Documentation of the teaching results from the fall semester 2014
Digital Urban Simulation Reinhard Kรถnig, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
(Shadows analyse):
iA
Chair of Information Architecture
Chair of Information Architecture
Digital Urban Simulation Documentation of teaching results Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt
iA
Chair of Information Architecture
Teaching Reinhard König, Estefania Tapias, and Gerhard Schmitt Syllabi http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/category/teaching/archive/hs2014-new-methods-in-urban-analysis-and-simulation/ Seminar Digital Urban Simulation Students Masayuki Hattori, Paul Neitzel, Andrea Gonzales Palos, Benjamin Gurtner, Bettina Dobler, Emma Paola Flores Herrera, Irene Urso, Marc Lallemand, Thijs van der Lely, Zlatina Paneva Published by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) Department of Architecture Chair of Information Architecture Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT H 31.6 8093 Zurich Switzerland Zurich, May 2015 Layout Gava Alessandra Contact reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch | http://www.ia.arch.ethz.ch/koenig/ Cover picture Front side: Benjamin Gurtner, Shadow Analyse, Winter solstice for Ciminiano, Milan Back side: Zlatina Paneva, Axial map analysis, Integration, for Zürich Nord
Course Description and Program
Information Architecture
Mondays 14:00 – 18:00 063-1357-14 G | 4 ECTS*
Digital Urban Simulation
22.09.2014
A solid knowledge of computational methods is an increasingly important key competence for future architects or urban planners. In this course you will learn how to analyze and generate spatial configurations with advanced computational methods.
29.09.2014
In a series of theory lectures we explore how designing and planning of cities could become evidence based by using scientific methods. Various exercises will provide training for your skills in working with state-of-the-art yet office proven design tools (Depthmap, Ecotect, and Rhino/Grasshopper). In an integral project work, you will deepen your knowledge in spatial analysis and simulation methods such as Space Syntax using Depthmap software and environmental analysis with the program Ecotect. In addition you will acquire skills for using analysis methods for generative design processes. Therefore we introduce you into the parametric design software Grasshopper for Rhino 3D. Based on the methods introduced during the semester, you will learn and understand different effects of planning and design interventions on urban life. At the end of the course you will be able to interpret analysis and simulation results, and to apply correspondent computational methods for your own planning projects.
Supervision: Dr. Reinhard König Estefania Tapias
E1 - Rhino/Grasshopper tutorial
Generative systems workshop E2 - Generative techniques
06.10.2014
Space syntax I E3 - Convex Map, Axial Map of a small area
13.10.2014
Space syntax II
E4 - Depthmap & GIS: Prepare Data -> Import Data –> Analysis methods 20.10.2014
Seminar week (no lecture)
27.10.2014
Space syntax III E5 - Rhino/Grasshopper
03.11.2014
10.11.2014
Empirical studies
E6 - Collect data (evaluate existing materials)
Microclimate analysis I E7 - Ecotect Tutorial I. Analysis of a small urban area.
17.11.2014
Microclimate analysis II E8 - Rhino/Grasshopper
24.11.2014
Where: Lecture, HIT F22 - Value Lab Exercise, HIT H12 When: Mondays 14:00 to 18:00
Introduction to the course
Best practice examples - Guest lecture Final consultation
01.12.2014
reinhard.koenig@arch.ethz.ch tapias@arch.ethz.ch
Final iA critique Combined critique with the other iA courses
* Total 120 h = 4 ECTS Exercises 25% (documentations) Presentation 25% (project at the end) Written documentation 50% (project) The most recent outline will be found on www.ia.arch.ethz.ch
Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schmitt Chair of Information Architecture
Content Analysis of My Neighborhood
p.9
Student: Masayuki Hattori
Optimization of window dimensions to solar gains
p.21
Student: Paul Neitzel
Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
p.29
Student: Andrea Gonzales Palos
Urban Planning in Milan/Cimiano
p.39
Student: Benjamin Gurtner
Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel
p.45
Student: Bettina Dobler
BT Section Khayelitsha- Urban Relations Student: Emma Paola Flores Herrera
p.53
Commerce and industry of Zurich – An analysis of its transport connection and centrality
p.59
Student: Irene Urso
Applying the Solar Envelope Concept to the Reorganization and Massing of the Hunziker Areal with Grasshopper-Geco and Ecotect
p.71
Student: Marc Lallemand
BT Section
p.81
Student: Thijs van der Lely
New City District - ZĂźrich Nord Student: Zlatina Paneva
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Analysis of My Neighborhood Student: Masayuki Hattori
1. Summary: I analysed a current site where some people feel inconvenient, and clarified problems of the current site which are the followings: paths are complicated, there are some dead end roads; due to complicated paths, some children may have trouble going to school. In order to solve this problem, it is requiered to have higher Intellegibility, low step depth, less shadow on the roads and high solar radiation on the roads. In this study, I found that we should arrange buildings regularly when high Intelligibity and low Step Depth are required for the city. For the vertical plan, the lower the buildings are, the smaller the effects of the shadow on the roads are. But, there is a little difference between a vertical plan which contains only 2-3 storied buildings, and the vertical plan which contains only 4-7 storied buildings. Considering a capacity of the buildings, the vertical plan which contains only 4-7 storied buildings is better than the other vertical plans. Finally I concluded that the most suitable plan for this city is a plan where there are middle-rise buildings in a regular arrangement. 2. Motivation I lived in Honancho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan when I was 6-8 years old. I always felt that for residents this city was inconvenient for residents. That is why I analysed my Neighbourhood and proposed my plans. 3. Current Situation of Site (Depthmap Analysis): By using Depthmap, I analysed Integration, Connectivity (Axial), and Intelligibility which is a correlation between Integration and Connectivity. As shown in Fig. 6, Intelligibility of this site was not good, 0.405. This low Intelligibility was one of reasons of the inconvenience.
Fig. Fig. 11 Japanese Japanese Map Map
Fig. Fig. 22 Satellite Satellite Photograph Photograph of of Site Site
Fig. Fig. 33 Model Model Map Map of of Site Site
low low Intelligibility Intelligibility was was one one of of reasons reasons of of the the inconvenience. inconvenience. Table Table II Color Color Range Range of of Properties Properties of of Axial Axial Analysis Analysis in in Current Current Site Site Integration Integration Connectivity (Axial) (Axial) Connectivity
Min (Blue) (Blue) Min 0.87 0.87 11
Max (Red) (Red) Max 1.90 1.90 20 20
Next, II analysed analysed Area, Area, Connectivity Connectivity (Isovist), (Isovist), and and Step Step Depth Depth from from the the school school (a (a red red marked marked place place in in Fig. Fig. Next, 9) with the isovist analysis. Results were shown in Figs. 7-9. The color ranges of Area, Connectivity (Isovist), 9) with the isovist analysis. Results were shown in Figs. 7-9. The color ranges of Area, Connectivity (Isovist), and Step Step Depth Depth were were shown shown in in Table Table II. II. The The Figure Figure of of Area Area (Fig. (Fig. 7) 7) was was very very similar similar to to the the figure figure of of connectivity connectivity and (Isovist) (Fig. (Fig. 8). 8). This This analysis analysis generally generally matched matched my my experience. experience. The The most most outside outside roads roads were were main main roads roads in in this this (Isovist) 10 Digital Urban Simulation | roads Final were project documentation iA city. That is why Area, and Connectivity (Isovist) on these relatively high compared with other roads. city. That is why Area, and Connectivity (Isovist) on these roads were relatively high compared with other roads. In some some places, places, aa value value of of Step Step Depth Depth was was 15. 15. This This means means that that people people who who live live there there need need to to turn turn 15 15 times times to to go go In Chair of Information Architecture
Min (Blue) Max (Red) Integration 0.87 1.90 Next, I analysed Area, Connectivity (Isovist), and Step Depth from the Connectivity (Axial) 1 20 school (a red marked place in Fig.9) with the isovist analysis. Results were shown in Figs. 7-9. The color ranges of Area, Connectivity (Isovist), andArea, StepConnectivity Depth were (Isovist), shown inand Table The Figure of Area (Fig. 7) was veryplace similar to Next, I analysed StepII.Depth from the school (a red marked in Fig. the the figure of connectivity (Isovist) (Fig. 8). This analysis generally matched my experience. most 9) with isovist analysis. Results were shown in Figs. 7-9. The color ranges of Area, ConnectivityThe (Isovist), outside roads were main roads in this city. That is why Area, and Connectivity (Isovist) on these roads and Step Depth were shown in Table II. The Figure of Area (Fig. 7) was very similar to the figure of connectivity were(Fig. relatively high compared with matched other roads. (Isovist) 8). This analysis generally my experience. The most outside roads were main roads in this In some places, a value of Step Depth was 15.these Thisroads means that people high who compared live there with needother to turn city. That is why Area, and Connectivity (Isovist) on were relatively roads. 15 times toago to school. high for children, therefore should In some places, value of Step This Depthvalue was is 15.too This means that people who livewe there needpropose to turn 15plans timeswhere to go Step Depth is low. to the school. This value is too high for children, therefore, we should propose plans where Step Depth is low. Table II Color Range of Properties of Isovist Analysis in Current Site
Area Connectivity (Isovist) Step Depth from school
Min (Blue) 23.99 m2 2 0
Max: 1.90 Min: 0.87
Max (Red) 17353 m2 2313 15
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s is th s a I
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Fig. 4 Integration in Current Site
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Fig. 5 Connectivity (Axial) in Current Site
Fig. 6 Intelligibility in Current Site
Max: 17353m2 Min: 23.99m2
Max: 23113 Min: 2
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in A
Fig. 6 Intelligibility in Current Site
Max: 17353m2 Min: 23.99m2
Max: 23113 Min: 2
Max: 15 Min: 1
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in A c in A fo fi fo 10000m
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Fig. 7 Area in Current Site
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Fig. 8 Connectivity in Current Site
Fig. 9 Step Depth in Current Site
4. Depthmap Analysis for Horizontal Plans: Considering requirements| for the current site,Neighborhood I proposed two extreme examples for a horizontal Digital Urbanthe Simulation Analysis of My plan as shown in Fig. 10 (Horizontal Plan 1) and Fig. 11 (Horizontal Plan 2). In these plans, I set that 4. Depthmap Analysis Horizontal width of each road isforconstant (10 Plans: m). Figure 10 shows a random arrangement where shape of the Considering requirements forthere the current two of extreme examples for11 a horizontal plan as buildings wasthe very strange, and were site, a lot Iofproposed dead ends the roads. Figure shows a regular shown in Fig. 10 (Horizontal Plan 1) and Fig. 11 (Horizontal Plan 2). In these plans, I set that width of each road arrangement where shape of buildings was simple, only the rectangle and triangle shape, and there is constant m).end Figure 10 shows was no(10 dead of the roads.a random arrangement where shape of the buildings was very strange, and there were a lot offordead ends of the roads.were Figure shows a regular arrangement where shape of buildings was Hypotheses Depthmap analysis as11follows, simple, only rectangle shape and triangle shape, and there was no dead end of the roads. Hypotheses for Depthmap analysis wereanalysis as follows, In the axial In the axial analysis a) When the horizontal plan is random --> low Intelligibility because ways from one place to another a)are When the horizontal plan is random → low Intelligibility because ways from one place to another are unclear. b)unclear. When the horizontal plan is regular --> high Intelligibility because ways from one place to another b)are When the horizontal plan is regular → high Intelligibility because ways from one place to another are clear. clear. In the isovist analysis In the isovist analysis c)c)When plan is random → high StepStep Depth fromfrom the school because we havewe to have turn many times Whenthe thehorizontal horizontal plan is random -->high Depth the school because to turn to gotimes to theto school. many go to the school. d)d)When the horizontal plan is regular → --> lowlow StepStep Depth from from the school because we don'twe have to turn When the horizontal plan is regular Depth the school because don't havemany to times to go to thetoschool. turn many times go to the school
Fig. 10 Horizontal Plan 1 (Random Arrangement)
Fig. 11 Horizontal Plan 2 (Regular Arrangement)
4-1. Axial Analysis: First of all, I analysed Integration, Connectivity andproject Intelligibility in the random arrangement, 12 Digital Urban Simulation (Axial), | Final documentation iAand in the regular arrangement by using Depthmap. Results of this analysis were shown in Figs. 12-14 (Random Arrangement), and in Figs. 15-17 (Regular Ararngement). In order to compare these two arrangements, I fixed
Chair of Information Architecture
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lace ent),
4-1. Axial Analysis: First of all, I analysed Integration, Connectivity (Axial), and Intelligibility in the random arrangement, and in the regular arrangement by using Depthmap. Results of this analysis were shown in Figs. 1214 (Random Arrangement), and in Figs. 15-17 (Regular Ararngement). In order to compare these two arrangements, I fixed color ranges of Integration and Connectivity (Axial). These color ranges were shown in Table III. Almost all lines in Figs. 12-13 (Random Arrangement) were blue because of fixing the same color range as Figs. 15-16 (Regular Arrangement). Intelligibility in the random arrangement was very low, 0.266, therefore, this plan is not suitable for the city. On the other hand, in the regular arrangement, the figure of Integration (Fig. 15) was similar to the figure of Connectivity (Fig. 16), then Intelligibility was very high, 0.781. High intelligibility means that it is easy for newcomers to go to any places. Then, hypotheses a), and b) were confirmed. Table III III Fixed Fixed Color Color Range Range of of Properties Properties of of Axial Axial Analysis Analysis in in Ramdom Ramdom and and Regular Regular Arrangement** Arrangement** Table Min (Blue) (Blue) Max Max (Red) (Red) Min Integration 0.5 4.5 and Regular Arrangement** 0.5 4.5 Table III Fixed Color Range ofIntegration Properties of Axial Analysis in Ramdom Connectivity (Axial) (Axial) 19 Connectivity 11 19 ** The The original original color color ranges ranges in in the the random random arrangement arrangement Min was (Blue) between 0.53 0.53 and 1.19 (Integration), (Integration), and and between between 11 ** was between 1.19 Maxand (Red) and 15 15 (Connectivitiy (Connectivitiy (Axial)). (Axial)). and Integration 0.5 4.5 4-2. Isovist Analysis: Connectivity (Axial) 1 19 4-2. Isovist Isovist Analysis: Analysis: 4-2. In this section, I analysed Area, Connectivity (Isovist), and Step Depth from the school (a red and marked ** The original color ranges in the random arrangement was between 0.53 and 1.19 (Integration), between 1 In this this section, section, II analysed analysed Area, Area, Connectivity Connectivity (Isovist), (Isovist), and and Step Step Depth Depth from from the the school school (a (a red red marked marked place place In place Figs. 20 and (Axial)). 23) by using Depthmap. Results of this analysis were shown in Figs. 18-20 and 15in(Connectivitiy in Figs. 20 and 23) by using Depthmap. Results of this analysis were shown in Figs. 18-20 (Random Arragement), in Figs. 20Arragement), and 23) by using Results of thisArrangement). analysis were shown Figs. 18-20 (Random Arragement), (Random andDepthmap. in Figs. 21-23 (Regular Color in ranges of Area, Connectivity, and in Figs. 21-23 (Regular Arrangement). Color ranges of Area, Connectivity, and Step Depth were fixed as as and Figs. 21-23 (Regular ColorIV. ranges of Area, Connectivity, and Step Depth were fixed and Step Depth were fixedArrangement). as shown in Table 4-2.in Isovist Analysis: shown in Table IV. shown In in this Table IV. I analysed Area, Connectivity (Isovist), and Step Depth from the school (a red marked place section, in Figs. 20 and 23) by using Depthmap. Results of this analysis were shown in Figs. 18-20 (Random Arragement), Table IV IV Fixed Fixed Color Color Range of of Properties Properties of of Isovist Isovist Analysis Analysis in in Random Random and and Regular Regular Arrangement*** Arrangement*** and inTable Figs. 21-23 (Regular Range Arrangement). Color ranges of Area, Connectivity, and Step Depth were fixed as shown in Table IV. Min Max Min Max 22 2 Area of Isovist Analysis 35.78 m m in Random 26099 m Area 35.78 26099and m2 Regular Arrangement*** Table IV Fixed Color Range of Properties Connectivity (Isovist) (Isovist) 3486 Connectivity 55 3486 Step Depth Depth from from school school 15 Min Max Step 00 15 Area 35.78 m Max: 19260992m Max: Max: 4.5 4.5 Max:35.78 19 m and 18334 m2 (Area) ,and be*** The original color ranges in the random arrangement was between Min: Connectivity (Isovist) 5 Min: Min: 0.5 0.5 Min: 11 3486 tween 5 and 2442(fixed) (Connectivituy (Isovist)). The original color range(fixed) of Step Depth from school in the regular (fixed) Step Depth from school 0 (fixed) 15 2
2
arrangement was between 0 and 4. Max: 4.5
Max: 19
Min: Min: 1 and 21) were very similar to figures of As mentioned in 0.5 the case of the current site, figures of Area (Figs.18 (fixed) Connectivity (Isovist) (Figs. 19 and 22) respectively. For Step Depth(fixed) (see Fig. 20), people who live in some places have to turn 15 times to go to the school in the random arrangement, then, hypothesis c) was confirmed. On the other hand, in the regular arrangement, the maximum of Step Depth from the school was 4 (see Fig. 23), therefore, we can go to the school easily, then, hypothesis d) was confirmed.
