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Tan Kong Sau Þfl;lÉ, Si-si LiuFffiffi, Milabel Amar ìf -9, Dominique Muller, Sarah Carmichael
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Share with us your views on our work or actions you've taken for human rights. Please include your name, phone number, address and email address'
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Meeting (lCM) from August 10 to 17, 2007 in Mexico. Delegates from the worldwide movement met to decide Amnesty's direction and policies. This year saw an increase in youth participation as well as many dynamic discussions among delegates from different areas of the world. The ICM is hard work for everyone involved but the Hong Kong delegates returned with
a renewed sense of commitment to Amnestv's mission.
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Soon after our return, we witnessed Myanmar civilians, led by Buddhist monks, peacefully protesting on the streets of Yangon and other cities, followed by a brutal crackdown by the army. At the time ot writing, it has been nearly three weeks since the crackdown and arrests continue. We see
encouraging progress in some areas of our human rights work: the trend towards worldwide abolition of the death penalty continues and a global
moratorium on this cruel and inhuman form
of punishment is
being
presented at the United Nations General Assembly. But the recent blatant violation of the human rights of the people of Myanmar is a salutary reminder of just how much work remains for Amnesty lnternational and all individuals and organizations striving to promote and protect human rights.
I encourage you to take part in Amnesty's actions to protest against the brutal crackdown against the demonstrators in Myanmar. This issue of HR includes a link to Amnesty's worldwide action, calling for the immediate release of the protesters and all prisoners of conscience. Al Hong Kong is also asking members to write to President Hu Jintao, call¡ng on the Chinese
government to take action on Myanmar. A sample letter is included in the magazine - please send it as soon as possible.
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Kong-sau Tan
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Chair, Amnesty lnternational Hong Kong
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Following a steep rise in fuel prices in August, Myanmar sary an escalation in mass peaceful protests nationwide start¡ng fiom21 September 20O7. Led by Buddhist monks, clergy and ordinary people took to the streets, protest¡ng against the government,
and systematic, constituting crimes against humanity.
calling for a reduction in commodity prices, release of political prisoners and national reconciliation.
Amnesty lnternational welcomes the United Nations Security Council's statement calling for concrete action to improve the situation from the Myanmar government. Amnesty urges the Council not only to keep the human r¡ghts situat¡on under close and constant review but also to set a clear timetable and benchmarks for progress.
The numbers of demonstrators increased, with estimates of 10,000 to 100,000. Demonstrat¡ons on this scale have not been seen since the nationwide protests in '1988, which were violently
suppressed by the authorit¡es with the killing of approximately 3,000 peacef ul demonstrators. On 25 Septembe¡ 2007, the authorities began a crackdown on
the protesters, introducing a 60-day 9pm-Sam curfew and
-issuing public warnings of legal action agaiñst protesters. Arrests followed in the former capital Yangon, the second-
lmmediate act¡on is needed
Amnesty calls for the immediate release of the thousands of people detained for participating in peaceful protests, as well as
Aung San Suu Kyi and other long-standing prisoners of conscience. The United Nation's Special Rapporteur on Myanmar must be given prompt and unhindered access to the cou nrry.
biggest city, Mandalay, and elsewhere.
Among those arrested in Yangon were monks, members of parliament from the main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), other NLD members and other public figures. Amnesty lnternational believes these and other detainees are at grave risk of torture or other ¡ll-treatment.
Amnesty lnternational also calls on the Security Council to immediately impose a comprehensive and mandatory arms embargo on Myanmar. Amnesty urges the principal suppliers of arms to Myanmar - China, lndia, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine and ASEAN nations - to prohibit the supply of military and security equipment to Myanmar.
The full extent of the v¡olent crackdown is not yet known. State television reported the killing of at least nine people, eight protesters and a Japanese journalist. This number is widely believed to be an under-estimate. There were reportedly hundreds of injuries.
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meet international standards and torture is common. Even before the current crackdown, over 1,160 political prisoners were being detained.
