URBAN DESIGN ARCHITECTURE PORTOFOLIO ADINA VISAN 2009-2014
CONTENT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
THE URBAN AND SOCIAL REGENERATION OF BUDDINGE BATTERI ... THROUGH PARTICIPATORY APPROACH - MASTER THESIS BACHELOR THESIS - URBAN DESIGN PROPOSAL ON FRAGMENTED LAND STRATEGIC CONCEPT FOR SOUTH BUCHAREST 2035 HIGH DENSITY HOUSING IN PERIPHERY TRAFFIC PLANNING - PARKING LOT AND URBAN INTERSECTION URBAN RENEWAL IN A CENTRAL NEIGHBOURHOOD MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIBRARY FOR CHILDREN CULTURAL MUSEUM BETWEEN SIX BLIND WALLS
1 +
2014 - 12 weeks Individual work København, DK - Aalborg University København regeneration, citizen participation, urban design, workshops, ideas, strategic, livability
THE URBAN AND SOCIAL REGENERATION OF BUDDINGE BATTERI ... THROUGH PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT
1
2
RESEARCH
The master thesis brings together four different topics in one complex and pragmatic project. Urban design and architecture represent the educational foundation of the bachelor studies and the essential focus of the thesis. The theoretical insight about urban planning gained from Aalborg master programme enhanced the final result of the project. The concept of sustainability is included in the process and in the final solution. And last, but not least, the social dimension is present to satisfy the curiosity and foster the personal interest in human behavior and its relationship with natural and built environment. The idea of the project came as an experiment from one of my mentors and seemed a perfect match to my expectations. Buddinge Batteri works as a real-life project and based on its results, has many chances to become reality. The thesis starts with a brief research about the subject and about the area itself. Involving the citizens and other interested parties represent an essential part of the process and of the result. The findings are filtered using the expert knowledge and transformed into the final solution.
Local problems : - Neglected & unsecure buildings - Abandoned area - Target for unwanted social groups - Vandalizing - Pressure on future development - Rotens - Lack of maintanance plan - Lack of money
Buddinge Battery is located south – west Buddinge district, in Gladsaxe Municipality, north –west Copenhagen. It is part of Copenhagen fortification system together with Gladsaxe, Bagsværd and Lyngby neighbouring forts. It was built between 1888 and 1889 and its role was to support those forts in times of war (Copenhagen Fortification homepage). Buddinge Batteri represents a closed green area within a residential neighborhood composed of detached houses. It has a number of existing buildings, that belong to Kort & Matrikelstyrelsen which they used for their measuring activities. They are not used and have a very poor state.
The battery itself consists of a half-buried bunker which used to have six areas to accommodate the 12 cm cannons, underground ammunition storage and a surrounding mound, that protected the battery. In the last 50 years, the mound disappeared entirely and the hill changed its shape to make room to several buildings. (Copenhagen Fortification homepage). The underground ammunition rooms still exist, but in poor condition. The battery has been in municipality’s ownership for one year and a half now, but no significant changes happened in the area, most probably due to other priorities, lack of funds or lack of interest in general. Presently, the area is closed to public.
1889
BUDDINGE BATTERI FROM ITS BEGINNING UNTIL PRESENT 1888-1889 - The Buddinge Batteri is built.
1914 - Unauthorised construction - a small concrete command post
1920 - The battery is disbanded!!
1943 2006 - There is an proposal coming from Nature Conservation and Gladsaxe Municipality to
1983 - The first municipal plan in Gladsaxe - battery is part of a green, recreational area
preserve the battery and avoid building houses in the area
1992 - Cadastre Agency is abandoning the area and closes it for public
2008 - The proposal draft for conservation is approved
2002
2009 - The case starts and both the municipality and DN have the right to make comments
2002 - Freja company buys Buddinge Batteri Oct 2005 - The exception coming from the Ministry of Culture is denied
Nov 2014 - Local agenda 21 meeting - Buddinge Batteri Jul 2010 - The proposal for conservation is denied in the end
April 2005 - There is an exception formulated by the Ministry of Culture to allow housing in the area Feb 2005 - 2talinvest develops a proposal for a Housing Program in the area
Jan 2013 - Gladsaxe Municipality buys Buddinge Batteri and has 10 years to transform it into a recreational area
Aug 2014 - Gladsaxe City Days - solution for Buddinge Batteri is presented to the residents
2007
Feb 2014 - Urban design project - Master thesis - to find green solutions for the area
now BUDDINGE BATTERI 1
CITIZENS’ INVOLVMENT
3
The involvement of residents and other interested parties into the process was the core element of the thesis. There had been developed interviews with specialists and other relevant parties both in the research and solution stage. Their input contributed in the process and gave a hands-on experience to the overall thesis. The interaction with the residents started with a leaflet (see picture) announcing two workshops about Buddinge Battery. 23% out of 100 invitations attended the meetings.
BROSHURE
PROBLEMS
FUTURE WORKSHOP FANTASY PHASE Dream on and contribute with ideas that are not restricted by finance, environmental or building regulations.
ÅBENT MØDE – kom med dine ideer til BUDDINGE BATTERI som grønt område Lokal Agenda 21 og Gladsaxe Kommune hjælper en studerende ved Aalborg Universitet i Sydhavnen med hendes eksamensprojekt. Hun vil udarbejde et forslag til, hvordan Buddinge Batteri kan blive et sted med forskellige aktiviteter for nabolaget og kommunens borgere. Og hun vil gøre det i samarbejde med dig og andre naboer og interesserede.
PROBLEMS PHASE Identify what obstacles that might occur when implementing the fantasy. It is the process form the initial fantasy to the final result, going through obstacles and restrictions that shape the outcome.
Der bydes på kaffe, the og kage i Grønt Idé Center mandag den 31. marts og mandag den 7. april, begge dage kl. 19-21.
SOLUTION PHASE Create the final solution, identify the changes and prioritize them.
WORKSHOPS’ ATTENDANCY Hullet I hegnet
Opbevaring af ammunition
Husly
Opbevaring af ammunition Højde mærke
Målepunkt til geodata
Tilmeld dig med e-mail til Kim Christiansen, formand for Foreningen Lokal Agenda 21 i Gladsaxe, på kc@ds.dk eller til Adina Visan, studerende, på avisan12@student.aau.dk – vi svarer også på spørgsmål
The input of the workshops had high priority in the solution stage of the project and shaped the new Buddinge Batteri.
‘design professionals today are often part of the problem. In too many cases we design for places and people we don’t know and grant them very power or acknowledgment.’(Jacobs; Appleyard, 1987)
Security and safety problems - violence - dogs without leash - no privacy for neighbors - parties - unwanted people Economic problems - no money - no selling
MAPS DEVELOPED BY THE PARTICIPANTS AT THE WORKSHOPS
Each workshop was conducted following the principles of Open Space Technology, characterized by informality, equal ideas, opportunities to be heard and friendly environment. Future workshops method was chosen for its resilience and adaptability to different types of participants. The stages that characterize it are: fantasy, problems and solution.
Environmental problems - dog walkers - waste - noise from different activities - rats and other similar animals
Community related ideas - functions and (part of) activities
General ideas - visions for the area
Specific ideas - decisions - mostly about the physical environment
community house kindergarten playground - maybe connected to the fortification café art and crafts workshop grill area with necessary facilities small zoo - small animals common building for local associations nature house
recreational green area that is maintained and may function as an urban oasis demolish all the buildings, keep the fortification and bring it to its original state develop activities and mix them with the historical identity
demolish the buildings in bad condition industrial building - demolished use the existing buildings for storage keep the garages , modernize them and use them for storage and selling point for art works renovating the existing buildings demolish the three warehouses remove part of the trees to brighten the area
BUDDINGE BATTERI 2
Physical problems - buildings, infrastructure, etc - the area is not taken care of - plants from the battery invade surrounding plots - quality of the buildings - exclude old and disabled people in case access is by car Social problems - residents are concerned about what could happen - who is responsible for everything? - no privacy for neighbors
EXPERT ANALYSIS
4
ACCESSIBILITY Locked access NO access Staircase that lead up the hill Broken staircase that lead up the hill
The first and one of the most important analysis is the assessment of the existing buildings. The observations from the on-site visits and the conclusions from the map are included in an assessment table of all the existing constructions. They are structured in three categories: historical, solid and temporary. The latest category is proposed for demolition, whereas the others two are proposed for keeping the historical and for a new assessment – the solid. The second assessment is based on five relevant criteria : structure, aesthetics, materials, context, and condition. The criteria stresses both on the general conditions and on the building state. (for example - building number 2 got the lowest ranking – in this way being proposed for demolition or functional and physical conversion.)
