New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

Documentation of the teaching results from the spring semester 2014

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation Reinhard Kรถnig, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt

iA

Chair of Information Architecture

Chair of Information Architecture

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation Documentation of teaching results Reinhard Kรถnig, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt

iA

Chair of Information Architecture

Teaching Reinhard Kรถnig, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt Syllabi http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/category/teaching/archive/fs2014-new-methods-in-urban-analysis-and-simulation/ Seminar New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation Students Guillaume Stark, Jain Neel, Jing Xi, Lewis Williams, Li Li, Rini Singhvi, Stanislas Chaillou Published by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) Department of Architecture Chair of Information Architecture Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT H 31.6 8093 Zurich Switzerland Zurich, December 2014 Layout Gava Alessandra Contact reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch | http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/koenig/ Cover picture: Front and back side: Guillaume Stark, Isovist and shadow analysis for Max Bill Platz, Zurich

Course Description and Program

Information Architecture

Mondays 14:00 – 18:00 063-1357-13 G | 4 ECTS* New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation A solid knowledge of computational methods is an increasingly important key competence for future architects or urban planners.

In this course you will learn how to analyze and generate spatial configurations with advanced computational methods.

In a series of theory lectures we explore how designing and planning of cities could become evidence based by using scientific methods.

Various exercises will provide training for your skills in working with state-of-the-art yet office proven design tools (Depthmap, Ecotect, and Rhino/Grasshopper). In an integral project work, you will deepen your knowledge in spatial analysis and simulation methods such as Space Syntax using Depthmap software and environmental analysis with the program Ecotect. In addition you will acquire skills for using analysis methods for generative design processes. Therefore we introduce you into the parametric design software Grasshopper for Rhino 3D. Based on the methods introduced during the semester, you will learn and understand different effects of planning and design interventions on urban life. At the end of the course you will be able to interpret analysis and simulation results, and to apply correspondent computational methods for your own planning projects.

Where: Lecture, HIT F22 - Value Lab Exercise, HIT H12 When: Mondays 14:00 to 18:00 Supervision: Dr. Reinhard König Estefania Tapias Matthias Standfest

reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch tapias@arch.ethz.ch standfest@arch.ethz.ch

17.02.2014

Introduction to the course E1 - Rhino/Grasshopper tutorial

24.02.2014

Generative systems workshop E2 - Generative techniques

03.03.2014

Space syntax I E3 - Convex Map, Axial Map of a small area

10.03.2014

Space syntax II

E4 - Depthmap & GIS: Prepare Data -> Import Data –> Analysis methods 17.03.2014

Seminar week (no lecture)

24.03.2014

Space syntax III E5 - Rhino/Grasshopper

31.03.2014

07.04.2014

Empirical studies

E6 - Collect data (evaluate existing materials)

Microclimate analysis I E7 - Ecotect Tutorial I. Analysis of a small urban area.

14.04.2014

Microclimate analysis II E8 - Rhino/Grasshopper

05.05.2014

Best practice examples - Guest lecture

12.05.2014

Final consultation

16.05.2014

Final iA critique Combined critique with the other iA courses

* Total 120 h = 4 ECTS Exercises 25% (documentations) Presentation 25% (project at the end) Written documentation 50% (project) The most recent outline will be found on www.ia.arch.ethz.ch

Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schmitt

iA

Chair of Information Architecture

Content Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz (Z端rich-Oerlikon) Student: Guillaume Stark

p.9

Pedestrian Network: Old City of Ahmedabad Student: Jain Neel

p.15

Kasernenareal: Park oder City?

Student: Jing Xi

p.23

Knoxville, Tennessee Student: Lewis Williams

p.35

Design with the Invisible Student: Li Li

p.43

Extension of Gandhi Ashram Student: Rini Singhvi

p.49

A Refuge on Stromboli Island Student: Stanislas Chaillou

p.55

Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz (Z端rich-Oerlikon) Student: Guillaume Stark

Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz [Oerlikon ZH]

Final Examination Stark Guillaume

Summary. Max-Bill Platz in Oerlikon has a strange status. It’s a triangular square, surrounded by big-scale housing buildings. Although its urban environnment, the Platz hasn’t a dynamic. Why? and what could be done in the aim of galvanizing this space are the question that this analysis tries to answer.

Motivation. As future architects/urban planners, we might very well be confronted to such issues. The idea is to make use of the tools learned in the course in order to suggest an option that would improve Max-Bill Platz dynamic and, if possible, point out the factors that take on the most influence.

Summary. Max-Bill Platz in Oerlikon has a strange status. It’s a triangular square, surrounded by big-scale housing buildings. Although its urban environnment, the Platz hasn’t a dynamic. Why? and what could be done in the aim of galvanizing this space are the question that this analysis tries to answer.

Motivation. As future architects/urban planners, we might very well be confronted to such issues. The idea is to make use of the tools learned in the course in order to suggest an option that would improve Max-Bill Platz dynamic and, if possible, point out the factors that take on the most influence.

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Shadow analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] shows that the square is provided with enough light during the day, it also defines the area where an intervention would make sense, considering that people would spend more time in the sunlight.

dow analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] shows that the square rovided with enough light during the day, it also defines the area where an vention would make sense, considering that people would spend more time e sunlight.

ds in Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Integration [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it is today, the triangular shape which defines MaxBill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.

gration [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it is today, the triangular shape h defines Max-Bill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.The goal is activate the square.

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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

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Chair of Information Architecture

Integration considering the road as a non-walkable space [depthmap, axial map analysis] the road bordering Max-Bill Platz is an important axis for the city and therefore subject to high trafic.

As the analysis is based on a pedestrian scale, it makes sens to consider the road the same way as a building. We can see that the square is even less integrated than it was in the previous analysis, although the crosswalks are considered as «gates» through the road.

ion considering the road as a non-walkable space [depthmap, axial alysis] the road bordering Max-Bill Platz is an important axis for the city refore subject to high trafic. As the analysis is based on a pedestrian makes sens to consider the road the same way as a building. We can the square is even less integrated than it was in the previous analysis, h the crosswalks are considered as «gates» through the road.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Choice [depthmap, axial map analysis] shows that Max-Bill Platz is not offering a large range of choices, increasing this factor could be a way to galvanize the square.

on [depthmap, axial map analysis] as it is today, the triangular shape efines Max-Bill Platz is also defined as a non-integrated area.The goal is vate the square.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Connectivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] shows that Max-Bill Platz suffers from a lack of connections, the crossroads nearby seems to act as a pole of connectivity. Shifting this pole or dissolving it could be a way to connect the square to its surroundings.

ctivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] shows that Max-Bill Platz from a lack of connections, the crossroads nearby seems to act as a pole ectivity. Shifting this pole or dissolving it could be a way to connect the to its surroundings.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Isovist [depthmap, visibility analysis] what can be seen from the square is mostly the road, which makes it un-attractive for the pedestrians. This analysis reveals that the view factors are also to be taken into account.

epthmap, visibility analysis] what can be seen from the square is road, which makes it un-attractive for the pedestrians. This analysis at the view factors are also to be taken into account.

Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

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Comparison of the options shows that option 4 has the more potential regarding integration and choice. The several objects give a dynamic to the square, where the other options were helpless.

mization option 4 ante 2

arison of the options shows that option 4 has the more potential regarntegration and choice. The several objects give a dynamic to the square, the other options were helpless.

Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Integration [depthmap, axial map analysis] this variante shows the best potential, the inclined shape of the five objects provide the square with a heart, which is an important feature for an urban square. It also drives the fluxes and dialog

timization option 4 iante 2

ation [depthmap, axial map analysis] this variante shows the best pothe inclined shape of the five objects provide the square with a heart, is an important feature for an urban square. It also drives the fluxes and with the direct and remoted surroundings.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Choice [depthmap, axial map analysis] reveals that now Max-Bill Platz offers more choice, this intervention would create a more vibrating and dynamic space .

ante 2

ce [depthmap, axial map analysis] reveals that now Max-Bill Platz offers choice, this intervention would create a more vibrating and dynamic space .

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Comparison of the options shows that option 4 has the more potential regarding integration and choice. The several objects give a dynamic to the square, where the other options were helpless.

[depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] here, the square seems to s own identity by creating views inside the space. This also means that ments that compose the intervention need a minimum height in order to the isovist graph.

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Chair of Information Architecture

iante 2

Shadow analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] the new space created would still benefit from a good sun exposition, another advantage of this multipleobjects intervention.

iante 2

ow analysis [grasshopper, time 21 September] the new space created d still benefit from a good sun exposition, another advantage of this multiplets intervention.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Connectivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] compared to the last connectivity graph, the square is now less connected to the trafic. The crossraod nearby seems to loose its importance, which is good, as it could not be used by the pedestrians.

nectivity [depthmap, visibility analysis, 3m grid] compared to the last ectivity graph, the square is now less connected to the trafic. The crossraod by seems to loose its importance, which is good, as it could not be used by edestrians.

n Urban Analysis and Simulation - Galvanizing Max-Bill Platz

Conclusion. At the beginning of the analysis, the first design idea was very far from the variante chosen at the end of the process. The analysis reveals what’s underneath the surface, and actaually open new perspectives for design.

The project proposed here could be more refined, by testing more design options, but the basis of the concept are now solid, and this step is hard to aquire.

Such analysis could be applied to any project that has an environnment, and it shall now be part of my design process.

Conclusion. At the beginning of the analysis, the first design idea was very far from the variante chosen atMethods the end theandprocess.

The Max-Bill analysis New in Urbanof Analysis Simulation - Galvanizing Platz reveals what’s underneath the surface, and actaually open new perspectives for design. The project proposed here could be more refined, by testing more design options, but the basis of the concept are now solid, and this step is hard to aquire. Such analysis could be applied to any project that has an environnment, and it shall now be part of my design process.

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Pedestrian Network: Old City of Ahmedabad Student: Jain Neel

Ahmedabad City Located on the western part of India, Ahmedabad City has its roots more than 600 years old. Formed and developed by Mughals then, it has been lived in ever after. Hosting more than 6.5 million people it is the seventh largest city in India. It is also a place holding various architectural works by very well known Architects, both nationally and internationally.

AHMEDABAD CITY

!

TOP LEFT : LOCATION TOP CENTER: I.I.M.A. BY LOUIS KAHN TOP RIGHT : JAMI MASJID CENTER : SHODHAN HOUSE BY LE CORBUSIER BOTTOM : AHMEDABAD CITY SKYLINE WITH SABARMATI RIVER

LOCATED ON THE WESTERN PART OF INDIA, AHMEDABAD CITY HAS ITS ROOTS MORE THAN 600 YEARS OLD. FORMED AND DEVELOPED BY MUGHALS THEN, ITS BEEN LIVED IN EVER AFTER. HOSTING MORE THAN 6.5 MILLION PEOPLE ITS THE SEVENTH LARGEST CITY IN INDIA. ITS ALSO A PLACE HOLDING VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL WORKS BY VERY WELL KNOWN ARCHITECTS NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY.

AHMEDABAD CITY

LOCATED ON THE WESTERN PART OF INDIA, AHMEDABAD CITY HAS IT THAN 600 YEARS OLD. FORMED AND DEVELOPED BY MUGHALS THEN IN EVER AFTER. HOSTING MORE THAN 6.5 MILLION PEOPLE ITS THE S CITY IN INDIA. ITS ALSO A PLACE HOLDING VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL WELL KNOWN ARCHITECTS NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY.

AHMEDABAD STREET NETWORK AHMEDABAD CITY: CITY: STREET NETWORK

TOP LEFT : SATELLITE IMAGERY, TOP LEFT : SATELLITE IMAGERY, GOOGLEGOOGLE MAPS MAPS TOP RIGHT IMAGERY, APPLE MAPS TOP RIGHT : STREET: STREET IMAGERY, APPLE MAPS LEFT: ABSTRACTION,

BY AASHNA AGRAWAL BOTTOMBOTTOM LEFT: ABSTRACTION,

BY AASHNA AGRAWAL ! !

NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD IN THIS SEQUENCE OF IMAGES IS STREET STREET NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD AS SEENAS INSEEN THIS SEQUENCE OF IMAGES IS AHMEDABAD CITY: NETWORK QUITE SIMPLE TOSTREET UNDERSTAND AND COMPREHEND. QUITE SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPREHEND. TOPITLEFT : SATELLITE IMAGERY, GOOGLE MAPS IT IS A OF SERIES OF CIRCULAR ROADS, HAVING OLD AT ITS CORE IS A SERIES CIRCULAR ROADS, HAVING THE OLDTHE CITY AT CITY ITS CORE TOPCONNECTED RIGHT CONNECTED : STREET IMAGERY, APPLE MAPSROADS.

BY SEVERAL RADIAL

BY SEVERAL RADIAL ROADS. BOTTOM LEFT: ABSTRACTION, BY AASHNA AGRAWAL !

STREET NETWORK OF AHMEDABAD AS SEEN IN THIS SEQUENCE OF IMAGES IS QUITE SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPREHEND. IT IS A SERIES OF CIRCULAR ROADS, HAVING THE OLD CITY AT ITS CORE CONNECTED BY SEVERAL RADIAL ROADS.

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Chair of Information Architecture

AHMEDABAD CITY: CITY: STREET NETWORK AHMEDABAD STREET NETWORK

TOP LEFT : TRAFFIC, LOW DENSITY TOP LEFT : TRAFFIC, LOW DENSITY TOP RIGHT : TRAFFIC, USUAL USUAL TOP RIGHT : TRAFFIC, BOTTOM LEFT: TRAFFIC, HIGH HIGH BOTTOM LEFT: TRAFFIC, ! !

TRAFFICTRAFFIC AS SEEN AHMEDABAD, IS USUALLY MUCH MORE ASINSEEN IN AHMEDABAD, IS USUALLY MUCHTHAN MORETHE THAN THE STANDARD ACCEPTABLE VALUESVALUES SET FORSET NEW DEVELOPING CITIES. SERVING STANDARD ACCEPTABLE FOR NEW DEVELOPING CITIES. SERVING MORE THAN MILLION PEOPLEPEOPLE EVERY DAY THESE ARE NOW BEING MORE6.5 THAN 6.5 MILLION EVERY DAY ROADS THESE ROADS ARE NOW BEING USED MUCH POTENTIAL CAPACITY. USEDMORE MUCHTHAN MORETHEIR THANFULL THEIR FULL POTENTIAL CAPACITY.

