Tourism in Spain and Andalusia by adrianacriado2

INDEX: A. BASIC ELEMENTS THAT CHARACTERIZE THE TOURIST SECTOR……………………page 5 A.1. BASIC ELEMENTS THAT CHARACTERIZE THE TOURIST SECTOR………………….page 5 A . 2 . B A S I C E L E M E N T S T H AT C H A R A C T E R I Z E T H E TO U R I S M S E C TO R I N ANDALUCÍA…………………………………………………………………………………………page 6 B. TOURISM EVOLUTION……………………………………………………………………….page 9 B.1. TOURISM EVOLUTION..……………………………………………………………………page 9 B.2. TOURISM EVOLUTION IN ANDALUSIA……………………….……..………………….page 14 C. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE SECTOR…………………………………………………………………page 15 C1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE MATTER OF TOURISM IN WHICH PARTICIPATES ANDALUCIA..…………………………………………………………….page 17 C2. IMPORTANCE THAT SUCH MEETINGS HAVE FOR THE TOURISM SECTOR IN ANDALUCÍA.…………………………………………..…………………………………………….page 18 D. DIFFERENT PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS RELATED TO THE TOURISM SECTOR……………………………………………………………………………………………….page 19 D.1. DIFFERENT PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE TOURISM SECTOR IN ANDALUSIA………………………….………………………………………………..page 21 E. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY WITH RESPECT TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST NUCLEUS.………………………………………………….page 24 E.1. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY WITH RESPECT TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST NUCLEUS.………………………………………………….page 24 E.2. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY OF TOURISM ACTIVITY REGARDING THE ACTIVITY REGARDING THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANDALUSIAN TOURISM CENTER……………………………………………………………………………….…page 26 F. USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR AND ITS IMPACT AS A DRIVING FORCE IN IT. …………………………..…………………………………………………………….page 27 F.1. THE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR……page 27 F.2. THE DYNAMIC IMPACT OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR…………………………………………..………………………………………………….page 28 G. IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN THE FIELD OF TOURIM PROFESSION….page 30 G.1. MAIN TOURISM PROFESSIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…page 30 G.2. IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN THESE TOURIST PROFESSIONS……….page 32

A. BASIC ELEMENTS THAT CHARACTERIZE THE TOURIST SECTOR.

A . 1 . B A S I C E L E M E N T S T H AT CHARACTERIZE THE TOURIST SECTOR.

Important elements of tourism: 1. Demand: set of tourists that are motivated by products ir touristic services with the objective of satisfy their needs. 2. Supply: set of products and touristic services available for the tourist in a determinate location, for their enjoy and consume. 3. Geographic location: is the determinate geographic place where the offer is settled and towards the demand flows. 4. Tourist operators: agents that participate in the touristic activity as intermediaries between the final consumer.

But the website “Wikiversity: tourism introduction” that the teacher provided us, adds Direct and Indirect elements. –Direct elements: sales, accommodation, transport, activities, attraction, ancillary services. –Indirect elements: infrastructure, roads, airports, communication, public toilets, signs, manufacturing, building industry, electricity, water supply, beverage and waste disposal.

And also, the website “Share your essay: 3 important elements of tourism” says that the three more important elements are: tourists, geographical elements and tourism industry.

WEBGRAPHY: – https://prezi.com/re45dgnnfqbi/elementos-del-sistema-turistico/ –“Wikiversity: tourism introduction” –“Share your essay: 3 important elements of tourism”

A.2. BASIC ELEMENTS THAT CHARACTERIZE THE TOURISM SECTOR IN ANDALUCÍA.

Important elements of tourism in Andalusia: 1. Demand: set of tourists that are motivated by products ir touristic services with the objective of satisfy their needs. In 2016, Andalusia received 10.6 million international tourists, and in 2018, 10.9. The mains reasons for coming, according to a survey, are:  –Climate 26%

–Visit family 8%

–Beach 15%

–Price 5%

–Cultural 17%

–Nature 5%

–Monuments 11% –Golf 3% –Ski 1% –Other reasons 10%

People also love andalusian gastronomy. One of the most claimed products is the olive-oil.

