The Journal of the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
The
Building Economist
THE mega ISSUE
FEATURING reaching for the sky does size really matter? – P10
working the boom
The future of the mining industry – P19
north west rail link is it the right answer for sydney? – P24
september 2012
Mark the date in your diary for the Construction Industry event of the year
The Infinite Value Awards Gala Dinner Awards Presentation Ceremony Supported by Brookfield Multiplex
Thursday 15th November 2012 Maia, Docklands, Melbourne VIC
Tickets go on sale Thursday 4th October – 9.00am (EST) Visit www.infinitevalueawards.com for more information and to purchase your tickets. PRINCIPAL PARTNER Brookfield
SPONSORS
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MULTIPLEX . .
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COVERFORCE WALTON'
~ BWESCOPE snEL
The
Building Economist
10
16 19
IReaching NSIGHT for the sky
The cultural phenomenon of “keeping up with the Jones’” is worldwide and is highlighted by the need to have the title of world’s tallest building. More and more buildings are reaching unprecedented heights but is there such a thing as too tall? Emma Marshall investigates whether size really does matter when it comes to building up.
24
Is there a massive skill shortage in
Is mining the Saviour?
The chequered history of the proposed rail link to Sydney’s north western suburbs mirrors that of the city’s wider struggle to solve its transport woes. It is a history littered with the failure of government to deliver solutions to increasingly congested roads and an inadequate public transport network. Lynne Blundell investigates.
Managing Editor Jenna Harfield Executive Editor Emma Marshall Art Director Julian Brown - Nose to Tail Chief Executive Officer Michael Manikas
Has this industry saved Australia from a recession? Adam Walker explores the sector that has put Australia on the map.
Bonnie Rando Leys chats to some of the faces behind the mining industry
working The boom
to discover what it is really like to work the boom and what the future holds for one of Australia’s most profitable industries.
02 07 08 30 REGULARS 32 35 sept 2012
CO N T E N T S
north west rail link
the mining and resources industry?
SNAp SHOT
FROM THE CEO
Nuts & bolts
SOCIAL
QS KIT
BUILDING COST INDEX
Contributions Articles relevant to construction economics and related subjects, pictorial material, letters etc are welcome. No responsibility is accepted for unsolicited material. All contributions should be addressed to the editor: Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, National Office, Level 6, 65 York Street, Sydney NSW 2000.
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Tel: (02) 9262 1822 Fax (02) 9279 1400
Cover: 1 Bligh, Sydney. Architect: Architectus and Ingenhoven QS: Rider Levett Bucknall
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Circulation Over 4,500 copies General and Advertising Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, National Office, Level 6, 65 York Street,Sydney NSW 2000. Tel: (02) 9262 1822 Fax (02) 9279 1400 Email: editor@buildingeconomist.com.au Artwork as a PDF is preferred. ISSN 0007-3431 Designed and printed for the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (ACN 008 485 809) by Nose to Tail Pty Ltd
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 1
SNAPSHOT
MELBOURNE NAMED MOST LIVEABLE CITY P
erfect scores for infrastructure, education
The Economist Intelligence Unit’s liveability rating
and healthcare have helped Melbourne hang
quantifies the challenges that might be presented
on to the title of the world’s most liveable city for
to an individual’s lifestyle and each city is assigned
the second year in a row.
a score for over 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across five broad categories – stability,
The survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit put
healthcare, culture and environment, education,
the Australian city above 140 others, with Vienna
and infrastructure.
taking second place.
2 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
SNAPSHOT
MONASH UNIVERSITY DOWN TO FIVE
DUBAI’S FIRST GREEN BUILDING NEAR COMPLETION
Australia’s Monash University has short listed five firms in a
According to the UAE Government, work on Dubai’s first green
competition to design a $150m Law, Business, and Economics
building in the public sector is near complete. Housing the Dubai
Complex at the University’s Caulfield campus. The five finalists,
Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), the building takes up
drawn from nearly 40 submissions, are ARM Architecture, Denton
around 340,000 square feet and is equipped with high efficiency
Corker Marshall, OMA and Donovan Hill, Grimshaw Architects
insulation features and smart building systems.
with NMBW and Kerstin Thompson Architects, and McBride Charles Ryan.
With the ability to generate 600kW of electricity using solar power, a water saving of up to 45 per cent by recycling the building’s
Submissions were assessed against the selection criteria, which
sewerage water, and a 50 per cent energy saving through the use
included the demonstration of high-quality building and urban
of LED lighting, the building aims to raise the profile of green
design, the delivery of high levels of functionality and environmental
buildings in a luxury city.
sustainability, and sound project management and practice resourcing. A winner will be announced in October.
FINAL STAGE OF NT’S BIGGEST ROAD CONSTRUCTION TO START
CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN AUSTRALIA THIRD HIGHEST IN THE WORLD
A funding agreement between the federal and Northern Territory
Building surveyor firm EC Harris Built Asset Consultancy has
governments has enabled the planning work on the final stage of the
ranked Australia as the third costliest nation for building and
‘largest ever’ road construction project in the Northern Territory.
construction in its 2012 International Construction Costs report – behind Switzerland and Denmark.
The construction work on widening a 12-kilometre section of Tiger Brennan Drive between Berrimah Road and the Darwin
Moving up the list from last year’s fifth position, the change is
CBD will begin next year, with the federal government stumping
partially due to large-scale cost blowouts in resource projects,
up $70 million for the project while the territory government will
and that both wages and input costs have risen every month for
contribute the remaining $33 million.
at least the past two years, reflecting the trends in the broader global economy.