5. Ecotect Analysis for Vertical Plans: In thisFig. chapter, I simulated effects of the height of the buildings on the roads (Shadow and Solar Radiation) Fig. Fig. 12 12 Integration Integration in in Random Random Arrangement Arrangement Fig. 13 13 Connectivity Connectivity in in Random Random Arrangement Arrangement by using Ecotect. I considered following vertical plans (Figs. 24-26). -Vertical plan 1: only 2-3 storied buildings (8-12 m) -Vertical plan 2: only 4-7 storied buildings (12-25 m) Random Arrangement Fig. 13 Connectivity in m, Random -VerticalFig. plan123:Integration mainly 4-7instoried buildings, and a few very high buildings (70 and 85Arrangement m) I analysed only the vertical plans in regular arrangement, that is, I didn’t analyse in the random arrangement because I wanted to see the effects of height of the buildings. The analysis of the regular arrangement was enough Digital Urban Simulation | Final project documentation to see these effects. In this simulation, I used a weather data of Tokyo (Latitude: 36° 2' N, Longitude: 140°13 4' E). I simulated shadow ranges from 8 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. The reason why the end of analysis time was 3:45 p.m. was 10000m
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Fig. 12 Integration in Random Arrangement
Fig. 13 Connectivity in Random Arrangement
Fig. 14 Intelligibility in Random Arrangement
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of My Neighborhood As mentioned in the case of the current site, figures of Area (Figs.18 and 21) were very similar to figures of Connectivity (Isovist) (Figs. 19 and 22) respectively. For Step Depth (see Fig. 20), people who live in some places have to turn 15 times to go to the school in the random arrangement, then, hypothesis c) was confirmed. On the other hand, in the regular arrangement, the maximum of Step Depth from the school was 4 (see Fig. 23), therefore, we can go to the school easily, then, hypothesis d) was confirmed. 5. Ecotect Analysis for Vertical Plans: In this chapter, I simulated effects of the height of the buildings on the roads (Shadow and Solar Radiation) by using Ecotect. I considered following vertical plans (Figs. 24-26). -Vertical plan 1: only 2-3 storied buildings (8-12 m) -Vertical plan 2: only 4-7 storied buildings (12-25 m) -Vertical plan 3: mainly 4-7 storied buildings, and a few very high buildings (70 m, and 85 m) I analysed only the vertical plans in regular arrangement, that is, I didn’t analyse in the random arrangement because I wanted to see the effects of height of the buildings. The analysis of the regular arrangement was enough to see these effects. In this simulation, I used a weather data of Tokyo (Latitude: 36° 2' N, Longitude: 140° 4' E). I simulated shadow ranges from 8 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. The reason why the end of analysis time was 3:45 p.m. was that the sunset on winter solstice is before 4 p.m. In the northern hemisphere, the summer solstice is 22nd June, and the winter solstice is 22nd December. Hypotheses for Ecotect analysis were as follows. In the shadow analysis a) the lengh of the shadow on winter solstice is longer than that on the summer solstice. b) the higher the buildings are, the longer the shadow is. In the solar radiation analysis c) the values of the solar radiation on the roads on winter solstice are smaller than those on the summer solstice. d) the higher the buildings are, the smaller the solar radiation on the roads
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to see these effects. In this simulation, I used a weather data of Tokyo (Latitude: 36째 2' N, Longitude: 140째 4' E). I simulated shadow ranges from 8 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. The reason why the end of analysis time was 3:45 p.m. was Max: 4.5 Min: 0.5 (fixed)
Max: 19 Min: 1 (fixed)
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Fig. 15 Integration in Regular Arrangement
Fig. 16 Connectivity in Regular Arrangement
Fig. 17 Intelligibility in Regular Arrangement
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5-1. Shadow Analysis: I simulated the shadows of the buildings on the summer solstice, and on the winter solstice. Results of this simulation were shown in Figs. 27-29 (the summer solstice), and in Figs. 30-32 (the winter solstice). Figure 27 was very similar to Fig. 28 because, in summer, the height of the sun is high, and the shadow does long. Then, in summer, influences of the height of the buildings were small. In Fig. 32, the shadows of the very high buildings influenced other buildings. This may cause a conflict between residents. Whether the sun light enter in their house or not is an important issue for many people. In general, compared with the same place, the results of this simulation on the winter solstice were similar to those on the summer solstice, but shadow length on the winter solstice became longer than that on the summer solstice because the height of the sun in winter is lower than in summer, then hypothesis a) was confirmed. For hypothesis b), it is hard to see it from these figures, but obvious from the common sense.
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results of this simulation on the winter solstice were similar to those on the summer solstice, but shadow length on Max: 26099m2 Min: 35.78m2 (fixed)
Max: 3486 Min: 5 (fixed)
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Fig. 18 Area in Random Arrangement
Fig. 19 Connectivity in Random Arrangement
Max: 26099m2 Min: 35.78m2 (fixed)
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Fig. 21 Area in Regualr Arrangement
Fig. 20 Step Depth in Random Arrangement
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Fig. 22 Connectivity in Regular Arrangement
Fig. 23 Step Depth in Regular Arrangement
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of My Neighborhood
5-2. Solar Radiation Analysis: Next, I simulated the solar radiation on the roads on the summer solstice, and on the winter solstice. Results of this simulation were shown in Figs. 33-35 (the summer solstice), and in Figs. 36-38 (the winter solstice). Values of this simulation were the daily average. The maximum of the solar radiation on the summer solstice was 5400 Wh, and the minimum was 400 Wh. On the other hand, the maximum of the solar radiation on the winter solstice was 2820 Wh, and the minimum was 120 Wh. Then, hypothesis c) was confirmed. As shown in Figs. 33-35 (the summer solstice), the roads of the vertical plan 1 had the highest radiation among them as well as the case on the winter solstice (see Figs. 36-38). In the both seasons, the results of the vertical plan 2 and plan 3 (see Figs.34-35 and 37-38) were similar. This means that, in the city which contains mainly 4-7 storied buildings, the effects of the very high buildings on the roads are small, then hypothesis d) was not confirmed. However, as shown in Figs. 29, and 32, the effects of the very high buildings on other buildings were high, therefore the vertical plan 3 may not be suitable for this city.
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in Figs. 29, and 32, the effects of the very high buildings on other buildings were high, therefore the vertical plan 3 may not be suitable for this city. on
Fig. 24 Vertical Plan 1
Fig. 25 Vertical Plan 2
Fig. 26 Vertical Plan 3
Fig. 27 Shadow Analysis in Summer Fig. 28 Shadow Analysis in Summer Fig. 29 Shadow Analysis in Summer (Vertical Plan 1) (Vertical Plan 2) (Vertical Plan 3)
Fig. 30 Shadow Analysis in Winter (Vertical Plan 1)
Fig. 31 Shadow Analysis in Winter Fig. 32 Shadow Analysis in Winter (Vertical Plan 2) (Vertical Plan 3)
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6. Discussion and Conclusion: What I found from the two analyses are as follows, In Depthmap analysis, -Random arrangement: low Intelligibility, and high Step Depth (×) -Regular arrangement: high Intelligibility, and low Step Depth (O) --> The regular arrangement is better than the random arrangement in terms of the safety for children and the easy management. In Ecotect analysis, -Vertical plan 1 (only 2-3 storied buildings): a few effects of the shadow on the roads (O) -Vertical plan 2 (only 4-7 storied buildings): some effects of the shadow on the roads (∆), but a little difference from Vertical plan 1 -Vertical plan 3 (Vertical plan 2 + very high buildings): some effects of the shadow on the roads (∆), but bad scenery (×) --> The vertical plan 1 had the less effects on the roads than the vertical plan 2, but there was a little difference between them. Considering a capasity of the buildings, the vertical plan which contains only 4-7 storied buildings is better than the other vertical plans. Considering these things, I concluded that we should design a conbination of the horizontal plan 2 (Regular Arrangement) and the vertical plan 2 (Middle-rise Buildings).
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e
between them. Considering a capasity of the buildings, the vertical plan which contains only 4-7 storied buildings is better than the other vertical plans. Considering these things, I concluded that we should design a conbination of the horizontal plan 2 (Regular Arrangement) and the vertical plan 2 (Middle-rise Buildings).
Fig. 33 Solar Radiation Analysis in Summer (Vertical Plan 1)
Fig. 34 Solar Radiation Analysis in Summer (Vertical Plan 2)
Fig. 35 Solar Radiation Analysis in Summer (Vertical Plan 3)
In the real world, Barcelona in Spain (Fig. 39), and Kyoto in Japan (Fig. 40) are examples of the regular arrangement city, on the other hand Fez in Morocco (Fig. 41), and Venezia in Italy (Fig. 42) are examples of the random arranmement cities. Of course, there are some advantages in the random arrangement (e.g. it is easy to prevent enemies from attacking), but, in terms of the management of the city, the regular arrangement is better than the random arrangement.
Fig. 36 Solar Radiation Analysis in Winter (Vertical Plan 1)
Fig. 37 Solar Radiation Analysis in Winter (Vertical Plan 2)
Fig. 38 Solar Radiation Analysis in Winter (Vertical Plan 3)
In the real world, Barcelona in |Spain (Fig. 39), andNeighborhood Kyoto in Japan (Fig. 40) are examples of the reguDigital Urban Simulation Analysis of My lar arrangement city, on the other hand Fez in Morocco (Fig. 41), and Venezia in Italy (Fig. 42) are examples of the random arranmement cities. Of course, there are some advantages in the random arrangement (e.g. it is easy to prevent enemies from attacking), but, in terms of the management of the city, the regular arrangement is better than the random arrangement.
Fig. 39 Barcelona in Spain
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Fig. 40 Kyoto in Japan
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Fig. 39 Barcelona in Spain
Fig. 40 Kyoto in Japan
Fig. 41 Venezia in Italy
Fig. 42 Fez in Morocco
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Optimization of window dimensions to solar gains Student: Paul Neitzel
Introduction Better glass production and processing techniques as well as improvements in the glass characteristics made it possible to increase the glass fraction on building facades drastically in the last decades. This is a very appreciated development, because increased daylight contributes a better part to the user comfort. However a high percentage of transparent facade causes an increase in solar gains, which is an advantage in winter, but can be a disadvantage in summer. If the high solar gains can not be counter acted by night ventilation the building needs to be air conditioned. In order to keep the energy consumption of a building at a minimum, not only should the heating loads but also the cooling needs to be minimized. For this reason the project attempts to optimize the window dimensions individually to meet the optimal solar gains. If a building is air conditioned nearly all glass fractions of the facade can be realized. It is only a matter of cooling load to keep the room temperatures within the comfort zone, even during hot summer days. However, this study aims to examine the case, where no active cooling should be necessary. We set the maximum floor specific external gain that can be counter acted by night cooling to 7 W/m2. From this boundary condition we calculate backwards what the individual window dimensions need to be to meet the given condition for different climatic regions (Zurich, southern Italy and northern Scotland). A brief description of the analysis, a before and after view on the investigated sites and a comparison of the calculated factor f with latitude is given in the following.
f window dimensions to solar gains
View on investigated building from thefrom crossroads of Herdernstrasse and Bullingerstrasse. View onthethe investigated building the crossroads of Herdernstrasse and Bullingerstrasse. https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/hbd/de/index/ueber_das_departement/medien/medienmitteilungen/2014mai/140526a.htmlv https://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/hbd/de/index/ueber_das_departement/medien/medienmitteilungen/2014/mai/140526a.htmlv
How can the window dimensions be adapted in a way that overheating in summer can be prevented without air conditioning?
Analysis The five floors and the corresponding timization of window dimensions to solar gains windows as well as the other part of the complex and the surrounding buildings are created in Grasshopper and exported as meshes to Ecotect. With the solar access analysis the total radiation on the window meshes was calculated. The analysis was carried out for the month of July, because overheating is not only depending on the incident radiation, which
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Chair of Information Architecture
typical value for external blinds. In a second step the original width of each window was weighted with the factor f and the solar access analysis was repeated. That
Building Site
Letzigrund. The examined part of the building complex is the south
ing radiation. As a measure of radiation the average hourly values for the time period from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. were calculated.
The study is conducted on a building project on Herdernstrasse in Zurich, which is currently in the preliminary design study phase. The architects planned on realizing a reasonably priced living and business complex including studios and kindergarten with a Minergie-P-ECO standard. For the analysis the southeast wing of the
The investigated investigatedsite sitewill willbe becompleted completedinin2018. 2018. It is opposite stadium Letzigrund. examined of building the building complex the south The It is setset opposite of of thethe stadium Letzigrund. TheThe examined partpart of the complex is theissouth eastern easternwing wingon onBullingerstrasse. Bullingerstrasse. complex was chosen and for time limiting
To answer the question posed in the beginreasons a strongly simplified model was built. ning a limit for the maximum energy per floor The five floors have plot has its peak on 21st of June, but also depends on the surrounding as well as an theidentical building ground temperaarea needs to be set. I choose the value of 7 and the same window sizes.As a measure of ture, which has a maximum shifted in time from the maximum of incoming radiation. W/m2, which is the threshold value for inter1 radiation the average hourly values for the time period from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. were calculated. To annal gains in a building without air conditionTheradiation. otherenergy partAs of complex and the surswer the question posed in the beginning a limit for the maximum per floor areaof needs to be the window dimensions be adapting athe measure radiation the ing. InHow ordercan to adapt the window dimensions rounding buildings on in Bullingerstrasse and set. I choose the value of 7 W/m2, which is the thresholdaverage value for hourly internal gains a building without ed in a way that overheating in summer can values for the time period in a way that the total area specific radiation Herdernstrasse modeled by extruding air In order adapt the window dimensionsfrom in a 8 way that total area calculated. specific radia-the be conditioning. prevented without airtoconditioning? a.m. tothe 6are p.m. were input does not exceed the threshold value a ground plot to the following average building tion input notl R exceed the threshold value a factor f is(1) calculated in the way. height. pc = does −ln(φ T factor f is calculated in)Ď the vfollowing way. Analysis To answer the question posed in the begina limit the maximum energy per floor The g-value corresponds to thening fraction offor radiation that enters through W 7 2 The five the corresponding win-direct transmission area be set. I choose the valueofof 7 the glass including and to secondary heat dissipation f = floors mand (2) 2needs Athe windowother part of the comdows as gwell as , which is the threshold value for interW/m fc Itot Aroom the glass. Here I used a value of 0.7, which is an average value for double plex and the surrounding buildings are creatnalfactor gainsfcinaccounts a building air conditionglassing with low e-coating. The forwithout the reduction of ed in Grasshopper and exported as meshes ing. In order to adapt the window dimensions δa φ pv,sat to Ecotect. in Kv = With the solar access analysis (3)a way that the total area specific radiation ÂľĎ radiation l Rv Ton the incoming of the sunshade. 0.25 is a typicalinput valuedoes for external blinds. a second value step a the total solar radiation window meshes not exceed theInthreshold pthe −ln(φ )Ď Tanalysis way. c = solar the widthThe of each window weighted factor ff is and access was l Rvfollowing wasoriginal calculated. analysis was was carried out with the factor calculated in the repeated. Thatofway a uniform heating load for the month becausesolar overheating is per area of 7 W/m2 for every room was obtained. KJuly, v adapted window sizes and the total incoming D (4) = ndow The dimensions to solar gains v not only depending C on the incident radiation, radiation expressed in Wh/h is shown in following the results section. The above 7 mW2specified analysis which has its peak on 21st of June, but also f = on theAwindow dimensions was not only out for Zurich, but to evaluate the influence of latitude depends on carried the w surrounding as well as the g fc Itot Awindow room two locations one in southern Italy and the other in northern Scotland were selected. Îť du 1 w0 building which has a maximum Dl temperature, =− (5) δ w the maximum of incom2 from Building shifted inSite time δΝ δa φ pv,sat The study is conducted on a building project on Herdernstrasse in Zurich, Kv =which is currently in the F w − wcap ÂľĎ l Rpriced vT preliminary living and g(Dl (w)) = log(D(wdesign (6)architects planned on realizing a reasonably cap )) +study phase. The w ln(10) cap business complex including studios and kindergarten with a Minergie-P-ECO standard. For the analysis the southeast wing of the complex was chosen and for time limiting reasons a strongly simplified Kv five floors model was built.Simulation The an identical ground plot and the same sizes. The other Dvwindow =to solar Digital Urban |have Optimization of window dimensions gains Acap 2 C D(w ) = f (F) (7) cap part of the complexwand the surrounding cap buildings on Bullingerstrasse and Herdernstrasse are modeled by extruding the ground plot to the w average building height. 1 w0 Îť du 2 F Dl = − 3 4 f (F) = (8) 2 δw 2 −F δΝ 2F − 1 − F − 1 + 2 − Ď€ F e F w − wcap Digital Urban Simulation |log(D Final project documentation 23 = log(D(w (6) cap )) + l (w)) ln(10) wcap
Map of Zurich indicating the object’s location, schematic expends of the Building complex and the floor plan of the investigated south eastern wing. Map of Zurich indicating the object’s location, schematic expends of the Building complex and the floor plan of the investigated south eastern wing.
Result The solar access analysis was carried out for the locations of Zurich (Mid Europe), Aberdeen (northern Scotland) and Cagliari (southern Italy).For each site I compare the before (left hand) versus after (right hand) situation. The window size of the before-situation corresponds to the initially planed dimensions, whereas the window 1/7 size of the after-situation corresponds to the window dimensions which are adapted according to the calculated f factor. The total radiation entering the room is depicted as colour coding. The total radiation is calculated from the incident radiation, the window area, the g value and the fc value of the sunshade. Zurich For the location of Zurich the weather data of Munich was used. Munich has a similar climate being city bordering the Alps to the north and solar radiation patterns do not change such local scales. In the initial state the windows of southwest facing facade have highest solar gains. These are also the windows, which needed to be scaled down to meet the required 7 W/m2. The smaller windows on the back facade could be slightly enlarged. Since the corner rooms have two windows the solar gains in these rooms are higher. This is also reflected in solar gains of the northeast facade. Even though all the windows have initially the same size, the corner windows need to be reduced in size to meet the target of area specific solar gains in the rooms. The window dimensions have to be reduced in average by 10 % and the total solar gains amount to 7800 Wh/h.
