人權 2008年7月 Human Rights July 2008 by Amnesty International Hong Kong

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E H++fi á8ffi ãËâÊ Amnesty lnternational Hong Kong EsË D ã ã Ë nË)ËAäffi 32-36ffi E ñJ Unit D, 3/F, Best-O-Best Commercial. Centre., 32-36 Ferry Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong È€ff Tel : (+852) 2300 1250 ËH rax; (+852) 27820583 ffi til Web: http://www. amnesty.org. hk EES Email : admin-hk@amnesty.org.hk

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Share with us your views on our work or actions you've taken for human rights. Please include your

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name, phone number, address and email address.

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activist Hu Jia was convicted of "inciting subversion of

state" and sentenced to three and a half years in prison as well as one year of political rights deprivation. Another actlvist, Yang Chunlin, who is a land rights activist; was also convicted of a similar otfence

on 25 March 2008 and sentenced to five years in prison. Ye Guozhu, a housing rights activist who protested against forced eviction in Beijing, has been serving a four-year sentence s¡nce 2004. Ye's son and

brother, Ye Mingjun and Ye Guoqiang were detained on suspicion of inciting subversion of the state on 29 September 2007. Although both were released, they

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l-ì \,ln 3 April 2008, prominent Chinese

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were warned not to speak to the med¡a, nor to continue

petitioning'.

These individual cases of human rights defenders show that the Chinese government's pledge to make progress on the human rights situation through hosting

the Olympics remains unfulfilled. ln fact, activists who peacefully speak out for human r¡ghts causes are at risk due to the "clean-up" by the Chinese authorities

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before the Games. While the countdown for the game

continues, Amnesty is also counting on your urgent attention and action to urge the Chinese government

to real¡ze the pledge. Many prisoners of conscience worldwide risk their f

reedom and even life to speak for their rights and also

defend the rights of others. ln Myanmar alone, there

are more than '1 ,500 prisoners of conscience. Aung San Suu Kyi, one of a large number of prisoners of conscience in Myanmar, has been under strict and prolonged house arrest since 1989. Amnesty lnterna-

tional is calling for the immediate and unconditional release of Aung San Suu Kyi. We cannot turn a blind eye to the numerous violations

of human rights. Please join us in the action

and

become an urgent-action letter writer to help defend the rights of human rights defenders.

Kong-sau Tan Chair, Amnesty lnternational Hong Kong

1 4ë/Se" "Amnesty lnternational, People's Republic of China: The Olympics Counldown - crackdown on act¡vists threalens to Olympics legacy, 31 March 2008, Al lndex: ASA 17|O5O|2OOA."

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A Moroccan who was jailed for creating a Facebook profile of a prince has been released from prison. Fouad Mourtada, a

26-year-old lT engineer, was freed on 18 March, 2008 after being pardoned by the king.

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Fouad Mourtada had been given a.three-year prison term and fined 10,000 dirhams (US$1,320) in February for creating a profile of Morocco's Prince Moulay Rachid on Facebook. He was convicted after a.trial in Casablanca.

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Two Amnesty lnternational delegates observed the trial. They said they were concerned that the trial failed to satisfy international fair trial standards.

As early as in 2001 during the bidding process of the Games of 2008, the Chinese authorities had indicated to the lnternational Olympic Committee

We Want Human Rights, Not Olympics [sic] movement. The tr¡al began in February. Yang was sentenced to five years in jail. His family has said he had been subjected to reoeated torture and assaults in prison.

ttiat hosting the Games would "help promote all economic and social projects and will also benefit the further development of our human rights

cause" in China. Human rights organizations all over the world have been lobbying for the Chinese authorities to honour its promises. During the National People's Congress Standing Committee session in October 2O07, lhe Beijing Olympics

Committee renewed its pledge, saying, 'Îhe Olympic preparations have promoted and will continue to promote human rights causes in China'.