AHMEDABAD CITY MAP

REH HATCH IN CENTER SHOWING EXTENDS OF OLD FORTIFIED CITY RED LINE SHOWING BOUNDARY OF AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (AMC) AREA UNDER AHMEDABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (AUDA) BEING ALMOST 9 TIMES BIGGER

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AHMEDABAD CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION TOP LEFT : R = 1000M TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M BOTTOM LEFT: R = N

AHMEDABAD CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION

AHMEDABAD CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION

TOP LEFT : R = 1000M TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M BOTTOM LEFT: R = N

TOP LEFT : R = 1000M TOP RIGHT : R = 5000M BOTTOM LEFT: R = N

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

REMOVING T LARGER NET VEHICULAR T THIS WOULD VEHICLES AN ON THE OTH NETWORK O

AHMEDABAD CITY, WITHOUT FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, WITHOUT FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION SEGMENT INTEGRATION TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : R = 1000M

TOP LEFT TOP : R RIGHT = 1000M: R = 5000M TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : R = 5000M LEFT: R = N BOTTOM LEFT: ! R=N !

REMOVING THE STREETS OF THE OLD FORTIFIED CITY FROM THE WHOLE REMOVING THE STREETS OF THE FORTIFIED CITY FROM THEUNUSABLE WHOLE BY LARGER NETWORK OFOLD STREETS CONSIDERING THEM LARGER NETWORK OF STREETS CONSIDERING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DURING 9 AM TOTHEM 6 PM.UNUSABLE BY WOULD ALLOW THE CITY BE LESS NOISY AND LESS CROWDED BY VEHICULAR THIS TRAFFIC DURING 9 AM TOOLD 6 PM. ANDOLD MUCH MORE ACCESSIBLE ANDLESS ENJOYABLE. THIS WOULDVEHICLES ALLOW THE CITY BE LESS NOISY AND CROWDED BY ON MUCH THE OTHER THERE ISAND A HUGE IMPACT DIE TO IT IN THE LARGE VEHICLES AND MOREHAND, ACCESSIBLE ENJOYABLE. NETWORK STREET

BY IT. DIE TO IT IN THE LARGE ON THE OTHER HAND, OF THERE IS ACREATED HUGE IMPACT NETWORK OF STREET CREATED BY IT.

AHMEDA OPTIONS

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

DIFFERENT O WITHIN THE NETWORK H BECAUSE AS HAVING LAR VALUES OF T

AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY OPTIONS OPTIONSTOP LEFT : OPTION A

TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION RIGHT A : OPTION B TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION B OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

DIFFERENT OPTIONS TYRING TO RETAIN AS LESS STREETS AS POSSIBLE DIFFERENT OPTIONS TYRING TO RETAIN ASTHE LESS STREETS AS POSSIBLE WITHIN THE OLD CITY, SO THAT TRAFFIC SIMULATION IN THE ENTIRE WITHIN THE NETWORK OLD CITY, HAS SO THAT THE TRAFFIC SIMULATION IN THE ENTIRE THE MINIMUM IMPACT. BECAUSE AS OF NOW, STREETS BEING USED MUCH MORE THAN CAPACITY, NETWORK HAS THE MINIMUM IMPACT. HAVING LARGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE OLDER AND THE NEWER BECAUSE AS OF NOW, STREETS BEING USED MUCH MORE THAN CAPACITY, VALUES OF TRAFFIC WOULD CREATE A HAVOC. HAVING LARGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE OLDER AND THE NEWER VALUES OF TRAFFIC WOULD CREATE A HAVOC.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

CONSIDERIN NEGLIGIBLE PRESENT ST

AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A AHMEDABAD CITY: OPTION A

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, R = 1000M SEGMENT INTEGRATION, R = 1000M TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : OPTION A TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION RIGHT A : OPTION B TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION B OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, ALL THREE OPTIONS SHOWS CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, ALL OPTIONS NEGLIGIBLE DIFFERENCES, ALSO INTHREE COMPARISON TOSHOWS THE ORIGINAL NEGLIGIBLEPRESENT DIFFERENCES, STATE.ALSO IN COMPARISON TO THE ORIGINAL PRESENT STATE.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LE !

CONSIDERIN OPTION A, T MOVING TO EXISTING ON CENTRE STI

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, R = 5000M SEGMENT INTEGRATION, R = 5000M TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : OPTION A

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TOP LEFT TOP : OPTION RIGHT A : OPTION B TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION B OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

CONSIDERING GENERAL HOME TO WORK DISTANCE IN AHMEDABAD AS 500M. CONSIDERING GENERAL HOME TO WORK DISTANCE IN AHMEDABAD AS 500M. OPTION A, THE TRAFFIC IS ALL SPREAD AROUND THE OLD PART, WHEREAS OPTION A, THE TRAFFIC IS ALL SPREAD AROUND THE OLD PART,CENTRE WHEREAS MOVING TO OPTION B, IT STARTS TO CREATE A NEW CLOSE TO THE ONE BUT SLIGHTLY ON THE NORTH. OPTION C BRINGS THAT MOVING TO EXISTING OPTION B, IT STARTS TO CREATE A NEW CENTRE CLOSE TO THE

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Chair of Information Architecture

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LE !

CONSIDERI NEGLIGIBLE

AHMEDABAD AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED FOR FORTIFIED CITY CITY SEGMENT SEGMENT ANALYSIS, ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION, INTEGRATION, R=N R=N TOP LEFT TOP: OPTION LEFT A: OPTION A TOP RIGHTTOP: OPTION RIGHT B: OPTION B BOTTOM LEFT: BOTTOM OPTION LEFT: C OPTION C ! !

CONSIDERING CONSIDERING THE ENTIRE THE DISTANCE, ENTIRE DISTANCE, ALL THREEALL OPTIONS THREESHOWS OPTIONS SHOWS NEGLIGIBLE NEGLIGIBLE DIFFERENCES. DIFFERENCES.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

CONSIDERIN DIFFERENCE PRESENT ST

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = 1000M SEGMENT CHOICE, R = 1000M TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT SITUATION

TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION A OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, THERE IS NEGLIGIBLE CONSIDERING THE WALKABLE DISTANCE, THEREINISCOMPARISON NEGLIGIBLE TO THE ORIGINAL DIFFERENCES IN BOTH THE OPTIONS DIFFERENCES IN BOTH THE OPTIONS IN COMPARISON TO THE ORIGINAL PRESENT STATE. PRESENT STATE.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

HERE IN, TH COMPARISO NEXT TO THE

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = 5000M SEGMENT CHOICE, R = 5000M TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT SITUATION

TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION A OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

HERE IN, THE OPTION C HAS HIGHER VALUES OF CHOICE AT ITS CORE IN HERE IN, THE OPTION C HAS HIGHEROPTIONS VALUES MAKING OF CHOICE ITS CORE IN COMPARISON TO OTHER IT AAT CLOSER ASSUMPTION COMPARISON TO TO OTHER OPTIONS SITUATION. MAKING IT A CLOSER ASSUMPTION NEXT THE PRESENT NEXT TO THE PRESENT SITUATION.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

THE OVERAL DOWN OF PE

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CHOICE, R = N SEGMENT CHOICE, R=N TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT SITUATION

TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION A OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

THE OVERALL CHOICE SEEMS ALMOST UNAFFECTED, EXCEPT IN A DROP THE OVERALL CHOICE SEEMS ALMOST EXCEPT IN A DROP DOWN OF PEAK VALUES FORUNAFFECTED, THE HIGHLIGHTED STREETS. DOWN OF PEAK VALUES FOR THE HIGHLIGHTED STREETS.

AHMEDA SEGMEN

TOP LEFT TOP RIGHT BOTTOM LEF !