Alle Gustav Esmanns
Karl eru Gjel le
Marienborg Alle
ps A
Skjoldborg Alle
The wind analysis defines the areas protected from strong wind
Physical and environmental conditions are there in all conditions and contribute
and the ones exposed to it. Both categories will be taken into
to the sensorial experience of the area. The sun/shade analysis highlights the
consideration when designing the final solution for Buddinge
areas that benefit from permanent sun light and the areas that have less
Batteri.
sunlight because of existing buildings, vegetation or terrain conditions.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT Cramped area - tunnel feeling Heavy access (dense vegetation) Viewing point Visual protection Green protection Exposure Buildings within 3m
Building 1
e
Structure
Gustav Esmanns All
Aesthetics Materials Context Condition
3
6
Temporary buildings Solid/ heavy buildings Historical buildings
s Al e
4
7
erup Gjel
11
8
Skjoldborg Alle
13
12 10 9
Marienborg All e
Karl
2
14
Area exposed to natural light Shadow at sunrise and sunset
Windy areas - powerful wind drafts Calm areas - no or soft wind
Unpaved road
The accessibility analysis highlights the possibility to access the area from four directions, but none of them open to public. This section of the built analysis draws attention to the unexploited potential of this green area and, of course, to the benefits of such a good accessibility for the overall quality of life in the neighborhood. The access around the area is hampered by broken stairways and wild vegetation.
1
SHADOW AND LIGHT
WIND
5
BUDDINGE BATTERI 3
Building 2
Building 5
Building 6
Building 7
EXPERT ANALYSIS
4
CONCLUSIONS - DIAGNOSIS
VEGETATION AND GREEN AREAS
IMAGE AND PERCEPTION
Tree - different dimensions Bush/group of young trees - different dimensions Green fence
CONCLUSIONS - DIAGNOSIS
Visible, exposed areas
Privacy issues
Good views, perspectives
Elements that should be kept with changes
Elements that should be kept and emphasized Elements that should be removed Areas that should be valued and emphasized
analysis conclusions and represents the first step to the solution. Its elements are
The last aspect of the unbuilt environment marks the valuable images and landscapes of the area. They can be represented by an element like the measuring tower, a street or access perspective, or just natural environment.
Areas that should be kept, but reshaped
Gustav Esmanns Alle
The diagnosis puts together all the
Often neglected, the vegetation wholes a landscape and gives it the living dimension. The high and young vegetation concentrated on the hill, battlements areas and along the boundaries of the area, are making the access difficult..
general and open to specific ideas for the
The SWOT analysis reflects the important
Gustav Esmanns
Alle
next step.
2 1
3
aspects to be taken into account before
Karl
4
process
to
the
5
most
s Al e
the
erup
guides
Gjel
the proposal. It helps prioritizing and Karl
trengths
General context local character - located in a housing area, typical suburb, hidden place Built environment real value of the buildings - the story they tell Infrastructure and accessibility good accessibility - connection to 4 roads access for cars and bikes History fortification remains - battlements, staircases visible historical layers - hill from the battery, measuring tower from Kort and Matrikelstyrelsen Unbuilt environment dense vegetation unique terrain condition viewing platform
W
eaknesses
General context proximity to houses - privacy issues Infrastructure and accessibility heavy access within the area - no paths, broken stairways Built environment poor conditions of the buildings History fortification is poor condition especially the command post and the battlements Condition abandoned and not taken care of
Marienborg All e
O
pportunities
Social dimension community involvement and participation in the process the need to socialize within the neighborhood Stakeholders La21 - interested to move their offices in the area and contribute with green ideas Scouts - interested to develop activities in the area local artists - interested for a place to work and store their work arts local associations - interested in a common place for meetings Sustainability dimension general interest in sustainable living and green ideas the chance to educate people what green solutions and sustainable living mean
BUDDINGE BATTERI 4
T
hreats
Social dimension uninterested residents Stakeholders Municipality - different priorities Danish Nature Organization - different perspective on the area Economic dimension no interested sponsors no money
AREA
Skjoldborg Alle
S
Skjoldborg Alle
Marienborg Alle
s Al e
erup
Gjel
appropriate solution.
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
_ great visibility at the entrance _ exposed to all day sun-light and wind drafts _ good overview over the area
_ in close relation with the surrounding plots _ lack of vegetation
2
_ exposed to sun first part of the day _ calm wind drafts _ great historical element - the measuring tower _ surrounded by buildings on three sides - the feeling of ‘outdoor room’
_ proximity to the house next door privacy issues _ space use is conditioned by 16 height labels surrounding the measuring tower
3
_ great entrance view, a little hidden from the street _ open space for diverse outdoor activities _ good visibility from the top of the hill _lot of sun and light in the first part of the day
_ asphalt _ wind drafts _ limited area by the garages and the household
4
_ good viewing point _ exposed to sun light all day _ diverse areas - grass and young forest
_ wind drafts _ neighbors’ privacy affected _ heavy access for old and disabled _ dangerous area on top of the garages
_ natural tunnel _ historical elements on one side _ the battlement offer shelter on bad weather
_ vegetation has the tendency to affect the access in the area _ some historical elements are not visible because of vegetation _ wind currents may form along the pathway _ very close to next door house
1
5
FINAL SOLUTION
5
STORY LINE - SATURDAY, 22ND OF MARCH 2019, BUDDINGE NEIGHBOURHOOD
PROPOSAL
8am The final solution proposes a pocket garden for Buddinge neighborhood, characterized by minor interventions with great social impact. The decisions were taken based on citizen input from the workshops, filtered with expert knowledge. The new Buddinge Batteri is open for the residents and develops indoor and outdoor activities for all the users, no matter their age. It is characterized by a high percentage of green spaces and has all the needed infrastructure for walking and cycling. Each building has a special use and an open relationship with the natural environment. The historical features are enhanced and combined with playground, leisure, sport, art and culture. Buddinge Batteri has a great potential to improve the life quality in the neighborhood, to change people’s perception about the battery and strengthen the fortification system with yet one more element.
Mr. Jensen, from Nordsjællandske Bivenner , is doing his usual check on the bee hives, like any other Saturday morning. He arrives there by bike and parks it in the special bike area, next to Gustav Esmanns entrance. The bike parking is still empty. He rushes to his hives located within the orchard next to the same entrance. 2
1
6
While pulling his bee equipment on, he sees Mrs. Clausen. She is walking her beagle in the special area for dogs, just next to the orchard. Embarrassed, he greets her and carries on with the hives. Both are enjoying the first spring sun shines coming through the blossomed trees. Around is quiet. It is still early.
5
3 4
8:30am
Plot Building Roads Building within Buddinge Batteri area Buddinge Batteri area Old fortification elements Hill Small animal cage
Bee hive Fence Building access Pedestrian access Flea market/Green exchange market Bicycle parking
Alley pavement Mainly pedestrian and bicycle area Parking only for disabled people Climbing wall Orientation area for scouts
Viewing platform
Campfire area for scouts
Entrance pavement
Mini zip-line for children Area for walking the dog
When just about to pack his things, Mr. Jensen is greeted by Henriette, the lady living on Gustav Esmanns number 6. She came to prepare the coffee for Buddinge Community Cafe. She is happy to see she has company, so she invites him for a cup of coffee. He is taking out the tables and the chairs and she starts making the coffee and calls Anne to come with the cake they baked yesterday. They are preparing for a big party - four years since the place opened for public. Mr Jensen and Henriette enjoy the hot cup of coffee next to the measuring tower and start making the plans for today. 9am Mr Jensen excuses himself and takes off on his bike on the bike lane down to Marienborg Alle, as he has business to do in the city. Meanwhile Anne arrives with the cake and with two more friends and joins Henriette at the table. They remember how much fun they had during the workshop when they built the wooden real-size cannon, and how, after four years, people still come here to see it and kids are still climbing it in all the possible ways. At the other entrance of the area, the bike parking started to get crowded – the flea market is about to start. Everybody is placing their things under the canopy and wait for the visitors. Meanwhile, Local Agenda members arrived and prepare their part of the party.
