Kharkov city analysis

City analysis Tutor: Petr Navrat Subject: Urban Planning Brief survey and city pictogram Tutor: Petr Navrat Subject: Urban Planning Alex Yeloyeva Semester: winter 18/19 ARCHIP

Basic data about city

Basic descriprion of Kharkiv

Name: Region: Country: State status Districts: Founded:

Kharkov Kharkov region Ukraine Regional center 9 1654

Coordinates: Elevation: Total Area: Language: Population: Population density:

50°0’16’’N 36°13’53’’E 152 m 350 km2 Ukrainian 1 447 049 4134/km2

Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.In the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the Slobozhanshchyna historical region. The city was founded in 1654 and after a humble beginning as a small fortress grew to be a major center of Ukrainian industry, trade and culture in the Russian Empire.

Kharkiv was the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, from December 1919 to January 1934, after which the capital relocated to Kiev. Presently, Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with 6 museums, 7 theaters and 80 libraries.

Kharkov industry:

City analysis structure:

Its industry specializes primarily in machinery and in electronics. There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory (leaders in world tank production from the 1930s to the 1980s); Khartron (aerospace and nuclear power plants automation electronics); the Turboatom (turbines for hydro-, thermal- and nuclear-power plants), and Antonov (the multipurpose aircraft manufacturing plant).

- Relation between historic events, city population and city size -7 staged of city development: 1. Middle XVII-middle XVIII - cossacks period 2.1765 - 1860s - the development of Kharkov as an administrative, trade, craft and cultural center of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province 3. Middle XIX - 1917 - Industrialization 4. 1917-1934 - first capital 5. 1941 - 1948 - The period of war, occupation and post-war reconstruction of the city.

6. 1948-1991 - Soviet Kharkov 7. 1991 - 2018 - Independent Ukraine -City reflections

Kharkiv satellite map 1:15 000

Master plan key Existing / Planned

City boarder Service buildings and bases Public green spaces Recreation spaces Residential private houses Industrial buildings Markets and selling points Reconstructions Residential apartment buildings Cemeteries Public buildings Stadiums and sport facilities Garden communities Research institutions Other green spaces Healthcare buildings Railway line Other land Organizations of external transport Borders of industrial areas Architecture landmark River and lakes Historical area Railway lines Special usage territory Educational facilities Main streets

The leading institutions of the city participated in the drafting of amendments to the master plan were: - LLC “Institute” UkrKomNNIIproekt “ - PRAT “Design and Research Institute Kharkiv Promstroindpriproekt”

Kharkiv Master plan for 2025, 1:15 000

Master plan description The priorities in social and economic development of the city are: • Increasing the comfort of the formed urban development (especially the city center) due to its reconstruction, restoration and modernization; • Search of the necessary territorial resources for placing various variants and types of housing in a complex with service, planting of greenery, transportation and engineering support; • Raising the level of housing security and a wide range of social services; • Development of a network of higher educational establishments, research and design institutes, national academies; • Maximum possible preservation of historical and cultural heritage; • Raising the level of population security with green public use, institutions and recreation and sports facilities; • Stabilization and development of the existing social and industrial complex through restructuring (especially in large enterprises), modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production; • Formation and development of special regimes of investment and innovation activity in order to provide favorable conditions and attract domestic and foreign investments for creation and development of production based on new and high technologies; • Formation of zones for the development of small and medium-sized businesses;

City analysis Subject: Urban Planning I Tutor: Petr Navrat Mission: Analysis of the development of this city since 1700 to present days. Student should look at changes in the physical form its morphology, spread, development of secondary centers or edge cities as well as changes in its demographics and economy. How has the population changed over the time? How was the structure of the city both physical as well as demographic affected by the industrial revolution?

Students should make relevant reference to the theoretical framework offered by the course and relate this to the development of your case study city.

Target To develop an awareness of socio-social processes and factors that shaped the city To develop research skills and ability to obtain relevant socio-economic and spatial data • To develop presentation skills Outputs Booklet and presentation

7 stages of urban development: 1. Middle XVII-middle XVIII - cossacks period 2.1765 - 1860s - the development of Kharkov as an administrative, trade, craft and cultural center of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province 3. Middle XIX - 1917 - Industrialization 4. 1917-1934 - first capital 5. 1941 - 1948 - The period of war, occupation and post-war reconstruction of the city.

