RA 3 - OFERTA TURÍSTICA by adrianacriado2

TOURIST OFFER

Adriana Criado Ana Delgado Mario Machado Belén Gámiz

INDEX a).......................................page 4 b).......................................page 4 b1)....................................page 5 b2)....................................page 6 c).......................................page 8 c1).......................................page 10 c2).......................................page 12 d).......................................page 14 e).......................................page 15 e1).......................................page 16 e2).......................................page 17 f).......................................page 17 f1).......................................page 18 f2).......................................page 19 g).......................................page 20 g2).......................................page 23 h).......................................page 29

RA 3 - OFERTA TURÍSTICA a) Se ha identificado el mercado turístico y sus características. a1. Se ha identificado el mercado turístico andaluz. Spanish tourism in Andalusia, andalusian tourism in Andalusia, foreign tourism in Andalusia, british tourism in Andalusia, deutsch tourism in Andalusia, french tourism in Andalusia, italian tourism in Andalusia, portuguese tourism in Andalusia, U.S tourism in Andalusia, russian tourism in Andalusia, tourism of nordics countries in Andalusia, others tourist markets in Andalusia. a2. Se han identificado las características del mercado turístico andaluz. The tourist market in Andalusia is booming. Tourism is formed in Andalusia, as a fundamental economic activity, being sun and beach tourism activities, the ones that more tourists and income report. Due to this importance, in Andalusia the sun and beach tourism is reaching its final stage of maturity. New kinds of tourism are emerging, either they become tourist typologies themselves alone creating a demand for tourism, or complement to the sun and beach tourism, creating a diversification in the main typology.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Mercados turísticos en Andalucía El turismo en Andalucía Características del turismo en Andalucía b) Se ha definido la oferta turística junto con los elementos y estructura básica de la misma. B) Tourism demand and supply Its the services and products that the market (customers), requires to tourist operators in order to satisfy leisure, free time or holidays needs. In the tourist demand interview some operators that offer some products and services in a determinate geographic spaces and places where this services are realized. Always in a free market of demand and supply. There are some general concepts about the tourist demand: The quantity of a service or article that a customer wants to buy for a determinate time period depends of the price of this product or service, the economical power of this customer and the prices of other similar services and in fact the customer likes.

So the demand of a product or services depends of the number of the customers that want this product or service. Usually when the economic power of the people increase also increase the demand of some products or services because this customer use its money for free time or enjoy. The demand and supply of the tourist market has some factors: -economical: usually the economical power of the people and the amount that they spend in trips or tourism -relative factors like the seasons and its relation with the holidays systems, the changing-interest of the people and the opinion about a determinate geographic area. -random factors like wars, social inequalities and natural disasters. -Marketing factors and the power of show our product to a customers. -Factors of production of the services. The touristic demand and supply is characterized because is: - determinated by the cultural level of the people. - change in space and time. -Is associated to a places of individual interesting.

b1. Se ha definido la oferta turĂstica andaluza. In Spain the tourist demand in 2018 had a decline which is reflected in our GDB ( PIB Producto Interior Bruto). Its decline was of the 2.0% In AndalucĂa there is a big touristic demand in fact 28,2 million of people visited this community in 2018. The hotel industry also has notices of this growing with 50 million of stays in a year (4 million more than the last year)

b2. Se han definido los elementos y la estructura básica de la oferta turística andaluza. In Andalucía there is a big touristic demand in fact 28,2 million of people visited this community in 2018. The hotel industry also has notices of this growing with 50 million of stays in a year (4 million more than the last year) Andalucia has a rich touristic offer but especially of three types. -Sun and beach tourism: the geographic situation of Andalucia ( south of Spain with the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean) is perfect for this kind of tourism. Its climate is one of the best of Europe with a big number of sun hours. A 75% of the stays in Andalucia are in Hotel of the beach and in fact here its concentrated the majority of the tourist places. The biggest touristic demand of this kind is in August with a 13,26% of the total of guest. The most common destinations for are Malaga (costa del Sol), Huelva, Cadiz and part of Almeria. Another factor that influences the demand of this kind of tourism is the number of blue flags ( its meaning is the quality of the beach), 84 in Andalucia. -Cultural tourism: This community has a huge offer of cultural attractions. Andalucia has worldwide known monuments like Alhambra (Granada) or Mosque (Cordoba). Also are famous the cathedrals, castles and alcazabas like Sevilla’s cathedral. Each province has a big variety of architectural styles (from islamic to renacentist and baroque). -Natural Tourism: is also one of the most important offer in tourism in Andalucia. Its kind of tourism concentrates sport tourism (sierra nevada), adventure(Cazorla) and so on. https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo_en_Andaluc%C3%ADa