BUDDINGE BATTERI 5
FINAL SOLUTION
5
STORY LINE - SATURDAY, 22ND OF MARCH 2019, BUDDINGE NEIGHBOURHOOD 2pm Karl Gjellerups entrance is now almost full of people. Some came to walk around in the flea market, some came to see the paintings posted on the garages doors and maybe the majority came for the grill and the garden party.Getting around in the area is very easy with the ramps and stairs system. Now that the food is ready, everyone gathered up on the hill, enjoying the March sun. Even Mrs Caroline and her husband Johan, both retired, were able to use the ramps to access the hill with no problems.
11am Mrs Christiansen, living on Skjoldborg Alle 22, is always present at the battery, and very passionate of gardening. Her task today is to go to the green house and make sure the moving boxes have enough water and to prepare the seedlings for tomorrow. On her way there, she passes along the scouts pillboxes and gets scared of the small children hiding behind them. Up on the hill, she sees her next door neighbour, Mr Claus, reading a newspaper on a bench and enjoying the view over the neighbourhood. As she goes through the glass garage, she arrives into the flea market area and gets distracted by some amber jewellery. When she finally arrives to the green house, she has the big surprise to see how tall the beans grew compared to last week. She waters some of the crops and rushes down to the cafĂŠ, where everyone enjoys the cake and the coffee.
1am Time flies when there is good company and beautiful weather. The men start preparing the necessary for the big grill that is about to start, while the ladies look after the kids enjoying the military themed playground. Together with the scouts, they developed two armies and they try to restore the war between Denmark and Germany. One of the kids thinks he is Otto von Bismarck! They use the small red brick buildings and the battlements to hide, made guns out of wood and bags full of water instead of bombs.
4pm Now that the lunch is ready and the sun sends its last sun shines on the area, everybody gathers at Gustav Esmanns entrance, next to the cafe and get ready for the moment everyone waited. The Local Agenda, the scouts and some of the residents have a short presentation of the pictures from the last four years, from the very beginning until the present. The audience sees the evolution of the area and acknowledges the importance of people participation into the development. The people are pleased with the result. Further on, both Local Agenda and the scouts present shortly their next projects and ask for suggestions, ideas or concerns. The last moment of the afternoon is the play prepared by all the aforementioned actors, where they make jokes and imitate well known politicians, Danish actors, important persons and even themselves in relation to current topics or with the evolution of the project.
BUDDINGE BATTERI 5
5:30pm People start cleaning the area and go home. Tomorrow it is a long day – summer is coming and the crops need automatic irrigation!
2 +
2010 - 16 weeks Team work in first 3 phases - 3 persons, Individual work for last phase Ilfov, RO - Architecture and Urban planning University Urban development, urban strategy, public space, concept, vacant land
BACHELOR THESIS
ANALYSIS _ functions
INTRODUCTION
Commercial facilities
Educational facilities Dn
Ukraine
Dn
Health care facilities
Religious facilities
1A
Dn
Dn
1A
1A
1A
ia
Moldov
Hungary
CHITILA
Dn
7 Dn
Dn
Dn
7
7
7
Ilfov County
&
Serbia Montenegro Bulgaria
MOGOSOAIA
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE _ evolution
The studied area is situated in the north-west Bucharest and consists of two municipalities : Mogosoaia and Chitila. It is characterized by very good accessability due to Pan European corridors no. 4 and 9, both road and rail infrastructure. The proximity to the Romanian capital, Bucharest, improves the local economy and local infrastructure. The first stage of the bachelor project is developed in a group of six persons due to its complexity. The aim of this step is to map the area addressing all the main aspects: social, economic, environment and their sub-aspects like: workforce, pollution or road infrastructure. The findings from this stage will influence the next step of the project, developed in three persons.
mixed area - industry + trade and commercial mixed area - housing + trade and commercial mixed area - unused territory + housing mixed area - unused territory + industry
3m
0.75m
10 m
0.75m
3m
Building alignment
Building alignment
Transversal profile Soseaua Chitila
Monuments and archaeological sites from the Bronze Age and Dacica Monuments and archaeological sites from the Bronze Age and Dacica - population evolution Monuments and archaeological sites from the Dacica Age Monuments of art and of memorial value
Building alignment
Monuments and archaeological sites from the Bronze Age
Building alignment
road network railway tracks major intersections
individual housing collective housing trade and commercial services health education religious buildings administrative and institutions manufacturing industry special destination - army unused territory graveyard green areas forests landfill
Transversal profile Bucuresti-Targoviste
municipality territorial limit additional chances to the initial limit
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE _ type
3 m 0.75m
14 m
0.75m
3m
FORMAT:
GENERATION
orthogonal pattern
vernacular pattern
alveolate pattern
projected pattern
linear pattern village/town
BACHELOR THESIS 1
mixed pattern village/ town
HOMOGENEITY homogeneous mixed village/ town
DYNAMICS stable pattern - rigid on hold/pending pattern - flexible under rapid transformation - flexible village/ town
ENVIRONMENT_ pollution
ENVIRONMENT_ air circulation
ECONOMY_ workforce migration
ECONOMY_ indutry sector distribution
Migration towards Prahova County and sur oundings
ENVIRONMENT_ air quality
MOTOC FOREST
MOTOC FOREST
Dn
1A
MOTOC FOREST
MOTOC FOREST
N
MOTOC FOREST
Migration towards Prahova County and sur oundings
MOTOC FOREST
RAIOASA FOREST MOGOSOAIA
RAIOASA FOREST RAIOASA FOREST MOGOSOAIA FOREST
M or igrati oth on er to ma Bu jor ch citie are s st
SPEED
Dn
CHITILA
7
M or igrati oth on er to ma Bu jor ch citie are s st
Administrative limit
Administrative limits
Visual pollution
Major roads
Landfill
Mobile combustion pollution
Swamplands
Pollution from landfills
Areas affected by air pollution and landfills
Very good air quality Good air quality Medium air quality
MOGOSOAIA Employees working in their resident area ( 45% out of total - aprox. 950) Major working areas
CHITILA
tertiary service sector both secondary and tertiary sectors
Employees working in their resident area ( 40% out of total - aprox. 1800) Major working areas in service sector (aprox. 400)
Density bodies forest evapotranspiration
Colentina valey, together with Chitila lake and the forest generate through their perspiration more balanced temperatured during summer, compared to Buchares. The same situation is located in Mogosoaia, being caused by Mogosoaia, Motoc and Bogdana forests. They generate fresh air, which contributes to the overall atractivity and sustainability of the area. Air quality becomes better outside the municipalities centres.
secondary industrial sector
Major working areas in industrial sector (aprox. 1400)
Chitila town and Mogosoaia municipality have in their structure two important national roads, which cause most of the air polution . Also, several landfills represent a real and serious threat for the quality of life in the area, especially in Rudeni village. In the industrial area of Chitila, stormwater is calculated to have a quite mediocre quality. Visual polution is another environmental factor that affects the area due to the low built quality, the lack of protection areas next to the lakes .
The dominants winds in the area can be identified on north east and south west directions. Their spees varies from 3.2-3-5 m/s.
BACHELOR THESIS 2
The studied area is characterised by no agricultural sector, depite the vacant green land available for it. Secondary and tertiary sectors are most likely to develop in the area. The industrial sector is supported by several logistical areas and the tertiary sector by a diverse range of shops, en gros and distribution for construction materials. The industrial sector uses the majority of residents, whereas the percentage in service area is a little lower. Even so, in total, only around 40% of the residents are working in the area. The rest 60% is devided between the unemployed, old population, children and the commuters.
S.W.O.T.
