LINK
HOTEL +HUB Start Up CAMPUS SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORNIA
3
Interactive Building Design for Collaboration & Interaction
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Architecture Department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Architecture Savannah College of Art and Design
By
Adriana Maria Acosta Savannah, GA February, 2013
Interactive Building Design for Collaboration & Interaction
Adriana Maria Acosta Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters of Architecture at The Savannah College of Art and Design Š February, 2013. Adriana Maria Acosta The author hereby grants SCAD permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic thesis copies of document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author and Date _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________/___/___ Committee Chair _____________________________________________________________________/___/___
Committee Member _____________________________________________________________________/___/___
Interactive Building Design for Collaboration & Interaction
Adriana Maria Acosta
February, 2012
This thesis focus on creating a full-service facility to foster entrepreneurship and new business opportunities for start-up companies from different cities across the country in San Francisco by offering workspace and long and short stay accommodations with the purpose of maximizing interaction, collaboration, productivity and new creative ideas. The new campus will allow the start-up companies to collaborate, share and merge ideas with laboratories, offices, conference rooms, and lodging, in addition to entertainment and networking facilities. Develop an architecture that supports an entrepreneurial community, their ideas and business opportunities. 9
MANIFIESTO Architecture can influence people’s behavior to power up human relationships, productivity, recreation and pleasure. Environments have the power to stimulate mind, body and spirit for efficiency, effectiveness, and betterment human relationships in a community environment.
11
13
INTRODUCTION
Investigating innovative design to enhance
designs to the lifestyles of younger generations of
collaboration and interaction to ultimately apply them
business travelers. This study pursues interactive
to a new type of building program that consists of
architecture on the way we work and live; i.e. how
creating a full-service facility to foster entrepreneurship
technology impacts the way people communicate
and new business opportunities for start-up companies
and interact with each other.
from different cities across the country in the Silicon
Valley community.
The purpose is to understand how a building
can influence and facilitate collaboration through
This thesis will explore design trends in working
innovative working space and interactive long and
spaces to enhance collaboration and facilitate the
short-term accommodations. The goal is to enable
birth of new creative ideas, as well as productivity
networking and a sense of community between
through implementation of technology, open floor
different start-up companies and individuals in order to
plans, and social interaction. In addition, this research
develop creative ideas and new business opportunities
investigates how the hospitality sector has adapted its
within a building design.
15
LIST OF IMAGES
* Unless noted other wise all other images are by author IMAGE 1 O+A, www. O+A.com, 2011, http://www.o-plus-a.com/what-we-do/. IMAGE 2 O+A, www. O+A.com, 2011, http://www.o-plus-a.com/what-we-do/. IMAGE 3. The Larkin Building, Bufalo New York by Frank Lloyd Wright IMAGE 4 Figure 3. The Larkin Building, Bufalo New York by Frank Lloyd Wright IMAGE 5 Generic office space in New York IMAGE 6 Facebook Office – Austin, TX by Lauckgroup IMAGE 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 David Basulto, “Facebook Offices / O+A Studio,” Archdaily, Sept 2009, http://www.archdaily.com/34602/ facebook-offices-oa-studio/ (accessed Sept 15, 2012 ).
IMAGE 13, 14 James S. Russel, “Facebook, Gehry Build Idea Factory for RipStik Geeks,” Bloomberg, Aug. 25, 2012, http://www. bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-24/facebook-gehry-build-idea-factory-for-ripstik-geeks.html#disqus_thread (accessed Oct. 05, 2012). IMAGE 15 Lobby W Hotel Miami IMAGE 16 Aloft Hotel Room. http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2005_3rd/Sep05_aloft.html IMAGE 17 W Hotel Downtown Atlanta Shower MAGE 18, 19, 20 “Archdaily,” W London Leicester Square / Jestico + Whiles, Jun 05, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/138600/wlondon-leicester-square-jestico-whiles/ IMAGE 21, 22, 23, 24 The Ace Hotel, New York / Roman and Williams,” Archdaily, March 07, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/52016/ ace-hotel-roman-and-williams/ IMAGE 25, 26 Fresh Water Pavilion. http://weburbanist.com/2010/08/08/blobitecture-11-cool-ways-architecture-gets-a-round/ I
17
IMAGE 27, 28 Casa Girasole. http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/1935-villa-girasole-rotating-house-followsthe-sun.html IMAGE 29, 30 Dilbert’s Ultimate Cubicle in Collaboration with IDEO. http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/dilberts-ultima-36445 IMAGE 31, 32 The new Media Lab complex at night. Photo: Andy Ryan. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/media-lab-0304.html GROUP IMAGE 33 30 Under 30, America’s Coolest Young Entrepreneurs 2012 www.inc.com GROUP IMAGE 34 Spencer, Neil. Who Works for a Startup, Visual News, 03 February 2012, http://www.visualnews.com/2012/02/03/ who-works-for-a-startup/?view=infographic GROUP IMAGE 35 www.bio.com GROUP IMAGE 36 Start-Up Map, http://startup-map.datalysed.com/ IMAGE 37 Hotspots for Startup IT Jobs, http://www.payscale.com/it-jobs
IMAGE 38 Innovate SF, http://map.innovatesf.com/ IMAGE GROUP 39 www.hub.com IMAGE GROUP 40 www.bing.com/images/sanfranciscohotels IMAGE GROUP 42 http://transbaycenter.org/project/program-overview IMAGE GROUP 43, 44 www.bing.com/streetview IMAGE 45 http://www.mikeernst.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/SF_topo_big.jpg IMAGE 46 Earthquake and Hazard Program. http://quake.abag.ca.gov/shaking/ IMAGE 47 San Francisco Energy Map, http://sfenergymap.org/
19
CONTENT
15_ INTRODUCTION 22_ THE EVOLVING WORK ENVIRONMENT IN TECH COMPNIES 42_ HOME AWAY FROM HOME 64_ INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE 81_ RESEARCH CONCLUSION
122_ SAN FRANCISCO CLIMATE 132_ PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 138_ SCHEMATIC DESIGN 152_ DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 176_ THESIS CONCLUSION
84_ USER PROFILE 106_ THE SITE 21
THE EVOLVING WORK ENVIRONMENT IN T E C H C O M P A N I E S Tech companies have revolutionized the way
long been a mecca for tech entrepreneurs.”1 In fact,
in which offices and working spaces have been set
51% of the $7.6 billion venture capitalists invested in
up for years. New design ideas have been introduced
the second quarter of 2011 went to California-based companies, according to research firm CB Insights. 2
in the work space in order to optimize creativity and productivity through interaction, collaboration, and
Like their colorful apps, workspaces in tech
recreation. Working spaces have turned into working
companies are vibrant and energetic. The firm O+A,
experiences. Tech companies try to layer experiences
based in San Francisco, has become a pioneer in tech
and outstanding comfort to make employees happy,
design, with clients like AOL, Facebook, and Microsoft.
thereby maintaining a high level of energy for
Primo Orpilla, principal at O+A, describes their work as
productivity and better creative ideas.
“spatial branding”; and says they believe as a firm that
“work environments grow organically from the culture of
Most of these companies are located in the Bay
Area: “With its tech-friendly culture, pool of engineering
the client” said Primo.
talent and extensive network of angel investors and
venture capitalists, San Francisco and its suburbs have
is using the space so that they can transform it into a
22
Their focus is to understand the culture of who
unique environment. Their design ideas explore how
IMAGE 1
people live and work by breaking boundaries and mixing work and play.3
Understanding how working spaces have evolved
for tech companies opens up the idea of how they can influence the way people work. These new environments are a reflection of what tech companies produce and create for the use of millions of people across the world.
IMAGE 2
23
1
Laurie Segall, "Why San Francisco is tech's utopia," October 17, 2011: 1.