CONNECTIVI REMOTE CH

AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY AHMEDABAD CITY, OPTIONS FOR FORTIFIED CITY SEGMENT ANALYSIS, CONNECTIVITY SEGMENT CONNECTIVITY TOPANALYSIS, LEFT : PRESENT SITUATION

TOP LEFT TOP : PRESENT RIGHT SITUATION : OPTION A TOP RIGHT BOTTOM : OPTION A OPTION C LEFT: BOTTOM LEFT: ! OPTION C !

CONNECTIVITY BEING A LOCAL FUNCTION, IS NOT ALL AFFECTED BY CONNECTIVITY BEINGCHANGES. A LOCAL FUNCTION, IS NOT ALL AFFECTED BY REMOTE REMOTE CHANGES.

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AHMEDABAD CITY MAP

REPRESENTING INTERNAL NETWORK (ALL ROADS INCLUDING PEDESTRIAN) WITHIN THE OLD FORTIFIED CITY

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Chair of Information Architecture

AHMEDABAD CITY

SEGMENT LINE ANALYSIS: CHOICE OVERLAID ON PROPOSED STREET NETWORK TO KEEP AS PER OPTION C

AHMEDABAD CITY

SEGMENT LINE ANALYSIS: INTEGRATION OVERLAID ON PROPOSED STREET NETWORK TO KEEP AS PER OPTION C

DELHI GATE

RELIEF ROAD

NEHRU BRIDGE

SARANGPUR GATE GATE

AHMEDABAD CITY

CRITICAL JUNCTIONS DERIVED BY INTERSECTION OF PROPOSED OPTION C AND HEAVY TRAFFIC SHOWN BY THE VARIOUS ANALYSIS

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AHMEDABAD CITY

NEW VISIONS, SKETCH BY VIJAY MOPARTHI

HAVING NOW FOUND CERTAIN PLACES OF UTMOST NEED FOR REFORMATION, THEY COULD BE REDESIGNED TO INCORPORATE THE EXPECTED ANALYTICAL AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC.

“All models are false, but some are useful.” - George Box

Precise selection of models based on,!

Abstraction and Awareness

"Learning only makes us aware how less we know about the whole.”

LEARNINGS

Kasernenareal: Park oder City?

Student: Jing Xi

Name: Jingxi Zhang Date: 16 May 2014

In the city of Zürich, attention has been enthralled on Kasernenareal, a multipurpose square near the In the thecenter. city of Zürich, attention has Zürich Due to the high In city of Zürich, attention land values in Zürich, the been been enthralled on Kasernenareal, a has enthralled on public forum has scrutinized Kasernenareal, a multimulti-purpose square near the Zürich the purposesquare of this park-slashpurpose Kasernenareal center.

Due to thenear high the land values in Kanton-Police-head-quarter Zürich center. Due to the high Zürich,Multiple the public forum has scrutispace. land values inproposals Zürich, had the nized the purpose of this park-slashbeen andhas rejected to republicmade forum scrutinized purpose this ofspace.

The two Kanton-Police-head-quarter space. the purpose this park-slashKasernenareal categories of proposals are to Kanton-Police-head-quarter either letMultiple it remain a park, orhad to space. proposals Multiple proposals hadonbeen made build structure beenmore madeurban and rejected to reand rejectedof this to study re-purpose this Sihl river Hauptbahnhof it.

The purpose is purpose this space. The two space.

The two categories of proposto try and answer the question categories of proposals are to of the twoa let proposals alswhich are to either it or remain a park, either let of it remain park, to isbuild better; is it park or city?

The more urban structure on or to build more urban structure on Existing Kasernenareal park. scenario uses the existing Sihl river Hauptbahnhof park it. purpose of this studystudy is it. The The purpose of this is to try layout of the park,theassuming to try and answer question andthe answer the question that future of the of which of of which of the design two proposals the two proposals is better; park will have very or little added is better; is it park city?

The is it park footprint to The the uses site.

In contrast, or city? park scenario park scenario the existing uses the the city scenario is produced layout of layout the park, existing of assuming the park, assuming by a the visionary calls that future design ofoffor the that the futureand design the park will large invasion on the site. park will have very little added have very little added footprint to the footprint to the site. In contrast, site. study This evaluates the the city scenario is produced In contrast, the city scenario is proKasernenareal as part of by a visionary and calls for Zürich, then it evaluates duced by aonvisionary large invasion the site. and calls for the site onimmediate largelocal invasion the site. to This Kasernenareal. study evaluates The the evaluation on Kasernenareal Top: Existing Kasernenareal park. Bottom: Kasernenareal replaced by Kasernenareal as part of This study evaluates the between two proposals willKasernenacityscape.

Zürich, the then it evaluates real partsite of movements, Zürich, then it evalube on as pedestrian the local immediate visibility, environmental ates Kasernenareal. the local site The immediate to to impacts and connections of the whole city. evaluation on Kasernenareal Top: Existing Kasernenareal park. Bottom: Kasernenareal replaced by Kasernenareal replaced by cityscape. between the two proposals will cityscape.

Kasernenareal is not evaluated independently. A few blocks around Kasernenareal is included in the analysis. be on pedestrian movements, These are natural barriers around the site in question. The perimeter Kasernenareal is bordered Kasernenareal.

The evaluation on Kasernenareal between around the visibility, two proposals will environmentalbe on pedestrian by Lagerstrasse, which runs parallel to the Zürich Hauptbahnhof, then turns 90 degree towards South. impacts and connections of the whole city. movements, visibility, environmental impacts and connections of the whole city.

Badenerstrasse boarders the South and the Kreis 4 boundary line boarders the East and include the river Sihl into the study.

These boundaries are not chosen so randomly.

Langstrasse is is anincluded important street in the Kasernenareal is not evaluated independently.

A few blocks around Kasernenareal in the analysis.

Kasernenareal is not evaluated independently.

A few blocks around Kasernenareal is included in the city of Zürich.

These are natural barriers around the site in question. The perimeter around Kasernenareal is bordered These are runs natural barriers around site in question.

The 90 perimeter around South.

Kasernenareal is by analysis.

Lagerstrasse, which parallel to the Zürich the Hauptbahnhof, then turns degree towards bordered by Lagerstrasse, which runs parallel to the Zürich Hauptbahnhof, then turns 90 degree toBadenerstrasse boarders the South and the Kreis 4 boundary line boarders the East and include the river Sihlwards into the study. These boundaries are not chosen randomly.

Langstrasse is an important street in the South.

Badenerstrasse boarders the so South and the Kreis 4 boundary line boarders the East and cityinclude of Zürich. the river Sihl into the study. These boundaries are not chosen so randomly. Langstrasse is an

important street in the city of Zürich.

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City

Above: park pl bounda

Above park p bound

City plans

Above: Park plan, within its local boundary.

Park plan,inwithin its local boundary.

The TheAbove: park plan used this study assumes no fences or park plan used in this study assumes no fences or boundaries around Kasernenareal. boundaries around Kasernenareal.

Above: City plan. This city plan is a replica, as proAbove: This city plan is a replica, pro- on posed byCity theplan. visionary’s perspective model as shown posed by thepage. visionary’s perspective model shown the previous on page 1.

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Zürich Axialconnections connections Zürich Axial Zürich Axial connections

Kasernenareal is a part of a whole city. The analysis began with a study of the movements of the movement

Kasernenareal is a part of awhole whole city.

The analysis began a study of the movements of the is a part a whole The analysis began withwith a study of thePark movements of the movement ofKasernenareal people throughout the of city.city.