2. Supply: set of products and touristic services available for the tourist in a determinate location, for their enjoy and consume. –Beaches: we have 945 km. of andalusian coast, and a good weather. –Golf: Andalusia has 97 golf fields, most of them located in Málaga and Cádiz. –Culture: Andalusia has a bit offer of monuments, museums, historical towns to visit. –Natura: there are biosphere reserves such as Doñana and Sierra Nevada, Natural Parks like Cabo de Gata in Almería, the Mountain Chain of Grazalema in Cádiz, which is the second biggest Natural Park in Europe. –Snow: Sierra Nevada. –Meeting and Congresses: Andalusia offers the highest number and the best quality related to infrastructures and buildings for this kind of tourism. –Health and beauty: natural thermal waters, arabic baths… –Flamenco: there are a lot of flamenco shows around Andalusia.

3. Geographic location: is the determinate geographic place where the offer is settled and towards the demand flows. 7

Andalusia is full of history, and has always been a destination for very different civilizations: Kingdom of Tartessos, Carthaginians, Roman Empire, Barbarians, Vandals, Visigoths, Berbers, Arab dynasties, the Catholics… Andalusia can be considered a bridge between Europe and Africa and connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. It’s geography is dominated by the fertile valley of the Guadalquivir river. The depression of the valley separates the Sierra Morena mountains in the north from the Bética ranges in the southeast, Half of the andalusian surface is mountainous. The highest mountains of the Spanish peninsula are situated in the Sierra Nevada mountains: the Mulhacén (3.481 meters) and the Veleta (3.398 meters)

4. Tourist operators: agents that participate in the touristic activity as intermediaries between the final consumer. There are companies dedicated to organizing tourist services, first-rate professionals whose main aim is to organize the trips of your dreams. You can program organism or sell combined trips and day trips get involved in tickets sales or reserve all kinds of means of transport, including booking and contracting tourism establishments and services or activities offered by tourism companies.

WEBGRAPHY: –www.andalucia.com/spain/statistics/tourism.htm –“Study of the demand on the olive-oil tourism. Case of Andalusia” https://revistas.um.es/ turismo/article/download/290641/212491/0P –“Analysis of Andalusian tourist supply” https://issuu.com/luumirallas/docs/emt_big_task_3/2?ff –http://www.andalusia-web.com/survey.htm –“Tour Operators and Travel Agencies” http://andalucia.org/en/tour-operators-and-travelagencies/

B. TOURISM EVOLUTION. B.1. TOURISM EVOLUTION. –Tourism as a global system: Society, politics, culture and, above all, the economy are important evidences for the tourism. There are countless empirical accounts, case studies, approaches, theories and perspectives in individual disciplines, including economy, geography, psychology, architecture, ecology, sociology, political science and medicine. The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) estimates that in 2007 it encompassed 904 million tourists who spent 855 billion US dollars W E B G R A P H Y : h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . e s / s e a r c h ? q=grafica+crecimiento+turismo&rlz=1C9BKJA_enES818ES818&hl=en9

GB&prmd=inv&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7dmK18TeAhXHDSwKHdQ9DScQ_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=915#imgrc=Gw25fVNUnv1u2M

–Early forms of travel and types of journey: Recreational and educational travel already existed in the classical world and, even earlier, in Egypt under the pharaohs. In the latter, there is evidence of journeys emanating from a luxury lifestyle and the search for amusement, experience and relaxation. In the Old Egypt cities around the Nilo river move for make economical and comercial activities. (2700-2200 a.C.) so here appears the fist type of journeys. it’s didn’t be travels for pleasure , was travel for change the place of residence , for make new commercial routes and places ... https://blog.elinsignia.com/2017/12/02/la-historia-de-egipto-y-su-relacion-con-el-turismo/ Greeks had similar traditions but he travelled to participated in the phytiam Games and after in the Olympic Games ( 485 B.C.) The fist type of Holidays was in the Old Rome but this holidays is about change of home or a trip. Was the first idea of time for relaxing or enjoy. Then appear the fist road built by emperor Adriano (2nd century A.C.) , that make easy the way of travel. There were about 160000km of roads. The appear of the first provinces divided In municipalities. Each province had its own services for enjoyment and entertainment so this could be the beginning of the tourist attractions This places was : forums,squares,temples,basilicas,shops and theaters. Roman people were the first to realize trips like nowadays we understand it. The first thinking place of destination for pleasure , free time... There was three types of tourism: PLEASURE,BUSINESS and HEALTH 10