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Digital Urban Simulation
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Chair of Information Architecture
front
front
back
dimensions andoftotal radiation the windows dimensions andWindow total radiation entering the windows the initial Situation forentering Zurich. Window dimensions and totalfor radiation entering the windows of the initial back Situation for Zurich. the initial Situation Zurich.
dimensions and Window total radiation dimensions entering and the totalwindows radiationofentering the initial theSituation windowsforofZurich. the initial Situation for Zurich.
front
front front
front
back
back
b
of
Window dimensions and total radiation the windows of Window dimensions and total radiation entering the windowsentering of the adapted Situation for Zurich. Window dimensions and total radiation entering the windows of the adapted Situation for Zurichb back the adapted Situation back for Zurich.
Window dimensions and Window total radiation dimensions entering and the totalwindows radiationofentering the adapted the windows Situationoffor theZurich. adapted Situation for Zurich
Northern Scotland Southern Italy
al Urban Simulation | Optimization of window dimensions to solar gains Digital Urban Simulation | Optimization of window dimensions to solar gains
al Urban Digital Simulation Urban| Simulation Optimization | Optimization of window dimensions of windowtodimensions solar gainsto solar gains
front
front
back
back
Window dimensions and total radiation windows of Window dimensions andentering totalthe radiation the initial Situation for southern Italy. entering the windows of the initial Situation for southern Italy.
Southern Italy If the object would have been set in southern Italy the pattern that can be observed Digital matches very closely the one from Zurich, even though it is far more pronounced. The large windows on the southwestern facade
Window dimensions and total radiation enteringradiation the windows of Window dimensions and total the adapted Situation for southern Italy. entering the windows of the adapted Situation for southern Italy.
If the same building is placed in north
Scotland have the picture drawn is very diffe If the object would been from the one of Zurich and southern Ital set in southern Italythethe pattern fact here average window dimension not have to bematches reduced, but can be enlar that can be observed on average by a factor of 10 %. How very closely the one from Zurich, even though it is far more pronounced. The large windows on the southwestern facade need to be reduced by 50 % in size, where as at the location of Zurich only 65 % reduction in size was needed. Also the corner windows need to be significantly f adapted. The average reduction factor for southern Italy is 0.7 and the total solar gains of the whole building part account to approximately 8900 Wh/h.
as at the location of Zurich only 65 % reduction in size was needed. Also the corner windows need to be significantly adapted. The average reduction factor for southern Italy is Urban | gains Finalof project 0.7 Simulation and the total solar the wholedocumentation building part account to approximately 8900 Wh/h.
25
b
not have to be reduced, but can be enlarged on average by a factor of 10 %. However
Northern Scotland If the same building is placed in understood northern more asScotland guidelines as a thethan picture compulsory drawn requirements. Firstly, from because is very different the it is not economically feasible to assignItaly. inIn order to compare the above shown exone of Zurich and southern dividual sizes to all the different windows. amples. The reduction factor can be plotted In fact here the average window front Secondly,frontif the focus of do thenot building lays against latitude. The different colours cordimensions have to beon the user comfort regarding daylight and respond to the three different oriented fareduced, but can be enlargedan unconfined view to the by outside andofnot on cades. There is no clear correlation since the on average a factor 10 %. the energeticHowever performance then varying window and room size is offsetting looking at this this analysis in more is unhelpful. detail, At last,the if the air conditioning of the clear relationship of total radiation with windows on the north the room is east obtained by can means of an enerlatitude for the three different orientations. facade be enlarged gy and exergy efficient cooling system the However, the lowest values are found for the significantly, but the large winfacade is in ows some cases even designed southwest facing facade, whereas the facfacing southwest need toto maximize thebesolar gains. The by regenerating tors of the northeast facade tend to be at reduced in size 80%. The back back of a thermal earth storage with free the upper limit and the ones of the southeast total solar gains are 5600cooling Wh/h. Window dimensions andentering totaltheradiation Window dimensions and entering total radiation Window dimensions and total radiation windows of Window dimensions and total radiation the windows of through the floor heat exchanger is an exfacade mostly in between. the initial Situation northern Scotland. the adapted the Situation for northern of Scotland. entering theforwindows of entering windows ample for such a system. However, if the the initial Situation for northern Scotland. the adapted Situation for northern Scotland. emphasis lays on the energetic behaviour Correlationespecially with Latitude to reduce overheating in the sumIn order to mer, compare shown examples. The then the thisabove analysis might be helpful the reduction factor can be plotted against latitude. The difgain a first indication, what the dimensions ferent colours correspond theeach threefacade differentcould oriented of the windowstofor be facades. and what the average window fraction of the There is nobuilding clear correlation varying windowon could be.since It isthe then depending and room size is offsetting the clear relationship of total 1 / 7 system and the aimed energetic the cooling radiation with latitude for the different performance, howthree far the resultsorientations. of such an However, the lowestshould valuesbe aretaken found forconsideration. the southwest analysis into facing facade, whereas the factors of the northeast facade tend to be at the upper limit and the ones of the southeast facade mostly in between. 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1.2
●
●
1.0
●
●
0.8
● ● ●
●
1.0
0.6
● ●
Latitude
0.6
0.8
0
factor f 1.2 Reduction 1.4
1.4
Correlation with Latitude
●
Northeast facade Southeast facade Southwest facade
Calculated reduction factors compared to latitude of the specific 40 50 60 70 80 location. 30
0
Conclusion The analysis demonstrates that the amount of solar gains is very strongly linked to the window dimensions. As a Result from the analysis one can rapidly determine the individual and optimal size of the windows for each room. These
dimensions need to be understood more as guidelines than as a compulsory requirements. Firstly, because it is not economically feasible to assign individual sizes to all the different windows. SecConclusion ondly, if the focus of the building lays on the user comfort regarding daylight and an unconfined view toThe the analysis outside and not on the that energetic performance then this analysis is unhelpful. At last, if the air demonstrates the amount conditioning of the room is obtained by of solar gains is very strongly linked means to the of an energy and exergy efficient cooling system the facade is indimensions. some casesAs even designed to maximize the solar gains. The regenerating of a thermal window a Result from the earth storage cooling throughthe theindifloor heat exchanger is an example for such a system. analysis onewith canfree rapidly determine However, if the emphasis lays on the energetic vidual and optimal size of the windows for behaviour especially to reduce overheating in the summer, then this analysis might be helpful each room. These dimensions need the to gain be a first indication, what the dimensions of the windows for each facade could be and what the average window fraction of the building could be. It is then depending on the cooling system and the aimed energetic performance, how far the results of such an analysis should be taken into consideration.
Digital Urban Simulation | Optimization of window dimensions to solar gains
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Chair of Information Architecture
Khayelitsha Re-Clustering Student: Andrea Gonzales Palos
Digital Urban Simulation Khayelitsha Re-Clustering To analyze an urban element, |there are different factors that play a role in its interpretations. Appart from the rough data, there are economical, social, physical, enviornmental, etc. elements that can affect the way a person perceives their enviornment. For the following analysis, only the phyisical aspects of a defined urban space are taken into consideration to evaluate and eventually propose, with different parameters, a new urban arrangement. Factors such as the visibility range in each space, the different routes by which people can move along the settlement because of the way the volumes are placed or the areas that are more likely to be used in the area, are all analyzed through digital methods. These analysis provide information that allows urban planners to then subjectibly evaluate the quality of the existent or designed space. Although these type of analysis can sometimes became too objective, and be missing some interpretation to really make the usefull, they are a great tool to understand in a simple way, the very complex properties that space has. BT Section in Khayelitsha, South Africa, is an informal settlement that grew without any plan or consideration for space. It is interesting to see how, due to necessity, people arranged their living space in the best way they could, eventually defining an urban area. With the use of a digital urban analysis, we can understand how these initial configuration of small houses, created a complex urban system, with main paths, crowded spaces and different private and public areas. The Khayelitsha Re-Clustering project was done with the aid of digital tools such as Grasshopper and Depthmap in order to help the urban planner take into consideration certain parameters for the reclustering of the area. The main goal was to mantain some of the current urban conditions: main avenues, areas with potential for public spaces, shack sizes and proximity, but also to provide a different arrangement option that would improve the space and boost its current qualities. For the footprint of the shacks, Grasshopper was used to analyze the current sizes and then replace them for established proposed typologies. Then, after doing the path and isovist analysis with Depthmap, the main spaces were located, the new typologies automatically rotated and moved around them. This same process could be repeated in any other urban settlement, establishing the desired housing typologies (sizes, geometry) and then locating streets and “cluster� areas that arrange the new typologies.
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Digital Urban Simulation
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Chair of Information Architecture
pologies (sizes, geometry) and then locating streets and “cluster� areas that arrange the new typologies.
sha Re-Clustering
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Analysis 1 (Connectivity):
Analysis 2 (Isovist Area):
Analysis 1 (Connectivity):
Analysis 2 (Isovist Area):
Analysis 2 (Isovist Area):
Digital Urban Simulation | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
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Chair of Information Architecture
Njongo Avenue
8 m2
10 m2 43 m 67 m2
BT 4.16
BT 4.13 5 A. 2 K.
1 A. 4 K.
36 m2
BT 4.14 1 A.
47 m2
BT 4.12 2 A.
BT 4.15
BT 4.68 4 A. 2 K.
BT 4.67 1 A. 1 K.
55 m2
2
30 m2 BT 4.18 1 A. 2 K.
48 m2
5 A. 3 K.
BT 4.17 1 A. 1 K.
16 m2
BT 4.53 1 A.
7 m2
28 m2
51 m2
8 m2
BT 4.11 1 A. 3 K.
Maphongwana Avenue
40 m2
BT 4.54 5 A. 4 K.
BT 4.52 1 A.
15 m2
BT 4.62 ?
25 m2
BT 4.55 2 A. 1 K.
2
26 m
BT 4.56 1 A. 2 K.
BT 4.41 1 A.
BT 4.66 1 A.
BT 4.26 5 A.
14 m2
BT 4.25 1 A.
13 m2
2
25 m
29 m2
BT 4.59 1 A. 4 K.
21 m2
BT 4.08 5 A.
BT 4.45 1 A. 1 K.
12 m2
39 m2
14 m
BT 4.34 1 A. 1 K.
72 m2
36 m2
BT 4.24 6 A. 3 K.
BT 4.23 1 A. 2 K.
BT 4.21 6 A. 2 K.
35 m2
17 m2
BT 4.36 1 A.
2
6 m2 13 m2
BT 4.27 1 A. 3 K.
BT 4.28 4 A. 5 K.
BT 4.29 6 A. 4 K.
BT 4.37 1 A.
50 m2
BT 4.61 1 A. 1 K.
BT 4.65 1 A. 1 K.
BT 4.48 1 A.
29 m2
17 m2 BT 4.48 1 A.
18 m2
BT 4.40 1 A.
36 m2
BT 4.35 7 A. 6 K.
BT 4.20 1 A. 1 K.
BT 4.39 2 A. 3 K.
13 m2
25 m2
18 m2
BT 4.69 ?
38 m2
BT 4.42 1 A.
21 m2
BT 4.38 1 A. 1 K.
BT 4.58 6 A. 2 K.
30 m2 BT 4.22 6 A. 1 K.
BT 4.64 1 A.
22 m
27 m2
34 m2
BT 4.09 5 A.
36 m
BT 4.19 1 A. 3 K.
18 m2
BT 4.43 1 A.
BT 4.45 1 A. 1 K.
2
128 m2
2
BT 4.44 1 A.
14 m2
14 m2
33 m2
11 m2
12 m2
30 m2 BT 4.49 1 A.
19 m2
BT 4.46 4 A.
17 m
BT 4.63 ?
29 m2
BT 4.50 2 A. 3 K.
39 m2
38 m2
BT 4.70
2
BT 4.10 7 A. 4 K.
BT 4.19
BT 4.51 4 A. 1 K.
BT 4.30 1 A. 2 K.
8 m2
32 m2
BT 4.60 1 A. 2 K.
BT 4.31 1 A. 3 K.
BT 4.07 1 A. 3 K.
53 m2
BT 4.32 6 A. 2 K.
32 m2
BT 4.33 1 A. 3 K.
41 m2 BT 4.06 1 A. 5 K.
ban Simulation | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering Current free semi-public spaces
10m2 Footprint
Areas for semi-public space after clustering
15m2 Footprint
1 floor 2 floors external stair
20m2 Footprint
1 floor 2 floors external stair 2 floors internal stair
Proposed Typologies
25m2 Footprint
1 floor 2 floors external stair 2 floors internal stair
$
30m2 Footprint
2 floors internal stair
1 floor 2 floors external stair 2 floors internal stair
$$
10m
2
10m
2
10m
2
A1
B1
20m
2
20m
2
B2
0-10m2
20m
2
20m
2
2
20m
30m
2
30m
2
B3
A2
B2
11-20m2
30m
2
15m
2
30m
2
15m
2
C1
B3
30m
2
A3
21-30m2
20m
2
20m
2
C2
31-40m2
25m
2
25m
2
C3 41-50m2
30m
2
30m
2
C4
51-60m2
mulation | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
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Street Proposal based on Connectivity Analysis
rtyard Street Proposal: and Courtyard Proposal:
Courtyard Proposal Based on Isovist Area Analysis Re-Clustering:
Re-Clustering:
Simulation Digital Urban | Khayelitsha Simulation Re-Clustering | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
Street and Courtyard Proposal
Re-Clustering
Simulation Digital Urban | Khayelitsha Simulation Re-Clustering | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
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Analysis 4 (Connectivity Area):
Analysis 3 (Connectivity)
Digital Urban Simulation | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering
Analysis 4 (Connectivity Area)
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Conclusions: Conclusions: By using the different methods of analysis provided during the course, I could first analyze and localimportant aspects of the original urban plan ofduring Khayelitsha, and them usefirst them as a guide for an Byize using the different methods of analysis provided the course, I could analyze and localize automatically created urban plan. important aspects of the original urban plan of Khayelitsha, and them use them as a guide for an automatiin the plan urban created by Grasshopper, it can be seen that the organization of the main pathways is cally created plan. clearer. Instead of having paths that went along the edges of the project or didn’t really connect the different in the second proposal there is athat clear between spaceisand built in the plan spaces, created by Grasshopper, it can be seen thedifference organization of thecirculation main pathways clearer. spaceofand the main are always conected other Looking the connect Isovist area Instead having pathsstreet that went along the edges to of each the project or didn’tat really theanalysis, different the spacoriginal layout of BT Section created a very irregular gradation from public to private space. The areas es, in the second proposal there is a clear difference between circulation space and built space and the to the leftare of the site are a lot less denseother than the right side and this created different visual qualities main street always conected to each of space throughout the site. In the Digital Re-Clustering, the change of footprint for shacks and the rearrangement around created a different of space. Further analysis andgradation design isfrom Looking at the Isovist areacourtyards analysis, the original layout ofquality BT Section created a very irregular obviously necessary, the geometry not thing thatless defines anthan urban digitally public to private space. as The areas to the isleft of the the only site are a lot dense thearea, rightbut sidethis and this created proposal can defenitely be used as a base for an urban design that has certain initialy defined created different visual qualities of space throughout the site. In the Digital Re-Clustering, the change of goals. for shacks and the rearrangement around courtyards created a different quality of space. footprint Further analysis and design is obviously necessary, as the geometry is not the only thing that defines an urban area, but this digitally created proposal can defenitely be used as a base for an urban design that has certain initialy defined goals.
Digital Urban Simulation | Khayelitsha Re-Clustering 36
Digital Urban Simulation
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Chair of Information Architecture
ze tomati-
arer. t spacthe
on from his e of
s an urat has
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Urban Planning in Milan/Cimiano Student: Benjamin Gurtner
Summary: 1. Motivation: 1.This Motivation new part of the city of Milan is beetween the Parco Lambro and the city. It has to better define the limit between building zone and green zone and also to make a better junction beetween parc 2.and Analyses: 1) Axial map (Connectivity, Line Length) city. The goal is to make a global analyse about this urban planning project. The idea is to use 2) Isovist map different tools to make a global analyse about different points. Shadows analyse The axial map3)has to define where are the more important streets and to see if the organisation is Solar access analyse really good or4)not. The isovist map has to say if the ways (or the openings) from the city to the parc are good. The shados analyse has to say if the new part of the city has enough ligntning and if it dont 3.disturb Conclusion the rest of the city and the parc. Finally, the solar access analyse has to say if the building have enough/to much/to less solar radiation.
1. Motivation: This new part of the city of Milan is beetween the Parco Lambro and the city. It has to better define the limit between building zone and green zone and also to make a better junction beetween parc and city. The goal is to make a global analyse about this urban planning project. The idea is to use different tools to make a global analyse about different points. The axial map has to define where are the more important streets and to see if the organisation is really good or not. The isovist map has to say if the ways (or the openings) from the city to the parc are good. The shados analyse has to say if the new part of the city has enough ligntning and if it dont disturb the rest of the city and the parc. Finally, the solar access analyse has to say if the building have enough/to much/to less solar radiation.
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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Final project documentation
2. Analysis 1 (Axial map):
Ana
2. Analysis 1 (Axial map):
Analysis 2 (Isovist map):
1. Axial map (Line length)
2. Axial map (Connectivity)
1. Axial map (Line length)
2. Axial map (Connectivity)
2. Analysis 1 (Axial map):
Analysis 2 (Isovist map):
1. Axial map (Line length)
1. Axial map (Line length)
2. Axial map (Connectivity)
2. Axial map (Connectivity)
3. Axial map (impotant lines)
3. Axial map (impotant lines) We can see that to most important streets 3. Axial map (impotant lines) are along the big street. Its a good point We can see that to most important streets arebecause alongthisthe for the traffic longbig streets have of to take the most important part of DigitalItsUrban | Name the project street. a goodSimulation point for the traffic because this long streets the traffic. They are also the most largest have to take the most important part street of the traffic. in the planning.They are also the most largest street in the planning.