An axial map was conducted, comparing or City design over the of people throughout city.whole An mapAn was conducted, comparing Parkanalysis or comparing City maps designofover theor City movement people the map conducted, Park site.

Itof was evidentthroughout thatthe thewhole new paths thataxial arecity. added toaxial the site did was not change the Zürich site.

It wasand evident that the new to paths that are added to the site did not change the analysis maps of Zürich as a whole, that the changes the paths affect the movement of people more locally.

In the connectivity design over the site. It was evident that the new paths that are added to the site did not change the as a whole, and to thethe paths affect the movement of people more In the connectivity maps below, one that canthe seechanges adding additional footpaths does mean thatlocally. thethe roads around were analysis maps of Zürich as athat whole, andthethat the changes to thenot paths affect movement of people maps below, one can see that adding additional footpaths does not mean that the roads around were more linked to others. The analysis shifted to a smaller scale from this point. more locally.

In the mapsshifted below, canscale seefrom thatthis adding more linked to connectivity others. The analysis to aone smaller point. the additional footpaths does not mean that the roads around were more linked to others. The analysis shifted to a smaller scale from this point.

1km 1km 1km 1km

1km 1km

Top: Zürich axial map _ park, connectivity.

Top: Zürich Area axial connectivity map _ park, map, connectivity.

Bottom: zoom.

Bottom: Area connectivity map, zoom.

Top: Zürich axial map _ city, connectivity. Bottom: Top: Zürich axial map _ city, connectivity.

Area connectivity map, Bottom: zoom.

Area connectivity map, zoom.

Top: Zürich axial map _ park, connectivity.

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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

Top: Zürich axial map _ city, connectivity.

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Iso Iso

The Th othe oth leas lea mas ma the the spa spa mak isma on toistho to dep de

Zürich Axial connections

The visibility map below displays the extent to which any point in the spatial network is visible from any other point. The red spots show the most visible of the overall site considered, where the dark blues are the least visible. Four separate points were selected to further understand the changes in Isovist study Isovist view between the two study master plans. They show that the view site around the city become more scathe nt movement The visibility The map visibility below map displays below thedisplays extent to thewhich extentany to point whichinany thepoint spatial in the network spatial is network visible from is visible any from any sharp due toredthe of the buildings, the park larger view ranges. he sign overtered the and other more point.other The red point. spots Theshow spots theedges most show visible the most of the visible overall of site thewhere overall considered, site considered, wherehas the dark where blues the are darkthe blues are This the offers privacy to the people using the space, instead of having an open field.

The greenery city ch aps of Zürich least visible.least Fourvisible. separate Four points separate werepoints selected were to selected further understand to further understand the changesthe in changes view between in view thebetween two in the the two etyconnectivity master plans. master They plans. show They that the show view that site the around view site the around city become the city more become scattered more and scattered more sharp and more due to sharp due to master plan also reduces the view ranges and makes the views more scattered. The park plan is easre around were the edges ofthe theedges buildings, of thewhere buildings, the park where hasthe larger parkview has larger ranges. view Thisranges. offers privacy This offers to the privacy people to using the people the using the ier to navigate through than the city plan.

This analysis isinonly a two dimensional study of the space, space, instead space, of having instead anofopen having field. anThe opengreenery field. The in greenery the city master the city planmaster also reduces plan also thereduces view ranges the view and ranges and however, assuming that the towers are quite tall in comparison to the surrounding, it would a role makes the views makesmore the views scattered. moreThe scattered. park plan Theispark easier plan to is navigate easier to through navigate than through the citythan plan. the This cityanalysis plan. Thisplay analysis is only a two is dimensional only a two dimensional study of the study space, of however, the space, assuming however, that assuming the towers that are the quite towers tall are in quite comparison tall in comparison in what people see above eye level. The park plan reduces people’s depth of view. to the surrounding, to the surrounding, it would play it would a role in play what a role people in what see people above eye see level. aboveThe eyepark level.plan Thereduces park plan people’s reduces people’s depth of view. depth of view.

1km

1km

onnectivity.

Bottom: Bottom: p, ectivity zoom.map, zoom.

Top: Local visibility Top: Local map visibility of park. map of park.

Bottom: Selected Bottom: points Selected of interest. points of interest.

Top: Local visibility Top: Local map visibility of city.map of city.

Bottom: Selected Bottom: points Selected of interest. points of interest.

Top: Local visibility map of park.

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Solar studies Park solar studies. Viewing from South.

4pm

12pm

9am

4pm

12pm

8am

Park solar studies. Viewing from North.

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Chair of Information Architecture

City solar studies. Viewing from South.

Winter Solstice

Summer Solstice

City solar studies. Viewing from North.

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Summer During the summer solstice, there are long days. The sun is already very high at 8am, and the site receive a lot of radiation, especially on the East and North-East facing faรงades. The park master plan is very exposed due to the lack of shading, which could make it less inhabitable during the summer months. However, Swiss people likes sun and the park is supposed to be open. With these assumption, this space does not need further shading, unless for special events.

The city plan shows some shading from the buildings itself. The sky-facing surfaces of the buildings, as well as the ground that is exposed in both park and city plans have high exposure to the sun. In the city plan, the ground level is more shaded than the park plan, which is good for occupancy for the hotter months.

Design considerations for summer If the park plan is to go ahead, the designers need to think about shading (and sometimes also for rain) for the summer time to make it more inhabitable. In the park plan, at 4pm, the West facing faรงades receive high radiation, thus, shading is required in the summer.

Winter The sun rises very late during winter. At 9am, the tall buildings in the city plan casts a lot of shadow in the surrounding, which is not desirable, given that solar radiation helps to heat buildings passively.

Also, the shadows of the building masses also cast on themselves. The building will be requiring a lot of active heating during winter due to the lack of sun. However, The roofs receive the most solar radiation during the winter months under the city plans, one can harvest some solar energy from the roofs.

The park plan is open, with a few structures that fits into the surrounding suburb. Studying the shadows, one can see that the park plan has quite low impact on the surrounding compared to the taller buildings in the city plan.

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Chair of Information Architecture

Axial Map The Integration graphs below shows the least isolated paths that pedestrians tend to take. In the park Axial map Integration graph, one can see that the paths indicated A on the map is the least isolated and serves an important pathway for pedestrian travel. Similarly, this path is not isolated either in the city integraIntegration graphs below shows the least isolated paths that pedestrians tend to take. In the park tionThe map.

We can also see that there is a lot of movement on the roads around Kasernenareal. The Integration graph, one can see that the paths indicated A on the map is the least isolated and serves an difference between and city integration areisthat the park axial map, main traffic important pathwaythe for park pedestrian travel.

Similarly,maps this path not in isolated either in the citythe integration map. is directed through a few very clearly identified lines.

However, in the vAxial map of the city, thebetween red We can also see that there is a lot of movement on the roads around Kasernenareal. The difference parktoand city integration maps are in the parkwhich axial map, the main traffic is directed through a few linesthe start disperse and go away fromthat each other, indicates more weaving between strucvery clearly identified lines.

However, in the vAxial map of the city, the red lines start to disperse and go away tures instead of being streamlined to walk on the pavements. The city map shows better use of the from each other, which indicates more weaving between structures instead of being streamlined to walk on space and more pedestrian traffic control. the pavements. The city map shows better use of the space and more pedestrian traffic control.

Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ park,

Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ park, Integration.

Integration.

Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ city, Integration.

Top: Local Axial/Segment map _ city, Integration.

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In the attempt to answer the question of whether Kasernenareal should be a park or city, the construct of city connections, views, solar impact and pedestrian movements were studied.