This image shows the principals movements of the romans , the principal roads. All around the Mediterranean Sea. WEBGRAPHY: -https://ehdt.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/evolucion-del-turismo/ (IMAGE) -http://sabernoestademas.blogspot.com/2014/07/queremos-vacaciones-pero-cuando.html -https://ehdt.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/evolucion-del-turismo/ - h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . e s / s e a r c h ? q=turismo+de+negocios+en+el+imperio+romano&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjYr_rS6MbeAhXHw e A K H W 1 o D N s Q 2 cCegQIABAC&oq=turismo+de+negocios+en+el+imperio+romano&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-img. 3..33i10.371558.373079..373260...0.0..0.225.1599.0j10j1......0....1.........30i10.o97T7f3JrJE&ei=Lzv lW5jcMseDgwft0LHYDQ&rlz=1C9BKJA_enES818ES818&prmd=inmv&biw=678&bih=915&hl= en-GB#imgrc=vfq6ZnbyghjydM (IMAGE)

h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . e s / s e a r c h ? q=primeras+calzadas+romanas&rlz=1C9BKJA_enES818ES818&hl=enGB&prmd=inv&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH653l5MbeAhVMyxoKHQtfCD UQ_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=915#imgrc=bPIVJR_7HGx7QM

This system of transportation was in force until the appearance of the railway. During the middle age to Century XIX traveling was only for the high level people. On of the most transcendental things in this period was the maritime activity , it’s appeared the

first long trips by ship. In XV century Colon discovered America, appeared the first trips between Europe and America. h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . e s / s e a r c h ? q=turismo+edad+media&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjopLXc68beAhWLweAKHYluDm8Q2cCegQIABAC&oq=turismo+edad+media&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-img. 3..0i19j0i7i5i30i19.12780.15797..16022...0.0..0.168.2674.0j19......0....1.........0j30i10j0i7i30j0i7i5i3 0 j 0 i 8 i 7 i 3 0 . U z E u C 8 v 7 e q U & e i = a D 7 l W jQO4uDgweJ3bn4Bg&rlz=1C9BKJA_enES818ES818&prmd=inv&biw=678&bih=915&hl=enGB#imgrc=2WPdDq9G-RBTOM

–Modern age tourism: Beginning on the 15th century. In Rome 1500 pilgrims die because a plague , for this reason appears the first Hotel accommodations. Was a French word that designated the urban places.This places were urban palaces.

In this time , British , Spaniards and Portugueses beginning a big maritime expeditions which make a global interested in the tourism. At the end of 16th century appears the “ the big tour” , that was a big trip that young students made when they finished their courses. This was a very big trip ( between 3 and 5 years) the idea was that those students adquiere some experiences. This is the fist time that used the words tourism and tourist. http://1er-sem-turismo.blogspot.com/2012/09/turismo-en-la-edad-moderna.html

This image shows the principal destinations and routes on the “ big tour “ h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . e s / s e a r c h ? q=el+gran+tour+edad+moderna&rlz=1C9BKJA_enES818ES818&hl=enGB&prmd=ivn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiX59DL8cbeAhWLxoUKHdatB DYQ_AUIEigB&biw=678&bih=915#imgrc=ONkOIG5tveLkdM In this time there was a resurgence of the thermal baths as a therapeutic remedy which were made in Nice and Costa Azul . So this is the first trip to the beach like nowadays we know. –In the Contemporary Age and Nowadays.

18th century , could say the first real pleasure trips.Changes in the society , technological changes and people life style. The industrial revolution 19th century was a very important period for travel and tourism because people travel for work , search a new life or burgess who have a better economic situation and more free time got travel. The steam machine was a very important thing for the transports and reduces the time to travel.

