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Vol. 60, No. 2 – July 2017
Special Feature
AEG2017
AEG 60th Annual Meeting Sept12–17, 2017 Colorado Springs,CO
Registration NOW Open!
Antlers Hotel Group Rate Only $175/Night The Antlers Hotel Colorado Springs is located in the heart of downtown with spectacular views of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains and within walking distance to numerous restaurants, shops, museums, and downtown nightlife.
In Partnership with the 53rd Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals (FGIM)
Short Courses
• Debris Flow • Professional Ethics for Geoscientists and Engineers, “Things are Changing” • Characterization of Rock Core and Borehole Conditions for Engineering & Environmental Projects • GeoDRONEology
Field Trips
• Industrial Minerals Mining & Geology in the Royal Gorge Region (2-day Trip) • Fire and Flood Impacts & Mitigation • Garden of the Gods Geology • Cripple Creek/Victor Gold Mine
Guest Tours • • • •
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center Garden of Gods Tour and Lunch Manitou & Pike's Peak Railway Cave of the Winds
SPECIAL EVENT Dinner and Tour of Phantom Canyon Brewing Company Located in the heart of downtown in the historic Cheyenne Building, the 3-story brick structure was built in 1901 and housed the Chicago Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. In 1909, the building re-opened as the Cheyenne Hotel. Over the years, the building changed hands a number of times for a variety of businesses. Saved from the wrecking ball in 1993, the historic site was purchased by Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper who restored the property and opened Phantom Canyon Brewing Co. to great success. In 1995 the second floor opened as a Billiard Hall, which has been voted the Best Place to Shoot Pool every year since. In 2001 they completed the third floor Banquet Hall.
MORE DETAILS IN THE
Special Section ON PAGES 10–24
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Vol. 60, No. 2 – July 2017
AEG News (ISSN 0899-5788; USPS 954-380) is published five times a year by the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists (AEG), with the regular issues Nos. 1–3, published in April, July, and December, respectively. The Annual Report and Directory issue is published in March. The Annual Meeting Program with Abstracts is published in September. Print copies are distributed at the meeting. Association members receive the electronic copy of all five issues of the AEG News as part of their dues. Print subscriptions for Association members, which includes all five issues of the AEG News, is $30 in addition to annual membership dues. Nonmember annual subscription is $40, and includes only the three regular issues (#1–3) of the News. The Annual Report and Directory issue is priced separately. Back issues of AEG News are $10 each. Inquiries should be sent to AEG Headquarters: Yolanda Natividad, Association Manager, 1100 Brandywine Blvd. Suite H, Zanesville, Ohio 43701 844-331-7867. Periodical Postage paid at Zanesville, OH, and additional mailing offices: POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AEG News, 1100 Brandywine Blvd. Suite H Zanesville, Ohio 43701, USA. AEG News is printed by Allen Press, Lawrence, KS, 66044, USA.
Table of Contents News of the Association 4 The President’s Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Treasurer’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Headquarter’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 AEG Foundation News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Committee Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Remembering David Burton Slemmons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Remembering Gary VanHouten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Outreach to Students Starts Early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Special Section–AEG2017 Colorado Springs, CO
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Professional Contributions 25 Examination of Surface Water Physical Chemistry around an Industrial Complex – Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
© 2017 Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists—All Rights Reserved
Issues in Professional Licensure for Geologists
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Views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those officially representing the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists except where expressly stated.
The HomeFront
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Index to Advertisers
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AEG News Co-Editors Anna Saindon Chrissey Villeneuve Geotechnology, Inc. chrissey.aeg@gmail.com 11816 Lackland Road, Suite 150 Ashley Wachhaus St. Louis, MO 63146 ashley.aegnews@gmail.com 314-581-6286 General Submissions: news@aegweb.org news@aegweb.org
Managing Editor/Production Andrea Leigh Ptak Communicating Words & Images 6542 52nd Ave. So. Seattle, WA 98118 206-300-2067 www.andrealeighptak.com andrealeighptak@me.com
Submission Information
On the Cover There’s little that can beat the views surrounding Colorado Springs, Colorado— the setting for AEG’s 60th Anniversary Annual Meeting. Learn about the Field Trips, Guest Tours, Symposiums, Technical Sessions, and Networking Events planned for this very special six-day event in this issue’s Special Section beginning on page 10. PHOTO COURTESY COLORADO SPRINGS VISITORS BUREAU—VISITCOS.COM.
In order of preference: 1. Send files via email, preferably as attachments, to both email addresses above. Optimum file format is MSWord 2011. Users of other software programs should convert their file to ASCII or text only. 2. Images should be sent as high-resolution jpeg or tiff files. Questions? Contact Andrea Ptak at 206-725-9169/andrealeighptak@me.com. 3. The policy of AEG News editorial staff is to limit the credentials of an individual to two. For example, if John Smith has a MS, a PhD and a PG plus a CEG and a CGWP, his credentials would be limited to John Smith PhD, PG, the two principal credentials. BS/BA and MS degrees will not be recognized. No effort will be made by the AEG News editorial staff to determine if individuals whose credentials are missing from the submitted copy actually have academic or professional credentials, nor will the staff verify the existence or correctness of the credentials submitted. For detailed guidelines visit: www.aegweb.org/SubmitToAEGNEWS
The association 2016–17 Officers President: DALE C. ANDREWS Carmeuse Lime & Stone, 412-777-0728, dale.andrews@carmeusena.com Vice President/President Elect: KATHY G. TROOST University of Washington, 206-909-9757, ktroostaeg@gmail.com Treasurer: KEVIN S. RICHARDS U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 303-241-8380, kevin.richards@comcast.net Secretary: CYNTHIA PALOMARES Texas Engineering Extension Service, Texas A&M University, cynthiapalomarescon@gmail.com Past President: PAUL M. SANTI Colorado School of Mines, 303-273-3108, psanti629@gmail.com
Association Contacts
Advertising in the News
Headquarters—Association Manager: YOLANDA NATIVIDAD 1100 Brandywine Blvd. Suite H Zanesville, Ohio 43701 Phone: 844-331-7867, Fax: 740-452-2552 contact@aegweb.org
Contact AEG Headquarters at advertising@aegweb.org.
Next Submission Deadline October 31, 2017, for the December Issue
AEG Foundation—President: BRIGET DOYLE, bdoyle@uscupstate.edu
Canada Agreement number: PM40063731; Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to: Station A, PO Box 54; Windsor, ON N9A 6J5; Email: returnsil@imex.pb.com
Communications Co-Directors: MATT BRUNENGO, 503-534-0414, mbrunengo@aol.com, and RYAN MARSTERS, marsters.ryan@gmail.com
July 2017
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
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NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
AEG – Committed to Our Future
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Dale C. Andrews, AEG 2016–17 President
EG is dedicated to professional development and public safety by providing a forum for disseminating knowledge and educating present and future leaders. To accomplish this, AEG must itself be a leader in shaping the future of our profession and the ways in which it can make the most powerful and positive impact on our world. What commitments must we make now to meet this future and uphold these values in the years ahead?
Protecting Public Health, Safety, and Welfare Our association must be informed and equipped to respond to attacks that impact our mission to protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare. It is our strong network of professionals and dedicated legislative funding that allows AEG to rally members for a fast, focused response to legislation that impedes our mission. In the past few years, we have seen our membership’s power firsthand in its contributions to help fight against the recent attacks on professional licensure. The immediate and impressive efforts of our members who battled against the proposed legislation to eliminate licensure in, for example, Illinois and Arizona was inspiring. This only confirms the importance of having a centralized body, such as AEG, to help facilitate these efforts.
dedication to providing focused, cutting-edge, professional forums for our members to share and increase their knowledge has never been stronger. Our desire to work even more closely with our members, employers, and educators to provide the most meaningful opportunities for professional growth is paramount among our core objectives.
Collaboration AEG and its members can only do so much on their own. That is why we need to do as much as we can to maintain and grow strong relationships with affiliated societies so that when our goals align we are prepared to work together. It seems that if ever there has been a time to reinforce the importance of scientific knowledge and evidence-based thinking to policymakers and to the world, it is now. AEG recognizes that importance of collaborating with other science-focused societies today to ensure a lifelong advocacy for science tomorrow. It is only together that we will continue to ensure a positive, enduring future of our profession and to those we protect through the work we perform.
Growth Our membership continues to be strong! At approximately 3,000 members, we have proven to be more capable than associations much larger than we are. However, with more members, we could do more. We could be more successful in ensuring that our profession will continue to be able to hold true to its virtuous mission. Of all the great work geologists perform, it could be said that it is the work performed by environmental and engineering geologists that most closely contributes to the public’s health, safety, and welfare. As such, we must do more, and to do more we need to grow. We need to be better at marketing our expertise, our contributions, and the importance of unity provided by professional organizations. To join the AEG community as a member, it only takes a commitment of about 50 cents a day. We have an obligation to inform non-members and young professionals of the importance of a community of like-minded professionals that share common aspirations and desires and are looking out for their best interests.
Dale Andrews (right) had the privileged of seeing his AEG presidency ushered in on the Big Island of Hawai’i, succeeding Paul Santi (left).
Education Challenges to our profession continue to become more pressing and more complex. Associations are unique in their commitment to the long-term—uniting the wisdom of the past with the urgency of the present and the promise of the future. AEG is committed to mobilizing our member’s intellectual, human, and financial resources to fully realize that promise. Our 4
AEG News Disclaimer Authors alone are responsible for views expressed in signed articles. Advertisers and their agencies are solely responsible for the content of all advertisements printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom against the publisher. AEG and AEG News reserve the right to reject any advertising copy.
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – TREASURER’S REPORT
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Gaining on Our Goals in 2017 Kevin Richards, AEG 2016–17 Treasurer
he final numbers for FY2016 are in and, as projected, we ended the year with a $27,000 surplus from the Annual Meeting in Kona. We also ended FY2016 with a surplus in Operations, largely due to disciplined efforts to keep our operations costs low at all levels, as well as positive membership renewals and savings in contracted costs. For FY2017, we ended the first third of the year with lower than anticipated total revenue from membership/sustaining member income ($187,111 versus $206,890 revenue during the same period last year). What stood out was the lower than expected renewal of full members this year compared to last year. We suspect this may be due to a reduction of membership drives that had been organized at the Chapter level. We are taking steps to drive up our renewals as a result and hopefully by the time you are reading this report we will have made up much of this deficit through late renewals. A bright note this year is that the new category of Sustaining Members contributed $3,380 to AEG’s mission. At the time I’m writing this, it is too early to comment on the North American Symposium on Landslides (NASL) finances, but the most recent registration numbers are encouraging. Registrations for AEG’s 60th Anniversary Annual Meeting is ongoing and I encourage you to consider attending
if you are able. It will be in beautiful Colorado Springs and there are many interesting technical topics and field trips planned for this meeting. As of April 30, the Treasurer’s Reserve (TR) balance was $315,521, the Operations Account balance $375,682, and our Legislative Fund is at $77,043. We hope to transfer $10,000 from Operations to the TR this year, pending the outcome of the NASL and final member renewals for the year. Our administrative expenses appear to be tracking closely to last year and our vendors appear to be doing a good job of keeping administrative costs down. I’m happy to report AEG’s overall financial situation looks strong coming into May of this year, with significant improvements in retained earnings. AEG is nearing its goal of maintaining one year of operating expenses in the TR, which, when reached, will free up future surplus for AEG to expand services for the engineering and environmental geology professionals and improve our outreach efforts to the public, teachers, and academic communities. Thank you again for being a member of AEG; we sincerely appreciate your continued loyalty. We have common goals and when we are joined together in our efforts at the local and national levels, we can truly accomplish anything!
HEADQUARTER’S REPORT
AEG Provides Quality Meetings for Its Members and Beyond
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Yolanda Natividad, AEG Association Manager
EG has kicked off what will be a busy year with the 3rd North American Symposium on Landslides that was held from June 4–8 in Roanoke, Virginia. Next up will be the 60th AEG Annual Meeting to be held from September 10–16, 2017, in Colorado Springs. Be sure to check out the Special Section on the meeting that begins on page 10 of this issue. The planned symposia and technical sessions include: induced seismicity, slope stability and debris flows, rock mechanics, drone technology, industrial minerals and mining, geophysics, groundwater, flood hazards, and more. Register at www.aeg annualmeeting.org today, to sign up for your preference of Short Courses and Field Trips before they fill up! The 2018 Annual Meeting Committee is already prepping for next year’s IAEG/AEG 2018 Congress to be held in San July 2017
Francisco. The deadline for abstract submissions was extended to July 15th, due to the higherthan-usual expected submissions for this joint meeting. Each paper will go through two rounds of peer-review and will be published in full in the Congress proceedings. If you did not submit a paper for consideration, but would like the opportunity to present at the Congress, you still have time to prepare an abstract for an oral presentation or poster. The call for abstracts for those will be open January 15–April 1, 2018. See the IAEG/AEG 2018 Congress website for more details and to submit your abstracts: www.aegweb.org/SanFrancisco2018. We look forward to seeing you at the upcoming AEG Annual Meeting in Colorado Springs!
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
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HEADER NEWS OFHERE THE ASSOCIATION – FOUNDATION NEWS
AEG Foundation’s First-Ever Golf Tournament Fundraiser! Jane Gill-Shaler, Director, AEG Foundation
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www.aegfoundation.org
e will be hosting our very first Golf Tournament Fundraiser, to take place on September 11, 2017— just the day before the AEG 2017 Annual Meeting in Colorado Springs. The planned site is the Kings Deer Golf Club, in Monument, CO, and our Tournament Chair, AEGF Director Bill Flanigan, is looking forward to spending time with you! The golf course at King’s Deer is a regulation 18-hole championship course, designed and built by Redstone Golf Group and opened in 1999. The course has great views of Pikes Peak and the Front Range, and has four tees, designed to test the abilities of all skill levels. So, join us for our very first Golf Tournament Fundraiser for the AEG Foundation! There will be opportunities for Sponsors, Participants, and Teams and there will be surprises for those chapters that provide the most entrants and for the chapter whose entrants win the event. All the money raised from this year’s Golf Tournament Fundraiser will go towards the Greatest Needs Fund; this Fund provides support to underfunded programs and funds within the AEG Foundation family of funds. You can read all about it on the AEG Foundation webpage, www.aegfoundation.org/golf. If you are not able to attend the AEG 2017 Annual Meeting or the AEGF Golf Fundraiser, please consider donating $50 or $1,000 or more to the AEG Foundation. You may donate online at www.aegfoundation.org/donate/, or you may send a check, written out to the AEG Foundation, to: AEG Foundation, 4123 Broadway, #817, Oakland, CA, 94611. The AEG Foundation is a 501 (c)3 non-profit. Please call or email me at the numbers below if you have any questions. We look forward to seeing you in Colorado Springs! Thank You!
