ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO ACHMAD ADHI NUGRAHA | 2016-2018
ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO ACHMAD ADHI NUGRAHA | 2016-2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01
21
WALKABLE URBAN AREA FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING Academic Work 2017
13
ALHAMIYAH
EVERGREEN
Academic Work 2016
Academic Work 2017
41
SLEMAN STUDENT SQUARE Academic Work 2018
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Year: 2016 Project Status: Developed architectural design, unbuilt Location: Setu Patok Village, Mundu, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia Total Site Area: 5.991 m² Total Storeys: 2 storeys
For more detailed information about this project, please scan the QR code or open the link below.
01 http://tiny.cc/n48pzy
LOCATIONS & HUMANS This project of house of wisdom is aimed to be located in Setu Patok, Mundu, Cirebon, West Java. The total area of the site is about 5,991 sqm. The site is directly adjacent to Setu Patok Stank, so it should be a potention for this region to be visited by many people. Setu Patok is one of the villages in Cirebon. Its total area is about 460 ha. The village is located on the latitude of -6.77213 and the longitude of 108.572384. Overall there are about 11,020 people live in this village, which consists of 3,481 adult men, 3,042 adult women, 1,750 boys, and 1,614 girls. Most of them are muslims. Most of the parents there send their children to educational institutions which have islamic nuance. Senior High School 19%
Academy / University 1%
Junior High School 18%
Not (yet) schooled 23%
Not graduated yet from Elementary School 12%
Elementary School 8%
Ungraduated from Elementary School 19%
Farmer
Problems Street vendors
In Cirebon, there are several historical sites, such as The Great Mosque of Cirebon Sang Cipta Rasa, Kasepuhan Palace, Kanoman Palace, etc. The architectural elements of these sites are being inspired to design this house of wisdom.
03
Maid
Teacher
Setu Patok has several serious issues and problems. Most people in Setu Patok have low-level education, even some of them are illiterate. In this region, medical units that can accomodate many people are still hard to be found. Beside of that, there is also not any commerical facilities that eases people to shop.
Solutions
providing medical unit with low-budget medical services to keep and improve people’s health
Providing educational facility to develop people’s knowledges
Providing mosque and islamic study center
providing cafeteria as a commercial facility to ease people to buy and sell food.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
Weakness
Setu Patok is a route that is frequently passed by vehicles because it is close to the highway of Cikapali (Cikopo Paliman).
Setu Patok prone to disasters. Ÿ The level of soil erosion is high. Ÿ The index of human development is low. It is ranked 34 out of 40 in the regency of Cirebon.
Opportunity
Threat
Setu Patok is close to a tourism site (stank).
Ÿ
Setu Patok stank is located in a village. Whereas there are several tourism sites in the urban and suburban areas in Cirebon which is closer to the housings of more people.
04
Conclusion The house of wisdom should be designed well by paying attention to the condition of :
Therefore, the design would:
be suitable and useful for local people
be resistant enough to natural disasters
be eco-friendly
still uphold local cultures and traditions
nature / environment people
cultures and traditions
average
Op
average
Region with much beauty of nature
en ac
Sp e
Setu Patok Stank
average
wind speed
humidity
temperature
SITE ANALYSIS
The chosen site is located on the region which has much beautiful views.
Region with few open spaces Around the chosen site there are still few spaces that have not been used to build.
River
Open Space 09.00
15.00
05 12.00
Waterfront site The chosen site is passed by a river and in front of it there is Setu Patok stank.
ap pro a
ch
CONCEPT
the design of house of wisdom gets inspired by the architectural elements of local buildings
the main building is the center and surrounded by its supporting buildings water source is rather difficult to reach
there are still few barren open spaces
making people healthy, brainy & happy
scarcity of educational facility for children
the education level of local people is still low
having potential nature that can be used as a captivating view
there are not many commercial facilities
Alhamiyah (protector)
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Main building
2 dormitories
Mosque Islamic study rooms Library Computer class Multifunctional room
Ÿ
Dinning room Ÿ Kitchen Ÿ Bedrooms
Kindergarten
Classrooms Teacher room Ÿ Playing room Ÿ Playground
Community Development Center, Medical Unit, and Cafeteria
Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Agriculture class Fishery class Lobby Drugstore Patient rooms Doctor rooms Kiosks Cafeteria
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CONNECTIONS AMONG SPACES
library
kindergarten playground
toilets ablution place
toilets
toilets playing room
porch
porch
prayer room
itory rm o d
islamic boarding school
toilets bedrooms
community development center community medical unit
multifunctional room
staff room
cafeteria dining room
Legend
kitchen
Close Fairly close Far Private Semi-private Public
MATERIALS
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Bricks
Woods
Steels
Concretes
it is one of the common local materials and is applied to walls and shadings.
it is one of the common local materials and is applied to wall-coverings, ceilings, exterior oors, and also façades.
it is applied to dome and roof frames, roof, curtain wall frames, and also columns and beams (in the form of joists).
it is applied to most of the structure of the buildings, such as columns, beams, and sloofs.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM & DESIGN TRANSFORMATIONS Main Building
Kindergarten beam 75/100
column 85/85
beam 40/80 column 50/50
purlin 8/12 sloof 40/80 footplate foundation hip rafter 8/12 rafter4/6 batten 2/3
sloof 75/100 footplate foundation
The form of the roofs of The Great Mosque of Cirebon Sang Cipta Rasa, Kasepuhan Palace, and Kanoman Palace are like this. They are two-levels roofs in which each level has different pitch. The pitch of the lower level of the roof is more sloping than the upper.