Referring to the federal investment as ‘a vote of confidence in the territory’s future’, federal Transport Minister Anthony Albanese
Outside of economic factors, the report indicates another significant
says completion of the fourth and final stage will reduce congestion
issue impacting cost rankings was the need to respond to natural
and travel times between Darwin and Palmerston, and provide
disasters. Costs in Australia, New Zealand and Japan rose by
better access to the port.
13 per cent, seven per cent and 20 per cent respectively following the devastation caused by earthquakes, tsunamis and major floods. View the full report at echarris.com/publications
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 3
SNAPSHOT IN BRIEF
BHP POSTPONES OLYMPIC DAM EXPANSION A
RICE DAUBNEY & WOODS BAGOT JOINS FORCES FOR DEFENCE PROJECT Rice Daubney and Woods Bagot have announced that they will jointly tackle masterplanning, architecture and interior design services for Defence projects set to cost over $100 million. The joint venture aims to provide a greater access to key
round 6,000 construction jobs, 4,000
resources such as specialist staff and
ongoing jobs and 15,000 indirect
technology.
jobs have been affected by the recently announced postponement of BHP Billiton’s
“When two firms of this calibre work
proposed $US30 billion expansion of the
together it is not just the client who
Olympic Dam open pit in South Australia.
benefits from the combined experience but there are things to be learned from
The company says, however, that the
one another in order to build upon our
postponement does not mark the end
own knowledge of the defence field,” said
of the project, and BHP Billiton adds
Graeme Smith, Principal, Rice Daubney
they will investigate an alternative, less
recently.
capital-intensive solution involving new technologies to substantially improve the
Both Woods Bagot and Rice Daubney
economics of the project.
have worked in collaboration with other practices on major facilities such as in health projects, convention centres, retail projects, but this is their first foray in to the area of defence.
ABIGROUP JOINS FORCES TO LAUNCH KWADJET KOOL Abigroup, in partnership with Western
Meaning ‘go forward’ in the Aboriginal
Abigroup’s participation in the initiative
Australia’s Department of Indigenous
Noongar language, Kwadjet Koorl will
includes on-site training and supervision
Affairs, the David Wirrpanda Foundation,
recruit, train and provide support to
for the participants as well as the
RMS, Ochre Personel and GLH, have
around 20 trainees across diverse roles
opportunity for on-going employment when
launched a new initiative that will
in the construction industry each year
the program is completed.
provide end-to-end training, support and
ranging from plant operators to business
employment opportunities for indigenous
administration personnel.
individuals in the Pilbara.
4 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
SNAPSHOT IN BRIEF
Home sweet home
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY OPEN NEW LEED GOLD BUILDING
Monash University Student Housing complex, Clayton
A
LEED Gold energy research building at The University of Kentucky has been
declared open. The 43,000 sq ft volume was funded by $US11.8million in federal funds, $US3.5million from the Commonwealth of Kentucky, $US1.9million from the University itself and $US3.5million from the Department of Energy Development and Independence to ensure that sustainable design features were incorporated into the concept.
BVN WINNING INTERNATIONAL AWARDS
As well as providing a base for research into renewable energy, the design is highly sustainable, with an exterior and roof with twice the amount of insulation normally used and windows with a nanogel material
Australian architects BVN are showing
winners at the awards conducted by the
that diffuses sunlight and provides the same
just what Australia can do, recently taking
Chicago Athenaeum and The European
insulation as brick walls.
home five International Architecture
Centre for Architecture Art Design and
Awards in just one month.
Urban Studies.
The BVN designed Monash Student
In addition BVN’s Robina Hospital
Housing complex at the Clayton campus
Expansion was awarded two Design and
of Monash University was the only
Health International Academy Award High
Australian building to receive a prestigious
Commendations, one for interior design
International Architecture Award when the
and the other for sustainable architecture
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
at the Design and Health World Congress in
recently announced the winning projects
Kuala Lumpur.
in their 2012 International Award program. Mr James Grose, BVN National Director, The Brain and Mind Research Institute
noted ‘It is a tremendous confidence
(BMRI) in Sydney and the Puckapunyal
booster for Australian architects, to have
Military Area Memorial Chapel in
Australian designs being recognised at the
Puckapunyal, Victoria were announced as
highest levels internationally’.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 5
efficient • productive • conduit Master Builders Association NEW SOUTH WALES
Conduit Recruitment - The Preferred Choice Conduit Recruitment are the preferred recruitment agency for the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors and the NSW Master Builders Association. In partnership with these organisations we provide: • Recruitment services to builders, consultants and developers – see our website for our sectors and strengths • Advice on recruitment matters and HR solutions within the construction industry • Salary surveys within NSW - 2012 salary survey to be released soon • Sponsorship of various events including AIQS Annual Dinners, AIQS CPD Events, the NSW MBA Excellence in Construction & Apprentice Awards, NSW MBA Excellence in Housing Awards and many others • Seminars on relevent industry issues such as OH&S, Staff Retention, Recruitment Strategies, Emerging Trends, Economic Forecasts etc
For further information on our services or any sort of advice please call us – we are here to help. Ask for Adam Walker or Greg Ford.
