Econef Children's Center Emergent Technologies Case Study

E C O NE F CH ILDREN ’S CEN TER Asante Architecture & Design, LÖ&V, Architects without Borders | 2018 Jua-kali, Tansania

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E C ONE F C HILDRE N’S CE NTE R Asante Architecture & Design | 2018 Jua-kali, Tansania University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design Department of Architecture Fall 2019 ARCH 631-001 Case Studies in Evolving Construction Technology Teaching Faculty Lindsay Falck & Dr. Mohamad Al Khayer Teaching Assistants Katarina Marjanovic, Molly Zmich & Veronica Rosada Student Authors KyungHyun Kim, Matthew Kohman & Alex Jackson Jackson | Kohman | Kim

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E C ONE F C HILDRE N’S CE NTE R Asante Architecture & Design | 2018 Jua-kali, Tansania Table of Contents 7

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Section 1: Overview of Project

55

Section 2: Construction Sequence

Structural Analysis

75

Section 3: Envelope Analysis

90

Section 4: Axonometric Diagrams

97

Bibliography & Ackowledgements

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ECONEF CHILDR EN’S CENTER 2015 - 2018 (constructed) Jua-kali, Tansania Client/Owner ECONEF Design Team Architect: Asante Architecture & Design Collaborating Architect: Lönnqvist & Vanamo Architects, Architects Without Borders Sweden Landscape Architect: Anna Valman, Julia Vilkenas, Johanna Ardland Bojvall, Hanne Nilsson Engineers (HVAC, Structural, etc.): Cornelis Oskamp, Engineers Without Borders Sweden Contractors: ECONEF Subcontractors: Residents of Kingori, Tanzania

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Conceptual Statement From Econocef: BACKGROUND Half of Tanzania’s 57 million inhabitants are under the age of 18.

Life expectancy in the country is around 65 years according to the World Bank and 5.8 percent live with HIV/AIDS. That is one of the reasons why 3 million children, according to Unicef, are orphaned with no one to make sure that they are given with the right medical treatments, care, education and love that is necessary for a brighter future.... ...All members have travelled to Tanzania, share a common interest for humanitarian efforts, and wish to contribute to the improvement of women’s and children’s living situations in exploited nations.

With the help of economic aid from sponsors and private donators, ECONEF has the ability to offer security and everyday necessities for the orphans of the Children’s Center. The organization ensures that all children have somewhere to live, something to eat, and that they have access to education and hospitals.

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WA SUSTAINABLE CHILDREN’S CENTER The first orphanage was located in Jua Kali, outside of Arusha in northern Tanzania. This was the first phase of the ECONEF project. The construction work for a prototype house started in summer 2013 and was finished in March 2014. In 2018, the inauguration of the new Children’s Center took place, marking a new phase in ECONEF’s history.

The aim of the Children’s Center is to increase ECONEF’s independence and reduce its reliance on private donations. To help achieve this goal the new buildings is sustainable and largely maintenance free. The center will produce its own electricity through the installation of solar panels. Integrated into the building’s structures are systems for rainwater collection and natural ventilation. Areas for livestock such as chickens, cows and vegetables are nearby to the buildings. The buildings have also been designed to minimize the need for outsourced building expertise and excessive transportation costs. To realize this, the use of local materials and traditional building techniques has been prioritized.

The Children Center’s localities are being carefully divided according to function. Closest to the road is the school, which is be accessible to children from other areas. The school and the children’s center share space for recreation, bathrooms, and a library. The public and the private areas are separated so that the children have places that they feel are their own and away from the school. One long-term goal is to become self-sufficient by biogas from the cows, to minimize the costs and the effect on the environment.

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SE C T ION ONE Project Overview

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Research Statement The Econef Children’s center engages a holistic and humanist architecture that shoulders a multitude of issues contemporary practice might prefer to sidestep, producing a project beautiful in its ethics, detail, and Goldilocks “just rightness.”

The project tackles sustainability beyond energy use through a cultural and economic lens with collaboration as necessity.