STRENGTHS
- good accessibility - national roads, rail network and city ring - new urban developments - presence of potential touristic areas and protected areas - young andactive population - industrial sector - highly developed
OPPORTUNITIES
- new road infrastructure projects - industrial sector is well developing due to workforce coming from other municipalities, due to other industrial areas positioned in the surroundings of Bucharest - ongoing modernization of the residential areas sewage, potable water etc. - neighboring forests and lakes
NARROWING DOWN
VISION
WEAKNESSES
- uninspired configuration of the road infrastructure - old residential buildings - uncontrolled urban areas - low coverage of urban utilities and services - high pollution from traffic and industrial activities - protected and historical areas not promoted - high level of unemployment
THREATS
- new road infrastructure projects affect the traffic in the studied area causing congestion and pollution - industrial sector development affected by lack of investors(which choose Bucharest), lack of qualified workforce, economic influence from Bucharest and environment restrictions
The second stage of the project changes its focus on a smaller area, situated between the boundaries of Chitila town. The studied area benefits from the river running in the north part and the very important historical area, Mogosoaia Palace. This area is interesting because of the chaotic and uncontrolled development of the housing area on the river shore right in the proximity of an important monument, Mogosoaia Palace. The aim of the project is to change the present situation and create a diverse functional area and a better connection with the cultural attraction. At the moment of developing the project, the area was characterized by a low quality of life, poor architecture, no road network and no connection with the valuable elements of the area.
Administrative municipal limit Proposed limit Existing limit Intervention area Studied area individual housing - existing individual housing - proposed individual housing mixed with trade and commercial collective housing mixed with trade and commercial pedestrian public space
roads with 4 lanes and vegetation roads with 2 lane and with the purpose to collect traffic roads with 2 lane and vegetation roads with 1 lane pedestrial railway area proposed bridge for car traffic proposed pedestrian bridge
trade-commercial
lake
education and culture
protection green area
public spaces with shops
cultural monument protected area
islands proposed to renovation
BACHELOR THESIS 3
county roads
functional conversion
VISION IN PERCENTAGES
ZONING PLAN Study area for stage 4
100%
Total surface :140 ha
Road network
Roads
RESIDENCE RATIO
INDIVIDUAL - COLLECTIVE
Sidewalk
Pedestrian area
50%
Total individual residence :68,7 ha
Underground parking Underground parking access
Collective housing area : 15,1 ha Collective housing with commercial ground floor : 4,6 Ha
15%
Pedestrian passage
Housing Individual housing
BUILT - VACANT LAND RATIO
100 %
Total surface : 140 ha
Collective housing
Services
72,5%
101.5 ha extended area
Commercial Individual housing + shops Collective housing + shops
38,5 ha existing area in the municipality limit
Restaurants Institutions
27,5% Education/culture
School
100%
Total surface:140 ha Kindergarten
HOUSING - PUBLIC
Museum Theater
FACILITIES RATIO
VEGETATION _FACILITIES_INFASTRUCTURE_FUNCTIONS
Total public and green space: 65,4 ha
30 %
Exhibition space Exhibition pavilion
Commercial and services: 16,8 ha
12% 3%
Green areas Open air cultural events area Trees alignment
Education : 2 ha
Green areas on the roads Green area
GREEN AREAS DISTRIBUTION DEPENDING ON SURFACE
Park:17ha - including the protection green area of Mogosoaia Lake
Green and public area: 65,4 ha 38 % 34% 22 %
Protection area : 7,3 ha on Mangului valley
25 ha green areas in residential areas 13 ha public square
3,1 ha alignment vegetation (8216 m)
The third stage of the bachelor project develops a zoning plan and a regulation plan for a smaller area than the one from the previous stage. The housing areas are divided in individual housing and collective housing or apartments. In some cases, due to their position, they may develop commercial services on the ground floor, like small markets, hair dresser’s, pharmacy or coffee shops. Along with the commercial services, several other are proposed : a school and a kindergarten. The public space that serves the housing area and the whole municipality consists of institutions, a commercial area , two cultural areas and restaurants with river view. The two institutional areas may be represented by city hall, post or other public administrative functions needed in urban settlements. The commercial area is not planned to take the shape of a shopping center, but as small shops characterized by identity and human scale. The cultural functions represent a traditional museum and a unconventional exhibition area that overcomes the boundaries of an ordinary exhibition by presenting the works of art in different contexts. The colors represent the area reserved for the function, not the building footprint.
BACHELOR THESIS 4
Green protection area near the lake Pedestrian bridge Wooden pontoon
REGULATION PLAN
DETAILED PLAN - FINAL SOLUTION Study area Alignment of trees Alignment of buildings Administrative unit Plot Housing area L1a, L1b - Individual housing with permitted public utilities L2a, L2b - Individual housing with services on the ground floor L3a, L3b - Collective housing Mixed area M1 - Commercial, offices and services area
The final phase of the bachelor project represents the detailed urban plan for an reduced surface within the studied area. The boundaries lay in close proximity to the lake and its initial state was characterised by a very low percentage of housing, moslty dispersed over the area. The initial diagnosis showed a chaotic and illegal residential development and no strategy in the years to come, despite the importance of the cultural monument places on the other side of the lake. It was thanks to these two arguments, the area became interesting to look into.
Central area C1 - Institutions and administrative buildings C2 - Commercial area C3 - Cultural area
Green area
C4 - Restaurants and recreation area V1 - Public area with unlimited access V2 - Green area for recreation
Improvements
V3 - Green area for the protection of watercourses Underground parking Underground parking access Pedestrian passage Pedestrian bridge
percentage of administrative unit land occupation maximum height
coefficient of land use
The regulation plan divides the area into small areas characterized by several features. There are four types of zones depending on their focus: - the housing area - mainly it consists of residential areas - the mixed area - can combine housing with different services - the central area - consists of public functions like city hall, theater, museum and administrative buildings - the gren area - covers all types of green areas from public parks, to forests, protectio for water, lines of trees on the streets and green squares within the urban area. Each zone has a name and a maximum permitted height for the buildings. Another two regulations are mentioned for every zone: the percentage of land occupation - what percent out of the total plot area can be covered by the building and coeficient of land use - how high can the building be based in its footprint.
BACHELOR THESIS 5
*** The solution is simple and divided into two areas - the residential (yellow) and the public area( shades of purple).The concept suggests a soft crossing between these two areas, introducing the pedestrian walking around into the next type of space, while still finding familiar characteristics from the previous space he visited. Therefore, the first round of residential houses have a commercial ground floor, where different leisure activities are developed, like tea and coffee shops, libraries, workshops and other types of social cohesion. The public area is composed of a commercial centre(south), followed by a museum, an experimental exhibition and a theatre(north). The buildings shape from the public area have been chosen depending on the eye level perspective from the surrounding streets. The alleys from the public green area are directed towards the lake, and further on towards the cultural monument, which gives the cultural theme and attracts attention. The buildings are connected through the alley network that leads the visitor to the end of the perspective, the lake. This detailed urban plan aims to bring social interaction in the public square, shape a comprehensive and efficient urban development and in the same time establish a connection with the surroundings.
3 +
2010 - 15 weeks Team work - 5 & 12 persons in 1st & 2nd phases Bucharest, RO - Architecture and Urban planning University Urban strategy, If not scenario, urban and regional development, metropolitan area, trends
STRATEGIC CONCEPT FOR SOUTH BUCHAREST 2035 The strategic concept Bucharest 2035 is a project initiated by Architecture and urbanism University in collaboration with Bucharest City Hall. Its purpose is to shape a development model for the capital and formulate strategies for its metropolitan area. The projects has been done in a large group of urban design students, under the close supervision of the master programme coordinator. The content aims, in the first instance, to create awareness among the city hall urban planners and politicians regarding the speedy urban development and its influences in all city aspects. The final result represents a comprehensive vision for south Bucharest, vision that takes into consideration all factors that lead urban and economic development, natural and cultural heritage conservation and living standards. The vision is formulated over 25 years and is structured in four phases of implementation.
The group of urban design students has been structured in three smaller groups. Each group has been assingned a part of the teritory, starting from the central area of Bucharest and extending towards south. The area that is about to be presented is located in the south east of the capital, comprising a small part of Bucharest and two small towns called Fundeni and Budesti. The analysis has been developed using the cartograms. Based on the results, a vision has been created by each group.The last step of the project consisted in melting together all three resulted visions in one clear urban plan. Further on, conceptual schemes have been realized for a better representation of conclusions and changes.