Silent Auction Fundraiser We also raise money for scholarships by holding a Silent Auction at the AEG Annual Meeting. We collect donations of rocks, mineral specimens, new or gently used field gear, clothing, collectibles, hats, or whatever your inner geek/ geologist would like to share with like-minded attendees of our Annual Meeting. This year, so far, we have received many interesting maps, papers, and historical geology books (some dating to 1913!), and a whole box full of geological specimens. All proceeds from this year’s fundraising benefit the AEG Foundation’s K–12 Education Fund. So, look through your collections, your closets, and your camping equipment, and save them for the silent auction! Please contact me via email (janehgillshaler@gmail.com) or phone (336-687-6144) to arrange pickup or shipping. Thank You!
ABOVE, l to r: Jane Gill-Shaler pulls a “winner” from the Foundation Raffle bowl, held by Foundation President Briget Doyle. PHOTO BY CHRIS MATHEWSON
LEFT: Kings Deer Golf Club—the site of the first AEG Foundation Gold Tournament Fundraiser
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AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – COMMITTEE REPORTS
Keep AEG’s Committees Strong! Operational Committee Volunteers Needed!
Focus Group 2: Young Professional Engagement
The Strategic Initiative Committee (SIC) and Executive Council (EC) would like to thank each operational committee member and most especially the chairs for your passion and commitment to AEG! Over the past six months, the operational committees have all done a great job with accomplishing recurring goals, as well as welcoming the shift in the SIC’s role with respect to coordination and support of committees. Since last year, several committees have gained new chairs, including the Student & Young Professional Support Committee (SYPSC), and the recently re-activated K–12 Committee! However, we are still in need of volunteers to step into these leadership roles and can always use new volunteers. Committees with an immediate need of new co-chairs are Advocacy, Communications, K–12, and Chapter Support! If interested in volunteering, please contact Nate Saraceno (330-475-3287, nsaracen@kent.edu) or Curt Schmidt (862-702-2927, csschmidt@h2m.com).
Goals are to increase student and young professional member benefits and engagement by making AEG more relevant; thus, invigorating our older members, improving member class balance, and increasing membership.
Strategic Initiative Committee
Increasing our Presence in the Geosciences Community
Focus Group 3: Disaster Plan Goals are to increase advocacy, visibility, and provide quick response to geologic disasters that threaten public health and safety, and the environment.
Focus Group 4: New Chapters Goals are to create new AEG Chapter and Student Chapter formation within each region to grow and improve AEG.
Focus Group 5: Professional Development Goals are to provide more member benefits. These focus groups will help AEG increase our impact on the Geosciences community and also provide improved member benefits! If you are interested in getting involved, please contact Nate Saraceno (330-475-328, nsaracen@kent.edu) or Curt Schmidt (862-702-2927, csschmidt@h2m.com).
Cynthia Palomares The role of the Strategic Initiative Committee (SIC) has evolved since this time last year. Previously, the SIC simply participated in operational committee calls where the SIC was generally passive or reactive in response to committee initiatives. Updates on committee activities were communicated to the Board of Directors (BOD) during the mid-year and annual BOD meetings. Now, under the direction of co-chairs Nate Saraceno and Curt Schmidt, the role of the SIC has expanded to accomplish several goals, including: 1) coordination with AEG leadership (EC and BOD) to develop and disseminate association goals and action items; 2) pair these goals/action items with a “champion” committee, working group, or individual volunteer; and 3) facilitate collaboration between committees, working groups, and other volunteers in achieving goals. As part of this process, the following five focus groups were created during the annual Board of Directors meeting in September 2016.
Focus Group 1: Increase our Environmental Presence Goals are to provide more member benefits for our environmental practitioners; thus, increasing and energizing AEG membership.
Planning a Conference? AEG’s MEETINGS ADVISORY COMMITTEE (MAC) has put together a list of useful tips to help your Chapter/Region host a conference. These tips will guide your path to success. Conferences, symposiums and short courses are essential to help your chapter financially as well as advocate for the geologic sciences and promote membership. These tips cover everything from the size of your planning committee to scheduling and locating and working with the venue. Go to the MAC page on aegweb.org and download your copy of the “Conference Tips” today.
Committee Involvement Starts with You! For a full list of AEG Committees and their contact persons, go to www.aegweb.org/OperationalCommittees. July 2017
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HEADER NEWS OFHERE THE ASSOCIATION
Remembering David Burton Slemmons Peg O’Malley, Graphix AEG Honorary Member David Burton “Burt” Slemmons, 94, died on May 4, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV. Burt was so much more than a brilliant scholar to everyone who knew him. He was also considered family to so many of the students whose paths crossed his over the many years he taught. Full of enthusiasm and curiosity, Burt’s love of science was joyful and infectious. He never stopped learning, asking questions and wanting to discuss the latest things he’d read and was excited about. As a professor and mentor, Burt’s accessibility was remarkable. He was generous with his time and knowledge, involving students in his research and allowing them a unique opportunity to learn through hands-on field experience as part of his professional work in neotectonics and seismic risk evaluation. He helped many of us afford our college education while gaining invaluable expertise. Many former students credit their time with Burt as providing the path to the lives they enjoy today. One of Burt’s colleagues, Bud Burke, a professor at Humboldt State University, recently wrote to him: Hanging in the main Humboldt Geology office is a large format photograph of the fault scarp on Fairview Peak. With every new student, I show them that photograph and talk about how the Dixie Valley earthquake swarm caused a young metamorphic petrologist named Burt Slemmons to change not only his career, but the way the world would look at seismic hazards. I further relate the stories about how Burt and Ruth Slemmons helped Gary Carver and Bud Burke deal with the press at a national meeting. You and Ruth also graciously met me and a class in Owens Valley where you walked out part of the Lone Pine fault with us. I see some of those former students on field trips where they are often telling others about their time with you in Owens Valley—what a great contribution those few days were! And Burt was a brilliant scholar, brilliant but also kind, generous, principled and loyal. He was rewarded with a wonderful life, full of friends who loved him and an amazing family who adored him. He will always be in our thoughts and never forgotten for the shining example of what humanity can be if one is true to oneself that he has left for us all. We were so very lucky to have known him. Burt was born December 31, 1922, in Alameda, CA, to Gladys Dorothy (Hinton) Slemmons and Claude Hayes 8
Slemmons. He grew up in Oakland and graduated from Fremont High School. During World War II he served in the Army, including ten months in the Corps of Engineers in Japan and Korea during the occupation. He met the love of his life, Ruth Marillyn Evans, at a USO dance and they married in 1946. Ruth worked to support him while he completed his BS in economic geology in 1947. He received a PhD in geology in 1953 from the University of California Berkeley. They moved to Reno, NV, where he taught at the University of Nevada, Reno from 1951 to 1989. During that time, he supervised over 50 masters and doctoral students, and conducted research in earthquake geology and engineering, authoring or co-authoring over 200 professional papers. He was always dedicated to furthering his students’ education and experience, securing grants and hiring them as assistants. He also worked as a consultant to determine earthquake hazards for the Alyeska pipeline, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the International Atomic Energy Commission, and for projects all over the world. He established the Nevada State Seismological Research Laboratory and the Center for Neotectonic Studies at UNR. After his retirement he and Ruth moved to Las Vegas. They continued to travel all over the world. He enjoyed fishing, swimming, gardening, investing, and photography, and had a lifelong love of geology and seismology. He was known for his enthusiasm, friendliness, generosity, humor, appetite, love of storytelling, and sense of adventure.
Biographies, Memorials, and Citations Committee FYI…This little-known AEG committee has put together the LEGENDARY PEOPLE PAGE: www.aegweb.org/?page=LegendaryPeople. They are continually adding information, but if you would like to submit a biography, please contact AEG at contact@aegweb.org.
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
NEWS OF THE HEADER ASSOCIATION HERE
Remembering Gary VanHouten Stephen Hay, AEG Oregon Chapter Chair Oregon Chapter AEG Life Member Gary Erwin VanHouten passed away on Friday, March 31, 2017, at the age of 71. Gary joined AEG in 1975 and his career in geology spanned 44 years. He was licensed as a certified engineering geologist in California and Oregon, and performed geologic investigations for projects throughout the United States, Africa, Canada, the Pacific Basin, and the Near East. Gary began his career at a private consulting firm based in California and, in 1980, established VanHouten Consultants, Inc. in the San Francisco Bay Area. He joined the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) in 2000 as the Region 5 Senior Engineering Geologist. In this position, Gary was responsible for the eastern third of the state (sometimes referred to by ODOT employees as the “Eastern Oregon Department of Transportation”). In addition to providing engineering geology recommendations for projects and emergency repairs, he was also responsible for managing nearly 300 material sources (quarries) used to resurface state and federal highways in the Region. He authored several geological papers for technical publications and conferences and was a member of multiple professional organizations. I had the privilege to work with Gary for the past 18 years and will miss his sense of humor, positive personality, and the contagious enthusiasm he had for his profession. Gary provided me with many opportunities to work on projects in his region and always took the time to explain the project elements before sending me out into the wilds of Eastern Oregon. Gary always wore a smile and loved his work and the people around him. He will be truly missed!
Outreach to Students Starts Early On May 22, 2017, AEG Texas Chapter member Eric Walston, of Martin Marietta, presented basic geology principles and explained what applied geologists do to the second-grade class of Lake Highland Elementary School, in Dallas, TX. Eric covered topics like where your water come from, where your trash goes, and the different minerals and rocks we use for our way of life. The 20 students enjoyed Eric’s interactive presentation especially his mineral and rock collection. Eric was excited and grateful for the opportunity to talk about earth processes, rocks and minerals, and geology career opportunities, and the importance of professional organizations like AEG to this young but enthusiastic audience. July 2017
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
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HEADER HERE
n o i t c e S l Specia PREVIEW
AEG 2017 • 60th Annual Meeting Colorado Springs, CO • Sept. 12–17
PHOTOS COURTESY VISITCOS.COM
AEG cordially invites you to the Peak of the Practice!
GEOLOGY OF COLORADO SPRINGS Thomas A. Terry, PE, PG; Christopher J. Carroll, PG; Jonathan R. Lovekin, PG; Kristen A. AndrewHoeser, PG; William C. Hoffmann, Jr., PE The geology of Colorado Springs is a microcosm of the geologic complexity exhibited throughout Colorado including scenic beauty, mineral extraction history, and numerous geologic hazards. Colorado Springs is nestled in the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains at the foot of Pikes Peak. It is located on the southern edge of the Denver Basin, and along the northern edge of the Canyon City embayment at the confluence of Fountain and Manitou Creeks. Rocks and deposits ranging in age from Early Proterozoic biotite gneiss to recent alluvium are exposed within the city limits and have influenced the urban development of the city. The land within the city limits has experienced earthquakes, glaciation, catastrophic rockfall events, debris flows, and large landslides within the recent geologic past. All of these events have contributed to shaping the scenic beauty including world famous Pikes Peak and the Garden of the Gods.
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The city of Colorado Springs was founded as a farming and ranching community in 1871 just five years before Colorado formally became a state. It later was a smelting center and a jumping off spot for gold seekers in the 1890s headed to the gold mines at Cripple Creek and Victor. Coal mines were active along the north and northeast sides of the city from the late 1800s until the late 1950s. The mining heritage of the city continues to this day with mining of silica sand, aggregates and limestone. Colorado Springs has experienced numerous natural and geologic related disasters including major floods in 1921, 1935 and 1965; debris flows in 1921, the late 1950s and 1965; mine subsidence, rockfall, new and reactivated landslides in 1995, 1997, and 1999; and damage to structures and pavements from expansive soils and steeply-dipping expansive bedrock. Other local geologic hazards include collapsible soils, elevated low-energy gamma radiation, indoor radon gas, and earthquakes. The early growth of Colorado Springs and neighboring Manitou Springs was concentrated along Fountain and Manitou Creeks. The city generally grew between the bluffs to the north and east and the steep slopes of the mountains to the west. In the 1960s and 1970s the city began to grow past
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
2017 ANNUAL MEETING these natural barriers and onto the rolling hills to the north and east and onto the slopes at the foot of the mountains to the west. New problems related to geology were encountered during the city’s growth beyond the creek valleys and onto the steeper portions of the valleys. These problems were primarily related to slope instability and were ultimately addressed by the City of Colorado Springs through a geologic hazards ordinance in 1996 that now requires a geologic hazard evaluation for most construction within the city limits.
Introduction Colorado Springs is located about 62 mi (100 km) south of Denver at the southern end of the Rampart Range. The population of Colorado Springs in 2000 was approximately 361,000 residents, with about 517,000 residents in the metropolitan area. Since Colorado Springs serves as the hub of activity for the Pikes Peak area, this paper includes significant geologic considerations of the greater Colorado Springs metropolitan area, which includes suburban and exurban Manitou Springs, City of Fountain, Security, Widefield, Monument and the Falcon and Colorado Center areas. Colorado Springs is situated at the foot of Pikes Peak and Cheyenne Mountain, at the confluence of Monument and Fountain Creeks, and includes the world famous Garden of the Gods. Elevations within Colorado Springs city limits range from about 5,720–9,212 ft. (1,743–2,808 m), a difference of 3,492 ft. (1065m) (White and Wait, in press). Just a few miles west of Colorado Springs, Pikes Peak tops out at 14,110 ft. (4,300 m). The largest employers in Colorado Springs include hightech companies such-as Intel, Atmel, HP, Oracle, SCI Systems Inc., Agilent Technologies, and MCI; Memorial Hospital, Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Focus on the Family, USAA, School Districts, local governments, Colorado Springs Utilities, and the U.S. armed forces (The Colorado Springs Business Journal, 2003). The military bases in the Colorado Springs area include: Fort Carson, Cheyenne Mountain Air Station, Peterson Air Force Base, Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon Air Force Base), and the U.S. Air Force Academy. Colorado Springs is also home to the US Olympic Training Center (formerly Ent Air Force Base), the world famous Broadmoor Hotel, and Pikes Peak International Speedway.
