06_SIERRA LEONEREPORT

DEVELOPING COMMUNITIES THROUGH EDUCATION KANINGO AND KAMAYAMA Physical and Cultural Survey October/November 2009 Freetown, Sierra Leone

Alec Borrill Heather Stuart Edited by Bo Tang and Shamoon Patwari Architecture of Rapid Change and Scarce Resources London Metropolitan University

1

3

Backgound

4

Acronyms

5

Methodology

6

Introduction

7 - 10

Freetown, Sierra Leone Climate Demographics Area of Focus

11 - 16

Lumley, Freetown Districts Access and Transportation Physical Landscape Local Amenities Construction Trades

17 - 23

Kaningo Overview Access Routes Water and Sanitation Hopes and Aspirations Kaningo Youth Women and Livelihoods

24 - 31

Ivor Leigh Memorial School Overview Wishlist Existing Plan Primary School Elevations Secondary School Elevations Sectional Elevations

32 - 42

Kamayama Location Community and Youth Group Education and Vocational Training Women and Education Livelihoods Kamayama Site Physical Mapping Building Typologies Education Kaningo-Malama School Precedent

43 - 55

Appendices I. Tradesmen II. Meeting Minutes III. Mappings

2

BACKGROUND

Organisations Architecture of Rapid Change and Scarce Resources (ARCSR)

London Metropolitan University (LMU) The research area of the Architecture of Rapid Change and Scarce Resources focuses on an emergent area within the practice of architecture. It examines and extends knowledge of XLI TL]WMGEP ERH GYPXYVEP MR¾YIRGIW SR XLI FYMPX IRZMVSRQIRX -X JSGYWIW SR WMXYEXMSRW [LIVI VIWSYVGIW EVI WGEVGI ERH [LIVI FSXL GYPXYVI ERH XIGLRSPSK] EVI MR E WXEXI SJ VETMH GLERKI

CESO The Community Empowerment Support Organisation is involved in the prevention or relief SJ TSZIVX] SV ½RERGMEP LEVHWLMT MR 7MIVVE PISRI F] TVSZMHMRK SV EWWMWXMRK MR XLI TVSZMWMSR SJ IHYGEXMSR XVEMRMRK LIEPXLGEVI TVSNIGXW ERH EPP XLI RIGIWWEV] WYTTSVX HIWMKRIH XS IREFPI MRHMZMHYEPW XS KIRIVEXI E WYWXEMREFPI MRGSQI ERH FI WIPJ WYJ½GMIRX 8LIVI MW E TEVXMGYPEV JSGYW SR empowering children and youths in displaced communities in Freetown.

UNIFEM UNIFEM is the women’s fund at the United Nations, dedicated to advancing women’s rights and EGLMIZMRK KIRHIV IUYEPMX] -X TVSZMHIW ½RERGMEP ERH XIGLRMGEP EWWMWXERGI XS MRRSZEXMZI TVSKVEQQIW and strategies that foster women’s empowerment. UNIFEM works on the premise that it is the fundamental right of every woman to live a life free from discrimination and violence, and that KIRHIV IUYEPMX] MW IWWIRXMEP XS EGLMIZMRK HIZIPSTQIRX ERH XS FYMPHMRK NYWX WSGMIXMIW

Participants

London Metropolitan University (LMU) Alec Borrill Heather Stuart &S 8ERK

7LEQSSR 4EX[EVM

Rita Edmond 1IPVSWI +EVKFS Sandra Wolton

Field Researcher Field Researcher %7( 4VSNIGXW 3J½GI 4EVX -- %VGLMXIGX %7( 4VSNIGXW 3J½GI 4EVX -- %VGLMXIGX

Community Empowerment Support Organisation (CESO) 9RMXIH 2EXMSRW (IZIPSTQIRX *YRH JSV ;SQIR (UNIFEM) Consultant

3

ACRONYMS

WT

The Water Trust

ARCSR

Architecture of Rapid Change and Scarce Resources

ASD

Department of Architecture and Spatial Design

LMU

London Metropolitan University

DASS

Department of Applied Social Sciences

CESO

Community Empowerment Support Organisation

NGO

Non-Government Organisation

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNICEF

United Nations International Children’s Fund

UNIFEM

United Nations Development Fund for Women

',-(3

'LMFY^SV ,YQER 6IWSYVGI (IZIPSTQIRX 3VKERMWEXMSR

NSPC

National Schools Press Conference

PRIMED

Promoting Initiatives for Micro Enterprise Development

4

METHODOLOGY

Objective 8LI GSPPEFSVEXMSR FIX[IIR %6'76 EX 0SRHSR 1IXVSTSPMXER 9RMZIVWMX] ERH 2+3W ')73 ERH 92-*)1 EMQW XS TVSHYGI HIWMKRW ERH ER MQTPIQIRXEXMSR WXVEXIK] JSV GSQQYRMX] FYMPHMRKW [MXL an educational agenda in two communities in Freetown, Kaningo and Kamayama.

Methodology Cultural + Physical Surveying 8LI QEMR TYVTSWI SJ XLI ½IPH VIWIEVGL YRHIVXEOIR SZIV JSYV [IIOW MR 3GXSFIV 2SZIQFIV 2009, was to survey the Lumley area landscape and engage with the local residents and workers MR /ERMRKS ERH /EQE]EQE GSQQYRMXMIW % TSXIRXMEP WMXI MR IEGL GSQQYRMX] [EW MHIRXM½IH F] GEVV]MRK SYX GYPXYVEP ERH TL]WMGEP WYVZI]MRK XLVSYKL E WIVMIW SJ IZIRXW [LMGL [SYPH KMZI WYFWXERGI XS E TVSKVEQQI JSV XLI TVSTSWIH GSQQYRMX] FYMPHMRKW These events included:

-RXVSHYGXMSRW XS GSQQYRMX] ERH MRMXMEP WIVMIW SJ QIIXMRKW IWXEFPMWL OI] TPE]IVW ERH drivers for change.

4VSHYGMRK E QIEWYVIH WYVZI] SJ X[S TSXIRXMEP WMXIW (SGYQIRXMRK XLVSYKL TLSXSKVETLW ERH QIEWYVIH WYVZI]W WIVMIW SJ QETTMRKW the existing landscape and main functional areas. *SVQYPEXMRK E LMIVEVGL] SJ RIIHW JSV XLI [LSPI GSQQYRMX]

5

INTRODUCTION

%7( 4VSNIGXW´W I\TPSVEXSV] ½IPH XVMT XS 7MIVVE 0ISRI ;IWX %JVMGE HYVMRK XLI WYQQIV SJ led to the discussion of 2 potential community projects within the country’s capital city. This EHZERGIQIRX MRWXMKEXIH E WIGSRH ½IPH XVMT XS 7MIVVE 0ISRI XS YRHIVXEOI TL]WMGEP ERH GYPXYVEP WYVZI]W SJ FSXL XLI /EQE]EQE ERH /ERMRKS GSQQYRMXMIW Sierra Leone emerged from an 11-year civil war in 2002, resulting in the deaths of tens of XLSYWERHW ERH XLI HMWTPEGIQIRX SJ QSVI XLER QMPPMSR TISTPI 8LI GSYRXV] MW VI IWXEFPMWLMRK HIQSGVEG] ERH WXEFMPMX] [LMPI MXW TISTPI EVI VI IWXEFPMWLMRK XLIMV JEQMPMIW LSQIW ERH GSQQYRMXMIW Ernest Bai Koroma was elected president of Sierra Leone in 2007. The government has HIGPEVIH XLIMV TVMSVMXMIW XS MRGPYHI JYVXLIVMRK HIZIPSTQIRX GVIEXMRK NSFW ERH ½KLXMRK EKEMRWX mismanagement of resources. The president also promised an end to the country’s widespread GSVVYTXMSR %PXLSYKL XLIVI VIQEMRW XS FI WIIR QYGL IZMHIRGI SJ XLI KSZIVRQIRX´W IJJSVXW JSV MXW TISTPI QER] VIQEMR TSWMXMZI EFSYX XLI JYXYVI SJ XLI GSYRXV] 4ISTPI EVI FIKMRRMRK XS VIEPMWI XLI] GER SRP] VIP] SR XLIMV S[R MQQIHMEXI GSQQYRMXMIW XLIMV S[R TISTPI XS FVMRK XLI GLERKI XLI] WS HIWTIVEXIP] HIWMVI 3VKERMWIH GSQQYRMXMIW EVI ½\MRK XLIMV S[R VSEHW I\XIRHMRK XLI VIEGL SJ IPIGXVMGMX] FYMPHMRK [EXIV TYQTW QEMRXEMRMRK HVEMREKI W]WXIQW ERH IZIR WIXXMRK YT XLIMV own schools.

Although Sierra Leone has experienced some economic growth in recent years, poverty and YRIQTPS]QIRX VIQEMR KVIEX MWWYIW 8LMW WYFWXERXMEP IGSRSQMG KVS[XL LEW WPS[IH EW SJ PEXI HYI to the fact that the country’s reconstruction needs are so great.

The civil war had great effects on the country’s population and family structure. Those displaced HYVMRK XLI [EV [IVI JSVGIH XS IWXEFPMWL RI[ GSQQYRMXMIW SZIV XMQI 3PHIV QIR [IVI PSWX MR the war, and are not prevalent in today’s communities. A typical family structure includes many I\XIRHIH QIQFIVW 1SXLIVW KVERHQSXLIVW ERH GLMPHVIR PMZI [MXLMR XLI WEQI LSYWILSPH [LMPI GSYWMRW LEZI FIIR IQFVEGIH EW WMFPMRKW 8LMW YWYEPP] SGGYVW [LIR E GLMPH´W S[R TEVIRXW HS RSX LEZI XLI QIERW XS GEVI JSV XLIMV GLMPH SV WYTTSWI XLIMV GLMPH [MPP LEZI FIXXIV STTSVXYRMXMIW IPWI[LIVI %PWS TVIZEPIRX MW XLI ³YRSJ½GMEP EHSTXMSR´ SJ RSR JEQMP] QIQFIVW 7SQI EHYPXW XEOI children into their home, adopting them as another son or daughter. These children are often PMZMRK SR XLI WXVIIX SV LEZI RS JEQMP] SJ XLIMV S[R %PXLSYKL XLMW RI[ JEQMP] QIQFIV SJXIR XEOIW on more household work and is not always included in family events, their education and other RIIHW EVI TVSZMHIH JSV 8LMW JSVQ SJ EHSTXMSR XIRHW XS SGGYV MR PIWW EJ¾YIRX JEQMPMIW 7SQI XEOI MR [SQIR SV GLMPHVIR [LS LEZI FIIR GEWX E[E] JVSQ XLIMV S[R JEQMPMIW HYI XS TVIKRERG] SV other reasons, and provide them with shelter and food.

8LI VIGIRX ½IPH XVMT XS 7MIVVE 0ISRI TPEGIH ½IPH VIWIEVGLIVW RIEV 0YQPI] NYWX SR XLI SYXWOMVXW of Freetown, the capital. The centre of Lumley is close to the coast while the main road (Regent Road) stretches inland to the East. It is at the end of this road, far from Lumley’s centre, where Kamayama and Kaningo are found.

6

FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE

7

CLIMATE Month

Average Sunlight (hours)

Temperature Average Min

Max

Record Min

Discomfort from heat and humidity

Max

Relative humidity

AM

PM

Average Precipitation (mm)

Wet Days (+0.25 mm)

Jan

8

24

29

20

33

Medium

82

67

13

0.8

Feb

8

24

30

21

34

High

80

67

3

0.7

March

8

25

30

21

35

High

81

69

13

2

April

7

25

31

21

35

High

81

71

56

6

May

6

25

30

21

34

High

83

74

160

15

June

5

24

30

20

33

High

86

76

302

23

July

3

23

28

21

32

High

89

81

894

27 28

Aug

2

23

28

20

31

High

91

82

902

Sept

4

23

28

21

32

High

90

81

610

25

Oct

6

23

29

19

33

High

87

77

310

23

Nov

7

24

29

20

34

High

85

75

132

12

Dec

7

24

29

19

32

High

82

71

41

4

The tropical climate consists of two seasons, a rainy summer and a dry winter. Heavy amounts of rain during half of the year cause severe damage to the infrastructure. Roads are washed E[E] QSWW UYMGOP] GSZIVW EPP [LMPI XLI LYQMHMX] IEXW E[E] EX XLI [EPPW SJ FYMPHMRKW -RZIVWIP] XLI HV] WIEWSR FVMRKW EVMH WERH PEHIR [MRHW XLEX FPS[ XLVSYKL JVSQ XLI 7ELEVE HIWIVX GEYWMRK sand storms and dust storms.