The architecture’s hyper local approach benefits from adjacent labor and craftsmanship to further impress communal ownership ensuring legacy and longevity. The center also provides clarity of process to define the project and it’s NGO backed financial structure as a model, not an icon, that ultimately serves a vital but vulnerable group of children with dignity.

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SITE AND ECOLOGY The project is located in the Arusha Region of Tanzania. This region is located below Mount Meru in the Great Rift Valley, nearby the Serengeti National Park. Temperate climate is a key factor in the region, seemingly unusual due to its proximity to the equator.

However, the elevation of the Arusha Region is approximately 1400 meters (4,600 feet) above sea-level due to the slopes of Mount Meru, keeping temperatures low and alleviating humidity.

The region has distinct wet and dry seasons from the eastern prevailing winds of the Indian Ocean. The climate is designated as a subtropical highland climate. This environment benefits from the proximity from the mountain giving the area two rainy seasons, in which crops are planted twice a year: a key part of the Children’s Center’s auxiliary programs of crop growth to be a self-sustaining project. Primary agriculture include bananas, coffee, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, leafy greens in the mountains.

South of Mount Meru cultivation includes maize, beans, wheat and flowers.

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METHODS PARTICIPATORY PLANNING It is of great importance that the children at the Econef Children’s Center are involved in the planning process.

Not only is their knowledge of the local environment essential for the succes of the new center, but their participation will also likely to result to a sense of responsibility for overseeing and maintaining the new facilities. Several workshops with the children and the orphanage personal were arranged during the planning and the construction process.

BUDGET FOUNDATION AND GROUNDWORK

70555 SEK

SOLAR PANELS AND SOLAR WATER HEATER

52600 SEK

BRICK WALLS AND WALL FINISH

46500 SEK 43600 SEK

LABOUR ROOF, GUTTER AND CEILING

39100 SEK

FLOOR

15000 SEK

WINDOWS AND DOORS

14500 SEK 13400 SEK

MATERIAL TRANSPORTS FERROCEMENT WATER TANKS

11800 SEK

OTHER

6100 SEK

ELECTRICITY AND PLUMBING

3700 SEK 1900 SEK

FURNITURE

% 0

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5

10

15

20

25

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METHODS Participatory Planning, Workshops, Modeling

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PROPOSAL FOR THE PROTOTYPE HOUSE

by the traditional h a central corridor s. The corridor entilation through the ation grids on top of

PROPOSAL FOR THE PROTOTYPE HOUSE B

WC

STORAGE

B

WATERTANK BEDROOM

SHOWER WC

STORAGE WATERTANK

ofs in the middle of the water tanks placed water and offer a cool ouse.

this solution as the safety for n the middle of the age. Taking this into ify the proposal.

BEDROOM

SHOWER WASHROOM

BEDROOM

Section B-B 1:100

SECTION B-B 1:100

BEDROOM

Section B-B 1:100

SECTION B-B 1:100

WATERTANK

WASHROOM WATERTANK

KITCHEN WATERTANK

TERRACE

A

A KITCHEN

A

PLAN 1:100

PLAN 1:100

TERRACE

B

North elevation 1:100 NORTH ELEVATION 1:100 A

B

North elevation 1:100 NORTH ELEVATION 1:100

WATERTANK

SOLAR WATER HEATER

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CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS WOODEN TRUSSES

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nto

WATERTANK

A

PLAN 1:100

B

TERRACE

GRAVEL

North elevation 1:100 NORTH ELEVATION 1:100 A

WATER TANK PRINCIPLE SECTION 1:50 1200

PLAN 1:100

B

North elevation 1:100 NORTH ELEVATION 1:100

WATER TANK PRINCIPLE SECTION 1:50

SOLAR WATER HEATER CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS WOODEN TRUSSES SISAL POLES SOLAR WATER HEATER CONCRETE RING BEAM CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS WOODEN TRUSSES ELECTRIC CLAY BRICK SISAL POLES CONCRETE RING BEAM COCNRETE FOUNDATION WITH EARTHEN FLOOR FINISH ELECTRIC CLAY BRICK