2
Laurie Segall, "Why San Francisco Is Tech's Utopia," October 17, 2011: 1.
3
O+A, www. O+A.com, 2011, http://www.o-plus-a.com/what-we-do/.
25
HISTORY OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT Summary from Office Book Judy Graf Klein
development of communication, machinery and
other technological tools, gave birth to the clerical
In order to understand the ergonomics of new
sector.
office spaces in tech companies, it is important to
review the early history of office spaces.
described the evolution of the modern office in
The earliest office to be dated can be described
three stages. In the course of the first stage the only
as a space where some kind of exchange was made.
technology was pen and ink, used by males who were
During the agrarian economy, “offices� could have
very skilled at writing insurance polices. They worked
been the kitchen where workers were paid and goods
side by side at wooden desks, where gas lamps, stoves
where exchanged; these spaces where usually at
and fireplaces supplied heating.
homes.
specific and tough duties.
After the Industrial Revolution, offices where
During the 19th century, architect Francis Duffy
Throughout the second stage, clerks executed Their workstations were
taken outside the home to cover administrative and
laid on open floor plans and more technology was
commercial needs. The Industrial Revolution, with the
introduced, like typewriters and telephones.
26
During this period women joined the workforce. Buildings were designed to capture as much daylight as possible, and to provide fresh air and ventilation. 4
IMAGE 3
According to Duffy, the third stage began in the
1970’s. During this stage, thousands of workers were still needed for small transactions, but now technology played a more important role. Office buildings and interiors were designed based on the user with sophistication and with efficiency in mind. By 1970’s offices were characterized by cubicles and perimeter private offices where employees have been isolated in their big individual workstations with visual and acoustic privacy.
IMAGE 4
27
IMAGE 5
Nowadays, innovation plays an important role
in office design. Design firms as well as their clients believe that collaboration is the key for successful work environments. “Collaboration is central to the development of new ideas, procedures, products and creations�.5 Workstations were replaced with benching systems, and executives were moved to a central axis to increase collaboration and sustainability.
IMAGE 6
4
Judy Graf Klein, Office Book, ed. John Smallwood (New York, New York:
Fact On File). 5
Diane Stegmeier, Innovations in Office Design (Hoboken , New Jersey:
John Wiley & Son, 2008).
29
DESIGN TRENDS CHANGING THE WORK ENVIRONMENT
Knoll, a leader in furniture design for the work
For example, design firms like O+A have mastered the
environment, as well as design firms, like Gensler and
art of collaborating in the workplace by eliminating
O+A, among others, have studied and described new
the workstation and introducing benching systems;
design trends in the workspace that have been led by
collaboration becomes automatic. Also, collaboration
leading tech companies in the Silicone Valley. These
spaces that break away from the ordinary conference
trends can be categorized as follows:
table in favor of lounge furniture to increase interaction in open spaces.
- Collaboration:
-
Companies consider collaborating, learning, and
Workspaces are required to be designed in a way that is
socializing as important as focusing on one’s own
compatible with the fast growth of communication and
task. Gensler’s 2008 Workplace Survey confirms that
technology. Nowadays designers are incorporating
employees at
top-ranked companies consider
new technology to create dynamic spaces and to
collaboration two times more critical than employees
facilitate mobile offices. New building technologies
at any average company (43% versus 21%).6
also facilitate efficient work by employees.7
30
Collaboration through Technology
According
to
David
Coleman,
consultant
for
Collaborative Strategies, technology and social media have become the platform to collaborate easily.8 -
Collaboration through Social Interaction
For top-performing companies, socializing among their employees was crucial for more productivity. In order to increase socializing and interaction between employees, firms are focusing on designing for a specific culture. 9 Interaction is also introduced to the workplace by the implementation of the open floor plan.
Employees
have learned to embrace the idea of the open space because it reflects democracy and transparency in the workplace.10 31
6
Janet Pogue, The Office Evolution, Gensler (Gensler, 2009), 4.
7
Andrew Garnar-Wortzel, Trex Morris, and Christine Barber, “Workplace
Mobility,” Corporate Real Estate Journal, Gensler (2010), 15. 8
Joe Aki, “Five Trends that are Dramatically Changing Work and
Workplace,” New Ways of Working LLC, Knoll (2011), 15. 9
Andrew Garnar-Wortzel, Trex Morris Christine Barber, “Workplace
Mobility,” corporate Real Estate Journal, Gensler (2010), 15. 10
O+A, www. O+A.com, 2011, http://www.o-plus-a.com/what-we-do/.
33
IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIVE DESIGN IN TECH COMPANIES
Tech companies have become leaders in
CASE STUDY: FACEBOOK BY O+A
innovative design in their works space; “open, activity-
based, and collaborative spaces with a start-up’s flair
City: Palo Alto, CA
for edgy design and a clear directive to draw talent
Year: 2009
and attention with sophistication and amenities”11 is
Square Footage: 160,000
their focus.
Photographer: Cesar Rubio and Jasper Sanidad.
The attempt was to house ten different
Facebook offices under one roof without sacrificing the function of each office. The new headquarters make possible the interaction and connection between 700 employees, embracing the company’s essence as a social networking website supplier.12
34
O+A recognized that a new design approach
was needed for this project; directly involving the user in the design was the key to understanding the way employees worked and to give them the space they desired. The product was an office that reflects the spirit of a Facebook page. Facebook employees are the artists, and they are free to have ownership of the space; they can customize the space as if it were their individual Facebook page.
Primo describes the space as: “Paths of travel are
broad, continuous and as easily navigated as clicking from screen to screen. The distinct neighborhoods of formerly scattered departments are defined by changes
in color and spacing, but linked by
IMAGE 7
35
IMAGE 8
IMAGE 10
IMAGE 9
IMAGE 11
overarching finishes and graphics that run throughout the building.13
Since the new offices bring together employees
from ten different locations, Facebook aimed to keep the personal identity of each. Executives are located in a central area to maintain constant communication with other employees. Gathering spaces throughout the building encourage the community to come together and collaborate within departments.
West
is
the
new
company’s
headquarter expansion designed by Frank Gehry. Construction will begin during the spring of 2013; the 10-acre site is located across from the existing offices.
IMAGE 12
37
IMAGE 13
Mark Zuckerberg, the 28-year-old co-founder
of Facebook, worked in cooperation with Gehry to try new ideas. The main goal is to create an open floor plan to promote face-to-face interaction and to increase social exchange on electronic devices. 14 To maximize daylight, Gehry is introducing design skylights and clerestories into the 26-foot-high ceilings. Other innovative spaces are the War Rooms which are outside pavilions to launch products, and a roof garden to have a space for employees to “escape�.
IMAGE 14
11
Sam Lube II, Gold Rush, 08 29, 2012, http://archpaper.com/news/
articles.asp?id=6233 (accessed 09 10, 2012). 12
David Basulto, “Facebook Offices / O+A Studio,” Archdaily, Sept 2009,
http://www.archdaily.com/34602/facebook-offices-oa-studio/
(accessed
Sept 15, 2012 ). 13
O+A, www. O+A.com, 2011, http://www.o-plus-a.com/what-we-do/.
14
James S. Russel, “Facebook, Gehry Build Idea Factory for RipStik Geeks,”
Bloomberg, Aug. 25, 2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-24/ facebook-gehry-build-idea-factory-for-ripstik-geeks.html#disqus_thread (accessed Oct. 05, 2012).