Dormitory purlin 8/12 hip rafter 8/12 rafter 4/6 batten 2/3 beam 35/70 column 45/45 sloof 35/70 footplate foundation wooden truss
The form of the two-levels roof is applied to form the roof of the dormitories. The differences are the roof is formed to have six sides and its upper level culminates onto one point, while the lower level is formed to be triangle in each of the six sides. Therefore its form when it is seen from above looks like a flower.
The form of the two-levels roof is also applied to form the roof of the kindergarten. The difference is that it is shaped ‘L’ to match the shape of the floor plan.
08
SITEPLAN Dome of the Main Building laminated glass (20 mm thick) aluminium 6/8
15 m
Curtain Wall in the West-side of the Main Building
laminated glass (20 mm thick) aluminium 10/12
8,7 m
aluminium 10/12
legend grass blocks
medium-level shrub
grass
low-level shrub
aluminium 7/8
hedge
high-level tree
low-level tree
09 2,4 m
DETAIL ARSITEKTURAL Faรงades of the Main Building
4,1 m
2,3 m
Faรงades of the Dormitories
wood (0,1 m thick)
4,3 m
wood (0,1 m thick) 2,6 m
Trusses of the Dormitories wood 8/12 wood 8/12
1,5 m
1m 1m
1,5 m
1,5 m
1,5 m
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FLOOR PLANS Upper Part The upper part of the main building consists of dome and roof. The dome is formed from 2mm thick laminated glass with stainless steel as its frame. The roofs are made of galvanized metal. Under the roofs there are its structural elements that are formed from lightweight steels. Under these roof structural elements there are curtain walls whose function is like skylights, as the media for sunlights to go into the interior.
2nd Floor Library This is a facility for public, especially local people. It is provided to improve the index of human development of this region. Computer Class This is a facility which is a part of community development center. It is provided to introduce local people to computer which is an important technology in this modern era. Toilet There are two toilets in this storey in which the one is for men and the another one is for women.
1st Floor Mosque
Wudhu Rooms
Toilet
Untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat yang m a y o r i t a s beragama Islam
Divided into two parts: for men and for women
Divided into two parts: for men and for women
Electrical Control Room
Sta Room For the sta of the mosque to hold internal meetings and also to keep some documents.
Multifunctional Room Room for public to do some things such as meetings.
To store electrical equipments and control them.
ELEVATIONS North Elevation
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South Elevation
East Elevation
West Elevation
SECTIONS Section A
Section B
CIRCUMSTANCES
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Year: 2017 Project Status: Schematic architectural design, unbuilt Location: Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta City, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Total Storeys: 6 storeys + 1 basement
For more detailed information about this project, please scan the QR code or open the link below.
13 http://tiny.cc/gw9pzy
LOCATION The building is aimed to be built on a government hospital, Rumah Sakit Wirosaban, which is located in Jalan Ki Ageng Pemanahan No.1, Sorosutan, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, 55162. This hospital is surrounded by three streets, Jalan Pangeran Wirosobo in the west side, Jalan Tritunggal in the north side, and Jalan Ki Ageng Pemanahan in the east side.
CONCEPT Applying drainage container to : decrease the outcome expense used to pay clean water (PDAM), and Ÿ utilize rainwater so that it would not be wasted. Ÿ
The amount of clean water on earth is only about 2.4%, so it is very precious.
Applying effective and efficient access and circulation of people to ease them move.
Utilizing vines and low shrubs to decrease the level of sound and air pollution.
the site is located in an urban area
Creating a Place that is Effective, Efficient, and Green
high density of motor vehicles
air pollution
sound pollution
discomfort
Utilizing rooftop as park. Rather than letting it be idle, it could be function as park to decrease noise and air pollution.
Applying some barrier free facilities.
Applying sun shading and louvers to avoid sunlight to enter the building directly.
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SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Nurse Room
Doctor Room
Laundromat
Clean Linen Room
In-Patient Care Unit
Polyclinic
Waiting Room
Administration
Dirty Linen Room
Warehouse
Waiting Room
Lobby
Cafeteria Drugstore Minimarket
ANALISIS The building is located in Yogyakarta. In order to prevent sunlight to enter the the rooms inside the building directly, the apertures need to be given shading and/or louvers. In order to measure the length of shadings, it needs to be measured by some equipments such as local sun path and sun protractor, then calculate the length by using a formula. facade
B x N facade A
calculation:
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B tan(x) = A B = A = tan(x)
160 cmo = 160 cm = 133.3 cm tan(48 ) 1.2
TRANSFORMATION
Initial Design
1
Final Design
Both pitures above show some differences, such as: Ÿ the initial design's sixth floor has more spacious open space than the final one, and Ÿ the initial design shows that the building looks more massive than the final one. The change of the building shape is based on the needs of rooms to be rented. Since the sixth floor of the initial design is almost full of open space, so it was considered to be changed into some rooms to be rented which is also as the part of the in-patient care unit. Beside of that, the change is also based on the massiveness and the lack of the application of secondary skins (which can be functioned as building element to make better thermal quality of the interior, and also as a decoration) of the initial design.