8

DEMOGRAPHICS

7MIVVE 0ISRI MW VMGL MR REXYVEP VIWSYVGIW 8LI GSYRXV] FSEWXW E GSEWXEP FIPX SJ QERKVSZI W[EQTW [SSHIH LMPP GSYRXV] YTPERH TPEXIEY ERH QSYRXEMRW MR XLI )EWX )MKLX TIVGIRX SJ PERH MW EVEFPI XLSYKL SRP] SRI TIVGIRX MW GYVVIRXP] YXMPM^IH JSV EKVMGYPXYVI 1MRIVEPW EVI TVSQMRIRX MR XLI GSYRXV] MRGPYHMRK HMEQSRHW XMXERMYQ SVI FEY\MXI MVSR SVI KSPH GLVSQMXI 8LI] EPWS LEZI ZEWX EQSYRXW SJ VIRI[EFPI [EXIV VIWSYVGIW The country is facing several environmental issues. Rapid population growth is pressuring XLI IRZMVSRQIRX 3XLIV GYVVIRX TVSFPIQW MRGPYHI SZIV LEVZIWXMRK SJ XMQFIV I\TERWMSR SJ GEXXPI KVE^MRK ERH WPEWL ERH FYVR EKVMGYPXYVI VIWYPXMRK MR HIJSVIWXEXMSR ERH WSMP I\LEYWXMSR 3ZIV½WLMRK MW EPWS GEYWI JSV GSRGIVR 1SVISZIV XLI GMZMP [EV VIWYPXIH MR E WYFWXERXMEP HITPIXMSR of natural resources.

9

AREA OF FOCUS

Lumley The district of Lumley, with the junction of Regents Road creates a small centre to the south SJ *VIIXS[R 'MX] *VSQ PSSOMRK EX QETW SFXEMRIH JVSQ XLI &VMXMWL 0MFVEV] TVMSV XS XLI XVMT and with conversations of the residents of the districts within the Lumley Valley, most recent developments of the districts here are a result of settlements from the civil war.The impromptu YVFERMWEXMSR SJ XLMW EVIE MW GPIEVP] HIQSRWXVEFPI XLVSYKL XLI XS[R´W MVVIKYPEV GSQTSWMXMSR

10

LUMLEY

8LI QEMR VSEH REQIH 6IKIRXW 6SEH SRGI WIVZIH SRP] E JI[ WYFYVFER LSYWIW RS[ MX WYTTSVXW XVEJ½G JVSQ SZIV HMWXVMGXW 8LMW LEW VIWYPXIH MR [LEX MW MR IJJIGX E ZEWX GYP HI WEG ;MXL RS governmental support for the road networks, and the development of districts further into XLI ZEPPI] XLI TVSFPIQ SJ GSRKIWXMSR XS XLMW EVIE MW IWGEPEXMRK 8LI VSEH WYVJEGI GSRHMXMSR MW ETTEPPMRK WSQI PSGEP XVEJ½G XE\MW JVIUYIRXP] VIJYWI XS XEOI TEWWIRKIVW ERH HVMZMRK SYX SJ XLI area can take longer than walking during rush hour.

8LIVI MW E LYKI EQSYRX SJ XVEJ½G VYRRMRK SR XLMW TSSVP] QEMRXEMRIH VSEH [LMGL [EW RIZIV MRXIRHIH JSV LIEZ] ¾S[ VIWYPXMRK MR GSRKIWXIH HVMZMRK GSRHMXMSRW -R EHHMXMSR XS XLMW XLI TVSFPIQ of sanitation provision along the road is sporadic, and local to certain districts, where it will then just stop, and discharge into the road. At moments of rain the main road disgorges run-off to lower lying communities, and further down to the Lumley junction.

11

DISTRICTS

The Lumley Market, located east of Sheriff Drive is the largest area of food trade along the road. Maps here are very misleading. Looking at the location of the two communities and XLI WMXIW TVSTSWIH XLI HMWXERGI XS XLI ³PSGEP´ QEVOIX WIIQW VIEWSREFP] GPSWI FYX HYI XS XLI topography of the valley, the walk to the market from either community is a much greater distance than estimated, often taking up to 60 minutes. With the expected increased expansion SJ XLI IRXMVI ZEPPI] GSRXEMRMRK XLEX SJ FSXL /EQE]EQE ERH /ERMRKS XLI TSWWMFPI TVSZMWMSRW JSV GSQQYRMXMIW JYVXLIV [IWX ETTIEV XS FI WPMQ [MXL XLIWI TVSZMWMSRW RSX NYWX FIMRK VIWIVZIH NYWX XS XLI TYVGLEWI SJ JSSH FYX EGGIWW XS QIHMGMRI ERH IHYGEXMSR Beyond the main Regents Road route the two communities are accessed in different directions. /EQE]EQE EW QIRXMSRIH LEW FIIR STIR XS GSRWXERX ZILMGYPEV TVMZEXI XE\M ERH SOEHS XVEJ½G WMRGI XLI FYMPHMRK SJ XLI %HSRMW &VMHKI 8LIVI MW RS SXLIV [E] SJ EGGIWWMRK /EQE]EQE SXLIV XLER JVSQ 6IKIRXW 6SEH [LMGL PIEHW WXVEMKLX XS MX /ERMRKS FIMRK SR XLI WSYXL WMHI SJ XLI &EFEHSVMI 6MZIV GER FI EGGIWW F] JSSX ERH SOEHS JVSQ 6IKIRXW 6SEH ERH [I YRHIVWXERH XLEX HIPMZIVMIW SJ FYMPHMRK QEXIVMEPW GSQI XLVSYKL XLI HMWXVMGX SJ .YFE [LMGL MW XS XLI WSYXL SJ XLI rivers mouth to the Atlantic, and accessed straight from the Peninsular Road.

12

ACCESS AND TRANSPORTATION

8LI JYXYVI SJ XVERWTSVXEXMSR MRJVEWXVYGXYVI [MXLMR XLI 0YQPI] HMWXVMGX ETTIEVW XS FI E QENSV GEXEP]WX JSV FSXL XLI /ERMRKS ERH /EQE]EQE TVSNIGXW 8LI QET WLS[MRK XLI 1EMR 6SYXIW SJJ Lumley and Regents Road outlines the routes to the two communities, whether on foot, okado or car. All services start from the Peninsular Road, which with Regents road and the Lumley &IEGL 6SEH JSVQ XLI X[S QEMR 0YQPI] .YRGXMSRW This road is currently under an ongoing peninsular wide investment programme. The YRHIVWXERHMRK MW XLI KSZIVRQIRX LEW WYF GSRXVEGXIH X[S WITEVEXI FYWMRIWWIW XS GSQTPIXI XLI North and South stretch of the currently inadequate Peninsular Road. So far the South section MW GSQTPIXIH WSYXL SJ 6MZIV 2YQFIV FYX XLI 2SVXL WIGXMSR GSRRIGXMRK XLI TIRMRWYPEV XS *VIIXS[R MW [EMXMRK JSV [SVO XS FIKMR 0YQPI] MW XLIVIJSVI XLI PEWX WEXIPPMXI SJ *VIIXS[R PSGEXIH on (relatively) good roads. Regents Road is utterly inadequate as a means of siphoning the daily GSQQYXI SJ MRLEFMXERXW SYX SJ XLIMV VIWTIGXMZI HMWXVMGXW -R ER EXXIQTX XS VIPMIZI XLMW GSRKIWXMSR JSV 0I IEGL TIVWSR IEGL [E] YT XS TISTPI GER WLEVI E XE\M [LMGL STIVEXIW FIX[IIR XLI 0YQPI] .YRGXMSR ERH 7LIVMJJ HVMZI 8LI IJJIGX SJ XLMW MW GVMXMGEP MR XLI EVIEW HIZIPSTQIRX EW IZIR though taxis can (and often do) continue up to Kamayama since the construction of the Adonis Bridge the route these taxis take has focused commerce into this particular stretch of the 6IKIRXW 6SEH -R XYVR 7LIVMJJ (VMZI NYRGXMSR LEW RS[ FIGSQI E QMRM 0YQPI] NYRGXMSR [MXL VSEH traders, with stalls and small shops occupying every part of the pavement.This is the area where the children of the Ivor Leigh School frequent in the afternoon, working, selling food and clothes.

02

01

MAIN ROUTES OFF LUMEY & REGENTS ROAD 01: 02:

KENINGO - IVOR LEIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL KAMAYAMA - MARKET SITE

VEHICULAR ACCESS FROM SHERIFF DRIVE TO KAMAYAMA

PENINSULAR ROAD

VEHICULAR ACCESS FROM PENINSULAR ROAD THROUGH JUBA TO KENINGO

TAXI LOOP. THIS IS A CONSTANT ROUTE FROM LUMLEY JUNCTION UP TO SHERIFF DRIVE WHICH COSTS 800 le EACH WAY. THE AVERAGE DAILY WAGE FOR A DRIVER IS 2000 le.

FOOT OR MOTORCYCLE ACCESS TO KENINGO

13

PHYSICAL LANDSCAPE

14

LOCAL AMENITIES

8LI WXETPI JSSH MW E YRVI½RIH VMGI [LMGL QEMRXEMRW QSVI SJ MXW REXYVEP RYXVMIRXW XLER XLI [LMXI VMGI IEXIR MR XLI 9/ 1IEX GER FI ER I\TIRWMZI XVIEX ERH MR WSQI GEWIW SRP] IEXIR EX 'LVMWXQEW Outdoor cooking is common, despite people of having kitchen space; this is usually due to a lack SJ VYRRMRK [EXIV [EWXI HMWTSWEP KEW

8LIVI MW E QENSV TVSFPIQ [MXL TMTIH [EXIV MR XLI EVIE 2SX SRP] MW XLI WYTTP] YRVIPMEFPI FYX as the pipes themselves sit at surface level with the road, exposed; people are seen opening YT GSRRIGXSVW SJ X[S TMTIW ERH HVMROMRK WXVEMKLX JVSQ XLI ¾S[ 7IZIVEP SGGYVVIRGIW [IVI [MXRIWWIH SJ GSQQYRMXMIW FYMPHMRK XLIMV S[R TYQTW ERH JSVQ HMWGYWWMSRW [MXL PSGEPW MX [EW ETTEVIRX XLEX XLMW [EW EPQSWX WIIR ERH TVSZIR XS FI E WEJIV ERH QSVI VIPMEFPI WSYVGI SJ [EXIV than any government sanctioned efforts. All water for Freetown is piped from a centralised series of reservoirs to the south of the city. The main pipe makes its way north following the line of the Peninsular Road.

-R EHHMXMSR XS E LIEZMP] VMGI FEWIH HMIX ³*YJY´ E TEWXI QEHI JVSQ GEWWEZE MW IEXIR [MXL GEWWEZE PIEZIW FERERE PIEZIW VIWTIGXMZIP] 4EPQ SMP MW EPWS E PSGEPP] TVSHYGIH ERH EHSTXIH MRKVIHMIRX XLVSYKLSYX EPP XLI WSYTW WXI[W TVSHYGIH *SSH TVSHYGXMSR ERH EKVMGYPXYVI MR KIRIVEP EGGSYRXW JSV PIWW XLER SJ 7MIVVE 0ISRI´W EVEFPI PERH (MWGYWWMSRW EFSYX XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ I\TSVXMRK produce via the railway from the farmland in the provinces to the main cities proved fruitless as the country’s railway system was dismantled in the 1960’s and the road network is in dire need of repair.

;EWLMRK ERH GPIERMRK JEGMPMXMIW MR XLI EVIEW WYVZI]IH ETTIEVIH ZIV] FEWMG 8LI KYIWXLSYWI [MXL operating (cold) showers and toilets, was luxurious compared to the temporary structures LSYWMRK PEVKI JEQMPMIW RIEVF] 8LI PSGEP GSQQYRMXMIW LEH EVIEW SJ XLI VMZIV XLI] YWI JSV [EWLMRK FYX XLIWI YWYEPP] WYTTSVX E ZEVMIX] SJ XEWOW MRGPYHMRK FEXLMRK [EWLMRK GPSXLIW ½WLMRK ERH PIMWYVI (children).