Yet, in the last seven years the human rights record in China has clearly worsened. Amnesty lnternational has found that many human rights defenders are imprisoned as the government is "cleaning up" the city's image with the approach of the Olympics. The situation has deteriorated since August 2007 as crackdowns have been staged to prevent any activities to be held in October 2007

at a time of the Communist Party's five-yearly congress. Freedom of expression and spece to exchange information freely on the internet are be¡ng threatened. Here are two examples:

Yang Chinlin was arrested in June 2007 on charges of "inciting subversion of state powe/'. His

offence: exposing

the illegal

occupation of

farmlands by the government in the c¡ty of Heilongjing provinoe, drawing tens of of farmers and unemployed people in a

He subsequently initiated tþe

conditions of those who are violated and/or discriminated against. He has been calling attention to the human rights Situation in China. He was arrested in December 2007 on ,,inciting subversion of state power'' and was given a jail term of three the charges of and a half years on April 3, 2008. According to the lnternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, everyone has the right to hold opinions without interference. ln order to prevent governments from justifying unreasonable limitations on freedom of expression and freedom of information in the name cjf national security, the Johannesburg Principles provide. that only when the expression is intended to incite imminent violence may such expression be Subject to restrictidn. As such, neither Yang nor Hu should have been subiected to any punishment for their acts. The Constitution of China also states that its citizens have the right of access to news and information as well as the right to publish. Neither Yang nor Hu violated any Chinese law or international conventions; what put the two in prison was political motive.

Amnesty lnternational has been archiving and exposing news of prisoners of conscience, lobbying governments and internat¡onal organizations (such as the lnternational Olympic Committee) to use their influence to persuade the Chinese authorities to honour its promises made on improving the human rights conditions in China.

lf you are interested in more stories on the Olympics and human rights, please visit: am nesty. org/e n/news-and-u rights-legacy-beijing-olympics-20080401

http://www.

if you would like to receive

Please email the HK office at admin-hk@amnesty.org.hk ¡nformation on upcoming activitias and news from us'

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Street Demonstrations: Olympic Legacy-China's Choice As throngs of people made their way through the busy streets of

Causeway Bay and Mongkok some weeks ago, Amnesty lnternational Hong Kong sought to raise awareness of the relationship between the upcoming Beijing Olympics and human rights. The organization passed out pamphlets to pedestrians and encouraged supporters to stamp large banners promoting progress in the field of human rights. While some passers-by criticized the demonstration, saying it amounted to "over-

politicizing" the Olympic Games, many people praised the efforts of AIHK. Knowledge of ongoing violations - specifically within the realm of freedom of expression, fair trial for detainees, capital punishment and treatment of human rights defenders -was enhanced by the participation in the street action campaign. Men, women and children from different backgrounds came out and took photographs in front of the banners, and "chopped" the

seal reading "Olympic Legacy" in either English or Chinese. Amnesty lnternational hopes that by discussing the issues and informing the public of recent human rights violations in both China and Hong Kong, they can make a stronger push for change in the region.

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What does Hong Kong lack to fulfill its self-proclaimed role as the "Asia's World City" when it comes to protecting the rights ot its LGBT residents?

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bill that, if passed, would make it the first Asian nation to embrace marriages between people of the same sex.

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The Government of Hong Kong has shirked its obligation for protect¡ng the rights of its LGBT citizens, saying that surveys it conducted in 1995 and 2005 show a lack of support in the community at large towards enacting legislation for LGBT rights

Despite maintaining its long held position which does "not

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recognize... any same-sex relationship" , the Tsang's adminis-

tration has, at press time, a change of heart suggesting the inclusion of same-sex cohabitation couples in to Domestic Violence Ordinance Amendment in the next legislative year. Whether or not such is a move ¡n order to avoid any breach of constitution and possible and costly lawsuits is debatable, it is nonetheless a small step towards to right direction.