Tourism in Andalusia is a key sector of the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy, not just in terms of its size but also because it constitutes a heterogeneous activity that draws upon a wide range of productive branches and territories in order to satisfy tourist demand. This diversity and broad productive relationship mean that tourism is among those activities with the greatest capacity for generating income and employment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Características oferta y demanda Demanda y oferta en Andalucía Gráficas demanda y oferta en Andalucía Principales destinos Andalucía Elementos básicos oferta turística Andalucía Estadísticas turismo andaluz

c) Se han caracterizado los canales de intermediación turística, así como los nuevos sistemas de distribución. Tourism is one of the economical activities that has increased more in the last years, in fact is the most important strong for economy in Spain.

In the last years has appeared new intermediaries (tour operators) which help to this growing of the tourism and nowadays is the most important part of the tourism distribution. The total amount of the wholesalers in Spain has been €4550 million with a annual increase of 6%. The amount of the retailers was €15560 million. The tourism channels are the structure of all the enterprises or organizations that have the objective of make easy the process of purchase a product or service. There are two types of distribution channels: -Direct: internet is the main channel of distribution of tourism packages. -Indirect: in this kind the package is selling by the intermediaries like travel agencies or tour operators. Intermediaries have positive and negative aspects. Positive: - This intermediaries have a better knowledge of the market and let us a “physical idea” of the products. -They assume the risk of the distribution of the products or services. Negative: -There isn’t control of the distribution. -The payment to the suppliers is bad and irregular When we choose a channel of distribution we must keep in mind: -Flexibility: capacity of adapt to the demand changes -control: it refers to a information and distribution of the services and the services offered as well. -image: the image of the distribution channel must be the same of the enterprise owner of the product or service -competition: A good competition between the producer of the product or service and distribution channel.

Within the tourism marketing, channels or distribution networks are the structure that is formed in a tourism market by the set of organizations, with the main objective of facilitating and making available to potential buyers the products of different manufacturers making the concretion of the sale, confirming it and effecting its collection. The distribution channel is a structure of businesses and interdependent organizations that goes from the point of origin of the product to the consumer. A distribution channel is made up of people and companies that intervene in the transfer of ownership of a product, as it passes from the manufacturer to the final consumer or the industrial user. - The justification for the use of intermediaries is given for several reasons: ● Optimize the sales force. ● Greater efficiency to get products and services available in target markets. ● Decrease in the number of contacts to carry out distribution operations.

There are two types of channel of distribution: - Direct channels: The Internet is used as the main means of distributing tourist packages because with this means the client is directly reached, avoiding commissions to intermediaries (travel agencies and tour operators). The portal will have the ability to make sales via the Internet and will present a friendly interface with the option to choose the customer's language. Also, you will have the help of a virtual tutor who will guide the client to complete the transaction. - Indirect channels: With this type of distribution, nature tourism packages are sold with the intermediary companies. These companies are the travel agencies and tourism operators that are located nationally and abroad, who act as representatives providing all the information about the services offered. c1. Se han caracterizado los canales de intermediación turística en Andalucía. In Andalusia as well as in Spain there are 15 tourist distributors that account for 87% of the income obtained. Although it is a very high percentage, there has been a great growth of reservations through the pages of the hotels. Most foreign tourists make their reservations through international channels, but do not forget the locals as they attract the majority of national tourists and we must bear in mind that among the Spanish and Andalusian national tourism is growing. The 15 main booking channels are:

-booking.com ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

expedia.com Hotel website ( direct selling) Hotel beds GTA Kettle Hotels Hotusa Group HRS GDS Welcome incoming Serhs tourism On the beach Jumbo tours

c2. Se han caracterizado los nuevos sistemas de distribución de la oferta turística en Andalucía. The key to the new tourist distribution systems in Andalusia is in technology. Mobile applications, social networks or online shopping are the most used systems. One of the most important engines of the Andalusian economy is tourism, this leads to finding new ways to keep visitor numbers high and to get closer and closer to a hyperconnected environment The traveling client looks for new experiences, looks for new types of accommodation and organizes their trip in a different way. Within these new types are highlighted the success of BlaBla Car or Airbnb which have radically changed the way to transport or stay when traveling