We can see that 3. to Axial most important streets lines) 4. Isovist map map (impotant are along the big street. Its a good point for the traffic because this long streets We can see here that the visual see that important 4.ThIs have to take theWe mostcan important parttoofmost have to be usestreets for the traffic. the traffic. They are the most largest arealso along the big street. open Its a good border point who let a visual ap street in the planning. for the traffic because this long streets
have to take the most important part of 4. Isovist map 4. Isovist map They also the most largest We can see herethe thattraffic. the visual and are spatial connection is good We can see here that the visual and spatial connection is good define. The red forms are along the street who have to be useThe for thered traffic. The connection from the big street to the parc ishave good. This zone for is like an define. forms areinalong the street who to urban be use street the planning. open border who let a visual appeal from the green zone to the big street (city). the traffic. The connection from the big street to the parc is good. This urban zone is like an open border who let a visual appeal from the green zone to the big street (city).
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
1/x
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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We hav ope
Analysis 3 (Shadows analyse): Analysis 3 (Shadows analyse): Analysis 3 (Shadows analyse):
Ana Ana
We We rise dea dea
The The quie quie
The The bec bec situ larg larg buil bui
This This not not little littl
5. Winter solstice (12/21) 5. Winter solstice (12/21) 5. Winter solstice (12/21)
The low rise of the buildings dont disturb the rest of the city and the parc. The free places in the new building zone are also usefull for the lightning inside this urban zone.
5. Winter solstice (12/21)
6. Summer solstice (6/12) 6. Summer solstice (6/12) The low rise of the buildings dont disturb the rest of the city and the parc. The free places in the new building zone are also usefull for the lightning inside this urban zone.
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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7. S 7. S
The orientation south/west to north/east is also not bad and quiet place to work in summer and winter. Analysis 4 (Solar access analyse): The tower in the north/east have also not to much sunlight Analysis 4 (Solar access analyse): becasue of her orientation. Of course we can see that the We can here solar is not to low Wesee can seethat herethe that theradiation solar radiation is hard. not toThe hard. largeThe andlow the rise buildings a sideand make in the of thefrom buildings theshadows differenet free places deal beetween shadows and sunlight. buildings from the other side of the street. make a good deal beetween shadows and sunlight. The orientation south/west to north/east is also not bad and The south/west also and Thisorientation problem is actually sonorth/east hard because thenot building arein quiet place to worknot in to summer and is winter. Thebad tower quiet place to work in summer and winter. not high and we think thatalso there enough alsobecasue in the of the north/east have notisto much light sunlight little her streets. orientation. Of course we can see that the situation in The tower in the north/east have This also not to much sunlight the little streets is different. streets are not so large becasue of her orientation. Of course we can see that and the buildings from a side make shadows inthe the buildings from the other side of the street. This problem is largeactually and the not buildings from a side make shadows thehigh and so hard because the building areinnot buildings fromthat the there other is side of the light street. we think enough also in the little streets. This problem is actually not so hard because the building are not high and we think that there is enough light also in the little streets.
7. Solar radiation plan
3. Conclusions: 7. Solar radiation plan 8.-9.-10. Solar radiation in faรงade After this global analyse, we can say that this new urban zone answer good to the different questions: -The traffic is good manage (with the two big streets 1/x along this zone). -The connections to the parc are also good manage. The visual connection to the parc is good and the are a lot of different ways to go there. This connection is also good 8.-9.-10. Solar radiation in faรงade in the point of view of the traffic because we see that the 7. Solar radiation plan 8.-9.-10. Solar radiation in faรงade most important perpendicular streets are exactly where the streets for traffic is plane. - The question of the solar radiation and the shadow is also good resolve in this urban zone with the different openings (free zones) beetween building and the low rise of this part of the city. In conclusion, we can say that we are happy from the result of this global analyse who confirm our choice for 1/x this new urban zone in terms of connection with the parc, managment of the traffic and solar radiation. We can say positively that this new plan have not factual big problems.
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Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel Student: Bettina Dobler
terventions it will be more attractive to live there, because of the good connections and the noise reduction.
Digital Urban Simulation | Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel Summary: In 1973 the four-lane Rosengartenstrasse was built as a provisional element of the Westtangente. Since then the Rosengartenstrasse cuts through the district Wipkingen/ Rosengarten and makes any further urban development impossible for this area. Today 56000 cars drive along the Rosengartenstrasse every day. Because there is a lot of traffic on this road, the bus lines from Albisriederplatz to Buecheggplatz are always overstrained. Also the adjacent residential districts suffer from the traffic jam, the air pollution, traffic noise and from the Rosengartenstrasse as a danger zone for children. The City and the Canton worked out a plan to solve the infrastructural problems. They want to build a new tram line from Albisriederplatz to Milchbuck to improve the public transportation network of Zurich.They also want to build a tunnel from the Wipkingerplatz to the Buechegggplatz and to the Milchbuck for a better traffic flow through the city. In 2024 they start with the construction of the Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel. The expected opening of the Rosengartentunnel should happen in 2030 and after two years the new tram line will be realised. The projects cost 860 mio. CHF. The parties involved are TAZ, VBZ, DAV. AfS, UZG and the Canton of Zurich. This two projects will also have many effects on the residential districts Wipkingen/ Rosengarten. After the interventions it will be more attractive to live there, because of the good connections and the noise reduction. Motivation: I live near Wipkingen and I often have to use the Rosengartenstrasse by bus. Sometimes it is really exhausting, because if I have to use the Rosengartenstrasse by bus, their are always late. I recognize the problems of the Rosengartenstrasse and that is why I want to prove the proposed infrastructural projects. I am interessted in what are the effects of the Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel on the neighbourhoods and how the importance of the Rosengartenstrasse changes, but first I want to understand the current situation of the Rosengartenstrasse. I also would like to know which areas would be activated by such a intervention and where the new sites of potentials in terms of further development are. I think the angular segment map analysis could provide a better understanding of the complex situation. So I would like to analyse this current situation and want to have a look at the situation before and after the planned projects.
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engartenstrasse Rosengartenstrasse today: traffic flowtoday: at 11 am traffic flow at 11 am
Rosengartenstrasse Rosengartenstrasse today: traffic jam today: at 18 pm traffic jam at 18 pm
Rosengartenstrasse today: traffic flow at 11 am
Rosengartenstrasse today: traffic jam at 18 pm
lannings City andSimulation of the the Canton City and the Zurich: tal Urban Digital Urban | Zurich: Rosengartentram Simulation Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel Rosengartentunnel Plannings of theCanton City |and the Canton&Zurich:
Digital mulation Urban| Simulation Rosengartentram | Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel & Rosengartentunnel
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Analysis of the Rosengartentunnel from Wipkingerplatz to Buecheggplatz:
Current situation the Rosengartenstrasse: Current situation at theatRosengartenstrasse: The Rosengartenstrasse cuts through the neighThe Rosengartenstrasse cuts through the neighbourhood. bourhood. there isfrom no connection from one Because there isBecause no connection one side of the street to the other side of the side of the street to the other side of the street, I street, I had to double the for Rosengartenstrasse had to double the line forline Rosengartenstrasse and and seperated to creat the rhight segments for the seperated them them to creat the rhight segments for the analysis with Depthmap. analysis with Depthmap.
Buecheggplatz
Wipkingerplatz lane Rosengartenstrasse: Two- Twolane Rosengartenstrasse: The new traffic management guarantees a constant Theofnew management guarantees a constant network thetraffic disticts. For this case I could draw network thethe disticts. For this case I could draw the lines like toofrun analysis. the lines like to run the analysis. Becasue this tool is not able to recognize different thisthe toolanalysis is not able to recognize different layersBecasue I splited up into two ( one which layers I splited up the analysis into two ( one which showes the situation above the tunnel and one situation by above one whichshowes showesthe the situation usingthe the tunnel tunnel) and . which showes the situation by using the tunnel) .
Buecheggplatz
Wipkingerplatz Rosengartentunnel: Rosengartentunnel: With this I triedI to runtothe by using Withdrawing this drawing tried runanalysis the analysis by using the tunnel, but the exonerate the the the tunnel, butRosengartentunnel the Rosengartentunnel exonerate Rosengartenstrasse aboveabove whichwhich you can Rosengartenstrasse younot canshow not show in Depthmap, because this tool does not recognize in Depthmap, because this tool does not recognize different layers. different layers.
Buecheggplatz
Wipkingerplatz
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radius/ choice: Current situation at the Rosengartenstrasse I took the streetdata from open street map. Then I worked with Q- GIS and produced a map with all driveable roads by creating filters ( type is not foodpath, type is not hiking trail, type is not....). After that I cleaned it up in Rhinoceros. Then I imported the the cleaned dxf to Depthmap and runned the analysis of the whole city for 2 hours.
e:
Analysis 1
he neighfrom one e street, I asse and nts for the
constant ould draw
e different ne which and one unnel) .
by using nerate the not show recognize
tivity/ no
is which ondition the axis because
Analysis 2 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no radius/ choice: Rosengartentunnel
Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no radius/ choice: Current situation at the Rosengartenstrasse I took the streetdata from open street map. Then I worked with Q- GIS and produced a map with all driveable roads by creating filters ( type is not foodpath, type is not hiking trail, type is not....). After that I cleaned it up in Rhinoceros. Then I imported the the cleaned dxf to Depthmap and runned the analysis of the whole city for 2 hours. Analysis 3 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no radius/ choice: Rosengartentunnel
To analyse the Rosengartentunnel I had to run two seperate analysises. I splited it into one analysis which should show the situation above the new tunnel and into another analysis which should show the condition by using the tunnel. Belowe you can see the analysis of the situation above the tunnel. You see that the axis Hardbr端cke- Buecheggplatz becomes more important and some roads are light- blue in this area, because now they are better connected to each other.
Here you can see the analysis by using the tunnel. The result is a bit unconvincing, because you can not see the importance of the Rosengartenstrasse and how the tunnel exonerates it. Maybe the choosen sector was too small, but to run three times a analysis of the whole Canton it would calculate a long time.
Analysis 2 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no radius/ choice: Rosengartentunnel To analyse the Rosengartentunnel I had to run two seperate analysises. I splited it into one analysis which should show the situation above the new tunnel and into another analysis which should show the condition by using the tunnel. Belowe you can see the analysis of the situation above the tunnel. You see that the axis Hardbr端cke- Buecheggplatz becomes more important and some roads are light- blue in this Analysis 3 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no area, because now they are better connected to each radius/ choice: Rosengartentunnel other. Here you can see the analysis by using the tunnel. The result is a bit unconvincing, because you can not see the importance of the Rosengartenstrasse and how the tunnel exonerates it. Maybe the choosen sector was too small, but to run three times a analysis of the whole Canton it would calculate a long time.
Digital Urban Simulation | Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel
Analysis 3 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ include weighted measures/ angular connectivity/ no radius/ choice: Rosengartentunnel Here you can see the analysis by using the tunnel. The result is a bit unconvincing, because you can not see the importance of the Rosengartenstrasse and how the tunnel exonerates it. Maybe the choosen sector was too small, but to run three times a analysis of the whole Canton it would calculate a long time.
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ich
pthmap rk is not ment the e.
Analysis 4 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ no radius/ choice: Current tram network of Zurich
Analysis 5 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ no radius/ choice: Network with Rosengartentram line
First I draw the whole tram network of Zurich in Rhinoceros. After that I imported the dxf file in Depthmap and runned the analysis. What we see through this analysis is that at the moment the tram network is not well connected in the outer regions of Zurich. The lines are blue there. The line in red is at the moment the most important tram axis. It is the line from the Central through the Bahnhofstrasse to the Bellevue.
The Rosengartentram line connectes the northern part with the western part of the tram network of Zurich. In the analysis you see very well the importance of this linke. This new tram line activates these two parts very much.
Analysis 4 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ no radius/ choice: Current tram network of Zurich First I draw the whole tram network of Zurich in Rhinoceros. After that I imported the dxf file in Depthmap and runned the analysis. What we see through this analysis is that at the moment the tram network is not well connected in the outer regions of Zurich. The lines are blue there. The line in red is at the moment the most important tram axis. It is the line from the Central through the Bahnhofstrasse to the Bellevue. Analysis 5 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ no radius/ choice: Network with Rosengartentram line The Rosengartentram line connectes the northern part with the western part of the tram network of Zurich. In the analysis you see very well the importance of this linke. This new tram line activates these two parts very much.
Digital Urban Simulation | Rosengartentram & Rosengartentunnel
Analysis 5 Space syntax analysis/ angular segment analysis/ no radius/ choice: Network with Rosengartentram line The Rosengartentram line connectes the northern part with the western part of the tram network of Zurich. In the analysis you see very well the importance of this linke. This new tram line activates these two parts very much.
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Conclusions: The angular segment analysis is a good tool for analysing street networks, because it reflects the real street organisation and how someone decide to use which street. It is a good tool to get a better understanding of complex networks. By analysing the smaller and closed tram network it worked very well. To test the Rosengartentunnel I had some problems which I could not solve. For example this tool is not able to recognize different layers and can not calculate the exoneration of a district from a tunnel. An other problem is, that this tool cannot notice different hierarchies of different roads, that is why some lines became red, although this roads in reality are less important , because it is for example a 30 km/h zone and that is why you would use the highway where you can drive faster, although the distance by using the highway is in fact longer ( meters). It also does not recognize one way roads. By choosing the size of the sector you want to analyse you have to pay attention, because if you choose a too small sector you will get a wrong result ( like my in my case by analysing the city the importance of the Rosengartenstrasse was not visible because of that) and if you choose a too big sector it will calculate too many hours. In future I will use this tool for analysing closed, not too big and equal networks which lie all on one layer, because then it provides me with crucial information to support my design. Then I see where is what how important and then I am able to test and compare different designs and developments.
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BT Section Khayelitsha- Urban Relations Student: Emma Paola Flores Herrera
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Summary: Being an informal settlement, BT Section in Khayeltisha has no designed nor planned urban layout, 1 (Spatial Syntex I- Relations leading to having a lack of an urban arrangement that may leadAnalysis to improve the community’s living in in betw conditions. A series of analysis of the spatial arrangement of the shacks, lead to the finding of pathways as well as communal spaces which may be called “courtyards”. The specific characteristics being: a) every shack should face a public space as well as a courtyard (public and semiprivate facades) b) there should be a main pathway in between to an already existing communal space and to a school , both outside and just next to the BT section c) this pathway should have several communal spaces d) there should be other entrances besides the pathway entrances, which should lead to these communal spaces
Analysis 1 (Spatial Syntex I- Relations in in between courtyards and shacks in a convex map): Motivation: Integration The aim of this project is to develop a new well integrated urban layout with specific characterisitics throughout only the process of using a proper isovist analysis. The purpose of this is to analyze how designing with intelligibility correlates integration and connectivity. In order to test and prove this statement, an analysis of the integration and connectivity before and after the design process was Analysis (Spatialbeing Syntex I- Relations in in between and2shacks a convex map): made, all the 1 analysis made with a radius of ‘n’. courtyards Analysis (SpatialinSyntex II- Pathways through
Integration s in in between courtyards and shacks in a convex map):
Connectivity
Analysis 2 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the in an axial map): Integration Connectivity Integration Integration Integration shacks between courtyards and shacks in a convex map):
Analysis 2 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map): Digital Urban Simulation | BT Section Khaye Connectivity Choice
Integration ys in an axial map): shacks Connectivity : through the Connectivity
Connectivity Choice Connectivity
Integration ough the shacks in an axial Simulation map): Connectivity Digital Urban | BT Section Khayeliths- Urban relations Digital Urban Simulation | BT Section Khayeliths- Urban relations Choice Choice
Choice ChoiceConnectivity
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Urban design through isovist analysis): Analysis 3 (Spatial Syntex III ): ough isovist analysis): 3Urban Analysis 3 (Spatial Syntex Analysis III(Spatial design Syntex through III- Urban isovist design analysis): through isovist analysis): ough s): isovist analysis): Digital Urban Digital Urban | BT Section Simulation Khayelitsha| BT Section UrbanKhayelitshadesign relations Urban design relations Simulation
relations itshaUrban design relations Digital Urban Simulation Digital| Urban BT Section Simulation Khayelitsha| BT Section Urban design Khayelitsharelations Urban design relations
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Analysis 3 (Spatial Syntex IV- Isovist anaylisis y proposed plan): Analysis 3 (Spatial Syntex IV- Isovist anaylisis y proposed plan):
Analysis 4 (Spatial Syntex I- Relations in in between courtyards and shacks in a convex map): Analysis 4 (Spatial Syntex I- Relations in in between courtyards and shacks in a convex map): Analysis 4 (Spatial Syntex I- Relations in in between courtyards and shacks in a convex map):
Digital Urban Simulation | BT Section Khayelitsha- Urban relations
shacks in a convex map): Integration Integration
Connectivity Connectivity
Integration
Connectivity
Analysis 5 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map): Analysis 5 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map):
ity
Choice Choice
map): 56
Integration Integration
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Analysis 5 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map): Analysis 5 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map): Analysis 5 (Spatial Syntex II- Pathways through the shacks in an axial map):
vity
l map):
ns
Choice
Integration
Integration Integration
Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity
Digital Urban Simulation | BT Section Khayelitsha- Urban relations Digital Urban Simulation | BT Section Khayelitsha- Urban relations
Choice
Choice
Conclusions Supporting the initial statement, design only with an isovist analysis; lead to have a better integration and connectivity in the design. The new urban layout lead every courtyard to have the same connectivity and choice, and lead every shack in the center to be as integrated as any other. The shacks in the perimeter would remain less integrated as they are facing streets. An analysis of choice was also made but was not relevant for the design intentions, therefore having just the intelligibility process needed for creating proper and equal communal spaces. This analysis also enables, after being made, the possibility of finding with shacks are which courtyard re better located, in case a more develop design should be made, in terms of the location of a workshop or a main communal space. This meaning that these analysis could be taken to it’s last extents, being a never ending cycle which could stop when finding the desired design.