6. 1948-1991 - Soviet Kharkov 7. 1991 - 2018 - Independent Ukraine

1654

1742

1827

1866

1938

1980s

Relation between historic stages, city population and city size

2000000

1. Middle XVII-middle XVIII - cossacks period

2. 1765 - 1860s - the developm administrative, trade, craft an of the Sloboda-Ukrainian prov

1500000

1000000

700000

350000

50000 200

6000

7000

9500

1100

ment of Kharkov as an nd cultural center vince

00 17424 25000 30600

3. Middle XIX - 1917 Industrialization

4. 1917-1934 5. 6. 1948 -1991 7. 1991 - 2018 Soviet Kharkov Independent first capital 1800000 Ukraine

1500000 1490674

900000 750000

173389 200000 60708

102049

190000

1000000

1. 1654 - 1765 - cossacks period The emergence of the city is closely connected with the liberation war of the Ukrainian people (1648-1554) and the reunification of Ukraine with Russia.

More than three centuries ago, in 1654-1655, fleeing from the oppression of Polish, a large group of migrants from Zadneprovya came to the territory of the present city, which was part of Moscow State, and settled on a hill, at the crossing of the Lopan and Kharkov rivers (now University hill). The settlers built their homes here and surrounded them with a palisade. This settlement became known as Kharkiv after the river on which it was built.

The name of the river Kharkov was known before the foundation of the city.

1654

Soon the construction of the fortress began.

In 1656 - 1659, the first inhabitants of the settlement, under the leadership of the representative of the Russian government in Kharkov, voivods Selifontov built a wooden fortress, which was included in the fortification system designed to protect southern Russian lands from the attack of the Crimean Tatars.

The construction of the fortress and other fortifications that protected the inhabitants from the predatory raids of the enemy, contributed to the increase in population. Every year the number of immigrants who arrived here grew, and soon, unable to stay within the fortress, they began to settle around the fortifications, and therefore the first streets appeared in Kharkov in the second half of the 17th century.

Kharkiv’ wooden fortress from southeast, 1659

“University hill” from southeast, 2018

Model of Kharkiv’ wooden fortress from southeast, second half of XVII century

“University hill” from northeast bird-eye view, 2018

Fortress plan, second half of XVII century

1. Middle XVII-middle XVIII - cossacks period Streets formed on the territory of settlements, the emergence of which in most cases is associated with the development of handicraft production: artisans of one profession settled in certain places. Hence the names of such streets as Kuznechnaya, Chebotarskaya, Goncharovskaya, Kotsarskaya, Rymarskaya and many others. Along with the spread of crafts and trades, trade developed in Kharkov.

Map of settlements around Kharkiv, 1725

17th century Kharkiv people were: -cossacks (regimental) -burghers (medieval citizens, social class from which city officials could be drawn) -craftsmen

At the end of the 17th century, settlements appeared around the Kharkiv Fortress, which were called suburban settlements.

Their inhabitants were engaged in farming, crafts, trade.

Kharkov map from 1742

Sumy Belgorod

1654-1660

Moscow

Poltava

1742 Zmiiv

Streets/roads leading to other cities in the state Fortress Market square

Part of the streets, in essence, were the roads leading to different cities of the state. Such roads radially diverged from the fortress, and between them were empty spaces, the so-called Levads. At that time, one of the first streets of the city, Moskovskaya (now Moskovsky Prospect), appeared, along which the road to Moscow ran. Also appeared the name of other streets, relative to the cities in which they led. Many have kept their name until our time.

Back in 1659, the city received permission to hold the annual Assumption Fair and weekly trading. With the development of trade is associated with the emergence of some squares and streets. The place near the eastern wall of the fortress, where the fair was going to be, became the main fairground of the city (now the Constitution Square, one of the main squares of the city until now).

2. 1765 - 1860s - the development of Kharkov as an administrative, trade, craft and cultural center of the SlobodaUkrainian province.

In 1765, Kharkiv became a provincial town - the center of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province.

Since 1835 - the center of the Kharkov province/ region.