For all our current vacancies see our website www.conduitgroup.com.au Call: 02 9929 7224 recruitment@conduitgroup.com.au
FROM THE CEO
The Mega ISSUE I
s big always better? Well at the
The main issue with this is that residential
a project but then use the rate against
moment it seems that big projects
prices are flat or falling as well as office
an alternate version of GFA created by a
in particular in the infrastructure and
rents and retail rents. Therefore the income
local council, they may find themselves in
resources sectors are the only thing
for the developer is falling and the costs
a situation where they have excluded any
keeping the global economy afloat.
are still rising.
allowance for basement car parking or
This is generally only due to the fact that
This situation is forcing builders to submit
GFA. Costs guides can be useful resources
China has maintained GDP growth around
tenders with extremely low margins to
but can also be very dangerous in the
10% since it dropped from its recent peak
try and get projects off the ground, which
hands of the uneducated.
in 2007 of 14.2%. For Australia that has
in turn increases the risk of further
meant that our economy is being buoyed
subcontractor and head contractor
This is why the AIQS have been lobbying
by the continued strong growth in China.
insolvencies.
all the state and territory governments on
areas excluded from the council version of
China is Australia’s No.1 export market with approximately 27% of all exports heading to China. The main goods being exported to China are Iron Ore and Coal. Similarly many other resource- rich nations have a strong economy backed by exports to countries such as China. The USA’s main exports to China are Food, Electronics and Transportation Equipment, but these items have not been strong enough to soften the crash of their economy over the last few years. These “mega projects” have brought with
The AIQS believes it is the right timing for COAG to announce they are conducting a review on construction costs and productivity and hopefully by the continued lobbying by the AIQS we will have a Quantity Surveyor as one of the three people selected for this panel.
the importance of the Quantity Surveyor’s role in achieving the best value in a project whether it is a government or private client. We have also been highlighting the ways in which a Quantity Surveyor can reduce the risk on a project and create a more certain outcome. Based on the rich and diverse projects and professionals that have come through the nomination process for the Infinite Value Awards, it is clear to see that our members have been adding value to some of the country’s most impressive projects and builds. It’s about time, therefore, that we
them some inequality into the global
The fact that non resource based projects
markets in relation to the cost to build as
are not as buoyant as the resource sector is
give QS’ the voice they deserve.
well as the cost of skilled labour. Many
even more of a reason for clients to ensure
countries are suffering from a two or
they use the services of an AIQS Quantity
more speed economy. There is a strong
Surveyor. Best value for the client needs to
infrastructure and/or resource sector but
be a top priority to make the project stack
other traditional building sectors such
up. This can only be achieved by in depth
as commercial, residential, retail and
involvement of the Quantity Surveyor from
Michael Manikas
industrial are struggling to make projects
the inception of the project brief.
Chef Executive Officer
Regards,
stack up. Labour costs and wages in the mining sector are pushing up wages in the
Some councils choose to create their own
other sectors but this growth is currently
version of “Gross Floor Area” (GFA) in lieu
unsustainable. Similarly the demand on
of that mandated by the AIQS. If a developer
materials in this sector is also pushing up
chooses to carry out early estimates based
material prices for traditional projects.
on rates out of Rawlinson’s, or some other cost guide that refers to the true GFA of
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 7
NUTS AND BOLTS
Australian tall buildings versus the world’s
Tallest buildings in the world
This graph shows Australia’s tallest buildings in comparison to the world’s tallest buildings. There is no absolute definition of what constitutes a tall building. The Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitats (CTBUH) uses three categories to classify what is tall: height relative to context, proportion, and tall building technologies.
Tallest buildings in Australia
120 Collins Street
Eureka Tower
Q1
Location
Location
Location
Melbourne
Melbourne
Taipei 101 Gold Coast
Location
Taipei, Taiwan
Completion 1991
Completion 2006
Completion 2005
Completion 2004
Height
265m
Height
297m
Height
323m
Height
509m
Storeys
52
Storeys
92
Storeys
78
Storeys
101
8 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
800
Top 10 cities with the most skyscrapers
700
600
200
120
155 Toronto
Seoul
229 Shanghai
123
236 Dubai
Bangkok
282 Chicago
134
344 Tokyo
Singapore
569
300
New York City
Hong Kong
400
1,224
500
Continents with the most skyscrapers Asia
North America
4,245 [ 52%]
2,653 [ 33% ]
100
0
Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel
Burj Khalifa
Africa
Europe
Location
Location
83 [ 1% ]
554 [ 7% ]
Completion 2010
Oceania
South America
299 [ 4% ]
300 [ 4% ]
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Dubai, UAE
Completion 2012
Height
828m
Height
601m
Storeys
163
Storeys
120
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 9
INSIGHT
REACHING 10 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
FOR THE SKY The cultural phenomenon of “keeping up with the Jones’” is worldwide and is highlighted by the need to have the title of world’s tallest building. More and more buildings are reaching unprecedented heights but is there such a thing as too tall? Emma Marshall investigates whether size really does matter when it comes to building up.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 11
INSIGHT
IN
downtown Dubai the world’s tallest building, Burj Khalifa, stands at
an impressive 828 metres (2,716 feet) and more than 160 stories tall. It is a world record holder – from the tallest free-standing structure in the world and highest number of stories, to the highest outdoor observation deck in the world as well as the elevator with the longest travel distance – needless to say it now stands as the one to beat.
Take the composition of the One World Trade Centre, currently under construction to replace the World Trade Centre that was destroyed in the terrorist attacks on September 11th. There are some who will say that once finished, it will be the tallest building in the U.S and third tallest in the world, but only if you count the 408 foot tall needle that will sit
Is it really a competition? It seems to be.
on top of the tower. If you don’t, then it will
Look around the world and find numerous
have to settle for second place behind the
buildings springing up and reaching
Willis Tower in Chicago.
new heights previously believed to be impossible. In fact, the competition is so
There is no absolute definition of what
fierce that there is even a debate in what
constitutes a tall building. The Council
constitutes a tall building.
of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitats (CTBUH) uses three categories to classify what is tall: height relative to context, proportion, and tall building technologies. Height relative to context focuses on the perspective of the building to its surrounding areas, whilst proportion considers the height of the building in comparison to its floor area. Finally, if a building contains technologies such as structural wind bracing that are attributed to tall buildings, then this building can be classed as a tall building. Now great heights are being achieved within the built environment, with more and more buildings reaching in excess of 800 metres (2,600 feet) and grabbing the label of “supertall”, but is there such a
Petronas Towers, Malaysia
thing as “too tall”?