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Local History The history of the Colorado Springs area has always been tied to its close proximity to mineral and geologic resources, and its scenic geographic location; it is actually a tale of two cities: Colorado City and Colorado Springs. Colorado City was located about 1 mi (1.6 km) west of Colorado Springs and 1.5 mi (2.2 km) east of Manitou Springs along the banks of Fountain Creek. Colorado City was founded in 1859 as a supply town on the old Colorado Trail (Ute Pass today) serving prospectors headed to the South Park gold fields (Aldridge, 1996). It was named for the red rock formations that existed north of town, “Colorado” meaning “red” in Spanish. These rock formations were previously used as camps for Indians and prospectors. While surveying the areas around Colorado City, two of the town builders, M.S. Beach and Rufus Cable came across the rock formations. Beach had mentioned it was a good place for a Beer Garden. Cable exclaimed, “Beer Garden! Why it is a fit place for the gods to assemble! We will call it Garden of the Gods!” (Sprague, 1987). It was used as a park area near Old Colorado City, and even though it changed hands until it was bought by Charles Perkins and given to the city as a park, it was always a place where the public came to picnic, hike and enjoy the natural splendor. Colorado City initially prospered as a supply town, being second in size only to Denver in the Colorado Territory. It was first considered as the site for the state capital (Aldridge, 1996; Hall, 1889). In 1876, when Colorado became a state however, Denver was chosen as the new capital. A better road was built from Denver to the gold fields in South Park, and travel through Colorado City and over Ute Pass slowed. Due to lack of trade and traffic, Colorado City residents turned to agriculture and ranching to make ends meet. General William Jackson Palmer founded Colorado Springs in 1871 (Ormes and Ormes, 1933; Sprague, 1987). He had intended to build a resort town where the wealthy could come and enjoy the healthful climate, natural scenery of Pikes Peak, Garden of the Gods, and the Soda Springs at the base of Ute
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2017 ANNUAL MEETING Pass. Palmer bought the town site at the confluence of Fountain and Monument Creeks and also the Soda Springs in Manitou Springs at the base of Ute Pass. He brought the railroad from Denver along the Denver and Rio Grande narrow gauge railroad. Spas were built in Manitou Springs and Hotels and Sanitariums were built in Colorado Springs. Colorado Springs became a resort town for the wealthy, tourists and health seekers searching for a cure for tuberculosis. The natural scenery of the area, clear air, and climate attracted many. In fact, the lyrics to “America the Beautiful” were penned by Katherine Lee Bates as she stood on the top of Pikes Peak in 1893 and looked out across the plains below (Sprague, 1987). Colorado Springs was called “Little London” because it had an aristocratic air with its English influence and ban on alcohol (Aldridge, 1996). Meanwhile, Colorado City benefited from Colorado Springs’ prosperity. Numerous resources were found around Colorado City including clay for making bricks, gypsum, sand and gravel aggregate, silica sand for glass making, and limestone and sandstone for building materials (Aldridge, 1996; Sprague, 1987). After gold was discovered in Cripple Creek in 1890, Colorado City once again assumed its role as supplier to the gold industry. Railroads were run from Cripple Creek to Colorado City to ease transport of ore for processing where water and other resources were more plentiful. The Short Line ran along what is now Gold Camp Road and the Colorado Midland Railroad ran up Ute Pass. Reduction mills included processes involving bromide or chlorination in the beginning, but when the Golden Cycle Mill was rebuilt in 1908 after a fire, it used the newest and most efficient cyanide processes for ore reduction and soon drove the other mills out of business (Sprague, 1987). Coal was discovered in the northern portion of the Colorado Springs area and was mined from the Laramie Formation between 1883 and 1965 (City of Colorado Springs Planning Department, 1967). The coal was used for domestic purposes, railroads, and reduction mills in Colorado City and Cripple Creek (Sprague, 1987). Gold production in Cripple Creek fell after 1905 and the railroads that ran to Cripple Creek were eventually abandoned. While Colorado Springs was primarily a resort town, Colorado City maintained its identity as an industrial area (Aldridge, 1996). It became known as “Old Town” or the “Westside of Little London.” Since liquor was banned in Colorado Springs, Colorado City supplied the need with its saloons and red light district, and was also called “Sin City.” After a time the two towns grew together and in 1917, Colorado City was annexed into Colorado Springs. Another influence in Colorado Springs history was the decision to put a military base near the foot of Cheyenne Mountain. In 1942, Camp Carson (Fort Carson today) became the post for the 89th Division and training of soldiers (Sprague, 1987). This brought more explosive growth and more military bases such as Peterson Field in 1948, Ent Air Force Base (now the Olympic Training Center), The U.S. Air Force Academy in 1954 and the North American Air Defense Command and Combat Operation Center (NORAD) in the 1950s. 12
While the gold and coal industries no longer operate in Colorado Springs, the military influence, tourism, and recently religious headquarters and the computer industry continue to provide an economic base for increasing growth and development. As the city has grown, it has expanded over the bluffs that once contained it, out over the plains to the east and up the foothills to the west. This development pressure has created problems related to geology as growth pushed into areas with more severe geologic hazards.
Geologic Setting The mountainous peaks and rolling plains topography of Colorado Springs is the result of several episodes of uplift and erosion over geologic time. Colorado Springs sits on the edge between the Denver Basin and the Front Range. The Denver Basin is a sedimentary structural basin of Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata formed by Laramide tectonics in the early Cenozoic. It is partly concealed by middle to late Cenozoic sediments. The Front Range is considered the largest uplift in the southern Rocky Mountain Province, the core of a large late Cretaceous-early Tertiary anticline that was tilted at least twice in the middle and late Cenozoic as part of regional deformation (Steven and others, 1997). Significant uplifting and fault movements also occurred in the middle and latest Miocene, Pliocene, and as late as the Quaternary. While surface relief from Pikes Peak to Colorado Springs is over 8,000 ft. (2,440 m), the maximum basement relief from Pikes Peak to Precambrian rocks below the Denver Basin is over 21,000 ft. (6,400 m). For detailed information on the geology of Colorado Springs, see the technical paper by the authors at www.aegannualmeeting.org/colorado-geology.
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2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Your Stay in Colorado Springs Meeting venue & Hotel The Antlers, A Wyndham Hotel Colorado Springs http://antlers.com
Group Rate: $175/night
The Antlers is located in the heart of downtown Colorado Springs with spectacular views of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains. The hotel is within walking distance to numerous restaurants, shops, museums, and downtown nightlife. Bask in breathtaking scenery, historic architecture, and luxurious amenities. The flawlessly restored historical property has been transformed into a refined gem. The spacious guest rooms are comfortable yet functional. From monumental mountain vistas to spectacular views of downtown Colorado Springs, you need only look out your guest room window or step out onto your suite’s private balcony to indulge in the natural beauty and vibrant streets surrounding the hotel. While sitting at 6,000 feet above sea level you will be able to get work done at the large desk complete with an ergonomic chair. The elegant bathroom includes granite countertops, vanity mirror and deluxe bath amenities. Other room amenities include: MP3 docking station and flat-screen television, WiFi, and hair dryer. Keep up with your fitness routine in the indoor pool or 24hr fitness center. Relax with friends and colleagues at the elegant lobby lounge adorned with crystal chandeliers, crystal wall sconces, and a stunning horseshoe-shaped granite bar with 40 beer taps including an array of sparkling Colorado micro brews. Dine at the authentic Italian restaurant, which includes two wood-fire pizza ovens. A stay at the official hotel for the Annual Meeting insures that you won’t miss out on anything the event has to offer— from outstanding technical sessions to the Annual Banquet and more…
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How To Get Here Located directly off of Interstate 25, just 20 minutes from the Colorado Springs Airport or 90 minutes by car from Denver’s International Airport. Shuttle service and ground transportation are available at both airports. The Colorado Springs
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2017 ANNUAL MEETING Airport serves five airlines with non-stop flights to many major hub cities with easy connecting flights to destinations all over the world.
Climate There are over 300 days of sunshine to be enjoyed in Colorado Springs annually. At an altitude of 6,035 feet, the climate of Colorado Springs and the Pikes Peak region is warm in the summer and moderate in the spring, fall and winter. Classified as an “alpine desert,” the dry, clean air was once a destination to heal tuberculosis patients. Today, visitors enjoy the climate because it allows for year-round outdoor recreation. Summers are dry with temperatures in the 80s to mid 90s, with cool nights in the 60s. Spring and fall temperatures range from the mid 50s to the low 70s and winters here can be white, but normally the snow that does fall melts quickly and reveals a sunny sky again. Winter temperatures range from the low 30s to upper 40s.
Cultural Facilities The region has a wide variety of museums, performance centers, art displays and galleries. Wander the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Manitou Art Center or the galleries in Old Colorado City. Enjoy nationally traveling talent at The BROADMOOR World Arena or Pikes Peak Center. View other riveting performances at The Mezzanine, Theatreworks, Colorado Springs Philharmonic and the Millibo Art Theatre.
Attractions & Activities Visitors can enjoy over 55 natural and man-made attractions including the U.S. Air Force Academy, U.S. Olympic Training Center, Royal Gorge Bridge & Park, Pikes Peak— America’s Mountain, Garden of the Gods Park, Seven Falls, Cave of the Winds and Cheyenne Mountain Zoo. The region also offers whitewater rafting on the Arkansas River, biking, hiking and horseback riding through Garden of the Gods. (from http://www.visitcos.com)
2017 Field Trips Field Trip 1 Fire, Flood, and Landslide Impacts and Mitigation Date:
Tuesday, Sept. 12
Time:
Departs at 8:00 am and returns at 5:00 pm
Location:
Departs from the Antlers Hotel Lobby
Cost:
$65 before 8/1/17, $75 after 8/1/17 (Includes a box lunch)
Leaders:
Jonathan R. Lovekin, PG, Senior Engineering Geologist, Colorado Geological Survey; and, Tim Mitros, PE, Former Engineering Program Manager with the Office of Emergency Management, Colorado Springs
Min/Max:
Minimum 20/Maximum 26
The headscarp that threatens this structure in Colorado Springs will be one of three areas visited where homes are actively being destroyed by landslides. These landslides occurred after record rains in 2015. Terrace deposits of the Verdos Alluvium can be seen exposed from the landslide that originates in the underlying Pierre Shale. The toe of this landslide continues to slowly destroy homes below. The historic Glenn Eyrie Castle and conference grounds were threatened by ongoing debris flow hazards from the massive Waldo Canyon burn scar. We will hike into the spectacular canyon past exposures of steeply dipping Paleozoic rocks to view two locations where debris flow ring nets were installed to protect the facility. Other field trip stops include the mitigation structures above Manitou Springs at Williams Canyon and the erosion control features at the Flying W Ranch burn scar.
Colorado Springs and surrounding areas were devastated by wildfire in 2012 and 2013, and by floods in 2013 and 2015. Following the historic rainfall of 2015, landslides occurred in three locations within the city destroying homes and continuing to threaten others. Our field trip will visit the three major landslide locations to view both the geology and the impacts to the houses. The field trip will also visit mitigation efforts in three canyons where devastating floods resulted from the burn scar areas. The flooding mitigation varies from construction of significant structures, such as debris-flow ring nets, and debris basins, to erosion and sediment control within drainages. The field trip will provide opportunity to view the spectacular geology across the city and includes several short walks in canyon areas currently closed to the public. 14
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July 2017
2017 ANNUAL MEETING Explore the underground world with a knowledgeable guide who will walk you through the history, discovery, and geology of Cave of the Winds Mountain Park. You will experience some of the most beautiful formations the cave has to offer. The Discovery Tour is an easy, educational, 45-minute walking tour for beginning cavers and families. The tour guide will discuss cave history and geology and answer questions as you explore twisting paths under the mountain. You’ll duck under Fat Man’s Misery, marvel at geological formations like the Giant’s Bleeding Heart and see the Temple of Silence.
Field Trip 2
Equipment Needed: Bring hiking boots for the unstable ground on the hiking trails. Be prepared for changes in weather. For the Cave of the Winds Discovery Tour bring a light jacket. The Discovery Tour is not recommended for pregnant women or persons with heart and respiratory problems.
Garden of the Gods Geology
Field Trip 3 Cripple Creek/Victor Gold Mine
Date:
Tuesday, Sept. 12
Date:
Saturday, Sept. 16
Time:
Departs at 8:00 am and returns at 5:00 pm
Time:
Departs at 8:00 am and returns at 4:00 pm
Location:
Departs from the Antlers Hotel Lobby
Location:
Departs from the Antlers Hotel Lobby
Cost:
$150 before 8/1/17, $160 after 8/1/17
Cost:
$75 before 8/1/17, $85 after 8/1/17
Leader:
David A. Glater, PE, CPG, Principal Geological Engineer, CTL | Thompson, Inc.
Leader:
Darin R. Duran, PE, Principal, Geotechnical Engineering Manager, Cesare, Inc.
Min/Max:
Maximum 30/Minimum 20
Min/Max: Minimum 20/Maximum 28
This one-day trip will visit Garden of the Gods (GOG) and Cave of Winds and will provide an excellent overview of the geologic history and structure of the Colorado Springs area. We will start at the GOG Visitor’s Center with a description and overview of the geologic history of Colorado Springs. We will than take a paved walk exploring the stratigraphic and structural features of Garden of Gods and if allowed (area currently closed to hikers) we will visit the Kindergarten fault on an unpaved and very rocky trail that requires hiking boots. We will visit the south fault and rampart range fault on another unpaved trail that requires hiking boots. In the afternoon we will visit Cave of the Winds. This cave has been attracting travelers for over a century.
The Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine, formerly and historically the Cresol Mine, is an active gold mine located near the town of Victor, in the Cripple Creek mining district of Colorado. It is the largest current producer of gold in Colorado, and produced 211,000 troy ounces of gold in 2014. It was fully owned and operated by AngloGold Ashanti through its subsidiary, the Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mining Company (CC&V). In June 2015, AngloGold agreed to sell the mine to Newmont Mining Corporation. The purchase by Newmont was completed in August 2015. The mine is an open pit operation. The gold is recovered from the ore by heap leaching. CC&V’s heap leach pad is one of the biggest in the world. July 2017
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2017 ANNUAL MEETING The Cripple Creek gold deposits occur within a seven square mile (18 sq. km), 30 million year old, volcanic-intrusive complex that erupted and intruded through Precambrian granitic rocks of the Pikes Peak and Boulder Creek intrusives. Gold was discovered in 1890 and by 1892 there area boasted 500 gold mines. The area above Victor was known as the City of Mines and was the largest and richest gold mining district In the Cripple Creek Mining District. Equipment Needed: Please wear fully enclosed shoes and long pants. Hard hats and safety glasses are required, and will be provided by the mine. Light walking, but altitude is 9,800 feet. Sunscreen is a definite must.
Field Trip 4 Industrial Minerals Mining and Geology in the Royal Gorge Region Date:
Saturday & Sunday, Sept. 16–17
Time:
Departs at 8:00 am on Saturday and returns at 5:00 pm on Sunday
Location:
Departs from the Antlers Hotel Lobby
Cost:
$355 before 8/1/17, $380 after 8/1/17 (Double Occupancy). $65 Single Supplement
Leaders:
David W. Bieber, PG, Manager of Geology/Survey, Rocky Mountain Division, Martin Marietta, and Tom Newman, Lafarge-Holcim
Min/Max: Minimum 24/Maximum 50 Activity Level:
Easy to moderate.