Theapark is not In the attempt to answer the question of whether Kasernenareal should be parkplan or city, thevery con-much different to the current situation, but the city plan proposes a different configuration to the space, which has struct of city connections, views, solar impact and pedestrian movements were studied. yield different results in the constructs that are identified.

The park plan is not very much different to the current situation, but the city plan proposes a different

configuration to the space, which has yield different results in the constructs that are identified.

From the evidence, one can conclude that the city master play for the site does not impact much on the traffic From the evidence, one can conclude that the city master play for the site does not impact much on flows on the rest of Zürich, since it is a relatively small intervention within Zürich. The impact on Zürich is much the traffic flows on the rest of Zürich, since it is a relatively small intervention within Zürich. The impact more local. Within the pre-defined scope of the project, we were able to understand that how pedestrians on Zürich is much view the space and more feel inlocal. the space will change significantly from the park to the city. The park proposal is Within the pre-defined scope of the project, were able toopen understand that how view it much less invasive on the surrounding suburb.we It shows more views around the pedestrians site, which makes the space feel in the space will master changeplan, significantly parkand to obstructive. the city. TheSince park the proposal much easierand to navigate than the city which is from more the closed buildings is much less in invasive the surrounding suburb.

It shows openviews views thebut site, which are is so high the cityon master plan proposal, it not only blocksmore people’s uparound to the sky, also casts a significant amount of shadows to thethan surrounding.

This could problematic theand winter months when makes it much easier to navigate the city master plan,bewhich is moreduring closed obstructive. sun is scarce in Switzerland, heating The size the buildings is also aviews problem Since the buildings are is soand highit could in the increase city master plan costs. proposal, it notofonly blocks people’s up in the casts city master plan proposes to of build much more surfaces to cool during the hotter summer tosummer, the sky, since but also a significant amount shadows to the surrounding.

This could be problemmonths.

Thethe citywinter plan navigation also sun changes the way that people move the space.

Theheating city plancosts. shows atic during months when is scarce in Switzerland, and itincould increase that pedestrians deviate from their usual paths on the pavements next to the streets, and increases The size of the buildings is also a problem in summer, since the city master plan proposes to buildtraffic flows between the proposed buildings.

much more surfaces to cool during the hotter summer months. The city plan navigation also changes the way that people move in the space. The city plan shows that pedestrians deviate from their usual The city plan is the less optimal option compared to the park. However, there could be a mixture of park and paths pavements next toforthe and increases between Ithe proposed build- to city andontothe reprogram this space notstreets, only a park, or not onlytraffic a city, flows but mixed-use. would also suggest ings. planners to really think about the following points when designing: future • • • • •

Keeping a sustainable footprint of the buildings Making the site easy to walk and navigate around Keeping the buildings at the level of the surrounding buildings as not to disturb the heating and cooling of the surrounding buildings Think about capturing the solar resource on the open grounds The program should be social and encourage circulation to the site

“Park and City”New answers the question oder City?”

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Chair of Information Architecture

The city plan is the less optimal option compared to the park. However, there could be a mixture of park and city and to reprogram this space for not only a park, or not only a city, but mixed-use. I would also suggest to future planners to really think about the following points when designing: • Keeping a sustainable footprint of the buildings • Making the site easy to walk and navigate around • Keeping the buildings at the level of the surrounding buildings as not to disturb the heating and cooling of the surrounding buildings • Think about capturing the solar resource on the open grounds • The program should be social and encourage circulation to the site “Park and City” answers the question “Park oder City?”

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Knoxville Tennessee Student: Lewis Williams

Knoxville Tennessee New Methods In Urban Analysis and Simulation FS 2014

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Chair of Information Architecture

Market Square Market Square Centre point of the downtown area

Centre point of the downtown area Lies on main city axis Lies on main city axis Pedestrian only Pedestrianspace only consisting of Mixed-use restaurants and retail on ground Mixed-use space consisting of level and apartments and offices and retail on ground onrestaurants upper floors level and apartments andevents offices Primary location of city on festivals upper floors and Emphasis on local shops and restaurants.

No franchise stores Primary location of city events creates a more unique location and festivals Farmers Markets

Emphasis on local shops and restaurants. No franchise stores creates a more unique location

Concerts

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Market Street Centre point of the downtown area Lies on main city axis Vehicle and Pedestrian

Market Square No shops on ground level and

buildings only on one side of

Centre street point of the downtown area Lies on utilized main city axis traffic Rarely / minimal Pedestrian only Mixed-use consisting of Landscape space of existing park is not restaurants and retail on ground accessible. People walk through level and apartments and offices park to get from one place to anon upper floors other butlocation almost never Primary of cityremain. events and festivals Emphasis on local shops and restaurants. No franchise stores creates a more unique location Krutch Park

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Market Street

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Chair of Information Architecture

Visibility Analysis of Downtown Knoxville

Axial Analysis of Downtown Knoxville

Visibility Analysis of Market Area

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

Axial Analysis of Market Area

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Visibility Analysis of Market Area

Visibility Analysis of Proposal

Axial Analysis of Market Area

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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

Axial Analysis of Proposal

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Chair of Information Architecture

Analysis of Potential Market Scenarios

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Design with the invisible Student: Li Li

e

Design with the invisible 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper Motivation

name: Date:

li li 15/05/2014

Sight analysis is very popular in the early stage of the architecture design. It can be used to determine what can be seen fromMotivation: a particular location in the landscape. Conversely, also what can’t be seen.

Usually, such kind of analysis will be done on the building section or plan. Most of the time, the analysight analysis is very popular in the early stage sis on 2D drawing is enough for architects to get certain understanding of the environment. of the architecture design. it can be used to However, in some extreme condition, such as crowded urban environment, a precise 3D sight analydetermine what can be seen from a particular sis is needed to help the architects to deal with the extreme requirements. location in the landscape. Conversely, also what can’t be seen. Usually, such kind of analysis will be done on the building section or plan. Most of the time, the analysis on 2D drawing is enough for architects to get certain understanding of the environment. however, in some extreme condition, such as crowded urban environment, a precise 3D sight analysis is needed to help the architects to deal with the extreme requirements.

e

sight an

background: in this case, a new commercialsight building analysiswill on section be built in front of a famous ancient Chinese garden. the developers want the maxim building volume to meet the costs in buying this piece of land. while the government In this case, a new commercial building bebuilding built inasfront of a want the height of thewill new low as famous ancient Chinese garden.

The developers maxim possible, without disturbing thewant sightthe inside building volume to meet the costs in buying this piece of land. the garden. Five critical viewpoints are given, While the government where want the thenew height of the newbebuilding building should invisible. as to low as possible, without disturbing the sight inside research a balance between the two sides, the garden. Five criticalthe viewpoints are given, where the new buildlimit of the volume should be calculated. sight analysis on site plan

Background

sight analysis on site plan sight analysis on section ing should be invisible. To research a balance between the two sides, the limit of the volume should be calculated.

site plan

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bird's-e

bird's-eye view

bird's-eye view

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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation

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Chair of Information Architecture

Algorithm

h the invisible The Shadow Volume algorithm was originally developed to calculate the shadows in 3d virtual en-

oolkit for grasshopper vironment.