19

20

07 17

18

13

09 06

02

04 11 14

12

15 16

08

03

05

01 10

PLACES WITHIN THE COMMUNITY 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: 10:

KENINGO - IVOR LEIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL KAMAYAMA - MARKET SITE NIC (CHURCH / MEETING PLACE EDMAS GUEST HOUSE FOOTBALL FIELD MELROSE’S HOUSE PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE BRIDGE CROSSING FOR IVOR LEIGH SCHOOL KAMAYAMA ADONIS BRIDGE OLD DAM (DAMAGED SINCE CIVIL WAR)

11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18: 19: 20:

FOOT (& MOTORCYCLE) BRIDGE TO KENINGO COMMON WASH PLACE (BODY AND CLOTHES) EDMAS OWNERS HOUSE IVOR’S HOUSE KENINGO - MALAMA SCHOOL (PUBLIC) KENINGO SECONDARY SCHOOL (PRIVATE) LUMLEY MARKET SHERIFF DRIVE ‘COMMERCIAL HUB’ CEMETERY LUMLEY FOOTBALL / GAMES PITCH

15

CONSTRUCTION TRADES

04

09

02

06

15

07

08 05 12

03

11 01 14

PLACES OF CONSTRUCTION INTEREST 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09:

KENINGO - IVOR LEIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL KAMAYAMA - MARKET SITE MASONRY PRE-CAST WORKSHOP CONCENTRATION OF A RANGE OF CONSTRUCTION ORIENTATED TRADERS. VARIETY OF SIZES. FROM WARE HOUSES TO SMALL TRADING STALLS JUBA JUNCTION TIMBER WORKSHOPS BAYPOR CONSTRUCTION LTD. (CONTRACTOR) CLOTH WEAVERS HOUSE/WORKSHOP CARPENTERS WORKSHOP (FURNITURE) WHOLESALE TIMBER MERCHANT

10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 15:

WHOLESALE TIMBER MERCHANT MASONRY AND TIMBER WORKSHOPS WELDERS WORKSHOP CARPENTERS WORKSHOP CONCRETE HOUSE (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)* WELDERS WORKSHOP

* THIS SITE PROVIDED EVIDENCE THAT VEHICLES COULD ACCESS THIS AREA OF KENINGO. RESPECTIVELY THE REGENTS ROAD THROUGH TO KAMAYAMA HAS A CONSTANT FLOW OF TRAFFIC.

16

KANINGO

02

01

COMMUNITY SITES 01: 02:

KENINGO - IVOR LEIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL KAMAYAMA - MARKET SITE

17

KANINGO

8LI ZMPPEKI SJ /ERMRKS [EW IWXEFPMWLIH XS[EVHW XLI IRH SJ 7MIVVE 0ISRI´W GMZMP [EV HYI XS MXW WXVEXIKMG PSGEXMSR [MXLMR XLI LMPPW F] XLI &EFEHSVM 6MZIV 7SYXLIEWX SJ 0YQPI] %W ER IWWIRXMEPP] VYVEP WIX YT SJ WIZIVEP HMWTEVEXI GSQQYRMXMIW WXMPP I\MWX FSXL [MXLSYX KSZIVRQIRX LIPT ERH [MXLSYX XLI QSWX FEWMG SJ MRJVEWXVYGXYVIW WYGL EW QEMRW [EXIV WI[EKI ERH IPIGXVMGMX] 8LI community is now taking these developments into their own hands, knowing they cannot wait SR XLI MRIJ½GMIRX ERH SZIVFYVHIRIH KSZIVRQIRX JSV EPP SJ XLIMV RIIHW

18

ACCESS ROUTES

%GGIWW XS /ERMRKS MW ZME E RYQFIV SJ FVMHKIW GSRRIGXMRK XLI HMWXVMGX XS XLI 0YQPI] EVIE 8LIWI vary from permanent concrete structures to makeshift crossings constructed of reclaimed materials.

19

WATER AND SANITATION

%RSXLIV MRXIVIWXMRK ERH YRTVIGIHIRXIH GSRWXVYGXMSR SR WMXI LEW FIIR XLI ETTIEVERGI SJ SZIV SRI LYRHVIH TVMZEXI [EWLVSSQW 8LIWI XIQTSVEV] PSSWI ½X WXVYGXYVIW EGX EW E JSVQ SJ SYX LSYWI [LIVI ZMPPEKIVW FEXLI SYXHSSVW ERH PEYRHIV XLIMV GPSXLMRK 7SQI TVMZEG] MW YWYEPP] SJJIVIH F] E GPSXL WGVIIR SV WMQTPI TPERXMRK EVSYRH XLI TIVMQIXIV Such loosely constructed washrooms are normally found on the opposite roadside to housing, tending towards a natural verge or ditch.

20

HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS

There is a huge emphasis given to the importance of the Ivor Leigh School within the GSQQYRMX] 8LI] FIPMIZI IEWMIV EGGIWW XS IHYGEXMSR MW OI] XS IGSRSQMG WYGGIWW ERH XLEX XLI formalisation of the school will additionally aid in the development of the community. Many of the children travel great distances to their current schools and parents are concerned that XLMW NSYVRI] PIEHW XS HERKIVSYW ERXM WSGMEP HMWXVEGXMSRW WYGL EW HVYKW KEQFPMRK ERH WI\ 8LI] FIPMIZI XLEX F] QMXMKEXMRK XLMW ³VMWO´ XLIMV GLMPHVIR QE] LEZI E WEJIV JYXYVI 7MQMPEVP] XLI [SQIR desire to keep their families together in Kaningo as opposed to sending their children far off XS SXLIV WGLSSPW 8LMW [E] XLI GLMPHVIR EVI GPSWI F] XS LIPT SYX EX LSQI [LIR RIIHIH ERH parents can safeguard their children. Further, their ideal is to have Kaningo’s children learn from Kaningo’s teachers.

8LI GSQQYRMX] LSTI XS SFXEMR KSZIVRQIRX WYTTSVX JSV XLI WGLSSP MR XLI RIEV JYXYVI which will guarantee some annual funding to pay the teachers’ salaries, materials and general QEMRXIRERGI 'YVVIRXP] XLI WGLSSP MW WYFWMWXMRK SR HSREXMSRW QSWXP] JVSQ XLI 9/ 8LMW EWTMVEXMSR MW OI] XS XLI PSRK XIVQ WYWXEMREFMPMX] SJ XLI TVSNIGX 8LI WGLSSP´W WYGGIWW LEW VIGIRXP] FIIR VIGSKRMWIH REXMSREPP] EW FIMRK I\GITXMSREP ERH XST MR the area due to the diligence of the teaching staff. It is hoped the school’s success will encourage SXLIVW XS TEVXEOI MR PIEVRMRK 7SQI FIPMIZI XLEX IHYGEXMSR GSYPH KVERX MRHITIRHIRGI XS Kaningo’s women through adult literacy education. Currently, the Ivor Leigh School provides JSV GLMPHVIR ERH ]SYXL JVSQ 2YVWIV] XLVSYKL XS .YRMSV 7IGSRHEV] 7GLSSP -X MW VIGSKRMWIH that there is the potential to teach up to the 3rd class of Secondary School. This is important XS XLI GSQQYRMX] EW XLI RIEVIWX 7IGSRHEV] 7GLSSP MW MR .YFE E JEV [EPO JSV XLI ]SYXL -X MW GPIEV XLEX XLI GSQQYRMX] LSTIW XS FI EFPI XS YWI XLI WGLSSP FYMPHMRK JSV QSVI XLER WMQTP] GLMPHVIR´W GPEWWIW 'PEWWIW X]TMGEPP] STIVEXI 1SRHE] ¯ *VMHE] FIX[IIR XLI LSYVW SJ ERH PIEZMRK IZIRMRKW ERH [IIOIRHW EZEMPEFPI JSV SXLIV EGXMZMXMIW % ZEVMIX] SJ JYRGXMSRW JSV the structure were discussed at length. These include: Adult education School plays Concerts Church (and other religions practices) Ceremonies Dances Social occasions Vocational learning Agriculture Health Clinic -X [EW HMWGYWWIH XLEX WSQI SJ XLIWI STXMSRW QE] FI E QIERW SJ KIRIVEXMRK ER MRGSQI JSV XLI WGLSSP JSV MXW YTOIIT -X MW GPIEV XLEX /ERMRKS LSTI XLI RI[ -ZSV 0IMKL 7GLSSP QE] FI YWIH XS FIRI½X EPP KVSYTW SJ TISTPI [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] 8S XLIQ MX MW MQTSVXERX JSV XLI FYMPHMRK XS LEZI E ZEVMIX] SJ YWIW ERH LEZI XLI EFMPMX] XS FI YWIH EPP HE]W SJ XLI [IIO -X MW LSTIH XLEX XLMW TVSNIGX GER FI E GEXEP]WX JSV GLERKI [MXLMR /ERMRKS -J QEREKIH [IPP I\XVE JYRHW SFXEMRIH XLVSYKL VIRXMRK XLI WTEGI JSV WSGMEP SGGEWMSRW IXG GER FI TYX XS[EVHW MQTPIQIRXMRK JYXYVI projects.

21

KANINGO YOUTH

8LI /ERMRKS GSQQYRMX] LEW E VIKMWXIVIH =SYXL (IZIPSTQIRX %WWSGMEXMSR =(% XLEX LEW FIIR MR IJJIGX JSV X[S ]IEVW 1SQSL &EXSR 7MWM E GSRXVEGXSV FEWIH MR RIMKLFSYVMRK .YFE MW XLI ]SYXL GLEMVQER 8LI =(% MW GSQTVMWIH SJ [SQIR ERH QIR EKIH FIX[IIR ]IEVW Although all youth in the community are invited to join the group, it is unclear whether women hold the same status within the group as the men. This was evident at the ‘youth meeting’ where none of the women were present; the men had not thought it necessary to inform the women of the meeting.

The YDA helps participation in Kaningo through a series of development initiatives; such as GPIERMRK XLI WXVIIXW ERH XLI VMZIVFEROW VSEH GSRWXVYGXMSR TVSNIGXW ERH SVKERMWMRK GSQQYRMX] IZIRXW YWMRK JSSXFEPP FIEYX] GSRXIWXW ERH HERGIW 8LI GSQQYRMX] TVSNIGXW ERH IZIRXW EVI QIERX XS MRZSPZI EPP SJ XLI ]SYXL [MXLMR GSQQYRMX] EPXLSYKL SJ½GMEP QIQFIVWLMT GSWXW 0I EW E SRI SJJ JII 'VMXIVME JSV QIQFIVWLMT MRGPYHI EKI VIWXVMGXMSR ERH EXXMXYHI I\TIGXEXMSRW ]SYXL QYWX FI ³ZMFVERX ERH SFIHMIRX´ 8LI EWWSGMEXMSR GYVVIRXP] LSPH XLIMV QIIXMRKW EX XLI Kaningo Malama School. Currently only 50% of young people are involved with the association’s TVSNIGXW XLI] [SYPH PMOI XS MRGVIEWI XLMW RYQFIV 8LI] EVI TVSYH XLEX SJ ]SYXL TEVXMGMTEXI in their organised sports activities. Some of the youth within the association also attend school.

There was additionally desire expressed for vocational training within the community.

8LI FVMHKI XS XLI -ZSV 0IMKL 7GLSSP SRP] GYVVIRXP] I\MWXW EW E WIVMIW SJ MRWIGYVI [SSHIR FSEVHW ERH [EW TVSTSWIH F] 0SRHSR 1IXVSTSPMXER´W XIEQ EW ER MHIEP TVSNIGX JSV XLI =SYXL %WWSGMEXMSR )ZMHIRXP] XLMW LEH TVIZMSYWP] FIIR TVSTSWIH F] /ERMRKS´W IPHIVW ERH MW GYVVIRXP] YRHIV GSRWMHIVEXMSR VIKEVHMRK ½RERGMRK The Kaningo Youth Development Association aspires to have all youth educated in the community through traditional schooling or a vocational institute.