The mobile as a center to organize a trip, join all platforms in mobile applications is another trend of the current tourism market so that from our mobile phone we can organize and hire everything necessary for our next trip. In Andalusia, as in Spain, applications such as Booking.com, Expedia.com, TripAdvisor ... There is not much difference between the Andalusian and Spanish distribution systems.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Calales intermediación turística Canales intermediación turística en Andalucía Principales canales de intermediación turística Nuevos canales turísticos en Andalucía

d) Se han diferenciado las empresas de alojamientos turísticos según su tipología y características básicas. d1. Se han descrito los diferentes tipos de empresas turísticas de alojamientos que operan en Andalucía. d2. Se han descrito las diferencias que presentan las características básicas de los diferentes tipos de empresas de alojamientos turísticos que operan en Andalucía. The hotel, with its different variants (hostel, boarding house) according to the services offered, the degree of occupation of the building and other criteria. They offer a room with bathroom in the same room or on the floor, as well as a reception service for clients. The aparthotels are another modality. They are characterized by having a kitchen and living room in the private room in which they stay in the guests. In addition, they have reception and sometimes other services of a hotel: parking, laundry, etc. Holiday homes, this type of accommodation, usually tourist apartments, with great implantation in coastal areas. They have rooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom and terrace, on rent for weeks or several months, often in developments with common areas such as swimming pool or paddle tennis courts. Youth hostels, on the other hand, are types of low-cost accommodation where the rooms are shared with other guests with whom the client may not have a relationship. In addition, these types of accommodation tend to have shared use areas, such as kitchens and living rooms, where users are the ones who cook, clean what is used, etc. Some variants of these hostels are the hostels of pilgrims, on routes such as the Camino de Santiago, or the Bed & Breakfast. The rural houses, offered by room (rural accommodation) or in full for large groups. They are usually buildings of traditional architecture rehabilitated for this new function. When your regime is room-by-room, there is usually a reception or minimal services offered by the managers of the rural house, such as breakfast. Campsites are also common types of accommodation in natural environments. And within the campsites, the types of accommodation are varied: free camping areas for shops, plot areas for shops, caravans or motor homes and bungalows. The Internet and the growing development of tourism in large cities has created new types of accommodation, often called P2P (person to person). Through reference web portals, homeowners offer them on a daily rental basis to other tourists, which is generating a debate about their impact on cities and neighborhood communities. A similar formula is the exchange or couchsurfing, in which guests stay free of charge in homes in exchange for them, in their places of origin, do the same with other users. 14

Therefore, this sector is constantly evolving and awaiting regulatory regulation satisfactory to all parties.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Tipos de alojamiento turístico Tipos de alojamiento turístico en Andalucía e) Se han identificado los diferentes medios de transporte de carácter turístico y los servicios ligados a ellos. -Train: Spain has a wide network of high-speed trains (AVE) connecting major tourist destinations in under three hours. Train connections are made up of long-haul train routes and the “cercanías” trains which connect nearby cities. -Plane: plane is the most used transport to arrive to Spain. A lot of people use it as well to move around Spain. The most common airports are in Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga. -Rent a car: lot of tourists rent a car to move in the city, or going to one city to another in may

days. Is not expensive at all, and a good way to not depend on other transports.

-Bus: normally bus is most used by local people, but tourists use it as well. -Cruise/ferry: ships are a good way of transport as well. Cruises are really good to see many cities in a few days, and ferry connects cities or islands. -Taxi: is really common that tourists use taxi to go to determinate places quickly and without being with people they don’t know.

e1. Se han identificado los diferentes tipos de medios de transporte de carácter turístico que operan en Andalucía.

All the transports mentioned in point e) are available in Andalusia: -Plane: the most popular airport is the Málaga one. -Train: especially to go to Sevilla. -Rent a car: is really typical to make a route around Andalusia. -Bus. -Cruise/ferry (especially in Málaga and Huelva) -Taxi: they are really cheap and quickly. e2. Se han identificado los diferentes tipos de servicios ligados a los medios de transporte turístico identificados en e1. In a plane, the service of buying some food or specific products. In the train, the same. Normally there is staff offering you these services. In a private bus can be the free airpods or the bottle of water. In the cruise, the excursions you book to make when the ship stops. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Información transportes f) Se ha caracterizado la oferta complementaria. -Travel insurance: which provides insurance for loss of baggage, passport, or any valuables, medical expenses while in a trip.