In 1787- the City Duma began its work. At this time, under the leadership of the provincial architect P. Yaroslavsky, a student of the famous Russian architect V. Bazhenov, work was done on drawing up plans for building up the city.

Gradually, Kharkov grew. In 1794 there were more than 11 thousand inhabitants.

Kharkov map from 1782

Kharkov map from 1804

Poltava, Sumy, Zmiyev, Chuguev, Taganrog, Moscow. The most actively revealed are the western and southeastern directions. Actively Kharkov map from 1787 growing suburban settlements (AfanasyevOn the map 1804. the existing network of ka, Dovgalevka, Nemyshlyanskaya), and then main streets is already visible. They were suburban villages are gradually incorporated into formed in the direction of roads to other cities: the urban area.

By the beginning of the XIX century. The population of the city was 12 thousand people. By this time, defensive walls were disassembled as unnecessary. In place of the moats and ramparts, a half-ring of retail space was formed: the Fairground (now Constitution), Narodnaya (Rosa Luxemburg, now Independence), Lopansky Bazaar (Proletarian). New impetus to the active growth of the city gave the opening in 1805. Kharkov University. It was located in the former Government House. Gradually, an ensemble of university buildings and the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral, the main high-rise dominant of the city, were formed.

Kharkov university, 1805

In the construction of this ensemble took part the first architects of Kharkov: Peter Yaroslavsky, Yevgeny Vasilyev, Andrey Ton, who worked in the style of early classicism Assumption Cathedral, 1845

2. 1765 - 1860s - the development of Kharkov as an administrative, trade, craft and cultural center of the SlobodaUkrainian province.

1827

The city was a military defense and artisanagricultural center. In the 17th century, the city became the center of numerous fairs, and gradually turned into a trade and craft, and later a factory center.

At the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century, manufactories appeared in Kharkov, the first factories and factories appeared. Already in 1810, copper-smelting and metal-working workshops worked in the city, in 1835 - a cast iron foundry, and in the 40s - a match factory.

The emergence of industrial enterprises had an impact on the increase in the population and the growth of the city. By 1837 in Kharkov there were more than seventy industrial enterprises: mills, salotopok, distilleries and tanneries.

As before, the city was built up mainly with wooden buildings. In 1845 there were 3,762 wooden ones and only 544 stone buildings.

Assumption Cathedral, 1860

3. Middle XIX - 1917 - Industrialization

1854

1866

1852 - highway Kharkov-Kursk (connection with Moskow) 1861 - abolition of serfdom Sequence of laws encouraging moving into the cities, educational and financial reforms 1869 - railway and first public Alexander Hospital.

1871 - gas lightening 1880 - opening of medical faculty building 1881 - plumbing system 1882 - horse trams (12km) 1885 - foundation of Technical university 1886 - opened public library and art museum 1886 - first urban plan 1889 - artesian well 1897 - produced first train, first electro-station built(400 kilowatt) 1894 - 1907 - Public city park; landscaping and paving of the main streets; monuments are errected; draining wetlands and flooded areas; 1902 - Annunciation cathedral and many others 1906 - electrical trams 1910 - sewage

Rope factory exterior. 1890s

Rope factory interior. 1890s

1896

1880

Annunciation cathedral, 1902

3. Middle XIX - 1917 - Industrialization Kharkiv is becoming one of the largest economic centers of the country. Factors that have a direct impact on the economic growth of Kharkov are the development of the city as a transport hub, and the abolition of serfdom. Since 1858, “exemplary projects” have been abolished, architects and customers have complete freedom in choosing a style. Eclectic buildings appear in the style of pseudo-gothic, neoclassicism, in the “Russian” brick style and in the new “modern” style.

Fire track beginning of 20th century

First electro-station, 1997

Hours tram, 1882

Health care in the city was actively developing.

On its outskirts was founded Saburova cottage - the largest psychiatric hospital of the Russian Empire. In 1869, the first city hospital was opened, which was accessible to low-income people as well.

In the late XIX - early XX centuries construction of large buildings begins in Kharkiv: tenement houses, banks, factories, manufactories, trade enterprises, warehouses. To ensure integrated design and construction works, private design offices appear.

