavation of a canal to channel water that powered the extensive Haxall-Crenshaw flour mill a few hundred yards downriver. Originally, the spillway created not just one island, but two, dividing the acreage that comprises modern Brown’s Island from the north bank of the James and bisecting it perpendicularly. Bearing the name of Elijah Brown, who purchased the property in 1826, the island had its fair share of history before the American Civil War. Later, another owner, Hall Nielson, tried to persuade people to call it after him, but Richmonders are stubborn about name changes. (How many people do you know who still refer to the Altria as the Mosque or to the Diamond as Parker Field?) Hence despite the various property owners over the years, it has remained Brown’s Island. According to an historical marker on the island, Elijah Brown was a gunsmith, who relocated from Rhode Island and went

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

This 1865 stereograph taken by Alexander Gardner from Gamble’s Hill shows the ruins of the Virginia Manufactory of Arms in the foreground, the Haxall Canal, Brown’s Island, the ruins of the Richmond-Petersburg Railroad bridge, and the James River beyond. Tredegar Iron Works is hidden from view in the lower right of the image. ACWM Collection

to work for the Virginia Manufactory of Arms. Brown later joined the public guard, serving as a lieutenant and paymaster. Brown’s activity in the guard may be why a military tradition associated with the island developed. Newspaper accounts from the 1840s through the early 1850s document the tradition of localmilitia units marching to the island on the Fourth of July for dinner and toasts. Captain Goode’s Guards, the Mechanics Guard, and the Public Guard used the island in various years, and the Richmond Fayette Artillery made the island its primary gathering place. (Originally founded in 1821 as the Richmond Light Artillery, the battery changed its name in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, who visited in 1824 and presented them with two 6-pounder cannons.) The Richmond Fayette Artillery got particularly creative on July 4, 1848, and, in addition to the usual suspects – George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Independence, and fallen heroes –

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offered toasts accompanied by a one-gun salute to Republican France, Ireland, the plough, and education “in primary schools, in Grammar schools, in high schools, in all academies, in all colleges — to be cherished as the true and solid basis of the liberties we enjoy.” Of all the toast recipients, only “woman” received a two-gun salute. The toasts given two years later in 1850 were particularly reflective of the growing fissure in the nation. Captain Robert G. Scott, who had commanded one of the companies of the First Virginia during the Mexican War, toasted “The Union: Its dissolution cannot be effected by the government of the United States and the politicians at Washington. It can only be dissolved by the States and the ascertained will of the people of the States.” Lieutenant Rawlings raised his glass to “The South against the North: Our cause is just, and our quarrel honorable,” and Quartermaster Gooch offered, “Our own South: She has been hitherto hunted as the Deer; let her now arise

and be the Lion.” The use of the island as a celebration ground for the militia seems to have ceased when Thomas Ball opened an establishment on the island in March 1854. The Daily Dispatch commented that Ball “is now having built a large ‘flat boat,’ to convey persons to and from the landing in rear of the Armory, free of charge; and as he intends keeping refreshments of all kinds on hand to supply his customers, we have very little doubt that he will do a fine business. Richmond is entirely destitute of places of resort for recreation and amusement for business men at leisure hours, that Brown’s Island cannot fail to become popular if properly conducted.” Ball’s plans for success hit a snag, however, when in August some “fifteen to twenty persons” became violently ill with “vomiting and cramps” after consuming soup. Fortunately, no one died. The Daily Dispatch speculated that “the cook or someone else must have

The Civil War brought industry to the island with the establishment of the Confederate States Laboratory in 1863, and, although there was a brief period of inactivity following the war, as the newly reunited country moved toward the turn of the century, the island resumed its industrial activity. In 1894, a coal power plant was built by the Richmond Railway and Electric Company. The nation’s first practical streetcar system had been launched in Richmond in 1888.

The island is home to the Richmond Folk Fest.

PHOTOS BY PENELOPE M. CARRINGTON

mistook some deadly poison for seasoning, and used it as such.” By 1855, the island appears to have gone to the seedy side. Peter Natalie, who was renting the island and operating an establishment there, was charged with selling ardent spirits without out a license in February 1855. Although the charge was eventually dismissed, the island became a place for unsavory amusements. Cock fights were advertised, and in April 1856, a young fireman named Augustus Churchill was arrested for setting fire to the ten-pin alley. The island became a refuge for gamblers and perhaps for thieves. On September 22, 1859, the Daily Dispatch reported that Woodson Dunn, a “young burglar,” sought to evade the law by hiding in a “cock-loft” in a small house on the “south-side of the basin.”

taken over by the Albemarle Paper Company, in operation since 1887. The Albemarle Paper Company expanded its operations, purchasing the Tredegar Iron Works property when the company folded in 1957 and acquiring the Ethyl Corporation of Delaware in 1962. Albemarle adopted the Ethyl Corporation’s name and is today’s New Market Corporation. Industry on the island waned, and in 1975 (three years after record flooding from Hurricane Agnes dealt a deathblow to riverfront industry), the last plant closed. In 1987, Brown’s Island became

part of the James River Parks system, developing into the hub of recreation that it is today. Interpreters often tell groups that a tour of Brown’s Island provides a microcosm of Civil War Richmond. In reality, the history of Brown’s Island encompasses much more than that. It provides a lens for viewing Richmond’s change over time and exploring its development into a modern city. Kelly R. Hancock is the Museum’s Public Programs Manager. She gives tours of Brown’s Island focusing the Civil War or life in Civil War Richmond.