The Myanmar army has resorted to collective
punishments against ethnic minority groups, such as the Karen and the Chin, who they suspect of sympathising with opposition armed groups. The army has burnt houses and villages, destroyed crops, and forcibly relocated civilians. Forced labour is widely used, as is the use of child soldiers. These violations have been widesoread
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Amnesty lnternational has longwidespread systematic violations of human rights in Myanmar. Peaceful expression of political
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Write to the Chinese authorities urg¡ng them to use theìr influence on the l/yanmar authorities China is a permanent member of the Un¡ted Nal¡ons Secur¡ty Council and has a close relalionship wrth the Myanmar governmenl Please write to Prestdent Hu Jintao lo urge the Ch¡nese governmenl to take action to protect human rights in Myanmar You may also send a copy to Chief Executive
Donald Tsang Please wr¡te in English or Ch¡nese You may use lhe sample Ietter enclosed in th¡s magazine lf you wish to write your own letter. please refer to Amnesly's lelter wr¡ting gu¡del¡nes on http:/iwww amnesty org/campaign/letter-guide html
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President Hu Jintao, c/o Commissioner Lu Xinhua Thè Chineéê Fôiëigä Mínisiry ìn the l-{ong Köng'SAR 42, Kennedy Road Hong Kong Fax: (852) 2!¡OæV34 Email: fmco-hk@mfa.gov.cn Dear President Hu, ôn óóacérui proiéliðrs ov tné i äm writiné to eipiêòs my óonce,n a¡oui tne rrumán iigntó sìiuät¡on in rvtyanmaii iòÍrówins tið vìôreni ðiacüoown persistent reports of torture and are there as detained have been who those of for the safety particularly concerned Myanmar authorities. I am ¡ll-treatment of the detainees.
oi ine ur.r Sècúrity côuñòii ön oitòoei ïiitr, oãöÍðr¡ng tlrir vioience iñ t'avanmai sign that the Chinese government shares the concerns of many individuals around important an was detainees release of for the early calling and followed by sustained action. the world. The statement ¡s a demonstration of the concern of the ¡nternat¡cinal community, and needs to be cniná;é xey ioie in oiatting inó piésí¿eniiar staiemênt isðueo
afìd bénchmerks fÓr Tlre security cóuhc¡l riìüsf kêëp thê hijmân fights sltuâtloñ in Myánmaiundëf cofìsteñt reviëw; ärid sëtâ'ölê¡ri tlrriè'tâblè Aung San Suu Kyi reconciliation, national and genuine dialogue progress with the Myanmar authorities. lf there ¡s to be any progress towards immediately' released protests, to be need peaceful participating in for prisoners detained of conscience, and those and other
Asone of the have.w¡tnesse€l weapons supplied from ovef6eas to the Myanmar governmentbeing.turned againstpeaoeful dêmonstrators, and to Myanmar, China from equipment secur¡ty military and prohibit of supply the government to principal suppliers of arms, I urge the Chinese maintaining peace and stability of interests in the Council, Security in the Myanmar on arms embargo mandatory and to call for a comprehensive in Myanmar and the wider region.
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China is uniquely AJ a permanent member oi tnä sécurity Council, and a country with considerable influence over the authorities in Myanmar, government to make use Chinese the I urge Myanmar. placed to take a leading role in securing a peaceful solut¡on and national reconciliation in actions concrete to take authorities Myanmar put pressure the on to cont¡nue to council of its key position w¡thin the region and ¡n the security theil s¡lllaliol' humal gor.'ltrv. to implg)l9. Jhg l9.ht9 !n Yours sincerely,
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tÊÉr+ËËE{E*ËÉElËf'J Safe Schools: luery Girl's Right November 25 was officially designated as lnternational Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women by the United Nations General Assembly in 1999. Stemming from a growing global movement to end a tragic epidemic that devastates the lives of women and girls, it is hoped that the making of the day will build momentum for action by governments and the general public to stop violence against women.
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Violence against women and girls is a symbol of the historically unequal power relations between men and women that is continued through the tolerance of violence as an acceptable form of behaviour. lt is a grave human rights violation because it v¡olates many other rights, such as the rights to life, health, and treedom from ill treatment. Through the use or threat of violence, women and girls are kept in an inferior position and discriminated against. One consequence of discrimination against girls is the¡r unequal access
to education. Violence against girls may further restrict their access to education. Such violence takes place in and around many educational institutions all over the world. Every day, girls face being absaulted on their way to school. Some are threatened with sexual assault by other students. Others may be offered higher marks by teachers in exchange for sexual favours. Some are caned in schools or beaten in the name of discipline.
Violence aga¡nst girls causes not only fear and pain, but also lowers girls'self-esteem. lt can lead to poor performance at school,
sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and depression. lt damages
both the mental and physical health of viclims and survivors. When violence disrupts or ends a girl's education, the implications for her future employment opportunities and financial independence are serious. Lack of education increases the likelihood that girls will enter into early marriage, which carries risks to their health and even premature death resulting from giving birth before reaching matur¡ty. Lack of educat¡on also makes girls vulnerable to trafficking.