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^t" "lt was immoral and unjust for those who were not victims of discrimination to decide not to pass legislation lo protect the aggrieved persons." Legislative Councilor Lau Chin-shek

Around the world, Gay Pride will be celebrated with festivities and community events. Held in commemoration of the Stonewall Riots, which themselves started as a protest against discrimination and violence against gays in New York City, Gay Pride has

Merely scratching the surface on such matters, the Government has demonstrated a weak political will to make progress in the LGBT arena, wh¡le consistently forgetting that ii is this very group of people who-lacking the support from the major¡ty, as suggested by the surveys it had commissioned-deserves legal protection from any kind of discrimination. ln order to become a responsible and caring government under its goal of "strong governance", The Government of Hong Kong ought to carry out more deliberaled interviews and research to pinpoint where the problems lie, to highlight the discrimination and prejudice faced by many day after day, and to ensure that human rights are enjoyed by all, not just by the majority.

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become a catalyst for the modern gay movements worldwide

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which celebrate diversity, tolerance and justice.

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The movement asserts that LGBT persons should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity; that sexual diversity is a gift; and that gender identity is inherent and cannot be intentionally altered. The world has progressed a long way: from having homosexuality removed from the lnternational Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization in 1990, to the increased number of those holding high ranking posts in the private sector, public otfice, or the entertainment industry coming out and being open

about their sexual orientations, to various

leqislations

safeguarding the rights of LGBT people.

All of this is happening at our doorstep: Japan elected its first

to serve in Tokyo's municipal assembly. Even China, which currently has no openly transgender politician

anti-discrimination legislation (or law criminalizing homosexual activities), has declassified homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. Although the Gender Equity Education Act is not progressive enough for some, Taiwan has been even cohsidering the presentation the presentation of a same-sex marriage

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Article 1, Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance Bill of Rights shall be enjoyed without dìslinction of any kind. such as race. color. sex "Men and women shall have an equal righl to the enloyrrenl of all civil and political rights

Article 26, lnternational Covenant on Civil

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prohibit any drscrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection agarnst discriminallon on any grouno

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While Hong Kong is undergoing an extension of free education from 9 years to 12, spare a thought for the numerous girls who are deprived of the basic right to education in a country that is constantly in the news. The 1S93 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women defines gender violence as any act of vlolence that

takes place solely because of one's female identity. Thus,

the University of Basra for not wearing the veil. Female teachers and pupils in Basra schools have also been harassed when found without covering on their heads. Such threats have also been reported from campuses in other parts of lraq. At Mosul University, leaflets were c¡rculated in October 2004 warning women of "a terrible fate" if thev did not wear the veil.

subservient role in societies and limits their chances of acquiring

Seemingly minor activities such as choosing one's own clothes are an important element of individualism. Restricting women to only one style of clothing is an absurd violation of freedom of expression. The underlying message is, "those who defy the 'rules' shall be punished!" Not only do such practices limit women's r¡ghts to education and to work, they also restrict freedom of religion.

knowledge and skills. This in turn limits their participation in society, in the economy and in politics. Such an env¡ronment perpetuates inequality and discrimination; it encourages a "male dominant tradition", with females being treated as inferior. One place where all of this is being illustrated in a deeply saddening manner is lraq:

Lawlessness, continuing killings, abductions and rapes have shrunk women's freedom of movement and their ability to get educated and to work. The general lack of security in lraq has forced many women out of the public space, tak¡ng away their most fundamental rights.

violence against women not only includes physical and mental harm or psychological torture: denying women equal opportunity in education, restricting their liberty, meting out discriminatory treatment purely on the basis of gender are all considered kinds of violence. Such violence reinforces women's "traditional"

Vian Kiryakus, a Christian student waiting in front of the university to be collected by her father, was reported as saying: "l have no choice but to wear the veil; the terrorists are watchinq and targeting the unveiled girl students". Pamphlets found on campus declared: "lf the boy students don't separate from the girl students, the college will be bombed. Any girl student who does not wear a veil will have their face burned with chemicals." Some girls of the 12th grade class at a high school in the neighborhood of AlZayoona said: "We want security and peace so we can pursue our careers in peace." By October 2004 the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research was reoorted to have learned of about 3,000 women students in Baghdad requesting a postponem-ent of their studies because of the security situation. Even girls who do go to school have been subjected to ¡ncreasing pressure to wear a headscarf or veil since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein'S government. Women and girls at universities and schools have been harassed and threatened. Female students reported intimidation by members of lslamist groups at

ln order to eliminate violence against women, the government has to ensure that "norms" and beliefs -- historic, religious or cultural -- will not be used to justify practices of discrimination against women.