The trip will depart the Antlers Hotel at 8:00 am on Saturday. Our first stop on Saturday morning will be the Martin Marietta Red Canyon Quarry in Fremont County, Colorado. The quarry is a drill and shoot operation that mines Ordovician Manitou Limestone, Precambrian Pikes Peak Granite, and Precambrian metamorphic complex rocks in a complex faulted setting. Materials for the site are used as aggregate for asphalt and concrete, rip-rap, aggregate base, and decorative rock. The variable rock properties in the deposit add to the challenges posed by the complex geology. On Saturday afternoon, we will visit the Lafarge-Holcim Portland limestone mine and cement production 16
facility. This facility mines lime marl material from the Cretaceous Niobrara Limestone as cement production feedstock and is a major supplier of Portland cement for the region. Saturday evening will feature dinner on the Royal Gorge Railroad as we traverse the world-famous Royal Gorge. Saturday night will be spent in Canon City, Colorado. On Sunday morning we will visit the Martin Marietta Parkdale Quarry, Colorado’s only rail-served aggregate quarry, and a facility that mines Quaternary alluvial gravel and Pikes Peak Granite deposits for aggregate. The facility offers the unique opportunity to observe the two most common and distinctly different methods for producing construction aggregate. Our last stop will be on our trip back to Colorado Springs where we will visit the GCC Salt Canyon Project gypsum mine. This mine produces gypsum from the Jurassic Morrison Formation for use as an additive in the production of Portland cement. We will return to the Antlers Hotel at approximately 3:00 pm on Sunday. Equipment Needed: Please wear fully enclosed shoes and long pants. Hard hats and safety glasses are required.
AEG 2017 Partners with the 53rd Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals As part of this affiliation, two technical sessions will be offered during our Annual Meeting on Friday, September 15, that will focus on Reclamation of Industrial Mineral Extraction Sites and Geology and Industrial Minerals. In addition we will have several technical sessions focused on Environmental Geology including Hazard Characterization and Management, Emerging Contaminants Symposium, Environmental Geology, Subsidence and Soil Behavior Hazards and Environmental Characterization and Remediation. The Keynote Speakers this year are from the Colorado Department of Natural Resources and will be speaking on Linear Construction Projects – Transco Natural Gas Pipelines, Water Resources Dam Safety, and Avalanche Hazards Program.
The 2017 OEEG Project Award The AEG Outstanding Environmental & Engineering Geologic Project Award will be awarded to The Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety’s Inactive Mine Reclamation Program. The program was established in 1980 to address the hazards and environmental problems that arise from abandoned mines across Colorado. Legacy mining has resulted in over 23,000 hazardous mine features and impacts to 1,300 miles of streams. There is no other state program to address these hazards. To date, the program has been responsible for safeguarding over 10,000 hazardous features, reclaiming over 4,000 acres of mining disturbed lands, improving water quality at more than 220 sites, and has investigating and managing 33 underground coal mine fires throughout the state.
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2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Short Courses (CEUs will be offered for each Short Course) Short Course 1 Debris Flow Date:
Tuesday, Sept 12
Short Course 2 Professional Ethics for Geoscientists and Engineers, “Things are Changing”
Time:
8:00 am–5:00 pm
Date:
Tuesday, Sept 12
Fee:
$250 Member Professionals, $300 Non-Member Professionals, $100 Students
Time:
4:00–5:00 pm
Fee:
Credits:
8 PDHs and .8 CEUs
$40 Member Professionals, $50 Non-Member Professionals, $25 Students
Credits:
1 PDH and .1 CEUs
This one-day course trains participants through lecture, case histories, and hands-on exercises. Principles covered: 1) An overview of the basic forces of debris flows that result in erosion and/or torrent channels, 2) The basic theory behind a unique dimensioning software program, 3) Use of DEBFLOW® dimensioning program for designing flexible debris flow barriers, and 4) Case studies working with the dimensioning program.
Who Should Attend This course is intended for consulting engineers, geologists, municipalities, public works, transportation agencies, as well as landscape architects and specialty construction contractors. This course is recommended to anyone with an undergraduate level of understanding of geology and/or geotechnical engineering and some experience with basic natural hazard mitigation concepts; or a Bachelor’s level education or higher in civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, geology or related fields.
Instructors Tim Shevlin received a BS degree (2001) in environmental science from Allegheny College and his MS (2004) in engineering geology from Kent State University. He is a registered professional geologist in Pennsylvania and worked as a geotechnical designer for nationally known civil engineering firms before joining Geobrugg North America in 2009. Dr. William Kane received a BA degree (1975) in Geology from James Madison University and his MS (1981) and PhD (1985) degrees in civil engineering from Virginia Tech. In 1997 he founded KANE GeoTech, Inc. Dr. Kane is a registered PE (professional engineer) in 24 states and a registered PG (professional geologist) in Tennessee. He conducts engineering workshops in the U.S. and internationally. He has appeared as a geotechnical expert both in litigation and nationally on radio and television, including CNBC and CBS. Dr. Kane has been designing, building, installing and monitoring geotechnical instrumentation systems since 1994. These completely automated systems are capable of recording groundwater levels, rates and directions of ground movement, locations of failure surfaces, rainfall quantities, and soil moisture.
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Ethics and ethical practice has long been defined as “moral behavior” or the “standards of professional practice and morals of a particular profession or organization.” Because the code of ethics is specific to a unique organization, one often finds two professionals acting in what appear to be conflicting situations. Take, for example, an Attorney and a Professional Geoscientist expert witness both involved in the same case and on the same team. The fundamental ethical requirement of the attorney is to be “a zealous advocate for the client!” while that of the geoscientist is to be “a zealous advocate for the scientific truth!” Ethics, however, are changing as ethical violations make the news, new laws are enacted to “prevent” the prior ethical violation. With Laws replacing ethics, why do we need ethics? “Professionals have an obligation to maintain the standard of the practice in a moral and honest manner.” We have traditionally not included “political correctness” within our talk; after all we are discussing a technical subject that relates to the interests of the group we are talking to. As professionals we face a new environment “Professional Ethics in Modern Society.” In contaminant transport and movement in the groundwater system we discuss “retardation” and “the contaminated is retarded;” during a landslide presentation we discuss “slope” and “slope failure” or in a discussion of magmatic processes and the formation of intrusive igneous rocks we discuss “segregation of minerals” as the magma cools. New surprise! Someone in the group is “offended” and files a complaint against the speaker for being “offensive!” often without being specific as to WHY or WHAT was offensive. It is critical that we professionals respond to the person receiving the complaint carefully and completely to ensure our professional reputation and standing in the community. In many of my public presentations and short-courses I now include a warning statement that some of the “technical terms used in this presentation may be offensive if taken out of context and that I have no intent to offend anyone but to provide education.”
Instructor Christopher C. Mathewson, PhD, PE, PG, Regents Professor Emeritus, TAMU; Senior Training Specialist, TEEX; Member, Texas Board of Professional Geoscientists has specialized in Engineering Geology at Texas A&M University, College Station,
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HEADER 2017 ANNUAL HERE MEETING Texas since 1971. Professor Mathewson received a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1963; and his Master of Science and Doctoral degrees in Geological Engineering from the University of Arizona in 1965 and 1971. Dr. Mathewson served as a commissioned officer in the National Ocean Survey from 1965 to 1970, working on ocean charting and marine geophysical surveys in the Pacific and on coastal hazards in Hawaii. At Texas A&M, he has carried out research on coastal and river processes, expansive soils, urban planning, surficial processes, groundwater resources and protection, natural hazard analyses and mitigation, archaeological site preservation and engineering geology of surface lignite mines. He has presented over 400 papers, published over 90 technical papers, edited 4 technical volumes and is the author of a textbook in Engineering Geology. In addition, he is active in the profession, having served as President of the American Geological Institute—President of the Association of Engineering Geologists—Chair of the Engineering Geology Division, Geological Society of America—Chair of the U.S. National Group, International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment, among many other society positions. Governor Perry appointed him to the Texas State Board of Professional Geoscientists in 2012. He has served on the Council of Examiners of the National Association of State Boards of Geology where he assists in the writing and review of the national Geologist Licensure Examination since 1992. He has received many awards, including: the Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching and the Robert C. Runnels Excellence in Advising Award from Texas A&M University—the Claire P. Holdredge Award, the Floyd T. Johnston Service Award and the Karl and Ruth Terzaghi Outstanding Mentor Award from the Association of Engineering Geologists and the Meritorious Service Award from the Engineering Geology Division of the Geological Society of America.
Short Course 3 Characterization of Rock Core and Borehole Conditions for Engineering & Environmental Projects Sponsored by Schnabel Engineering Date:
Saturday, Sept 16
Time:
8:00 am–5:30 pm
Fee:
$250 Member Professionals , $300 Non-Member Professionals, $100 Students
Credits:
8 PDHs and .8 CEUs
Information gleaned from rock cores and testing in the resultant borehole creates the fundamental data source for use in analysis and design on many engineering and environmental projects. This course will train participants in collecting data during drilling, describing rock core, in-situ testing in the borehole, and interpreting and presenting information from these sources. The course instructors have wide experience with
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investigations in rock and include geologists specializing in engineering and environmental geology, a driller, and a geophysicist. Presentations on the most common rock description systems, rock coring techniques and tools, digital recording of observations, and supplemental down-hole geophysical and permeability testing methods will be included. Description methods will focus on fundamental rock and discontinuity features using methods that the participant can apply with any of the large number of description systems used by a consulting companies, owners, or government agencies. A wide range of rock core will be available for hands-on practice by participants. Special emphasis will be placed on development of information deliverables, including use of rock mass rating systems and various reporting and presentation approaches.
Who Should Attend Geologists, engineers, and technical staff who need to turn visual observations and field testing into usable input for evaluation, analysis, modeling, engineering design or environmental remediation would find this course valuable. The course is equally appropriate for younger professionals as well those who are more experienced due to the depth of instruction, range of topics, and wide experience of the instructors. Participants will be able to put their training into practice during hands-on sessions with rock core. Employers benefit from the very reasonable cost of this training—equivalent to the cost of drilling less than five feet of rock core.
Instructors Gary Rogers, PG, Senior Associate Geologist and the Geosciences Service Area Leader with Schnabel Engineering. Gary is a Professional Geologist with over 30 years of hands-on experience in engineering geology and hydrogeology related to dams, foundations, landfills, nuclear waste sites, power plants, slope stability investigations, tunnels and shafts, and subsurface exploration programs. In his work on these projects he has used many of the rock description methods required by various owners and agencies. He completed a BS at Kent State University where he focused on hydrogeology and field studies and an MS at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a thesis project in structural geology. He has worked for large engineering firms (Ebasco Services, Inc.), was a founder of an environmental and engineering firm (Applied Geosciences and Engineering), and is now with a mid-size employee-owned firm (Schnabel Engineering). He is past Chair of the Carolinas Section of AEG and is active on both section and national committees of AEG. Bryan K. Simpson, PG, PE, Technical Specialist, Engineering Geology, US DOI, Bureau of Reclamation - Technical Service Center. Bryan’s responsibilities include engineering geology/engineering analysis, which include subsurface characterization foundation acceptance mapping, photogrammetric analysis, seepage analysis, erodibility analysis, hard rock kinematics and soil slope stability, specification preparation/ review. He is a Risk Cadre Member, Dam Safety Advisory Team Member, Safety of Dams Risk Analysis Estimator, Safety of
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July 2017
2017 ANNUAL MEETING Dams Scoping Member, Value Engineering Team Member, Value Planning Team Member, Cost/Risk Team Member, Comprehensive Facility Review Team Member, Technical Review Team Member, and Technology Development Panel Member. Bryan has 22 years of experience, with 15 years in the private sector and 7 years at Reclamation. Bryan has an AA in Engineering from South Plains College and a BS in geology from University of Northern Colorado. James J. LoCoco. CPG: Jim is the current Chairman of Mount Sopris Instrument Company, Inc. Denver, Colorado, manufacturer of borehole geophysical logging systems. Jim has over 39 years diverse worldwide experience in slimline borehole geophysics applied to many applications, including engineering and geotechnical, mining, ground water, research and development, and energy resources. Through the years, Jim has published manuscripts and papers on the applications of borehole geophysical logging, and has presented at various conferences and symposia. Jim has a BS in Geology from the University of New Mexico and post-grad credential in Ground Water Science from the Ohio State University. Mike Neal is the Eastern Operations Manager for Ruen Drilling Incorporated. He is experienced in surface and underground diamond core drilling, tooling, equipment, operations and procedures. Mike has designed, built and operated core drill rigs over his 36 years in the drilling industry. Mike has cored to a depth of 6,220 feet, although if you count the time he drilled 3,000 feet starting from a mine level at 8,000 feet underground, he’s recovered core from 11,000 feet below the ground. He’s overcome many difficult drilling situations, including coring a hole with 1,500 psi of backpressure from the formation.
but are not limited to reduced risk to field personnel, immediate availability of up to date site-specific information, enhanced productivity, and reduced cost. The primary emphasis for this course is to provide every short course registrant with a sufficient level of knowledge so that they can immediately begin to use drones to acquire geoscientific data. Divided into a morning and afternoon session, the course participants will first receive instruction on acquiring visible light photographic image data suitable for the creation of an ortho-rectified photomosaic color map along with a digital surface model (DSM) and bare earth digital elevation model (DEM). Then, using UAS photogrammetry as a foundation, the instructor will delve into the application of lidar to map surface topography and obtain a 3D point cloud of elevation data for a vertical structure. The morning session will close out with an exploration into the practicalities of using a drone to obtain multi-spectral and thermal infrared imaging data as well geophysical data. The afternoon session will start with a segment on how to commercially operate a sUAS in the National Air Space (NAS) of the United States in a legal and safe manner while minimizing financial risk. Then there will be presentations of several case histories illustrating the application drones to mapping geology, managing assets, and enhancing environmental site characterization studies. This segment will be followed by presentations from hardware and software vendors along with UAS service providers. The short course will wrap up with an open Q&A session. For those that wish to stay, a social hour will immediately follow scheduled short course so that participants can mingle with other course participants and\or to interact with the experienced UAS mapping professionals as well as the UAS hardware, software, and service vendors.