22

WOMEN AND LIVELIHOODS

It seemed unclear whether the women understand their true importance and multitude of VSPIW [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] WXVYGXYVI 8LI [SQIR SYXPMRIH E ZEVMIX] SJ NSFW XLI] TIVJSVQ [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] SR XST SJ FIMRK [MZIW ERH QSXLIVW 7XSRIFVIEOIVW Water collectors for construction Woodcutters Coal and charcoal sellers %KVMGYPXYVI GEWWEZE PIEJ TSXEXS PIEJ FERERE PIEJ XS WIPP [MXLMR GSQQYRMX] Teachers Midwives Community Health Workers (house to house free healthcare sessions) Tailors Soap makers African dyers Weavers Hairdressers Petty traders 1MGVS GVIHMX ½RERGIVW 8LI [SQIR EVI SJJIVMRK PEFSYV WIVZMGIW HYVMRK XLI TVSNIGX´W GSRWXVYGXMSR WSQI SJ [LMGL EVI WIIR MR XLI PMWX EFSZI 8LI] EVI EPWS SJJIVMRK XS WYTTSVX XLI QIR MR XLIMV [SVO F] GSSOMRK JSSH GSPPIGXMRK [EXIV ERH ½VI[SSH ;SQIR SJXIR LEZI XS XEOI SR XLI VSPI SJ ½RERGMEP WYTTSVX [MXLMR E JEQMP] %X XMQIW XLI QEPI MR XLI JEQMP] GER RS PSRKIV [SVO HYI XS LIEPXL SV SXLIV VIEWSRW ERH XLI [SQER QYWX FIGSQI the sole earner. There are rare cases where women earn money solely to provide for the IHYGEXMSR JIIW ERH RIIHW SJ LIV GLMPHVIR [LMPI XLIMV LYWFERHW [SYPH VIQEMR XLI FVIEH[MRRIVW Mayamama Sisi is a student in Freetown who offers free education to approximately 40 people outside of school and work hours. This provides education to some children who cannot afford the school fees at the Ivor Leigh School. This woman currently teaches at her house, and she would welcome the offer to teach after hours at the Ivor Leigh School. Within Kaningo there are 10 other women who came forward to offer to join Mayamama Sisi with after hours XIEGLMRK 8LMW LEW XLI TSXIRXMEP XS SJJIV IHYGEXMSR XS E FVSEHIV KVSYT [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] Key People Involved -ZSV 0IMKL .YRMSV Mrs. Muriel Leigh Momoh Baton Sisi Tradesmen

'SQQYRMX] 0IEHIV Head Teacher Youth Chairman See Appendix

23

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL

Existing School building 8LI XIEGLIVW SYXPMRIH ZEVMSYW TVSFPIQW XLI] I\TIVMIRGI [MXL XLI I\MWXMRK WGLSSP GSRHMXMSRW ;IEXLIV MW E QENSV JEGXSV EW XLI QIXEP WXVYGXYVI VIXEMRW LMKL LIEX XLI VSS½RK MW RSX [EXIVXMKLX ERH XLI WXVYGXYVI HSIW RSX TVSXIGX JVSQ ³FPS[MRK HYWX´ 8LI GYVVIRX WGLSSP HSIW RSX TVSTIVP] protect the children from most weather conditions year round. % QENSV MWWYI HMWGYWWIH [EW XLEX SJ EGGIWWMFMPMX] EW GYVVIRXP] XS VIEGL XLI WGLSSP QSWX PSGEPW QYWX GVSWW E JEWX ¾S[MRK WXVIEQ 8LI I\MWXMRK FVMHKI GSRWMWXW WSPIP] SJ E JI[ FSEVHW TPEGIH loosely across old foundations. During the rainy season the water level rises and the current MW VETMH 8LMW GVSWWMRK MW LE^EVHSYW XLI GSQQYRMX] [SVV] JSV XLI GLMPHVIR´W WEJIX] SR XLI HEMP] NSYVRI] XS WGLSSP -X MW GPIEV XLEX XLI XIEGLIVW JIIP XLMW FVMHKI MW WXVSRKP] PMROIH XS XLI WGLSSP MXW WEJIX] ERH EGGIWWMFMPMX] 5YEPMX] ERH UYERXMX] SJ WIEXMRK EGGSQQSHEXMSR MW ERSXLIV TVSFPIQ ZSMGIH F] EPP SJ XLI XIEGLIVW +IRIVEPP] WSQIXMQIW GLMPHVIR WLEVI SRI FIRGL *YVXLIV EGSYWXMG WITEVEXMSR FIX[IIR classrooms is non-existent, leading to distraction from other classrooms. ,IEPXL ERH WERMXEXMSR WLSYPH FI TEVX SJ ER] TVSTSWIH TVSKVEQQI EX XLI WGLSSP 4VIWIRXP] there is a lack of toilet facilities altogether. The students currently use a shallow pit in front SJ XLI WGLSSP XLMW PMIW NYWX FIWMHI XLI QEMR EGGIWW VSEH -X [EW SFWIVZIH LS[IZIV XLEX WSQI WXYHIRXW TVIJIV XS YWI EVIEW FILMRH XLI WGLSSP FYMPHMRKW JSV TVMZEG] 8LMW LEW PIEH XS WSQI QENSV unsanitary conditions.

7IGYVMX] EPWS ETTIEVW XS FI E WPMKLX TVSFPIQ EW XLIVI LEZI FIIR SGGYVVIRGIW SJ WXIEPMRK WGLSSP JYVRMXYVI ERH QEXIVMEPW 8LI XIEGLIVW GERRSX PIEZI XLIMV WYTTPMIW MR XLI FYMPHMRK SZIVRMKLX

Costs 7GLSSP JIIW EFSYX 0I TIV WXYHIRX TIV WIQIWXIV WYTTSVX XLI XIEGLIVW´ WEPEVMIW QEMRXIRERGI SJ XLI FYMPHMRK ERH EMQ XS TVSZMHI FSSOW XI\XFSSOW ERH I\IVGMWI FSSOW JSV XLI students. This is not nearly enough to cover the costs. Generally in each class there is one XI\XFSSO ERH XLI XIEGLIV [VMXIW XLMW MRJSVQEXMSR SR XLI FPEGOFSEVH JSV XLI WXYHIRXW XS PIEVR 7XYHIRX YRMJSVQW EVI FSYKLX HMVIGXP] JVSQ XLI WGLSSP [MXL WLMVXW GSWXMRK 0I ERH XVSYWIVW Le 5,000.

'YVVIRXP] ½RERGMEP EMH MW TVSZMHIH XS WXYHIRXW [LSWI JEQMPMIW LEZI FIIR EWWIWWIH ERH JSYRH YREFPI XS TE] JSV XLIMV GLMPHVIR´W IHYGEXMSR ;MXLMR XLI WGLSSP XLIVI EVI GYVVIRXP] WGLSPEVWLMTW JYRHIH F] 6MXE )HQYRH ½ZI SJ [LMGL EVI .77 WGLSPEVWLMTW 8LI GLMPHVIR GLSWIR JSV XLIWI WGLSPEVWLMTW QYWX WYTTP] XLIMV S[R YRMJSVQW -X LEW FIIR QEHI GPIEV XLEX XLMW ½RERGMEP EMH MW RSX WYWXEMREFPI PSRK XIVQ

24

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL

8LI -ZSV 0IMKL 1IQSVMEP 'SQQYRMX] 7GLSSP [EW IWXEFPMWLIH MR 'YVVIRXP] RMRI XIEGLIVW EVI [SVOMRK XS IHYGEXI WXYHIRXW JVSQ 2YVWIV] XS .YRMSV 7IGSRHEV] 7GLSSP PIZIP .77 (SREXMSRW ERH GSRXVMFYXMSRW LEZI WS JEV QEMRXEMRIH XLI STIVEXMSR SJ XLI WGLSSP 8LI I\MWXMRK WGLSSP FYMPHMRK MW ER YRWYMXEFPI XIQTSVEV] WXVYGXYVI ERH XLI GSQQYRMX] LSTIW XS [SVO [MXL XLI 019 8IEQ XS HIZIPST E FIXXIV WGLSSP XLEX QIIXW XLI GSQQYRMX]´W RIIHW *SV /ERMRKS XLMW TVSNIGX PSSOW XS EHHVIWW IHYGEXMSR FYX EPWS YRHIVEKI TVIKRERG] KERK GYPXYVI WXVIIX children, adult literacy, and other issues prevalent in the community (see appendix for related discussions).

List of current Ivor Leigh School teachers: Muriel Leigh Auntie Kamara Famatah Kamalah Israel Tooleh 1V /EQEVEL Mark Akomah 7MPEW /EVKFS (IRRMW 4VSFMEL

head teacher, nursery class 1 nursery class 2 GPEWW .77

class 6 .77 GPEWW

.77 GPEWW

(4 years) (3-4months) (1-2 years)

]IEVW (2 years)

QSRXLW

QSRXLW

Voluntary teachers from the private Malama School: .SWITL )WOSQE 1SWIW )PWFIIVL 2SEL &ERKSE

GPEWW ERH LI MW MR .77 GPEWW ERH LI MW MR .77 RYVWIV] ERH LI MW MR .77

There are a total of 9 teachers with 3 new volunteers every 2 weeks. In order to teach TVMQEV] WGLSSP XLI VIUYMVIQIRX MW E 8IEGLIVW 'IVXM½GEXI ERH E ,MKLIV 8IEGLIVW 'IVXM½GEXI to teach at secondary level one would need an undergraduate or masters degree.

Currently the classes have to operate in 2 shifts, morning and afternoon, as there isn’t enough space or teachers to accommodate the entire school at one time. The morning shift consists of nursery, classes 1-3, and class 6. The afternoon shift covers classes 4-6. Class 6 and .77 EVI XLI SRP] GPEWWIW XS VYR JYPP HE]W 8LI XIEGLIVW RSXIH XLEX MJ XLI] LEH XLI TVSTIV accommodation, ideally all classes would operate standard school times from Monday *VMHE] FIX[IIR XLI LSYVW SJ ERH PIEZMRK XLI EJXIVRSSR EZEMPEFPI JSV E ZEVMIX] SJ GSQQYRMX] FEWIH EGXMZMXMIW 'YVVIRXP] XIEGLIVW EPWS ZSPYRXIIV TVMZEXI PIWWSRW XS WXYHIRXW SR evenings and Saturdays.

25

IVOR LEIGH SCHOOL

Wishlist The Ivor Leigh School continues to function as normal, though limited funds make the teachers YRWYVI SJ XLI WYWXEMREFMPMX] SJ WEPEVMIW QEXIVMEPW ERH JYXYVI QEMRXIRERGI -X ETTIEVW XLI XIEGLIVW EVI XV]MRK XS MRGPYHI EW QER] GLMPHVIR EW TSWWMFPI MR XLIMV GPEWWIW HIWTMXI EPP HMWGYWWIH SFWXEGPIW The entire community; men, women and children have expressed their willingness to donate PEFSYV WOMPPW ERH WYTTSVX HYVMRK XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR TVSGIWW 8LI] EVI IEKIV XS FIKMR TVITEVEXMSRW for LMU’s next visit and the project’s construction phase. &IPS[ XLI XIEGLIVW´ HIWMVIW JSV XLI -ZSV 0IMKL 7GLSSP LEZI FIIR I\TVIWWIH Physical Space: Classroom space Fenced site, child security Formal food area

0MFVEV] Secure furniture

0SGOIVW GYTFSEVHW Adequate toilet facilities Recreation facilities

&VMHKI XS FI VITEMVIH Materials:

7GLSSPFSSOW Learning materials Teachers’ uniforms Management:

8IEGLIV´W WEPEVMIW XS FI MRHITIRHIRX SJ ')73 Access to drinking water Electricity Transport for kids

7GLSSP FERH Music classes

26

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL Existing Plan

+2.600 +2.780

+2.600

+2.900 +2.600

+3.095

+2.490

+3.235 +3.385

+2.330

+3.525

+2.233 +2.195

3

+2.564

+2.105 +1.915

+3.795 +3.885

4

+1.775

+3.655

+2.896

+3.985 +4.120

+2.862

+1.705

+4.318

+3.227

+4.548

+1.625

+4.648

+2.603

+1.545

+4.833

+3.559 +1.505

+5.293

+1.340

+4.435

+2.344

+5.653

+3.890

+5.753

+1.215 +4.222

+6.053

+1.145

+6.053

+2.085 +1.055

+5.653

+5.484

+5.683

+0.925

+4.010

6

+1.826

+0.785

+5.893 +6.333 +6.513

+3.798

+0.645 +0.545

4

+1.567

+0.475

+6.513 +6.203

+3.585

+6.303

+0.575

+6.523

+1.308 +0.345

+6.703

+3.373

+6.813 +0.185

+0.000

7

+6.713

+1.049 +3.161

+0.185

4

+0.385 +0.565 +0.790

+6.387

2

+6.147

+2.949

+1.020

1

+6.567

+5.877

+1.180

+5.622

+1.330 +2.737

+1.570

+5.402

+1.760 +2.070 +2.240 +2.385 +2.525 +2.665

+5.227

6

+4.977 +4.847

+2.865

+4.712

+3.070

+4.592 +3.270

+4.352 +4.112

Base point for all levels at West Corner (+0.000) 5

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

N

Site Entrance Ivor Leigh Main Primary School Ivor Leigh Secondary School School entrance Adjacent Boundary Wall Open Pit Latrines To Kaningo