SECTION A-A 1:100

Sektion A-A 1:100 SECTION A-A 1:100

BAOBAB CHILDREN’S CENTER

Sektion A-A 1:100

BAOBAB CHILDREN’S CENTER

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EAST ELEVATION 1:100 East elevation 1:100

ECOL

COCNRETE FOUNDATION WITH EARTHEN FLOOR FINISH

Toilet prin 1:50 PRINC

Prototype Phase 1

EAST ELEVATION 1:100 East elevation 1:100 From ECONEF:

ECOL

Toilet prin 1:50 PRINC

The layout of the house is inspired by the traditional Urban Swahili House typology with a central corridor that gives acces to adjacent rooms. The corridor ventilates the building, and cross ventilation through the rooms is made possible with ventilation grids on top of doors and windows. The water is collected from the roofs in the middle of the building and leads directly to three water tanks placed below. The water tanks will store water and offer a cool microclimate in the middle of the house. The management of Econef found this solution problematic. The biggest worry was the safety for the children, with big water tanks in the middle of the house, considering the risk of leakage. Taking this into consideration, we decided to modify the proposal.

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Prototype Phase 2 From ECONEF: In the second proposal, the concept of the building is kept the same, with a central ventilating corridor, and roofs tilting inwards to collect rainwater. The water tanks, however, are placed outside the building in connection to the rooms that require water.

One of the tanks provides the kitchen with water, and one of the tanks provides the washing room and shower with water. When the tanks are full, the pressure of the water is enough to lead the water to the taps. Below a certain level, the water has to be fetched with buckets from the tanks. Some water is pumped to a solar water heater on the roof, that gives hot water to the shower.

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Children’s Center Overview

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Children’s Center Details and Aperture

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Children’s Center Site and Entry

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Children’s Center Hand Fired Brick

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Critiques and Reviews of the Econef Children’s Center The Econef Childrens center has been general well received both by critics and its residence for careful attention to detail, participatory planning and low impact environmental strategies

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VILLA LUDDE, 2013

VAXMORASKOLAN, 2014

VILLA GRUSET, 2013

SOLLENTUNAVALLEN SPORTS HALL, 2013

BAOBAB HOUSE, 2013

RÄVSTA, 2014

NIBBLE GÅRDSCENTER, 2014

ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER , 2015

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HADARS HUS, 2015

SKOKLOSTER VÄRDSHUS, 2015

GRANRISET, 2016

Architect Asante Architecture and Design Timeline of Architects Work 2013-2016

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FISHING CABINS, 2000

FJÄLLHALSEN, 2012

ECONEF BAOBAB HOUSE, 2014

ÖREBRO WATER RESERVOIR, 0000

SOUTH OF NORTH - EXHIBITION, 2014

PETITE MAISO, 2015

ÄNGSMARKEN KINDERGARTEN, 0000

VIOLEN ATTIC FLATS, 2000

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ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER, 2015

CLOUD VILLA, 0000

MONIO - A MULTIPURPOSE BUILDING, 0000

Lonnqvist and Vanamo Architects Timeline of Architects Work 2000-2015

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TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT AND FINANCING

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TIMELINE OF CONSTRUCTION

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CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND DETAILS

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ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER: REGIONAL SITEPLAN

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ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER: LOCAL SITEPLAN

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ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER: FLOORPLAN LEVEL 1 Jackson | Kohman | Kim

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4

1

2

3

5

6

7

ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER: LONGITUDINAL SECTION

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1

BEDROOMS

2

STUDY

3

COURTYARD

4

PUBLIC YARD

5

NURSE OFFICE / STORAGE

6

PLANTATION AREA

7

WATER RESERVOIR

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1

2

3

4

ECONEF CHILDREN’S CENTER: TRANSVERSE SECTION

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1

BEDROOMS

2

STUDY

3

COURTYARD

4

CLASSROOMS

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!

- DO NOT FILL THE BUCKET MORE THAN IT CAN BE EASILY CARRIED BY ONE PERSON. WHEN IT’S -BY THIS DEFINITION- FULL, PUT THE LID ON AND CHANGE ITS POSITION WITH THE OTHER BUCKET.