Short Course 4 geoDRONEology© – Applying Drones to Geoscientific Mapping
Instructor
Sponsored by Midwest GEOSCIENCES Group and International Geophysical Services, LLC Date:
Saturday, Sept 16
Time:
8:00 am–5:00 pm (Social Hour 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm)
Fee:
$250 Member Professionals , $300 Non-Member Professionals, $100 Students
Credits:
8 PDHs and .8 CEUs
The use of a small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) equipped with a visible light camera, a light detection and ranging (lidar) system, an infrared imaging system, or a geophysical sensor package promises huge benefits to the workflows of a wide variety of environmental and engineering projects. Drones are commonly tasked to conduct visible inspections of vertical structures, to obtain high definition 3D maps of geological outcrops, and to detect unexploded ordnance (UXO), to name but a few of the applications. The advantages of employing small UAS for geoscientific mapping include
July 2017
Ronald S. Bell is a consulting geophysicist with more than 35 years of experience in the application of ground and airborne geophysical methods to environmental subsurface characterization, groundwater resource investigations, and the exploration for mineral, hydrocarbon, and geothermal resources. In 2016, Bell taught a webinar and two short courses on the integration of drones into the engineering and environmental workflows. In addition, he has been an invited speaker at numerous professional association meetings and several universities on the application of small UAS to resource exploration, environmental site characterization, and subsurface infrastructure detection and delineation. Bell is President of International Geophysical Services, LLC, a geophysical consulting and services firm based in Lakewood, CO providing ground geophysical data acquisition as well as UAS photogrammetry, thermal infrared imaging, and magnetometry services. In 2014, he formed Aerobotic Geophysical Systems, LLC to develop innovative UAS solutions for subsurface characterization. Bell holds a BS in Applied Physics from Michigan Technological University.
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
19
2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Guest Opportunities Be sure to sign up for one of these exciting Guest Tours when you register for the AEG Annual Meeting Guest Registration Included with every Guest Registration:
Guest Tour 2 Cave of the Winds
● Ability to sign up for our four amazing Guest Tours
Date:
Wednesday, Sept 13
● Access to the Exhibit Hall with coffee/tea offered every
Time:
10:00 am–1:00 pm
day (Wednesday-Friday) ● Icebreaker Reception - Tuesday, 9/12 from 6:30-8:30pm
(one drink ticket included)
Location: Departs from Antlers Hotel Lobby Cost:
$65 prior to 8/1/17, $75 after 8/1/17
Guest Tour 1 Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center Date:
Tuesday, Sept 12
Time:
10:00 am –2:00 pm
Location: Departs from Antlers Hotel Lobby Cost:
$65 prior to 8/1/17, $75 after 8/1/17
The Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, built in 1936, grew out of and expanded on the mission of the esteemed Broadmoor Art Academy to become one of the only multi-discipline arts institutions in the nation. Today it remains an amazing rarity— home to a nationally accredited art museum, Broadway-worthy theatre, a gourmet restaurant (Taste), retail art galleries and an art school for all ages and skill levels. It is essentially an entire arts district, under one roof. The 132,286-square-foot facility hosts major international traveling and changing exhibitions. Your visit will include a private tour and gourmet lunch at Dale Street Bistro. Discovered in 1881, Cave of the Winds Mountain Park has been attracting travelers for over a century. Explore the world underground on a guided Discovery Tour—an easy, educational, 45-minute walking trek for beginning cavers and families. A docent will walk you through the history, discovery, and geology of Cave of the Winds and answer questions as you explore twisting paths under the mountain. You will experience some of the most beautiful formations the cave has to offer. You’ll duck underneath Fat Man’s Misery, marvel at geological formations like the Giant’s Bleeding Heart and see the Temple of Silence. A box lunch will be provided to enjoy on the patio. Additional time will be provided to walk around and explore on your own. Note: Bring Comfortable walking shoes and a light jacket. The Discovery tour is not recommended for pregnant women or persons with heart and respiratory problems.
20
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Guest Tour 3 Manitou & Pike’s Peak Railway
Guest Tour 4 Garden of the Gods
Date:
Thursday, Sept 14
Date:
Friday, Sept 15
Time:
8:30 am–3:30 pm
Time:
9:00 am–2:00 pm
Location: Departs from Antlers Hotel Lobby
Location: Departs from Antlers Hotel Lobby
Cost:
Cost:
$98 prior to 8/1/17, $108 after 8/1/17
$80 prior to 8/1/17, $90 after 8/1/17
Travel on the world’s highest cog train, ascending Pikes Peak to 14,115 feet to experience the magnificent panoramas that inspired the song America the Beautiful. This 3-hour trip spans over 8.9 miles of track. Enjoy the invigorating grandeur as the cog railway trip takes you through four life zones, from high plains to fragile alpine tundra. The granite cliffs often reveal yellow-bellied marmots and Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. You can shop for souvenirs in the Steamer Stop Shop. In September, the aspens will be changing. Bring your camera. Note: Bring comfortable shoes and warm clothes because at 14,115 it can be below freezing and windy. Snow may be possible in September. At this elevation some people may experience altitude sickness, which may include symptoms of dizziness, nausea and headaches. Drink lots of water. In addition, if you are pregnant or have cardiac or respiratory problems, it is advised that you consult with your physician before making the ascent.
PHOTO BY MILAN SUVAJAC
Lunch is included at the Cliff House in Manitou Springs.
Explore Colorado Springs’ paradise in one magical stop. Garden of the Gods Park is a registered National Natural Landmark. Experience dramatic views, 300-ft. towering sandstone rock formations against a backdrop of snow-capped Pike’s Peak and brilliant blue skies. This world-class Visitor & Nature Center and Museum is the most visited attraction in the region with all new interactive exhibits. Learn how the amazing red rocks got there with the new Geo-Trekker movie experience, shown every 20 minutes. Delight in one of Colorado’s most photographed views while eating in our glass-enclosed café or from our terrace overlooking Pike’s Peak and Garden of the Gods. Lunch included at the Garden of the Gods Visitor Center Cafe. A trained Colorado naturalist will “step-on” your coach to give a 45 to 60-minute tour of the Garden of the Gods Park. Note: In September the weather can be variable, so be prepared. Comfortable shoes are advised for this 1–2-mile, paved walk. July 2017
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
21
2017 ANNUAL MEETING
t n e v E l a i c Spe
Phantom Canyon Brewery BBQ Buffet Wednesday, September 13, 2017 6:30–9:30pm – $75 per person (includes Buffet Dinner and Brewmaster's Brewery Tour) Phantom Canyon Brewing Company is located in the heart of downtown Colorado Springs. Since 1993, they have been treating residents and tourists to fine food, great microbrews and excellent service. Housed in the historic, three-story Cheyenne Building, Phantom Canyon has been credited with revitalizing the downtown area. The main dining area and brewery were the first to open and were a great success. In 1996, the proprietors opened the second floor Billiards Hall, which has been voted Best Place to Shoot Pool every year since. In 2001, they completed their newest expansion, the Banquet Hall, which occupies the entire third floor. Rows of arched windows offer stunning views; wood floors and 12-foot ceilings create an elegant atmosphere.
Sample Buffet Meats:
Ribs, Chicken, and Smoked Brisket
Sides:
Cornbread Muffins, Garden Salad, Fresh Corn on the Cob, Baked Beans, and Potato Salad
Desserts: Vanilla Bread Pudding House-Made Parkerhouse Rolls in Vanilla Custard, with a Whiskey Sauce Strawberries and Cream Tarts – Strawberries Tossed in Lavender Syrup and Blackberry Ginger Balsamic Vinegar, with Tangy Cream in a Bite-Size Tart Shell Beignets – Fried Southern Donuts Tossed in Powdered Sugar.
22
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Networking… Technicalam Progr Women in AEG/AWG
A complete schedule and abstracts will be included in both the Program with Abstracts and the Annual Meeting App.
Breakfast Friday, Sept 15 — 7:30–8:30 am Jackson Room
Technical Sessions
Karen Berry, Director and State Geologist, Colorado Geological Survey
● Subsidence and Soil Behavior Hazards
Karen Berry has worked for the Colorado Geological Survey since 1999 where she has held positions including land use program manager, deputy Director, Director and State Geologist. Prior to her time with CGS, Berry worked as an exploration geologist in Texas, engineering geologist in Arizona, geotechnical reclamation specialist for the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board and county geologist for Jefferson County, Colorado. Berry is a Professional Geologist in Colorado and Wyoming; a Certified Planner by the American Institute of Certified Planners, American Planning Association. She serves on a number of Boards and Commissions including the Western States Seismic Policy Council; Vice President American Association of State Geologists; Critical Issues Committee, American Geosciences Institute; the Jefferson Conservation District; and the Natural Resources Committee, National Association of Conservation Districts. Berry also served on the Wheat Ridge City Council; the Board of Directors, Denver Regional Council of Governments; and the Natural Resources Committee, National League of Cities. Berry earned a geological engineering degree from the Colorado School of Mines and completed graduate work in geotechnical engineering and Graphic Information Systems.
˜
● Landslide, Rockfall and Debris Flow Analysis and
Remediation, Part 1 and Part 2 ● Transportation and Infrastructure Projects ● Advocating for Geoscience: Ideas, Resources, and
Examples ● Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics ● Materials Characterization and Ground Improvement ● Hydrogeology ● Environmental Geology ● Reclamation of Industrial Mineral Extraction Sites ● Environmental Characterization and Remediation ● Geology and Industrial Minerals ● Geophysics and Remote Sensing
Invited Symposia ● Resolving Complex Geologic Issues...Using Geophysics ● Landslide Hazards of Colorado Springs: What the
General Public Needs to Know
Young @ Heart Happy Hour!
● The Impact of Geology on Flood Control and Water
Storage Dams and Levees Symposium ● The Impact of Geology on Government Projects
and Assets
Phantom Canyon Brewery Tuesday, Sept 12 — 8:00–11:00 pm This free social event is a great way to start your week in Colorado Springs. Make or mingle with friends in environmental and engineering geology while you enjoy free appetizers (and a free drink ticket if you arrive early!). Just a short walk from the hotel, this event is an excellent opportunity to build connections with peers, mentors, senior fellows, and potential employers. We encourage students and young professionals to attend the event, and welcome experienced professionals who are “young at heart!” July 2017
● Stream and Surface Water Management
● InSAR Applications for Geology and Geological
Engineering ● Sliding the Scale: Improving Communications and
Public Policy for Landslide Hazards ● Emerging Contaminants ● Remote Sensing and GIS for Geohazards
Assessment and Environmental Studies ● Advocating for Geoscience: Ideas, Resources,
and Examples
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
23
2017 ANNUAL MEETING
Registration Rates & Deadlines Rate
By 8/1/17
After 8/1/17
AEG Member – Full Registration
$445.00
$495.00
Non-Member – Full Registration* $495.00
$545.00
*BECOME AN AEG MEMBER today and receive discounts on your registration fee. AEG Student Member – $95.00 $120.00 Full Registration Full-time student with proof of current enrollment Not an AEG member? Student membership is FREE! Student Volunteer $0.00 $0.00 Volunteer 8 hrs (2 in Registration) and receive a complimentary meeting registration. Contact heather@aegweb.org to register. Guest Registration $100.00 $125.00 (Includes Icebreaker, Exhibit Hall, Guest Giveaway and ability to sign up for Guest Tours) Daily – AEG Member
$195.00
$245.00
Daily – Non-Member
$295.00
$345.00
$55.00
$55.00
Daily – Student Member
Field Trips and Guest Tours See page 14 for more information, including rates and deadlines.
SPECIAL EVENT – Phantom Canyon Brewery
$75/person
Student Opportunities STUDENT/PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING RECEPTION Tuesday, Sept 12 – 5:15–6:15 pm This fun and relaxed event is the perfect place for you to make new friends and meet future employers/employees! You don’t want to miss it! Be sure to sign up on your registration form.
STUDENT LUNCHEON “Get a Job & Make It Your Own” A Presentation by Greg Hempen, PhD, PE, RG, Designed to Elicit Students’ Comments and Discussion
Friday, Sept 15 – Noon–1:30 pm This talk and free luncheon for students seeks to engage their participation and discussion via a PowerPoint presentation. Interrupting the presentation to comment or ask a question is encouraged! Three areas are developed to touch on many concepts, chiefly to gain the comments and questions of individual students. The talk and response to inquiries will attempt to provide the employer’s perspective, so the newly minted professionals may assess how their job applications and interviews might be evaluated by. The presentation also makes a few recommendations on how one’s career over time may be tailored to the goals of each individual. Be sure to sign up on your registration form.
VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES Students—Need Help Funding Your Meeting Registration?
See page 22 for more information!
Register Early!
Volunteer 8 hours in exchange for a complimentary meeting registration! Contact Heather Clark for all of the details: meetings@aegweb.org or 303-518-0618.
Field trips and special events can sell out. Be sure to secure your spot for these exceptional events. Go to www.aegannualmeeting.org to register online.
24
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE
Examination of Surface Water Physical Chemistry around an Industrial Complex Part 2 Jeremy Foote and Darrel Schmitz
Introduction–Part 1 Recap
l
n April’s issue of AEG News, the first part of this series, presented physical chemistry of certain surface water features around an industrial complex, which included a surface coal mine, in Choctaw County, Mississippi. Part one presented information regarding the difference between surface water physical chemistry at two locations: one upstream of the Ecoplex and the other downstream of the Ecoplex and how the waters physical chemistry downstream of the Ecoplex has changed over the 17-year operation of the Ecoplex.
In summary, the first part of this article revealed that there is a higher concentration of solutes measured at the downstream location then at the two up-stream locations of the Ecoplex, indicating that either activity within the Ecoplex is partially responsible for the increase in solutes or other parts of the watershed that flows through the downstream location (SW-1) (Figure 1–below). There is also evidence that the concentration of solutes at the SW-1 location has increasing trend over the 17-year operation history of the Ecoplex. However, as the correlation of the trend is so weak, the increase is considered statically insignificant. continued…
Fig. 1. Surface Features within the Drainage Area of Surface Monitoring Station 1 (SW-1)
July 2017
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
25
HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL Fig. 2. Study Area Weather Station Locations
Part 2 This article will examine the quantitative analysis and qualitative evidence of the changes that the surface water downstream of the Ecoplex underwent to clarify what might be contributing to the fluctuations in the concentrations of the various measured solutes at surface water monitoring site 1 (SW-1). Site SW-1 is positioned to monitor surface water that is draining from potentially affected areas around the Ecoplex. However, the location of the site is also in a place where it can monitor surface water outside the direct effect of the Ecoplex. Therefore, when evidence is presented that there were higher concentrations of solutes in the surface water downstream of the Ecoplex versus upstream, it is inconclusive on whether the Ecoplex is a contributing factor. There are several other factors that could contribute to the increase in the solutes measured at the location. One possibility is material and chemicals that may contaminate the surface water from road crossings as discussed by Maltby et al., (1995) and Oberts, G. L., (1986). In the small drainage area around the Ecoplex, there are approximately 99 road crossings over surface water features that all drain into the Big Byway Ditch where SW-1 is located. Other than the cross contamination from road crossings, there is also residential and farmland around the area that could contribute to the increase in measured solutes in the surface water. The goal of this part of the study is to use quantitative data of some of the factors, such as coal production data and precipitation data, that could affect the concentration of measured solutes to increase or decrease with in the surface waters. We used coal production because this is a metric by which we can judge the amount of mining that has taken place within the Ecoplex. The precipitation record is used in an attempted to quantify the surface runoff of and out of the surface mine; this surface runoff could pick up solutes and other particulates from within the Ecoplex and possibly introduce them into the surface water system. By doing this, we might be able to further clarify if there is a correlation of activities within the Ecoplex to the change in the concentration of measured solutes at SW-1.