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Commerce and industry of Zurich – An analysis of its transport connection and centrality Student: Irene Urso
Summary: Our design studio analysed three major roads leaving the city: Badenerstrasse from Altstetten (sector 9), Schaffhauserstrassen in Opfikon (sector 11) and Überlandstrasse from Schwamendingen (sector 12). All these streets once were country roads connecting all the small villages, now they are major arterial roads leaving the city and important roads in the agglomeration of Zurich. Old industrial buildings characterize the areas around these former country roads - some are still used and some are just fallow. The deficit of those areas is the fact, that these segments weren’t planed, so they seem to be some land resource, which are highly underused. Since the producing industry and commerce needs a lot of space for its factories and big industry halls, they get more and more chased away out of the city and need the near land next to the city - such as the three areas analysed in the design studio. The analysis are based on these three areas and reflect the street organisations, centrality of these areas and should show the potential of those and the differences between similar organisations in the city itself. Motivation: With the Depthmapx analysis I tried to recognise if there are visible differences between the three areas of the design studio and other situations within the city, if there are differences between central urban spots and suburban agglomeration towns. The analysis should show what the differences between urban street space within the city of Zurich and the (sub-)urban street space of the next agglomeration such as Schlieren are. To do so I compared the situation of the three roads of the design studio with three other areas of commerce and industry within the city - which still exist but are almost extinct. The result of the analysis could be used to develop a strategy to plan the site. After analysing the bigger scale and finding out which are the spots with the highest potential and quality for commerce/industry, I want to use the analysis tool to develop a new urban structure that combines producing industry, with customer-oriented industry and even living spaces. The tool should help organise the new structure offering for each usage the best and most appropriate space and Zurichsituation. cit y a nd its organisa tion: The city of Zurich is divided in twelve sectors / districts. Our design studio analysed three major arterial roads leaving the city: Badenerstrasse from Altstetten (sector 9), Schaffhauserstrassen in Opfikon (sector 11) and Überlandstrasse from Schwamendingen (sector 12). To analyse these streets I compared them to another three areas within the city: Zurich West (sector 5), Zurich Binz (sector 2), Zurich centre (sector 1). For all these 6 areas I run the segment analysis for Integration and Choice.
The city of Zurich is divided in twelve sectors / districts. Our design studio analysed three major arterial roads leaving the city: Badenerstrasse from Altstetten (sector 9), Schaffhauserstrassen in Opfikon (sector 11) and Überlandstrasse from Schwamendingen (sector 12). To analyse these streets I compared them to another three areas within the city: Zurich West (sector 5), Zurich Binz Urban Simulation | Final (sector 60 2), Zurich centre (sector 1). For all these Digital 6 areas I run the segment analysis for Integration and Choice.
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Chair of Information Architecture
Depth mapx – Integration: Segme nt analysis, Depth mapx – Integration: Example 1 – Zurich Centre Segment analysis, Segme nt analysis, (sector 1):1 – Zurich Centre Depthmapx – Integration: Example
Depth mapx – Integration:
Example 1 – Zurich Centre (sector 1): (sector 1): In this example you can see that two Example Zurich roads1 –have theCentre highest value in In this example you can see that two Integration. (sector 1):you can see that two In this example roads have the highest value and in on the leftinis Bahnhofstrasse roads haveThe theroad highest value In this Integration. example you canis see that two the on the right Rämistrasse. Integration. the left isvalue Bahnhofstrasse and roads The haveroad theon highest in TheIntegration. road on the left is Bahnhofstrasse and the on the right is Rämistrasse. theThe on road the right is left Rämistrasse. on the is Bahnhofstrasse and the on the right is Rämistrasse.
Bahnhofstrasse: Bahnhofstrasse: Bahnhofstrasse: Bahnhofstrasse is a very central street and Bahnhofstrasse: probably the most popular and expensive Bahnhofstrasse isAa lot very and Bahnhofstrasse a very central street andstreet road inisisthe City. ofcentral stores, jewellery Bahnhofstrasse a very central street and probably the most popular and expensive probably the popular shops and banksand areexpensive situated along this probably themost most popular and expensive road in the City. A lotjewellery of stores, road in the City. A lot of stores, street. fact of thisjewellery road is road in the City.Another A lot of special stores, jewellery shops and banks are situated along this shops and banks are situated along this shops and banks are situated along this that it’s pedestrian only. Cars can only street. Another special fact of this road is street. Another special fact of this road is street. Another special fact thismajor road is cross the road in ofthe intersections. pedestrian only. Cars can only that it’sit only. pedestrian only. Cars can thatthat it’s it’s pedestrian Cars can only Due to almost straight direction fromonly the cross the road in the major intersections. cross the road in the major intersections. cross the road in the major intersections. main station to the lake it became a very Due itDue almost direction from the tostraight itstraight almost straight direction Due to to it almost from the from the populated anddirection well known boulevard. main station to the lake it became a very main station the lake aitvery became a very main station to the lake to it became populated and well known boulevard. and well known boulevard. populatedpopulated and well known boulevard. Rämistrasse
Rämistrasse
Rämistrasse Rämistrasse Rämistrasse is a road that runs from the Rämistrasse is a road that runs from the university of Zurich and its university universityRämistrasse of andaruns its from university Rämistrasse is aZurich road that is road thatthe from the hospital down toItthe lake. Itruns is also a very hospital down to the lake. is also a very university of Zurich and itsZurich university university of and its university famous and very populated road. A lot of famousdown and very populated road. A alotvery of hospital to the lake.toIt the is also hospital down lake. It is also a very traffic runs traffic runs down thisdown road, this cars,road, trams cars, trams famous and very populated road. A lot of famous and very road. A lot up of and people every daypopulated this road and travel people travel every dayup this road traffic runs down this road, cars, trams traffic runs down this road, cars, trams and down. and down. and people travel everytravel day this road upthis road up and people every day and down.and down.
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
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Segme nt analysis, Depth mapx – Integration : Segme nt nt analysis, Segme analysis, Segment analysis, Example 2 –– Zurich Binz : : Depth mapx Integration Depth – Integration Depthmapx – mapx Integration : (sector 2): Example 2 – Zurich Binz (sector 2): Example 2 –2Zurich Binz Example – Zurich Binz Zurich Binz is a neighbourhood in sector 2 (sector (sector 2): Zurich Binz is2): a neighbourhood in sector 2 and is characterised by old structures used
and is characterised by old structures used for beverage companies and other industry Zurich BinzBinz is a is neighbourhood in sector 2 2 Zurich a neighbourhood in sector forcompanies. beverage companies andbeen other industry There have a lot of and and is characterised by old structures usedused is characterised by old structures companies. There have been a lot of changes in the last years, trying to develop for beverage companies and other industry for beverage companies and other industry changes in the last years, trying to been develop these old structures. Some have re- of companies. There havehave beenbeen a lot of companies. There a lot these old structures. Some have been reused used for innew producers and changes the last years, trying to develop changes in enterprises, the last years, trying to develop forcraftsmen new enterprises, producers and but also for the service sector. these old old structures. Some havehave beenbeen re- rethese structures. Some craftsmen for the service sector. The area lies near the highway and can beand usedused for but new enterprises, producers and for also new enterprises, producers The area lies near the highway and can be craftsmen also for the service sector. reached inbut a few minutes from the main craftsmen but also for the service sector. reached inarea a few the The The area lies near the highway andmain can can be be station. liesminutes near thefrom highway and station. reached in ainfew minutes fromfrom the the mainmain reached a few minutes
station. station. S upe rta nk e r: Structures like this have been re-organised and are home to small Supertanker: S upe rta nk enk r: Shikar thislighting, havehave S upe rta eStructures r: Structures this enterprises like Grouplike or like VB Structures like this have been re-organised been re-organised and are home to small been re-organised and are home to small some rooms are used as showroom and in and are home to small enterprises like Shikar enterprises like Shikar Group or VB lighting, enterprises like Shikar Group or VB lighting, some office spaces are several architects. some rooms are used as showroom and in in Group or VB lighting, some rooms are used some rooms are used as and Even though it seems not toshowroom be very near some office spaces are several architects. some office spaces are several architects. asto showroom and in some office spaces are the centre of the city, this area is very Even though it seems not to be very near though to itEven seems not to be very nearto several architects. it and seems not goodEven connected the though highway to the tovery the centre the city, this area is very tostation the centre of the city, this area is bemain near toofof the centre of the city, this area Zurich. Due to the situationvery good connected to the highway and and to the good connected to to thethe highway to the is itvery connected highway and to hasgood perfect condition for delivery and main station of Zurich. Due to the situation main station of Zurich. Due to the situation the main station the situation supply. In the of lastZurich. year itDue hastodeveloped it has perfect condition delivery and and itperfect has perfect condition for delivery it from has condition for for delivery supply. a space to a creative and and popular supply. In the last last yearyear it has developed supply. In the it has developed Inwork the last yearfor it has developed space space different peoplefrom andawork fromfrom a space to atocreative and and popular a space a creative popular tosectors. a creative and popular work space for differworkwork space for different people and and workwork space for different people ent people and work sectors. sectors. sectors.
Ne w livi ng-ne ig hbou rho od: But like in the rest theng-ne city the need andod: demand Ne w ig hbou rho od: But like like inof in Nelivi wofng-ne livi ig hbou rho But New living-neighbourhood: cheaper living spaces makes itdemand really hard thelike rest ofthe the city thethe need and of of theinrest ofrest the city the need demand But of city theand need and to enforce such spaces for the industry, cheaper living spaces makes it really hard cheaper living spaces makes it really demand of cheaper living spaces makes ithard reparticularly for such the manufacturing trade. to enforce such spaces for the industry, to enforce spaces for the industry, ally hard once to enforce such spaces for the indusWhere were halls now are particularly for theindustrial manufacturing trade. particularly for the manufacturing trade. try, particularly for the manufacturing trade. new houses. Thewere City of Zurich built Where onceonce were industrial hallshalls nowthese are are Where industrial now Where once were industrial halls now are new with the intent to provide cheaper housing. newnew houses. The City City of Zurich built these houses. The of Zurich built these houses. City Zurichcheaper built these with the withwith theThe intent to of provide housing. the intent to provide cheaper housing.
intent to provide cheaper housing.
Image: Old industry halls Image: Old industry halls halls Image: Old industry
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and and industry, its transport connection and and centrality Digital Simulation | Analysis of commerce industry, its transport connection centrality Urban
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Chair of Information Architecture
Segme nt analysis, Depth mapx – Integration :
Segme nt analysis,
Segme nt analysis, Segment analysis, Depth mapx – Integration : Depthmapx – mapx Integration : 3 – Zurich Example Depth – Integration : We st Example 3 –(sector Zurich West Example 3 – 5) Zurich We st (sector 5) Example 3 – Zurich We st (sectorred5)and orange lines The horizontal are roads Thethe orange lines a (sector 5)horizontal that come from highwaysred andand continue roads that come from the highways a The horizontal redthe and orange linescity. are as main roads towards centre of the The horizontal red and orange lines are roads that come from the highways and continue main isroads towards t The one in the diagonalas direction the Hardroads that come fromroads the The highways and continue as main towards the centre of the city. one in brücke, a bridge that connects Zurich West the diagon continue as city. main roads the centre direction of the The one intowards the diagonal the Hardbrücke, a bridge th with the Highway in allisThe directions. centre of the city. one in the diagonal direction is the Hardbrücke, a bridge that connects Zurich West with the Highway direction the Hardbrücke, a bridge thatin connectsisZurich West with the Highway all directions. connects Zurich West with the Highway in all directions.
all directions. P fiengsw idstra This street P fi ngsw idstraesse: Thissse: street leads us leads Pfrom fi ngsw e idstra sse: This street leads us from the Highway directly into Zurich We the Highway directly into Zurich West from the Highway directly into Zurich West and this neighbourhood. and old thisindustry old industry neighbourhoo and old industry neighbourhood. Thesethis old industrial infrastructures are These old industrial infrastructures a These old industrial infrastructures are partly still in usage but mostly have been partly still in usage but mostly have be Pfingsweidstrasse: partly still into in usage mostly been changed somebut event halls,have provisional This street leads us from the Highway directly changed into some event halls, provision changed intothey some halls, and provisional usages or justevent lie fallow wait to into Zurich West and this old industry neighusages or they just lie fallow and wait usages or they for justnew lie fallow and wait to be demolished infrastructures. bourhood. These old be demolished for infrastructures new infrastructures. be demolished forindustrial new infrastructures. are partly still in usage but mostly have been Ha rdtu rmstra sse: Like Pfingweidstrasse Ha rdtu rm stra sse: Like Pfingweidstrasse changed some provisional Ha rdtuevent rmstra Like Pfingweidstras thisinto road leads from halls, thesse: Highway directly this road leads from the Highway directly usages or they just lie fallow and wait to be of past Zurich West leads and towards the heart this road from the Highway direc past Zurich West and towards the heart of the City, the main station of Zurich. demolished for new infrastructures. Hardturmpast Zurich West and towards the heart the Like City, Pfingweidstrasse the main station of Zurich. strasse: roadofleads the City, the main this station Zurich. De Highway vel opm e nt: In some parts of this area from the directly past Zurich West De vel opm ehave nt: In some parts ofthese this area investors developed old and towards thevel heart of the City, the main De opm e nt: In some parts of this ar investors have developed these old structures by tearing them down and stationstructures of Zurich. bymetropolitan tearing down and investors havethem developed building new infrastructure asthese o building new metropolitan infrastructure as structures by Tower tearing for example the Prime and them his areadown a for example the Prime Tower and his area building new metropolitan around. The industry has not onlyinfrastructure been around. The industry has not only been mostlyforsent away, the prices have example the Prime Tower and his ar mostly sent away, the prices have Development: increased so drastically that every small around. The industry has not only be increased drastically thatstay every smallall In some parts ofsothis area investors have enterprise struggles to and mostly sent toaway, the prices ha enterprise and all developed these struggles old structures byindustry tearing structures of the formerstay are increased soformer drastically that ofthethe industry areevery sm fightingand withbuilding pressure of the investors. them structures down new metropolitan fightingenterprise with the pressure of the investors. struggles to stay and
infrastructure as for example the Prime Tower structures of the former industry a and his area around. The industry has not fighting with the the pressure the investors only been mostly sent away, prices of have increased so drastically that every small enterprise struggles to stay and all structures of the former industry are fighting with the pressure of the investors.
Image: Prime Tower, Gigon & Guyer Image: Prime Tower, Gigon & Guyer
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Image: Prime Tower, Gigon & Gu
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality Digital Urban Simulation | Final project documentation 63
Segme Segment nt analysis, analysis, Depth Depthmapx mapx ––
Segment analysis, Depthmapx – Integration: Integration: Integration: Example 4 – Altstetten-Schlieren Example 44 –– Altstetten Example Altstetten-Schliere -Schlierenn (sector 9)
(sector (sector 9) Segme nt 9) analysis, Depth mapx – Badenerstrasse: The street pointed out by the Integration: Ba ne sse: out yellow arrow is Badenerstrasse, which runs Bade de nerstra rstra sse:The Thestreet street pointed pointed outby by the the Example 4 – Altstetten -Schliere n yellow arrow is Badenerstrasse, which runs from from the city through the whole Limmattal and yellow arrow is Badenerstrasse, which runs from the Limmattal (sector 9)through connects all the small the cities and villages up to and the city city through the whole whole Limmattal and
connects cities Baden. Thisall road issmall very it has up connects all the the smallheterogenic, cities and and villages villages up toto Ba de ne rstra sse: The street pointed out by the Baden. This road is very heterogenic, it has a a high traffic volume, theheterogenic, right side (picBaden. This road ison very it has ahigh high yellow arrow is Badenerstrasse, which runs from traffic volume, on the right side (picture) ture) are mostly living homes and some small traffic volume, on the right side (picture) are are the cityand through the and whole Limmattal and and mostly living some small stores, stores, on homes the left side there are mostly mostly living homes and some small stores, and connects all the cities andofvillages up to on left there are industry buildings industry and leftovers the former onthe thebuildings leftside sidesmall there aremostly mostly industry buildings Baden. This road is very heterogenic, it has a high and andleftovers leftoversofofthe theformer formerWagon-factory. Wagon-factory. Wagon-factory. traffic volume, on the right side (picture) are mostly living homes and some small stores, and on the left side there are mostly industry buildings and leftovers of the former Wagon-factory. Be Bern rnerst erstra rasse sse: : The The upper upper road road (white (white arrow) arrow) Bernerstrasse: instead is the Bernerstrasse. It’s a parallel street instead the (white Bernerstrasse. It’s a isparallel The upper isroad arrow) instead the street but with mostly pass by traffic and but with mostly pass by traffic and heavy heavy Bernerstrasse. It’s a parallel street but with transport. This road is characterised by transport. This characterised by the the Be rn erst ra sse : traffic Theroad upper road (white arrow) mostly pass by and isheavy transport. Gaswerk, where the old halls and for example the Gaswerk, where the old halls and for example instead is the Bernerstrasse.byIt’s parallel street the This road is characterised thea Gaswerk, old water tower are and of course the Gaswerk oldwith water are and of course the Gaswerk but by example traffic and heavy where the mostly oldtower hallspass and for the old itself. This is also an industry area where itself. This is also an industry area where big transport. This characterised by the big water tower are road and ofiscourse the Gaswerk logistic centres and companies are situated. logistic centres and companies situated. Gaswerk, old halls and forare example itself. Thiswhere is alsothean industry area where bigthe The difference between this area and the old water tower and arebetween and of course the Gaswerk The difference this are area and the area area logistic centres companies situated. around that itself. This isthe alsoBadenerstrasse an industry area is, where big the around the Badenerstrasse is, that The difference between this area and the area the Badenerstrasse lies the centres logistic centres and companies are situated. Badenerstrasse lies between between the Badencentres ofof around the Badenerstrasse is, that the The difference between this and area andBernerstrasse the area Altstetten and Schlieren Altstetten Schlieren and the the Bernerstrasse erstrasse liesand between the centres of that Altstetten around the Badenerstrasse is, the very lacks any kind of centre but is instead lacks any kind of centre but is instead very and Schlieren and thebetween Bernerstrasse lacks any Badenerstrasse lies the centres of isolated, even though well connected. isolated, even though well connected. kind of centre is instead even Altstetten and but Schlieren and very the isolated, Bernerstrasse though well connected. lacks any kind of centre but is instead very isolated, even though well connected.