ANALYSIS
SETTLEMENT NETWORK
ROAD NETWORK Local road
Rank III - important city with a steady role in the network of settlements
Road under development
Railway tracks
Rank IV - residence of the commune of local importance
National road
Rank IV - rural areas with the potential to become cities
County Road
Rank 0 - the capital - Bucharest
The analysis for the south east part of the area has been done through several cartograms. They are meant to give a general overview for the 13 municipalities included.
DEVELOPMENT INDEX
Important roads in national level
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
<5000 ha
Waterways Harbour
5 - very developed
>9000 ha
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
Water resource - lake, river, spring Forests Agricultural areas
High pollution area
Domestic waste deposit
Risk of flood
The city green-yellow belt
Pollution sources
Earthquake risk area vii msk
Untreated wastewater
Earthquake risk area viii msk
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
ENVIRONMENT
5000-7000 ha 7000 - 9000 ha
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
SURFACES
1 - very poor 2 - poor 3 - medium development stage 4 - developed
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
FUNDENI
FUNDENI FUNDENI
GLINA
GLINA CERNICA
CERNICA
CERNICA
POPESTI LEORDENI
PLATARESTI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
BERCENI BERCENI
BERCENI
BERCENI
VASILATI
BERCENI
VASILATI
VASILATI
VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
BUDESTI
FRUMUSANI
VARASTI
BUDESTI
BUDESTI
BUDESTI
VARASTI
BUDESTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
VARASTI
VALEA DRAGULUI HERASTI
VALEA DRAGULUI
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
GIURGIU COUNTY
SEWAGE AND WATER SUPPLY
ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
HISTORICAL HERITAGE
Electrical network extension priorities
WITH water supply ,NO sewage
high
Palaces
NO sewage , No water supply
average
WITH water supply, WITH sewage
does not need extensions
ILFOV COUNTY
Monasteries and convents
Thermal waters
Average number of monuments
Monuments with extraordinary national value Local ethnographic background
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
Municipalities proposed for the development of rural tourism
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
Spatial diffusion evolution
Companies with foreign Capital evolution
CALARASI COUNTY
CERNICA POPESTI LEORDENI PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
FUNDENI
GLINA
CALARASI COUNTY
1999
FUNDENI
GLINA
POPESTI LEORDENI
Number of employees evolution in
Municipalities proposed for the development of recreational tourism Industry and agriculture sectors
FUNDENI
FUNDENI GLINA CERNICA
Tourist resort of national interest
High number of monuments
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ECONOMIC EVOLUTION Area proposed for touristic development
Fishery
Low number of historical monuments
Archeological sites
GIURGIU COUNTY
TURISM
Very high number of monuments
Historical churches
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
1992
GIURGIU COUNTY
1996
HERASTI
GLINA CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI PLATARESTI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI PLATARESTI
sursa: http://www.mdlpl.ro
VALEA DRAGULUI
BUCHAREST
BERCENI
BERCENI VASILATI
BERCENI
VASILATI
BERCENI VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
BUDESTI VARASTI
FRUMUSANI
BUDESTI VARASTI
BUDESTI
BUDESTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
2005
Both the heritage and the turism cartograms highlight the cultural and natural valuable elements, that will contribute in shaping the final strategy for this regional teritory.
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
PLATARESTI
2000
The environmental cartogram focuses on the natural elements that characterise the area, but also on the possible threaths, like pollution or risk of flooding.
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
GLINA
CALARASI COUNTY
2003
The analysis starts with the urban settlements and their importance on a regional level. Further on, the infrastructure cartogram shows very good accesibility in Bucharest proximity. It also reveals the future projects that connect the capital to its south region and additional modes of transport like rivers and railway.
GLINA
GLINA
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
VALEA DRAGULUI
GIURGIU COUNTY
URBAN STRATEGY 1
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
A decrease in labor market in industry and agriculture in the 90's, followed by a slight increase in 2005. The local economic power is decreasing and makes it difficult for the municipalities to keep up with The development pace. This would lead to a dependency of external labor to increase the economic growth.
ANALYSIS The second part of the analysis approaches more detailed aspects of urban development. A high migration trend has been identified in the previous cartograms, therefore, it is important to take a closer look in the demographic structure and its evolution over the years.
POPULATION
POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION EVOLUTION
3000-5000 inhabitants 5001-8000 inhabitants 8001-10000 inhabitants > 10000 inhabitants
NATALITY RATIO
0.7-0.9 inhabitants /ha - ~ 70-90 inhabitants/ sqkm
<10 births/1000 inhabitants
10-12 deaths/1000 inhabitants
0 % - 10 % - constant
0.9 - 1.1 inhabitants/ ha - ~ 91 - 110 inhabitants /sqkm
10 % - 15 % - slight increase
1.1 - 1.5 inhabitants /ha - ~ 111 - 150 inhabitants/sqkm
10-12 births/1000 inhabitants 12-14 births/1000 inhabitants
14-17 deaths/1000 inhabitants
15 % - 20 % - average increase
>1.5 inhabitants/ ha - >150 inhabitants /sqkm
>14 births/1000 inhabitants
>17 deaths /1000 inhabitants
Main areas that experienced a population increase are the ones located next to Bucharest, next to important roads and next to important environment elements as lakes, rivers and forests.
Bucharest studied area has around 136 897 inhabitants The studied area population is concentrated in the urban areas.
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
GLINA
GLINA
GLINA
CERNICA
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
One of the causes of such trend is the lack of urban facilities, as educational and health care institutions. The mortality and natality ratios, work hand in hand with the health system, and the problematic educational system forces more youngsters every day to move to the capital for studies and find a permanent residence there.
GLINA
CALARASI COUNTY
CERNICA
CERNICA
POPESTI LEORDENI
CALARASI COUNTY
PLATARESTI
POPESTI LEORDENI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
POPESTI LEORDENI
PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
BERCENI
BERCENI
BERCENI
BERCENI
VASILATI
BERCENI
VASILATI
VASILATI
VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI BUDESTI
FRUMUSANI
VARASTI
BUDESTI
BUDESTI
BUDESTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
VARASTI BUDESTI VARASTI
VALEA DRAGULUI
MUNICIPALITIES
HERASTI
NATURAL INCREASE
1998
2010
DIFERRENCE
POPESTI LEORDENI
14103
16068
+13.93%
CERNICA
8207
9559
+16.47%
3852
3846
- 0.15%
6357
7000
+0.15%
5239
5391
+10.11%
FRUMUSANI
4606
5700
+23.75%
PLATARESTI
3993
VASILATI
7353
BUDESTI
9620
9840
+2.28%
VARASTI
6224
6253
+0.46%
VALEA DRAGULUI
3224
4400
HERASTI
3050
3260
BERCENI
GIURGIU COUNTY
GLINA FUNDENI
4297 6509
VALEA DRAGULUI
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI VALEA DRAGULUI
GIURGIU COUNTY
+7.61% -11.47%
-2 - -4
HEALTH CARE 10-20 medical personal 5-10 medical personal
< -6
hospital
<5 medical personal
ILFOV COUNTY
EDUCATION
>60 medical personal
-4 - -6
BUCHAREST
GIURGIU COUNTY
GIURGIU COUNTY
HERASTI
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
ACTIVITIES ZONING
1-4 schools per municipality
metropolitan functions
undeveloped area
5-8 schools per municipality
trade / specialized services
mixed functions : residential, commercial, public administrations and industry
highschool
cultural/aducational activities
mixed functions : residential, commercial, services and industry
1-4 kindergartens per municipality
tourism/leisure
mixed functions : residential, services and agriculture
5-8 kindergartens per municipality
ecological agriculture
mixed functions : residential, local commercial activities and subsistence agriculture
ILFOV COUNTY
BUCHAREST
BUCHAREST
ILFOV COUNTY
area =5517 ha settlement=520 extravilan=4997
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
FUNDENI
GLINA
GLINA
GLINA
GLINA
GLINA
CERNICA CERNICA
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
+36.47%
20 - 30 deplasari/1000 locuitori 30 - 40 deplasari/1000 locuitori 40 - 65 deplasari/1000 locuitori
-2-0
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
+6.88%
MIGRATION RATIO
>0
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI PLATARESTI
CERNICA
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
CALARASI COUNTY
POPESTI LEORDENI
POPESTI LEORDENI
CALARASI COUNTY PLATARESTI
BERCENI
area =7292ha settlement =300 extravilan=6720
BERCENI
BERCENI
VASILATI
VASILATI
VASILATI
area =2733 ha settlement =237 extravilan=2496
VASILATI
VASILATI
area =5012 ha settlement =424 extravilan=4588
CERNICA
area =5580 ha settlement=970 extravilan=4610
BERCENI BERCENI
area =9427 ha settlement=1289 extravilan=8138
area =7149ha settlement =224 extravilan=2662
PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
PLATARESTI
In conclusion, the south east area is characterised by medium accessibility, declining industrial and agriculture sectors, increasing migration and a medium to low standart of living.