39
41
HOME AWAY FROM H O M E
Hotels around the world are becoming more
Bjorn Hanson found 38 new hotel brands created during
comfortable place for business people, making them
a space of 38 – month period. Out of those 38 new
feel at home and their stay their stay more enjoyable.
brands, 20 were in the luxury segment, 12 are upscale,
These relaxing experiences are what companies want
three are extended stay and three are midscale. And
to offer to their employees in order to maintain a
while historically companies have arranged contracts
productive environment and to keep them in a good
with particular hotel brands for their employees to
mood.
stay, the new trend is to let employees choose their
Hotels today are better than they have ever
own hotels in order to provide a more comfortable
been. Even during recent tough economic times, the
stay for them. Younger business travelers look for hotels
hospitality industry improved to keep business going
that are unique and that are capable of fulfilling their
and be more competitive.
modern lifestyles.
Hotels know that technology is essential for
Brands like Holiday Inn, Hampton Inn and Four
the new, younger generation of entrepreneurs and
Points will, most likely, have a flat-screen TVs in each
businessmen.15 PricewaterhouseCoopers hotel analyst
room, contemporary and modern exercise equipment
in their fitness areas, as well as complimentary breakfast and Internet access.
Moreover, younger travelers not only care
about good locations and hip amenities, but they also worry about how their stay might affect the environment. Hotel management has learned how be environmentally thoughtful to appease some of the philosophies and lifestyles common in this younger generation.18
Hotels for business travelers should be a reflection
of their lifestyle and provide an opportunity to facilitate social interaction as well as networking. In addition to offering a unique experience, hotels have become an extension of home and the work environment. 43
15
Bruce Schoenfeld, “Entrepreneur,” The Best Hotels for Business Trave, Apr
26, 2011, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219488# (accessed Oct 8, 2012). 16
Lauren Darson, “Business Travel News,” New Hotel Brands Target
Next-Gen Business Travelers, Apr 30, 2008, http://www.businesstravelnews. com/Travel-Management/New-Hotel-Brands-Target-Next-Gen-BusinessTravelers/?a=mgmt (accessed Oct 09, 2012). 17
Lauren Darson, “Business Travel News,” New Hotel Brands Target
Next-Gen Business Travelers, Apr 30, 2008, http://www.businesstravelnews. com/Travel-Management/New-Hotel-Brands-Target-Next-Gen-BusinessTravelers/?a=mgmt (accessed Oct 09, 2012). 18
Bruce Schoenfeld, “Entrepreneur,” The Best Hotels for Business Trave, Apr
26, 2011, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219488# (accessed Oct 8, 2012). 45
EVOLVING DESIGN TRENDS FOR BUSINESS HOTELS
New business travelers have affected the way
AIA, director of hospitality for Dallas-based architect
Building Teams come up with new ideas for hotel
HKS states, “These spaces have to be more social,
design. After numerous interviews with hoteliers and
flexible, and designed so they are no longer dead
hotel design experts, Building Design & Construction
lobbies but social environments and work environments
revealed seven trends influencing new hotel design.
where guests can relax or conduct business.”20 The different environments within the lobby area are
-
Lobbies as multipurpose rooms:
defined
with
different
ceiling
heights,
columns,
Lobbies as gathering spaces have been designed,
and furniture arrangements in order to encourage
where bars, sitting areas, check in spaces and other
socializing. Cocktail bars and small meeting spaces
amenities are gracefully joined in one big space
are an extension of this lobby space where business
“Building costs are so expensive that people want to
travelers can easily arrange meetings with clients and
utilize the lobby space in different ways so they can be
peers, says Roger G. Hill II, CEO of Gettys, Chicago
as efficient as possible,” says Andrew Strasser, principal
architecture firm.21
of Chicago-based Oxford Lodging.19 Nunzio De Santis, 46
-
New Shape for Guest Rooms
IMAGE 15
Guest rooms are adapting to a more square shape to become more functional. Traditionally, guest rooms have been 13-by-29 feet; however, new guest rooms are about 16 feet wide. The double-queen-bed guest room in Starwood’s latest “aloft” brand, for example, measures 18 feet, 6 inches-by-17 feet, 6 inches; at the same time, Hyatt’s new Hyatt Place king-bed guest room is somewhat bigger at 18 feet x 18 feet, 4 inches (Fig. 14). Consequently the square footage is less than in traditional guest rooms, but the space is better utilized, making the space feel bigger. Additionally, in order to become more business-friendly, bigger desks, along with numerous, easy to access outlet
IMAGE 16
connections, were introduced to maximize the work
-
space for people who like to work in their rooms.22
With the help of new technologies, hotel keys can
-
activate a room’s lights and the HVAC system. In addition,
No Bathtubs
Energy saving strategies
The cost of building a shower is the same as having a
hotel management can oversee and control remotely
bathtub; however, a shower that is the size of a bathtub
controlled thermostats and light switches that have been
is generous, and the finishes make a difference, since
left on. Other strategies include using to lights with motion
tile can come in different sizes and colors, making the
sensors in the hallways and public restrooms. 24
design more interesting and functional. Most guests
-
prefer the idea of the having a shower because it is
After self-check in kiosks were accepted and utilized
more hygienic and spacious. For more trendy hotels,
at airports, younger generations lean towards the
glass is another option, and it can be open to the
use of those before seeing a person. Kiosks have the
overall room design in order to allow sunlight to reach
advantage of speeding up the process of checking
the bathroom area.23
in and out, which is a valuable amenity for younger
Self check in kiosk
business travelers.25 48
-
Experimental Design
“One of the big trends in hotel design right now is creating experiences” reports Ron Swidler, SVP as Chicago-based Gettys. People are looking for a residential experience that is casual and comfortable, making them feel at home. In addition, theme hotels are becoming very popular for the uniqueness of the design, which creates an experience.26 -
Upscaling Lower-end brands
Big brands, like that of Hyatt’s, are recreating new lower end branches where the design is more unique and the amenities are more luxurious, but in a more cozy, and relaxed environment.27
IMAGE 17
49
19
Bruce Schoenfeld, “Entrepreneur,” The Best Hotels for Business Trave, Apr
26, 2011, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219488# (accessed Oct 8, 2012). 20
Bruce Schoenfeld, “Entrepreneur,” The Best Hotels for Business Trave, Apr
26, 2011, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219488# (accessed Oct 8, 2012). 21
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design
(accessed
Oct
10,
2012). 22
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design
(accessed
Oct
10,
2012). 23
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design 2012).
(accessed
Oct
10,
24
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design (accessedOct 10, 2012). 25
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design
(accessed
Oct
10,
2012). 26
Jay W. Schneider, “Building Design + Construction,” The Inn Thing Seven
Radical New Trends in Hotel Design, Aug 11, 2010, http://www.bdcnetwork. com/inn-thing-seven-radical-new-trends-hotel-design
(accessed
Oct
10,
2012). 27 Veronica Newson, Ultraluze Hotels, ed. Mariangela Pallazzi-Williams (Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009).
51
WHAT MAKES A GREAT HOTEL?
Boutique and design hotels have become
have an entire resort dedicated to fashion showcasing
popular for the way they address the design elements
the most luxurious brands in the world.28
in complementation with the architecture and
personalized customer service. For example, the
and forget about everyday stress. Hotels have become
W hotel, which brings exclusive design in the
a distention for people who care for holistic living,
architecture as well as in the dĂŠcor, has become
wherein wellness of mind, body and soul are equally
widely popular because of the uniqueness of each
important for their wellbeing and their overall health. In
one, with the juxtaposition of the functionality of a big
combination with spas and solons, workout rooms are
hotel service.
a major plus when choosing a hotel to work, relax and
Travelers want to be able to access public
Moreover, hotels have become a place to relax
network.29
transportation and be located near cultural city centers,
Hotel design has adopted different trends to
clubs, restaurants boutiques and other amenities. For
achieve their unique personalities and accommodate
example, in Dubai, the man- made archipelago The
the needs of their unique costumers. Additionally,
World will include an island called Isla Moda, which will
business hotels as well as designer hotels are
contributing to urban regeneration, helping cities like London to revitalize areas and buildings that have long been forgotten. Hotel design has incorporated local trends and cultural traditions in their exclusive design ideas.30
Hotel design is not only about creating a space
and an experience; hotel design has turned into creating a product. “In a hotel, guest should find what they dream of at home,� said Conrad Hilton, founder of Hilton Hotels. The hotel becomes a stage where their guests recreate and identify their dreams and their lifestyles.31
53
28
Veronica Newson, Ultraluze Hotels, ed. Mariangela
Pallazzi-Williams (Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009). 29
Veronica Newson, Ultraluze Hotels, ed. Mariangela
Pallazzi-Williams (Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009). 30
Otto Riewoldt, New Hotel Design (New York: Watson-
Guptill Publications, 2002). 31
Otto Riewoldt, New Hotel Design (New York: Watson-
Guptill Publications, 2002).