12 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
According to the recent recipient of the CTBUH Awards’ Fazlur R. Khan Lifetime Achievement Medal, Richard Tomasetti, (Consultant and Founding Principal of
Credit: Gensle
Thornton Tomasetti), “tallness is in the eye of the beholder”. As the structural engineer behind some of the world’s tallest buildings including Taiwan’s Taipei 101, the World Financial Centre in New York, Plaza 66 in Shanghai, and Malaysia’s Petronas Towers, he does not believe that restrictions need to be placed on how tall we can go. “The tallest building currently being designed is the 1,000 meter Kingdom tower in Jeddah, by Adrian Smith+Gordon Gill Architects and Thornton Tomasetti as structural engineers. Structurally we could still go somewhat higher. But let’s remember that limitations are a function of time, dependant on current knowledge and materials. Today’s limitations may be tomorrow’s starting points.”
The competition is so fierce that there is even a debate in what constitutes a tall building. However, limitations do present themselves in the form of restrictions from local zoning regulations. A lesson learnt by another winner at the 2012 CTBUH Awards, 1 Bligh in Sydney, created in partnership between DEXUS Property Group, DEXUS Wholesale Property Fund and Cbus Property. Named the regional winner of best tall building – the first in Australia – 1 Bligh was restricted from going taller by the protection of some public spaces in Sydney from overshadowing.
Shanghai Tower, China
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 13
INSIGHT
So building up makes economic sense. With space in major cities getting tight and increasing the urban land costs, as well as the knock on effect of attracting large tenants, the dollars stack up. With more and more tall buildings popping up, and the competition for the world’s tallest building heating up, is it all for economic gain or is ego involved? “Typically you can justify building up to 60 to 70 story buildings on economic analysis alone. Above that usually requires some other reasons,” says Whilst planning controls determine
Mr Tomasetti. “Development reasons
maximum height, they also
to bring attention to a city and attract
determine maximum area, and Tony
commerce and tourists; and ego!”
Gulliver, Regional General Manager, Developments at DEXUS recognises this
Looking at the latest tall building,
as just as important.
The Shard in London, it is a fine
1 Bligh Street, Sydney
With more and more tall buildings popping up, and the competition for the world’s tallest building heating up, is it all for economic gain or is ego involved? “Land in the core of CBD’s is a very
balance between so called “ego” and
valuable commodity,” Tony tells BE.
the attraction of commerce. Now the
“Tall buildings respond to the need
tallest building in Western Europe,
of maximizing the income that can be
standing at 310 metres (1,016 feet), its
derived from a piece of land in prime
95 stories - comprising of office space,
locations. Certain large tenants want to
residences, restaurants, a five star hotel
be in the core of a CBD and tall buildings
and a viewing gallery have already been
are the result.”
labelled an “icon”.
14 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
1 Bligh Street, Sydney
Speaking at the inauguration of The Shard on 5 July 2012, current Mayor of London Boris Johnson called the building “a towering illustration of London’s
With these sort of challenges facing
determination to beat the recession
them, it is no surprise that many of the
and spur economic growth ... a huge
impressive tall buildings changing the
commercial magnet, pulling in scores
landscape of cities all over the world
of new businesses and offering vital
are a culmination of years of design and
employment opportunities for thousands
construction. Whilst The Shard was a 12
of people.”
year journey, 1 Bligh was the result of ten plus years hard work.
Maybe a little bit of ego is needed to build up. Whilst it might make financial sense,
Tony Gulliver recognises that 1 Bligh was
it is also not without big challenges. From
“a difficult build” and took a substantial
cross wind accelerations causing the
amount of time and planning, involving
uncomfortable perceptibility of motion for
a design competition and a focus to
its residents, to the dynamic behaviour of
push the boundaries of sustainability.
elevators and creep and shrinkage effects
All competition entries had to provide
for concrete and mixed construction, the
a robust and viable cost plan, and the
list of challenges can seem endless.
project’s Quantity Surveyor had to check compliance with the established budget
In spite of this, engineers and architects
parameters.
are working together to overcome these possible setbacks. One of the
However, he also believes that it has “set
best examples of this is the 632 metre
a new benchmark for premium quality
Shanghai Tower. To minimise the dynamic
CBD office space in Australia and even
effects of wind the shape of the building
the world!”
was “tuned” and this tapering, twisting shape reduces crosswind overturning
And that is what it is all about. Setting
moments by 60% compared to an
a new benchmark that the rest of the
equivalent prismatic box tower design.
world can admire and drive an industry
It’s also about building down. The
is completed in 2018, Kingdom Tower in
foundations of the fifth tallest building in
Jeddah will become the tallest building
the world Petronas Towers in Malaysia
in the world and once again shake the
are 30 percent of the total height of the
foundations of an evolving sector.
to keep moving forward – and up. When it
building to overcome the predicament of constructing on a non rock type of
What does the future of the tall building
soil conditions.
look like? Well, it definitely hasn’t peaked.
“Tall buildings respond to the need of maximizing the income that can be derived from a piece of land in prime locations. Certain large tenants want to be in the core of a CBD and tall buildings are the result”
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 15
Is Mining the SavioUr? Is there a massive skill shortage in the mining and resources industry? Has this industry saved Australia from a recession? Adam Walker explores the sector that has put Australia on the map.