-Park event tickets: many hotels offer with the booking of some nights tickets to visit a thematic park or adventure park, which is cheaper than buying them separate. -Car hire: as we saw in point e), many tourists like to rent a car to move around cities. -Car insurance: for their owns cars or the rent cars.

-Airport parking: if they go to the airport by car and they need to leave it there for a few days, they cant rent a parking space. -Foreign exchange: that way they can pay in cash, which is cheaper than pay with they credit card because of the taxes. -Tour Guide: to see monuments or visit the city. -Theater and concerts. -Transfers: coach, private bus, taxi or limo. This one is related with chauffeur service.

f1. Se ha definido el concepto de oferta complementaria. Ancillary services in travel and tourism are services that are provided which make the entire travel experience very comfortable, safe, secure and enjoyable. Ancillary services refer to all the 'extras' that tourists may need when going on holiday or on a business trip. Many travel agents offer ancillary services to their customers and make good commission on these products that they sell to them.

f2. Se ha caracterizado la oferta complementaria que existe en Andalucía. All the ancillary services mentioned in f) are available in Andalusia: -Travel insurance: for example, INNOVAC. -Park event tickets: for example, in Sevilla, Isla Mágica. In Málaga, Tivoli Word or Selwo Aventura. In Almería, Mini Hollywood.

-Car hire: in Granada, “Alquiauto”, “Atesa”... -Car insurance: MAPFRE, AXA. -Airport parking: in Málaga there are a lot, for example: Pedro Car, Picasso Parking, San Isidro... -Foreign exchange: in Granada, “Alhambra Viajes”, in Malaga airport, and many agencies. -Tour Guide: “Granavision”,

to to

see Alhambra, see Granada,

“Cicerone”. To see Giralda in Sevilla, “Andalsur”. To see Cordoba, “Cordobavision”, in Malaga, “Anera Travel” -Transfers: “Granavision”, “Andalsur”, “Autocares Mateo”... -Theater and concerts: “Starlite” in Marbella, “Festival música y danza” in Granada, “Isabel La Católica theater” in Granada, “Cervantes theatre” in Málaga, “Cinema festival” in Málaga, “Bienal de flamenco” in Sevilla...

BIBLIOGRAPHY: –Document from EDMODO: “What are the ancillary services?” –Travel industry. –Ancillary services g) Se han descrito las peculiaridades del núcleo turístico. g1. Se ha definido el concepto de núcleo turístico.

A Tourist Core is a geographic place that generates a tourist activity emitting or receiving. Visitors or tourists go according to a specific motivation according to the place of interest, either because of the publicity they have made it has said place and has called the immediate attention to the person for some reason. The nucleus is any

country, region or locality with no limit and that is divided into two that are: Issuer nucleos of tourism: it is the tourism that is emitted (leaving more people to whom they enter), that is sent out, usually this nucleus has a high economic and social level, generating a tourist flow to another. Receiving centre of tourism: is the tourism that is received (more people enter than those who leave). It is the nucleus (country, city, region, among others) that due to its climatic, natural, historical, artistic characteristics...attracts a tourist current towards it. Climate centres: sun and beach tourism (cold and warm). Hot springs: spas. Landscape nuclei: nature parks, nature reserves. Active sports centers: practice traditional sports or adventure sports. Historical, monumental and artistic nuclei: based on traces of history. Religious nuclei: places of great tradition of faith or pilgrimage. Cultural centres: based on exhibition tourism, congresses, language courses, etc. Industrial or business centres: based on trade fair organisations. Fun centres: zoos, water parks, casinos, etc.

Tourist Center Country Continent

Colosseum Romano Italy Europe

Wall China Asia

Tower Of Pisa Italy Europe

Eiffel Tower France Europe

River Of Lena Russia Europe

Grand Canyon United States America

Neuschwanstein Castle Germany Europe

g2. Se han descrito las peculiaridades de un núcleo turístico elegido por el grupo de trabajo en Andalucía.

SEVILLA

The Guadalquivir. â&#x20AC;&#x2039;It is one of the few navigable rivers in Spain. But there is no longer its importance. During the 16th and 17th centuries the port of Seville was one of the most important in the world. Along the Guadalquivir came ships of great tonnage loaded with gold, silver, emeralds, etc., of America. In addition, many European traders traded with the city to buy products from the New World. The history of the river is closely related to the city.

Capital of the Almohad Empire. The Great Almohad Empire made Seville its capital in the twelfth century, a title that had under its power for almost half a century great extensions that included large extensions of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. Its strategic location allowed both the peninsula and North Africa to be controlled with relative ease. Moreover, the fact that the Guadalquivir was a navigable river made the news come quickly.