55
THE BUSINESS HOTEL W Hotel London by Andrew Rogers in Archdaily
installations
obstructing views.
Designed
by
award-winning
architects
the
street
design
is
attained
without
the W Hotel in London’s Leicester Square houses
sophisticated ceramic frit applied to the optically
retail, leisure and residential accommodations spread
corrected glass of the building’s outer skin. The interiors,
over 200,000 squared feet. The 10-story building
designed by Concrete Architectural Associates, are a
includes a spa, 11 penthouse apartments and
reflection of a typical experience of London culture.
35,000 square feet devoted of retail-leisure activities.
At the street level the building has shops, bars and
restaurants. The guest entrance has been placed in a
from the building, where the glass is frame less and a hatch with an abstract pattern of a theatre curtain resembles the cinematic legacy of the area. The façade of the building was designed to work as a pixilated screen with dynamic light 56
innovative
onto
Jestico+Whiles and developed by McAleer & Rushe,
The façade is suspended as a second skin
The
projected
by
separate area of the building to create privacy.32
a
IMAGE 18
IMAGE 19
IMAGE 20
The ACE Hotel by David Basulto in Archdaily
On the other hand, individual hotel developers are
which revolves around showcasing the original
investing in old buildings that have been forgotten and
coffered ceilings, plaster moldings, massive columns,
transforming them into fabulous hotel experiences. For
airy skylights, and mosaic floors inlaid with a Greek
example, built in 1904 with the purpose of becoming
key pattern. The architecture is the spirit of a warm,
part of an avenue of hotels, the Hotel Breslin, which
intimate space reflecting a home feel that is timeless,
was one of the New York’s best-known residential
luxurious, eccentric and unique.
hotels in the early part of the 20th century, has been
transformed into The Ace Hotel, housing 344 rooms on
functional, but resembling a funky small apartment.
a 165,000-square-foot development. The Ace Hotel
Custom-designed furnishings, like a leather sofa that
is characterized by the use of mixed materials, styles
turns into a bed or an exposed rack made out of bent
and historical periods with objects that are welded
plumbing pipes, were included in the design.34
together to become one.33
58
The lobby area is the center of the brick building,
Furthermore, the rooms are designed to be more
IMAGE 21
IMAGE 22
IMAGE 23
IMAGE 24
32
Andrew Rosenberg, “Archdaily,” W London Leicester Square / Jestico
+ Whiles, Jun 05, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/138600/w-london-leicestersquare-jestico-whiles/ (accessed Oct 20, 2012). 33
David Basulto, “The Ace Hotel, New York / Roman and Williams,”
Archdaily, March 07, 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/52016/ace-hotelroman-and-williams/ (accessed Oct. 20, 2012). 34
David Basulto, “The Ace Hotel, New York / Roman and Williams,” 07
March 2011, Archdaily, 20 Oct. 2012 <http://www.archdaily.com/52016/acehotel-roman-and-williams/>.
61
63
INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE
Technology plays an important role in our modern
equivalent,
complex
physical
interactions
are
society and its implementation is key to developing
created.35
new ideas. Technology more importantly lets us
communicate and share information in ways that are
integrated in a space is very powerful because it
secure and fast, which allows us to create an infinite
multi-mediates its surroundings and can profoundly
network of knowledge and creativity. Understanding
modify human behavior. Technology in a space should
how technology can influence our behavior and our
interlocked as any other finished material and should
space in order to move forward into future interactions
be treated as part of it, neither as an afterthought, nor
is an important element to follow this wave of creative
as the main element in the space.36
thinking.
Since the Industrial Revolution, technology has been
With Interactive Architecture, dynamic spaces
understood as a social derisory. Furthermore, during
and objects can be designed through a processes-
the 1990s people were concerned about the idea
oriented guide to achieve pragmatic and humanistic
of the virtual world overpowering the physical world.
functions. By blending computation with a tangible
However, technology has improved the way people
64
Understanding
how
technology
can
be
interact, giving us more tools for communication and
IMAGE 25
allowing us to access and share information easily. In spatial design, digital technology application is a tool to reinforce interaction. On the other hand, individualism and an unrelenting work culture are what keep us apart, rather than the technology devices that surround our day-to-day lives.37
Interaction can take different forms since it
can be physical or remote and the contact can be face-to-face or through a smart phone. At any stage, technology is allowing people to communicate and be part of a social group with the same intent. 38
IMAGE 26
35 Bill
Mitchel,
Interactive
Architecture,
http://www.interactive-
architecture.com/#/about/ (accessed 10 22, 2012). 36
Kim Colin, Extra Spatial, ed. IDEO (San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books
LLC, 2003). 37
Lucy Bullivant, 4dspace, ed. Helen Castle, Vol. 75 (London: AD
Architectural Design, 2005). 38
Lucy Bullivant, 4dspace, ed. Helen Castle, Vol. 75 (London: AD
Architectural Design, 2005).
67
ADAPTABLE SPACES
Until now in architecture, adaptability has
environment is determined by the accessibility to
referred to how a structure can change its geometry
technology. A living space can be adaptable to what
to fit certain type of activity. The idea of creating a
the user wants to communicate with other users in
space that is optimum to its full capacity should be
the same space or to another space by integrating
understand of how the space can be transform to
technologies such as cameras, microphones, audio
the needs of the user. Adaptable spaces should be
devices and other related technologies.40
dynamic and be able to change with the user, as well
as with the objects in space and their organization.39
related to the idea of Le Corbusier and the â&#x20AC;?living
-
machineâ&#x20AC;?, where space follows the principle of
Living Spaces
Moreover, technology and home are easily
When a space becomes an interactive space
adaptability and functionality. A home is a structure
intervening between the users and the environment
where people interact in ways that integrates space
outside, it becomes the media where communication
and perception surrounded by a chain of different
is transferred within the physical space. The capability
events.41
of a space to communicate with the user and its 68
Today, with the help of technology, spaces
IMAGE 27
are not only functional and adaptable; they are becoming fully interactive spaces. For example, the Aegis Hypo-Surface of dECOI is a wall surface that can be programmed by pneumatic pistons and springs. The wall is interactive, producing interior environments that are constantly modified by lighting, sound and projection inside of the Freshwater Pavilion by NOX. The wall responds to how people move throughout the space.