16 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
offshore gas platform Sunrise over an offshore platform, off the North West Shelf
T
here is no doubt that the resource industry is a big part of Australia’s GDP and it is what we are known for. Put in simple
terms, other countries want our “stuff”, especially China. Despite all of its media attention, however, the mining industry on its own doesn’t actually employ that many people. Is the so-called mining boom nothing more than hot air and if so, what does that mean for the wider construction community? Well, if you consider the below data, mining clearly does not rate highly in the grander scheme of employment in Australia:
Our biggest employers:
Health and care:
1.2 million
Retail trade:
1.18 million
Construction:
1.0 million
Manufacturing:
972,000
Our smallest employers:
Real Estate and rental:
197,400
Arts and recreation:
193,400
Mining and exploration:
179,400
Electricity, water & gas:
136,300
In fact its position is somewhere down toward the bottom of the list. It must be said, however, that these figures don’t take into account the people employed by the companies that support the mining organisations like; EPCM contractors, consultants and project management companies, but still as an industry the people pull is small. That does change, however, when you include all the support companies, the supply companies, and the industries that grow as a result of the mining profits (such as the real estate and developer businesses in WA and QLD, for example). When you take into consideration all the flow on scenarios, including the infrastructure that grows around the projects, then the employment picture is actually pretty substantial. The point is that on its own mining doesn’t employ that many people but as an economy generator and economy supporter, it does. In fact on the recruitment website, seek.com.au a significant 20-30% of all the jobs advertised are related to the mining, resource and associated industries. The trickledown effect, it seems, is what makes this sector such an influential one.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 17
The Skill Shortage
Another medium sized mining company
another level. They cannot afford to NOT
Conduit recently spoke to the National HR
we spoke to commented that more than
have that person in that seat!
Manager of a global EPCM company that
60 per cent of the company’s 59 staff are
supports many engineering based sectors
FIFO workers, and added that they will
The disparity between mining and building
including mining in Australia.
have to continue attracting staff from
is also widening because the building
elsewhere in the country to keep pace
industry is shrinking at the moment. Its
On the subject of skill shortages in the
with the rapid expansion. That is a very
time for another stimulus for the building
resource sectors he said that it is no
particular staffing problem – as they
industry perhaps!
more pronounced than other industries
consequently have a whole administration
or other instances in the past, where
team dedicated to dealing with the
Job Market Disparity
quality skilled technical personnel are
accommodation and flights of the entire
This skill void is apparently being filled
required. It’s that old adage, good people
staff base! Once again this demonstrates
by offshore workers and the government
are always hard to find. He added that
the spin offs from the mining expansion
has been running “Skills Australia Needs”
there are certain professions such as
are numerous and GDP generating.
job fairs in a dozen countries, including America, UK, India, China and the Philippines, since 2005 and pre-screens
on its own mining doesn’t employ that many people but as an economy generator and economy supporter, it does.
applicants to certify they’re qualified for the job, justifying their visa. Most of these workers come to Australia via a “temporary skilled migrant” program and would be sponsored by companies. The government currently is issuing about 90,000 such visas a year, allowing a worker in for up to four years. This job market disparity issue should
Project Control Engineers (or Planners as
Are Salaries Higher?
surely be on the federal government’s
they are also called) that are particularly
The remote locations are one reason the
radar, we would hope. Surely Australia’s
difficult to source, but this is also the case
salaries are higher within these positions
mining industry should not fix the
across other non mining industries, as
compared to commensurate positions in
unemployment problems of the world at
these specialist skills are scarce generally.
the city. It’s got to be worth the hardship.
the expense of its own population.
However, these positions are always
The hours are much longer; if you are going
eventually filled as offshore candidates or
to work a 12 hour day non stop for 4 weeks,
The perks and downfalls of Australia’s
candidates from other non mining sectors
with only a week off in between, then you
mining profession are well documented and
can be utilised.
will want to be well compensated.
as an industry its influence on the economy
He went on to elaborate that a major factor
This is not to say that salaries in the
are diverse, exciting and in many cases,
affecting the staffing of mine sites was
mining industry are not at a level above
financially beneficial to the individual, but
their remote location. Most of the jobs that
the building and non mining sectors.
like with all things, this does not come
are difficult to source are from the age
For certain scarce professionals, large
without its drawbacks. Whilst not quite the
groups 32 to 45 and this age demographic
resource companies can afford to pay
saviour it certainly has given the Australian
will usually be settled into family life. Not
salaries above those offered by builders
profile a much needed leg-up, and if there
many people will want to uproot the family
and consultancies. With certain hard to
is anything to be learnt from its model it is
to live in a remote location or commute via
find technical positions there is definitely a
that in the end “getting your hands dirty”
a “Fly in and Fly out” arrangement (FIFO
large disparity in the potential earnings.
and hard work always prevail.
cannot be ignored. It offers roles that
for short) which would be just as unsettling to family life. This is always going to be a
The shortage in these particular
problem as resource sites and projects are
professions drives up the salaries but the
not located near large cities.
large mining companies can take it to
18 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
Working the boom With profitable outposts in some of the toughest locations on the planet, Australia is a major player in the global minerals industry. Mining these minerals has kept this country stable in what are unstable times. BE chats to some of the faces behind the mining industry to discover what it is really like to work the boom and what the future holds for one of Australia’s most profitable industries. By Bonnie Rando Leys
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 19
L
ove it or loathe it – mining represents a huge part of Australia’s
Hard at work
identity. Since gold was first discovered in a waterhole near
Bathurst, New South Wales in 1851, the country’s mineral wealth
Drilling at Binjour, Queensland
has been uncovered in volume. As exploration continues to be fruitful, it seems Australia truly is the ‘lucky country’. According to the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA), Australia is the world’s leading producer of iron ore and bauxite; the second largest producer of alumina, manganese and lead; the third largest producer of brown coal, zinc, nickel, uranium and gold; the fourth largest producer of black coal, aluminium and silver; and the fifth largest producer of tin. The export of all of these minerals was worth $136 billion to Australia last financial year, whilst technical innovation has also placed Australia at the forefront of mining system supply, with an estimated 60 per cent of the world’s mines operating with Australian-made and designed software.