1841 Thomas Cook organized the first trip and created the first travel agency https://goo.gl/images/qGdwU4 In 1941 ( World War One) ; 150000 American tourists were in Europe. The plane was winning the boat , and people choose this for long distances. 1950-1973 , a Touristic Boom , international tourism grew more than ever. Nowadays we talk about a new type of tourism , the luxury tourism” http://1er-sem-turismo.blogspot.com/2012/09/turismo-en-la-edad-contemporanea.html

B.2. TOURISM EVOLUTION IN ANDALUSIA Focus on XX century ( 1950 ) Andalucia has had a no stop tourism and travel industry. The “ costa del Sol “ nowadays is Malaga but on 50s was in Almeria and was the door for Andalusian tourism , people to came for Sun and Beach , although Andalucia is one of the most complete destinations in Spain. More usual people in Andalucia is British,German and French people. 14

https://goo.gl/images/DAwC1d The 70% of our tourism is Beach and Sun tourism , its in Malaga,Huelva,Cadiz and Almeria. The boom of the “Costa del Sol” in Malaga , the luxury tourism. https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/Benjumea8/el-turismo-en-.. This graphic shows how tourism going up in Andalucía on summer. Andalucia´s beaches are one of the best of Spain and the Mediterranean weather attracts many tourists. Málaga is the first of destinations thanks to “Costa del Sol”. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadisticaycartografia/turismo/notaprensa.htm

C. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE SECTOR.

Internacionales: –TTF Chennai: It is India’s leading exhibition for the travel and tourism industry. It provides an annual opportunity for organizations from India and abroad to showcase their products and services. –VAKANTIEBEURS: 15

People look for new travel destinations. You get the chance to come into direct contact with people who are looking for a great holiday. It is located in Utrecht, Netherlands. –CMT, The Holiday Exhibition: This event showcases product like most beautiful destinations, cycling, wellness… as well as a tourism entertainment program and much more. –UNWTO Awards Forum: It is important to share and learn about the most innovative and inspiring solutions to foster the sustainable development of the tourism sector. The event also features inspirational speeches delivered by keynote speakers offering their insights on the recent trends shaping the sector. –And much more as: EMITT, ARIPEX, SIAHA, ITB China…

Nacionales: –INTUR. Importance: to spread interior tourism. It is located in Valladolid. –IBTM. It is the profesional tourism fair, among others as events, congress… in Barcelona. It offers opportunities to get better in profesional education, professional contacts and the best business. It is located in Barcelona. –FITUR: Fitur offers new strategies in tourism, promotion of new products, destinations and commercialization. It is located in Madrid. –NAVARTUR: It is a big tourism fair and an open door to a potential market. The traveler looks for new experiences, dream and to plan a new travel. It is located in Navartur. –Feria Internacional del Atlántico: It objective is to facility new opportunities to business, inversion, promotion and collaboration inside the tourist sector. It is placed in Canarias. –TUREXPO GALICIA. 16

WEBGRAPHY: –https://www.tradefairdates.com//TTF-Travel-Tourism-Fair-M2784/Chennai.html –https://www.vakantiebeurs.nl/en/Exposant/Concept.aspx –https://10times.com/cmt-holiday-exhibition –http://know.unwto.org/content/14th-unwto-awards-forum –Document: “INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS 2017” –https://www.nferias.com/turismo/espana/

C1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE MATTER OF TOURISM IN WHICH PARTICIPATES ANDALUCIA.

–Congreso AECIT: Conocimiento, creatividad, innovación: hacia el turismo del futuro (Almería) –Congreso internacional Científico-Profesional de Turismo Cultural (CITC) (Córdoba) –World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (Sevilla) –Andalucía Sol Cup-Francia y Bélgica (Marbella) –Feria de Turismo Interior de Andalucía (Tierra Adentro) (Jaén)

WEBGRAPHY: –http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/opencms/areas/servicios/centrodocumentacion/centro-documentacion/agenda/detalle-de-evento/index.html?id=1275 –http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/opencms/areas/servicios/centrodocumentacion/centro-documentacion/agenda/detalle-de-evento/index.html?id=1307 –http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/opencms/areas/servicios/centrodocumentacion/centro-documentacion/agenda/detalle-de-evento/index.html?id=1290 –https://www.turismoandaluz.com/acciones-vigentes 17

–http://www.turiceo.com/ferias-turismo/item/49tierraadentro.html

C2. IMPORTANCE THAT SUCH MEETINGS HAVE FOR THE TOURISM SECTOR IN ANDALUCÍA.