In addition to how material can enable the
user communicate with the physical interior space passively, architecture can also interact with the environment. Casa Girasole by Angelo Invernizzi and IMAGE 28
located in Verona, Italy, is a two level structure, where
toward the end of the day to check emails or attend
the ground level is fixed, but the upper level rotates
meetings. In between they are usually meeting with
to track the arc of the sun and maximize the interior
clients, which makes one workstation utilized by
light.42 The structure becomes a medium where the
different employees throughout the day. Workstations
user interacts directly with the exterior environment.
should cover different needs and users. Therefore, the
space should be flexible, dynamic and adaptable.43
-
Working Spaces
Interactive working spaces are essential for the
modern workspace. Spaces that are adaptable and
different prototypes of adaptable working spaces.
functional have become an important element for
Their projects vary in scale, from creating building
companies with employees who come and go out of
design that is adaptable, to cubicles that can be
the office. For example, service-oriented companies
personalized for each independent user.
are continuously changing in size, according to the
amount of work they have. In larger companies,
making workspaces interactive and adaptable.
employees usually use the space in the morning and
However, the use of technology is dreadful in
70
Design firm IDEO has studied and developed
Technology has played an important role in
workspace because it can isolate users. Designers
IMAGE 29
should consider the integration of the building structure, furniture systems, and technology devices in ways that are dynamically sufficient to achieve connectivity, adaptability and functionality within the space and for the users.44
IMAGE 30
39
Michael Fox, Interactive Architecture, ed. Lauren Nelson Packward
(New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009). 40
Michael Fox, Interactive Architecture, ed. Lauren Nelson Packward
(New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009). 41
Lucy Bullivant, 4dspace, ed. Helen Castle, Vol. 75 (London: AD
Architectural Design, 2005). 42
Lucy Bullivant, 4dspace, ed. Helen Castle, Vol. 75 (London: AD
Architectural Design, 2005). 43
Michael Fox, Interactive Architecture, ed. Lauren Nelson Packward
(New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009). 44
Lucy Bullivant, 4dspace, ed. Helen Castle, Vol. 75 (London: AD
Architectural Design, 2005).
73
IMPLEMENTING INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE MIT Media Lab Complex by MIT News
in advancing technologies that amplify the human
experience, “ added President Hockfield.
Pritzker Prize-winning architect Fumihiko Maki
and Associates designed the Media Lab Complex
The building was designed with an open floor plan, with
in alliance with Leers Weinzapfel Associates. The
the flexibility and adaptability to allow collaboration
163,000-square-foot building was designed to be an
between the different departments.45
addition of the existing Media Lab designed by MIT
alumnus I.M. Pei. The intent was to create a connected
bring together researchers from an eclectic range
environment for research, creativity, and discovery.
of
“In the best MIT tradition of inventing the future,
artists, musicians, and others — who work together
the new Media Lab Complex expands a legendary
collaboratively to invent technologies that improve
workshop where creativity and innovation continually
people’s lives and transform society,” declared Frank
transform the intersection of people and machines,”
Moss, Director of the Media Lab. “The openness and
stated MIT President Susan Hockfield. “This magnificent
transparency of this incredible new building will support
new facility unites researchers from across our campus
the Lab’s unique style of research and allow us to take
74
“The magic of the Media Lab is its ability to
disciplines
—
engineers,
computer
scientists,
on the major challenges that confront the world in the
IMAGE 31
21st century, such as human health, education and sustainable cities, â&#x20AC;&#x153; said Moss. The materiality of the building creates a sense of transparency which intends to connect people to enforce the idea of community.46
IMAGE 32
45
MIT, “MIT opens new Media Lab Complex. Fumihiko Maki-designed
building will support technological innovation,” MIT News, March 05, 2010, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/media-lab-0304.html (accessed Nov 1, 2012). 46
MIT, “MIT opens new Media Lab Complex. Fumihiko Maki-designed
building will support technological innovation,” MIT News, March 05, 2010, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2010/media-lab-0304.html (accessed Nov 1, 2012).
77
79
RESEARCH CONCLUSION
As this report has shown, when buildings
To
create
a
full-service
facility
to
foster
are designed with the integration of proper use of
entrepreneurship and new business opportunities for
technology and open floor plans, collaboration and
start-up companies from different cities across the
interaction can be achieved.
country in the Silicon Valley community by offering workspace, long and short stay accommodation with
Collaboration
and
interaction
in
the
the purpose of maximize interaction, collaboration,
entrepreneurial community have played an important
productivity and new creative ideas, it is important
role for the birth of new creative ideas and new business
to implement the evolving design trends that have
opportunities. Therefore, building designers should
changed the workspace into more dynamic and flexible
integrate new technology to share information and
environment. As well as applying new design strategies
communication in a functional and interactive way,
in the hospitality industry to create an enjoyable stay
and spaces should become dynamic and flexible to
that creates an experience and makes people feel like
enforce human relations.
at home, spaces should remain open and flexible while
at the same time innovative, experiential, and intimate.
The space should reflect the lifestyle of the new
generation of business people who are more laid-back, and environmentally conscious,
and technology is
the main medium of communication and informationsharing.
81
83
USER PROFILE
The building intent is to server 1000 of young
In
fact,
entrepreneurs
personalities
are
entrepreneurs and Start-Up companies from around
usually described by researcher as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;arrogant and
the world and the United States that go to San
psychopathicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, however this type of behavior is often
Francisco and the Bay Area looking for Investment
what help entrepreneurs to achieve success or in the
Capital, collaboration, networking, and interaction
other hand failure.48
with similar entities and financial institutions.
Young entrepreneurs as well as start up
employees are people that are particularly goal oriented, highly motivated and risk takers. They also like to be independent from and early age and they are usually over confident. They like to create they own rules and they usually disagree with social stereotype.47
84
GROUP IMAGE 33 IMAGE GROUP 33
ROLE MODELS STEVE JOBS Occupation: Entrepreneur With Stephen Wozniak founded Apple Computers, revolutionizing the tech world with invention like the iphone and iPad
SERGEY BRIN Occupation: Entrepreneur, Engineer In cooperation with Larry Page founded the world’s largest search engine Google. They both manage the company and became billionaires.
MARK ZUCKERBERG Occupation: Entrepreneur, Computer Programmer, Philanthropist Creator and CEO of the world’s largest social network Facebook.
SEAN PARKER Occupation: Entrepreneur Co- founder of Napsters, music file-sharing on the web and founding president of Facebook .
BILL GATES Occupation: Entrepreneur With Paul Allen founded Microsoft, the world’s largest software business, and became the richest men in the world
JACK DORSEY Occupation: Entrepreneur, Computer Programmer Creator of Twiter, social media site to share short personal expressions.
Data from http://www.biography.com/ 86
SUCCESSFUL
ENTREPRENEURS
IMAGE GROUP 34
USER
BACKGROUND 35-44
48%
13% Sales and Marketing 12% Product Managments and Development
26-34
11% Engineering 8% Business Development
29% 45-54
6% Software
19%
4% Strategy 46% Other Role
18-25 4%
FUNDINGS TEAM’S AGE
FOUNDER’S FORMER ROLE
CHALLENGES
44% High cost of compensation packages 42% High cost of living in my area 18% Too few qualified employees
IT’S WHO YOU KNOW
24+
MUTUAL FRIENDS
MORE LIKELY TO BE INTERVIEW OR QUALIFIED
3-23 MUTUAL FRIENDS
0-2
MUTUAL FRIENDS
GROUP IMAGE 35 89
WORLD’S START-UPS
5054
7438
11625
604
8
16
554
450
635
35 13
138
200
72
90
271
CALIFORNIA’S START-UPS
USA’S START-UPS
49 1502 59 1165
1289 112
50
126
1434 1705 6745
1104
4069
7 38
576
655 69 1301
530
35 1272
GROUP IMAGE 36 91
SAN FRANCISCO START-UPS
Start- ups companies are all over the world, and
3
most of them are located in San Francisco. However
6
companies all over America are in competition for talent and creative ideas. Creative Ideas, networking, talent, and money are essential for the success of startups, and many of
4 1
9 5 7
10 8
2
these companies around the world, and specially from IMG. 37
the United States, go to California seeking for these valuable assets which are abundant and diverse in San Francisco.