0

5

10

20

27

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL Primary School Elevations 1:100 1 4 2 3

2

5 Elevation A - A

6

7 8

Elevation B - B

9

3

Elevation C - C

C

KEY 1 2 3 4 5

'SVVYKEXIH TVS½PIH EPYQMRMYQ XEVTEYPMR VSSJ WLIIXMRK Main primary school entrance 'SVVYKEXIH TVS½PIH EPYQMRMYQ GPEHHMRK WLIIXW Recent school temporary extension (Oct 2009) 7GLSSP FIRGLIW

6 7 8

Rear end of main school Tarpaulin extended part of school School playground

9

Ovegrown planting

C

B

N B

A

A

28

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL Secondary School Elevations 1:100 1

2

Elevation A - A

3

Elevation B - B

KEY 4

Elevation C - C

1 2 3 4

'SVVYKEXIH TVS½PIH EPYQMRMYQ VSSJ WLIIXMRK Main secondary school entrance 'SVVYKEXIH TVS½PIH EPYQMRMYQ GPEHHMRK WLIIXW Rear end of main school

C

C

D

B

N

Elevation D - D

D

B

A

A

29

IVOR LEIGH MEMORIAL SCHOOL Sectional Elevations 1:100

1 4 2 3 5

Section A - A

4 2 3

5 B

Section B - B

N

KEY 1 2 3 4 5

Main Primary School Secondary school Existing playground Boundary wall 7MXI IRXVERGI EGGIWW

B

A

A

30

/%2-2+3 -:36 0)-+, 1)136-%0 7',330 7IGXMSREP )PIZEXMSRW

1

3 4

2

Section C - C

1

4

Section D - D

D

D

/)= 1 2 3 4

1EMR 4VMQEV] 7GLSSP 7IGSRHEV] 7GLSSP )\MWXMRK TPE]KVSYRH 3TIR 4MX 0EXVMRI

C

C

N

31

KAMAYAMA

32

KAMAYAMA LOCATION

8LI GSQQYRMX] SJ /EQE]EQE PMIW XS [IWX SJ XLI 0YQPI] .YRGXMSR ERH ETTVS\MQEXIP] OQ EPSRK 6IKIRXW 6SEH [LMGL FMWIGXW MX 8LI VIKMSR LEW XLI ETTIEVERGI SJ FIMRK QSVI HIZIPSTIH than other communities, due to its proximity to a main access road and industry. Similarly to Kaningo, Kamayama developed during the civil war, previous maps showing nothing more than FYWL PERH TVMSV XS XLI W 7II QET MR ETTIRHM\ Several meetings were set up with the various community groups to Kamayama to understand more profoundly what the existing make-up of the community is. The Kamayama community MW WXVSRKP] PIH F] VIWMHIRX [SQIR WYGL EW 1IPVSWI /EVKFS 92-*)1 [LS IQTS[IV XLI community to come together to action community wide issues such as roads, access, water an so on. Strong leadership such as this has led to the formation of several community groups, MRGPYHMRK YRSJ½GMEP XVEHIWQIR YRMSRW ]SYXL KVSYTW ERH [SQIR´W KVSYTW

02

01

COMMUNITY SITES 01: 02:

KENINGO - IVOR LEIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL KAMAYAMA - MARKET SITE

33

COMMUNITY AND YOUTH GROUP

-X MW ETTEVIRX YTSR ½VWX QIIXMRKW [MXL XLI /EQE]EQE GSQQYRMX] XLEX XLIVI MW E WXVSRK WIRWI of community, unity and solidarity. In LMU’s initial meetings almost the entire community were in attendance and very vocal. The stand out feature of the Kamayama group is their unparalleled enthusiasm for getting involved in any potential project work. If harnessed GSVVIGXP] MX GSYPH FI I\XVIQIP] FIRI½GMEP MR QEMRXEMRMRK E WXVSRK [SVO IXLSW As in Kaningo, youth groups tend to target people ages 15-25. One of the strong examples SJ XLI KVSYT´W IJJSVXW LEW FIIR MR XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ XLI %HSRMW &VMHKI MR [LMGL HI½RIW XLI FSYRHEV] FIX[IIR 1EPEQE ERH /EQE]EQE 8LMW [EW XLI ½VWX GSQQYRMX] TVSNIGX JSV ERH F] XLI /EQE]EQE TISTPI %HSRMW E PSGEP QER [LSQ XLI FVMHKI [EW REQIH EJXIV ETTVSTVMEXIH ZSPYRXIIV PEFSYV JVSQ [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH QEXIVMEPW XS JEGMPMXEXI MXW construction. This was an important strategic project for the Kamayama community as it TVSZMHIH XLIQ [MXL ER IWXEFPMWLIH VSYXI XS 0YQPI] [LMGL TVIZMSYWP] LEH TVIZIRXIH TYFPMG transport from Regents Rd reaching the community; taxis only going as far as Sheriff Drive.

7MRGI XLI WYGGIWW SJ XLMW TVSNIGX QIQFIVWLMT XS XLI ]SYXL KVSYT LEW MRGVIEWIH F] Of the many in attendance at the LMU meetings in Kamayama, approximately 80% were married, of which 20% were married to 2 women. 100% of the people attending the meeting [IVI QEPI PEGO SJ JIQEPI EXXIRHERGI [EW RSXIH FYX RSX UYIWXMSRIH EX XLI XMQI MR EXXIRHERGI [IVI FEWIH MR XLI FYMPHMRK XVEHI ERH MR SXLIV RMGLI EVIEW WYGL EW GSRWXVYGXMSR WXSRI FVIEOMRK ³WIPPMRK´ QSFMPI ERH XIP I WEPIW [SSHGYXXMRK IPIGXVMGW XMPMRK XIE ZIRHMRK Highlighting the Kaningo project, LMU addressed the importance of forming connections with XLI RIMKLFSYVMRK GSQQYRMXMIW ;MXLMR E VEHMYW MRGPYHMRK 1EPEQE /EQE]EQE ERH /ERMRKS WLSYPH FI E VERKI SJ ³WLEVIH´ WIVZMGIW 7GLSSPW LIEPXL GIRXVIW QEVOIXW IXG 7MQMPEV XEGXMGW regarding underage family planning were also discussed as with Kaningo, i.e. prevention rather than cure.

The involvement of the youth in any project lies in their own sense of participation, whether XLEX MW GSRXVMFYXMSR XS GSRWXVYGXMSR SV WIXXMRK YT KVSYTW JSVQMRK KVIEXIV GSQQYRMX] GSLIWMSR 'LE^ XLI XVIEWYVIV I\TVIWWIH XLI GSQQYRMX]´W HIWMVI XS LIPT MR GPIEVMRK XLI WMXI PIZIPPMRK QSZMRK GYVVIRX GSQQIVGMEP FYMPHMRKW XS 2SVXL VSEH

34

EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING

3J GSQQYRMX] 019 WTSOI [MXL XLIVI [IVI QER] XVEMRIH FYX TVIHSQMRERXP] YR GIVXM½IH IPIGXVMGMERW FYMPHIVW QIGLERMGEP IRKMRIIVW XIEGLIVW -8 [SVOIVW TEMRXIVW HVMZIVW FYWMRIWWQIR ERH ½RERGI QIR QEWSRW ERH UYEPM½IH EGGSYRXERXW SJ TVIWIRX QEPIW LEH VIGIMZIH RS SJ½GMEP IHYGEXMSR SJ TEVIRXW TVIWIRX WIRX XLIMV GLMPHVIR XS WGLSSP JVSQ E ZEVMIX] SJ PSGEP TVMZEXI XS WXEXI VYR SRIW EPXLSYKL [MXLMR XLI JEQMP] WXVYGXYVI KIRHIV QE] MRLMFMX JIQEPI IHYGEXMSR JSV I\EQTPIW QSXLIVW [LS LEZI HMIH MR XYVR JSVGMRK IRGSYVEKMRK XLI KMVPW XS XEOI on their role within family. %W [MXL EPP IHYGEXMSR MR 7MIVVE 0ISRI E TEVIRX PSWMRK XLIMV NSF QIERW VIQSZMRK GLMPHVIR JVSQ WGLSSP XS FSXL VIHYGI SYXKSMRKW ERH TSXIRXMEPP] IEVR QSVI QSRI] 8LIVI MW XLI TSXIRXMEP here to ameliorate this situation through vocational training in lieu of formal schooling, which [MPP IWXEFPMWL MRGSQI KIRIVEXIH IHYGEXMSR JSV WYGL WMXYEXMSRW

35

WOMEN AND EDUCATION

The women are aware of their strength in this community.Women have a strong understanding XLEX IHYGEXMSR MW ZIV] MQTSVXERX MR EPPIZMEXMRK TSZIVX] ERH KEMRMRK ½RERGMEP WSPZIRG] 1SWX women and girls in the community are illiterate, due to aforementioned reasons of familial duties and gender stereotypes. Illiteracy is a gender issue spanning mothers to daughters. Girls SJXIR QEVV] EX ]IEVW SJ EKI EPPS[MRK XLIQ XS FVMRK QSRI] XS XLIMV JEQMP] LYRKIV PIH TVSFPIQ 1IR FS]W IRXMGI XLIWI KMVPW [MXL WYGL TVSQMWIW SJ QSRI] %PXLSYKL WIRHMRK E GLMPH XS WGLSSP ETTIEVW VIPEXMZIP] MRI\TIRWMZI RSX FIMRK EFPI XS EJJSVH XS WIRH E GLMPH XS WIGSRHEV] WGLSSP GSR¾MGXW [MXL XLI TSXIRXMEP [EKI E GLMPH GSYPH IEVR MRWXIEH EX [SVO 4VI QEVMXEP ERH YRHIVEKI TVIKRERG] MW ER I\XVIQIP] ³IEVP] SR´ TVSFPIQ JEGMRK 7MIVVE 0ISRI Although most regret the ‘decision’ to leave school, few were still aware of the repercussions and negative effect that this may have had upon their lives. It is suggested that sexual health IHYGEXMSR MW RIIHIH EX E QYGL ]SYRKIV EKI FIJSVI MWWYIW WYGL EW XLIWI EVMWI HVST SYX pregnancy), usually around class 6. Teachers are presently addressing these issues much later ERH QSVI SJXIR XLER RSX EJXIV XLI TVSFPIQ LEW EPVIEH] FIKYR ;SQIR WII XLIQWIPZIW EW XLI TMPPEVW SJ ER] JYXYVI GSQQYRMX] TPERW 8LI] [MWL XS FI provided with adult literacy and skills training are at the forefront of their needs. We then asked for a show of hands of literate women, searching for those who could teach within XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH WYKKIWXIH XLIWI [SQIR FIGSQI EJXIV LSYVW XIEGLIVW XS IHYGEXI XLI [SQIR SJ /EQE]EQE 8LI] I\TVIWWIH E HIWMVI XS FI MRZSPZIH MR XVEHMRK WS XLEX XLI] [MPP earn money they will then put to sending their children (daughters) to school. An old lady mentioned she was literate and that she was prepared to teach. She is currently attending adult literacy courses (privately).

36

LIVELIHOODS

%X TVIWIRX XLIVI ETTIEVW XS FI E WQEPP QEVOIX JSVQIH SR XLI /EQE]EQE WMXI XLMW MW E VIWYPX SJ PEGO SJ VSEH MRJVEWXVYGXYVIW XS XLI EPVIEH] [IPP IWXEFPMWLIH 0YQPI] 1EVOIX EX XLI NYRGXMSR SJ 6IKIRXW VSEH XS XLI )EWX 6IWMHIRXW SJ /EQE]EQE SJXIR ½RH XLEX XLI HEMP] NSYVRI] XS XLI Lumley market takes more than one hour and a taxi ride there would cost up to Le 800 from an average daily wage of Le 2000 (0.32 GBP).