–Congreso AECIT: Conocimiento, creatividad, innovación: hacia el turismo del futuro (Almería) The thematics blocks of the congress will be the direction and management of tourism, services companies, ICT applied to tourism, the social and political dimensions of tourism…

–Congreso internacional Científico-Profesional de Turismo Cultural (CITC) (Córdoba) It makes tourist demand to grow in this area: cultural tourism. Tourism is getting adapted to the demand and their consumers.

–World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (Sevilla) It represents the Travel & Tourism private sector globally. It supports one in 10 jobs (313 million) worldwide and generates 10.4% of world GDP. WTTC conducts research on the Economic Impact of Travel & Tourism in 185 countries for over 25 years. In 2017, the Travel & Tourism industry experienced 4.6% growth, compared to the global economy (3%) One in five new jobs were created by the industry, and is why WTTC is the best partner for governments to create jobs.

–Andalucía Sol Cup-Francia y Bélgica (Marbella) A profesional event with touristic intermediaries specialized in golf segment and the golf touristic offer in Andalusia. It makes a lot of tourism to come and stay in hotels.

–Feria de Turismo Interior de Andalucía (Tierra Adentro) (Jaén) It promotes sports in nature. It allows a lot of business to come, tourism and sport clubes. It makes an increase of the sport activities demand linked to leisure, tourism and adventure. WEBGRAPHY: –http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/opencms/areas/servicios/centrodocumentacion/centro-documentacion/agenda/detalle-de-evento/index.html?id=1275 –http://www.congresointernacionalturismocultural.com –https://www.wttc.org –https://www.turismoandaluz.com/acciones-vigentes –www.ifeja.org/tierraadentro/contenidos.php?secc=1011

D. DIFFERENT PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS RELATED TO THE TOURISM SECTOR.

Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism.

! This ministry assumes the strategic direction, evaluation and control of the results of its activity, through the Ministry of Tourism. In addition, it is responsible for the control of efficiency, without prejudice to the powers attributed to the General Intervention of the State Administration in terms of the evaluation and control of the results of public bodies that are members of the state public sector. SEGITTUR 19

The State Society for the Management of Innovation and Tourism Technologies, under the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, and attached to the State Secretariat of Tourism, is responsible for promoting innovation in the Spanish tourism sector, both in the public sector as in the private sector.  SEGITTUR is a powerful and efficient operator capable of contributing to the development, modernization and maintenance of a leading tourism industry, through technological innovation. Generates and manages technology, knowledge and innovation necessary to improve competitiveness, quality and sustainability in the environmental, economic and social areas of tourism. It disseminates, promotes and implements in the national and international tourism markets the good practices, knowledge and technological innovation that have made Spain a world reference in the field of international tourism.

· Autonomous organization. TURESPAÑA. Is the body responsible for the Spanish image in tourism, whose main function is to promote and market Spanish tourism in the world, developing strategic marketing plans, tourism market research, all this, based fundamentally on the collaboration of the public-Spanish sector. On the other hand, it creates sustainable value of Spanish tourism through the promotion of the economy, social, and environment in national destinations. At the same time, Turespaña has a network of 33 Tourism Councils abroad that act as knowledge and marketing cells as well as business platforms for the sector. Its role abroad is essential for the implementation of the international tourism promotion strategy. The National and Integral Tourism Plan approved in the Council of Ministers is the road map of the Tourism Administration of the Spanish State to create the bases of a competitive tourism 20

sector in the new international scenario.