In 1899, there were 259 factories and plants in the city, 59 of them were engineering and metalworking enterprises, which employed 11,608 people. By 1917, the number of machinebuilding and metal-working enterprises exceeded 150, and the number of workers in them increased to 35,000. The offices of the largest in Russia syndicates Prodamet and Produgol were established in the city, and the meetings of miners were held.

By the beginning of the XX century the population of the city grows to 200 thousand people, by 1917 - 382 thousand people.

First trams beginning of 20th century: above - Sergey raws left - Kates square

1912 - Kharkov South Railway station and its administration. The biggest administrative building in the city at the time

3. Middle XIX - 1917 - Industrialization The layout of Kharkov that was formed at the beginning of the 20th century was a radialcircular scheme with a fractional system of regularly planned quarters. Narrow, densely located streets, oriented towards the ensemble of the historically established urban center, were united by a system of radial directions laid along the slopes. A city-planning project for the development of the city is being created.

City master plan 1903

The project envisaged an increase in the number of city blocks, straightening and laying of new streets, straightening of river beds, and strengthening of embankments. For the first time, the central regions of the city were identified on the plan, for which the mode of building zoning was determined. The plan remained valid legal document until 1917.

Several planning districts are being formed: the historically established center on University Hill, with the ring of squares and Sumskaya Street; a new shopping center in the area of​​ Privokzalnaya Square, Ekaterinoslavskaya and Blagoveshchenskaya streets; new industrial area near the Balashovskaya railway station.

The area of Kharkov in 1910 reached about 10 thousand hectares. The growth of housing construction and the increased demand for land plots led to the fact that large land plots were broken up and new streets, districts and villages appeared. Large landowners sold through banks and various credit institutions small plots around Kharkov for summer cottages. Until 1917, more than 60 such sales took place.

old historic center new commercial center industrial area train-stations city border summer cottages

Thus arose the villages of Lipovaya Grove, Yasnaya Polyana, Yuzhny, High, Green Guy, Minute, and others.

City skyline, end of 17th century

City skyline, end of 18th century

City skyline, end of 19th century

4. 1917-1934 - first capital

1938

The period of active urban planning, architectural competitions, constructivism style.

Metalworking and engineering center.

After the revolution of 1917 to 1920, construction was interrupted, the population of the city decreased from 380 to 285 thousand.

11 - 12 December , 1917 The First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets declared Kharkiv the capital of the Soviet Ukraine.

As soon as city bacame capital, new master plans and competitions for city buildings went into the action. City needed new image with new centre, which would represent new ideology.

1920s The northen part of the city above old centre was intensively renovated and along with it the source of the new construction was the Rubanovka village in the eastern part of the city across the Kharkiv River; district Zhuravlevka, which connected a whole series of separate settlements; the village "Red October", located in the north-west of the city behind the line of the southern railway. All construction activity until 1923 was aimed at the elimination of military destruction in order to restore the housing stock.

Desurbanistic ideas of urban planning in the construction of Kharkov were implemented on the example of the creation of workers' settlements, close to the territories of industrial enterprises.

In the solutions of residential houses, the most rational types of apartment layouts were worked out, which were later implemented in residential

complexes with a full service system. In the first half of the 1920s. the first 4 workers of the settlement along Moskovsky avenue (Metallist settlement, 1923-1924) and Plekhanovskaya Street (settlement named after Artyom , 19261929), as well as in the area of New ​​ Bavaria and in the area of ​​the Sorting station (Krasny Oktyabr settlement).

The search for a new typology of housing in the architecture of Kharkov is marked by a gradual transition from cottage-type settlements to individual houses of sectional development. At the stage of mass housing architecture, multi-story section residential houses are being built, as well as communal houses with the socialized sector, mainly by means of cooperative construction.

renovation of upland district new main square villages workers settlements city growth 1930

biggest factories

1926 Aircraft 1927 Machine-Building

“New Life” or “Red October””