ECOLOGICAL SANITATION

A urine separating composting toilet minimizes the use of water and enables recycling of both feces and urine that will be used as fertilizers for plantations. Two buckets for feces are rotated, one ofBUCKET, them TAKEonce THE FIRST is full it is emptied in a latrine compost before COVER it can be used onWITH COVER MATERIAL BOTTOM plantations. Urine is diverted into a separate plastic container and is diluted with water before being used to fertilize trees and plants.

1.

MANUAL COMPOSTING TOILET - FECES

2

Ventilation Pipe

3.

5 (meters)

5 (meters)

!

WHEN THE FIRST BUCKET IS FULL, PUT ASIDE WITH LID ON EXCHANGE THE POSITION OF BUCKET 1 & 2

2

Stones

2

1

2 1

5.

FULL

1.

2.

0

0

TAKE THE FIRST BUCKET, Feces Collection Feces Collection Door Door COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL AND START USING IT AGAINz

WHEN THE FIRST BUCKET IS FULL,

Ventilation Pipe

3.

Ventilation Pipe

DATE

ss

oil h

es

DATE

28 JUNE 28 2013 JUNE 2013 ECONEFECONEF CHILDREN'S CHILDREN'S CENTERCENTER Jua Kali,Jua Tanzania Kali, Tanzania SCALE SCALE

izes the use of water and hat will be used as fertilizers Asante Collective Asante // www.asante.se Collective // www.asante.se PLAN DRAWING PLAN DRAWING Dalagatan 34,Dalagatan 113 24 Stockholm, 34, 113 24 Sweden Stockholm, Sweden otated, one ofBUCKET, them All dimensions All dimensions in cm in cm TAKEonce THE FIRST ore COVER it can be used onWITH COVER MATERIAL BOTTOM e plastic container and is WHEN THE SECOND BUCKET IS FULL, EMPTY THE CONTENTS OF THE FIRST BUCKET IN tilize trees and plants.

4.

FULL

LATRINE COMPOST

Urine Diversion Urine Diversion Bowl Bowl

Stones

DO NOT FILL THE BUCKET MORE THAN ITLID CAN PUT ASIDE WITH ON EXCHANGE POSITION OFtoilet BUCKET 1 & 2 BE EASILY CARRIED BY ONE PERSON. WHEN Section THE urine separating T’S -BY THIS DEFINITION- FULL, PUT THE LID ON AND CHANGE ITS POSITION WITH THE OTHER TAKE SECOND BUCKET, BUCKET. COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL

2.

TAKE SECOND BUCKET, COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL

4.

!1.

1.

Ventilation Pipe

- DO NOT FILL THE BUCKET MORE THAN IT CAN BE EASILY CARRIED BY ONE PERSON. WHEN WHEN LID THE SECOND IT’S -BY THIS DEFINITION- FULL, PUT THE ON BUCKET IS FULL, EMPTY OLOGICAL SANITATION THE CONTENTS OF THE FIRST BUCKET IN AL COMPOSTING TOILET AND CHANGE ITS POSITION WITH THE OTHER THE LATRINE, WHILE PUTTING ASIDE THE S SECOND BUCKET WITH A LID. BUCKET.

rine separating composting toilet minimizes the use of water and bles recycling of both feces and urine that will be used as fertilizers plantations. Two buckets for feces are rotated, one ofBUCKET, them TAKEonce THE FIRST Urine Urine ALT 1 ALT 1 ull it is emptied in a latrine compost beforeGrass it canGrass be used onWITH COVER COVER BOTTOM MATERIAL Soil Soil ntations. Urine is diverted into a separate plastic container and is Urine Urine Geo cloth Geo cloth ALT 2 ALT 2 ted with water before being used to fertilize trees and plants.

FULL

THE LATRINE, WHILE PUTTING ASIDE THE SECOND BUCKET WITH A LID.

FULL

1:50 (A4) 1:50 (A4)

REV

REV

Energy and Sanitation From Econoef: A urine separating composting toilet minimizes the use of water and enables recycling of both feces and urine that will be used as fertilizers for plantations. Two buckets for feces are rotated, once one of them is full it is emptied in a latrine compost before it can be used on plantations. Urine is diverted into a separate plastic container and is diluted with water before being used to fertilize trees and plants.