· Cooperation organizations. Spanish tourism coincil. It is an advisory and consultative body of the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism. It is an organ of cooperation and collaboration between the public and private sectors. Its purpose is to favor the participation of the different Public Administrations with competences in the matter and of the businessmen, workers and professionals that affect the tourist activity, in the follow-up of the tourist policies in Spain and in the activities of the Tourist Administration of the State. Sectorial conference of tourism. The Secorial Conference is a body created to facilitate cooperation and coordination between the General State Administration and the Autonomous Administrations. Se estructura en tres órganos: el Pleno, la Mesa de Directores Generales de Turismo y los Grupos de Trabajo. Interministerial comission of tourism. The Ministerial Commission of Tourism was created in 1994 to promote and coordinate the action of the services of the General State Administration and Public Entities that develop plans and projects with a direct impact on tourism. The composition of the Commission has been adapted to the ministerial structure through various royal decrees until 2004.

D.1. DIFFERENT PUBLIC OR PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE TOURISM SECTOR IN ANDALUSIA.

Andalusian tourism council. The Council is the collegiate body of administrative participation of advisory and advisory nature of the Administration of the Junta de Andalucía in the field of tourism, being attached organically to the Ministry responsible for tourism, corresponding to the person in charge of the Vice-counseling their impulse and organization, as well as ensuring its proper functioning.

The Public Company for the Management of Tourism and Sports of Andalusia (constituted by the merger of the companies Andaluz Tourism SA and Public Company of Andalucian Sports SA) has a double objective: the promotion of the Andalusia brand as a tourist destination of the first order and the promotion of the renovation process of this industry in Andalusia. Private organizations in Andalucía:  Empresa Pública para la Gestión del turismo y del deporte en Andalucía, S.A.  Cetursa sierra Nevada, S.A.  Promonevada, S.A. En liquidación.  Apartahotel Trevenque, S.A.  Fundación Andalucía Olímpica  Fundación Real Escuela Andaluza de Arte Ecuestre.

Provincial Tourism Board of Granada.  The Provincial Tourism Board is a dependent body of the Diputación de Granada created in 1982.

!   Provincial Tourism Board of the Costal del Sol.  Tourism and Planning Costa del Sol, S.L.U., is a public company of the Diputación Provincial de Málaga.

Provincial Tourism Board of Cadiz.  The provincial toruism board is a local autonomous body attached to the Economic Development Area of the Provincial Council of Cádiz. 23

WEBGRAPHY: http://expolitur.blogspot.es/1448147386/organizaciones-e-instituciones-publicas-dedicadas-alturismo-en-espana/ https://juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/turismoydeporte/consejeria/organos-colegiados/ 59471.html https://juntadeandalucia.es/temas/sectores/turismo/sector-turistico.html https://www.turismoandaluz.com/ https://juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/turismoydeporte/consejeria/adscritos.html http://www.dipucadiz.es/patronatoturismocadiz http://www.andalucia.org/es/contacta-con-nosotros/malaga/la-costa-del-sol/ http://www.turgranada.es/patronato-provincial-de-turismo/ E. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY WITH RESPECT TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST NUCLEUS. E.1. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY WITH RESPECT TO THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST NUCLEUS.

When tourism is analyzed as an economic activity, it must be defined as the set of actions and relationships that originate when people are moved outside of their habitual residence, for leisure, business, pleasure, adventure, personal purposes. , religious, health, pleasure, professionals, etc. This leads to the realization of expenses which necessarily report benefits to the destination in question and where the tourists satisfy the needs mentioned above. The economic growth of many countries depends, to a large extent, on the growth of their tourism activity. â&#x2014;? Why is tourism leakage a problem? Tourism has a fantastic potential to create local jobs, boost community development, infrastructure, and education. However, these benefits are hampered by a tourism setup, such as the above. The example is not uncommon. It is, in fact, how many of us spend our holidays. But not only does tourism leakage prevent socio-economic benefits from reaching the communities, the 24

local residents are often the unwilling recipients of the nuisances and problems related to tourism. These negative impacts can for example be inflated prices, shortage of water and other resources, increased wastage, and overcrowdedness. ● Tourism multiplier effect Multipler effect in tourism means tourism does not create jobs in the tertiary sector, it also creates jobs in the primary sector and secondary sectors of industry. This is also known as the multipler effect which in its simplest form is how many times money spent by a tourist circulates through a country’s economy. Tourism not only creates jobs in the tertiary sector, it also encourages growth in the primary and secondary sectors of industry. This is known as the multiplier effect which in its simplest form is how many times money spent by a tourist circulates through a country's economy. Money spent in a hotel helps to create jobs directly in the hotel, but it also creates jobs indirectly elsewhere in the economy. The hotel, for example, has to buy food from local farmers, who may spend some of this money on fertiliser or clothes. The demand for local products increases as tourists often buy souvenirs, which increases secondary employment. The multiplier effect continues until the money eventually 'leaks' from the economy through imports - the purchase of goods from other countries. ● Tourism overuse