Creating highly skilled professionals and future leaders is a critical priority for an industry with so much at stake. Now a major pillar of our economy, directly employing 187,400 people in mining projects around Australia, and a further 599,680 in support industries, mining contributes approximately $18 billion in national wages and salaries, $35.2 billion on new capital investment, $5.7 billion on exploration and $4.2 billion on research and development. With a skills shortage on the horizon, it is predicted the industry will require an additional 77,500 workers by 2015, including professionals, managers, tradespeople and operators. “The developing world transformation continues to deliver sustained demand growth, but capturing this means growing
Creating highly skilled professionals and future leaders is a
volumes ... It’s widely accepted ... that price declines are more
critical priority for an industry with so much at stake. The growth
likely than further price increases. Therefore, delivering new
of Australian mining then, is not isolated to the deposits under
volumes will be key to capturing the benefits of future demand
the earth, but to the people working to retrieve them. So what it
growth,” notes MCA Chief Executive, Mitchell Hooke.
is like for those who work in mining?
20 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
What is the best part of your job?
How have you seen the mining
We are fortunate that AECOM has a wide
industry change over the last
range of projects in Australia and around
couple of years?
the world. One week I’ll be in a client’s
Mining top level management seems
office in Mongolia, the following week
to have put a greater emphasis on cost
I’ll be putting together a proposal for a
management, its importance in any
project in Argentina.
given project and overall the value for money cost management offers. Most
James Sneath
Lead Estimator for Mining – NSW, Davis Langdon, an AECOM Company
Since James joined AECOM as part of the Davis Langdon merger, he’s been helping mining clients better manage their costs. The merger has seen both companies extend their traditional services with Davis Langdon expanding into the mining sector and AECOM clients having access to Davis Langdon’s proven cost management
We’re busy with local mining projects, and
mining clients are dealing with project
are fortunate that global mining clients
construction costs in the millions and
have respect for Australian capability and
billions of dollars. It’s imperative that
so steer expressions of interest here.
their funding is accurate and managed professionally. AECOM’s traditional
“In 10–15 years, I see mining heavily influenced by environmental management with most top-tier mining companies having strong environmental teams as part of core management.”
services as part of its integrated offering. What are some of the challenges
planning and design services provide
James cost manages a variety of projects in
of working in mining?
a strong foundation of knowledge for
Australia and abroad. When Davis Langdon
Initially, it was understanding the business
expanding our cost management services
was acquired by AECOM, he was given
as there are many differences between
to mining.
the opportunity to work within its mining
mining projects and traditional building
business and he hasn’t looked back.
projects. As ever, finding skilled resources
How do you see the future of
can be hard; recruiting the right Quantity
mining?
Surveyor for traditional projects is difficult,
Generally, I see mining companies
let alone one with a mining background.
elevating cost management to a far higher position and possibly managing projects
What is the best piece of advice you
for clients. I also see it becoming less
could offer someone wanting to
labor intensive. In 10–15 years, I see
get into mining?
mining heavily influenced by environmental
If you get the chance give it a go, no
management with most top-tier mining
matter what your level of experience. Most
companies having strong environmental
companies will be interested in anyone
teams as part of core management.
from grad level onwards. If you put the effort in, you should see the rewards.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 21
What does your job entail?
(design and scheduling) and assisting and
In my current role I report to the Chairman
supporting the Underground Managers
and CEO, however I mostly communicate
in their roles of running the mine. Then
with the company’s geologists and review
the time came for me to step into the
projects from an operational viewpoint.
Underground Manager’s role. It was a
I investigate resources from a mining
steep learning curve.
perspective, looking at every aspect of potential operations – the operating
What does the future hold for the
and capital costs ... development and
mining industry?
production schedules, [as well as]
Someone once said if you are already
manning and supply requirements.
thinking about something then it’s already invented. So with society expecting more
Lee Rossetti
How did you get into mining?
of “zero harm” in industry, then that is
When I was a high school student my
what it will get. With greater innovation
family took in young men that came
in communications and mechanics I see
Carpentaria Exploration Limited
to Broken Hill to gain experience. One
less and less exposure to harm than we
of those chaps spent time with me
have now.
Raised in Broken Hill and surrounded
explaining all that he thought I needed
by out-of-town mining students eager to
to know about geology and the mining
Non-entry methods of mining, along with
break into the industry, Lee has always
industry in general. I was a bit of an earthy
a huge advancement in remote mining
been interested in mining. As a child
person anyway. I felt most comfortable
technology will be the target. “Play Station”
he built his cubby houses underground,
underground.
scenarios that our kids find so easy and
Special Projects Manager,
while friends constructed theirs in trees.
natural will be the way people will be mining
Graduating from Flinders University as a
After graduating as a mining engineer,
in the future. All this is with us now but the
Mining Engineer in 1978, Lee has worked
I was asked by the company to come up
crude bits will be knocked off in the future,
in mining for 40 years. During that time he
from underground and join the mining
to be much more refined.
has seen the industry evolve as he took on
engineering team in the office. I did
different roles below and above ground.
the rounds … in order to gain practical experience in surveying, ventilation, rock mechanics (geotech), mine planning
22 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
What challenges do you face
How do you see the mining industry
working in the mining industry?
in the future?