Study Area The study area for this second part is the same area that part one of this article covered with two differences. In the first part, there was no consideration of what was transpiring within the Ecoplex, just the condition of the surface water outside of the Ecoplex. This part of the study will consider coal production levels within the Ecoplex, as well as the amount of precipitation that fell in the area. Unfortunately, there was not a weather station on the property that monitored and recorded precipitation, so this study used local NOAA operated weather stations to obtain the precipitation record during the operation period of the Ecoplex, one directly to the south of the Ecoplex and the other to the southeast (Figure 2). Surface water monitoring site 1 (SW-1) is the focus of the second part of this study. Surface water monitoring site 1 (SW-1) is on the Big Byway Ditch, at a location downstream from most of the 26
potential drainage area from the Ecoplex (Figure 1). Within this drainage area, there are 99 road crossings over surface water features, which can add to possible sources of contamination to the surface water. There is roughly 343 km of streams, creeks and ditches that connect and drain into the Big Byway Ditch upstream from SW-1. One of those creeks is the Middle Byway Creek. This creek is the main surface water feature that is directly flowing out of the Ecoplex. The area that drains into the Big Byway Ditch, which flows past the monitoring site SW-1, is roughly 284 sq. km., which includes the ~25 sq. km Ecoplex.
Methods In part one of this article, simple linear regression was partially used to quantify relationships and trends of various measured physical chemistry traits. In the second part of this study, we used multiple linear regression (MLR) to quantify the relationships between two independent variables (coal production and precipitation) have on the dependent P-Chem variables (e.g. pH, conductivity, Carbonate, alkalinity, etc.). This was done to see what, if any, effect the independent variables had on the dependent variable throughout the 17-year record. The source of the dependent data (P-Chem) was described in part one of this article, the two independent variable data sets (coal production and precipitation) were collected using publicly accessible data repositories. The quarterly coal production data was retrieved directly from the U.S. Department of
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE Labor: Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA); the precipitation data was collated from two different weather stations, both run by the National Center for Environmental Information (NCDC) branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We had to use two stations because, one station replaced the other and we needed the data from both for an uninterrupted 17-year data set. Both stations are within five miles of the Ecoplex. Before we ran the MLR, we established our null (H0) and alternative hypothesis (H1). The H0 for this study states that; if the correlation or R2 of the independent variables, i.e. coal production of precipitation data, is greater than 80%, then it is a contributor to the change of the dependent P-Chem attribute examined. There are two alternative hypotheses; the first H1 states that if the correlation or R2 of the independent variables is less than 80%, then it is not considered to be a contributor to the change of the dependent P-Chem attribute examined. The second H1 states that if the correlation or R2 of the independent variables is greater than 80%, but the p-value is greater than 25%, then the confidence in the data is too low for any statistical significance and the H0 is rejected completely. H0 = (R2 > 80%) H1 = (R2 < 80%) H1 = (R2 > 80%) but (p-value > 25%)
Minimum
18.427
Average
724.475
Maximum Total
1,058.776 45,641.950
Table 2a. Recorded Precipitation (0.1 mm) Minimum
0.000
Average
53.667
Maximum
630.000
Table 2b. Precipitation Event Statistics No Recorded Rain
36
Greater then 0
27
More then 10
19
More then 50
13
More then 100
12
More then 200
7
More then 600
1
Total
In a typical statistical analysis, a p-value of 5% is used to judge the confidence level of data, however, we felt the need to increase the window of confidence based on many factors; 1) we did not collect this data ourselves, 2) the data was collected over a period of 17 years, and 3) the data was not collected by the same person or organization over those 17 years. The two independent variables, coal production and recorded precipitation, were obtained from U.S. Government repositories. There were 63 data points used in the MLR from both the coal production and recorded precipitation. Each of the 63 data points from the coal production and the recorded precipitation sync with a quarterly P-Chem data collection event. The coal production was reported as quarterly totals in short tons (Table 1) and the precipitation was reported in total daily amounts in millimeters (mm) (Table 2a and 2b). However, since the recorded rain was a daily total and it could not be coordinated with the time the P-Chem analysis was performed, we decided to take the total rain recorded for the day before and the day of the P-Chem analysis. The assumption was that the P-Chem data would be taken either right after or during a break in the rain, and since a rain event in this part of Mississippi has a drainage time line of approximately 24 hrs, we wanted to make sure to capture the recorded precipitation in that 24-hr period when then P-Chem analysis was performed. Other than the MLR analysis, we will also be directly comparing quantitatively the change that each of the dependent variables has with the independent variables. For this analysis, we will further break down the 12 attribute data sets by quarter. The goal is to minimize the environmental factors when comparing the changes of the dependent variables with the independent variables. Each dependent variJuly 2017
Table 1. Coal Production (1,000 Tons)
63
able will be directly compared with each of the independent variables; an example of this would be, the Bi-Carbonate (HCO3) P-Chem data collected during the first quarter of each year versus the corresponding reported coal production amounts for the first quarter of each year. Therefore, each P-Chem attribute will be compared eight times: four times (once for each quarter) against the precipitation record and four times for the coal production record for a total of 96 quantitative comparisons. For the purposes of due diligence, we also ran MLR on the data sets after each was broken into their respective quarters. The null and alternative hypothesis will remain the same for this analysis as with the other MLR analysis.
Results The multiple linear regression (MLR) was performed twelve times for this study, once for each of the dependent variables: pH, Conductivity, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Bi-Carbonate (HCO3). Carbonate (CO3), Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Iron (Fe-) and Manganese (Ma) (Table 3). The MLR of each of the dependent variables had little to no correlation with each of the independent variables. The average R2 for all 12 dependent variables was 0.049, well below the statistically significant 0.8. Not only is the correlation statically insignificant, more than half of the MLRs fail to meet the data confidence threshold. Even with such a high confidence threshold as 25%, only 5 of the 12 analyses fell below that 25% threshold. However, since none of the MLR analysis met the criteria of the null hypothesis, all 12 analyses were
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
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HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL Table 3. Points of Observation
R2
Accept/ Reject
P-value Coal Production (1000 Short Tons)
Accept/ Reject
P-value Rain (0.1 mm)
Accept/ Reject
H0 Accept/Reject
pH
63
0.01
Reject
83.16%
Reject
43.28%
Reject
Reject
Conductivity
63
0.06
Reject
14.33%
Accept
12.40%
Accept
Reject
Acidity
63
0.07
Reject
5.01%
Accept
74.61%
Reject
Reject
Alkalinity
63
0.09
Reject
14.95%
Accept
4.37%
Accept
Reject
TDS
63
0.04
Reject
41.60%
Reject
17.69%
Accept
Reject
TSS
63
0.02
Reject
34.33%
Reject
82.20%
Reject
Reject
HCO3
63
0.09
Reject
14.95%
Accept
4.37%
Accept
Reject
CO3
63
0.09
Reject
14.95%
Accept
4.37%
Accept
Reject
Cl-
63
0.06
Reject
15.23%
Accept
16.30%
Accept
Reject
SO42-
63
0.03
Reject
23.97%
Accept
33.69%
Reject
Reject
Fe-
63
0.01
Reject
54.07%
Reject
78.45%
Reject
Reject
Mn
63
0.03
Reject
15.91%
Accept
91.61%
Reject
Reject
Attribute
Fig. 3
28
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE Fig. 4
classified with the alternate hypothesis, which stated that the identified variables, both coal production and/or precipitation is not considered to be a contributor to the change of the dependent P-Chem attribute examined. During this study, we performed an additional quantitative analysis of the change the P-Chem attribute underwent by calendar quarter versus the change each of the independent variables underwent. There are a few examples where individual spikes in the dependent variable textually matches spikes in an independent variable. During the first quarter in 2004, there is a spike in acidity that coincidence with a spike in coal production and seen again during the second quarter of 2011 (Figure 3). Another isolated example is a spike in the total suspended solids (TSS) that directly correlates with a spike in precipitation during the third quarter of 2010 (Figure 4). In many cases, there was little to no correlation between the change of the dependent variable and the independent variable. This lack of correlation is further supported by the MLR analysis run on each of the data sets after the data was separated into their respective quarters. Out of the 48 MLR
July 2017
analyses run, none of them met the criteria for the null hypothesis. The average R2 for all 48 MLRs was 12.23%, with only a maximum correlation of 74% for one of the MLR analysis. Only 4 of the 48 MLR analyses include two independent variable data sets that meet the 25% P-value. Therefore, even if the There are a correlation had been above few examples where the 80% required for statisindividual spikes in tical significance, most of the dependent them would not have met variable textually two criteria for the null matches spikes in hypothesis. As an example, an independent the results of the first quarter variable. MLR analysis has only one attribute, chloride, where both sets of independent variable data sets fall within the 25% confidence threshold, but the correlation is so poor, 17.9%, that, even though we are â&#x20AC;&#x153;confidentâ&#x20AC;? in the data sets, the data shows little to no correlation with the dependent variable, chloride (Table 4). continuedâ&#x20AC;Ś
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
29
HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL Table 4. First Quarter Multiple Linear Regression Results Attribute
Accept/ Reject
Coal Production (1000 Short Tons) Coefficient
Coal Production (1000 Short Tons) P-value
Accept/ Reject
5.85%
Reject
0.01%
0.06%
80.14%
Reject
46.29%
Reject
Reject
Conductivity
13.06%
Reject
4.92%
-12.89%
42.66%
Reject
21.16%
Accept
Reject
Acidity
34.73%
Reject
0.50%
-0.37%
2.25%
Accept
26.39%
Reject
Reject
Alkalinity
10.02%
Reject
0.89%
-1.25%
32.25%
Reject
39.25%
Reject
Reject
TDS
14.50%
Reject
2.80%
-8.55%
45.59%
Reject
17.53%
Accept
Reject
TSS
2.20%
Reject
-0.09%
-1.20%
95.33%
Reject
62.51%
Reject
Reject
HCO3
10.02%
Reject
1.08%
-1.52%
32.25%
Reject
39.25%
Reject
Reject
CO3
10.02%
Reject
0.53%
-0.75%
32.25%
Reject
39.25%
Reject
Reject
Cl-
17.90%
Reject
0.75%
-1.21%
19.87%
Accept
20.45%
Accept
Reject
R2
pH
SO 2 4
Rain (0.1 mm) Coefficient
Rain (0.1 mm) P-value
Accept/ Reject
H0 Accept/Reject
6.18%
Reject
1.11%
-2.22%
52.02%
Reject
43.54%
Reject
Reject
Fe-
11.21%
Reject
0.08%
-0.10%
27.80%
Reject
38.99%
Reject
Reject
Mn
13.93%
Reject
0.00%
0.00%
54.49%
Reject
29.65%
Reject
Reject
Fig. 5
Discussion Through all three analyses of the physical chemistry data collected at surface water monitoring site SW-1 outside of the Redhills Ecoplex, there is little to no correlation between the coal production activities or precipitation events within the Complex and the changes to the physical chemistry of the surface water. The two independent data sets used in this analysis hardly make the increased confidence threshold, indicating that when the independent data sets are compared to the dependent data sets, the two almost appear randomly combined. A good example of this randomness is a scatter plot of the bi-carbonate data versus the coal production data and the precipitation data (Figure 5). This trend is almost repeated when qualitatively comparing all 12 of the P-Chem attributes this same way. The recorded pH is another example of how the changing dependent variable has little correlation to the changing independent variable (Figure 6). The pH measured
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PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS Fig. 6
References Maltby, L., et al., (1995) The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 1. Field study. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(6), 1079-109 Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) U.S. Department of Labor (2015) Mine Quarterly Production Information – Red Hills Mine. Retrieved 10/2015 from http://www.msha.gov/drs/ASP/MineAction70002.asp, National Center for Environmental Information (NCDC) – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2015) Daily precipitation record from Ackerman MS U.S. Weather Station. Obtained online 8/2015 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdoweb/datatools/findstation National Center for Environmental Information (NCDC) – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2015) Daily precipitation record from Ackerman 4.9 W MS U.S. Weather Station. Obtained online 8/2015 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdoweb/datatools/findstation Oberts, G., (1986) Pollutatns Associated with Sand and Salt Applied to Roads in Minnesota. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 22(3), 479-483
at SW-1 remains relatively the same wither there is a reported ~100 short tons of coal mined or ~1000 short tons of coal mined within the Ecoplex.
Conclusion
Authors’ Information Department of Geosciences Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762 Corresponding author email: foote.jeremy@gmail.com
This study’s goal was to examine available data and allow the data to instruct us where to take the study. Our main objective was to ascertain what, if any, changes have occurred over the 17 years that this Ecoplex has been in operation. The data, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis that this study has used, indicates that even though there are some changes that occur to the surface water physical chemistry of the Big Byway Ditch at surface water monitoring site SW-1, those changes are not directly linked to the coal production within or rain runoff from the Ecoplex. This study shows that, when properly maintained and monitored, an Ecoplex that includes a surface coal mine can have very little effect on the surrounding surface water environment.
Supplementary Data
Keywords Hydrogeology, Environmental Geology, Site Investigation, Modeling/statistics, Pollution
Call for Professional Contributions… AEG News is looking for professional contributions on a variety of topics, especially engineering and environmental geology. We would like the articles to be 4–6 pages in length. Examples of previous published work include research, case studies, and industry innovations. See page 3 for details.
For a complete supplementary data packet of all the MLR analyses results and figures produced during this study, you can visit: http://www.jeremyfoote.net/science-projects/mymasters-thesis/supplementaryinfopacket for a supplementary PDF.
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ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL LICENSURE FOR GEOLOGISTS In this series, we present the opinions of the author as he explores the issues that are important in the implementation and operation of statutory licensure for geologists. The author’s opinions are not necessarily those of the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists or any other organization or entity.
Issue LXXiX
Defending Licensure in an Era of Reregulation and Deregulation Robert E. Tepel, PG, CEG, and Past President AEG
Introduction “In politics, the worst time to build a relationship is when you need one,” so the saying goes. Some old political winds have recently become stronger. Legislative bills introduced in Arizona in 2016, and Illinois in 2017, demonstrate that geologists must be on the alert nationwide to respond to initiatives to deregulate or “reregulate” professional licensure for geologists (and other professions). Several professions might be proposed for deregulation in one bill; even licensure for professional engineers has been threatened (Eiser, 2017). This article provides some background, observations, and ideas about responding to deregulation proposals. (In today’s context, “deregulate” generally means to completely eliminate regulation/licensure of a profession, and “reregulate” generally means to reduce the extent and impact of professional licensure on the workforce.)