The objects inside the shadow volume are invisible from the point of the light source. It

is not difficult to adapt this algorithm to the sight analysis. The algorithm first find the outline of the objects according to the light source, then project the outline on to a plan behind the object. With the outline and projected line, a volume can be formed.

iginally

in 3d de the

oint of pt this

orithm ording

line on outline

med.

h the invisible

oolkit for grasshopper shadow volume

Algorithm

thm, a

loped. ginally nerate in 3d uilding de the , multi oint of create pt this mes of eorithm area ording s. the on eineuser outline agging med. .

ation

Implementation

|

Based on the Shadow Volume algorithm, a component for Grasshopper is developed. With this component User can easily generate the shadow volume right behind the building or in distance, volume of one point, multi points or multi points along a path, and create the intersection of the shadow volumes different viewpoints which means the area where isvolumes invisible to all viewpoints. The calculation solution inof grasshopper intersections of invisible is done in runtime. So the user can easily compare the results by dragging and placing the objects 3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper shadowviewpoints. volume Algorithm and

hm, a oped. nerate uilding multi create mes of e area . the e user agging

ation

solution in grasshopper

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intersections of invisible volumes

3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper

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the invisible

the invisible area of all the five viewpoints, the maxim volume of the new building, can be created.

t for grasshopper

Application: With this tool, The invisible 3d volume of each viewpoint can be generated automatically. By calculating the intersection of these volume, the invisible area of all the five viewpoints, the maxim volume of the new building, can be created.

invisible volume of five viewpionts

new Methods in Urban Analysis and simulation

f five viewpionts

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boo

3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper

boolean intersection of viewpionts

3D sight Analysis toolkit for grasshopper

boolean intersection of viewpionts

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Chair of Information Architecture

Conclusion According to the storeyheight, the estimation of building area, floor area ratio and the arrangement of building functions can be calculated. Developers can estimate their profits based on these data.

Comparing with 2D sight analysis, the 3D approach, can provide more precise and intuitive results.

By Integrating this algorithm into Rhino and Grasshopper, which are getting more and more popular among designers, the tool can be easily accessed without additional learning curve and the results are provide in real time when condition is changed.

Future Work For now, this tool can generate the invisible area, but it is also possible to assign different levels for different invisible areas. So designer can have more choices in decision making.

The intersection of the invisible volumes needs heavy computational power that slows down the calculation speed. So more efficient algorithm should be developed.

invisible

grasshopper

Model based on the volume

nalysis toolkit for grasshopper

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Extension of Ghandi Ashram Student: Rini Singhvi

um

an

Extension of Gandhi Ashram Interior view of museum Aim / Project Brief: Sabarmati

The Gandhi Ashram is a museum in the RIver city of Ahm designed by the architect Charles Correa. The existing shaped columns which forms different exhibit spaces a Hence the aim of the project is to use the same grid an campus to make a space for additional room for books

Interior view of museum

Ground Floor plan As the brief demanded, the simple rule for building a ne existing 3 blocks and adding 6 new blocks to the grid.

But this kind of extension was to be made such that the spaces remains similar to the existing campus.

Hence here the analysis run ( isovist and axial maps) b working out various options for this kind of extension an one to the existing.

Sabarmati TheThe Gandhi Gandhi Ashram Ashram is a is museum a museum in the in the city city of Ahmedabad, of Ahmedabad, India India RIver designed designed by the by the architect architect Charles Charles Correa.

Correa.

TheThe existing existing planplan is a is grid a grid of Hof HDue to the existing physical conditions on site, like exis shaped shaped columns columns which which forms forms different different exhibit exhibit spaces spaces andand courts. courts. boundary, the possible available space for extension w Hence Hence the the aim aim of the of the project project is toisuse to use the the same same gridgrid andand extend extend the the existing existing upper right corner in the plan and hence two options as campus campus to make to make a space a space for additional for additional room room for bookshop for bookshop andand cd-shop. cd-shop. derived for further analysis Existing plan Layout Ground Floor plan As the As the briefbrief demanded, demanded, the the simple simple rulerule for building for building a new a new space space is using is using existing existing 3 blocks 3 blocks and and adding adding 6 new 6 new blocks blocks to the to the grid. grid.

Aim - Project Brief But But this this kindkind of extension of extension waswas to be tomade be made suchsuch thatthat the the over-all over-all integration integration of of spaces spaces remains similar the toofthe existing existing campus. campus.

The Gandhi Ashram is aremains museum in similar theto city Ahmedabad, India designed by the architect Charles Correa. The existing plan is a grid of Hshaped columns which forms different exhibit spaces and Hence Hence here here the the analysis analysis ( the isovist (same isovist and and axial axial maps) maps) become veryvery useful useful into in courts. Hence the aim of the project is torun userun grid and extend thebecome existing campus make working working out out various various options options for this for this kind kind of extension of extension and and selecting selecting the the closest closest a space for additional room for bookshop and cd-shop. As the brief demanded, the simple rule for oneone to isthe to the existing. existing.3 blocks and adding 6 new blocks to the grid.

Sabarmati Sabarmati building a new space using existing RIver RIver But this kind of extension was to be made such that the over-all integration of spaces remains similar DueDue to the to the existing existing conditions conditions on site, on site, like like existence existence of river of river andand site sitein to the existing campus.

Hence herephysical thephysical analysis run ( isovist and axial maps) become very useful boundary, boundary, theforthe possible possible space space forselecting extension for extension was derived derived toin be the in the working out various options this kindavailable of available extension and thewas closest one to to be the existing. upper upper right right corner corner in the in the plan plan and and hence hence two two options options as shown as shown below below were were Due to the existing physical conditions on site, like existence of river and site boundary, the possible for further forwas further analysis analysis available spacederived for derived extension derived to be in the upper right corner in the plan and hence two Existing plan Layout options as shown below were derived for further analysis Option 1

New methods in Urban Simulation I FS-2014 I Final Project Rini Singhvi AimAim / Project / Project Brief: Brief:

Layout out

Option Option 2 2

Option 1 1 Option

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Chair of Information Architecture

Existing

Option 1

Iso

Option 2

Resu

As sh left, The 3 as Co Occlu the re regard

Compactness map

For co option most simila While the ex

For Ar again centra maxim retain

Area map

For oc option to the

Hence kinds taken and m neces

Occlusivity map

Isovist analysis Result of isovist Analysis: As shown in the graphs on the left, The 3 graphs run respectively as Compactness , Area and Occlusivity helped to compare the results of both the options in regard to the existing plan. For compactness, the second option has two spaces that are most compact which is not similar to the existing plan map. While option 1 is more similar to the existing one. For Area map, option 1 was again a better choice as the central space having the maximum area value as still retained as the original map.

For occlusivity map, again the option 1 shows similar character to the exisitng map. Hence after comparing all three kinds of map, Option 1 was taken further for axial analysis and making further changes if necessary.

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Further An Further A Note, in the Note, in th the integrat created,(on the integr created,(o that the inte similar to int th that the central spac similar to t central spa Hence we fu Hence we configuratio integration configuratio integration Looking at o the integrati Looking at extended as the integra extended we see newa lower right we see ner right oflower this spac of this spa

Axial Graph analysis AxialAxial Graph analysis Graph analysis

Exisitng Plan: Exisitng Plan: Exisitng Plan: The above integration map shows that The above integration map shows that the The above integration map shows that the central area with the pool court and central area with the pool court and the enthe areawith are the most integrated theentrance central area pool court and trance area arequality the most integrated spaces. the entrance area are the most spaces.

This needed to beintegrated This quality needed to be retained. retained. spaces. This quality needed to be retained.