8LIVI MW ER IZIV TVIWIRX JIEV GYPXYVI SJ [SQIR XVEZIPPMRK E[E] JVSQ LSQI ERH FIMRK PIH EWXVE] F] I\XIVREP MR¾YIRGIW 8LMW MW TEXIRXP] ETTEVIRX MR XLI [E] XLEX FSXL XLI /ERMRKS ERH Kamayama communities are keen to ensure that livelihood and educational links are made within their respective communities rather than outwardly. However fostering community links through livelihoods could strengthen any sense of community solidarity and also encourage trust within a wider scope of groups within the valley.

-R SVHIV XS IWXEFPMWL XLI WIX YT SJ XLI PSGEPW ERH XLIMV VSPIW E WIVMIW SJ QIIXMRKW [IVI EVVERKIH 8LI ½VWX [EW XS FIGSQI EGUYEMRXIH [MXL XLI MQTSVXERX QIQFIVW [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] XLI second approached the local traders within the community who were in full support of a GSQQYRMX] TVSNIGX ERH ½REPP] E QIIXMRK SJ XLI IRXMVI GSQQYRMX] [MXL E WYFWMHMEV] QIIXMRK with the Women and Youth groups afterwards.

See minutes in Appendix II

37

KAMAYAMA SITE

3R XLI PEWX 019 ½IPH XVMT MX [EW IWXEFPMWLIH XLEX E PSGEP PERHS[RIV LEH SJJIVIH XS WIPP E relatively large plot of unused land to the community for use as a construction project. The GSQQYRMX] [IVI GSR½HIRX XLEX XLI TIVWSR [SYPH EKVII LEZMRK WSPH SJJ TVIZMSYW TPSXW SJ PERH XS SXLIV GSQQYRMX] QIQFIVW ,S[IZIV MX ETTIEVW RS[ XLEX XLI 0SGEP 0ERH %YXLSVMX] [LS appear to own the land, are donating it to the people of Kamayama in order for the purposes SJ E GSRWXVYGXMSR TVSNIGX 8LMW [MPP RIIH XS FI GPEVM½IH FIJSVI ER] TVSTSWEPW GER FI TYVWYIH Additionally despite attempts to extend the site south (which were still unresolved upon 019´W HITEVXYVI XLI EZEMPEFPI WMXI EW MX WXERHW MW QIVIP] E PSRK REVVS[ WXVMT SJ PERH LYKKMRK XLI 7SYXLIVR IHKI SJ XLI 6IKIRXW 6SEH %JXIV GSRZIVWEXMSRW EFSYX EGGSQQSHEXMSR [MXL XLI GSQQYRMX] XLIVI MW E WPMKLX VIWIVZEXMSR EW XS [LEX GSYPH FI JIEWMFP] EGLMIZIH SR XLMW WMXI Further correspondence with the Kamayama community to monitor the land tenure process [MPP FI VIUYMVIH ERH [LIVI TSWWMFPI [MXL XLI +SZIVRQIRX 7YVZI]SV EW XLIMV WYVZI] HMH RSX QEXGL YT XS XLI SRI GSRHYGXIH F] 019

38

PHYSICAL MAPPING: SITE

%X XLI XMQI SJ 019´W ZMWMX MR 7ITXIQFIV XLIVI [EW E WIVMIW SJ SRI WXSVI] LYXW WLSTW HMVIGXP] SR XLI WMXI EPSRK XLI IRH SJ 6IKIRXW 6SEH 8LIWI MX ETTIEVW LEZI FIIR WYFWIUYIRXP] FIIR QSZIH XS XLI SXLIV WMHI SJ XLI VSEH WII QET XS QEOI [E] JSV E JYXYVI GSRWXVYGXMSR The continual changes could make it potentially hard to determine a future project site for I\TERWMSR XLIVIJSVI SRGI EKEMR XLI WMXI [MPP RIIH XS FI GSRXMRYEPP] QSRMXSVIH

39

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

40

EDUCATION

Education is not mandatory practice in Sierra Leone. It is the will of parents who decide whether or not to send their children to school, and there are many factors they must consider when making this decision.

Finances tend to decide how many of their children, if any, they can afford to send to school. It is not uncommon that they cannot afford to send all to school, so are then forced to choose XLI GLMPHVIR XLI] [MPP IHYGEXI 8LMW HIGMWMSR MW SJXIR FEWIH YTSR EKI KIRHIV ERH EFMPMX] XS create additional income, roles within the family. In other instances parents’ perceived value SJ IHYGEXMSR LMKL SV PS[ GSYPH FI E HIGMHMRK JEGXSV MR IHYGEXMRK GLMPHVIR 8LMW QIERW XLEX EX times, some parents decide to spend their savings on material items rather than on education.

It is often the case that instead of attending school, girls are found in the home taking on the VSPI SJ XLI QSXLIV SV GLMPHVIR GER FI JSYRH WIPPMRK JSSH PSGEPP] XS GVIEXI EHHMXMSREP MRGSQI JSV their families.

When children do attend school, the family chooses which school to send them to. School EXXIRHERGI MW FEWIH SR TVIJIVIRGI RSX PSGEPMX] %W E VIWYPX WSQI GLMPHVIR [EPO JEV HMWXERGIW XS attend the preferred school.

8LI GSYRXV] LEW FSXL TYFPMG ERH TVMZEXI VYR WGLSSP W]WXIQW 8S EXXIRH TVMZEXI WGLSSP XLI GSWXW per year are Le100,000 - 200,000 per annum (approximately 15-30 GBP) depending on the school and associated facilities. In comparison, state school fees average around Le 50,000 (8 +&4 TIV ERRYQ 7SQI TYFPMG WGLSSPW EVI KSZIVRQIRX EWWMWXIH QIERMRK XLI] EVI VIGSKRMWIH F] XLI KSZIVRQIRX ERH EVI WYTTPMIH [MXL KSZIVRQIRX MWWYIH GYVVMGYPYQ XMQIXEFPIW WGLIQIW FSSOW ERH QEXIVMEPW 8LI] EPWS SFXEMR QSHIWX ERRYEP JYRHMRK XS TVSZMHI JSV XIEGLIVW WEPEVMIW QEMRXIRERGI JIIW ERH SXLIV RIGIWWEV] QEXIVMEPW 8LI KSZIVRQIRX WXERHEVH GPEWW WM^I MW children.

1SWX WGLSSPW WYTTP] XI\XFSSOW JSV XLI GLMPHVIR [LMGL EVI VI YWIH ]IEV EJXIV ]IEV LS[IZIV I\IVGMWI FSSOW ERH [VMXMRK IUYMTQIRX QYWX FI WYTTPMIH F] XLI GLMPHVIR´W JEQMPMIW SV KYEVHMERW 8LMW TVSZIW HMJ½GYPX JSV QER] JEQMPMIW ERH GLMPHVIR EVI SJXIR JSYRH EXXIRHMRK WGLSSP [MXLSYX XLI RIGIWWEV] FEWMG IUYMTQIRX 8LI GSWX SJ XLI I\IVGMWI FSSOW VERKI 40 pages Le500 8 pence per page 80 pages Le1000 16 pence per page 120 pages Le2000 32 pence per page

41 Freshwater canal north of Savda Ghewra colony

KANINGO MALAMA SCHOOL Precedent

8LI /ERMRKS 1EPEQE 7GLSSP /17 MW E TSTYPEV KSZIVRQIRX JYRHIH WGLSSP MR /ERMRKS FSEWXMRK WXYHIRXW 8LIVI EVI XIEGLIVW MR XSXEP WTPMX FIX[IIR QSVRMRK ERH EJXIVRSSR WLMJXW 8LI WGLSSP [EW IWXEFPMWLIH MR ERH FIGEQI E KSZIVRQIRX EWWMWXIH WGLSSP [MXLMR XLI WEQI year. This is a relatively fast rate for a school to achieve this status. The KMS developed with full ½RERGMEP WYTTSVX SJ 1VW %RRI 1EVMI )ZERW E PSGEP PMZMRK NYWX EGVSWW XLI VMZIV JVSQ /ERMRKS -X MW FIPMIZIH XLEX 1VW )ZERW´ GSRRIGXMSRW EMHIH MR JEWX XVEGOMRK XLMW WGLSSP´W HIZIPSTQIRX 8LI -ZSV 0IMKL 7GLSSP MW WXMPP EMQMRK XS EGLMIZI WYGL KSZIVRQIRX WXEXYW WMRGI MXW IWXEFPMWLQIRX MR 8LI KSZIVRQIRX MW TVSZMHMRK XLI /17 [MXL 0I ERRYQ GLMPH JSV XLI VYRRMRK SJ XLI WGLSSP -HIEPP] XLI WGLSSP [SYPH VIGIMZI 0I ERRYQ GLMPH EW XLI GYVVIRX JYRHMRK HSIW RSX GSZIV all necessary costs.

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afternoon to prepare meals and care for their families. However, it was reiterated that there is a female presence at the school throughout the entire day. Activities apart from teaching, reading, and writing include: physical education in the courtyard, singing, dancing. FLE (Family Life Education) occurs in classes 5-6, the end of primary school.The teachers watch for signs of early EKKVIWWMZI WI\YEP FILEZMSYV ERH SJJIV GSYRWIPPMRK ERH KYMHERGI JSV XLSWI LMKLPMKLXIH Two months ago, adults in the community who were seeking education approached the school, EW E VIWYPX SJ HMWGYWWMSRW MRMXMEXIH F] XLI 4)% 4YFPMG )HYGEXMSR %WWSGMEXMSR [LMGL MW E TVMZEXI SVKERMWEXMSR XLEX TVSZMHIW EHYPX IHYGEXMSR %HYPX IHYGEXMSR MW GYVVIRXP] FIMRK GSRWMHIVIH EX XLI /17 8LI XIEGLIVW WTIGYPEXI XLEX QSRIXEV] MRGIRXMZIW [SYPH FI VIUYMVIH JSV XLMW TVSKVEQQI to work. Time given to education would mean taking time away from an work or time with their families.

8LI /ERMRKS 1EPEQE 7GLSSP ETTIEVW XS FI JYRGXMSRMRK [IPP HIWTMXI XLI HI½GMIRX JYRHMRK PEGO SJ GPEWWVSSQ WTEGI ERH VIWSYVGIW 8LI] EVI QSVI IWXEFPMWLIH XLER XLI -ZSV 0IMKL 7GLSSP MR XLEX XLI] LEZI FIIR VIGSKRMWIH ERH WYTTSVXIH F] XLI KSZIVRQIRX ERH LEZI E QSVI WIGYVI WXVYGXYVI MR [LMGL XS XIEGL 3ZIV XMQI XLI] LEZI QEREKIH XS KEMR XLI GSR½HIRGI ERH ETTVIGMEXMSR SJ XLI community, as they have a large, ever growing student population.