ELEVATIONS
East Elevation
West Elevation
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DENAH
17
basement
ground floor
Basement of the designed building is functioned as the service area of the building. Beside of that, it is also functioned as parking area.
Ground floor of the designed building is filled with spaces and rooms of main service (such as administration and medical records storage room), commercial service (such as drugstore, cafeteria, and minimarket), and also public space (lobby and waiting room).
2nd-5th Floor
6th Floor
The second story to fifth story are filled with hospital service (wards) in various types : VIP (one patient bed plus one ordinary bed for visitor), type 1 (two patient beds), type 2 (four patient beds), and type 3 (six patient beds).
The sixth story is filled with isolated wards and also a rooftop park.
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SITEPLAN 34 m
m
55 m
58.5
19
54 m
DESIGN Parapet is functioned to protect people on the rooftop from falling and also to cover elevator house
Curtain walls is functioned as a medium to chase natural lighting.
Elevator house Rooftop park
sun shading vertical louvers
flows to absorption well drainage container
Apertures is necessarry to be given sun shadings (with suitable dimension) and louvers to prevent direct sunlight to enter the building which could decrease the occupants’ level of comfort. Beside of that, they also could function as decorations.
balc
o
ny
filtered and then flows to clean water tank
Drainage shaft is connected to drainage container which is set underground. The application of drainage utilization system could be functioned to : Ÿ decrease the outcome expense used to pay clean water (PDAM), and Ÿ utilize rainwater so that it would not be wasted.
The application of vines and low shrubs is aimed to : Ÿ prevent sunlight to enter the building directly, Ÿ decrease the level of air pollution that might enter the building. air pollution might come from motor vehicles in the street around the building which produce unnecessary gases, and Ÿ decrease the level of sound pollution (noise) that might come from motor vehicles that frequently pass by.
Structural grid Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
6mx6m 6mx3m 7.2 m x 3 m 7.2 m x 7.2 m 7.5 m x 6 m 7.5 m x 7.2 m
height of the columns per storey = @4m
with the widest span of 7.2 m, so: Ÿ
height of beams = 1/14 x width of the widest span = 1/14 x 7.2 m = 5.14 m 5,2 m
Ÿ
width of beams = 0.6 x height of beams = 0.6 x 5.2 m = 3.12 m 3.2 m
column dimension = width of beams + 300 mm = 3.2 m + 0.3 m = 3.5 m
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Year: 2017 Project Status: Developed urban design, unbuilt Location: Depok, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
For more detailed information about this project, please scan the QR code or open the link below.
21 http://tiny.cc/sy9pzy
Walkable Urban Area for Sustainable Living Planning Urban Region in the West-side of Depok to Enhance the Level of Health, Comfort and Prosperity of the Society
ABSTRAK Walkable Urban Area for Sustainable Living is a planning project concentrated in the west-part of Depok Subdistrict, Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, speciďŹ cally in the region around the campus of Gadjah Mada University. The main concept of this planning is to enhance walkability in the related region. The main purpose of this planning is to enhance the level of health, comfort and prosperity of the people around it. The level of health was planned to be enhanced by taking ruislag (swapping) a number of landed residencies and change them with vertical residencies, then utilize the lands resulted from the ruislag itself to be green open spaces and public facilities. Beside of that, reducing the utilization of motor vehicles was also done. It is meant to reduce air and sound pollution. The level of comfort was planned to be enhanced by redesigning existing bus stops and sidewalks, so that it might indirectly stimulate people to prefer walking and utilizing public transportations. Beside of that, providing footbridge as crossing paths for pedestrians is also done to enhance the level of comfort. The level of prosperity could be done by applying a regulation to limit the usage of artiďŹ cial lightings, utilize LED lights in all building types, and also reduce the utilization air conditionings. Therefore, the consumption of electrical energy and the emision of CFC would be minimized, so that it would make a good impact for the society and also the environment. This planning was done by applying performance based design, which is the design approach that is initilialized with the process of determining performance based criteria, passes the important process which is determining design variables and indicators, until the ďŹ nal process which is design testing. By performing all the design processes, it would result an urban design which is walkable, user-friendly, sustainable and also eco-friendly. Keywords: performance based design, performance based criteria , sustainable, ruislag, walkability
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LATAR BELAKANG & ISU According to the latest health index released by Sun Life Financial Asia, it is shown that the level of satisfaction against the condition of society’s health in Asia decreased to the lowest level. Only 60% of the respondents in Asia stated that they were satisfied by their health condition overall, it decreased from the number 65% in 2015. However, Indonesia was recorded to be the one and only country which did not experience a decreasing of the latest health index, it even experienced an increasing although not significantly. So in order to boost the increasing, it needs some crucial aspects, such as healthy environment. Although stated that Indonesia experienced the increasing of the health index, but the fact shows that urban regions in Indonesia are still not good. There are still lots of pollution caused by the society’s activities, such as the utilization of motor vehicles, burnings and manufacturing activities that causes air and sound pollution; and also the excessive utilization of artificial lightings that causes light pollution. Those are the factors that might disturb the health of people and the nature they are living in. Yogyakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that has high level of environmental pollution. The head of Special Region of Yogyakarta’s Central Bureau of Statistics, Bambang Kristianto in the 2015/2016 Statistic Report of Environment of Special Region of Yogyakarta stated that in the range of 2011 to 2014 the level of environmental pollution in Yogyakarta experienced an increasing up to 250%. Yogyakarta is well-known as Educational City. It is because Yogyakarta has lots of educational instances from Kindergartens, Elementary Schools, to Colleges or Universities. Campus region is a region that consists of some facilities and infrastructures that are able to accomodate the needs of the civitas of the related campus and also support their daily activities. According to Amir Hajrasouliha (2017), the physical condition of campus region can affect the success of the students’ learning processes. So that, it actually requires to be planned well. Because if the campus region is maintained well, the health and the comfort of the students of the related campus and also the people around the region will be maintained as well. The chosen location of this planning is the region around the campus of Gadjah Mada University. Inside this region, there are lots of crucial issues that require to be fixed, such as the existence of air, sound and light pollutants; many utilizations of motor vehicles; inconvenient garbage distributions; tradings in sidewalks; and also the lack of green open space. From those issues, the concept of walkability was planned that might be a good solution to solve them. Because by the application of this concept, people are charged to minimize the utilization of motor vehicles by utilizing public transportation, biking or walking. Therefore, the healthier and more comfortable urban region would be created.