Political and community opposition towards
We have some surprises ahead. The
mining – an industry that helped build our
mining industry peaked in the first half
nation and better our standard of living –
of 2012 and will steady-up over the next
can be challenging. So is operating in a
5 years as projects get delayed. Some
scientifically-managed and responsible
mines are currently losing money and
manner, under the strictest controls of any
need to be modified or closed completely.
industry, but it’s a something worth doing and worth doing right.
Ian Levy
CEO & Managing Director, Australian Bauxite Limited
As Chief Executive and Managing
“Construction of petroleum and major infrastructure will remain fairly solid but nothing like the levels predicted by government figures”
Director, Ian Levy oversees the strategic plan, implementation and management of
How have you seen the mining
Construction of petroleum and major
Australian Bauxite Limited (ABx). Holding
industry change over the last
infrastructure will remain fairly solid
the core of the Eastern Australian
couple of years?
but nothing like the levels predicted
Bauxite Province – 29 tenements across
Bulk commodities have been the big
by government figures. Exploration in
Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria
growth story. Rising prices due to China’s
Greenfields projects is waning strongly,
and Tasmania totalling more than
industrialisation led to massive growth in
just as governments are making it harder
7,000km2 – ABx is one of Australia’s
profit margins during late 2005 to mid 2008.
to explore in a vain attempt to appease the
largest mineral exploration companies.
vocal minority in the farming sector. Since 1980, I kept saying “China is coming” and when Wen Jiabao became Premier
Business executives have to sense what
of China in late 2002, I knew he was a
is really happening in business now and
mine geologist who believed China had to
in the medium-term. Thankfully, we
secure a supply of raw materials from the
have a reserve bank that looks at leading
Pacific Basin. That was the day the global
indicators so we should watch it closely.
mining industry changed and now when Wen Jiabao retires later this year after 10 successful years, it will be a watershed moment for the Australian Mining Industry.
With profitable outposts in some of
We watch with baited breath.
the toughest locations on the planet, Australia is a major player in the global minerals industry. Our pool of high quality and skilled construction professionals will continue to position Australia ahead of the game, and help the country to continue to fight back against the GFC. The future of mining is changing and it is time to unearth the talent.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 23
North West Rail Link Is it the right answer for Sydney? By Lynne Blundell
The chequered history of the proposed r ail link to Sydney’s north western suburbs mirrors that of the city’s wider struggle to solve its tr ansport woes. It is a history littered with the failure of government to deliver solutions to increasingly congested roads and an inadequate public tr ansport network.
24 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
North west rail link
The new system is expected to work alongside suburban double deck trains and intercity trains
Now, after numerous incarnations, the North West Rail Link is once again on the agenda, the NSW government making it a central platform for its long term transport plan for Sydney and NSW. Following his victory in the NSW state election in March 2011, Barry O’Farrell announced that one of his key priorities was to start construction of the North West Rail Link. Described by the NSW government as the biggest Sydney transport project since the Harbour Bridge was built 90 years ago, the North West Rail Link project will cost between $7.5 and $8.5 billion and take five to six years to build once the tunnel borers are in place. It includes: • Eight new railway stations in the North West at Cherrybrook, Castle Hill, Hills Centre, Norwest, Bella Vista, Kellyville, Rouse Hill and Cudgegong Rd • 15.5km of twin tunnels between Bella Vista and Epping – the longest and deepest rail tunnels ever built in Australia • A 4km Skytrain viaduct section from Bella Vista to Rouse Hill • 4,000 car parking spaces for commuters. There was a design consortium selected for the project, which includes AECOM Australia, Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia, Cox Architects and Grimshaw Architects. This provided a team of more than 100 civil engineers, architects and transport experts to flesh out and test the design options for the project. The consortium also includes Cox Architects, Grimshaw Architects and Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia. NSW Transport Minister Gladys Berejiklian told BE that the North West Rail Link will, for the first time, deliver a heavy rail transport service to Sydney’s fastest-growing region. “The population of the North West is expected to grow by more than 200,000 to more than 600,000 over the next 40 years,” Ms Berejiklian said. “One of the clear aims of the North West Rail Link is to get people out of their cars in the heavily congested North West, which has one of the highest rates of car ownership per household in Australia.” Ms Berejiklian said the new line will offer a fast commuter service with a train every five minutes at peak times and modern, fast, single deck trains between Cudgegong Rd and Chatswood. About one third of customers are expected to get off before Chatswood at major employment and education precincts like Macquarie Park, Macquarie University, Norwest and Chatswood itself.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 25
North west rail link Map showing the proposed railway stations in the North West
The new system is expected to work
But the project has met resistance from the
allocated to the Epping to Parramatta rail
alongside suburban double deck trains and
federal government and the independent
link, be diverted to the North West Rail Link.
intercity trains. The Epping to Chatswood
advisory body Infrastructure Australia.
rail line will be converted for the new single
The NSW Greens have also been critical of
In its recent report to COAG, Infrastructure
deck trains and customers will interchange
the government’s plans to use single deck
Australia said there needed to be further
with the existing network at Chatswood.
trains on the line, citing capacity issues
analysis of options for Sydney’s north west
From Chatswood, there will be a peak hour
and incompatibility with the rest of the
public transport strategy.
train every three minutes to the city.
rail system. National Infrastructure Coordinator, Michael Deegan, told BE that until further
“The aim of this PPP is to deliver better services for customers and better value for money for taxpayers.”
details of the project are received from the NSW Government, Infrastructure Australia’s would not recommend the project for federal funding. He hoped the NSW government’s forthcoming transport plan would provide this. “Infrastructure Australia recognises there is
Planning work to extend the line from
So far Commonwealth funding has not
a transport challenge in north-west Sydney
Chatswood to the Sydney CBD via a second
been forthcoming and the project was
that requires attention. As yet, we have not
harbour crossing has also started.
not included on Infrastructure Australia’s
seen enough to be convinced that the North
2012 priority list for infrastructure funding.