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Do we have any habit or belief which we have laken for granted in the

gender slereotyping? For example: women are to run the family er:ands while rren are the money maker? Dictated by traditional values': Femin¡nrty prescr¡bes softness to lenderness while mascul¡nity dictates slrength sturdiness and toughness

Care Pay attent¡on lo violent incidents happenrng locally and all over the world Ask questions: For example why do vict¡ms of mistreatment happen to be mostly lvomen or children?

Participate Take part in Amnesty lnternat¡onal's activitÌes and in those of olher human rights organisations express and share your views lf you are interested in learning more about the Stop Vrolence Against

Women (SVAW) campa¡gn, please conlact S¡-si Liu

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(Htein Lin)

ln August 2007, peaceful demonstralions in Myanmar (formerly Burma) began, sparked by sharp increases in fuel prices. Led by monks, the protests grew rapidly in size and number. Demonstrators called for a reduction in commodity prices, the release of political prisoners, and a process of national reconciliat¡on to resolve deep political divisions.

On the evening of 25 September, the authorities began a crackdown on protesters. At least 700 people arrested during and since the September

protests remain behind bars, and more than B0 people remain unaccounted for since the September demonstrations. For decades, human rights violations in Myanmar have been widespread

and systematic. Abuses include forced labour and the use of child

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soldiers. Laws criminalize peaceful express¡on of ideas and most senior opposition figures are imprisoned or deta¡ned. people are frequently

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arrested without warrant. Torture is common.

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Artist Htein Lin was just one of many political prisoners held in Myanmar. ln 1998, he was arrested and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment, on the

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basis of a letter from a friend inviting h¡m to take part in political activity, which Htein Lin had not even received. At a talk hosted by Amnesty lnternational, Htein Lin described the terrible conditions endured by prisoners in Myanmar, and his determination to continue painting in prison.

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Before the 2007 protest, there were already 1,1S0 political prisoners in detention in Myanmar. The best known of these prisoners is Aung San Suu Kyi, who has been under house arrest for 12 of the past 1 I years. Her release is long overdue. Please take part in Amnesty's worldwide action to free Aung Sau Suu Kyi and all other political prisoners in Myanmar.

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: se_asia@amnesty.org.hk To get involved in Amnesty lnternational's South-East

Asia group, please email the coordinator

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Bangkok

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The Tibetan Autonomous Region (Tibet) has been in the news s¡nce March, following the Chinese author¡lies' crackdown on protesters. lnilial protests on March 10 appear to have been peaceful, but were reportedly suppressed wilh excessive use of force by the police, in violation of the demonstrators' right to peacefully express their views. Later protests

turned violent, with some individuals being attacked by protesters because they were believed to be Han Chinese. Amnesty condemns such attacks and acknowledges the Chinese authori-

ties' right and duty to protect all individuals against violence. But the organization

extremely concerned

reports

excessive force,

arbitrary detentions and intimidation against the Tibetan protesters by the authorities.

Hundreds of people were detained in response to the unrest, and could face torture and other ill-treatment by China's security forces. Global experience shows that torture and human rights abuses tend to flourish in an environment of secrecy. Amnesty is extremely concerned about the fate of those detained. The lack of information on Tibet and the surround-

ing areas not only made it difficult to confirm reports, but was also a betrayal of otficial promises to ensure "complete media freedom" in the run-up to the Olympics.