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PENDAHULUAN LOCATION DETERMINATION & OBSERVATION Title
Walkable Urban Area for Sustainable Living Subtitle
“Planning Urban Region in the West-side of Depok to Enhance the Level of Health, Comfort and Prosperity of the Society” Location
West-side of Depok Sub-district, Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta Area
± 24,61 ha / 246.100 sqm
Coordinate
Latitude 7°45'41.7"S 7°45'53.6"S 7°46'16.1"S 7°45'54.8"S
:
Longitude : 110°22'35.2"T 110°22'54.7"T 110°22'41.9"T 110°22'36.3"T
Boundaries
North East South West
: Sinduadi, Mlati : Caturtunggal, Depok : Pancasila Field of Gadjah Mada University : Campus region of Gadjah Mada University
Location Determination The chosen region is located in Java Island, Indonesia, specifically in the west-side of Depok Subdistrict, Sleman District, Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta.
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Location Observation Yogyakarta is well-known as educational city, because there are lots of colleges and universities there. One of them is Gadjah Mada University which is often called as UGM. UGM is one of the biggest universities in Indonesia. So no wonder if it has so many civitas. Beside of that, the campus region of UGM is situated in a strategic area. Those both things cause the campus region of UGM is densed of motor vehicles.
Therefore it could be predicted that the volume of the garbage resulted in the chosen region is about 0,229 tons per day. This plentiful garbage requires to be distributed to a landfill. Whereas the nearest landfill is situated far enough from the chosen region, which is in Piyungan, Bantul District.
The density of motor vehicles causes several negative effects to the environment and the people around it. Those negative effects are such as traffic jam, disruption of the respiratory systems of the society which is caused by the air pollution from the motor vehicles, and also disturbing environmental noises. To solve these problems, it absolutely requires a solution. The concept of city walk is a manifestation of the solution which might be able to reduce the negative effects. Other than caused by the density of the motor vehicles, the traffic jam occured in the campus region of UGM is also caused by a number of vehicles that are parked in the roadsides and also by a number of people who sell their goods along the sidewalks from evening until night. At night, the campus region of UGM is lighted by many outdoor lightings with no lampshades. The lights from those lightings are categorized as light pollutants. They cause an increasing of greenhouse gases and the fade of natural light from the sky. Therefore, stars and the other sky objects cannot be seen from the related polluted region. The daily garbage volume in Sleman District is regarded to be so plentiful which is about 534 tons.
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SKEMA PENETAPAN ISU
The condition of the urban environment in west-side of Depok is quite severe
Designing the campus region of UGM which is healthier, more comfortable and eco-friendly
Regional problems
Air Sound
Imbalance between the garbage volume and the amount of garbage dumps provided
Pollution Light
Density of motor vehicles
Yogyakarta as an educational city
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Lack of green open space Tradings in the sidewalks
Formal education
Creating a region that pays attention to the environment’s health and comfort
PURPOSES & TARGETS
Purposes a.
improving accessibility, especially for pedestrians;
b.
improving the level of health, comfort and prosperity of the society; and
c.
creating a sustainable environment.
Targets a.
discovering physical and non-physical characteristics of the urban region in the west-side of Depok Sub-district, speciďŹ cally around the campus of Gadjah Mada University;
b.
discovering issues occured in in the west-side of Depok Sub-district;
c.
discovering methods taken to solve the urban issues with the design approach of Performance Based Design (PBD); and
d.
being capable to solve problems occured in the west-side of Depok Sub-district.
REPORTING SYSTEMATICS
Preparation
Analysis
Result
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Preparation 1. 2. 3. 4.
Finding interesting issues that currently occur Collecting data related to global issues that currently occur Determining location where the issues occur Finding illustration about the planning and design that might be able to be applied in the chosen region so that it would be an exact solution to solve the occuring issues
Regional Illustration
Analysis 1. 2. 3. 4.
Analyzing issues in the chosen region Collecting more speciďŹ ed data related to the issues occuring in the related region Creating a framework of thinking based on the issues Analyzing the region based on the design appoach of Performance Based Design
Result 1. 2. 3. 4.