West Rail Link is the right response to that
Ms Berejiklian said the project would
More recently, Infrastructure NSW has
challenge,” Mr Deegan said.
support more than 16,200 jobs during
raised questions about the likelihood of the
construction and inject $25 billion into the
second harbour crossing being built.
NSW economy, with the NSW Government
One sticking point is having an interchange at Chatswood, which Infrastructure
investing $3.3 billion in the North West Rail
The federal government also knocked
Australia says could risk reduced
Link over the next four years.
back Premier O’Farrell’s request that $2.1
patronage of the line.
billion worth of federal funding, previously
26 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
“One option to deal with this issue might north shore, although this would add to
Counting the Costs
the cost of an already very large project.
Part of the integrated North West Rail Link project team, Darren Munton,
We would want to see well documented
Director at Turner & Townsend, talks about the role of the Quantity Surveyors
patronage, operational, cost and other
on this project and what this means for Sydney.
be to extend the project further down the
studies to assess the ‘value for money’ of such a proposition,” Mr Deegan said.
What is the role of Turner & Townsend on this project? Our role in the team is cost manager for the project. We are preparing the capital
Community interest in the project has been strong.
cost estimates for inclusion in the business case, carrying out a quantitative risk assessment, establishing expenditure profiles and assessing the impact of escalation over the duration of the project. What has been the highlight of this project for you? North West Rail Link is one of the biggest and most exciting infrastructure projects currently happening in Australia. Playing our part in helping to overcome the
With Sydney growing to a population of
challenges that all projects of this size and complexity present is a key highlight for
between 6–7 million in the next 30 years,
Turner & Townsend’s team.
and much of that growth occurring in western Sydney, Mr Deegan said the city
What have been some of the challenges on this project?
might be better served by a north west
Working with the rest of the project team to find the most cost effective solution and
link that can build up Parramatta as a
getting maximum value for money from the government’s investment. This means we
second CBD.
are continually assessing the commercial impact of different design considerations as the design is evolving. In addition, the project is progressing rapidly so making sure
Ms Berejiklian said the North West Rail
we hit the project milestones for our key deliverables is critical.
Link would go ahead with or without federal support. “The NSW government
What will the NWRL mean for Sydney?
has clearly stated that this project is a
The project will contribute significantly to the continued social and economic
fully-funded priority infrastructure project
growth of North West Sydney. It will provide businesses, residents and visitors with
which is not dependent on any federal
improved travel choices, reduce the reliance on private transport and improve the
contribution,” Ms Berejiklian said.
environmental sustainability of the area.
Community interest in the project has been strong, she said, with more than
“The tender process has started for the
Ms Berejiklian said the first two contracts
4000 people visiting the project information
first major construction contract – the
would be design and construct contracts
centre or phoning the information line over
multi-billion-dollar tunnel construction
funded by the NSW Government. The
the past year and 51,000 people logging
between Epping and Bella Vista. Early
contract for rail systems, trains and
onto the project website.
construction work starts later this year – so
operations is planned to be a Public Private
the major construction sites are ready for
Partnership, subject to ensuring it delivers
More than 500 people attended eight
the delivery of the tunnel boring machines
value for money for the taxpayer.
community information sessions during the
in 2014 as scheduled,” Ms Berejiklian said. “The aim of this PPP is to deliver better
public exhibition period earlier this year and over 40,000 locals received invitations
Three major contracts are planned for the
services for customers and better value for
to make a submission.
project. They are:
money for taxpayers. The NSW Government has always stated that fares on the North
A dedicated project office has been set up
• Tunnelling
West Rail Link will be determined the same
within Transport for NSW to prioritise the
• Surface construction works
way as the rest of the Sydney rail network,”
project, with more than 17 major tenders
• Rail systems, trains and operations.
Ms Berejiklian said.
and 37 key contracts awarded so far.
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 27
SOCIAL
YQS relaunch Party 8 august Shirt bar, sydney
Shirt Bar, Sussex Lane, Sydney
Irena Kuzman, Jing Kong, Autumn Lu and Corey Farrell, MBM
28 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
SOCIAL
Ni-kola Austin and Sam Trickett of Lend Lease and Nicholas Hailazidis of Probuild
Luke Foster, MBM and Andrew Harfield, GHD
THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 29
SOCIAL
16th Annual PAQS Conference
Pacific Association of Quantity Surveyors Conference Opening Ceremony
7–10 July, Brunei darussalam
National President, Gary McDonald presenting Dato Isahak (representing RISM), with an AIQS boomerang at the gift ceremony
Team Building Exercise at the PAQS YQS Group Conference
If you have held or attended an AIQS event in your area and want to feature it in the Social Pages please send the event details and photographs with the names of who is in the picture to editor@buildingeconomist.com.au
30 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
SOCIAL
QS KIT
The Awards Dressing Special
The Cufflinks
The Sunglasses
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32 – THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012
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THE BUILDING ECONOMIST – september 2012 – 33
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