12-14 deaths/1000 inhabitants
> 20 % - large increase
GLINA
The changes in activities sector represent another drive for the fluctuations mentioned above . Agriculture has become less atractive and worth for the farmers, therefore the focus goes to the secondary and tertiary sectors, industry and services. Unfortunately, the economic influence of Bucharest, forces many small business to run into bankrupcy adn the rest, to be dependent on the capitalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s workplace.
MORTALITY
-15 % - 0 % - slight decrease
area =7947ha settlement =538 extravilan=6765
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
FRUMUSANI
area =10705 ha settlement =727 extravilan=9978
BUDESTI
BUDESTI BUDESTI
VARASTI
BUDESTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
VARASTI
area =5517 ha settlement=520 extravilan=4997
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
VALEA DRAGULU I
VALEA DRAGULUI
GIURGIU COUNTY
GIURGIU COUNTY
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
URBAN STRATEGY 2
HERASTI
VALEA DRAGULUI
HERASTI
HERASTI
GIURGIU COUNTY
GIURGIU COUNTY
GIURGIU COUNTY
BUDESTI
FINAL URBAN PROPOSAL Spre Pitesti
LIMITS
SCF CHIAJNA
COUNTY LIMIT INTERVENTION AREA LIMIT BUCHAREST BOUNDARY TERITORIAL UNIT LIMIT
Spre Constanta
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE HIGHWAY FORTS BOULEVARD EXPRESS ROAD NATIONAL ROAD MODERNISED NATIONAL ROAD COUNTY ROAD MODERNISED CONTRY ROAD LOCAL ROAD RAYLWAY TRACKS METRO LINE
SCF MALAXA
SCF COTROCENI
CIOROGARLA
BRANESTI
SCF PANDURI
SCF CATELU
BUCURESTI
SCF MILITARI SCF CIOROGARLA
SCF FILARET
CERNICA
m
SCF MANOLACHE
TANGANU-CERNICA
NATURAL ELEMENTS
MANOLACHE
SCF VITAN
SCF DOMNESTI
TANGANU
CATELU
FORESTS/PARKS RIVERS/LAKES GREEN AREA FOR TRAFFIC PROTECTION GREEN AREA FOR RIVER PROTECTION
SCF TANGANU
SCF PORTUL FLUVIAL GLINA DOMNESTI
+ 6 450 locuitori (12%)
FUNDENI-FRUNZANESTI
F1
SCF GLINA
BALACEANCA
FUNDENI BALACEANCA
FUNCTIONS SCF BRAGADIRU
CENTRAL AREAS COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS AREAS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONAL AREAS MIXED AREAS ACTIVITY AREAS INDUSTRIAL, LOGISTIC AND STORAGE AREAS HARBOUR AREA AIRPORT AREA LEISURE AND SPORT AREA UTILITY AREA GRAVEYEARDS AGRICULTURE VACANT NATURAL AREA HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA DISAPPEARING RESIDENTIAL AREA
SCF LEORDENI
GLINA
SCF FRUNZANESTI
POSTA
LEORDENI POPESTILEORDENI
BRAGADIRU
CLINCENI
POPESTILEORDENI PROGRESU
SCF POPESTI
SCF PROGRESU
PLATARESTI
SCF MAGURELE
PROGRESU DOROBANTU
SCF PLATARESTI
+ 4 300 locuitori (8%)
PLATARESTI
CORNETU
SCF JILAVA 2 SCF JILAVA
Spre Craiova
MAGURELE
POSTAVARI SOHATU
JILAVA SCF CUCUIETI
SIMBOLURI
CUCUIETI DUMITRANA
SOHATU
H
GALBINASI
otel
+ 12 364 locuitori
TRAIN STATION
ORASTI
BERCENI
(23%)
DARASTIILFOV
REGIONAL TRAIN STATION
SCF GALBINASI
PADURISU
MIHAILESTI
METRO STATION
BERCENI
SCF CRETESTI
VASILATI POPESTI
FISHING AREA OLYMPIC PARK
SOUTH-EAST VISION
VASILATI FRUMUSANI
+ 14 514 locuitori (27%)
VIDRA SCF VASILATI
FRUMUSANI
LEISURE 1 DECEMBRIE
COMMERCIAL AREA
SCF VIDRA
NUCI APROZI
VIDRA
RESEARCH CENTRE AGRO-FORESTRY CENTR HOTEL ADUNATII COPACENI
AIROPORT
AEROPORT BUCIUMENI
TOURISTIC HARBOUR
+ 16 126 locuitori (30%)
INDUSTRIAL HARBOUR
BUDESTI
SCF BUDESTI
DOBRENI NEGOESTI
METROPOLITAN HOSPITAL
BUDESTI
BIOMASS PRODUCTIO FABRIC
GRUIU
CAMPURELU
GARBAGE COLECTION AREA
VARASTI
SOLAR PARK
HERESTI VARASTI
FORESTS
VALEA DRAGULUI
PARK
HERESTI
SCF GRADISTEA COLOBASI
RADOVANU
INTERMODAL KNOT
VALEA DRAGULUI CRIVAT
STORAGE AREA LOGISTIC CENTRE COSTINARI
OFFICE/BUSINESS AREA
TRANSFER AREA
Spre Ruse
PRODUCTION AREA
MUSEUM BICYCLING PATHS CINEMA
PARCUL NATIONAL COMANA
URBAN STRATEGY 3
Spre Tutrakan (Bulgaria)
URBAN ACTIVITIES
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
BUILT-UNBUILT RATIO
The outcomes of the analysis were reflected upon and transposed into a general vision, that has been merged with the other two similar visions. The final part of the project is the final strategy for south Bucharest for 2035. The plan shows a fast urbanization in the proximity of the capital, new transport infrastructures, extended settlements, new centralised facilities and new regional and national projects as the airport or the olympic park.
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESIDENCE
NATURAL-BUILT RATIO
***
The schemes represented in the right side of the page were developed to create a clear understanding and a better visibility among politicians and public media. They are presented in parallel to the existing situation to understand the changes better.
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
The last four schemes present the implementation process over four phases of each four years. It is here where the projects are prioritised depending on their lenght, importance or location.
URBAN STRATEGY 4
PHASE
4 +
2009- 4 weeks Individual work Bucharest, Ro - Architecture and Urban planning University Periphery, vacant land, high density housing, modules
HIGH DENSITY HOUSING IN PERIPHERY
GENERAL URBAN PLAN
This residential project challenges the idea of dull outskirts with a high density housing on a quite different layout. The target is to reach the highest density and keep housing standards on a medium to low level.
School + Kindergarden
The theme, translated exactly from romanian as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;carpet housingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, represents another hybrid of row housing, by playing with modules. The modules can be shaped in I, L or U and by using them into a composition, can create original landscapes.
Green semi public/ terraces and public areas characterize the residential area. The one-way streets lead to less traffic, more safety and create an intimate feeling. The transition from the house to the outdoor terrace is done through a small green house, that has the role to keep the indoor temperature stable and bring a little bit of green inside the house. The geographical orientation of the housing units permits natural light to penetrate the more active areas and warm up the ones that lack solar light.