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Suitable regional plan and design Design development Regional design testing Urban design guideline
FORMULATION OF PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN DEFINITION OF PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN In Walter P Moore’s website titled “Performance-Based Design”, it is explained that Performance Based Design (PBD) is a rational approach in designing a new building or evaluating an existing structure that frequently result a more excellent result comparing to a conventional design approach that uses codes. Basically, Performance Based Design is a design approach that begins from the stage of determining Performance Based Criteria (PBC) and passes the most important stage which is determining design indicators, and also the most typical stage of this design approach which is design testing. In relation to the regional design, PBD puts forward the significant change principle of the regional elements’ performances to be better that could be perceived by its users (the society). In the implementation process, evaluation using a measuring instrument is done, for example using Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), in order to reach the main goals in fixing the performances of the related regional elements.
STAGES IN PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN
Determining design indicators measurably
Design testing
Analyzing overall
Determining Performance Based Criteria measurably
Fixing design components that do not meet the design requirements yet
Resulting a final result in the form of a design based on the suitable Performance Based Design
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FRAMEWORK OF THINKING
MACRO ISSUE dalam lingkup Indonesia
Improving the level of health, comfort and prosperity of the urban society in Indonesia
MESO ISSUE dalam lingkup Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta is an educational city, therefore the environmental health and comfort are required to be regarded
MICRO ISSUE dalam lingkup kawasan terpilih
VARIABLES
TITLE & LOCATION
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Imbalance between the garbage volume and the amount of garbage dumps provided
Designing the region around the campus of UGM that is healthier, more comfortable and eco-friendly
Air Sound
Pollution Light
Density of motor vehicles
Lack of green open space Tradings in the sidewalks
Planning Urban Region in the West-side of Depok to Enhance the Level of Health, Comfort and Prosperity of the Society
The daily regional garbage volume is contained (20%)
The density level of motor vehicles is reduced (30%)
Providing integrated garbage disposal site to reduce 20% of the regional garbage volume that must be distributed to the landfill in Piyungan, Bantul. Beside of that, it is also functioned to reduce the possibility of wild garbage disposals done by irresponsible people. Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Reducing the level of air pollution (30%)
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Renovating 100% of the existing bus stops to stimulate people to utilize buses as public transportation Maximizing for up to 30% of the utilization of public transportation Providing bicycle lanes as wide as 25% of the width of the roadways to stimulate people to prefer utilizing bicycles to motor vehicles.
Maintaining 100% of the existing vegetations Organizing car free days as a routine every week Providing and arranging some vegetations that are able to maximally reduce air pollution 50% more than the amount of the existing vegetations Reducing 70% of the existing boarding houses and replacing them with student rented apartments Reducing 70% of the existing landed residencies and replacing them with unrented apartments Minimizing 40% of the utilization of CFC
Water walls & fountains
Student rented apartments
Unrented apartments Planned green open space (park) Outdoors lightings with lampshades
Food court Efficiency of utilizing artificial lightings (40%)
Ÿ Ÿ
Minimizing 40% of the utilization of artificial lightings at certain hours to reduce light pollution and to save the city’s electrical energy Applying lampshades to 100% of the existing outdoor lightings (which glow lights to the sky) to reduce light pollution
Integrated garbage disposal site
Regional parking lots Reducing the level of sound pollution (25%)
Effectivity of the utilization of sidewalks as circulation pathways for pedestrians (100%) Improving pedestrians’ accessibility (50%)
PERFORMANCE BASE CRITERIA
Providing and arranging 25% of urban entities which are functioned to decorate the urban area and also to reduce the level of regional noise pollution
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Ÿ Ÿ
Providing food court as a public facility for night culinary tours Relocating 100% of the existing food vendors to the food court Redesigning existing sidewalks based on the principle of barrier free design and sustainable design Providing regional parking lots as wide as 5% of the total area of the chosen location
Footbridge
Pedestrian pathway
Ramp
Providing a footbridge (100%) Adding ramps to the sidewalks (50%)
INDICATORS
DESIGN FRAMEWORK
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BASIC PRINCIPLE OF THE DESIGN APPROACH Providing integrated garbage disposal site to reduce 20% of the regional garbage volume that must be distributed to the landfill in Piyungan, Bantul. Providing regional parking lots as wide as 5% of the total area of the chosen location.