DRAWING NODRAWING NO

A-21

A-21

LATRINE COMPOST

Urine Diversion Urine Diversion WHEN THE FIRST BUCKET IS FULL, Bowl 1.Bowl PUT ASIDE WITH LID ON FULL 2.

EXCHANGE THE POSITION OF BUCKET 1 & 2 TAKE THE FIRST BUCKET, Feces Collection Urine Urine Feces Collection ALT 1 ALT 1 Door Door COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL AND Ventilation Ventilation Pipe Pipe START USING IT AGAINz Urine Urine 2 ALT 2 TAKEALTSECOND BUCKET, COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL

5.

ction urine separating toilet

WHEN THE SECOND BUCKET IS FULL, EMPTY Jackson | Kohman Kim THE CONTENTS OF THE FIRST BUCKET| IN LATRINE COMPOST FULL THE LATRINE, WHILE PUTTING ASIDE THE DATE DATE 28 JUNE 28 2013 JUNE 2013 ECONEFECONEF CHILDREN'S CHILDREN'S CENTERCENTER SECOND BUCKET WITH A LID. Jua Kali,Jua Tanzania Kali, Tanzania SCALE

Urine Diversion Urine Diversion Bowl Bowl

PLAN DRAWING PLAN DRAWING

Asante Collective Asante // www.asante.se Collective // www.asante.se Dalagatan 34,Dalagatan 113 24 Stockholm, 34, 113 24 Sweden Stockholm, Sweden

REV

SCALE

1:50 (A4) 1:50 (A4) REV

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SE C T ION T WO

Construction Sequence | Structural Analysis

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Substructure: Descriptive Test The project is a post and beam structure system using a mix of cast in place concrete beams and foundations supplemented with dimensional framing elements at eave conditions. Columnar elements consist of load bearing hollow steel sections wrapped in handmade masonry.

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5 (meters) 2 1 0

Substructure: Soil Testing, seismic fasteners

Located in the Serenghetti, the soil conditions are primarily composed of volcanic ash from the nearby mountains. The substructure is a cast in place concrete foundation and slab system. Large excavations were accomplished by all local labors with no electrical power. Due to this condition, all construction had to be mechanically fastened in lieu of welding. Unitized material such a brick, stone and wood had to be cut off site prior to arriving.

The primary excavation for the project was for a water tank, to hold and sequester rainwater during the peak rain seasons in the Arusha Region.

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SECT

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ONSTRUCTION DRAWING

Superstructure

The primary stucture of the Children’s Center is a hybrid system of post and beam, with cast in place concrete.

Foundations are cast in place concrete foundations with footers.

The walls are also cast in place with #4 rebar and anchor bolts for the wall assembly.

Walls are a combination of steel tubes which hold the beams of the roof and are surrounded by cast on site brick and masonry for enclosure of spaces.

Roof construction is dimensional lumber with a corrugated sheet metal cladding.

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WING

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2

5 (meters)

CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

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STRUCTURAL PLAN DIAGRAM

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STRUCTURAL SECTION + ELEVATION DIAGRAM

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DY DISPLACEMENT

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DY DISPLACEMENT

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FX AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM

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FX AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM

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MOMENT DIAGRAM

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MOMENT DIAGRAM

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SE C T ION T HRE E Envelope Analysis

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Building Envelope: Descriptive Test The building envelope of the children’s center was designed as a holistically performative open air structure. Because it lacks mechanical conditioning, the structure is organized to capitalize on natural ventilation, thermal mass, orientation and careful detailing to achieve optimal climactic conditions for the project.

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Econef Childrens Center Performance Criteria Increase access to clean water and sustainable sanitary systems Increased knowledge about sustainable construction techniques using local materials Increased environmental engagement and awareness Increased knowledge about low cost and low maintenance construction techniques Increased economical sustainability by implementing renewable energy sources Create a self-sufficient center and reduce dependency on private donors Evalutate the results to improve the solutions in the next phase to build the Children’s Center.