ËËñ€Eflã' Ëñ^RC*ü¡EÉËfi lbetans look at the Ch¡nese riot poliæ slanding in lormat¡on at a Ch¡neæ army compound ¡n Xiahe, Gmsu Province, China. @Andy Wong/AP/PA Photo

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As an impartial and independent human rights organization, Amnesty lnternational neither supports nor opposes calls for Tibetan independence. Amnesty's concern is that the human rights of all those living in

Tibetan areas are respected, in accordance with international standards. The Chinese authorities must allow independent UN investigation into the events in Tibet and lift the long-term restrictions on human rights monitoring in the area. Read Amnesty's report, "People's Republic of China. The Olympics count-

down

crackdown on Tibetan protesters", ASA 171050/2008.

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studied by the Bills Commitlee, and non-governmental organizations, 'academics and individuals concerned with the Bill's enactment have likewise subjected it to strict scrutiny. Many flaws in the bill have been identified. However, four issues have been identified that are considered

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3. exempt¡ons with respect to language and education; and 4. exemption based on nationality and residency status., The present bill's definition of discrimination does not at all comply with

Hong Kong's obligations under the lnternational Convent¡on on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to prohib¡t discriminatory

effects. lt thus fails to fully implement the 2001 recommendations made by

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Race Discrimination Bill (RDB) in the Legislative Council. lt is now being

effectiveness. lt even legalizes some discrimination on the ground of race.

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Finally in December 2006, the Hong Kong Government introduced the

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The provisions that are of concern weaken the bill and in effect permit unjustifiable racial discrimination. This shows the government's lack of political will to commit to the principle of equality and non-discrimination,

and its lack of concern in fulfilling its internat¡onal human rights obligations.

The RDB provides less protection from discrimination than

exist¡ng

legislation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex, disability and on the ground of family status. The bill itself even discriminates against race

since the word "race" as ¡nterpreted by the government is limited and

therefore does not address the discrimination'faced by people coming

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group. This is a serious setback to the development of anti-discriminat¡on laws in Hong Kong.

The RDB paves the way for government abuses and would justify existing

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racially discriminatory policies and practices. lt is much weaker than the three existing anti-discrimination ordinances, namely the Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO), the Disability D¡scr¡minat¡on Ordinance (DDO) and

the Family Status Discrimination Ordinance (FSDO). The RDB should show that the HK Government is ready to combat discrimination and to promote racial equality and harmony. But, despite the efforts of the ditferent NGOs, academics and other concerned groups, the government

Èt-ffifi +' EH{+*tÆÊ(ãË)e:ÌüFEA+å (tÉh-rr#fr€É rtiïRFHa\É!)

SSÉÞi!ñÆ ' BÊ{EËdtãHF,ë* .

ln the July 1 rally, Amnesty lnternational HK demanded HK Govemmenl to fulf¡lf ¡t's obl¡gations underlhe lnternal¡onal Convention on the Eliminat¡on of All Forms of Rac¡al D¡scr¡m¡nalion and amend the Race Discrimination B¡ll

.#ÆH##ËtÄÊffijrt

has shown itself willing to make very few amendments to address the concerns raised. This signals the lack of will on the part of the government to honor its commitment under the international convention. There is great

fear that instead of abolishing discrimination, the RÐB will end up institu:

*For more information, please visit our web-site: http://www.amnesty.org. hk/html/resource_list.php

tionalizing racial discrimination.

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nn 15

***.urnr,esty.org.hk

EHffiüffiffi Amnesty lnternational HH++tráEffiE-ffirËùÉÈf!#fË,fllF5T.Êi*qÆfilr{ÆEfütÊHËÊÉ!}ËÊt,ffiRËjäl{+&,ù'Êtñ.Rtfr656;¡'rx9

+Ì lF5 ++ lÊÍ Æ e å ô ffi r- +F " Et Jt fr tr m üÉ È # ä ft fr Éq r tF Ë æ # Ë É 4 " ^ Amnesty lnternational is an independent organization, we do not accept any donations from governments or political parties, but depend largely on the generosiTy of the general public to fund our human rights and lifesaving work. Therefore, your generous support is very important to our work. ++

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