Analyzing the distribution of regional garbage disposal
Analyzing land uses
Relocating 100% of the existing food vendors to the food court. Renovating 100% of the existing bus stops to stimulate people to utilize buses as public transportation. Maximizing for up to 30% of the utilization of public transportation Providing bicycle lanes as wide as 25% of the width of the roadways to stimulate people to prefer utilizing bicycles to motor vehicles. Maintaining 100% of the existing vegetations
Analyzing human activities and density of vehicles in the daytimes
Analyzing human activities and density of vehicles in the evenings
Providing and arranging some vegetations that are able to maximally reduce air pollution 50% more than the amount of the existing vegetations
Analyzing roadways
Reducing 70% of the existing boarding houses and replacing them with student rented apartments
Analyzing vegetations
Reducing 70% of the existing landed residencies and replacing them with unrented apartments Minimizing 40% of the utilization of CFC
Analyzing building typologies
Minimizing 40% of the utilization of artificial lightings at certain hours to reduce light pollution and to save the city’s electrical energy Applying lampshades to 100% of the existing outdoor lightings (which glow lights to the sky) to reduce light pollution Providing and organizing 25% of urban entities which are functioned to decorate the urban area and also to reduce the level of regional noise pollution INDIKATOR
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Analyzing utilization of artificial lightings
Analyzing the level of regional noises
ANALISIS
1. Providing integrated garbage disposal site based on the Enactment Number 18 (2008) in which is a place for collecting, sorting, reusing, recycling, and final processing regional garbages, and is able to accomodate 0,32 tons of garbage per week. 2. Providing regional parking lots as wide as 1,23 ha which are divided to some spots in the chosen region. 3. Relocating street vendors who do tradings on the sidewalks of Jalan Kaliurang, Jalan Persatuan, Jalan Agro, and Jalan Teknika to the food court which is planned to be located in the commercial zone of the chosen region, specifically in the north side of Jalan Agro. 4. Renovating two Trans Jogja bus stops in th chosen region which are specifically located in Jalan Teknika Utara and Jalan Teknika Selatan, so that they would be comfortable to be utilized. 5. Providing regional parking lots and bicycle rentals for some chosen scopes in the chosen region. 6. Providing bicycle lanes: Ÿ 2 lanes in Jalan Kaliurang and Jalan Persatuan in which each is as wide as 1,375 m. Ÿ 2 lanes in Jalan Agro in which each is as wide as 3 m. Ÿ 1 lane in Jalan Teknika Utara and Jalan Teknika Selatan with the width of 3 m. 7. Maintaining all existing vegetations. 8. Organizing a number of vegetations in some public facilities and open spaces whose characteristic is having broadleaves (such as Tanjung Tree or Trembesi Tree) to reduce air pollution for about 50%. 9. Applying ruislag to some boarding houses in the chosen region and replacing them with student rented apartments, so that they would be able to accomodate more students in vertical buildings and the remaining lands could be utilized for regional parking lots and green open spaces. 10. Applying ruislag to some landed residencies in the chosen region and replacing them with unrented apartments, so that they would be able to accomodate more students in vertical buildings and the remaining lands could be utilized for regional parking lots and green open spaces. 11. Reducing 40% of the utilization of air-conditionings for all building types. 12. Indoor lightings are allowed to be turned on at 5 PM until 10 PM, while the outdoor ones (including billboard lightings) are allowed to be turned on at 5 PM until 12 AM. 13. Applying lampshades to the outdoor lightings that glow the lights to the sky in order to reduce light pollution in the urban area. 14. Providing and organizing 25% of urban entities which are functioned to decorate the urban area and also to reduce 25% of the level of regional noise pollution. The entities are such as water walls dan fountains. Because water is a good element to reduce noise.
URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINE FRAMEWORK
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Precedent Study Cihampelas Skywalk in Bandung, Indonesia Cihampelas Skywalk is the one and only bridge in Indonesia specialized for pedestrians. The skywalk which is located in Jalan Cihampelas No.123-131, Cipaganti, Coblong, Bandung, West Java was inaugurated by the City Government of Bandung on February 4th, 2017. Beside functioned for pedestrians, Cihampelas Skywalk is also functioned to accomodate some street vendors along the tourist route of Jalan Cihampelas. Therefore, visitors could enjoy their trip while doing culinary tour and shopping typical souvenirs of Bandung. Cihampelas Skywalk has terraced floor surface. A number of colorful kiosks can be seen from the sides of the roads. Flowers and leafy trees are installed surround the skywalk to give the impression of green and also as a shading for the users. Cihampelas Skywalk is 450 meters long, 9 meters wide, and 4,6 meters high from the surface of the road. The frame construction of this skywalk utilizes steel and concrete in the flooring parts, while the floor covering utilizes the combination of granites and timbers.
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ROLES OF ACTORS INVOLVED Ÿ Ÿ
Ÿ
Society Ÿ Ÿ
Ÿ
Local Government Officials
Ÿ Ÿ
Ÿ Ÿ
Giving suggestions to determine the direction of the regional development; Identifying various potentions and problems existing in the region, including helping to clarify rights to the spaces in the related region and implementing regional layout; Giving informations, suggestions and considerations in arranging design strategies of the related region and also in setting the structure of regional space utilization; Giving suggestions and critics about the implemented regional spatial plans; and Teaming up in researching and developing the region and also helping in the form of human energy.
The related local government officials are playing roles in managing building permission; The related local government officials give and gather suggestions from all actors (including society) related to the regional development; Giving informations, suggestions and considerations in arranging design strategies of the related region and also in setting the structure of regional space utilization; Supervising regional spatial plans; and Securing society’s suggestions in planning regional spaces.
Giving permission to build buidings and public facilities to the owners to build, replace, expand, subtract and maintain buildings in accordance with the valid administrative and technical requirements; Ÿ Examining the documents related to the regional spatial layouts; and Ÿ Asking for help and executing cooperation with some experts in the implementation of the regional spatial planning. Ÿ
Government
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BUILDING & ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN STRATEGY CONCEPTS
Planned green open space (park) which is functioned to reduce the level of air and sound pollution and also functioned as a social facility
Unrented apartment for 75 families
Regional parking lots to accomodate the vehicles of the region’s visitors who would go around the region by rented bicycles.