From Children’s Center Booklet pg. 26

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Performance Criteria A criteria of performance was developed through prototyping and research to define expected results for the project and becomes the key criteria in which the building envelope is developed.

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The African Baobab tree reaches heights of 5 to 30 meters and has a trunk diameter from 7 to 11 meters. It is capable of storing up to 120 000 liters of water in the trunk.

Imitating the trunk of the baobab tree, the rain water harvesting system is integrated in the architectural design.

WATER

FOOD

to be self-sufficient cal sanitation ment connected to Kilimanjaro airport, we ofs and the water tanks ufficent on water for the e buildings are tilted collecting water in its ater tanks.

ENERGY

EP

P

NATURAL VENTILATION CROSS SECTION 1:100

RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM CROSS SECTION 1:100

SOLAR PANELS CREATE ELECTRICITY OVERFLOW ELECTRICITY IS STORED IN A SOLAR BATTERY

AN OPEN GUTTER AN ENCLOSED METALPIPE THAT LEADS THE WATER INTO THE TANKS WHEN TANK 1 IS FULL THE WATER RUNS INTO THE TANKS 2 AND 3

SHELTER

AN ENCLOSED FIRST FLUSH - PIPE WITH A TAP FOR EMPTYING THE WATER RUNS INTO THE TANKS AFTER THE FIRST FLUSH - PIPE HAS BEEN FILLED AN ENCLOSED METALLPIPE THAT LEADS THE WATER TO KITCHEN AND WASHROOM THE PIPE IS INTEGRATED IN THE FOUNDATION AND COVERED WITH A GRID

house is inspired capable of storing trunk, thus being an als. Imitating the trunk harvesting system is gn.

P

+

WATER PURIFICATION FILTER WITH ACTIVE CARBON TREADLE PUMP IS USED TO PUMP THE SHOWER WATER UP TO THE ROOF AND INTO A SOLAR WATER HEATER AN OVERFLOW PIPE

MEDEL:

OCT

NOV

AN ENCLOSED METALPIPE WITH A TAP FOR EMPTYING THE TANKS WHEN THE WATERLEVEL IS LOW

DEC

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

OCT

NOV

2

1

3

DEC

MEDEL:

OCT

NOV

RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM LONGITUDINAL SECTION 1:100

DEC

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

BAOBAB CHILDREN’S CENTER

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SOLAR ENERGY CROSS SECTION 1:100

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Climactic Determinants Taking design cues from the Baobab tree, the project conceives of a strong base to store water utilizing a butterfly roof system.

Since the Arusha area of Tanzania experiences heavy rainfall followed by a dry season, long term water collection became a pivotal strategy for a performative building envelope. However, after initial prototyping left the ferro-concrete tank prone to leak, the community decided to bury the larger water catchment underground.

Wind and dust create significant problems during the dry season and prevail from the north east requiring a site orientation to shelter courtyards from direct exposure.

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SOLAR PANELS

SOLAR WATER HEATER

+

SOLAR PANELS CREATE ENERGY OVERFLOW ELECTRICITY IS STORED IN A SOLAR BATTERY

AN OPEN GUTTER AN ENCLOSED FIRST FLUSH - PIPE WITH A TAP FOR EMPTYING

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THE WATER RUNS INTO THE TANKS AFTER THE FIRST FLUSH - PIPE HAS BEEN FILLED

TREADLE PUMP IS USED TO PUMP THE SHOWER WATER UP TO THE ROOF AND INTO A SOLAR WATER HEATER

AN ENCLOSED METALPIPE THAT LEADS THE WATER INTO THE TANKS

AN OVERFLOW PIPE

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C

5 (meters)

51 46

100

184

97

14

3

28

Solar Environmental Control, Sanitation and Ventilation

LATRINE COMPOST

A

FULL

Solar control is accomplished through generous roof overhang, wooden louver windows with options of solar water heating on site and solar panels on the roof. Though minimized in the final design due to cost the model remains viable usage of building envelope for energy generation and use.

A

2

104

126

Toilet areas are use open air ventilation and vent pipes to expunge compromised air.