1929 railway carriage

Nagornyy (upland) district

Zhuravlevka district

1896 Сonfectionery Metalist

1923 bicycles

Rubanovka distrcit 1900 machinery

New Bavaria

1936 coking

1895 Locomotive Artem

1835 Turboatom 1947 bearings 1931 Tractors “New Kharkov”

1946 turbo- and hydrogenerator

4. 1917-1934 - first capital 1930s In 1930s the main compositional task of the master plan was to ensure the architectural integrity of the new architectural ensembles by creating circular and intersecting highways, which were to provide a convenient and accessible connection between separate planning districts bypassing the center. The solution to the problem of transport services was assumed by creating a system of citywide highways connecting intercity The scheme of the main highways of Kharkov: and suburban high-speed electric and automobile A - existing for the period of development of the plan; B roads with intersections at different levels. design radial-ring scheme

Upland district

KhTZ/settlement “New Kharkov�

Realised parts of city master plan of 1934

1927, Residential complex on Danilevskoho street, upland district

Mansions and the most sturdy buildings were occupied by new Soviet institutions, large apartments in apartment buildings were occupied by rooms: at that time, the concept of “communal housing” appeared. New “do-ma-communes”, settlements of “new life”, workers’ settlements next to factories, cottages for foreign specialists were also built. For the construction of workers’ settlements, typical projects of 2, 3 and 4-storey section houses with various sections blocking options were used. New types of buildings and structures appear: working clubs, theaters, stadiums .

4. 1917-1934 - first capital Linear city “New Kharkov” In May 1930, construction began on the Kharkov Tractor Factory (KhTZ) and on October 1, 1931 it was already operational. Next to the factory, on the distance 8 km from city line at the time, construction of socialistic city “New Kharkiv” began and was finished in one year. This area, designed for the residence of 350 thousand inhabitants, became one of the most realized parts of the general plan of Kharkov in the prewar period.

1930 - Tractor factory On the social city "New Kharkov" was used the concept of a linear city planning. The production sector with the buildings of the tractor plant under construction was separated from the residential settlement by a strip of green space about 500 m wide. Construction of the residential and production buildings began simultaneously. The first phase of the construction of the social city "New Kharkov" included the construction of 5 enlarged rectangular blocks of 8-10 hectares. The quarters were called residential complexes. They consisted of houses and institutions of cultural and community purpose.

Section houses

Two types of layouts were designed: the first type included residential buildings and public sector buildings, the second type - residential buildings with family apartments and single rooms. The height of houses 4 and 6 floors. The buildings of kindergartensnurseries and canteens 2-storey, detached.

1928_Housing complex Voenved

1926_House “Word”

1930-32, Residential quarters of the first phase of the construction of the social city “New Kharkov”.

General view of the building complex New Kharkov from Frunze Avenue

Plan of the part of “New Kharkov”

4. 1917-1934 - first capital In architecture, a new direction - constructivism appears, a search is underway for a new architectural language that corresponds to a new time and a new social structure and way of life. A brief period of constructivism architecture is represented in Kharkov, perhaps more widely than in other major cities of the former USSR: it perfectly matches the image of the new capital, the huge industrial city and the pinnacle of this style became the world famous Gosprom, which 1935 - bird eye view on new main square district became the symbol of the city.

At the same time, many churches were purposefully destroyed. The squares and streets were renamed in accordance with the new communist ideology, many historical names were lost. The elimination of private ownership of land contributed to the implementation of grandiose town-planning activities: the idea of expanding the streets, creating squares and housing estates appeared.

1930 - GOSPROM front view

1928 - main post office on trainstation square

By the 1940th year, the number of industrial enterprises in Kharkov reached 200, the volume of production increased by 12 times compared with 1913. The city had 36 universities (42 thousand students), 41 technical schools (14 thousand students), 138 schools (96 thousand students), 14 theaters, 60 clubs, 304 libraries, 2 million square meters built. m housing. Since 1932, Kharkiv became the regional center.

1928-1935_master plan of new construction on new square on upland district

1928 - GOSPROM plan

5. 1941 - 1948 - The period of war, occupation and post-war reconstruction of the city.

During the years of the fascist occupation (October 20, 1941 - August 23, 1943), the majority of enterprises, as well as 1 million. 600 thousand square meters. housing was destroyed, water supply, sewerage and gas supply, all types of transport were disabled. The damage caused by the war was estimated at 33.5 billion rubles.