Student rented apartment as the substitute of 19 boarding houses Unrented apartment for 35 families
Unrented apartment for 75 families
Providing and organizing Tanjung trees along the sides of Jalan Kaliurang to reduce the level of pollutions
Integrated garbage disposal site to collect and process daily regional garbage
All existing vegetations are maintained
Food court sebagai tempat berjualan makanan para pedagang makan yang semula berdagang di trotoar
U
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Footbridge as a facility for pedestrians to cross from one side of a road to another side of another road.
MACRO-SCALE CONCEPTUAL SCHEME
Health
Health
Comfort
Comfort
Prosperity
Prosperity
Existing vegetations are maintained Ÿ Providing and Ÿ Managing Ÿ Enforcing a organizing some residencies by regulation to limit additional Ÿ Providing providing the utilization of vegetations to footbridge as a apartments artificial lightings reduce air and facility to cross Ÿ Enforcing a Ÿ Enforcing a sound pollution from one side of a Ÿ Providing planned regulation to stop regulation to use Ÿ Providing and road to another food court using motor LED lamps to organizing several side of another Ÿ Providing regional vehicles inside the minimize energy urban entities road parking lots region and to use consumptions (water walls & rented bicycles or Ÿ Renovating Trans Ÿ Enforcing a fountains) to Jogja bus stops just go walking regulation to reduce the level of Ÿ Providing planned Ÿ Redesigning reduce the noise sidewalks green open space utilization of air Ÿ Enforcing a (park) conditionings regulation to reduce the utilization of air conditionings Ÿ
Planning Urban Region in the West-side of Depok to Enhance the Level of Health, Comfort and Prosperity of the Society
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Food court terencana
Arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
Selokan Mataram
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Year: 2018 Project Status: Developed architectural design, unbuilt Location: Depok, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Total Site Area: 7.338,6 m² Total storeys: 3 storeys Building Coverage Ratio: 49% Floor Area Ratio: 1,5 Green Coverage Ratio: 61%
For more detailed information about this project, please scan the QR code or open the link below.
41 http://tiny.cc/h09pzy
Sleman
student square Student Square in the Campus of Gadjah Mada University’s Buffer Zone as an Energy Provider and Image Framer Element that is Educative
ABSTRAK Student Square in the Campus of Gadjah Mada University’s Buffer Zone as an Energy Provider and Image Framer Element that is Educative is an architectural design project which takes a zone in the west part of Depok Subdistrict, Sleman Regency, specifically in the north of the campus zone of Gadjah Mada University, as its design subject. The location is chosen because there are some environmental issues happening in it, such as the enhancement of the needs of lands and also density of vehicles. By the existence of both issues, it could result three design variables, such as regional image framer, energy provider and health & comfort booster. Since the chosen zone is densed by commercial buildings, so that it can result a solution which is designing those buildings to be a commercial building that could be more advantageous for its owners, managers, the people around it and also its environment which is a campus zone. The main purposes of this design project are giving thermal and acoustical comfort to the designed building’s users and also creating an energy-saving and eco-friendly commercial building. Thermal and acoustical comfort could be created by using passive strategy which is implemented by providing many openings and applying various building elements which are able to block the radiation of sunlight and to reduce environmental noises. Beside of that, there is also the concept of energy-saving and eco-friendly building which is implemented by applying solar panel and rainwater harvesting systems. By applying all design variables and suitable methods, so that a commercial which is responsive to natural, economical and social environment could be created well. It could be proved from the design testing which resulted some things such as gold rating for a green building the ug which was tested using a measuring instrument called GREENSHIP for New Buildings from Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), success of utilizing daylighting system in some interior parts of the designed building, the efficiency value of the application of rainwater harvesting system is 12.9% and also the efficiency value of the application of solar panel system is 15.46%. Keywords: regional image, energy provider, health & comfort booster, commercial building, passive strategy
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PENDAHULUAN BACKGROUNDS & ISSUES The chosen region is situated in the north-side of the campus region of Gadjah Mada University (UGM), speciďŹ cally in the north-side of Jalan Agro, Depok Sub-district, Sleman District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. In this region, there are lots of important non-architectural that are required to be ďŹ xed, such as the existence of much sound pollution, the density of motor vehicles that usually generates congestions, and also the lack of green open space. RUMUSAN PERMASALAHAN
Regional garbage volume increases
The needs of land increases
Yogyakarta as an educational city
Regional energy emission increases
Population density Lack of green open space
Density of motor vehicles and congestions
Sound pollution
MACRO ISSUES
MICRO ISSUES
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Student Square in the Campus of Gadjah Mada University’s Buffer Zone as an Energy Provider and Image Framer Element that is Educative: Designing with Passive Strategy in Enhancing the Quality of Thermal and Acoustical Comfort
The fouling of the region’s image
Environmental degradation
The decreasing of human health and comfort
Regional image framer
Waste of electrical energy
Energy Provider
Health & Comfort Booster
45 MICRO ISSUES
VARIABLES
PETA KONFLIK
Student Square
Regional Image Framer
Health & Comfort Booster
Energy Provider
The decreasing of the density of buildings Providing ideal ciruculation and evacuation routes