FACADES
HIGH DENSITY HOUSING 1
TYPE 1 HOUSE
TYPE 2 HOUSE
a
Each housing unit offers 2 floors with a private area on the ground floor and an outdoor terrace at the first floor. The ground floor is organized between kitchen, dinning and living areas, staircase and entrance.
6.00
4.00
0.15
10.00
1
4.00
0.15
0.15
6.00
0.15
3
BEDROOM A =10 sqm
b
GREEN HOUSE A =4,5 sqm
BEDROOM A =10.5 sqm
KITCHEN A=7.6 sqm
TERRACE A = 36 sqm
BATHROOM A = 3.5 sqm
2
BEDROOM A =7.3 sqm 10.00
9.70
9.70
10.00
10.00
9.70
9.70
BEDROOM A = 6,5 sqm
2
KITCHEN A= 9,7 sqm
LIVING AND DINNING A= 22 sqm
TERASSE A =16 sqm
BATHROOM A = 2.5 sqm
BATHROOM A = 3.2 sqm
BEDROOM A = 9.2 sqm
TERRACE A = 36 sqm
3
TERRACE A =22 sqm
b'
BATHROOM A= 2.5 sqm
LIVING AND DINNING A = 18 sqm
BEDROOM A =10sqm 0.15
0.53 1.10
2.60 0.17
0.90
0.61
3.07
1.62
1.19
1.08
6.00
1.30
0.15 0.77 0.15
0.15
2.48 3.70
0.15 10.00
3.70
0.17 5.99
3.70
1
GREENHOUSE A =7,9 sqm
0.15
0.75
0.10 0.90 1.29
0.15 0.61
2.23
0.15
B
A
C
A
B a'
A-A'
B-B'
HIGH DENSITY HOUSING 2
A
B
4.00
0.72
6.00
6.00 10.00
0.15
10.00
10.00
a'
SECTIONS
10.00 6.00
4.00
10.00
House type nr. 1 makes space for a small bedroom at the ground floor, which would make a total of three bedrooms per unit. House type 2 has a more relaxed ground floor subdivision and only 2 bedrooms at the first floor.
a 10.00
C
A
B
5 DESIGNING AN URBAN PARKING ON FREE LAND BETWEEN FOUR DIFFERENT SIZED ROADS The exercises purpose is to design an urban parking lot limited by four roads with different dimensions. The aim is to accommodate as many parking spaces as possible, while keeping an easy structure and good accessibility. Case studies and desk research have contributed to the final solution in terms of the most efficient parking lot distribution, distances and dimensions needed.
The traffic project challenges the concept of urban planner and presents another side of city planning.
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
EL
239 x 99 x
4x
4x
13 x TRAFFIC PLANNING 1
5 PLANNING AND DESIGNING AN URBAN INTERSECTION
II
II
PHASE 2
PHASE 1
PHASE 3 3
I
1 3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5 1
PHASE 4
3
I
I
I 42
The project addresses an imaginary intersection between two different sized urban roads. The tasks involve designing the intersection and planning the traffic lightning .
II
II
3
15 LANES
LANE WIDTH
VECHICLES
3.5 3.5
NECESSARY TIME FOR PEDESTRIANS TO CROSS INTERSECTION ROAD WIDTH
ROAD CATEGORY
TIME(S)
24.50 M 17.50 M
7
3
1 3.5
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
3.3
0.2 3.5
3.5
3.5 3.50 3.50
8.50
3.5 1 3
ROAD CATEGORY
24.51
The intersection design consists of making space for all necessary activities - car traffic, bus stop, and parking, ensure the necessary turning angles and the pedestrian crosses. The design process is based on a thoroughly research on traffic technical characteristics and standards used in transport infrastructure. Planning the traffic lightning is mostly based on personal observation and experience. A small research has been developed to create an understanding on how time is perceived both by pedestrians and drivers. Based on the findings, time has been allocated for each direction.
50
1200
17.50
1410
TRAFFIC LIGHT CYCLE ROAD CATEGORY
DIRECTION
MOVEMENT FLOWS ON DIRECTIONS STRAIGHT AND RIGHT
ROAD CATEGORY
DIRECTION
%
VEHICLES/ HOUR
VEHICLES/ CYCLE
VEHICLES/ LANE
PHASE 1
STRAIGHT
CAT I
LEFT
CAT II
RIGHT LEFT
STRAIGHT AND RIGHT
CAT I
STRAIGHT
1800
1590
3
1590
1800
LEFT
PHASE 2
RIGHT 1 3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5 1
3
CAT II
LEFT
CAT I
PHASE 3
STRAIGHT AND RIGHT
CAT II
LEFT
CAT I
PHASE 4
STRAIGHT AND RIGHT
CAT II
1410
1200
TRAFFIC PLANNING 2
LEFT
PEDES TRIANS
VEHICLES /PUBLIC TRANSPORT
NECESSARY TIME(S)
PROPOSED TIME(S)
6 +
2009 - 8 weeks Team work - 2 persons Bucharest, RO - Architecture and Urban planning University Urban renewal, urban neighbourhood, conversion
URBAN RENEWAL IN A CENTRAL NEIGHBOURHOOD
ANALYSIS The studied area is located in one of the oldest neighbourhoods from the central area of Bucharest. It is dominated by houses and gives the viewer an historical and bohemic atmosphere.
SOCIAL ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONS Individual housing Temporary housing Offices Education
Church Health Commercial
VEGETATION
Urban life
- < 25 sqm/resident
Streets with little or no vegetation
< 150 sqm
Major intersections
- 25-50 sqm/resident
Areas with little or no vegetation
150 - 300 sqm
Interest pole generating pedestrian traffic
- 50-100 sqm/resident
Vegetation of the sidewalks Major trees on the plots
300-500 sqm
Construction Site High pedestrian traffic
Functional disfunction
Over the years, many modern and unappropiate buildings have crossed the urban regulations and made room for unaestethic volumes. The purpose of this project is to find the balance between the old and the new, keep a medium to high building quality, incourage social cohesion and improve the urban image of the area
SURFACES
Green lawns
500-800 sqm 800 -1000 sqm < 1000 sqm
Walnuts
MILITARY EXPERTISE LIBRARY OFFICES
OFFICES DENTISTSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ASSOCIATION
LUNG HOSPITAL
ISRAEL EMBASSY CHURCH
SCHOOL CHURCH
UNIVERSITY
CAR
Therefore, the analysis for the existing area approaches both the built and unbuilt environment, as both have essential influence over the aspects mentioned above. In order to create the most appropiate and fit renewal strategy, the analysis must give an overview on each aspect.
SERVICE
INFRASTRUCTURE
BUILDING HEIGHT
Good road condition
2nd category road - 4 lanes - 14m
Satisfactory road condition
3rd category road - 2 lanes - 6-10m
Bad road condition
4th category road - 1 lane - 3-3.5m
Restricted vehicle traffic
Medium car traffic
Public transport routes
Low car traffic
BUILDING-PLOT RELATIONSHIP
1-2 floors
Private property
Aligned to the street
Isolated
3-4 floors
Public property
Back of the plot
On the plot side limit
5-6 floors
Private state property
Suggested alignment depending on all buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; position on the street
>6 floors
Buildings that do not follow the alignment rule
Rear end
The functional analysis shows a balanced and diverse structure of facilities over the residential neighbourhood. The social lofe of the area happends punctual, in the intersections and its generated by the church or several points of interest like shops. The transport infrastructure is characterised by small narrow street, some of them one way streets, that keeps the character local and produces reduces car traffic.
LEGAL REGIME
URBAN RENEWAL 1
ANALYSIS An overview over the land occupancy percentage and land use ration are meant to give information about the way the land has been used in the studied area and the ration between the buildings and the plots. The land use ratio shows average coeficients, that being translated into an appropiate building height for the plot surfaces. The land occcupancy percentage reveals that more than half of the area is characterised by quite large buildings in comparison with the available plot surface. This highlights the trend of large housing area and small garden space, very specific for central areas. The two black and white analysis stress on the ration between built environment and vacant environment. In this case, the upper one reveals a high housing density, that together with the little free space, can lead to lower living standards, more indoor activities than outdoor activities, decreased vegetation and green areas and the appearance of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;tunnel feelingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.