1941 - air-shot of city before occupation

1943 - main square during occupation

In September 1943, the Gorproject design institute was founded (Kharkivproject), whose task was to rebuild the city. By 1945, 600 enterprises, water supply and transportation were restored. The population of the city amounted to 459.3 thousand people by this time. During these years, the Acting Institute was opened, a book publishing house was established, the Tile factory and the Road Machinery Plant were built. A new master plan for the development of the city was completed. In 1948, industrial production reached the pre-war level, more than 700,000 square meters housing and restored railways were built. In 1949 the Polytechnical Institute (KPI) was formed. By 1950, the population of Kharkov reached 718.2 thousand people.

6. 1948-1991 - Soviet Kharkov 1948-1958 - a new stage of growth and development of the city.

1959 - 1991 - transition to industrial housing construction, active growth of industry. Kharkiv is becoming one of the largest educational and scientific centers of the USSR. Infrastructure development, the emergence of the subway.

1950 - KhTZ 1950 - air-shot of “Pavel’s field” district

1957 - New Houses district street

In 1952 a new station was built., in 1955 a television center was opened in the Gosprom, in 1957 a Planetarium was opened.

Since 1958, a new housing program has been adopted in the USSR: house-building is being transferred to an industrial basis. Economically profitable standard projects of small-sized housing (later learning the name "Khrushchevka") are being created in order to provide the population with living space as soon as possible. The rapid growth of new residential areas: Pavlova Fields, New Houses, and the selection station begins. By 1962, the population of the city reached 1 million people.

At this time high-rise buildings began to rise, the general plan of which was developed by the Giprostroy Institute. The residential area according to the plan (which was actually implemented) began to be built up with panel 9, 12, 16-storey sectional and dotted complexes, as well as 5-storey sectional houses. Mass construction was carried out until the 90s. The last were built up areas of North Saltovka and st. Krasnodar.

1970 Alekseyevka

1950 Pavel’s fields

1960s Saltovka

1957 “New Houses”

1970s - Aleksyevka

1956 - Luxemburg square

1960 - cinema Kiev

1957 - New Houses district street

1966 - Lenina avenue

1986 - Saltovka

1986 - University hill from east

1986 - Saltovka

1986 - University hill Constitution square 1986 - Rose Luxemburg square

1986 - circus 1986 - riverbank

7. 1991 - 2018 - Independent Ukraine

The main industrial-residential formations were formed in 7 main directions: The western direction is Poltavsky Shliakh, with the areas of estate development and the historical development that has been formed in the central part of the city.

7 main city directions

North-west direction - Klochkivskaya street and Science avenue with residential areas of multi-apartment buildings Oleksiivka, Pavlovskaya Pole and new estate development Ivanivka, Pavlivka.

The northern direction is the street. Sumy, built mostly blocks of historic buildings and the northern district, formed.

Northeastern direction - st. Academician Pavlova, built, mainly, multiapartment buildings with settlements of manor development Zhuravlivka, Tyurinka, B. Danilivka. To this direction are attracted Saltovsky and NorthSaltovsky industrial facilities.

The main industrial areas of the city - Balashovsky, Ordzhonikidzevsk, as well as residential areas of multi-apartment buildings (Selection, New houses, district of KhTZ, Rogan) and manor development (Eastern, NovoOriental, village Frunze, Pyatihatki).

The southern direction is Gagarin Avenue, partly built with multi-apartment buildings, and the settlement of Osnova. This direction is between Dykanivska and Balashovsky industrial zones.

South-west direction - st. October Revolution, built by manor buildings of Levada, Moskalivka, Novozhanovo and Dikaniv industrial area.

City pictogram Subject: Architecture and City Tutor: Radek Kolařík Mission: Based on personal knowledge, study of basic informations and documentation and based on knowledge gained during affiliated seminars students are asked to express their chosen city analysis and concept/vision. All parts of the project “City Pictogram” are linked – there is a relation between them (which relation is the relevant one is up to student`s judgment) –all of them constitute the final output = e.g. overall impression. Adviced is to ellaborate all parts of each phase (Basic data, Analysis, Concept, Proposal) simultaneously and find the balance of the tools/features chosen for each part thoroughly.

Target To find, develop and express vision of the city of interest. Based on analytical view on interpretation of the existing situation confronted with interpretation of two chosen historical plans. Geomorphological transformation, urban corpus structure heterogeneity and particularity decoding to be dismantled, unveiled and to be used as ground for student`s own attitude. Directed information choice level. Accuracy, creativity, advancement rationalization are expected.