42

APPENDICES

I. Tradesmen II. Meeting Minutes III. Mappings

43

Tradesmen

Complete list of Tradesmen in Kamayama Name Samuel Lagga 1SLEQIH 7FERKVE Alpha Tholly Vandi Dassama Musa Condeh Momoh Sturay Augustine Songa 1MHY 'SRXIL

-FVELMQ 1ERWIVE] 7EPMY .EPPSL

Daniel Williams 8EQFE &SRQE Alhaja A Kandeh Foday Manseray Kanu Fonnah Osman Sesay Momodu Kandeh 7EMHY /EPEOSL

)H[EVH +FSVMI Musa Emmanuel Sesay -FVELMQ /EQEVE Mohamed Sankoh %FHYPEM &ERKYVE Idrahim Sorie Mohamed Kamara -FVELMQ 1 7IWE] Osman Sesay Thomos Dinange &SFWSR 'EPOIV 1SLEQIH (YRFY]E Mattin Turay .SWITL 1YWE

1SLEQIH 7LIVMJJ %PYWMRI /EVKFS +FEWL 7IWE]

1YWE +ERHM

)VRIWX &EVFEH] Saidu Sesay 1SLEQIH +FPE %FYFEOEV 'SRXIL %FIWW 'SRXIL Alie Magona Tony B Angura Osman Koroma Sanpha Sesay H Koroma -FVELMQ &ERKQE &EWLY /SFFE

Occupation

Masoner 1EWSRIV

Carpenter Painter Tiler Carpenter Masoner 0EFSYV

8MPIV 'SRWXVYGXMSR &YMPHIV

Builder &YMPHIV

Builder Builder Masoner Masoner Electrician 0EFSYVIV

0EFSYVIV

Steel Bender Steel Bender )PIGXVMGEP

Steel Bender 8IEGLIV 4LSXSKVETLIV Driver Masoner 1EWSRIV

Steel Bender Masoner 'EVTIRXIV 1EWSRIV 'EVTIRXIV

Steel Bender 7XIIP &IRHIV 1EWSRIV 0EFSYVIV

4PYQFIV

0EFSYVIV

7XIIP &IRHIV 1EWSRIV 8IGLRMGEP

Masoner 0EFSYVIV

0EFSYVIV

1EWSRIV

Contractor Contractor Masoner Masoner Masoner 7I[IV

4EMRXIV

Education Level

Form 1 *SVQ NA Form 5 Form 3 Class 7 Class 6 'PEWW *SVQ *SVQ Form 6 'PEWW Form 5 NA NA NA Class 5 2% *SVQ NA NA 2% NA 'PEWW Form 3 Form 3 2% NA NA 2% 2% NA 2% *SVQ *SVQ 2% 2% *SVQ NA 2% *SVQ 2% NA NA Form 3 NA NA 2% 2%

44

Livelihood Meeting 1

An organised meeting with each individual trade group was set up in order to learn their professions, names, and whether they have local work and information which LMU could visit in situ and see their working practices. Like the Adonis Bridge project, locals were willing XS TEVXMGMTEXI MR JYXYVI GSRWXVYGXMSR TVSNIGXW JVII PEFSYV 8LIVI [IVI WIZIVEP KVSYTW SJ MRHITIRHIRX [SVOIVW GSQTVMWMRK SJ WOMPPIH ERH YRWOMPPIH YRGIVXM½IH PEFSYVIVW EW PMWXIH FIPS[ 4VSJIWWMSR

2EQI

'SQTER] 8]TI SJ [SVO

1EWSRW

1EMRP] FPSGO [EPP construction

'IVXM½IH 0SGEP GSRXVEGXSV (Freetown),

7EMHY /EVKFS

'EVTIRXIVW

7ERHM 7SE

1SLEQIH .MQQ]

%PYWMRI /EVKFS

7YKKIWXW WXSVIW JSV TEVXW 'SRGSVH &IWX *E[I^ &YMPHMRK Materials, Getty all near

7XIIP &IRHIVW

7EPMIY .EPPSL

*SV VIMRJSVGIQIRX XS

GSPYQRW FIEQW ERH ¾SSVW local sites in Kamayama

)PIGXVMGMERW

)VRIWX &EVFEH]

6IJIVVIH XS XLI WEQI WLSTW EW TPYQFMRK JSV QEXIVMEPW supplies.

8MPIVW

%FVELEQ 1ERWEVE] Musa Condeh

4EMRXIVW QER]

:ERHM (EWWEQE

4VSNIGX RIEV %HSRMW &VMHKI Materials from ‘Best’ of Lumley

;IPHIVW

7EMHY /EVKFS IQTPS]W

workers, including welders.

4PYQFIVW

,EW WSPMH FPSGO TVSHYGXMSR carpentry workshop (FT) and FYMPHW SR WMXI 7EMHY´W GSQTER] includes an engineer who can consult with LMU.

(S FSXL FYMPHMRK ERH furniture construction.

0YQPI] VSYRHEFSYX

45

Livelihood Meeting 1I

8LMW [EW XLI ½REP ³JSVQEP QIIXMRK´ [MXL XLI /EQE]EQE GSQQYRMX] EW 019 EMQIH XS GSQTPIXI the formal meeting process and spend the remainder of their time in Freetown conducting GYPXYVEP WYVZI]W SJ XLI PSGEP MRLEFMXERXW 3RI SJ XLI ZSGEP XVEHIVW JVSQ XLI TVIZMSYW QIIXMRK called out on a loudspeaker inviting people to the morning meeting. There were estimated to FI SZIV TISTPI MR EXXIRHERGI 8LI QIIXMRK [EW TVIWMHIH SZIV F] 1V 'SRXIL [LS VER XLI HMWGYWWMSRW ERH MRXVSHYGXMSRW [LMGL FEWMGEPP] WYQQEVMWIH XLI IRXMVI TSMRX SJ XLI 019 WYVZI] and why their presence there was essential in forming a lasting program for the community.

46

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

8LI FEWMG GSRWXVYGXMSR TVSGIWW ETTIEVW XS FI EW JSPPS[W XLI GPMIRX [MPP LMVI ER EVGLMXIGX ERH SRGI TPERW EVI ETTVSZIH XLI EVGLMXIGX´W NSF MW ½RMWLIH 8LI GPMIRX [MPP XLIR LMVI E GSRXVEGXSV MJ JSV residential purposes no tender is required, for government projects tenders are required. The GSRXVEGXSV GER EQIRH EVGLMXIGX´W HIWMKR HYVMRK XLI FYMPHMRK TVSGIWW [MXL RS GSRWYPXEXMSR ¯ RS TPERRMRK SV FYMPHMRK GSRXVSP XLIVIJSVI XLMW MW RSX ER MWWYI 3R XLI RYQIVSYW WMXI ZMWMXW ERH TVSNIGXW YRHIV[E] 019 SFWIVZIH QER] QIXLSHW SJ GSRWXVYGXMSR WMXI ERH TVSNIGX PEGO SJ SVKERMWEXMSR ERH GVEJX 8LI WYQQEV] SJ ½RHMRKW MW PMWXIH as follows:

7EMHY /EVKFS´W ;SVOWLST The contractor arranged to meet LMU at the Kamayama site and travelled into Freetown to his workshop and two other sites:

7XSTTIH EX LMW FPSGO TVSHYGXMSR [SVOWLST 7E[ X[S WIXW SJ FPSGOW HV]MRK MR WYR Block dimensions: 460mm x 150mm x 210mm Quality control issues, percentage lost to early release from metal formwork FPSGOW TSYRHW SJ WERH OK SJ GIQIRX %PWS QEOIW LSPPS[ FPSGOW EX [SVOWLST MR /EQE]EQE ,EW PIEWIH PERH JSV [SVOWLST MR 7X .SLR HMWXVMGX JSV XLI TEWX ]IEVW

7MXI ¯ 7X .SLR *VIIXS[R

Issues

WXSVI] QM\IH YWI GSQQIVGMEP \ FIHVSSQ VIWMHIRXMEP 1IRXMSRIH XLEX 019 EW E TSXIRXMEP GSRXVEGXSV WLSYPH LEZI EPP WYF GSRXVEGXSVW EZEMPEFPI to them (welders, carpenters) )\XIVREP WXEMVGEWI ¯ GEWX MR WMXY [MXL WXIIP VIMRJSVGIQIRXW ERH XMQFIV JSVQ[SVO Discussed cost and quality control comparing precast to in situ Precast Le 1,500,000 staircase (242 GBP) In Situ Le 620,000 (100 GBP) staircase 16 risers with steel reinforcement 7GEJJSPHMRK ¯ YRXVIEXIH ]SYRK XMQFIV XVYROW VITPEGIH IZIV] QSRXLW EJXIV VEMR] season Cost – metal vs. wood: Wood every 6 months Le 700,000 (113 GBP) to renting metal Le 10-12,000,000 for the duration (160 GBP) 1IXLSH SJ WGEJJSPHMRK 8LI XMQFIV TSPIW TIRIXVEXI ERH FYMPH SJJ XLI FYMPHMRK EW MX MW FIMRK GSRWXVYGXIH 3RGI XLI FYMPHMRK MW ½RMWLIH XLI PEVKI LSPIW EVI XLIR PEXIV MR ½PPIH

7IVZMGIW ¯ )PIGXVMGEP VSYXMRK XLVSYKL QEMR WXVYGXYVI SJ FYMPHMRK MW E WIVMIW SJ WIZIVEP [MVIW GSRXEMRIH [MXLMR FEWMG IPIGXVMGEP XYFMRK XLIR GSRXEMRIH [MXLMR GEWX MR WMXY concrete. Re-wiring is not an option 9RGSRWMHIVIH NYRGXMSRW FIX[IIR GEWX GSRGVIXI WXVYGXYVI ERH WIGSRHEV] IPIQIRXW

FEPYWXVEHIW IXG GYX MRXS XLI WXVYGXYVI I\TSWMRK VIMRJSVGIQIRX FEVW IXG ERH KIRIVEP HEQEKMRK XLI MRXIKVMX] SJ XLI FYMPHMRK 2SR WXVYGXYVEP QEWSRV] WGVIIR ¯ FPSGOW produced at Kamayama workshop, dimensions of which 300mm x 100mm x 260mm, with a 30mm mortar joint and 20mm frame

47

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

7MXI -- 7X .SLR *VIIXS[R

%X TVIPMQMREV] [SVOW WXEKI JSYRHEXMSR ERH WIVZMGIW SFZMSYW [EXIV XET MR XLI GSVRIV of the site) Phased construction – phase 1 is commercial, phase 2 self-contained apartments EFSZI Arrived on site and all materials are safely contained overnight &EWMG MR WMXY GSRGVIXI JVEQI FYMPHMRK SR E ´ \ ´ IWXMQEXI EX TIVWSRW HE] JSV [IIOW XS FYMPH XLI FEWMG JVEQI ERH JSYRHEXMSR )WXMQEXIH XSXEP GSWX SJ PEFSYV JSV TVSNIGX EX 0I +&4 TPYW QEXIVMEP costs

48

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

Site 3 – Carpenters workshop, Freetown

-

TISTPI IQTPS]IH TVSHYGMRK JYVRMXYVI ERH VIJYVFMWLMRK MXIQW Average cost for items: School chair Le 30,000 (4.85 GBP) School set (desk and chair) Le 70,000 (11.50 GBP) Teacher’s desk Le 150,000 (25 GBP) 8LI] JSPPS[ FIWTSOI TPERW JSV GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ JYVRMXYVI I\ 0SRKIV WGLSSP HIWOW [VMXMRK FSEVHW

%PYWMRI /EVKFS PSGEP TPYQFIV %PYWMRI QIRXMSRW PSWMRK LMW GIVXM½GEXMSR HYVMRK GMZMP [EV ERH UYIWXMSRW [LIXLIV SV RSX LI could remedy this, as returning to education and retraining would take him three years fullXMQI YRTEMH ,I MW GYVVIRXP] [SVOMRK SR LSYWIW MR .YFE /ERMRKS -QEX ERH +SHIVMGL LEZMRK TVIZMSYWP] [SVOIH SR TYFPMG FYMPHMRKW MR XLI EVIE MRGPYHMRK GSQTER] FYMPHMRKW ERH SJ½GIW EPSRK Regent’s Road.

Simple costs and plans for sanitary facilities in the market.