Option 2:

Option 2 Option 2

Extension Plan (option 1): Extension Plan (option Extension Plan (Option 1): 1): On running integration analysis map on On integration analysis map on on the Onrunning running integration analysis the option 1 shortlisted earlier, wemap get to option 1 shortlisted earlier, we get to know know that the central poolearlier, and entrance the option 1 shortlisted we get to that the central pool and entrance continue know that thethe central and entrance continue to be mostpool integrated to be theasmost integrated spaces as in the Hence, furth spaces in be the existing continue to the most plan. integrated existing plan. were made Hence, fur spaces as in the existing plan. were made the opening extended sp the openin extended s

Option 3:

Here in Opt Here in de Op we were First, the ce we were d are most First, theintc are most th in Secondly, extension o Secondly, extension similar inter ofsimilar the room inte space. of the room space.

Option 3 Option 3

Further Analyzing option 1 and option 2 Note, in the option 1, the integration in the new room thus created,(on the top right corner), we realize that the integration in this room is not similar to that of others attached to the central space.

Hence we further make changes in the configuration of the blocks to match the integration of this room with those of others. Looking at option 2, we manage to achieve the integration of the internal room thus extended as desired, but again notice that we see new additional orange lines in the lower right room indicating more integration of this space which is what we don’t desire.

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Hence, further on, to correct this, Changes were made in the option 2, as in changing the opening and entrance of the new extended space, to get option 3. Here in Option 3, we have achieved what we were desiring: First, the central pool and entrance lobby are most integrated as in the existing lan, Secondly, the new room thus created due to extension of the exisiting museum, has similar internal integration values as the rest of the rooms attached by the main central space.

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A Refuge on Stromboli Island Student: Stanislas Chaillou

“A refuge on Stromboli Island�

Final Examination Name: Stanislas Chaillou Date: 15.05.2014 This study is related to my studio project. I had to design an hotel on the Stromboli Island. As an answer, I realised a refuge at the top of the volcano. Because of the height (500 m) the building suffers of a to high sunlight exposure. Furthermore, as this rough context implies difficult building conditions, the building has to be rational, compact, but still has to allow for dissociated atmospheres (public spaces, rooms, restaurant etc...).

In a nutshell, this project raises two challenges: Finding a convenient threshold between private and public spaces This study is related to my studio project. I had to design a hotel on the Stromboli Island. As an anNew Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island Being able to top precisely solutions to dealof with sunlight swer, I realised a refuge at the of theset volcano.

Because thethe height (500exposure m) the building suers of a to high sunlight exposure. Furthermore, as this rough context implies dicult building conditions, the building has to be rational, compact, but still has to allow for dissociated atmospheres (public spaces, rooms, restaurant etc...).

In a nutshell, this project raises two challenges: Finding a convenient threshold between private and public spaces Being able to precisely set solutions to deal with the sunlight exposure

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island

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1/6

to be

to be

1/1/Dening Public/Private Definingthe thethreshold threshold Public/Private Defining theboundary thresholdbetween Public/Private To1/set an ecient the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By analysing analysing the section of the building with the “vision layer”, I was able to analyse the degree of To set an efficient boundary between the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By the section of the buildingbywith the “vision I was intimimacy generated my design steps.layer”, Here are the 4able steps.to analyse the degree of intimimacy genanalysing section of the building with4the “vision layer”, I was able to analyse the degree of erated by my the design steps.

Here are the steps.

To set an efficient boundary between the rooms and the central patio, I used Depthmap. By

intimimacy generated by my design steps. Here are the 4 steps.

ROOM

CENTRAL PATIO

ROOM

ROOM

CENTRAL PATIO

ROOM

In the last step, the red area is nearly out of the room, meaning that the rooms are protected from the pubIn the step, redpicture area isbelow nearlyconfirms out of the meaning that the rooms are protected from the publics licslast sight.

Thethe room theroom, analysis.

In the last step, the red area is nearly out of the room, meaning that the rooms are protected from the pubsight. The room picture below conrms the analysis. lics sight. The room picture below confirms the analysis.

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2/ Light exposure A/ The Thepatio patiocondition is a crucial point of the porject: each room has a window on it, and the circulation runs around it. By dening a clear limit to the we point can provide for: each room has a window 2/ Light exposure The patio is aroof crucial of the porject: A/ Theonpatio condition it, and the circulation runs around it. By defining a clear limit to - a roof shaded circulation the we can provide for: rooms windows --aprotected shaded circulation The patio is a crucial point of the porject: each room has a window dierent kinds light conditions in the patio --protected roomsofwindows on it, and the circulation runs around it. By defining a clear limit to - different kinds of light conditions in the patio the roof we can provide for: - a shaded circulation - protected rooms windows - different kinds of light conditions in the patio

Daily shadow study on a 21st of June

Daily shadow study on a 21st of June

Daily shadow study on a 21st of December New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island

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After modication of the roof limit, we obtain dierent conditions of light around the limit, pool, and a After modification of the roof wethe obtain sucients shading to protect rooms and the circulation. different conditions of light around pool, and a The picture below conrms our the analysis. sufficients shading to protect the rooms and the circulation.

The picture below confirms our analysis.

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Moreover, the facade is the rst surface to be heated all year long by the sun. It’s here a necessity to a proper system to by allow shading.

2/ Light exposure Moreover, thedesign facade is the first surface to be heated all year long the sun. for It’s here a necessity to design a proper A/ The facade condition system to allow for shading.

Based on the data onBased the sunpath given by the Geco component, I designed a system of automatic on the data on the sunpath given by the Geco component, I designed a system of automatic sunblinds. They insure a sufficient protection, and adapt their opening to everydays light. sunblinds. They insure a sucient protection, and adapt their opening to everydays light.

8H00

18H00 4/6

New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island

The picture below conrms our analysis: the wall of the room gets shaded, and the sunblinds prevent The picture below confirms our analysis: the wall of the room gets shaded, and the sunblinds prevent the light from going too deep the light from going deep into the room. into too the room.

Light condition in a room a 21st of December at 17H00

Detail of the facade 5/6

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CONCLUSION I managed here to solve issues at different scales (views, light, shading etc...) thanks to Geco and Depthmap.

I appreciated how Geco helps setting with precision dimensions, and giving relevance to my planing. On the downside, the analysis could be pushed futher. I would have liked being able to embed the energy concern. The sunblinds could then open and close not only to provide shading but also to regulate and master the heat that the building receives and stores during the day.

Also depthmap has been a great tool, and the fact of using it to analyse a section has been a revealing experience. On the other hand, the section analysis reduces the number of relevant layers: for instance the layer “integration” makes less sense than in a plan analysis. Can’t we also push depthmap to the axonometry analysis? It could be a way to start dealing with the 3 dimensions at the same time, without running to heavy calculus...

e

Conclusion

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New Methods in Urban Analysis and Simulation | A refuge on Stromboli Island

I managed here to solve issues at dierent scales (views, light, shading etc...) thanks to Geco and Depthmap. I appreciated how Geco helps setting with precision dimensions, and giving relevance to my planing. On the downside, the analysis could be pushed futher. I would have liked being able to embed the energy concern. The sunblinds could then open and close not only to provide shading but also to regulate and master the heat that the building receives and stores during the day. Also depthmap has been a great tool, and the fact of using it to analyse a section has been a revealing experience. On the other hand, the section analysis reduces the number of relevant layers: for instance the layer “integration” makes less sense than in a plan analysis. Can’t we also push depthmap to the axonometry analysis? It could be a way to start dealing with the 3 dimensions at the same time, without running to heavy calculus...

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Chair of Information Architecture