Good emergency management practice: the essentials

Page 41

Prepare: Risk analysis

of the risk presented by the disease, in qualitative, if not quantitative, terms. Most importantly, it will be possible to get an idea of how each disease ranks in relation to the risks of other high-priority diseases. In this context, a disease that had a high risk of entry to a country, but only had a low risk of establishment if it entered, or only had trivial potential socio-economic consequences for the country, would get only a low overall score in a risk assessment. Conversely, a disease assessed as having a low risk of introduction, but high consequences if introduced, would be rated more highly. On the basis of this risk assessment and profiling, it should be possible to prioritize the risk associated with each of the diseases, and determine what level of resources should be devoted to preparedness planning for each disease. It will also be possible to get some idea of the most likely sources and methods of entry of the disease agent and how the disease may spread in the country. The geographical pressure points for entry, establishment and spread of the disease also may be assessed. On the basis of this, it will become clear how and where preventive and disease surveillance strategies and programmes need to be strengthened. Finally, it should indicate how veterinary services and contingency planning might need to be strengthened for the highest priority threat diseases.

Risk management In a very real sense, this entire manual is devoted to risk minimization and management strategies for emergency animal diseases. Identification of critical control points through the risk assessment process will prioritize the steps included in this manual which are needed to manage the risks.

Risk communication This is the process of exchanging information and opinions on risk between risk analysts and stakeholders. Stakeholders in this context would include all those who could be affected by the consequences of the risks (i.e. everyone from farmers to politicians). It is important that risk assessment and risk management strategies are fully discussed with stakeholders so that they feel comfortable that no unnecessary risks are being taken and that the risk management costs are a worthwhile ‘insurance policy’. To ensure ownership of decisions, risk analysts and decision-makers should consult with stakeholders throughout the whole risk analysis process so that risk management strategies address stakeholder concerns, and decisions are well-understood and broadly supported.

Incorporating risk analysis into the contingency plan The results of the risk analysis for the appropriate disease should be incorporated into the specific disease contingency plan. With its discussion of risks and consequences, the risk analysis should prove to be a powerful weapon in persuading government decision-makers to approve the contingency plan.

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D: GEMP checklist

3min
pages 121-124

C: Risk analysis

18min
pages 111-120

A: Animal disease emergencies: their nature and potential consequences

9min
pages 103-106

Technical and financial support

2min
page 100

B: Risk periods

7min
pages 107-110

Restocking

2min
page 99

Stopping vaccination

2min
page 96

Recovery and rehabilitation of affected farming communities

2min
page 98

Declaration of official recognition of animal disease status

3min
page 97

Communication guidelines – press and public during outbreaks

1min
page 91

Local Disease (Animal) Control Centres

4min
pages 87-88

Difficult or marginalized areas

2min
page 90

National Disease (Animal) Control Centre

2min
page 86

Command and control during an outbreak

2min
page 84

Resource plans

1min
page 79

Risk enterprise manuals

1min
page 78

Operational manuals (or standard operating procedures

3min
pages 76-77

The geographical extent of culling: wide area culling or on a risk-assessed basis

2min
page 66

Management information system: the key indicators of progress

2min
page 69

Culling and disposal

2min
page 65

Contingency plan contents

6min
pages 72-75

Outbreak investigation

1min
page 70

Submission of samples from initial events to regional and world reference laboratories

1min
page 62

Animal health information systems

2min
page 59

Laboratory diagnostic capabilities

2min
page 60

Training veterinarians and other animal health staff

2min
page 55

Other strategies

2min
pages 51-52

Interface between field veterinary services and livestock farmers/traders

2min
page 54

Live bird marketing systems

2min
page 49

Developing cross-border contacts with neighbouring administrations

2min
page 46

Risk analysis processes in animal disease emergency planning

4min
pages 39-40

Incorporating risk analysis into the contingency plan

2min
pages 41-42

Illegal imports

2min
page 45

Updating disease plans

1min
pages 35-36

Contingency plans and operations manuals

2min
page 32

Public awareness

2min
page 34

A national disaster plan

3min
pages 18-20

Surveillance systems

2min
page 31

Compensation policy

2min
page 30

Factors affecting the frequency, size and length of disease emergencies

3min
pages 14-15

Role of central government, local authorities and the private sector

3min
pages 25-26

The required elements of preparedness planning

2min
page 17

Financing

2min
page 29

The value of planning for emergencies

2min
page 16
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