Digital DigitalUrban UrbanSimulation Simulation | | Analysis Analysisofofcommerce commerceand andindustry, industry,its itstransport transportconnection connectionand andcentrality centrality
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Segme analysis, Depthmapx Segment nt analysis, Depthmapx – Integration:– Integration: Example 5 & 56 –&Opfikon (sector 11)(sec and Schwamendingen (sector 12) Example 6 – Opfikon and Schwamendingen (sector 12) Segme nt analysis, Depthmapxtor– 11) Integration:
Überlandstrasse: This road is also an old land road that originally connected the small villages in the Example &During – the Opfikon (sec tor Schwamendingen (sector neighbourhood. last Schwamendingen has grown and developed tovillages a garden Übe rla nd st ra5sse : 6This road is 50 alsoyears an old land 11) road and that originally connected the small in12) the city neighbourhood. During the last 50 years Schwamendingen has grown and developed to a garden city Übethe rla nd st ra sse : Thiscuts road is also and anand old land road that originally connected thethe villages the and the Überlandstrasse cutsthrough through isolates the strip on northern side ofsmall the road. Due and Überlandstrasse isolates the strip on thethe northern side of road. Due tointo this neighbourhood. During the last years Schwamendingen developed to a garden city this big border the strip hasbeen not 50 been developed andahas a has lot ofgrown potential the producing compabig border the strip has not developed and has lot of potential forand thefor producing companies and and the Überlandstrasse cuts through and isolates the strip on the northern side of the road. Due to this industry. nies and industry.
big border the strip has not been developed and has a lot of potential for the producing companies and industry.
S ch affha user stra sse : Schaffhauserstrasse is a parallel street to the Thurgauerstrasse, which is known Schaffhauserstrasse: a parallel the Thurgauerstrasse, is known for the Glattpark, a Schaffhauserstrasse new neighbourhoodis that has street been to developed in the last which 10 years. The S ch affha user stra sse : Schaffhauserstrasse is a parallel street to the Thurgauerstrasse, which is known Schaffhauserstrasse is very heterogenic,that being by inbigger for the Glattpark, a new neighbourhood has characterised been developed the lastInfrastructures 10 years. Theof research for the Glattpark, ais new neighbourhood that has beenbuildings. developed in difference the last of 10between years. the The institutions, old small livingheterogenic, houses, and old industry Schaffhauserstrasse very being characterised by bigger The Infrastructures research Schaffhauserstrasse isliving very heterogenic, characterised byroad bigger Infrastructures of research Schaffhauserstrasse thehouses, Überlandstrasse is that inbuildings. Opfikon the is situated in thethe centre and in institutions, old smalland and oldbeing industry The difference between institutions, old small living houses, and old industry buildings. The difference between the Schwamendigen on the edge. Schaffhauserstrasse and the Überlandstrasse is that in Opfikon the road is situated in the centre and Schaffhauserstrasse and the Überlandstrasse is that in Opfikon the road is situated in the centre and in in Schwamendigen on the edge. Schwamendigen on the edge.
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
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Segment analysis, Depthmapx – Choice: Zurich street net:
As the Choice analysis shows all these three areas lie not only near important streets, but actually around these roads. They are situated between the city and the highway connections. After the City has developed to a very dense populated area, these three agglomerations-cities have the best po tential for the industry that needs space for their infrastructures so urgently. Even though the city has a denser grid and therefore the streets have a higher connectivity respectively to the outlying spots of the agglomeration, out you can see that the(Altstett centre of the has not the:highest choice Isovist analysis,zooming Depthmapx – Choice: en)citySc hlieren value but the roads on the edge or as the tree example even out of the city instead. So confronting those kind of enterprises that need the contact with the customer and those which need space for their production you can find for each the better location.
As the Choice analysis shows all these three areas lie not only near important streets, but actually around these roads. They are situated between the city and the highway connections. After the City has developed to a very dense populated area, these three agglomerations-cities have the best potential for the industry that needs space for their infrastructures so urgently. Even though the city has a denser grid and therefore the streets have a higher connectivity respectively to the outlying spots of the agglomeration, zooming out you can see that the centre of the city has not the highest choice value but the roads on the edge or as the tree example even out of the city instead. So confronting those kind of enterprises that need the contact with the customer and those which need space for their production you can find for each the better location. Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
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Chair of Information Architecture
Due to the choice analysis of the street net, the area of Schlieren should be subdivided in zones for the producing industry sector and the customer oriented industry sector: Due to Areas the choice street net, thehere areaBernerstrasse: of Schlieren should be has subdivided that lieanalysis aroundof thethe important road, Location the bestin zones for the producing sector from and the potential forindustry big company thecustomer producingoriented industryindustry sector sector: Areas thatlielieon around the important road, here Bernerstrasse: Location hasbest the best Area that secondary roads, here Badenerstrasse: Location has the potential company fromfrom the producing industry sector potential for for big smaller company the customer oriented industry sector Digital Urban Analysis of roads, commerce andBadenerstrasse: industry, its transport connection Area Simulation that lieIntegration on |secondary Location hasand thecentrality best Conclusions of the and Choicehere Analysis: potential for smaller company from the customer oriented industry sector In every of the six situations the Integration analysis shows that despite which kind of commerce and Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality industry it is, their location is always surrounded by well connected street system or as in the three neighbourhoods of the design studio they even developed to be along these roads. Despite the development of the industry in the last decades, the big industry infrastructures were once built were the bigger infrastructure was, they were built near the highway entry or exit, along the riverside, or where the train station were. But cities like Zurich have spread in Switzerland, growing and absorbing all these smaller cities and towns. What once was the border of the agglomeration and where the industry was located are now big centres with living structures, working places, and research conglomerations. And the pressure of housing demand and the high prices of land and rental fees make it impossible for the industry companies to survive in the city. But because it’s important to have them and because they can contribute to a qualitative and heterogenic environment the city has to ensure that the last spots that still exist will be preserved and that this companies find space in the vicinity of the city, that is the agglomeration towns like the three examples – Altstetten/Schlieren, Opfikon and Schwamendingen. The Integration analysis showed, that where the infrastructure is and where it lies central, there you can always find uses that need exactly these properties. So for example, you can find the expensive and exclusive shops at Badenerstrasse, you have the University Campus with its hospital at Rämistrasse, Zurich West has developed due to its very good location and mostly important due to its good connection, to a new centre with skyscrapers and expensive flats. But infrastructure is also attractive or substantial for the industry and big companies. The difference between these two situations is though that stores and shops need to be near the customers and big industry companies need to be easily attainable. The Choice analysis shows exactly this difference. So the advantage of these three areas (Altstetten-Schlieren, Opfikon, Schwamendingen) is that their central roads not only have a high choice value, but also that they run through this neighbourhoods, providing a perfect location for the companies and simplifying their supply.
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Segme nt analysis, Depthmapx – Integration: (Altstett en) Sc hlieren : Segment nt analysis, Depthmapx – Integration:–(Altstetten) Schlieren: Segme analysis, Depthmapx Integration: (Altstett en) Sc hlieren :
The spot in the circle should be improved by planning new roads: first a deliver-road in the back, where theinrailways are should and secondly vertical by roads between each complot. The spot the circle be improved planning new roads: first a deliver-road in the back, where the railways are and secondly vertical roads between each complot. The spot in the circle should be improved by planning new roads: first a deliver-road in the back, where the railways are and secondly vertical roads between each complot.
The Integration analysis doesn’t show any difference for the Badenerstrasse unfortunately. But it The Integration analysis doesn’t show anyto difference for theone. Badenerstrasse unfortunately. But it changes the value for the Bernerstrasse a even higher changes the value for the doesn’t Bernerstrasse higherfor one. The Integration analysis show to anya even difference the Badenerstrasse unfortunately. But it changes the value for the Bernerstrasse to a even higher one. Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
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Chair of Information Architecture
Isovist analysis, Depthmapx – Conn ectivity: (Altstett en) Sc hlieren : Isovist analysis, Depthmapx – Connectivity: (Altstetten) Schlieren:
The Isovist analysis shows that in this spot the Badenerstrasse has a better connectivity than in other partsanalysis of the street. should be Badenerstrasse used to implement structure that should The Isovist showsThis that fact in this spot the has new a better connectivity than inserve other to integrate customer orientet industry and commerce in combination with use.to integrate partsIsovist of the street. This fact should used to implement new structure that shouldconnectivity serve The analysis shows that inbethis spot the Badenerstrasse has a residential better than in The Isovist analysis of before and after this intervention shows that it doesn’t change much customer orientet and fact commerce combination with residential use. The that Isovist analysis of the other parts of the industry street. This shouldinbe used to implement new structure should serve to situation in the spot, but it changes the situation in the lower part, where the value rises relatively before and after this intervention shows that it doesn’t change much the situation in the spot, but it integrate customer orientet industry and commerce in combination with residential use. due to the changes theintervention. situation of in the lower part, where value risesshows relatively dueit to the intervention. The Isovist analysis before and after thisthe intervention that doesn’t change much the situation in the spot, but it changes the situation in the lower part, where the value rises relatively due to the intervention.
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
Digital Urban Simulation | Analysis of commerce and industry, its transport connection and centrality
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Applying the Solar Envelope Concept to the Reorganization and Massing of the Hunziker Areal with Grasshopper-Geco and Ecotect Student: Marc Lallemand
Summary: The Solar Envelope concept provides geometrical guidance for the organization and massing of developments areas such as the Hunziker Areal in Zürich. The solar envelope bounds the massing of buildings and can be used to help justify angular designs which celebrate solar angles. This concept can be neatly examined using the tools presented in the Digital Urban Simulation course. When this method was applied to the reorganization and massing of the Hunziker Areal a reduction in the shaded footprint of 26% was achieved when measured at 9.00 and 15.00 at the winter solstice as compared to the as-planned Areal. In order to demonstrate that the solar envelope concept can be applied without a complete redesign of the Areal, the individual footprints of the as-planned buildings where held constant but simply reorganized relative to one another, and then extruded to acceptable heights and cut according to the solar envelope. In doing so, massing of 6% less constructable volume of the Areal was obtained. Optimally, when applying such a concept from scratch the footprint of each building would be designed to fit the environment and in doing so would be less limited in the total constructable volume. The Grasshopper-Geco plugin worked well for this type of organization and massing exercise. Additional design support was accessed directly in Ecotect however the software was not able to produce heavy visualizations as desired. Specifically, part of the motivation for this work was not achieved due to limitations in the Ecotect software. This was to produce a visualization of the cumulative sun (LUX) incident on the façades of the proposed building volumes. In order to attempt this a tool was developed in grasshopper to produce and control the meshed surfaces of the mass model. It was not possible however for Ecotect to compute a visualization based on a mesh with adequate granularity. Instead a visualization of the Areal ground plate using an Ecotect grid was computed. From the reMotivation: sults one is able to visually compare the shading in the as-planned to the reorganized Areal design. Exact numbers regarding the shaded area were calculated using Grasshopper-Geco.
e Reorganization and Massing of the d Ecotect
Final examination
can
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e aImage Source: http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-03-26/solar-envelope-how-heat-and-cool-cities-without-fossil-fuels
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Motivation: II am analysis andand optimization of entities withinwithin the boundaries of a given aminterested interestedininthe theorganization, organization, analysis optimization of entities the boundaries of a environment. This was the basis for choosing to analyse the development of the 13 buildings of the Hunziker given environment. This was the basis for choosing to analyse the development of the 13 buildings of Areal in Zürich,Areal by applying parametric tools.parametric tools. I also wish to explore architectural design the Hunziker in Zürich, by applying strategies which are based on simple and understandable geometries. This was the choice for the I also wish to explore architectural design strategies which are based on simple and understandable geomeanalysis of the Solar Envelope concept developed by Ralph Knowles at the University of Southern tries. This was the choice for the analysis of the Solar Envelope concept developed by Ralph Knowles at the California. The forms generated by the solar envelope are angular in nature, celebrating the solar anUniversity of Southern California. The forms generated by the solar envelope are angular in nature, celebratgles, in opposition toopposition the standard urban grid, urban whichgrid, makes it architecturally interesting ing thethough solar angles, though in to the standard which makes it architecturally interfor examination. Furthermore the solar envelope has the potential to achieve simplicity by passively esting for examination. Furthermore the solar envelope has the potential to achieve simplicity by passively makingbuildings buildingsmore moreefficient efficientinin their environment thereby reducing the need for additional making their environment andand thereby reducing the need for additional activeactive building systems. building systems. Finally, I was motivated to find a simple parametric methodology in order to visualize the incident sun on the Ifaçades of the to proposed building so thatmethodology one could easily determine thethe expected Finally, was motivated find a simple parametric in order to visualize incidentsun sunat oneach the window position. façades of the proposed building so that one could easily determine the expected sun at each window position. 72
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Chair of Information Architecture
Hunziker Areal Relative Location
Actu
Areal Situation Hunziker Areal Relative Location
Area Areal Situation
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6 Geschosse / 19.2m
(zu Parking ca. 190 PP)
6 Geschosse / 19.2m 3.50
7 Geschosse / 22.1m
2 PP IV
6.00
Rampe 5.0m
Zufahrtsweg 4m (Privat)
sweg
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Zufahrtsstrasse mit Mittelspur- streifen / Velo 5.5m (Privat) Trottoir 2m
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12 PP Besucher
5 Geschosse / 16.3m
Wegabstand 3.5m
üterum
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand 3.50
7 Geschosse / 22.1m
4.00
Restaurant
3.50
Rad- und Gehweg 3.5m Wegabstand 3.5m
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3.5m
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Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand / DL
eg 4m
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projekt 1 baugenossenschaft mehr als wohnen
Actual Site Plan
Andreasstrasse
Situationsplan Mst. 1:1000 Strassen- und Wegprofile
Areal Volumed
Planstand 10.12.2009 / kma
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Architektengemeinschaft DUPLEX architekten und ::FUTURAFROSCH:: Wengistr. 31, 8004 Zürich, T 043 541 60 20, E mail@duplex-architekten.ch
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Andreasstrasse Andreasstrasse
Areal Volumed Volumed Areal
Situationsplan Mst. 1:1000 Situationsplan Mst. 1:1000 Strassen- und Wegprofile Strassen- und Wegprofile Planstand 10.12.2009 / kma Planstand 10.12.2009 / kma Architektengemeinschaft DUPLEX architekten und ::FUTURAFROSCH:: Wengistr. 31, 8004 Zürich, T 043 541 60 20, E mail@duplex-architekten.ch Architektengemeinschaft DUPLEX architekten und ::FUTURAFROSCH:: Wengistr. 31, 8004 Zürich, T 043 541 60 20, E mail@duplex-architekten.ch
Areal Volumed South Elevation South Elevation
Actual Site Plan
Shadow Ranges According to City Grid Shadow Ranges According to City Grid
City Grid Source: http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-03-26/solar-envelope-how-heat-and-cool-cities-without-fossil-fuels
Winter Solstice Shadow Projections on Building I 74
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Chair of Information Architecture
Winter Solstice Shadow Projections on Building I
Optimal Orientation of Buildings for Reduced Shadow Area
As-planned Grid and Building Characteristic Angles As-planned Grid andShadow Building Projections Characteristicon Angles Winter Solstice Building I
Optimal Orientation of Buildings for Reduced Shadow Area
City Grid Source: http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-03-26/solar-envelope-how-heat-and-cool-cities-without-fossil-fuels
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand
As-planned of Grid and Building Characteristic Angles Reorganization Buildings by aligning to Optimal Orientation Reorganization of Buildings by aligning to Optimal Orientation
Reorganization of Buildings by aligning to Optimal Orientation
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Volume Extrusion of Reorganized Buildings with Maximum Height of 22.1m
Fina
Volume Extrusion of Reorganized Buildings with Maximum Height of 22.1m
Solar Altitude Angle forms the Cutting Operator - Exact vector calculated in Grasshopper
View
Solar Altitude Angle forms the Cutting Operator - Exact vector calculated in Grasshopper
View
View
View
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand
Solar Altitude Angle forms the Cutting Operator - Exact vector calculated in Grasshopper
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Chair of Information Architecture
Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 9.00 Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 9.00
Final Volumes of the Reorganized Hunziker Areal according to the Solar Envelope Concept
Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 9.00
Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 15.00 Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 9.00
Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 15.00 Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 15.00
Winter Solstice Shadow Range Analysis 9.00 to 15.00 as Reorganized Viewed from Winter Solstice Sun Position at 15.00
Winter Solstice Shadow Range Analysis 9.00 to 15.00 as Reorganized
Winter Solstice Insolation Analysis as-planned
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planned Analysis nge Analysisas-planned 9.00 to 15.00 as Reorganized
Winter Solstice Shadow Snapshot as Reorganized Winter Solstice Shadow- Areal Snapshot - Areal as Reorg Winter Solstice Insolation Analysis as Reorganized Winter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as-planned
ter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as Reorganized
nter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as-planned Reorganized Winter Solstice Insolation Analysis as-planned Analysis as Reorganized
Winter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as Reorganized Winter Solstice Insolation Analysis
as Reorganized
nalysis as-planned
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lalleman Difference in Shadow Area Snapshot Difference in Shadow Area Snapshot
nalysis as Reorganized
Winter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as-planned
nter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as Reorganized erence in Shadow Area Snapshot
Winter Solstice Shadow Snapshot - Areal as Reorganized
Difference in Shadow Area Snapshot
156.204 / 211.260 = /74 % ; Reduction shaded area 156.204 211.260 = 74 % ; inReduction in s
Difference in Shadow Area Snapshot
Envelope - Marc Lallemand on | Solar Concept EnvelopeHunziker ConceptAreal Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand 156.204 / 211.260 = 74 % ; Reduction in shaded area by 26%
n | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand
ifference in Shadow Area Snapshot
156.204 / 211.260 = = 74 % ; Reduction in shaded area 26% 156.204 / 211.260 74 % ; Reduction in byshaded area by 26% fference in Constructable Volume Difference in Constructable Volume
156.204 / 211.260 = 74 % ; Reduction in shaded area by 26%
242.462 / 258.882 = 94 % ; Loss of constructable volume of 6%
242.462 / 258.882 = 94 % ; Loss of constructable volume of 6%
Limitations: Limitations were encountered when trying to produce a visualization of the cumulative sun (LUX) incident on the faรงades of the proposed building volumes. In order to attempt this a tool in Grasshopper was developed to produce and control the meshed surfaces mitations: of the mass model. Once imported into Ecotect it was not possible to compute the Insolation for such a detailed mesh. Less detailed meshes were also attempted, as well as individual faรงades of the model at a time though it was not possible to generate sensical and communicative visualizations. when trying to produce a visualization of the cumulative sun (LUX) incident mitations were encountered
on e faรงades of the proposed building volumes. In order to attempt this a tool in Grasshopper was developed produce and control the meshed surfaces of the mass model. Once imported into Ecotect it was not possi78 Digital Urban Simulation | Final project documentation e to compute the Insolation for such a detailed mesh. Less detailed meshes were also attempted,iA as well as dividual faรงades of the model at a time though it was not possible to generate sensical and communicative Chair of Information Architecture
- The - Thi - The - The - In t buil - Eco
Furt
Thro bee each
Meshed Model Based on Grasshopper Tool
Ecotect Non-logical Results
Digital Urban Simulation | Solar Envelope Concept Hunziker Areal - Marc Lallemand
on ed ossil as ive Ecotect Non-logical Results Conclusions:
- The Geco plugin for Grasshopper brings the power of Ecotect into Rhino for modelling and massing - This toolset allows one to neatly analyse the solar envelope concept Conclusions: TheGeco solarplugin envelope is a validbrings design reduce shaded area ofmassing a development --The for Grasshopper themethodology power of Ecotectto into Rhino for modelling and The solar envelope concept generates angular aesthetics, celebrating solar angles - This toolset allows one to neatly analyse the solar envelope concept --The solarHunziker envelope isAreal a validexample, design methodology to reduce shaded area ofcould a development In the loss in constructable volume be avoided by modifying the individual - The solar envelope concept generates angular aesthetics, celebrating solar angles building footprints to fit the environment - In the Hunziker Areal example, loss in constructable volume could be avoided by modifying the individual - Ecotect provides design insight, though struggles with producing heavy visualizations building footprints to fit targeted the environment - Ecotect provides targeted design insight, though struggles with producing heavy visualizations Further Explorations of the Hunziker Areal: Through the motivations and the development of the assignment certain ideas for further exploration have been developed. For one, as Explorations of interesting the Hunziker Areal: aFurther design strategy it would be to define the bounding envelope of each building according to the solar angles however modulated by the proximity to neighbouring buildings. It would also be interesting to redesign the footprint of each building in order to fully implement version of the Spanish which is fitting the environment of certain the Areal,ideas ratherfor than holdingexploration the building footprints Throughathe motivations andgrid thesystem development of the assignment further have constant as was done in the example. been developed. For one, as a design strategy it would be interesting to define the bounding envelope of Finally, it would also be worthwhile to find a methodology to successfully visualize the cumulative sun (LUX) on the surfaces of the buildeach building according towithout the solar angles however bywindow the proximity neighbouring buildings. ing volume. This would allow one much effort to say how modulated much sun each position ontothe facade would receive.