A few years later in 1899, the Virginia Railway and Power company (forerunner of today’s Dominion Energy) built a hydroelectric power plant. In response to the United States’ entry into World War I, the company beefed up security for its plant by placing several large arc lights on the western portion of the island, causing the Richmond Times-Dispatch, to report in April 1917 that the “lights make it practically impossible for anyone to approach the electric plant from the west without being seen.” Another resident of the island was the Dixie Paper and Pulp Company, which took over the old 1894 coal power plant in 1916. Boasting the “most modern machinery,” the company planned to specialize in wrapping paper. However, within three years, it was

Author Kelly Hancock shared the history of Brown’s Island while touring the island during the annual Teacher’s Institute. T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

SHOP

COLOSSAL AMBITIONS: CONFEDERATE PLANNING FOR A POST-CIVIL WAR WORLD by Adrian Brettle (the historian who curated the Museum’s Southern Ambitions exhibit) explores how leading Confederate thinkers envisioned their postwar nation — its relationship with the United States, its place in the Americas, and its role in the global order. HARDCOVER, ITEM #154068 $45.00; MEMBERS $40.50

SOUTHERN LADY, YANKEE SPY: THE TRUE STORY OF ELIZABETH VAN LEW, A UNION AGENT IN THE HEART OF THE CONFEDERACY (Illustrated Edition) by Elizabeth R.Varon provides a gripping, richly researched account of the woman who led what one historian called “the most productive espionage operation of the Civil War.” PAPERBACK, ITEM #1966 $19.99; MEMBERS $17.99

THE WOMEN’S FIGHT: THE CIVIL WAR’S BATTLES FOR HOME, FREEDOM, AND NATION

FIGHTING FOR CITIZENSHIP: BLACK NORTHERNERS AND THE DEBATE OVER MILITARY SERVICE IN THE CIVIL WAR by Brian Taylor explores the debates among Black Northerners over how best to use the opportunity that civil war presented to win abolition and secure African-American rights. PAPERBACK, ITEM #154194 $28.94; MEMBERS $26.05

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by Thavolia Glymph provides a comprehensive new history of women’s roles and lives in the Civil War–North and South, white and black, enslaved and free – and the political and moral battle to preserve the Union and end slavery. HARDCOVER, ITEM #154026 $34.95; MEMBERS $31.46

2 021 SY M POS I U M S PE A K E R S

WASHINGTON BROTHERHOOD: POLITICS, SOCIAL LIFE, AND THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR by

VIRGINIA WATERWAYS AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD by Cassandra Newby-

Rachel A. Shelden paints a nuanced portrait of Washington, D.C., as city with a vibrant social and cultural life in which politicians from different parties and regions interacted freely as they confronted the sectional crisis. PAPERBACK, ITEM #154184 $29.95; MEMBERS $ 26.95

Alexander reveals how Virginia’s waterways became part of the Underground Railroad network in the years before the Civil War, and how enslaved men aided freedom seekers. PAPERBACK, ITEM #153732 $21.99; MEMBERS $ 19.79

A POLITICAL NATION: NEW DIRECTIONS IN MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN POLITICAL HISTORY edited by Gary W.

EMANCIPATION, THE UNION ARMY, AND THE REELECTION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN by

Gallagher and Rachel A. Shelden presents a variety of essays that address the dynamics of American political parties and factions and analyze elections, voters, and issues from the1830s through Reconstruction. HARDCOVER, ITEM #154185 $45.00; MEMBERS $40.50

Jonathan W. White challenges the standard interpretation that the U.S. Army vote in the 1864 Presidential election demonstrated that soldiers supported the Republican Party and its effort to abolish slavery. PAPERBACK, ITEM #154186 $28.00; MEMBERS $25.20

AN AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR IN HAMPTON ROADS by Cassandra NewbyAlexander shows how the region that had been “Ground Zero” for African-American slavery in English North America became “Ground Zero” for Emancipation in the American Civil War.

PAPERBACK, ITEM #152696 $19.99; MEMBERS $17.99

THE ENDURING CIVIL WAR: REFLECTIONS ON THE GREAT AMERICAN CRISIS by Gary W. Gallagher includes 73 of Gallagher’s best essays highlighting the complexity and richness of the war, from its origins to its memory, as topics for study, contemplation, and dispute. HARDCOVER, ITEM #154142 $34.95; MEMBERS $31.45

TRIUMPH AND DEFEAT: THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN, VOLUME 2 by Terrence J. Winschel offers ten

VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK (Images of America) by Terrence J. Winschel features stunning photographs documenting the history of the battlefield and the work of Union and Confederate veterans and others who made it the “art park of the world.” Paperback, Item #154188 $21.99; MEMBERS $19.79

new insightful chapters by the long-time chief historian of the Vicksburg National Military Park about the military operations, commanders, and civilians in the Civil War’s most decisive campaign. Paperback, Item #041006 $19.95; MEMBERS $17.95

THE THREE-CORNERED WAR: THE UNION, THE CONFEDERACY, AND NATIVE PEOPLES IN THE FIGHT FOR THE WEST by Megan Kate Nelson explores the connections among the Civil War, the Indian wars, and western expansion, reframing the era as one of national conflict—involving not just the North and South, but also the West. HARDCOVER, ITEM #154187 $28.00; MEMBERS $25.20

T H E A M E R I C A N C I V I L WA R M U S E U M

THREE LOCATIONS ONE AMAZING MUSEUM

HISTORIC TREDEGAR WHITE HOUSE OF THE CONFEDERACY | APPOMATTOX ACWM.ORG

804.649.1861

ACWM Magazine (Spring 2021): Annual Report

Articles inside

On the Waterfront

Donations to the Collection

A Sword, a Kepi and the Battle for the American Southwest

A Million Dollar Investment in Educational Excellence

Dr. Rob Havers