B R I N K
T E R R I T O R I E S Multivision
ENERGETIC CURIOSITY
AKS HEY S HAH 4 1 4 9 7 5 7
Location Linconshire borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north it is one of the larger counties. Its main source of income is still agriculture and fishing and the energy sector.
1
Agriculture
Agriculture and wind farm coexisting, Cattle horse and sheep are grazed on these lands without affect. The relatively small base of the turbine allows for maximum grazing area for Agriculture.
2
Religious History
The religious history of architecture dates back to the Norman invasion, the images are at all saints salt fleet and show a 15th century church.
3
A Place to Retire
Louth as well as many other towns in Lincolnshire have seen an aging workforces with most young people moving to where there is more opportunity
4
Tourisum
Tourisms has been a large industry for the coast of Lincolnshire since the 19th century although since air travel numbers have dropped and only a seasonal industry exists with serious need of development.
5
Regional Analysis
This maps illustrates our photographic analysis of a section of Lincolnshire. The red line represents the route taken, where the Letters I(industry ) A(agriculture) T(tourism) we saw a distinct pattern where tourism mainly existed along the coast and industry shared the middle ground inland between the coast and the agriculture. Tourism came in the form of camping and caravan parks or holiday camps like Butlins. The sea towns of Mablethorpe and Skegness are considered towns with a large dependency on the seasonal tourism. Industry mainly comes in the form of natural gas and oil refining. Lincolnshire is connected to the main North Sea pipelines and the ideal pace for large energy corporations such as Centrica and Conco Phillips to set up industry. Home to the new emerging renewable energy sector for the same energy corporations are beginning to develop wind energy. Agriculture, Lincolnshire has always been known as the bread basket of the UK, provided most of the UK grown foods. The flat land and well-drained area make it an ideal place for agriculture.
6
Visual Impact
The image above shows out to sea off the coast of Mablethorpe, if you look closely at the horizon line , you can see hundreds of offshore wind turbines called Lynn and Inner Dowsing, only completed in late 2008. This site has become the route of controversy for the last couple of years for this tourist town with mixed opinions about these large mega structures. Below is the Conco Philips owned gas terminal 10 miles north of Mablethope. It is located near the north sea pipeline terminal. This is a low lying gas terminal although the scale of the terminal is extraordinary, there a 4 gas terminals along the coast of Lincolnshire.
7
The image shows a number of things about the coast of Lincolnshire. The pre 60’s built buildings that sit on the beach promenade that is in apparent need of a modern renovation. From the images, you can see the seasonal nature of the tourism, the majority of businesses are close during mid day and most the shops do not open in winter. The Concreae steaps that elevate the promentade from the beach is a clear example of flood barrier mesurements. Considering the distance to the sea line in the shot is quite distant it can be assumed the tidal range in Lincolnshire is large and giving the right circumstance, flooding can become an issue. The photo is taken sitting on a groin drain designed to prevent long shore drift from eroding and shifting precious sand from the tourist beaches. In some cases, there is evidence of beach nourishment as large portions of the original flood defense are under the dredged sand. The drain also provides a discrete ways of removing the drainage water from the large dike drainage network
8
Historical Horizon
Dodger land
A Pre Historic land mass that existed, bridging England to main land Europe. This connection remained until about 6500BC where the north sea engulfed the entire land mass when sea levels rose after the melt of the last ice age. It was said Humans from the Neolithic period inhabited this once forested land. These early European settler would have been of a hunter gathering origin. Excavation and reports given by the Gas Companies have records of man made objects such as spear heads.
9
Invasion
Once the bridge to mainland Europe closed off, it wasn’t until 100AD when the romans invaded Britain. The Romans came to England through the east coast which was ideal due to the flat nature of that land and it difficulty to therefore defend. Making the low gradient beaches a good place to land ships. After the romans came the Saxon and Viking invasions for island supremacy. The Normans even came in 1066 century building stone churches throughout the country.