Orders of masses and landscape
Interior spatial layout
Façades
Building systems
Providing and organizing vegetations Utilizing elements that are able to absorb noises Setting appropriate building orientations Applying ideal and interesting accessibility systems Applying the concept of green building and environment
Prioritizing utilization of natural ventilations Applying rainwater harvesting system
Building technologies
Applying solar panels Applying ecofriendly and energy eďŹƒcient lighting systems
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USERS’ FLOW OF ACTIVITIES
Students Doing transactions Arriving
Driving
Parking the vehicle Picking and taking seats
Walking
Doing tasks
Socializing
Praying
Leaving
Sanitizing
for muslims
Non-students Doing transactions Arriving
Driving
Parking the vehicle Picking and taking seats
Walking
Socializing
Praying
Leaving
Sanitizing
for muslims
Providers of goods and services Melakukan transaksi Arriving
Driving
Parking the vehicle Melayani pelanggan
Walking
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Socializing
Praying for muslims
Pulang
Sanitizing
SPATIAL MATRIX & PROPERTY SIZE Space Names
Space Type
Space Dimension (sqm)
Subtotal of the Space Dimension (sqm)
Space Character Rentable
Nonrentable
Small retails Large retails Culinary spot Commercial Salon Fitness centre ATM centre Green space
Inner park Outer park Lobby Security post
Support
Praying room Lavatory Manager oďŹƒce
Service
MEE room Water processing room Car parking area
Parking
Motorcycle parking area Bicycle parking area
LEGEND
Total Area of Rentable Spaces (sqm)
Very closely related Closely related Not related
Total Area of Non-rentable Spaces (sqm) Total Area of The Entire Building (sqm)
Support 13%
Service 1%
Parking 10% Commercial 36% Non-rentable 46% Rentable 54%
48 Green space 40%
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Inner park
Culinary spot
Large retails
Pos keamanan
Salon
Corridor
Water processing room
MEE room Fitness centre
Small retails
Lavatory Parking area
Outer park
Lobby ATM centre
Inner park
Culinary spot LEGEND Public Semi-private Private Rentable Non-rentable
Corridor
Large retails
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Praying room
Manager oďŹƒce Small retails
ORDERS OF MASSES & LANDSCAPE
Alternative Order of Mass 1
Alternative Order of Mass 2
Alternative Order of Mass 3
From the three alternatives of synthesis above, the most suitable one to be applied in order to maximize spatial (interior) comfort is the alternative of synthesis 2. Because if it is applied, the rooms inside the building will be effectively comfortable. Beside of that, the wind could go inside the building so that it would affect a cross-ventilation system and the daylighting system could also be applied by applying shadings, louvers, etc to optimize the intensity of sunlight radiation that directly goes inside the building.
Roof Alternative 1
Roof Alternative 2
From both alternatives of roof position and orientation above, it could be concluded that the alternative 2 is better. So, this building requires to apply the roof position and orientation based on the picture. By resulting the suitable orientation of the building mass and roof, so both can be combined. Therefore, a typical, efficient and responsive building would be resulted.
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PROBLEM SOLVING & DESIGN RESULT INTERIOR SPATIAL LAYOUT Roof Concrete wall
Polycrystalline solar panel Metal roof
Metal roof
Polycrystalline solar panel
Slab
Small retails Lavatory for ladies Lavatory for gents Culinary spot Rainwater shaft
1st Floor
Salon Warehouse
Kitchen
Large retails Warehouse
Warehouse
Culinary spot Lobby Small retails
Large retails
Kitchen Kitchen
Culinary spot
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Fitness centre Lavatory for ladies Lavatory for gents
Upper Ground
Small retails
Culinary spot
Warehouse Large retails Warehouse Culinary spot
Rainwater shaft Warehouse Large retails Lobby Small retails
Kitchen
Culinary spot
Canopy Small retails Lavatory for ladies Lavatory for gents
Lower Ground
Exit ramp Small retails
Motorcycle parking area Inner park Canopy MEE room Water processing room Culinary spot
Warehouse Large retails Small retails Lobby
Kitchen
Inner park Small retails Lavatory for ladies Lavatory for gents Car parking area
Entrance ramp
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CONCEPT OF ORDERS OF MASSES & LANDSCAPE Situation
Inner park
Polycrystalline solar panel
Parking area
Gutter Mataram
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Siteplan
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CONCEPT OF VENTILATION SYSTEM Perspective of Openings
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Plan of Natural Ventilation System
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CONCEPT OF FAÇADES North Elevation
South Elevation
East Elevation
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West Elevation
CONCEPT OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Roof
1st Floor
Rainwater shaft Rainwater pipe Upper Ground
Lower Ground
Rainwater
Fixtures all over the building
pumped
Water processing room
Rainwater container Contained rainwater Soil
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CONCEPT OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Beam 48/96 cm Column 58x58 cm
480 mm
8m
According to the graphic above, it could be seen that the depth/width of the beams that are required to be applied to the building is 480 mm = 48 cm, so that the height of the beams could be calculated as follows. 2 x 48 cm = 96 cm So that the dimension of the beams is 48/96 cm. Therefore, the dimension of the columns could be calculated as follows. 48 cm + (2 x 5) = 58 cm So that the dimension of the columns is 58x58 cm.
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Footplate foundation
CONCEPT OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
LEGEND Sunlight in daytimes Sunlight in afternoons
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PERSPEKTIF
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“It is not possible to design always the same. How to be different in each different place - that is the most important work and duty of the architect to find out.” Jean Nouvel
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