DATE SCALE

A-21

DRAWING NO

A-30

Econef Children’s Center | 83

C

Foundation

9,41 m2

320

49 50

14

Foundation 87,48 m2

1

240

99

265

100

0

23

D

248

192

+ 0,03 WC

5 (meters)

206

23

+/- 0,0

+ 0,02

+ 0,03

2

23 - 0,105

+ 0,02

Bedroom

1

120 + 0,03

+/- 0,0

89

320

Watertank

274

- 0,105 A 4,72 m² H 2,30 m

60

+ 0,03

0

60

Washroom

Shower

125 15

REV

DRAWING NODRAWING NO

A-21

+ 0,02

+ 0,02

REV

14

74

B

1:50 (A4) 1:50 (A4)

PLAN DRAWING PLAN DRAWING All dimensions All dimensions in cm in cm

166

REV

DATE

28 JUNE 28 2013 JUNE 2013 ECONEFECONEF CHILDREN'S CHILDREN'S CENTERCENTER Jua Kali,Jua Tanzania Kali, Tanzania SCALE SCALE

Asante Collective Asante // www.asante.se Collective // www.asante.se Dalagatan 34,Dalagatan 113 24 Stockholm, 34, 113 24 Sweden Stockholm, Sweden

23

14

+ 0,02

Storage

Jackson | Kohman | Kim

DATE

208

95

126 14

ECONEF CHILDREN'S CENTER Jua Kali, Tanzania

Asante Collective // www.asante.se Dalagatan 34, 113 24 Stockholm, Sweden

45 49 52

19

TAKE THE FIRST BUCKET, Feces Collection Feces Collection Door Door COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL AND START USING IT AGAINz

Section urine separating toilet

14

+ 0,03

Stones

126 15

+ 0,03

Stones

5.

49 48

14

2.

B

1

Foundation

9,41 m2

WHEN THE SECOND BUCKET IS FULL, EMPTY THE CONTENTS OF THE FIRST BUCKET IN THE LATRINE, WHILE PUTTING ASIDE THE SECOND BUCKET WITH A LID.

45

987

Urine Diversion Urine Diversion Bowl Bowl

Urine ALT 2

32

4061.

TAKE SECOND BUCKET, COVER BOTTOM WITH COVER MATERIAL 294 126

4.

Urine ALT 2

+ 0,02

Ventilation Pipe

FULL

14

3.

Drip irrigation system with plantations

95

291

Ventilation Pipe

42

60

Connected to grey water bucket

51 52 51

60

23

WHEN THE FIRST BUCKET IS FULL, PUT ASIDE WITH LID ON 3 14 EXCHANGE THE POSITION OF BUCKET 1 & 2

40

15

94

95

15

Kitchen + 0,03

274

2

192

60

- 0,315

Watertank

- 0,315 A 3,10 m² H 2,30 m

plantations. Urine is diverted into a separate plastic container and is diluted with water before being used to fertilize trees and plants.

Soil Geo cloth

89

+/- 0,0

+/- 0,0

23

C

PIPE LEADING TO WATERING PLANTS

Soil Geo cloth

48 48

321

+ 0,02

D

A4

FILTER

GREY WATER BUCKET

Urine ALT 1

45 14

A urine separating toilet minimizes theSO use of water and ALSO CHECK THE composting WATERING PIPES 206 enables recycling of both feces and urine that will be used as fertilizers THE PERFORATION ALLOWS THE WATER for plantations. Two buckets for feces are rotated, one ofBUCKET, them TAKEonce THE FIRST is full it isTO emptied in a latrine compost it can be used onWITH COVER MATERIAL BOTTOM 1.before COVER POUR OUT.

Urine ALT 1

283

+ 0,03

!

280

- DO NOT FILL THE BUCKET MORE THAN IT CAN BE EASILY CARRIED BY ONE PERSON. WHEN IT’S -BY THIS DEFINITION- FULL, PUT THE LID ON 29 AND CHANGE ITS POSITION WITH OTHER 14 THE 45 50 184 BUCKET.

