EARLY PRENATAL CARE

Description Of Indicator

This indicator tracks the number and percent of infants born to women whose prenatal care began during the first trimester (the first three months) of pregnancy.

Why is this important?

Getting regular prenatal care as soon as a woman knows she is pregnant improves the potential for a healthy pregnancy resulting in a full-term baby. Ideally, this care should begin with a preconception care visit to a health care provider. Prenatal care provides screening and management of a woman’s risk factors and health conditions to reduce pregnancy complications, as well as education and counseling on healthy behaviors during and after pregnancy.1 While the value of initiating prenatal care during early pregnancy is not disputed, evidence equating late presentation to prenatal care with adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited. Additionally, certain genetic, behavioral, social, environmental, and other factors can also adversely affect the ability to have a healthy, full-term baby. Still, late presentation to prenatal care has been associated with risk of maternal death in all women (especially in minorities), increased rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and congenital malformations.2

Findings

• Orange County’s 2016 rate of women receiving early prenatal care was 84.4% – greater than the United States (77.1%).3

• In Orange County, the percent of women receiving early prenatal care decreased 4.1% since 2007, dropping from 88.0% in 2007 to 84.4% in 2016.4 However, this decrease is correlated with an increase in self-pay deliveries that began in 2014 5

– Self-pay deliveries are those paid through cash payment rather than health insurance and are often associated with foreign visitors that travel to the U.S. to give birth. These women generally arrive in the U.S. late in their pregnancy and leave shortly after giving birth; therefore, these births typically have no recorded prenatal care. In 2016, there were 3,602 self-pay deliveries in Orange County, an increase from 859 in 2007. Nearly 85% of self-pay deliveries in 2016 were among Asian women.

– When self-pay deliveries are excluded, the percent of women who received early prenatal care in Orange County in 2016 is 87.6%. While this still results in a lower rate than 2007 (88.1%), it reflects a more stable pattern.

• With self-pay deliveries excluded, 91.5% of White women received early prenatal care followed by Asian (89.5%), Hispanic (84.8%) and Black (80.4%) women. The most significant decreases in early prenatal rates are among women of “other” races (9.4%) and Black women (5.5%) since 2007.

Percent of Women who Received Early Prenatal Care

in the First Trimester, Orange County and California, 2007 to 2016

• Orange County

• Orange County, Excluding Self-Pay

• California

Note: California implemented a change in methodology for the collection of prenatal care information beginning in 2007, which likely resulted in reduced reports of early prenatal care after 2006.

*Other includes Pacific Islander, Multiracial, Other and Unknown.

Note: If comparing to state and national data, beginning in 2006, individuals whose race/ ethnicity is not stated or is unknown have been grouped with Non-Hispanic Whites for CA and USA statistics. As a result, Hispanic rates are potentially underestimated. Source: Orange County Health Care Agency, Family Health Division

Percent

of Women who Received Early Prenatal Care, Excluding Self-Pay Deliveries in Orange County, by City of Residence, 2016