START UPS JOBS IN THE UNITED STATES
START UPS PROXIMITY Stat ups, investor and services IMG. 38 93
SAN FRANCISCO HOME OF THE START UPS
San Francisco has become the new destination
which has positively impacted the economy in the
for Startup companies from around the United States.
area, creating new jobs and encouraging other
Many neighborhoods around Warfield Theater and
companies to make the move up north.
Market Street experienced throughout the years a
Moreover the city officials have created tax incentives
significant urban decay that had leaded the area to
for companies to move and stay in San Francisco.
high vacancy real estate rates. However, in recent
Furthermore, people working for startup companies
years, many Startups companies due to the limited
have shown an interest for design, art and cultural
availability of office spaces in Menlo Park and Palo
experiences, therefore San Francisco seems like a
Alto have moved to San Francisco looking for a
perfect place to enjoy all of these experiences since
city experience, where they have found plenty of
it is full creativity, entrainment, great restaurants,
potential office space around Mid-Market helping to
museums, and commercial accessibility.
rehabilitate the area. For example, companies like Twitter, Instagram, Zynga, and Airbnb have established spaces in San Francisco, 94
IDEAS + CAPITAL/INVESTORS + CONNECTION 95
47
Ries, Eric. Founder personalities and the “first-class man” theory of
management. 9 July 2010. 15 January 2013 <http://www.startuplessonslearned. com/2010/07/founder-personalities-and-first-class.html>. 48
Johnson, Bobbie. Startup entrepreneurs are ‘arrogant and psychopathic’.
9 December 2011. 15 January 2013 <http://gigaom.com/2011/12/09/startupsentrepreneurs-are-arrogant-and-psychopathic/>.
97
HUBS? WORK+ CONNECT GENERATE
IDEAS
When Startup from other cities visit San Francisco to connect with investor and other, startup they rent office spaces to work and collaborate with others. 49
IMAGE GROUP 39 98
HOTELS R E S T ENTERTAIN WORK In addition to renting a working space, entrepreneurs are required to book expensive hotel, usually in the downtown area to be closer to work and meeting spaces, as well as the investors, and other companies likes them .
IMAGE GROUP 40 99
HOTELS
TRANSPORTATION
WORK SPACE
$$$ + $$$ + $$$
WORK SPACE
HOTELS
CONNECT
ENTERTAIN WORK
CREATE
REST
SAN FRANCISCO
WORK SPACE + HOTEL - TRANSPORTATION WORK
CONNECT
ONE
REST
SPACE
CREATE
ENTERTAIN RELAX SAN FRANCISCO
WORK CONNECT
BETTER CREATIVE IDEAS + PRODUCTIVITY
CREATE
ENTERTAIN RELAX
24 hrs
REST
105
THE SITE
106
SAN FRANCISCO FINANCIAL DISTRICT
Howard st & Second st
SITE DATA
50
d
2n ST PARCELS (Block/Lot): 3735/063
HO
W
A
RD
ST
ADDRESSES: 222 02ND ST, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105 NEIGHBORHOOD: Financial District PARCEL AREA: 23,925 sq ft (150 ft X 159.5 ft) ZONING DISTRICTS: C-3-O(SD) - Downtown- Office (Special Development)
IMAGE GROUP 41
NOB HILL
NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT MARINA PACIFIC HEIGHTS WESTERN ADDITION CASTRO/ UPPER MARKET
MISSION
RUSSIAN HILL
CHINA TOWN
NORTH BEACH FINANCIAL DISTRICT DOWNTOWN/ CIVIC CENTER SOUTH MARKET
POTRERO HILL
BUILDING’S USE IN CONTEXT WITH THE SITE
PARKING TECHNOLOGY COMPANY OFFICES ENTERTAINMENT RETAIL VOID ECCLESIASTICAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION EDUCATION HOSPITALITY RESIDENTIAL CULTURAL 111
VIEWS OUT FROM THE SITE
1
1
2 3 2 1. Mix-used (office and retail) 2. Mix-used (restaurant and office space) 3. Parking Lot, retail and offices 112
IMAGE GROUP 42
3
1
1 2 1. Mix-used (office, retail and gallery) 2. Office Space
IMAGE GROUP 43
2
113
SAN FRANCISCO TRANSBAY TRANSIT CENTER From Transbay Transit Center Org. Program Overview.
The $4 billion dollar project, that intent to
garden, 5 levels housing all the different transit services, as well as a Transit Tower creating more
transform San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s downtown and the bay
financing for the development.
area is revolutionary transit center connecting eight
The construction started on December 2008, with a
Bay Area counties as well as California with 11 different
temporary terminal while the new structure is built,
transit systems, including Amtrak, BART, and a new
and will be complete in 2017.
High Speed Rail connecting San Francisco with Los
The Transit Center has been planned to house
Angeles.
100,00 passengers weekly, and over 45 million user
The project not only intents to generate a new transit
by year, with the goal of making transportation easy
center for San Francisco, it also is creating new
and friendly for locals and visitors of San Francisco
residential building, offices, parks, and commercial
and the bay area. 52
amenities for a new neighborhood in the area.
This project is extremely influential in the decision of
The Transit Center has been designed by Pelli Clarke
choosing the site location which has the potential
Pelli Architects, and it will feature a 5.4 acre roof top
to integrate the design to this future development.
IMAGE GROUP 44
Transbay Transit Center Temporary Terminal New Bus Ramps Folsom Street Redevelopment Area Bus Storage New Fourth & King Caltrain Station
115
CURRENT TRANSIT IN THE AREA
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND STOPS BIKE ROUTES BIKE LANES AND DIRECTION
117
49 http://bayarea.the-hub.net/ 50 http://ec2-50-17-237-182.compute-1.amazonaws.com/PIM/ 51 www.bing.com/maps 52
Transbay Transit Center, Program Overview, http://transbaycenter.org/
project/program-overview
119
121
SAN FRANCISCO
CLIMATE
From Golden Gate Weather Services, Climate of San
north. Mount Davidson's peak is the highest terrain,
Francisco, Narrative Description
with an elevations of over 900 feet, followed by Mount Sutro with 920 feet and North and South Twin at 919
Due to the diverse topography in San Francisco,
feet.
there is different kinds of micro climates. Winds are
San Francisco climate is described as Mediterranean,
directed though out the city due to the diverse terrain,
due to the surrounding bodies of water, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s diverse
which concludes in different weather conditions
topography
around
California weather. This type of climate type is normally
the city. San Francisco is located at the northern end
described by moist mild winters and dry summers.
of a peninsula, spanning across the Coast Range south
Rainfall are mostly absent from May to September, and
of where it is broken by the Golden Gate.
prevalent from November to March with an average
On the west, San Francisco's abrupt topography is
of 10 days of rain per month, snow is very rare.