LAND OCCUPANCY PERCENTAGE
SURFACES
FENCING Fencing materials:
0 - 40 % 40 - 50 % >50 %
Roofs:
wrought iron
framing roof
metal sheet wood
terrace roof
stone with metal structure
Homogeneous image
wire
improvisations
LAND USE RATIO 0-1 1 - 1.8
VACANT SPACE VS BUILT SPACE
Square Rectangular Irregular
Degrated apperiance mismatching the area character
BUILDING PHYSICAL CONDITION Bad Medium
> 1.8 Good
VALUABLE ELEMENTS Byzantine architecture Classic architecture
Eclectic modern architecture
Romantic architecture
Postmodern architecture
Eclectic architecture
Excellent
New romanian architecture
Several detailed aspects, as fencing, valuable architecture and physical condition give us a closer image of how the area looks like and what is is specific for it. The punctual elements will be taken into consideration in the proposal phase.
URBAN RENEWAL 2
BUILT SPACE VS VACANT SPACE Modern architecture
1900 type architecture Buildings with little or no architectural value
ANALYSE SYNTESIS
RENEWAL PROPOSAL The conclusions drawn from the systesis are implemented into a final renewal solution, while filtered through the regulations map. The final proposal is developed for a smaller area and presents all necessary changes that might lead to an improved urban image, higher living standards, increased social activities and improved environmental factors. The change is not meant to be radical, but small and punctual.
Individual housing Temporary housing Offices Education Church Health Service and commercial Very tall buildings creating discomfort to the surroundings with lower height
Elevated buildings
Kept buildings
Public and semi-public spaces limit
New buildings
Demolished buildings
Plot reconfiguration
Too high land use ratio
Renovated buildings
Buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; alignment
Pedestrian area
Little or no street vegetation
Valuable buildings
Street alignment
Building extension
Valuable architectural building Too high land occupancy percentage
Plots with little or no vegetation
Public space with activities
Plots with area higher than 100 sqm Plots with area lower than 150 sqm Degraded image, misfitting the area character Homogeneous image
REGULATIONS individual housing collective housing with average 4 floors height religious activities education offices individual housing that need to be renewed according with the architectural characteristics functional reconversion from service area in individual housing valuable individual housing - emphasising the area character through its architectural style protected individual housing area individual housing area with low height that needs facade refurbishment semi collective housing greening individual housing area with medium height that needs revitalization through the adjacent urban centers and their architectural value necessity for a local urban plan
URBAN RENEWAL 3
URBAN RENEWAL 4
7 2009 - 4 weeks Individual work Bucharest, Ro - Architecture and Urban planning University Architectural concept, library, multifunctional space +
MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIBRARY FOR CHILDREN
LIBRARY PLAN round, organic and inviting shapes
8
The childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s library gathers together in one project the challenge of designing an area for children and different areas for adults. The library for kids works like a workshop area, with round tables where children can read and work together. It has direct light from the glass roof and glass walls all around surround it.
B 0.43
simetry closed interiour cycle
3.73
3.1 EXHIBITION
3.18
4.54
4.25
3.35 EXHIBITION
A
A'
EXHIBITION 3.85 1.05
2.47
0.00
1.05
1.90
FLOWER SHOP
CHILDREN LIBRARY 0.44
11.45
5.44
On the opposite side, a terrace is designed for both the kids and their parents. The art gallery is visible both from the inside and from the outside. The high glass windows permit natural light to get in. There is a direct access from the library, for parents.
my favorite number!
2.00
-10 cm
According to the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements, a flower shop is designed to be part of the same building. It blends into the landscape due to the glass structure and creates a strong link with the surrounding park that guests the multi functional building.
-20cm
-32 cm B'
-44 cm
-44 cm
TERRACE
-56 cm
-32 cm -44 cm
0.97 1.2 2.67
4.00
1.
0.56 0.9
4.25 6.75
4.29 0.9
2.39
27.4
2.64
3.68 1.8
1.76
MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIBRARY 1
2.29 1.8
0.81 1.13 3.5
FACADES & SECTIONS
The building has a flat profile and counts on a minimal intervention within the natural area. The glass structure permits see-through and a better link with nature and the wood used for pavement and roof match with the trees specific for a park. The library promotes a better connection for the kids with the nature and invites them to play outdoor, access the close lake and benefit from the fresh air, bright light and beautiful view of nature.
4.40
4.50
south-east
4.00 3.59 3.00
0.00
b-bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
north-west
4.50 3.59
4.00 3.00
0.00
a-aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
south-west
north-east
MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIBRARY 2
-10 cm
8 +
2010- 2 weeks Team work - 2 persons Bucharest, Ro - Architecture and Urban planning University Architectural concept, cultural museum, pedestrian area, historical centre, interwar buildings
CULTURAL MUSEUM BETWEEN 6 BLIND WALLS
GROUND FLOOR
1ST FLOOR
The project represents a two week conceptual project for a cultural museum to be located in the historical city centre of Bucharest, among several valuable buildings.
A'
A' 1
MUSEUM ENTRANCE
2
MUSEUM SHOP
3
STAFF OFFICE
4
INFORMATION POINT &TICKETS
5
TOILETS AND WARDROBE
6
EXHIBITION AREA
1 2
1
3
CONFERENCE ROOMS OFFICES TOILETS
4
INFORMATION POINT
5
TICKETS AND WARDROBE
6
EXHIBITION AREA
1
1 1
1 EXHIBITION AREA 2 LIBRARY ( floor withdrawn) 1
The task is particularly hard, as the plot represents the ‘leftovers’ of an urban island, ‘populated’ with many interwar buildings. The existing buildings are coloured using a hatching texture. As result, the studied area (marked with a red dashed line) functions as a coridor between the existing buildings and has access to 3 pedestrial streets.
5.00
0.00 2
1 CAFETERIA 2 ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY
2
2
2
1 3
C'
2 3
A
C' A
4
ILLUMINATOR 1
2 3
4
1
5
ILLUMINATOR 4 5
1 GRAPHICS AND PHOTO LAB 2 MAINTENANCE WORKSHOP 3 RESTORATION WORKSHOP
5
4 CONSERVATION WORKSHOP 1 AUDITORIUM 2 TERRACE
2
The core idea of this project is to turn the challenges into advantages, in this case, see the blind walls as something special, not as an obstacle in the designing process. They become the base of the museum, where all parts lean on.
5
6 CURATOR OFFICE
5
7 STORAGE AREA 8 STAFF AREA
3 WARDROBE AND TOILETS
3
B
5 RESEARCH OFFICE
7
6
9 CHANGING ROOM
6
6
B
8
B 5.00
B
0.00
9
FLOOR WITHDRAWAL
C
C ILLUMINATOR
ILLUMINATOR
1
The cuts in facades have been drawn depending on the eye-level perspective of each street and with the purpose to create an intimate an inviting feeling for guests and raise curiosity for pedestrians.
1
1 EXHIBITION AREA - BIG SIZED OBJECTS 2 TOILETS 3 TICKETS AND WARDROBE
2
1
3
3 2
1 2
COFFEE SHOP TOILETS
ILLUMINATOR 1
2
2
EXHIBITION AREA - BIG SIZED OBJECTS
2
TICKETS, WARDROBE
3
TOILETS
1
ILLUMINATOR
1 TEMPORARY EXHIBITION AREA - HALF COVERED 2 COFFEE SHOP
CULTURAL MUSEUM 1
On ground level, the connexion between the five buildings is made through the pedestrian coridor among them. On the next level, three of the museum parts are connected through a glass passage. The other two represent offices and a public cafe. One of the biggest downside of such a design is the lack of natural light, assured in this project through glass facades. Additional, several illuminators have been located on the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s corner (to offer light into the buildings from another perspective) and on the ground - to illuminate the underground floor. Due to the limited surface, the museum is an experimental project, with the main purpose to increase social cohesion, generate urban activities and offer a diffferent architectural view in an area dominated by the same interwar buildings.
CULTURAL MUSEUM 2
THANK YOU ADINA VISAN VISNA.ADINA.14@GMAIL.COM