D ECOLOGICAL SANITATION

Grass

97

Bedroom

MANUAL COMPOSTING TOILET - FECES

In kitchen, washroom and showers only biodegradable soap and detergent is used. The water is filtered from large particles and is then diverted into a grey water bucket that slowly leads the water to a drip irrigation system, watering and fertilizing the kitchen plantation outside of the house.

Grass

187

6

257 23

GREY WATER SYSTEM

WEEK.

23

CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS FOUNDATION AND FLOOR FINISH

WALLS

TRUSSES

ROOF COVER

Material: Concrete Dimensions: Ground 300 mm, floor finish 30 mm Life cycle: Min 40 years Properties: + Locally available, can be produced at the site + Requires transportation of raw material from a nearby village - Cement manufacture is energy consuming and produces carbondioxide which contributes to the global warming - Good fire-resistance properties

Material: Traditional burnt brick Dimensions: 200 x 100 x 100 mm Life cycle: Min 60 years Properties: + Locally available + Traditionally used for wall construction + Good fire-resistance properties - Manufacture requires firewood

Material: Timber Dimensions: 5500 x 1000 mm Life cycle: Min 40 years Properties: + Natural, renewable material + Esthetical benefits - Attracts termites and other rodents, has to be treated - Combustible material, but burning occurs at a predictable speed known as the charring rate - Requires transportation from a nearby village

Material: Corrugated iron sheets Dimensions: Width 990 mm Length 6000 mm Life cycle: Rusting can occur with time. Can be painted to extend the service life.

Properties: + Locally available material + Relatively light material compared with roof tiles, enables smaller dimensions for the roof structure + Low maintenance - Requires ransportation from Arusha - Manufacture is energy consuming and produces carbondioxide which contributes to global warming

From Children’s Center Booklet pg. 28-31

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Material and Enclosure

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FACADE

DOORS AND WINDOWS

WATER TANKS

Material: Sisal poles Dimensions: 3000 mm Life cycle: Min 10 years Properties: + Natural, renewable material + Available locally + Esthetical benefits - Attracts termites and other rodents, has to be treated - Combustible material - Requires transportation from a nearby village

Material: Local hardwood Dimensions: 1000 x 1200 mm Life cycle: Min 20 years Properties: + Natural, renewable material + Available locally + Esthetical benefits - Attracts termites and other rodents, has to be treated - Combustible material - Requires transportation from a nearby village

Material: Ferrocement (cement reinforced with wire mesh) Dimensions: 5000 l (diameter 2200 mm) Life cycle: Min 25 years Properties: + Cheaper than a plastic tank + Can be repaired and maintained on site - The technology is quite simple to implement, but requires skilled labourers

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View, privacy, Ventilation

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Interior/Exterior

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SE C T ION F OUR Axonometric Diagrams

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Connection of Interior and Exterior Spaces

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BIBLIOGR APHY ECONEF PROJECT MANUAL: “Econef Children’s Center: Arkitekter Utan Gränser.” Startsidan - Arkitekter utan gränser, n.d. http://www.arkitekterutangranser.se/content_block/econef-publikationer/ econef-childrens-center-4.

ARCH DAILY: “Gallery of Econef Children’s Center / Asante Architecture&Design Lönnqvist & Vanamo Architects - 2.” ArchDaily, n.d. https://www.archdaily.com/923371/econef-childrens-center-asantearchitecture-and-design-plus-lonnqvist-and-vanamo-architects/5d5cc18228 4dd16620000489-econef-childrens-center-asante-architecture-and-designplus-lonnqvist-and-vanamo-architects-photo?next_project=no.

Design, Asante Architecture & “Econef Children’s Center by Asante Architecture & Design: Schools.” Architonic. Architonic, July 22, 2019. https:// www.architonic.com/en/project/asante-architecture-design-econef-childrenscenter/20056956.

“Asante Architecture & Design Lönnqvist Vanamo Architects.” South of North, n.d. https://southofnorth.squarespace.com/asante-lov.

http://econef.org/timeline/

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Econef, Asante Arkitektur & Design, and Lonnqvist Vanamo Architects for documentation and publications used to produce this research booklet!

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