the limit between the Pacific Ocean, to the east San
With average temperatures of 60° degree thought out
Francisco Bay is situated and the Golden Gate to the
the year, San Francisco climate can be considered
and
the
unique
characteristics
of
pleasant and enjoyable, leading to numerous types of outdoor activities and pedestrian circulation in the streets.53
123
TOPOGRAPHY
IMG.45
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
Increasing Intensity These regions are near major, active faults and will on average experience stronger earthquake shaking more frequently. These regions are distant from known, active faults and will experience lower levels of shaking less frequency. IMG.46 125
SAN FRANCISCO WEATHER
This image shows the typical wind patterns
through the financial district under a prevailing northwest wind. Colors are representative of the average wind speed, and streamlines show the
WIND FREQUENCY (Hrs) Date 1sr January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 WIND FREQUENCY (Hrs) Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 NORTH
AVERAGE RAINFALL (mm) Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 NO
40 km/h
40
30 km/h
30
Market Street tend to obstruct and redirect the flow of
20 km/h
20
wind, decreasing the downwind resource southeast
10 km/h
10
direction of the wind. Tall buildings to the northwest of
of Market. 54
WEST
EAST
WEST
hrs
SOUTH
IMG.47 126
483+ 386 289 193 <48
SO
WEATHER ANALISYS Maximum, average, and minimum Temperature Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 - 24:00
AVERAGE RAINFALL Average Monthly Precipitation (in) Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 -24:00
WEATHER ANALYSIS Maximum, average, and minimum Temperature Date 1sr January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 WIND FREQUENCY (Hrs)
5.0
Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 NORTH
AVERAGE RAINFALL (mm) Date 1sr January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 AVERAGE RAINFALL (mm) Date 1st January - 31 December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 NORTH
4.0
40 km/h
40 km/h
3.0
30 km/h
95째
30 km/h 20 km/h
20 km/h
2.0
10 km/h WEST
60째 0째 J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
Max. Temp Avg. Temp Min. Temp SOUTH
D
10 km/h
1.0
EAST
0.0 J
F
WEST
M
EAST
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
hrs 483+ 386 289 193 <48
D
mm
SOUTH
1.0+ 0.7 0.5 0.3 <0.1
127
53
Golden Gate Weather Services, Climate of San Francisco, Narrative
Description, http://ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html 54
San Francisco Enery Map, Preveling Winds over Financial District. http://
sfenergymap.org/
129
131
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT First Floor: The intent is to create a welcoming space
Third Floor through Ninth Floor: These floors will house
with a living room feeling to welcome users with the
over night accommodations incorporating space for
idea of making them feel like at home. Also a restaurant
people to mingle and to hang out casually to continue
area will be incorporate to bring locals in and to serve
interacting and connecting with others.
as a networking area for user and visitors.
Tenth Floor: For entrainment, a bar and a restaurant
As well as the restaurant, a gallery space will serve
will be created in this level to invite locals in to connect
to bring people in and to host events for people to
with the building users.
connect.
Additional outdoor space will be added for physical
Second Floor:
Open working space will be the
preliminary use of the second level, user will be able to work in collaboration and integration of interactive technology
to exchange ideas and create new
relationships. Meeting and conference space will be added as well.
activities and to enjoy the beautiful weather of San Francisco.
TENTH FLOOR Bar and restaurant outdoor space for entertainment and interaction
THIRD FLOOR THROUGHOUT NINTH FLOOR Overnight rooms ( dimensions of each room 18ft x 18ft) 20 to 10 rooms per floor ( This will be determined by the building volume) Total of 150 rooms approx.
SECOND FLOOR 12000 sq ft (excluding parking and atrium) Workspace 8000 sq ft Cafeteria & miscellaneous services (4000 sq ft) Green terrace for different outdoor events 7000 sq ft approx. FIRST FLOOR 12000 sq ft (excluding parking and atrium) Lobby 2000 sq ft Restaurant & Bar 4000 sq ft Event/ gallery flexible space 6000 sq ft
133
SITE DIMENSIONS: 150 ft X159 ft TOTAL AREA: 23925 sq ft PROGRAMING FOR APPROXIMATE 10 FLOORS Parking about 30% of gross area. (14000 sq ft approx split in two level or underground) Atrium Space about 5000 sq ft
FIRST FLOOR 12000 sq ft
(Excluding parking and atrium) • Lobby 2000 sq ft • Restaurant & Bar 4000 sq ft • Event/ gallery flexible space 6000 sq ft
SECOND FLOOR 12000 sq ft (Excluding parking and atrium) • Workspace 8000 sq ft • Cafeteria & miscellaneous services (4000 sq ft) • Green terrace for different outdoor events over parking area 7000 sq ft approx.
8 REMAINING FLOORS • Overnight rooms ( dimensions of each room 15ft x 15ft) 20 to 10 rooms per floor ( This will be determined by the building volume) • Total of 250 rooms approx.
135
137
SCHEMATIC
DESIGN
The intent is to develop a form that responses to the environmental conditions as well as the solar orientation and natural ventilation specifically to the site. By opening an atrium and opening up the south facade, the building would allowed to a high quality of daylight in every space in the building. Moreover, the layout of the space will have the intention to create open space with different types of connections and a open circulation to allow collaboration and interaction between the different areas of the building. The final goal is to allow for interconnectivity between different level and occupancies as well as with the city context.
138
139
HOW TO BRING LIGHT IN EVERY SPACE?
HOW TO CORRELATE TO A CHANGING SKYLINE?
HOW TO BRING PEOPLE IN?
HOW TO BRING NATURAL VENTILATION IN?
LIGHT ON SOUTH FACADE
LIMITED VIEWS
LIGHT FROM ABOVE THROUGH ATRIUM SPACE
VENTILATION FROM FACADE THROUGH SPACE
NORTH
141ATRIUM
OPENING UP THE ATRIUM TO MAXIMIZE LIGHT IN EVERY SPACE AND VIEWS TO THE CITY
OPENING UP THE ATRIUM TO MAXIMIZE LIGHT IN EVERY SPACE AND VIEWS TO THE CITY
MASS SUITS THE URBAN FABRIC AND THE CHANGING SKYLINE
SHIFTED FACADE TO CREATE TENSION AND BRING PEOPLE IN + OPEN SPACE FOR MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES AND RECREATION
VENTILATION FROM NORTH FACADE THROUGH ENTIRE BUILDING 143+ ATRIUM VENTILATION FOR LOWER FLOORS
THE PLAN IS THE GENERATOR - Le Corbusier BATHROOMS OR OFFICES
RESTAURANT KITCHEN
GALLERY
RESTAURANT
LOBBY
144
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 1a
UP UP DN
UP DN
DN
UP
UP UP DN
UP
CIRCULATION LOBBY (6715 sq ft) RESTAURANT (6858 sq ft) GALLERY (6796 sq ft)
145
LEVEL 2a
LEVEL 2
UP UP DN
DN
UP DN UP DN
UP DN
CIRCULATION HUB (25,085 sq ft)
146
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN The study of the different ares allow the design to be driven by the concept of interaction and collaboration by creating open spaces and as well as connectivity between level. T
UP UP DN
DN
UP DN
CIRCULATION ROOMS (18’ X 18’) SERVICE/MAINTENANCE INTERACTIVE SPACE
147
STUDY MODELS
This
serie
of
study
models
helped
with
the
conceptualization of the massing as well as the correlation of the skin to the form in relationship to the context and the site conditions.
149
151
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The building massing design was driven by as series
The main structural design concept was inspired by
of studies that intents to maximizing
the idea of
the idea of folding paper and triangulating plates to
capturing daylight in the majority of the space , views,
create diagonal members that function as a diagrid
and natural ventilation into the building. The massing
system to support the building from the facade, with
of the building open up toward the south to increase
the help of a columned system. The folding plates
daylight into the working space an allowing every
along with the diagonal members wrap the building
single room in the building to enjoy the natural light
maximizing lateral support and protevting the high
with out physical obstructions.
seismic conditions in San Francisco.
In addition, the building incorporates a series of atrium space to allow the flow of natural ventilation and passive cooling throughout the space, housing at the same time components of the structural system.