Tourism overuse has had disastrous impacts on precisely the coral reefs on which the tourism industry depends. The revenue streams in coral reef areas are being threatened by the deterioration of coral reefs. Damage to the reefs has often been caused by the increase in tourism itself, through direct damage by careless tourists and through the unregulated construction and the irresponsible operation of tourist related facilities. Mass tourism poses a threat to reefs and to the income that coral reefs provide to the local population. Sustainable tourism, on the other hand, is a source of income to people in reef areas. It even forms an alternative to destructive fishing practices for local communities. The main human impacts related to mass tourism development include sedimentation and loss of habitat by land reclamation, dust, and disposal of solid waste, sewage and sludge. This has, among other things, increased turbidity thereby reducing the levels of light needed for growth and survival. Alongside this, careless practices have direct impacts on coral reef ecosystems, as corals are damaged and killed by contact with fins, hands, knees and also boat or anchor damage.

TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT. The economic importance of tourism to a destination is commonly underappreciated and extends well beyond core hospitality and transportation sectors. Tourism Economics offers a solution to destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and to industry associations that marries rigorous methodology and compelling communication to raise the profile of tourism as an economic engine. Our approach combines visitor info survey and industry data to provide maximum credibility and to ensure no component of tourism activity is overlooked. Tourism Economics' impact models also capture the critical secondary benefits to the tourism supply chain and the economic gains through the local spending of tourism wages. This provides a comprehensive view of tourism-generated sales, production, employment, wages, and taxes. But the best research is only as good as its communication. Our clients enjoy a presentation style of clear and compelling narrative, charts, tables, and maps. In this way, the message of tourism's importance is clearly conveyed and our clients' objectives are realized.

E.2. IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM ACTIVITY OF TOURISM ACTIVITY REGARDING THE ACTIVITY REGARDING THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANDALUSIAN TOURISM CENTER. Advantages: â&#x2014;? Generate economic growth favoring the country. â&#x2014;? Generates new Jobs. 26

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Cultural Exchange. Acquisition of knowledge about other cultures. Development of the place. Exploitation of natural resources. Development of security. The conservation of historical and tourist places. Creation of new infrastructures.

Disadvantages. ● Environmental deterioration and pollution. ● Increase of waste. ● Poorly paid Jobs. ● The cultural loss. ● Excessive occupation of the coasts. ● Poor planning of seasonal locations. ● Sex tourism. ● Invasion of ecosystems. ● There is no control over the needs of the population.

WEBGRAPHY: https://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/desarrollo-turismo/desarrollo-turismo.shtml https://old.aecr.org/web/congresos/1997/cts/comun/a3/03-082fjj.PDF http://www.tourism4development2017.org/es/conocimiento/tourism-leakage-how-muchdoes-tourism-actually-contribute-locally-2/ https://geographyfieldwork.com/TouristMultiplier.htm https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-multiplier-effect-in-tourism-and-what-are-someexamples https://www.coralgardening.org/tourism-overuse/

F. USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR AND ITS IMPACT AS A DRIVING FORCE IN IT. F.1. THE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR.

F.2. THE DYNAMIC IMPACT OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR. These are some of the tourist applications most used in Andalusia: TripAdvisor: TripAdvisor is the tourist leading platform in the world. It has a traffic of 455 million only visitors a month. In this platform there can manage to be read more than 570 million comments and users' opinions. There are reviews of approximately 7 millions of housings and restaurants. The sites with the brand TripAdvisor are available on 49 different markets and shelter the travelers' biggest community of the world

https://niveldecalidad.com/que-es-y-como-funciona-tripadvisor/

Booking. It is an aggregator of rates of trip and a â&#x20AC;&#x153;metabuscadorâ&#x20AC;? of trips for reservations of housing. Booking.com forms a part of Booking Holdings Inc. and account with more than 17.000 workers in 198 offices of 70 countries of the whole world. Has Booking.com his headquarters in Amsterdam 1? The web site has more than 28,889,846 lists in 137,971 destinations in 229 countries and territories in the whole world. Every day are more than 1,550,000 rooms reserved in the site web 2? The site is available in 43 languages. His slogan in announcements is " Booking.com: Booking.yeah ".