Acknowledgments I thank Dr. Allen W. Hatheway for informing me about the deregulation threats in civil engineering licensure. Jonathan H. Goodwin, former Chair of the Illinois board, alerted me to the deregulation efforts in Illinois (personal communication, April 2017). Stephen Noel (Arizona) and Christopher Stohr (Illinois) provided email updates as the legislative processes worked out in their respective states. Kenneth G. Neal, Co-Chair of AEG’s Licensure Committee, coordinated from AEG’s perspective in Illinois.
Background Professional licensure, no matter what the profession, is a political animal. We geologists are scientists and are trained to solve a specific set of problems in a logical and rational way called “the scientific method.” In the world of politics, the thought process and the procedures of problem resolution are very different; basically it is a world of policy hierarchies and the exercise of political power to implement political policy. Professional licensure acts are always subject to review, revision, or elimination through the legislative process. From the legislators’ standpoint, they are just doing what they promised their constituents when they ran for election: implementing a particular political philosophy. Often, their antilicensure position is founded on insufficient information or incorrect assumptions about the way professional practice works and the limited extent of the licensure law. The current general rationale for deregulation of licensed professions 32
appears to be based on one or two policy themes: 1) eliminate “unnecessary” government regulation, and, 2) eliminate restrictions on the “right to work.” Theme 2 is exemplified by the model law published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) as noted by Eiser (2017). In my experience, both themes carry undertones that licensure laws are used to restrict entry into the profession, limit competition, and allow licensees to charge high fees.
Responding to Deregulation and Reregulation Bills Early Warning System First, we must know that the bill exists. The best defense is a good offense. By that, I mean having a legislative alert program in every state that licenses geologists. A political relationship program is also very helpful. Legislative alerts are typically available from your state legislature’s web site that lists pending legislation. It should be possible (as in California and Washington) to request email alerts when legislation related to certain keywords or phrases (“geology,” e.g.) is introduced or amended. This effort can be done by an AEG member or by a lobbyist. The goal is to catch legislation at the earliest possible time and to provide input to the authors quickly. It is much more effective to critique legislation as early as possible, than to find out about after it has gained traction and is well down the road to a vote. Building a good relationship with the licensure board’s Executive Officer and having an AEG member serve on the board can be helpful in keeping up with the political scene. However, if the board has minimal initiative powers granted to it (as in Illinois), the Administration could by policy limit the board executive’s initiative in pro-actively communicating news about pending legislation to board members, or to licensees and their professional associations. Conclusion: know the extent of the information the licensure board’s administrator can provide to board members or the licensed profession.
Have a Friend in the Legislature When licensure is threatened, no friend is more valuable than a legislator who, over the years, has come to know a geologist and has heard tales of geologic hazards and their effects on people. Building a relationship with a legislator is a concept that many geologists would approach with trepidation. (That is where
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ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL LICENSURE FOR GEOLOGISTS your lobbyist comes in.) If a lobbyist is unaffordable, a low-key personal approach can be effective. Anyone will be welcome at a state assembly member’s District office. The staff members are tasked with serving constituents. If a geologist constituent calls, or walks into, the office and asks a few questions about how to track legislation that affects their professional practice and livelihood, help will be provided. Of course, it helps to have a couple of examples of how geology (and poor geologic practice) affect the public in the legislator’s district. Make a return visit to clarify a few points and thank the staff for their help. Ask when the legislator will be holding a town hall meeting in the district so you can attend and introduce yourself. (This can be an extraordinary burden. Few are the geologists who can afford to take the time from billable hours to do this, which is one reason a lobbyist is helpful.)
Coordinate with Others A unified effort from the profession, and even a multi-profession effort, to defuse deregulation bills, can be more effective than a solitary organization comments. Many AEG members are licensed as both engineers and geologists; these members can provide linkage between the professions that could lead to mutual support.
Point-Counterpoint Some additional general points that can be made to counter legislative deregulation positions and defend licensure laws for geologists: 1. The profession is already partly deregulated, so the goals of the deregulators have already been met. Deregulation goals are achieved through exemptions in the law. (See the State Matrix at www.asbog.org for a state-by-state list of exemptions.) (See also Tepel, 2015 a, b, for information of the “industry exemption” and practice exemptions.) 2. Licensure is NOT a “barrier to entry” into the profession or working as a geologist. Licensure established a gateway for rising to the level of practice in responsible charge of the work that affects the public health, safety, and wellbeing. In a practice for which a license is required, anyone can work as an unlicensed geologist if they work under the supervision of a licensed geologist. 3. Evidence that professional associations do not use licensure laws to restrict entry into the profession includes 1) their constant search for more members, including “student nights” at meetings that feature student presentations, and 2) the many scholarships awarded by professional associations and related foundations.
References Eiser, Arielle, 2017, Is Your License Safe? PE Magazine, National Society of Professional Engineers, March/April 2017. Tepel, Robert E., 2015a, Issue LXXIII: The Industry Exemption in Geology Licensure Laws: Should it Stay? AEG News, March 2015, vol. 58, no. 1., pp. 27-29. Tepel, Robert E., 2015b, Issue LXXIV: Licensure as a Job Qualification: Who Really Needs it, Who Borderline Needs it, Who Does Not Need it? AEG News, June 2015, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 30-31
Call for Papers: AEG Members are encouraged to submit papers on interesting case histories, original research or other projects to its journal on the following topics: • Environmental geology • Engineering geology • Feasibility studies • Geotechnical engineering • Geomorphology • Lowtemperature geochemistry • Applied hydrogeology • Nearsurface processes • Review papers in applied geosciences and technical notes (< 6 pages) Benefits Include: • 4 Issues Per Year • Papers Are Peer Reviewed • Best Student Paper Award • Best Paper Award Instructions for Authors: http://eeg.allentrack.net/
Conclusions Professional licensure for geologists is always at risk. State-bystate early warning systems will help AEG chapters to be aware of proposed legislation that affect the public health, safety, and wellbeing by deregulating the practice of geology.
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Carolinas Chapter
t n o r f e m o The H
Maddie German, Chair The Carolinas Chapter has been off to a great start in 2017 and we are excited about packing our 40th anniversary year with great meeting speakers, fantastic field trips, and worthwhile social gatherings! We held our spring Chapter meeting in Raleigh on April 5th, in conjunction with the local branch of ASCE. The 2016–17 Richard H. Jahns Distinguished Lecturer in Applied Geology, Dr. Scott Anderson, PE, PG, presented Solid as a Rock: How Engineering Geology Relates to Transportation Asset Management. Despite multiple conflicting conferences that week, we had a fantastic turnout of over 60 professionals, regulators, and students. We continued the tradition of holding a 50/50 raffle and raised a record $260 for the Carolinas Scholarship fund—a record we hope to break soon. Pace Analytical and Contaminant Control, Inc. co-sponsored drink tickets for this event. Dr. Anderson also visited good-sized crowds at the College of Charleston, UNC-Wilmington, Wake Tech, UNC-Chapel Hill, and NC State. He was enthusiastic and was able to speak to many individual students. Sue Buchanan prepared a geological hike along the Haw River in Chatham County, NC, as our spring field trip. The hike traversed along two separate stretches of the river on either side of HWY 64 within the Lower Haw River State Natural Area. This portion of the river is located within the Hyco Formation of the Carolina terrane. During the first hike we will visit outcrops of metamorphosed dacites, andesites and basalts of the Hyco Formation. After lunch, we visited outcrops of dacites and volcano-sedimentary rocks. Lunch was at the Carolina Brewery in Pittsboro. Phil Bradley, a senior geologist with the North Carolina Geological Survey, led the trip. Geologists on this field trip earned five hours of continuing education credits. Sue and Cortney Cameron are preparing a second field trip for October 2017. AEG Carolinas will be visiting The Emerald Hollow Mine in Hiddenite, NC—the only emerald mine in the United States open to the public for prospecting. The mine has been in business since 1986, and since then, has been visited by gem-seekers and rock hounds from all 50 states and several countries. There are no caves or tunnels at the mine; all mining is done vertically by digging down into the ground or using sluice buckets filled with dirt. In addition to the mine, the property has two streams that can be panned. There are also sluicing stations and a lapidary shop, where gemstones are cleaned, cut on site, and made into jewelry.
member engagement, 3) disaster planning/response committee, 4) form new chapters and reactivate old chapters, and 5) work to provide additional professional development opportunities. If you are interested in becoming more involved with the AEG leadership, the focus groups, or AEG in general, please contact me or other members of the Carolinas Board. We are in need of several people to help fill supporting chapter roles. Professionals, regulators, teachers and students are all encouraged and welcome. I am looking forward to discussing potential volunteer opportunities with our fantastic membership. As always, your board and I look forward to hearing from each of you regarding your suggestions and/or concerns related to our Chapter. We are here to serve the needs of our membership, so your feedback is vital and welcome. NCGS geologist Phil Bradley led the recent hike along the Haw River in Chatham County, NC.
Consider an AEG Leadership Role As AEG progresses through the items relayed in the Needs Assessment, they are establishing small focus groups, with limited time commitments, to concentrate on issues that will be disbanded once their task is completed. There are currently four areas of focus: 1) increase environmental presence within AEG, 2) appeal to increase student 34
Don’t See Your Chapter? Ask your officers to submit an article and/or photos about your recent meetings and field trips!
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Inland Empire Chapter James Burns, Secretary In March, structural geologist Dr. Joan Fryxell of California State University San Bernardino gave a presentation titled Extensional Development of the Horse Range, which focused on the deformational history of The Horse Range located on the eastern flank of Railroad Valley in Nye County, NV. In that area, Paleozoic sedimentation was followed by thrust faulting during the Sevier Orogeny, which is represented by a thrust fault exposed in the area. During the Oligocene, the area was host to volcanism before giving way to extensional faulting that gave rise to the areas interesting and complex geology. Dr. Fryxell showed us that mapping and knowledge of the geologic history were critical components to unraveling such an intricate geologic history. In April, AEG Inland Empire Chair Greg Johnson, Supervising Engineering Geologist for Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, gave a presentation titled Going Three-Rounds with an Active Landslide. Johnson’s talk took us back to Malibu California in April of 2005 when two medium-sized landslides, situated primarily on private property, destroyed Hume Road as well as parts of Briarbluff and Castlewood Drive. Members were treated to a comprehensive look into the mitigation of this hazard from the successful emergency mitigation to completion of grading in March of 2007. In May, we welcomed the 2016–17 Jahns Distinguished Lecturer, Dr. Scott A. Anderson. A former Geotechnical Engineering Technical Services Team Manager for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Dr. Anderson gave a presentation on the geotechnical aspects of the American Highway system titled Solid as a Rock: How Engineering Geology Relates to Transportation Asset Management. It covered issues facing our aging highway system, including settlement, heave, slope movements, longevity under the influence of scour, as well as corrosion. In addition to speaking to the Southern California AEG Chapter, Dr. Anderson also made presentations on the Oso Landslide to geology student groups at California State University San Bernardino and University of California at Riverside. AEG Inland gives our deepest thanks to of all our speakers this spring for their thought provoking, informative talks.
New York–Philadelphia Chapter Brionna O’Connor, Newsletter Editor This spring, NY–P held its third Annual Student Night on Thursday, March 30. There were 17 student presenters, including 3 oral presentations, representing Montclair State University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Hudson County Community College, Rutgers University – Newark, University of Pennsylvania, and Widener University. The Chapter was pleased to award prizes to both the presenters, and the author of the best poster. Alexander Cid of Hudson County Community College presented on the effects of two different tide gates on the distribution of heavy metals in sediments. Then Yonesha July 2017
Dayana Arrue of Rutgers University-Newark, the recipient of the best poster award at the NY-P Annual Student Night PHOTO COURTESY OF LOREN LASKY
Student presenters from AEG NY-P Annual Student Night 2017
Donaldson of Rutgers University shared her research on using magnetic susceptibility and x-ray diffraction to track microbial activities and to assess the efficiency of bioremediation at a polluted site. Finally, Jesse Kolodin from Montclair State University discussed the relationship between dune morphodynamics and economic values along the New Jersey shoreline. This year, a resume review workshop was added to the program, run by Chapter member Theodoros (Ted) Toskos, where the students could meet one-on-one with consulting professionals and have their resume reviewed. We hope to continue this session with future Annual Student Nights! Our spring dinner meeting was held at the usual Clarion Hotel in Somerset, NJ, where Deborah Schnell PE from GeoSierra Environmental, Inc., a Cascade Company delivered a talk titled In-Situ ‘Green’ Groundwater Treatment Design and Engineering of Controlled Vertical Hydraulically Fractured Groundwater Remediation Programs. Schnell discussed both the technical approach to permeable reactive barriers, and the benefits of the technology such as its environmental benign nature, capacity to destroy a wide variety of volatile organic compounds, and ability to immobilize metals in the ground. She led a lively discussion sharing examples where the technology has been used successfully, and responding to questions about audience members’ project sites. continued…
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THE HOMEFRONT HEADER HERE On Wednesday, May 17, NY-P held a joint meeting with the Northeast Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, The Long Island Association of Professional Geologists, and the NJ-NYC Chapter for the Society of American Military Engineers. The event included a field trip to the Great Falls National Historical Park in Paterson, NJ, as well as a talk given by Gianfranco Archimede, the Executive Director of the Historic Preservation Commission for Paterson, NJ.
ABOVE: Group photo taken at the joint meeting held in May, featuring from left to right Bill Prohoda (AIPG), Mike McEachern (AIPG), Charlie Rich (AIPG), Loren Lasky (AEG), Curt Schimdt (AEG), Jessica McEachern (AIPG), and Mike Hanlon (SAME) RIGHT: Vice Chair and Northeast Region Director Curt Schmidt receives NY-P gift for recognition of his term as NY-P Chair from 2014–16 (photo courtesy of Loren Lasky)
This year’s Annual Field Trip will take place on Saturday, September 9, 2017. We will take a boat trip into the Lower Hudson River and Newark Bay departing from Manhattan to explore the geological, human, engineering and environmental history of the New York City metropolitan-northern New Jersey area. From tunnels to bridges, obducted serpentinite to extensional diabase, the gateway of America to a major industrial hub, this trip will discuss the multiple facets that evolved into making the world’s greatest city what it is today.