äÈFAË^Ë' /FÊiÉllFgHfüËñJ ÉtËEå . ÈsaË+lüÊ Ê ÊtEiÈffi q' tÈãËÊ#Ê#EE ErÉÈE ÊtËÉ?flÈ# + î ÉeÊË . E ãËæ# kÈffi fr E þ,È *, Ê! çrË Tül++t Ê #Ê .
Education is both a human right in itself and a pathway to the enjoyment of other rights. lt is a key to empower girls and break the cycles of poverty, to propel social and economic development, and to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. States must ensure access to an education free from violence for girls.
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Amnesty lnternational's campaign for safe schools for girls will start on November 25,2007. Al Hong Kong will organize activities to show our concern at violence aga¡nst girls in education and to support the victims and survivors who have been denied educational opportunities and suffered gender-based violence. lf you are interested in participating in the campaign, please contact Si-si Liu at sliu@amnesty.org.
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Amnesty lnternational opposes the death penalty in all cases and without exception believing it to be a violation of the iight to life and the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. The worldwide
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carrying out executions in 2006. Six countries were responsible for 91 percont of these executions: China, lran, lraq, Pakistan, Sudan and the USA.
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The case for abolition becomes more compelling w¡th each pass¡ng year. The death penalty has been abolished by 130 countries in law or practice. Even in Asia, which often seems to buck the abolition¡st trend, there is still hope. ln June 2006 the Philippines abolished the death penalty, and in South Korea,
there have been no executions since 1998 and a Death Penalty Abolition Bill is under cons¡deration.
This trend is further supported by the growing numbers of states adopting and ratifying international and reg¡onal treaties providing for the abolition of the death penalty. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted standards to limit the application of the death penalty and endorsed safeguards to protect the rights of those facing capital punishment. These include the Second Optional Protocol to the lnternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Safeguards Guarantee¡ng Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty.
On 19 September 2006, 95 states signed or joined a statement presented at the UNGA 61st sess¡on "calling upon states that still ma¡ntain the death penalty to abolish it completely and, in the meantime, to establish a moratorium on execu-
tions." A resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions will be introduced at the UN General Assembly 62nd sess¡on, which began on 18 Septembet 2OO7, and is due to be debated in December. A resolution by the General Assembly, the UN's principal organ of universal membership, would constituté a powerful and timely reassertion of member states' commitment to work towards abolition of the death penalty.
The adoption of a resolution will not in itselî prevent a state from imposing death sentences or carrying out executions. But the authority of such a resolution, coming from the body representing all UN member states, will make it much more difficult for states to carry on executing people. lt will pave the way for worldwide abol¡tion.
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favour of the proposed UNGA resolution calling for a global moratorium on executions. Al believes that such a resolution must include the followino elements
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Affirming the right to life and stating that abolition of the death penalty is essential for the protection of human rights; Calling on retentionist states to establish a moratorium on executions as a first step towards abolition of the death penalty; Calling on retent¡on¡st states to respect international standards that guarantee the protection of the r¡ghts of those facing the death penalty; and Requesting thé UN Secretary-General to report on the implementation of the moratorium to the next session of the UNGA.
Note: The draft resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (document A/C.31621L.29) was approved by a recorded vote of 99 in favour to 52 against, with 33 abstentions.
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Human fights are for euerttone: lGBf. aot¡u¡sts maroh for theit righls ln May, around 500 supporters joined Amnesty lnternat¡onal and other groups on a march to celebrate lnternational Day Against Homophobia, the day in 1990 when the World Health Organization removed homosexuality from their list of mental disorders. The theme of the march was "Legislation is the Best Education". Sexual minorities in Hong Kong sutfer from inequalities, as Hong Kong has no law against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. But in Hong Kong, LGBT activists can at least march without fear.
ln other countries, similar activities and marches
were
carried out.
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Pride marchers in Latvia were luckier. At Riga Pride in June, more than 400 people, including Amnesty members from more than I European countries, demonstrated their support for the rights of Latvia's LGBT community. Thanks in part to lobbying etforts by Amnesty, part¡cipants could march in safety knowing the police were there to protect them from attack. But for the previous two years the march had been banned as a securitv risk.
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Safeguard all individuals right to freedom of peaceful
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14th anniversary of the decriminalization of homosexuality in Russia. Local activists were joined by overseas supporters, pop stars and several Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). The march had previousljr been banned by the Mayor of Moscow, who called it, "a work of Satan".