It would also be interesting to redesign the footprint of each building in order to fully implement a version of the Spanish grid system whichDigital is fitting the environment Areal, rather than holding the building foot- 79 Urban Simulation of | the Final project documentation prints constant as was done in the example.
It wo the prin
Fina on t wind
BT Section Student: Thijs van der Lely
over the Cape Flats. These Townships are know to be extremly dangerous and have been known to be ur se one of the most voilent places in the world as one of its murder capitals. The lack of structure in the urban plan is one of ther reasons why there is little to do for police and control ur fromSummary: the community them selves. he The BT section in Khayalitsha, South Africa is a part of the big network of Townships that have Thespread shacksout have been of plot areas through squatting a location building up Fo over thescatterd Cape Flats. These Townships are know on to be extremlyand dangerous andthere havehouses. been th Through this urban plan has become network streets that can not be controlled and known to proces be one the of the most voilent places inathe world of assmall one of its murder capitals. ur a vast alleys and corners Thenumber lack of of structure in the urbanwhere plan ispeople one ofcan therhide. reasons why there is little to do for police and do control from the community them selves. TheThe taskshacks of the design studio was toofrethink the way the houses have built and find out ifup there is a have been scatterd plot areas through squatting on been a location building there wayhouses. to, through design solve aspects of security of the inhabitants, create clear structure in the urban To Through this proces the urban plan has become a network of small streets that can not beplan pl andcontrolled think about social control. and a vast number of alleys and corners where people can hide. The task of the design studio was to rethink the way the houses have been built and find out if there Al is a way to, through design solve aspects of security of the inhabitants, create clear structure in the Motivation: be urban plan and think about social control. d out To understand the problems that are related to the security situation and the lack of structure in the current w be urban plan the use of digital analysis tools can have a big impact. Durring this reaseach project I want to an see if it is possible to use these tools as a means of understanding and pinpointing the problems in the Bu ntrol urban plan and its lack of hierachie in the streets and it beinig a clear plan as well as see if the tools can w help me as a tool that can be used to test idears and see if they are a starting point for finding a solution.
ouses. and
sa plan
For me a important part of using these tools to understand the situation and helping to find a solution is that it will not drive to a conclusion but mearly recommend paths that can be taken to create a more clear urban plan. As the BT section will always be heavily influenced by inhabitants that do not rely on a topdown approach it is import to understand bottom up logic to genarate a more clear urban situation. To do so I will genarete a design strategy built up out of local rules of interaction between agents in the plan to genarate a global smarter system that may impact to more structure and a clearer urban plan.
Also it is important too use the human reaction to a plan and use a commen sence approach that can not be linked to a algorithm. At the start of the project the community will always contriubute to the project and will start with a negotion of space. The point where a negotiation can start is what I aim to achieve through an algorithm. From this point the human interaction to the plan will start and will influence the final layout. But due to the starting point already beining related to rules that genarate a basic clear plan the outcome will always be more clear then if this was not the case.
Digital Urban | Name BT Section;Simulation “unsafe� due to chaotic urban planof the project and no social control of undefined space.
BT Section; Additions of courtyards to create sociale control on space.
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Motivation: To understand the problems that are related to the security situation and the lack of structure in the current urban plan the use of digital analysis tools can have a big impact. Durring this reaseach project I want to see if it is possible to use these tools as a means of understanding and pinpointing the problems in the urban plan and its lack of hierachie in the streets and it beinig a clear plan as well as see if the tools can help me as a tool that can be used to test idears and see if they are a starting point for finding a solution. For me a important part of using these tools to understand the situation and helping to find a solution is that it will not drive to a conclusion but mearly recommend paths that can be taken to create a more clear urban plan. As the BT section will always be heavily influenced by inhabitants that do not rely on a topdown approach it is import to understand bottom up logic to genarate a more clear urban situation. To do so I will genarete a design strategy built up out of local rules of interaction between agents in the plan to genarate a global smarter system that may impact to more structure and a clearer urban plan. Also it is important too use the human reaction to a plan and use a commen sence approach that can not be linked to a algorithm. At the start of the project the community will always contriubute to the project and will start with a negotion of space. The point where a negotiation can start is what I aim to achieve through an algorithm. From this point the human interaction to the plan will start and will influence the final layout. But due to the starting point already beining related to rules that genarate a basic clear plan the outcome will always be more clear then if this was not the case.
Analysis Current Situation: BT Section; Design Strategy; Urban Simulation Analysis in combination with Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm
Depthmap; Special Isovist Occlusivity Analysis;
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Depthmap; Special Isovist Occlusivity Analysis; Current Situation BT Section.
om-Up Rules; Backbone:
Section; Through Backbone the building proces can start without already taking down shacks. r the backbone is introduced the shacks use it as construction and firebreak.
Special Perseption Understandable
Confusing
ttom-Up Rules; Backbone:
Section; Through Backbone the building proces can start without already taking down shacks. er the backbone is introduced the shacks use it as construction and firebreak.
Digital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
Section; Through Backbone the building proces can start without already taking down shacks. er the backbone is introduced the shacks use it as construction and firebreak. s Shift will clear up land to be used for gardening.
T Section; Through Backbone the building proces can start without already taking down shacks. ter the backbone is introduced the shacks use it as construction and firebreak. his Shift will clear up land to be used for gardening.
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Bottom-Up Rules; Main street: Through intergration of a hierachy of roads the plan will have a clear seperation between public and more private spaces.
Gr
Gr By bo ha
The hierachy is made through a main plaza in the center of the new BT section leading up to the schoolyard on the oppisite side of the road.
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Grasshopper; Self Organizing Through Backbone.
asshopper; Decoding Spaces; Isovist Occlusivisity using the Decoding Spaces grasshopper tool i was able to spot where would be the best choice to start the implimentation of the backne. Because of the occoltivity map works by showing which area´s have most range of view it can be understood as that these areas can ve the longest streets behind it. So by starting here the backbone can grow the furthest without the need to deconstruct shacks. Grasshopper; Backbone starting point.
Grasshopper; Decoding Spaces; Isovist Occlusivisity By using the Decoding Spaces grasshopper tool i was able to spot where would be the best choice to start the implimentation of bone. Because of the occoltivity map works by showing which area´s have most range of view it can be understood as that these have the longest streets behind it. So by starting here the backbone can grow the furthest without the need to deconstruct shack
Grasshopper; Evolutionary solver set up.
Special Persepti
Good visib
Bad visibili
1
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asshopper; Backbone starting point.
Grasshopper; Evolutionary solver at work.
asshopper; Evolutionary solver set up.
Grasshopper; Evolutionary solver at work.
Grasshopper; Evolutionary solver at work.
gital Urban Simulation | Name of the project
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Conclusion Grasshopper; Outset of solver and in combination with human logic minipulation. After the use of the solver the effect of a more clear street is already quite visible. Because of this starting point it is now very easy for the BT community to understand why it is important to abied by the rules set an can see what impact it has visually. Now any further negotiation will have a result that has a core design strategy imbedded in its genes. It will not stray very far from the preposed result because the clearity of its effects are very visiable. The effect created was very much related to to rules set and the idear that a main square would have a big effect on clearity in the plan. I dont believe that the use of systems like these can ever be self reliant and will always need human imput to create the most logical system. I found it intresting nethertheless to see if a program could help. The idear was succesfull for me, because the effects of genaral idears could be contifide. Also using the program can help to design larger areas on a fast pace. On the scale of the BT section it seems a bit redundend because one can come to the same conclusions by hand drawing.
n Conclusion
er; Grasshopper; Outset of solver Outset and inofcombination solver and inwith combination human logic withminipulation. human logic minipulation.
e ofAfter the the solver usethe of effect the solver of a the more effect clearofstreet a more is already clear street quiteisvisible. alreadyBecause quite visible. of this Because of this nt itstarting is now point very easy it is now for the very BTeasy community for the BT to understand community to why understand it is important why ittoisabied important by to abied by t an the can rules seeset what an impact can seeit what has visually. impact it has visually.
ther Now negotiation any further willnegotiation have a result willthat havehas a result a corethat design has a strategy core design imbedded strategy in itsimbedded in its l not genes. strayItvery will not far from straythe very preposed far from result the preposed becauseresult the clearity because of the its effects clearityare of very its effects are very visiable.
reated The was effectvery created muchwas related very to much to rules related set to and to the rules idear set that and athe main idear square that awould main square would effect have on aclearity big effect in the on plan. clearity I dont in the believe plan. that I dont thebelieve use ofthat systems the use likeofthese systems can like everthese can ever nt and be self willreliant alwaysand need willhuman alwaysimput need to human createimput the most to create logical thesystem. most logical I foundsystem. it intrestI found it intresteless ing nethertheless to see if a program to seecould if a program help. could help.
asThe succesfull idear was for me, succesfull because forthe me,effects because of genaral the effects idears of genaral could be idears contifide. couldAlso be contifide. Also ogram usingcan thehelp program to design can help larger to areas designonlarger a fastareas pace.on Ona the fastscale pace.ofOn the the BTscale section of the it BT section it redundend seems a bit because redundend one can because comeone to the cansame comeconclusions to the samebyconclusions hand drawing. by hand drawing.
Special Perseption Understandable
Confusing
rban Digital Simulation Urban Simulation | Name of| the Name project of the project
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Design Citeria; Urban Gardening From this starting point I looked at the effect of the new urban pland its relation to urban farming. As at the other side of the road, shown in green, a urban farm is beeing developed I did not feel it was nessecary to us the plot we were investigating as a urban farming site. What I did find intresting was to see if after all of the calculations and negotiations pottential area was still availble for the use of urban farming.
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New City District - Z端rich Nord Student: Zlatina Paneva
Summary of the project:
New City District - Zürich Nord City District - Zürich wNew City -Nord Zürich NordNord District -District Zürich
The theme of the project is called ‘’Schaffhauserstrasse’’. This is the main and historic road, which connects Zürich with Kloten. However, the growth of the city of Zürich nowadays is integrating the street more and more into the urban context and this poses one fundamental question – how to translate the form of the country road into a form of a main urban street?
Final examination examination l Final examination tion
Additionally, this context is defined by two main particularities of high importance – the railway runs
Name: Paneva Name: Name: Zlatina Zlatina Paneva Paneva Zlatina Paneva parallel toZlatina Schaffhauserstrasse and in this way it divides the context and isolates the road, and secDate: 01/ 12/ 2014 is a new city artery built parallel to Schaffhauserstrasse on the other side of the railway. Date: 01/ there 12/ 01/ 2014 12/ 2014 01/Date: 12/ondly, 2014 This is Thurgauerstrasse and it shifts the focus out of Schaffhauserstrasse.
the Summary of theof ofproject: the project: project: ry Summary of theSummary project:
MotivationMo for
Motivation for the analysis: The of is Additionally, this is The theme theme of project of the the project project is called is called called Additionally, Additionally, context this context context is defined is defined defined theme of The the theme project is the called this context isthis defined he theme of the project The is called Additionally, this context isAdditionally, defined The motiv ‘’Schaffhauserstrasse’’. This is the by two main particularities ‘’Schaffhauserstrasse’’. ‘’Schaffhauserstrasse’’. This is This the is the by twoby main twoparticularities main particularities of highof of high high ‘’Schaffhauserstrasse’’. This is the by two main particularities of high Schaffhauserstrasse’’. This is the bycontwo main particularities of high the urban main and historic road, which importance – the railway runs mainroad, and main historic andconhistoric road, which road, conwhich conimportance importance – theparrailway – the railway runs parruns parparmain and historic which importance – the railway runs ain and historic road, which conimportance – the railway runs parproject. It nects Zürich with to nectsKloten. Zürich nects HowevZürich with Kloten. with Kloten. Kloten. Howev-HowevHowevallel to allel allel Schaffhauserstrasse to Schaffhauserstrasse Schaffhauserstrasse and in and and in in nects Zürich with allel to Schaffhauserstrasse and in ects Zürich with Kloten. Howevallel to Schaffhauserstrasse and in system a this way it divides the context and er, the growth of the city of Zürich this way this it divides way itand divides the context the context and and growth of the city of the of city Zürich of Zürich this way context er, Zürich the growther, of the theer, citythe of growth Zürich this way it divides the context and it divides theisolates the growth of the city of the area nowadays is integrating the street the road, and secondnowadays nowadays is integrating is integrating the street the street isolatesisolates thesecondroad, the road, and secondand secondnowadays the street and owadays is integrating the street is integrating isolates the road, and isolates second- the road, ly, infrastruc more and more into the is a new city artery moreinto and more more and into morethe intourban the urban urban ly, there ly, isthere there a new isbuilt acity new artery city built artery built built more and more the urban ly, there is a new city artery ore and more into the urban ly, there is a new city artery built space. Th context and this poses one fundaparallel to Schaffhauserstrasse on context context and this and poses this one poses fundaone fundaparallelparallel to Schaffhauserstrasse to Schaffhauserstrasse on on context and this poses one fundaparallel to Schaffhauserstrasse on ontext and this poses one fundaparallel to Schaffhauserstrasse on ysis, nam mental question – how to translate the other side of the railway. This is mental mental question question – how to – how translate to translate the other theside other of side theisrailway. of the railway. This is This is question – how to translate theThis other This ental question – how to mental translate the other side of the railway. is side of the railway. tect seem the the road Thurgauerstrasse and shifts thecountry form theofform form the of of country the country country road into road into into Thurgauerstrasse Thurgauerstrasse and it shifts and itit the shifts the the the form of the road into Thurgauerstrasse and it shifts the e form of the country road into Thurgauerstrasse and it shifts the the conce a form of a main urban street? focus out of Schaffhauserstrasse. a form a of form a main of a urban main urban street? street? focus out focus of out Schaffhauserstrasse. of Schaffhauserstrasse. form of a main urban street? focus out of Schaffhauserstrasse. form of a main urbana street? focus out of Schaffhauserstrasse. they are to 1920 1920 1920 1920 syntax a
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Motivation for the analisys:
The motivation for this analysis is the urban-planning nature of the project. It envisions a new street system and tends to transform the area through modifying the infrastructure and the open public space. The tools given for this analysis, namely Depth Map and Ecotect seem very appropriate to test the concept of the project because they are tools measuring the space syntax and urban microclimate. points on Schaffhauserstrasse and activate them as part of the new network system. In this analysis as focus point is shown Stierli Areal (see summary), because as an old industrial building it has potential to become a centre for creative industry. This requires integration in the public space, which means good connectivity, and visibility. The approach includes three main steps: 1.Design a new train station in the middle of the defined plot and prove this spot as the most central in any of terms of the space syntax; 2. Lay a grid of new streets that connect the two isolated from each other main streets and the new system as affirming the concept of creating a new centre in the midMotivation Motivation for theforanalysis: theprove analysis: dle; 3. Focus on particular existing The approach The approach includesincludes three points three points fined on Schaffhauserstrasse on Schaffhauserstrasse The motivation The motivation for this for analysis this analysis is is
high parnd in and ondbuilt e on his is s the asse.
main steps: main 1.Design steps: 1.Design a new train a newand train activate and activate them as them partas ofpart of the urban-planning the urban-planning nature nature of the of the station station in the middle in the middle of the of de-thethe de-newthenetwork new network system.system. In this In this project.project. It envisions It envisions a new astreet new street fined plot fined and plot prove and this prove spot thisasspot analysis as analysis as focus as point focusispoint shown is shown systemsystem and tends and tends to transform to transform the most thecentral most central in any ofinterms any ofofterms Stierli of Areal Stierli (see Arealsummary), (see summary), bebethe area the through area through modifying modifying the the the space the syntax; space syntax; 2. Lay a2.grid Layofa grid of as cause cause an old as an industrial old industrial build- buildinfrastructure infrastructure and theand open thepublic open public new streets new streets that connect that connect the twotheing twoit has ing itpotential has potential to become to become space. space. The tools The given toolsfor given this analfor this analisolatedisolated from each from other each main other amain centre a centre for creative for creative industry. industry. ysis, namely ysis, namely Depth Map Depth and Map Ecoand Ecostreets streets and prove andthe prove newthe system new system This requires This requires integration integration in the in the tect seem tectvery seem appropriate very appropriate to test to test as affirming as affirming the concept the concept of creatof creatpublic public space, space, which which means means the concept the concept of the project of the project because because ing a new ing acentre new centre in the middle; in the middle; good connectivity, good connectivity, and visibility. and visibility. they arethey tools are measuring tools measuring the space the space 3. Focus 3. Focus on particular on particular existingexisting syntax syntax and urban and urban microclimate. microclimate.