Muslim remains. â&#x20AC;&#x2039;Giralda, Torre del Oro, AlcĂĄzar or the city walls are just some of the elements that Seville still conserves from its past, when it was under Muslim control. Although it is incorporated into the crown of Castile in the 13th century still the legacy continued: in Seville the custom of Mudejar architecture was maintained (highlighting the beautiful ceilings of wooden knots) or a tradition that is preserved today such as the elaboration of beautiful ceramics with geometric designs. This makes the city a unique place with a unique culture that is the result of crossbreeding.

Jewish remains. When Seville was conquered by Ferdinand III of Castile the Jews began to go to live in the city. Tensions between them and Christians forced Jews to live in a neighborhood known as "Jewish quarters". There is little left of his legacy. Simply (and curiously) we see how most of the synagogues in the neighborhood are now occupied by Christian religious buildings, such as churches (Santa María la Blanca and San Bartolomé), as well as convents (Dominican nuns). One of the buildings that conserves Jewish elements is (curiously) the House of memory of Al-Andalus.

Great Cathedral of Seville. And so big it is. Still today it is still the largest Christian Gothic cathedral in the world. This ambitious project was realized thanks to the wealth that there was in the city thanks to the commercial contact with America. It was built on top of a large mosque that was destroyed (unlike what happened with Córdoba), ordered to be erected by the Almohads in the 12th century. From this past we can highlight the patio of the orange trees and the beautiful Giralda, a minaret turned into tower of the cathedral. Like most cathedrals, other styles (Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical and NeoGothic) also adhere to the Gothic construction.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: 7 curiosidades sevilla Núcleo Turístico Diferentes Núcleos Turísticos.

h) Se ha valorado la importancia del turismo en la economĂa del nĂşcleo turĂstico.

Tourism is a really important factor for the socioeconomic and cultural development of a country, given the diversity of favourable activities that bring economic prosperity, becoming a currency generating instrument, being part of an activity that channels an investment to produce a general economic expansion. It also promotes a diversified job market with relatively low investment compared to other sectors of the economy, producing a favourable balance of payments and above all developing local economic activities. The tourism industry is and has been vital to the development of the Spanish economy. Its contribution is so important that it currently represents 11% of our Gross Domestic Product, generates 2,3 million jobs and contributes to balancing our balance of payments. It is directly related to the development of other activities such as hospitality, catering and transport, among other economic sectors. Tourism moved around 120 billion euros, of which 77 thousand were for direct spending by foreign visitors. The six most visited Autonomous Communities are Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Andalusia and the Community of Madrid. Comparing the data of visitors of the year 2.000 with what currently happens, one fact draws attention. The growth in the number of visitors coincides with the growth of airport entrances. The investments made by the Administration in airports, their modernization and maintenance have been one

of the causes of the growth of tourism, undoubtedly linked to the emergence of low cost areas lines, that have made the transfers cheaper without loss in the quality of the flight.

h1. Se ha valorado la importancia del turismo en la economía del núcleo turístico elegido en g.2.

Tourism already generates 17% of Seville’s wealth, five points more than in Spain Spain is one of the most important countries for the international tourism sector: second tourist destination in Europe (and third in the world), in 2017 it surpassed 80 million international visitors. Andalusia has been one of the main attraction poles, with almost 30 million tourists last year. Who are the tourists who visit Seville the most? According to the data of the Hotel Occupancy Survey, the foreign tourist who goes to Seville to know its charms is French, with 13.35% of the total travellers. In second place are the Americans with just over 10%. UK and Italy make up the other majority origins of the non resident visitor in Seville, both above 9% of the total.

The 'Game of Thrones' efect Americans, for example, are an example of this quality tourist. They stay for an average of three or four days, choosing hotels of at least four stars. This product also has its translation in the consumption of leisure and restaurants, choosing mainly the most famous restaurants and gastronomic proposals. Since the start of the shooting and issue of the Game of Thrones season that has been recorded in Sevilleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capital and other nearby corners, the interest of the American and European tourist has multiplied. The effect known as Game of Thrones has created a continuous influx not only to the environmental spaces of the capital but to other places portrayed in the fiction of the environment like Osuna or the Romanesque ruins of ItĂĄlica in the town of Santiponce.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Noticia en el País Economía y turismo estadísticas Publicación Diario de Sevilla