ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • PANCREAS 1) EXOCRINE PORTION - COMPOUND ACINOUS GLAND - EACH ACINI CONSIST OF 5-8 PYRAMIDAL CELLS THAT SIT ON A BASAL LAMINA AND SURROUND A CENTRAL LUMEN
ACINAR CELLS - BASALLY LOCATED NUCLEI & RER - SUPRANUCLEAR GOLGI ZONE - ZYMOGENIC GRANULES CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN APICAL REGION
CENTROACINAR CELLS - LINE LUMEN OF ACINUS - SECRETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BICARBONATE
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • PANCREAS 1) EXOCRINE PORTION
INTERCALATED DUCTS PANCREAS H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • PANCREAS 2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • LIVER
PORTA HEPATIS PORTAL TRIAD
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • LIVER
- central vein at center - hexagonal in shape - portal triad at corners - portal triad at center - triangular in shape
- short axis: branches of portal triad between 2 classic lobules - long axis: between 2 central veins
- central vein at corners
CLASSIC LOBULE
PORTAL LOBULE
LIVER ACINUS
LIVER
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • LIVER
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS • GALLBLADDER - LOCATION FOR CONCENTRATION AND STORAGE OF BILE
ROUTE OF BILE HEPATOCYTE BILE CANALICULI RT & LT HEPATIC DUCTS COMMON BILE DUCT
FILLING OF GALLBLADDER
URINARY SYSTEM: I
URINARY SYSTEM: I • TO IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM • TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY • TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEPHRON AND THE COLLECTING DUCTS • TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITH FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM • KIDNEY ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND BLOOD SUPPLY - highly vascular (25% cardiac output) - produces urine (water and elctrolytes, urea, uric acid, creatinine), initially an ultrafiltrate of the blood
• URETER • BLADDER • URETHRA
URINARY SYSTEM • KIDNEY 1) EXOCRINE PORTION 2) ENDOCRINE PORTION - synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin (regulation of red blood cell formation) - synthesis and secretion of renin (hormone necessary for control of blood pressure and blood volume)
URINARY SYSTEM • KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION) GROSS STRUCTURE: - RENAL HILUM, PELVIS, AND SINUS C
- RENAL CAPSULE M - RENAL CORTEX - RENAL MEDULLA
URINARY SYSTEM P
• KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION) CORTEX
P
P
P
- region immediately beneath renal capsule - composed of two distinct regions:
P
(1) CORTICAL LABYRINTH (2) MEDULLARY RAY
P P
MEDULLA - located immediately beneath renal cortex - consists of triangular blocks of tissue called the PYRAMIDS - RENAL COLUMNS are strands of cortical tissue that extend down between adjacent pyramids
RC
URINARY SYSTEM
Cortical Labyrinth with interdigitating Medullary Rays
• KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION) P RENAL LOBE - a single pyramid with its associated overlying cortex
P
P
P P
RENAL LOBULE - defined within cortex and involves a single medullary ray (central axis of lobule) with adjacent adjacent cortical labyrinth - defined as a functional unit that consists of a collecting duct and all the nephrons that it drains
P P
URINARY SYSTEM
• THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS 1) THE NEPHRON - distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla a) RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULE CONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOP THICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULE STRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS CORTEX: CORTICAL LABYRINTH 1- RENAL CORPUSCLES 2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES 3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
MEDULLARY RAY 1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING) 2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING) 3- COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS MEDULLA: OUTER ZONE 1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING) 2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING) 3- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING) 4- COLLECTING DUCTS
INNER ZONE 1- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING) 2- COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY) AORTA RENAL ARTERY INTERLOBAR ARTERIES - run between lobes in medulla ARCUATE ARTERIES - run parallel to bases of pyramids at the corticomedullary junction INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES - delineate lateral limits of renal lobules AFFERENT ARTERIOLES - supply blood to glomerulus GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY BED EFFERENT ARTERIOLES - drain blood from glomerulus and form either peritubular capillary plexus (cortex) or vasa recta system (medulla)
RENAL LOBULE
URINARY SYSTEM • BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY) VENA CAVA RENAL VEIN INTERLOBAR VEINS - run between lobes in medulla ARCUATE VEINS - run parallel to bases of pyramids at the corticomedullary junction INTERLOBULAR VEINS - delineate lateral limits of renal lobules
PERITUBULAR CAPILLARY PLEXUS
VASA RECTA SYSTEM
RENAL LOBULE
URINARY SYSTEM
ea G
• BLOOD FLOW (KIDNEY)
G aa
G IA
URINARY SYSTEM • THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 1) THE NEPHRON - distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla a) RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULE CONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOP THICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULE STRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 1) THE NEPHRON - distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla a) RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULE CONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOP THICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULE STRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
2) COLLECTING DUCTS
URINARY SYSTEM • RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
1. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE: - the beginning of the nephron that consists of a blind sac lined with simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with the PCT - parietal layer & visceral layer (specialized) 2. GLOMERULUS: - specialized tuft of capillaries which housed in the capsular space (10-20 capillary loops) - blood flowing through glomerulus capillaries undergoes a filtration process to produce the initial urine filtrate
URINARY SYSTEM • RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
VASCULAR POLE URINARY POLE GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE): 1- fenestrated capillaries; discontinuous endothelium; fenestrae have a diameter of 500-1000Å and lack a diaphragm 2- continuous basal lamina 3- podocytes of visceral layer; processes contact basal lamina and are separated by slits measuring approximately 250Å
URINARY SYSTEM • RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE): prevents RBC’s and large MW proteins from leaving circulation, while most other blood constituents pass easily into the capsular space MESANGIAL CELLS - phagocytic cells with a surrounding matrix that lend structural support to the glomerulus
URINARY SYSTEM • RENAL CORPUSCLE BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE): 1- fenestrated capillaries 2- continuous basal lamina 3- podocytes
PODOCYTE
1째 process
2째
pedicels