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system. Th Schaffhau than Thurg in the prox
Analysis 1 (Depth Map- Axial Analysis- Integration):
1.1
Analysis 2 (Depth
Integration is a key word for the project. This is why the analysis begins exactly with it. Fundamental for the new city district is to be integrated into the city of Z端rich. The graphs analyze the integration of the streets in radius of 1km from the center of the plot, which is also the planned train station (for reference see the summary of the project). The first graph (1.1) analyzes the existing situation. It shows that the further from the center Oerlikon in Schaffhauserstrasse goes, the less integrated it becomes. Its gradual disintegration expresses its status quo of a street on the boundary between urban and out of the city. Further on this graph could be read that Thurgauerstrasse has the same aspect of gradual disintegration. Another important interpretation would be that there is low integration of the network between the two named streets and thus, they are also not integrated into one system. They function rather autonomously where Schaffhauserstrasse is slightly more integrated to the city than Thurgauerstrasse, because it has more ramifications in the proximity of Oerlikon. The second graph (1.2) analyzes the situation after the changes that the project proposes. These changes are a critical answer to the analyzed existing context. The new 1.2 street grid integrates Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse into one system and makes one mostly integrated crossroad exactly in the middle. Nevertheless, this is the positionUrban of the new train station. The|two streetsCity Digital Simulation New are no more autonomously functioning, but integrated into one entity. Schaffhauserstrasse remains slightly more integrated than Thurgauerstrasse, which is also coherent to the history. Through this intervention the integration of the two arteries is no more vanishing in the non-urban, and they are rather transformed into one integrated to the city centrality.
1.1
2.1
District - Z端rich Nord
Integration is a key word for the project. This is why the analysis begins exactly with it. Fundamental for the new city district is to be integrated into the city of Z端rich. The graphs analyze the integration of the streets in radius of 1km from the center of the plot, which is also the planned train station (for reference see the summary of the project). The first graph (1.1) analyzes the existing situation. It shows that the further from the center Oerlikon in Schaffhauserstrasse goes, the less integrated it becomes. Its gradual disintegration expresses its status quo of a street on the boundary between urban and out of the city. Further on this graph could be read that Thurgauerstrasse has the same aspect of gradual disintegration. Another important interpretation would be that there is low integration of the network between the two named streets and thus, they are also not integrated into one system. They function rather autonomously where Schaffhauserstrasse is slightly more integrated to the city than Thurgauerstrasse, because it has more ramifications in the proximity of Oerlikon. The second graph (1.2) analyzes the situation after the changes that the project proposes. These changes are a critical answer to the analyzed existing context. The new streetHighest gridvalues integrates SchafLowest values 1.2 2.2 fhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse into one system and makes one mostly integrated crossroad exactly in the middle. Nevertheless, this is the position of the new train station. The two streets are no more functioning, butDistrict integrated intoNord one entity. Schaffhauserstrasse remains slightly Digitalautonomously Urban Simulation | New City - Z端rich more integrated than Thurgauerstrasse, which is also coherent to the history. Through this intervention the integration of the two arteries is no more vanishing in the non-urban, and they are rather transformed into one integrated to the city centrality.
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The secon changes th MapAx critical ans street grid erstrasse i grated cro is the posi are no mo into one e integrated to the hist the two ar and they a city centra
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Chair of Information Architecture
system. They function rather autonomously where Schaffhauserstrasse is slightly more integrated to the city than Thurgauerstrasse, because it has more ramifications in the proximity of Oerlikon.
Analysis 2
why the he new ich. The adius the mary of
n. It n Schaffmes. o of a of the urgauegration. here is named o one re o the city mifications
ter the ges are a The new hurgauy inteless, this streets ew City grated htly more coherent ration of urban, ted to the
st values
st values
The second graph (1.2) analyzes the situation after the changes that the project proposes. These changes are a (Depth critical Map-answer Axial to AnalysisConnectivity): the analyzed existing context. The new street grid integrates Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse into one system and makes one mostly integrated crossroad exactly in the middle. Nevertheless, this is the position of the new train station. The two streets are no more autonomously functioning, but integrated into one entity. Schaffhauserstrasse remains slightly more integrated than Thurgauerstrasse, which is also coherent to the history. Through this intervention the integration of the two arteries is no more vanishing in the non-urban, and they are rather transformed into one integrated to the city centrality.
Highest values
2.1
Lowest values
District - Zürich Nord
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2.1 Connectivity is another important term for the project. ‘’Urban’’ is in a way a synonym of ‘’connected’’ and in this sense it is fundamental to establish the connectivity values of the existing situation in order to be able to set a new and appropriate level of connectivity values for the new city district. Identically to Analysis 1, the first graph (2.1) analyzes the existing situation. In contrast to the integration values, the connectivity keeps quite a constant value, however the increase of the distance from the center Oerlikon. This could be explained with the fact, that after leaving the centrality of Oerlikon, the streets are quite homogeneously loaded within their suburban context. There is even slightly increased connectivity in the middle of the analyzed part of the streets. It shows that in this part our two main arteries are better connected to the context behind them and they have a higher depth there. This is a sign for a little centrality at that point. Interestingly, in reality these two points are two centers of the two neighborhoods in that part of the street. The second graph (2.2) regards the situation after the changes that the project proposes. Here the changes are intended to reaffirm the existing connectivity and to increase its values. This is why the new grid is thought and 2.2 to be read as extension and rationalization of the existing network in the area of the perimeter between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse. Sometimes there are some shifts of the extensions, because the existing buildings do not allow linearity. However, the connectivity is drastically increased. Not only the middle piece has become a well-connected city district, but also our two main streets have punctually increased their connectivity at the main crossroads. Again, the position of the new train station proves to be appropriate, as it lay on a spot with the highest value of connectivity.
Connectivity is another important term for the project. ‘’Urban’’ is in a way a synonym of ‘’connected’’ and in this sense it is fundamental to establish the connectivity values of the existing situation in order to be able to set a new and appropriate level of connectivity values for the new city district. Identically to Analysis 1, the first graph (2.1) analyzes the existing situation. In contrast to the integration values, the connectivity keeps quite a constant value, however the increase of the distance from the center Oerlikon. This could be explained with the fact, that after leaving the centrality of Oerlikon, the streets are quite homogeneously loaded within their suburban context. There is even slightly increased connectivity in the middle of the analyzed part of the streets. It shows that in this part our two main arteries are better connected to the context behind them and they have a higher depth there. This is a sign for a little centrality at that point. Interestingly, in reality these two points are two centers of the two neighborhoods in that part of the street. The second graph (2.2) regards the situation after the changes that the project proposes. Here the values changes are intended to reaffirm the existing connectivity and to increase its Highest values. This is why the Lowest values 2.2 new grid is thought and to be read as extension and rationalization of the existing network in the area of the perimeter between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse. Sometimes there are some shifts of the extensions, because the existing buildings do not allow linearity. However, 2 / 6 the connectivity is drastically increased. Not only the middle piece has become a well-connected city district, but also our two main streets have punctually increased their connectivity at the main crossroads. Again, the position of the new train station proves to be appropriate, as it lay on a spot with the highest value of connectivity.
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Analysis 3 (Depth Map- Axial Analysis- Choice):
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3.1 Choice is a term, which did not have influence on the design process of the street network, but is defining for the functions within the buildings and their size. This analysis shows the most preferred arteries and helps define the spots that are the most appropriate for frequently visited public spaces and public functions. Here the first graph (3.1) analyzes the existing situation as well. It shows that the most ‘’chosen’’ artery is Schaffhauserstrasse in its proximity to Oerlikon and its south connection to Thurgauerstrasse. This reflects the reality, in this part there are many public functions on the ground floor and the street is quite busy with pedestrians and cars. The second most ‘’chosen’’ street is the other connection between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse, which is also logical, as it is the only way to go across in the north part. In reality there are not many public buildings to be found there, but this connection is quite often used for the transport. The second graph (3.2) regards the situation after the changes that the project proposes. These are consciously thought to provoke the highest choice in the new middle and central connection between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse, where also the train station is. Luckily (because we want to stay coherent to the history) 3.2 Schaffhauserstrasse has kept its high choice values and thus there is created one very intensively used crossroad. The project does take this potential into account and envisions a public park Simulation as connection with |a square Digital Urban Newright City next to the crossroad. Additionally, it is also envisioned to raise the existing buildings with two floors along the connection (see plan and picture left). This graph proves the intentions of the design to be appropriate. It also reaffirms the shift of the center from the proximity of Oerlikon and it’s vanishing with the increase of the radius to the hearth new city district.
3.1
District - Zürich Nord
Choice is a term, which did not have influence on the design process of the street network, but is defining for the functions within the buildings and their size. This analysis shows the most preferred arteries and helps define the spots that are the most appropriate for frequently visited public spaces and public functions. Here the first graph (3.1) analyzes the existing situation as well. It shows that the most ‘’chosen’’ artery is Schaffhauserstrasse in its proximity to Oerlikon and its south connection to Thurgauerstrasse. This reflects the reality, in this part there are many public functions on the ground floor and the street is quite busy with pedestrians and cars. The second most ‘’chosen’’ street isHighest the other values connection between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse, which is also logical, as it is the Lowest values only way to 3.2 go across in the north part. In reality there are not many public buildings to be found there, but this connection is quite often used for the transport. Digital Urbangraph Simulation | New City - Zürich Nordchanges that the project proposes. These are The second (3.2) regards the District situation after the consciously thought to provoke the highest choice in the new middle and central connection between Schaffhauserstrasse and Thurgauerstrasse, where also the train station is. Luckily (because we want to stay coherent to the history) Schaffhauserstrasse has kept its high choice values and thus there is created one very intensively used crossroad. The project does take this potential into account and envisions a public park as connection with a square right next to the crossroad. Additionally, it is also envisioned to raise the existing buildings with two floors along the connection (see plan and picture left). This graph proves the intentions of the design to be appropriate. It also reaffirms the shift of the center from the proximity of Oerlikon and it’s vanishing with the increase of the radius to the hearth new city district.
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Analysis 4 (Depth Map- Visibility Analysis- Overall Isovist + Axial Analysis- All Axes- Connectivity): 4.1 Focus Point ‘’Stierli Areal’’ (Circle within the radius of 500m out of it) Along with the new network system, the design process envisions a ‘’zoom-in’’ on some important existing points on the Schaffhauserstrasse. These are singular projects within the master plan, which have the function to additionally activate the Schaffhauserstrasse, and to take advantage of and increase its existing potentials. Stierli Areal is defined as one such focus point. It is an old industrial building, which nowadays lives from the aura of its patina. It is transformed into a place for creative industry, but it somehow remains isolated from the urban tissue. This is owed to a great degree to the railway, which cuts it out from the urban tissue. In this plan the railway is drawn as a grey volume (see graphs) because in reality it blocks the views and there are rarely connections under it (see section and picture left). The design goal is to put Stierli Areal in focus within the urban tissue and make out of it a central building. The aim is approached through the establishment of new connections under and above the railway. These connections are supposed firstly to increase the visibility of the project and thus make it destination for the 4.2 fluxes around. In order to examine if they fulfill their purpose there is an overall isovist analysis shown on graph (4.1). The entrance from the new train station is quite visible, but the other ones remain quite invisible. This Digital Urban Simulation | New City analysis implies that the connections should be better studied and not being blocked by a building in front of them, which is the case on several points. They should be more centrally placed and more directly connected to the main arteries. Another strategy for the increasing the visibility is to place a tower next to the existing building. This intervention is however not included into the isovist analysis, because this isovist is supposed to analyze the visibility of the connections leading to the project.
4.1
Focus Point ‘’Stierli Areal’’
The secon nectivity o the axial c results poi the visibilit the two fa terpretatio connected only to the not a plac
District - Zürich Nord
(Circle within the radius of 500m out of it) Along with the new network system, the design process envisions a ‘’zoom-in’’ on some important existing points on the Schaffhauserstrasse. These are singular projects within the master plan, which have the function to additionally activate the Schaffhauserstrasse, and to take advantage of and increase its existing potentials. graph (4.2) is anbuilding, all axes analysis of the conStierli Areal is defined as one such focus point. It is The an second old industrial which nowadays lives nectivity of the project. It is made in order to examine if from the aura of its patina. It is transformed into a place for creative industry, but it somehow remains the axial connections are dependent on the visibility. The results point that the has higher values than isolated from the urban tissue. This is owed to a great degree toconnectivity the railway, which cuts it out from the visibility, which speaks for independence between the urban tissue. In this plan the railway is drawn asthea two grey volume (see graphs) because in reality it factors (visibility and connectivity). A possible interpretation of this comparison that thepicture building is well blocks the views and there are rarely connections under it (see sectionis and left). The design connected, but as it is badly visible, it remains connected goal is to put Stierli Areal in focus within the urban tissue and make out of it a central only to the social groups that already know about it. It is building. The not connections a place, which would under be accidentally aim is approached through the establishment of new andvisited. above the railway. These connections are supposed firstly to increase the visibility of the projectHighest and values thus make it desLowest is values tination for the fluxes around. In order to examine if they fulfill their purpose there an overall isovist 4.2 analysis shown on graph (4.1). The entrance from the new train station is quite visible, but the other ones remain quite invisible. This analysis implies that the connections should be better studied and Digital Urban Simulation | New City District - Zürich Nord is the case on several points. They should be not being blocked by a building in front of them, which more centrally placed and more directly connected to the main arteries. Another strategy for the increasing the visibility is to place a tower next to the existing building. This intervention is however not included into the isovist analysis, because this isovist is supposed to analyze the visibility of the connections leading to the project. The second graph (4.2) is an all axes analysis of the connectivity of the project. It is made in order to examine if the axial connections are dependent on the visibility. The results point that the connectivity has higher values than the visibility, which speaks for independence between the two factors (visibility and connectivity). A possible interpretation of this comparison is that the building is well connected, but as it is badly visible, it remains connected only to the social groups that already know about it. It is not a place, which would be accidentally visited.
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Summer Solstice
Analysis 5 (Ecotect- Shadowrange Analysis):
Focus Point ‘’Stierli Areal’’ Analysis 5 has the aim to analyze if the planned tower in immediate proximity to the old existing building would have negative consequences, as for example throwing a constant shadow on it. The analysis is run for the period of the summer and the winter solstice, because those are the two periods when the sun is respectively highest or lowest positioned in relation to the earth. As visible on the graphs, the shadow during the day of the summer solstice is short and remains near the tower, whereas during the winter solstice the shadow is long and has the biggest area. However, in both cases the opportune position of the tower, namely in north from the existing building, contributes to a very favorable situation - the shadow of the tower is practically never falling on the existing building. This proves that the placing of a building with extraordinary height in such proximity is possible and not harmful for the microclimate of the existing urban context.
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
Digital Urban Simulation | New City District - Zürich Nord
Focus Point ‘’Stierli Areal’’
Analysis 5 has the aim to analyze if the planned tower in immediate proximity to the old existing building would have negative consequences, as for example throwing a constant shadow on it. The analysis is run for the period of the summer and the winter solstice, because those are the two periods when the sun is respectively highest or lowest positioned in relation to the earth. As visible on the graphs, the shadow during the day of the summer solstice is short and remains near the tower, whereas during the winter solstice the shadow is long and has the biggest area. However, in both cases the opportune position of the tower, namely in north from the existing building, contributes to a very favorable situation - the shadow of the tower is practically never falling on the existing building. This proves that the placing of a building with extraordinary height in such proximity is possible and not harmful for the microclimate of the existing urban context. Conclusions: Winter Solstice Using analysis software is a good practice for an accurate and precise test of the own design. SimuDigitaldesign Urban decisions Simulation before | Newrealizing City District - Zürich Nord for the thorough comprehension of the lating them is important complex entity of any situation, for preventing unexpected problems, for being more conscious. Additionally, an analysis gives implications for design, that are not always so obvious and thus helps finding the best solution. Computer-simulated analysis is absolutely positive.
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