Industry
The industrial movement started in the late 18th century, in Lincolnshire growth was in the fishing industry. In 1845 when the port of Grimsby opened up there were very few boat of which were sailboats with restricted range. The first steam driven boat began to emerge along side the railway industry. With the addition of a railway to get goods in and out of Grimsby, the port began to grow. The same year the famous Dock tower was built Grimsby has 22 permanents Vessels and by the late 19th century, there were 112 vessels permanently stationed at the port. The industrial fishing industry peaked and trawlers were depleting the local fishing reserves and the boats needed to go further out to sea, the limitation was the steam engines and the dry store of coal.
Air Raids
During the war the royal dock in ports Grimsby was used as the UK main base for north sea minesweeping even some of the Ex trawlers went with the assistance of the royal navy to remove mines from the water this dangerous job resulted in 2385 lives lost. on 14th June 1943 Grisby and Clethorpes had an air raid , 196 people lost there lives. Several 1,000 kg bombs, 6,000 incendiary bombs and more than 3,000 Butterfly Bombs fall in the Grimsby area. During the War the dock tower survived the bombings.
North Sea Oil & Gas
During and post war England was left to rebuild and repair the damages from the war. Mass production and the use of energy in general due to automation and a growing reliance on transport and industry resulted in an Oil boom in the 1950. North sea Gas and oil was flowing and Britain took advantage of its local resource to help rebuild England. This post war utopian was propelled by fossil fuels and he fishing industry was no exception new desil powered boats were capable of going as far as Iceland to find large fishing reserve’s. This mass fishing in Iceland’s water cased what was know as the COD wars between british fisherman and the Icelandic coast guards.
North Sea Oil & Gas
Now the Horizon is now full of hundreds of wind turbines, there scale is unimaginable with some new turbines with blades of up to 85m each. Each turbine is capable of generating between 5- 7 MW of power. The horizon has evolved over the thousand of years but mainly due to human intervention. newer turbines now are being built further out to sea and will not be visible from the coast as they fall behind the horizon line. These 100m tall turbines are being built to meet the 2020 targets set by Europe Committee on Climate Change for 20% renewable energy.
10
Energy Mapping
11
After being curious about the horizon and my automatic fascination drawn from these wind turbines I began to ponder the questions of who owns them? How many are there? What other energy infrastructure is out at sea? I considered mapping all of the energy sources; we use currently including the North Sea gas industry, where I found out where the pipes run in the seabed. Using databases, I was able to find the location, shape and numbers of turbines in the offshore wind farms of all of the wind farms visible within the map of the Lincolnshire coastline. it is interesting to not what is built within the teritorial zone boundaries (noted in red) and which are built in international waters. There is Giggawatts of power being generated by these turbines. I found out that a lot of the windtubines are owned by the same people responsible for giving us power from other nonrenewable means such as Centrica and E.ON and they are gearing up for the change towards renewable energy.
Architectural Propsal
The map is coded with locations associated with a letter. Where there is a letter corresponds with the historical Horizon study. The individual historical frames have letter that associate with the time frame in the corners to where the time frame is appropriated geographically
[A] Easington – Sustainability and North Sea gas [B ] Grimsby –Fishing industry and the Air Raids [C] Mablethorpe –Invasions and North sea Gas [D] Skegness – Sustanability [E] Bunham Market – Sustainability [F] Silver Pit – Prehistoric The Red Cross hairs all represent small costal towns, Mapplethorpe, Sutton on sea, Chapel St Leonard’s and Skegness. These locations would have the historical Horizon Projected at night in the summer months on floating screen of the coast. As well as the individual Historical frames being displayed in the corresponding Letters. The other thing to take note of is how the different areas associated with a letter deal with energy inputs. This is shown why colour associating the square bracket. Green represents Gas and Blue represents Electricity from the wind turbines
12
Turbine Dimentions
13
Architectural Propsal
This is a diagram showing the structural depth wind farms of different sizes and off shore depth. The general rule of thumb is the deeper in the sea the more costly each turbine can be and so they have to be largest to be deemed cost effective. Another issue is due to the constructional achievements that need to be overcome out at sea. The illustration corresponds to the different depths show in the map. With the exception of the teatherd floating platforms of the Deep water turbines the others are built on shallower sea beds and the foundations are piled into the sea bed, this could potently affect marine ecology.
Onshore Turbines Deep Water 50M - 200M Transitional Depth 30m - 50M
Shallow Water 0 - 30M
14