Outputs Booklet and 3D print as graphical reaction on analysis of the city research with the possible solutions/ideas related to city issues.

City formation analysis: The formed planning structure of the city of Kharkiv can be defined as a radial, with elements of the ring system.

This planning structure has two main disadvantages: 1. All directions converge practically at one point - the zone of the historical center; 2. There are no ring or semicircular jumpers for communication with these areas (except for a solution on the 50th anniversary of the USSR and the Moscow avenue).

The existing Circuit road practically does not work for city servicing.

From the analysis of the existing planning and the formed planning structure, it is obvious that the main drawback is the radiality of the citywide highways, converging practically at one point, the historical core of the center.

General city scheme

This 2D pictogram is an abstract diagram showing the monocentric chracter of the expansion of the city with the historic centre at the core. It depicts the centralised traffic with not functioning ringstrasse around, as well as cities fragmantent residential development with green area in them.

Kharkov city pictogram 1:15 0000

The 3D pictogram shows city expansion with the height responding to the urban density of construction concentration and shapes simbolising the type of activity (rounded - culture& retail / angular - residential & industrial). On the pictogram also visible how roades are related to city formation and its current development.

Kharkov 3D print orthphoto 1:15 0000

He’s centered around his diverse history, education and culture, while being surrounded by grey living routine and industry.

He has plenty of possibilities and potential, but he’s being misled.

He needs: protection of his heritage respect to his history focus on education

Story He needs you

contrast

grey city with bright houses all the layers behind illusion of emptiness Gloss

metro boulot dodo closed in trivial round, when there is so much to be opened around Gloss

References History and city development stages: 1. https://www.kharkov.ua/culture/1.html 2. http://kharkov.vbelous.net/kharborn.htm 3. http://guide.kharkov.ua/ru/7.html 4. http://flibusta.site/b/400018/read - Kharkov streets and squares 5. http://streets-kharkiv.info/istoriya-kharkova 6. https://tvoj.kharkov.ua/history/hst.php?r=3 7. https://www.goldenpages.ua/history/category/maindate/ 8. http://streets-kharkiv.info/kharkov-v-19141915-gg-krupnyi-torgovyi-i-promyshlennyi-tsentr - Kharkov in beginning of XX century 9. http://balakliets.kharkov.ua/epizody-istorii/ kontury-kreposti - Kharkiv in XVII century 10. https://stroyobzor.ua/news/kak-stroilis-spalnye-rayony-harkova.html - about residential complexes (sleeping areas) 11. http://www.alyoshin.ru/Files/publika/4erkasova/4erkasova_1933.html - social reconstruction of Kharkov in 1920s-30s

About industry: 12. https://mykharkov.info/interesno/top-10-promyshlennyh-gigantov-harkova-15096.html - 10 main factories 13. https://kh.vgorode.ua/news/dosuh_y_ eda/358132-kynoteatr-zavody-tsyr-chto-v-kharkove-postroyly-emyhranty - what was built by imigrants Visual material: 14. http://webmap.clan.su/index/map/0-12#lat =49.985868169&lon=36.234355781&z=12&t=r oadmap&m=KhPrj1971&o=0.5 15. etoretro.ru 16. https://www.facebook.com/ekskursii.max. rozenfeld/ Other: 17.http://xn----7sbiew6aadnema7p.xn--p1ai/ sity_id.php?id=343 - some general information + population records in XXI century 18. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/dinamika-izmeneniy-chislennosti-gorodskogo-naseleniya-harkovskoy-gubernii-vo-vtoroy-polovine-hih-v - dynamics of population change in XIX century

Alex Yeloyeva D. O. B. 25.01.1998 P.L.B. Voronez, Russia Nationality: Ukrainian Contact +420 608 953 021 +38 067 57 17 123 alex.yeloyeva@gmails.com ARCHIP Masters’ in Architecture and Urbanism 2018 - present ARCHIP Bachelors’ in Architecture 2015-2018 Kharkov University Lyceum Faculty of physics and mathematics 2013-2015 Kharkov National Art of Ilya Repin 2009-2014 Kharkov gymnasium No 116 2004 - 2013