152
153
ALTERNATE VIEWS
154
155
ELEVATION AND SECTIONS
WEST ELEVATION
156
NORTH ELEVATION
A
B 157
BUILDING PROGRAMING Lobby Area: This level houses a welcoming space with
allows users to have different activities thoughtout
a living room feeling to recieve users with the purpose
the work period maximizing interaction between the
of making guest feel like at home. Moreover, this level
different startups and their own work team.
includes a restaurant space avalable to locals in order
Third Floor through thenth Floor: These levels houses the
to facilitate networking between guest and locals. In
over night accommodations combining single and
addititon to the restaurant, a gallery space in this level
double rooms, as well as a longstay room version that
serves as exhihibition space for gues to showcase their
includes a kitchenett space. In addittion, pool facilities
work and display it to the public.
are located on the third floor, and fitness facilities are
Work Area: The work area incorporates a furniture
located on the ninth floor.
system to allow user to arrenge it as they need it to
Eleventh Floor through the thiteenth floor:
facilitate interaction. The space in addition to this
entrainment, a bar, a restaurant, and a conference
flexible furniture arregment, includes open conference
center are located in this area, as well as a open
space, private conference space, lounge area,
roof top to enjoy San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nice wearther and
arcarde area, and break room. The diversity of spaces,
amazing views.
For
CONFERENCE CENTER : 8000 SQFT CAFETERIA NIGH CLUB 32 ROOMS LOCKERS GYM YOGA STUDIO
132 ROOMS 6 LOUNGE OPEN MEETING AREAS
POOL AREA / LOUNGE 19 ROOMS WORKS SPACE : 10, 000 SQFT - CONFERENCE ROOMS - ARCADE AREA - LOUNGE AREAS - BREAK AREA LOBBY: 2000 SQFT LOUNGE: 1500 SQFT RESTAURANT: 4000 SQFT GALLERY: 3000 SQFT SERVICE: 5000 SQFT
159
STRUCTURAL DESIGN The strucute of the building fucntions as a diagrid sytem to support extreme lateral loads that are comon in high seimic areas like San Francisco.
The structure is a triadimetional network that support the building from the exterior acting as building envelop, creating an interenting facade pattern. The external diagrid system is helped by additional memebers that are located at the atrium spaces increasing interior support, as well as a columnade arrengmet and shear walls situated at the ends of the building creating a strong and complex structural support.
SLABS 160
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SKELETHON
STRUCTURAL DETAIL CONNECTION TO CONCRETE SLAB AND NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM 161
FIRST LEVEL
10 2
2 UP
8
5
1
1
DN
UP
6
5
7 3
2 3
DN
1. Lobby 2. Lounge 3. Restaurant 4. Kitchen 5. Elevator 6. Service Elevator 7. Court Yard 8. Gallery 9. Entrance 162
3
4
4
1. Elevator 2. Restaurant 3. Administration 4. Service 5. Service Elevator
4
Open to Below
LOBBY
RESTAURANT
163
WORK LEVEL
4
1 5
2
1 5
6 2
3
1. Elevator 2. Open Conference Area 3. Closed Conference Area 4. Arcade Area 5. Service Elevator 6. Lounge Area 164
4
6
3
1. Elevator 2. Service Elevator 3. Break room 4. Informal meeting space 5. Open Conference Room 6. Lounge Area
6
WORK AREA
WORK AREA 165
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
2
10
1
1. Elevator 2. Lounge Area 3. Pool Lounge 4. Changing Rooms 5. House Keeping 6. Service Elevators 7. Pool 8. Roof Garden 9. Single Stay Room 10. Double Stay Room
166
6
9 3
5
8
UP
4 7 UP
SINGLE ROOM
167
DOUBLE ROOM
CONFERENCE CENTER
3 4 1 2 6
1. Elevator 2. Service Elevator 3. Restaurant 4. Lounge Area 5. Open Conference Area 6. Restroom 168
5
CONFERENCE CENTER
ATRIUM VIEW
169
FLOOR PLANS
31
30
31
29
34
30
28
29
13 35 34
28
22 13
36
35
23
22 ---
37
24
36
23
25 24
---
37
38 26
25
---
38
39
-
27
---
26
39
27
40
40
41 41 UP
---
UP
DN
Level -1
Level 1
31
30 31
29 30
34
28 29
13 35
34
28
22 13
36
35
23
22
24
37
36
23
25 -
38
24
-
-
---
---
37
---
26
25 38
39
27
26
---
39
27
40
40
41
41
UP
UP
Level 2a 170
Level 3
31
30
29
34
28
13 35
31
22 30
36
23
29
34
24
37
28
13 35
25 -
22
-
---
---
38
36
26
39
UP
27
23
24
37 -
25
---
---
38
40
26
39
27
DN
41 40
---
41 ---
Level 1a
Level 2
31 31
30 30
29 29
34 34
28
28
13 35
13 35
22 22
36 36
23
23
24
37
24
37
-
25
---
-
-
---
25
38
38
---
26 -
26
---
39 39
27
27
40 40
41 41
DN
DN
Level 4
Level 5 171
FLOOR PLANS
31
31
30
30
29
29
34
34
28
28
13
13
35
35 22
22
36
36
23
24
37
23
24
37
25 -
25 -
-
---
-
---
---
38
---
38 26
39
26
39
27
40
27
40
41
41
Level 6
Level 7
31
31
30
30
29
34
29
28
34
13
28
13
35
35 22
22
36
36
23
23
24
37
24
37 25
-
25
-
---
-
---
38
39
38
39
40
40
41
41
172
---
26
27 DN
Level 10
-
---
26
Level 11
27
31
31
30
30
29
29
34
34
28
28
13
13
35
35
22
22 36
36
23
23
24
37
24
37
25
25 -
-
---
38
---
38
-
---
-
---
UP
26
26 39
39
27
27
40
40
41
41
Level 8
Level 9
31
31
30
30
29
34
29
34
28
28
13
13
35
35 22
22
36
36
23
24
37
23
24
37
25
25
---
-
---
38
---
26
39
---
38 DN
39
27
26
27
UP
40
40
41
Level 12
41
Roof Top 173
175
TCONCLUSION HE S IS This thesis was intended to create a new building programing to facilitate interaction, collaboration, and the formation of better creative ideas for start up companies that visit San Francisco in search of networking and investors, as well as a way to promote and exhibit their work to that start up community and potential clients. In this manner, the building design generated by the process of research and analysis of the work space, new hotel accommodation, interactive architecture, in conjunction to the study of the site conditions and the end user, allowed to develop functional architecture that serves the specific user needs. With an emphasis on the quality of the interior space and how it serves the end user, the architecture generated open flexible work spaces with the integration of movable furniture, that can be rearrange as needed
to fit different number of people or different types of work activities. By creating an open work space, the user is exposed to interaction and collaboration to other disciplines that can become inspirational and therefore generate better creative ideas. In addition, this work space houses interactive spaces like lounge areas, open conference rooms, and arcade area to new connection and allow the user to work in a stress free environment, which generates productivity and creativity. Moreover, the lodging rooms are design with a modern home feel to make the user sense the space reliable and comfy. At the same time, the rooms have a small foot print and they offer basic amenities to engaged the user to interact and use the public spaces to constantly generate interaction.
As a complement to the work space, the building houses several public spaces for user to networking and entrainment. By including two restaurants, a cafeteria, exhibition space, a pool, and a conference center, the user is constantly involved in activities that intent human interaction. Furthermore, to fit the seismic risks of the area and climate conditions, the building design integrates a structural system that holds the building with a diagrid wrapping the architecture with a network of diagonal members forming at the same time the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skin. In correlation to the structural design, the building mass responds to the climate conditions, opening up towards the south to allow maximum daylight to the work space and natural lighting to every lodging room. By adding different atrium conditions, the building allows air flow and natural ventilation in s
addition to house part of the structural system that supports the exterior system from the interior. The results of this thesis proves that the integration of different building programmings are a bridge to generate architecture that focuses on the user experience and their particular need, by creating functional spaces that are diverse and flexible to enhance the human experience and therefore enhance human interaction and collaboration. The architecture has the power to influence human behavior which obeys the purpose of this thesis, to generate interaction, collaboration, productivity and new creative ideas for the entrepreneurial community, their ideas and business opportunities.
177
THESIS PRESENTATION
179
181