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Oregon Chapter Benjamin George, Oregon Chapter Secretary The 2016–17 AEG season has come and gone. Once again, the Oregon Chapter faithful have supported the organization. Year in and year out our members make time in their busy schedules to attend the great talks provided by the wonderful lineup of presenters and to volunteer to help sustain the Chapter and organization. Jennifer DiGiulio recently was anointed the Oregon Chapter Legislature Chair and has been actively pursuing the role. Thanks to Mike Marshall for his diligence in finding great talks and presenters, for always being on top of the venue coordination, and setup for each talk. Scott Braunsten continued his unshakable preparation and delivery of the Chapter newsletter. Thanks to Erin Dunbar for coordinating field trips and Ruth Wilmoth for developing membership. Thanks to Stephen Hay for his leadership throughout the year and to Adam Reese for supporting Stephen and the board. Thanks to Mark Swank and Chris Humphrey for their dedication to the Chapter and organization. February brought a break from some of the snowy weather, but not from precipitation. Our membership came out in good numbers to attend a talk provided by Colgan (Cole) Smith of Elevate UAS a local remote sensing company. Cole discussed Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for Innovative Remote Sensing Solutions and Detailed Site Characterization to Access Near Real-Time Geospatial Data. He showed us the benefits UAS offer when developing ground surface models with both standard RGB cameras and lidar sensors. Our March meeting featured guest speakers Kate Mickelson and Stephen Slaughter of the Washington Geological Survey’s Landslide Hazard Program (LHP) at the Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR). They provided our Chapter with an overview of the new Washington State DNR Landslide Hazards Program including results of the first countywide implementation of the landslide mapping project. The LHP followed protocols established by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries to use lidar data to produce landslide inventory maps, and deep and shallow landslide susceptibility maps. In April, we were able to see a talk that was given at the Annual Meeting in Hawaii by Tim Blackwood of Hart Crowser. Tim discussed Risk-Based Rockfall Mitigation Strategies in Hawaii. He offered discussion on three approaches to address rockfall hazards: i) identify hazards and mitigate regardless of risk, ii) classify or rank hazards relative to others and mitigate based on a risk threshold, and, iii) complete a quantitative risk-based assessment of a site and mitigate those sites that exceed societal acceptance. It was a timely discussion with many owners moving towards risk-based decision tools to allocate ever-diminishing pools of available funds. On April 29, 2017, we had a well-attended field trip to the recently finished re-alignment of U.S. Highway 20 from Pioneer Mountain to Eddyville in the Coast Range west of Corvallis, OR. Contemporary paleo-landslide terrain extends 100–400 acres in this section of the Coast Range. Radiocarbon tests indicate
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Oregon Chapter April Field Trip Attendees
some of the slides are older than the testing range, and investigation suggests they have experienced Holocene, Pleistocene, and possibly Pliocene activity. The oldest landslide terrain contains slides that were broader than the existing landforms. The field trip was led by Michael Tardif and Phil Wurst from the Oregon Department of Transportation and Charlie Hammond from Cornforth Consultants, Inc. Discussions were held at various vantages throughout the 6-mile project to demonstrate: (a) how the highway realignment provided insight into landslides within the Tyee Formation; (b) the geologic and geotechnical methods that were used to investigate, measure, and analyze the landslide conditions; and (c) the construction techniques employed to minimize potential for reactivating the landslides. For our May meeting, the 2017 AEG President, Dale Andrews joined our Chapter for our annual Student Poster night for graduate and undergraduate students. Dale provided news from AEG Headquarters and discussed Chemical Modifications of Soils. Our local students prepared six posters for display, as listed below. Congratulations to all of the presenters and specifically to the following awardees: Best Overall: Kristofer Hornsby, Portland State University (PSU) – Constraining the Holocene Extent of the Meers Fault, Oklahoma using High Resolution Topography and Paleoseismic Trenching; Best Graduate: Beth Rutila, Oregon State University – Evaluating the Temporal Records of Metal Deposition Archived in Lake Sediments Downwind of a Zn-Pb Smelter; Best Undergraduate: Dougal Hanson, PSU – Spatial Variability of 17O-excess in Meteoric Water in
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Oregon; Best Quality: Emily Cohoon, PSU – Re-evaluating Distribution Area and Composition of the Picture Gorge Basalt CRBG, Eastern Oregon; Most Relevant: Joann Nelson, PSU – Modeling 3D Surface Displacements and Failure Plane Surface of Earthflows: The Mill Gulch Earthflow, CA; Honorable Mention: Tessa Carlson, PSU – Deuterium Values from Hydrated Volcanic Glass: A Paleoelevation Proxy for Oregon’s Cascade Range; and, Honorable Mention: Shelby Isom, PSU – Zoning Characteristics of the Devine Canyon Tuff, An Extremely Widespread High-silica Rhyolite Ash-Flow Tuff; Constraints for Rhyolite Evolution Models.
Oregon Chapter meeting attendees mingle at the Student Poster night in May.
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St. Louis Chapter At the February 22nd meeting, Dr. John Posey explained how climate change will affect St. Louis, its natural and man-made infrastructure, and the preparations being made in anticipation. Dr. Posey discussed the science behind climate change and the roles of both orbital cycles and atmospheric carbon dioxide. The climate models use a wide grid to model global effects, so local effects are difficult to determine. Nationally, the models predict changes in precipitation patterns and temperatures, which can influence growing zones, forest fires, droughts, and water supply. Regionally, the models indicate that we could expect changes in pollen seasons and more extreme precipitation events (events with greater than one inch precipitation) that could influence major flooding frequencies. At our March meeting, Boston Fodor, RG, of Geotechnology was our speaker. He discussed Crosshole Seismic Tomography and Wireline Geophysical Logging for Vertical Shaft Excavation Design. His talk was about using electrical resistivity tomography, natural gamma, and an acoustic televiewer to design a 90-foot-diameter shaft for a combined sewer lift station in karstic rock. The goal was to identify karst features that would be encountered during construction of the shaft. Borings were advanced around the planned circumference of the shaft and crosshole tomography was performed using hydrophone receivers in each pair of wells. The geophysical data was used to generate a three-dimensional interpretation of the subsurface, including joints and erratic changes in the top of rock. Local college students presented on their research during our April meeting. Clarke DeLisle, an undergraduate at the University of Missouri, presented on the Evaluation of Quaternary Deformation in the Northern Wind River Basin, Wyoming. DeLisle discussed using drones to generate point clouds for mapping faults. He and his team generated datasets used to generate digital elevation models (DEMs). The DEMs were used to generate fault scarp profiles, which were in turn used to estimate earthquake magnitudes. Sean Polun, a PhD candidate at the University of Missouri, presented on the Use of Small UAVs to Characterize Fault Scarp Morphometry and Kinematics of Active Faults in the Afar Triple Junction, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. Polun discussed the benefits of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect field data. The use of UAVs allowed Polun’s research team to collect data more quickly, allowing them to visit more sites and opening up the opportunity to visit remote sites. Polun used the data collected to find the age of scarps using various site-specific methods. During the April meeting, the St. Louis Chapter also awarded their student scholarship to Dan Clapp, of the University of Missouri. At our May meeting, Mark Milward, RG, of the St. Louis County Solid Waste Program, presented on Fire in the Mountain: West Lake and Bridgeton Landfills, St. Louis County, Missouri. Milward discussed the West Lake Landfill Superfund Site, which has uranium, thorium, and daughter products 38
Student Presenters and Scholarship Winner, Left to Right: Sean Polun, Dan Clapp, and Clarke DeLise.
present, and the nearby Bridgeton Landfill, where a subsurface thermal event was identified in 2010. Milward focused on responses to the thermal event and associated subsidence and discussed potential courses of action that have been considered for both landfills.
San Francisco Bay Area Chapter Maggie Parks, Chapter Secretary In April, we held our annual Student Night at Spice Monkey in Oakland. We heard fascinating talks covering a range of topics from Michal Gardner of UC Berkeley, Roxanne Renedo of the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, and Paul Zimmer of San Jose State University. The food was plentiful, the students were excited, and the beers were tasty! In May, we welcomed current AEG president, Dale Andrews, PG, of Carmeuse Lime & Stone, to discuss the chemical modification of soils at Spice Monkey restaurant in Oakland. Dale’s presentation covered the various methods of chemical soil stabilization to enhance physical properties and engineering performance, as well as providing an overview of lab testing and field practices when using chemical modification. The meeting, sponsored by Griffin Soil Group, brought together the usual suspects plus a few new faces from the cement and soil remediation industries. In June, we enjoyed a presentation by David Hoexter, REA, PG, CEG, at Spice Monkey restaurant in Oakland, about, The American Advertising Calendar Plate: A Window to America’s Rural Past and Geologic Present. David, longtime AEGSF member and past chair of the Chapter, lead an entertaining discussion about the intersection of collectible plates and geology. We want to give a hearty thank you to our 2017 San Francisco Chapter/Sacramento Chapter sponsor, Gregg Drilling. And
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PHOTO BY JESSIE GOODWIN
Jessie Goodwin, Chapter Editor
THE HOMEFRONT continued thanks to our other Chapter sponsors: California Push Technologies, Soil Tectonics, and San Jose State University. As always, check our Chapter website for a copy of our latest newsletter, up to the minute news, meeting information, local job postings, and events. www.aegsf.org
Texas Chapter Christina Dance, Chapter Secretary Geology of the Dry Comal Flood Control Structure and Central Texas Aggregates Mine Field Trip Texas Chapter Chair Stephanie Coffman with presenters (l to r): Our Spring Meeting and Field Trip was held on April 29 in New Stephanie Coffman, Jim Sansom, Charlie Gronewold, Chuck Easton, Braunfels, TX. The daylong event began with Texas Chapter and Tina Standard Chair Stephanie Coffman updating members on upcoming events. We had two speakers from sponsor Freese and Nichols, Inc.: Chuck Easton, PE, and Tina Standard. Chuck described exploration and geoAEG TX Chapter Spring 2017 meeting attendees in front of Dry Comal Flood Control Structure logic conditions exposed during the project, while Tina presented about the Dry Comal Dam design and construction. After lunch and reviewing safety and PPE instruction from Charlie Gronewald, we bused to Capital Aggregates Quarry where Jim Sansom, PG, described the quarryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rock and mineral makeup as well as what possible depositional environmental formed the rock layering. Afterwards we walked atop the Dry Comal Flood Control Structure and took in the view downstream of the dam. Upon our return, we held our business meeting, discussing various topics including our next quarterly meeting to be held on July 29.
AEG TX Chapter Spring 2017 meeting attendees atop Dry Comal Flood Control Structure
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STUDY AIDS and COURSES for the NATIONAL (ASBOG ®) GEOLOGY LICENSING EXAM S Review courses for the National (ASBOG® ) Geology Licensing Exams REG REVIEW, Inc. Courses The Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists (AEG) and REG REVIEW , Inc. are proud to present an 8-hour review course for the National (ASBOG® ) Geology Licensing Exams. Included in the registration price are two review books for the National (ASBOG ®) Geology Licensing Exam: the Geology Study Manual and the Practice Quizzes book. In California, course participants also receive the California Geology Manual. In addition, the course participants will receive a packet of Course Notes. Emphasis is on the topics most strongly emphasized on the exams. REG REVIEW , Inc. has been the leader since 1985 in providing study aids and courses for geological professionals preparing for the geology licensing and certification exams. On-site courses are taught regionally nationwide. There are also W ebinar options for those who want to get started early or waited too long to take an on-site course. Instructors are professionals with direct ASBOG® and California exam experience. Participants in our Review Course for the ASBOG® Exams have pass rates that range from 85% to 99%, up to 25% higher than the national pass rate.
Study Aids REG REVIEW , Inc. provides the only professional-quality Study Aids for the ASBOG® Geology Licensing Exams, the California Supplemental exam, and the Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Certification Exams. ASBOG ® Exams Geology Study Manual Practice Quizzes Book Flash Cards for the ASBOG ® Exams
California Supplemental Exam California Geology Study Manual
e-mail: regreview@aol.com Patti Sutch, CA PG 3949, CEG 1641, CHG 25 5293 G Street Sacramento, CA 95819 (916) 456-4870 (evenings)
Hydro/Engineering Geology Certification (CHG/CEG) Exams Engineering Geology Study Manual Hydrogeology Study Manual Flash Cards for the CHG Exam
website: regreview.com
REG REVIEW, Inc.
fax: (303) 997-2151 Lisa Dirth, CA PG 3951, CEG 1240, NC RG 1627 (by ASBOG ® exam) 1091 Mercury Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 (303) 484-1203
Index of Advertisers AEG 2017 Annual Meeting ..................................................2 AEG 2018 Annual Meeting................................................43 AEG Corporate Sponsors ..................................................41 Geotechnology, Inc. ..........................................................33 Penn Master of Science in Applied Geoscience ................44 REG Review.......................................................................40
For information on supporting AEG through sponsorship and/or advertising in AEG News, contact AEG Headquarters: advertising@aegweb.org. You won’t want to miss the aspen trees in all their golden glory during the 2017 AEG Annual Meeting in Colorado Springs!
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AEG NEWS 60 (2)
July 2017
s r o s n o p S Corporate
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AEG is grateful to the corporations and individuals who contribute to our operating fund through their sponsorship.
Mount Rainier Enviroprobe Service, Inc. Matt McMillen 81 Marter Ave Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 484-833-3003 mattm@enviroprobe.com www.enviroprobe.com
Kleinfelder, Inc. Chad Lukkarila 14710 NE 87th St. Suite 100 Redmond, WA 98052 425-636-7900 clukkarila@kleinfelder.com www.kleinfelder.com
812 W. Wabash Ave. Eureka, CA 95501 707-441-8855 gsimpson@shn-engr.com www.shn-engr.com
Michael F. Hoover
Steele and Associates, LLC 2390 Forest St. Denver, CO 80207-3261 303-333-6071 steeleweir@aol.com
Gary Simpson
Hoover Consulting
Kilauea Susan Steele Weir
SHN Engineers & Geologists
PO Box 30860 Santa Barbara, CA 93130 mfhoover@hoovergeo.com www.hoovergeo.com
SAGE Engineers, Inc. Ara Sanjideh 2251 Douglas Blvd., Suite 200 Roseville, CA 95661 916-677-4800 asanjideh@SAGEengineers.com www.SAGEengineers.com
Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Forget to Visit theAEG E-Store When on Our Websiteâ&#x20AC;Ś There are a wide variety of items available to purchase now at AEG's E-Store, including a classic black ceramic coffee mug with the AEG logo, past issues of AEG News, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience journal, AEG special publications and more! AEG has worked with the AEG Foundation to put together some quality AEG logo items for sale to members who want to show their AEG pride. Half of the proceeds collected from the sale of the items offered under the AEGF/AEG E-Store category will go to the AEG Foundation.
You can find AEG's E-Store online at www.aegweb.org under E-Store located in the main menu on the left. July 2017
AEG NEWS 60 (2)
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IAEGsstt 13 Congress & AEG 61 Annu A ual a Me M eting th
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA
Engineering Geology for a Sustainable World September 17-21, 2018
Shor Shortt Courses Networking
Join your colleagues & bring your family!
Special Events
SPECIAL E V ENT San Francisco Bay Dinner Cruise
Guest rregistrants egistrants ar are e invited to participate par ticipate in local tours. Student & Y Young Yo oung Pr Professional ofessional Networking & Social Events
San Francisco, California, USA | September 17â&#x20AC;&#x201C;21, 2018 | www www.aegweb.org/SanFrancisco2018 .aegweb.org/SanFrancisco2018