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The organizers of Moscow Pride were marching to mark the
The marchers tried to deliver a petition to the Mayor, demanding the right to hold a public march. During their
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"l attended a peaceful picket ... and could not bel¡eve the violence and aggression with which Pride activists were met on Sunday outside the Mayoi's off¡ce." Amnesty lnternational's Russia researcher describing the verbal and physical attacks on LGBT activists in Moscow, May 2007.
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tion Centre, where 180
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it is to live as a refugee. On September 6, 2007, the
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Refugee Group invited prominent local artist, Evelyna Liang Kan to speak about her experiences creating art work with Vietnamese asylum seekers. During the 1970's and 1980's, many Vietnamese fled to Hong Kong and in 1991 there were more than 64,300 Vietnamese asylum-seekers in detention camps. The last camp closed in May 2000. The AIHK Refugee Group would like to thank David Begbie of Crossroads for organizing a wonderful simulation event and for providing an extraordinarily good "slum lunch", The Group also wishes to thank Ms Liang for sharing her personal thoughts and feelings with us, as well as the haunting and beautiful art work of the Vietnamese asylum seekers. lf you would like to join the AIHK Refugee Group or know more about group events please contact us at: http://groups.google.com/group/ref ugeeaihk. To read the full text of AIHK's World Refugee Day statement, go to: http://www.amnesty.org, hk/html/modu les/news/article.php?story id=64
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Amnesty lnternalional holds the ICM every two years to rev¡ew, plan and decide our human rights work. ln August 2007, Amnesty members from all over the world, sharing a common vision of human rights for all, met at Cocoyoc, Mexico. Delegates at the meet¡ng agreed that inequality, impunity and poverty are urgent human r¡ghts challenges in the world today. Amnesty lnternat¡onal's leaders commitled themselves anew to our major campaigning focus - the prevention of v¡olence aga¡nst women. We also aff irmed our ¡ntent¡on to work for universal respect for sexual and reproductive rights.
The ICM also marked the one-year countdown to the Beijing Olympics, 2008. We agreed to intensify our campaign around the Olympics over the next year, to hold the Chinese government and the lnternat¡onal Olympic Committee (lOC) accountable to their pledge that holding the Games in Beijing will help to develop human rights in China. To stay true to our mission to stand up for the marginalized,
Al has acknowledged that promoting the dignity of people who by reason of poverty and prejudice have least access to human rights is Al's most pressing task.
lf we want to be effective in addressing these human rights challenges, Amnesty needs to grow both in membership, money and diversity, and act to address human rights problems as "One Amnesty." Amnesty needs to increase its presence, effectiveness and impact more in the Global South and East, where the most pressing of human rights abuses occur, if it is to be true to its m¡ssion, and remain relevant in today's changing world.
decisions made in the lCM, please call
AIHK on 2300 1250
or ema¡l
admin-
hk@amnesty.org.hk. Read Amnesty's Open Letter to Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, protest¡ng against recent attempts by the
Beijing police to extend the use of Reeducation Through Labour (RTL) and
other forms
of
ounilive administrative
detention, in the lead-up to the Olympics: http ://web.amnesty.org/library/l ndex/ENG
ASAl 70202007
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Issential Bighls
Sexual and ffe[roiluctiue Rights Amnesty lnternational's "Stop Violence Against Women Campaign", launched in 2OO4, has exposed terrible widespread injustices against women. These include the use of sexual violence as a weapon against women ¡n armed conflict, which can result in unwanted pregnancy Al's recently adopted policy on sexual and reproductive rights supports the right of women to safe and accessible
abortion, and treatment for complications arising from abort¡on, in situations where they are victims of sexual violence.
Provide access to legal, safe and accessible abortion in the case of an unwanted pregnancy as a result of rape,
sexual assault or ¡ncest, or if the pregnancy poses a risk to the life or grave risk to the health of the woman;
I
Provide access to quality services for management of complications arising from abortion;
. Provide
comprehensive sexual and
reproductive health services lor women and men, consistent with the right to seek and receive ¡nformation and ideas of all
kinds, recognizing the fact that
such
information and services will help prevent unwanted pregnancies and abort¡ons.
Amnesty recognizes that states have the right to ¡mpose reasonable gestational limitations on access to abortion serv¡ces: in olher words, governments may place time limits on women's access to abortion within certain months of pregnancy. Within this context, Amnesty calls upon governments to:
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Amnesty opposes impr¡sonment
or
other
criminal penalties for abortion, which may result ¡n women being sent to prison for seeking or having abortions As a human rights organization, Amnesty cannot remain s¡lent in the face of the suffering of women
and its work on sexual and reoroductive rights is thus a principled and pragmatic
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