! https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booking.com

Airbnb is a community market that serves to publish, publicize and to reserve housing of economic form in more than 190 countries across Internet or from your smarthphone. It is based on the modality " Bed and Breakfast " (wherefrom the "bnb" comes). This one system allows to the user to find housing, with the difference of which it will not be in a hotel but in the home of a person who can be living even in him. The interesting thing is that you will be able to rent from common apartments up to houses of the tree, iglĂşs, mills https://www.entornoturistico.com/que-es-airbnb-y-como-funciona/ The narrow existing relation between the tourism and the technological innovation has generated an important range of possibilities for companies and tourist destinations in his intention of granting a more wealth-producing experience to the tourists. In this respect, the increased reality constitutes one of the technological advances more importantly of last years. The increased reality is an effective and relevant tool of communication across which it is possible to announce the tourist resources, of there that his use in this sector and particularly, his application to the tourism culture has turned into an added value to announce the historical and cultural heritage of a tourist destination.

https://idus.us.es/xmlui/handle/11441/53049

Across the mobile application Guideo App, which uses the reality increased to announce the cultural resources of several tourist Spanish destinations, between which they find Cadiz, Malaga or Seville, offering a product or cultural service of the first level that it allows to the consumer to enjoy the only experience, in that the sensations and emotions of the users play a key paper beyond the product in yes, to it be able to recreate in his mobile devices the historical events of the destination. Particularly, we will announce the experience that contributes this company to the tourists who 29

come to the tourist destination of the city of Cadiz.

h t t p s : / / www.youtube.com/watch? v=nDxq0RvTnmo h t t p s : / / www.websa100.com/blog/ guideo-una-app-turisticabasada-en-la-realidadaumentada/

G. IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN THE FIELD OF TOURIM PROFESSION. G.1. MAIN TOURISM PROFESSIONS THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN THE ANDALUSIAN TOURISM SECTOR. The physical agencies of tourism have been diminishing with the time, but the have not disappeared. In fact, now there are in summit the agencies dedicated to trips specialized and destined to a certain public. Trips of adventure, of luxury, boyfriends' trips, low cost, travel for students, etc. The options are very varied, as the type of traveler the one that is directed. On the other hand, we cannot stop mentioning the agencies online. That we would do without Internet, To be employed at a travel agency online is undoubtedly to adapt to the present and to the future. Expenses save themselves and if the web page of the company is very visual and with many details of every trip, it will be the whole success.

TRAVEL AGENCY ASSISTANT 30

TOURISTIC GUIDE. Is a person who provides assistance, information on cultural, historical and contemporary heritage to people on organized tours and individual clients at educational establishments, religious and historical sites, museums, and at venues of other significant interest, attractions sites.

RECEPTIONIST The receptionist's work is one of that more it has been evolving depending on the trends of the market. And it is that these professionals are the first impression that the client takes to himself on having come to the hotel. The requirements to occupy the position generally are in the habit of being a formation in Hotel and catering business or Tourism, languages, aptitude to be employed at equipment and good treatment with the public.

COMMUNITY MANAGER Is a relatively recent profession, the certain thing is that it has turned into one of most demanded inside the sector of the tourism. It is a question of the figure that it manages the social networks and the communication online. Very tied to the revenue manager who takes charge interconnecting the strategies of each one of the departments in order that they are more efficient, beside prices to fit, to realize promotions and to catch sales. 31

G.2. IMPORTANCE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN THESE TOURIST PROFESSIONS.

All these tourist professions are important in the sector of the tourism to offer a major satisfaction to the client at the moment of receiving a service, and power like that to create a major number of tributaries of tourists or consumers due to the recognition that gives him to this Hotel, City, Monument.