WC + sink Le 750,000 (122 GBP)

-RHMGEXMRK XSMPIX EPSRI XS FI 0I +&4 This set would require 6 piped connections

-RHMGEXMZI GSWXW JSV ½XXMRKW One plastic pipe, high pressure, 20’ in length, Le 20,000 (3.25 GBP)

%HETXIVW 8 TMIGI IPFS[ 0I +&4 1.5� waste pipe, 20’ length, Le 30,000 (4.87 GBP)

(SYFPI LSPI HSYFPI XVE] WMRO [MXL ½XXMRKW 0I +&4 Discussed sanitary control using septic tanks and cess pits

%WWYQIH E TMX ´ \ ´ \ ´ HIIT [SYPH LEZI XS FI IQTXMIH X[MGI QSRXLP] FYX dimensions inversely proportional to frequency of change Speak to Best construction regarding standard polymer cesspits regarding sanitary

LE^EVHW XS WYVVSYRHMRK GSQQYRMXMIW

Kamayama Steel Benders

0IRKXLW SJ WXIIP VSHW EVI ´ ERH EX QQ HMEQIXIV JSV VSYKL WXIIP FEVW 6SHW EVI GEVVMIH YT 6IKIRX´W 6SEH FIRX MR 9 WLETI YWMRK TISTPI 6SHW GYX XS WM^I SR WMXI F] LERH YWMRK LEGOWE[W Groups of steel reinforced columns (2 x 2) arranged at 3000mm centres along retaining foundation measuring 110mm x 110mm ;EPP MRWIX MR E FEWI SJ QQ \ QQ GSRGVIXI JSYRHEXMSR ;MXLMR GIRXVIW WMRKPI ZIVXMGEP WXIIP VSHW NSMRIH EX LSVM^SRXEPW 8LIWI EVI WPMKLXP] SJJWIX JVSQ SRI ERSXLIV EW XLI] EVI EVVERKIH FIX[IIR XLI VIMRJSVGIH WXIIP columns 8LI \ WXIIP GSPYQRW EVI LSVM^SRXEPP] VIMRJSVGIH YWMRK QQ WXIIP FIRHEFPI VSHW EX 320 mm increments Concrete cover to steelwork is 80mm %PP WXIIP[SVO MW GSRRIGXIH YWMRK WXIIP FMRHMRK [MVI [LMGL MW EZEMPEFPI F] XLI VSPP ERH cut using ‘pinchies’

Discussed ratios of concrete mixture and is as follows: Sand 4 Cement 1 Aggregate 6 7XSRIW PSGEPP] WSYVGIH %PP EKKVIKEXI MW PSGEP KVERMXI JVSQ I\GEZEXMSR [SVO 7XSRIFVIEOIVW HMZMHI PSGEPP] WSYVGIH WXSRI MRXS XLVII GEXIKSVMIW XLVSYKL XLI QIXLSH SJ FVIEOMRK Aggregate is inch, inch, 1 inch:

Ă´ MRGL YWIH JSV GSRGVIXI FIEQW

Ü MRGL YWIH JSV žSSVMRK 1 inch used for foundations

49

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

Tiler Visit

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Floor and ceiling experts Displayed ‘marquetry’ ceilings %PP [SSH[SVO SR WMXI HSRI F] LERH YWMRK XIQTPEXIW XS EGLMIZI GSRWMWXIRX WLETIW (MWGYWWIH TSWWMFMPMX] SJ TPEMR XMPIH ¾SSVMRK VEXLIV XLER TEXXIVRIH EW WLS[R ERH XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ WTIRHMRK QSRI] [LMGL QMKLX FI VIWMHYEP SR E HIWMKRIH GIMPMRK SV pattern for the community room 4P][SSH WLIIX WM^IW EVI WXERHEVH ´ \ ´ 7SPMH QELSKER] WXEMVGEWI [MXL PEXLIH FEPYWXVEHIW &SRHMRK QM\XYVI JSV XMPIW XS ¾SSVW Walls are simple mortar of sand and cement

6IKYPEV XLVII X]TIW SJ GIQIRX EZEMPEFPI White – joints, 25 kg at Le 30,000 (4.85 GBP) Black – Construction works, 25 kg at Le 36,000 (5.84 GBP) CTF – Portland cement for wall tiles, 25 kg at Le 35,000 (5.68 GBP) 019 HMWGYWWIH XLI I\XIVREP ½RMWL SR XLI LSYWI GEPPIH ³WXSRI TMXGLMRK´ [LMGL MRZSPZIW XLI EIWXLIXMG SJ FVMRKMRK JSV[EVH QSVXEV JVSQ QIHMYQ WM^IH VSGOW 8LI QM\XYVI JSV QSVXEV MW GSQFMREXMSR SJ FPEGO GIQIRX ERH WERH E WMQMPEV WX]PI JSYRH SR 1EPEQE KYIWXLSYWI TMRO ERH FPEGO 8LMW MW E VIPEXMZIP] MRI\TIRWMZI ½RMWL EW YXMPMWIW PSGEP WXSRI HYKSYX JVSQ GSRWXVYGXMSR

6IKEVHMRK VSS½RK WMQTPI QIXEP GSVVYKEXIH VSSJ [MXL QIXEP VMHKIW ERH LMT IRHW 2S I\XVE [EXIVTVSS½RK FIRIEXL QIXEP ERH ½XXIH XS XMQFIV NSMWX WXVYGXYVI [MXL WXIIP [MHI LIEHIH TMRW FSPXW ]IEVW SR WMXI [LMPI XLI GPMIRX MW PMZMRK MR *VIIXS[R ERH WYTTP]MRK ½RERGIW JSV TVSNIGX sporadically.

0EQMR /EVKFS 'EVTIRXIV

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Located on main road from Kamayama down to river Under his employ Lamin has three apprentices, 2 x 12 years old, and 1 x 15 year old 8LI IPHIWX MW I\TIGXIH XS ½RMWL WGLSSP XLIR KS JYPP XMQI 7SYVGIW QEXIVMEPW PSGEPP] F] 'SXXSR XVII SR 6IKIRX´W 6SEH Sources mahogany (grade A) down to plywood (pine) Raw material, mahogany Le 24,000, anticipated sale price Le 80,000 (13 GBP) Previous to full time carpentry he worked at African Toke, a French owned hotel, and he was a second foreman

Second workshop, Riverside location

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)WXEFPMWLIH JSV ]IEV (IEPW QEMRP] [MXL JYVRMXYVI GSRWXVYGXMSR FYX EPWS EXXEGLIH XS XLI [SVOWLST MW E masonry designer dealing mainly with ‘classical precast’ units Moulds are designed in house Uses motor oil for easy release Half a column ready set in one day

50

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

8LI JSPPS[MRK XVEHI ERH FYMPHMRK I\EQTPIW EVI FEWIH EVSYRH /ERMRKS ERH XLIVI FYX XLI] WXMPP LEZI VIPIZERGI XS XLI /EQE]EQE TVSNIGX EW PSGEP MRHYWXV] MW WMQMPEV ERH FYMPHMRK TVSHYGXMSR MW kept local.

Carpenter Workshop

‘Man U’ Carpenter Has 5 men working for him No current commissions, so making furniture to sell %TTVIRXMGIW [SVO EJXIV WGLSSP MW ½RMWLIH Prices for work – chair Le 50,000 (8 GBP) 3FXEMR QEXIVMEPW JVSQ 6IKIRX´W 6SEH GEVV] SR LIEH FEGO XS WMXI

‘12 Day’ House

Block work construction semi detached houses of 2 rooms &YMPH GSWX JSV LSYWIW FPSGO [SVO GSRWXVYGXMSR [MXL XMQFIV ERH QIXEP VSSJ MRGPYHMRK foundation and site excavation) Le 75,000,000 (1220 GBP)

Apartment Building near Edmas (roofer’s example)

;MXL E PSGEP GSRXVEGXSV ZMWMXIH E IWXEFPMWLIH WMXI [LMGL LEH E RI[P] GSQTPIXIH VSSJ 1ELSKER] WYFWXVYGXYVI SR XST SJ VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI QEMR WXVYGXYVI Copper metal roof 4PEWXMG WSJ½X XS SYXWMHI

Visited another of the roofer’s houses in Kaningo

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0IWW IPEFSVEXI GIMPMRK HIXEMP Logical method of site preparation is not evident

4VMQI I\EQTPI HVMZI[E] [EW PEWX XLMRK XS FI ½RMWLIH ERH XLI GSRWXVYGXIH KEVEKI GSYPH RSX EPPS[ ER] GEV XS EGGIWW MX HYI XS E [EPP ERH X[S FYMPHMRKW MR XLI [E] ;I LEH E HMWGYWWMSR SR XLI HIXEMP SJ TPERW [I LEH WIIR ERH VIEPMWIH RSXLMRK FI]SRH E WMQTPI PE]SYX TPERRMRK HVE[MRK LEH FIIR WLS[R 8LI PSGEP QIXLSH SJ GEWXMRK FYMPHMRK ERH FVIEOMRK XLVSYKL ERH ORSGOMRK SYX of structural components is damaging to structure, cost, time, scales for construction, and the ½RMWLIH FYMPHMRK

Mr. Marah, mason

5YIWXMSREFPI XLI [SSH ½RMWL XS VSS½RK XMQFIV NSMWXW % [SSH TVIWIVZEXMZI ½RMWL GEPPIH ³/EVFSPPS[´ [LMGL [EW E FPEGO GSPSYVIH GSEX SJ TEMRX YWIH XS TVIZIRX MRWIGX TVSFPIQW

51

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

School I+II 019 ZMWMXIH X[S WGLSSP TVSNIGXW FSXL GYVVIRXP] YRHIV GSRWXVYGXMSR ERH GSQTVMWMRK SJ FEWMG FPSGO [SVO SJ VSSQW XIEGLIV´W SJ½GI RYVWIV] VSSQ ERH GPEWWVSSQW

'PEWWVSSQ WM^I EX ´ \ ´ Nursery 10’ x 12’

8LI] FYMPH YT GSQTVMWIH ´ ² HIIT JSYRHEXMSRW EX ´ [MHI

% ´ ² FPSGO [SVO [EPP

´ ½RMWLIH VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI XST FIEQ [MXL

´ VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI VSSJ žSSV EFSZI

'SQTPIXIH F] EPP PSGEP XVEHIVW IQTPS]IH F] GSRXVEGXSV XLI FSEVHW JSV XLI WLYXXIVMRK and formwork measured 1’ x 14’ x 1�

0SGEPP] QERYJEGXYVIH FPSGO [SVO Blocks 9� x 18� x 6� with 1� mortar joints In situ cast concrete stair Treads at 11� and riser 6�

*VSQ FEGO SJ XVIEH XS FEGO SJ WXEMV ² GSRGVIXI 11 risers in total with steel supports throughout Block consistency is: cement 25 kg sand 16 kg water 10 gallons

!

FPSGOW [LMGL WIXW MR HE]W

'EVTIRXV] [SVOWLST EX .YFE NYRGXMSR

10 workers, 8 of which are apprentices *YVRMXYVI ERH FYMPHMRK WXVYGXYVIW ;SVOW [MXL XLI TIVWSR [LS FYMPX XLI WGLSSP

‘Fine House’ (IQSRWXVEXIH TPEWXIV XIGLRMUYIW JSV FPSGO [EPPW MRZSPZMRK X[S TPEWXIVIVW

3RI SR E XVS[IP ETTP]MRK MRGL XLMGO TPEWXIV XS FPSGO [SVO [EPP

8LIR WIGSRH QER [MXL [IX VYFFMRK FSEVH WQSSXLIW MX JYVXLIV

3RGI WPMKLXP] HVMIV WTSRKI XS WQSSXL žEX ½RMWL Plaster:

FEK SJ GIQIRX OK TERW SJ WERH [EXIV EW ]SY KS 7XVYGXYVEP GSRGVIXI FIEQW JSV PMRXIPW

TERW SJ WERH XS FEK GIQIRX ERH TERW SJ Ă´ MRGL EKKVIKEXI KVERMXI

Aggregate is inch, inch, 1 inch:

Ă´ MRGL YWIH JSV GSRGVIXI FIEQW

Ü MRGL YWIH JSV žSSVMRK 1 inch used for foundations % [IPHIVW [SVOWLST ZMWMX PEXIV WLS[IH E GIVXM½GEXI EPPS[MRK LMQ XS TVEGXMGI LMW XVEHI MWWYIH F] KSZIVRQIRX

52

Livelihood Meeting 1II Projects and contractor visits

House under construction opposite school 'SQTPIXMRK XLI MR WMXY GSRGVIXI žSSV

7XIIP [IF [MXL ² \ ² KVMH

7XIIP KVMH QEHI SJ ô² WXIIP VSHW XLIR YRHIVRIEXL MW E FPEGO TPEWXMG WLIIX YRHIVRIEXL that plywood Underneath the plywood there are hundreds of closely spaced columns supporting the load Plastic sheet used as a releasing agent as the concrete would not adhere Ply cut around the vertical sections of the walls

8LI TP][SSH ERH TPEWXMG WLIIX IPIQIRX [EW VIWXVMGXIH XS XLI GIMPMRK ZSMHW FIX[IIR

XLI [EPP WXVYGXYVIW XLIQWIPZIW XSTTIH [MXL ² WXIIPW EW GSRRIGXMRK WXMVVYTW

positioned at 18� centres

8LI GSPYQR WXMVVYTW RSXIH EX XLI TVIZMSYW WXIIP FIRHIVW WMXI MR /EQE]EQE [IVI

HMWGSZIVIH PEXIV XS FI TVI QERYJEGXYVIH ERH WSPH MR WIXW VIHYGMRK XMQI SR WMXI

53