Building Science And Services E-Portfolio

Building Science And Services BLD 62304 E-Portfolio Submission

Name: Alicia Chin Xin Ying Student ID: 0343177 Lecturer: Ms. Sharon

Building Science And Services BLD 62304 Assignment 1: Lighting And Vac Design For Comfort

Name: Alicia Chin Xin Ying Student ID: 0343177 Lecturer: Ms. Sharon

Justification Report Introduction: The site chosen for this project is the master bedroom of my house which has an attached toilet. However, the toilet is not included in this project, so the main focus is only the bedroom itself. Several lighting and ventilation issues have been identified in this area which are listed in detail below.

Issues Identified: 1. Unsuitable location of air conditional & air conditional sizing The air conditional of the room is placed in a corner of the room facing a corridor, which was an unsuitable position. Thus, the air from the air conditional could circulate through the entire room properly, causing the area to be not cool enough. Besides that, the current air conditional sizing is also not suitable for the room.

Current Air Conditional & Its Location:

Panasonic 1.5HP Premium Single Split Inverter Air Conditioner CS-S13SKH-1

Current air conditional location

Current Air Conditional Specifications:

Air Condition Sizing Calculation: Room Area: (2.5m x 2.1m) + (6.4m x 4.1m) + (0.6m x 2.5m) = 5.25 + 26.24 + 1.5 = 32.99 m² = 33 m² (rounded up) 33 x 700 = 23100 Btu/hr Occupants: 2 x 500 = 1000 Btu/hr Heat from electrical appliances: Ceiling fan: 75 watt, lighting: 280 watt Total: 355 watt Total heat from electrical appliances: 355 x 3.5 = 1242.5 Btu/hr Total Btu/hr: 23100 + 1000 +1242.5 = 25342.5 Btu/hr Air Conditional Sizing: 25342.5 ÷ 9800 = 2.59 HP

Proposed Solution & Justification: Change the air conditional’s location to the location showed in the picture below. Besides that, the current air conditional should be replaced with one unit of 2.5 HP Daikin Wall Mounted Infinity Single-Split Inverter Series.

The air conditional’s new location would be able to give a better distribution of cool air as it the new positions allows the air to blow across the room easier.

The horsepower of the chosen air conditional is rounded down to 2.5HP instead of being rounded up to 3.0 HP because the air conditional in the room is mostly only used during bedtime. The lighting fixtures would usually not be turned on all at once and are only turned on for only a short amount of time, resulting in less Btu/hr in actuality. Thus, a 2.5HP air conditional would be more suitable for the situation.

The Daikin Wall Mounted Infinity Single-Split Inverter Series is chosen as air conditionals with inverter systems can adjust their capacity based on the air conditioning load, minimizing the difference between the set temperature and room temperature. Besides that, it is also energy saving as inverters will adjust to lower capacity to maintain the room temperature once the set room temperature is achieved.

New Air Conditional location

New Air Conditional Specifications:

Price per unit for 2.5HP: RM3523.50

2. No Lighting Around Desk Area There are no lighting fixtures above the desk area. The area is well lit during the day as there is a window in front of the desk which allows natural light to enter. However, it not well lit enough during night time when no natural light is available, causing it harder to do things at the desk during night time.

Area where track light needs to be added Ceiling Around Desk Area

Proposed Solution & Justification: A 2 meter track light with 4 cool white LED blubs is added above the desk area to brighten the area.

Track lighting is chosen as the angle and location of the bulbs can be adjusted through its casing. Thus, this allows the user to adjust the lighting to their preferred angle or location when in use.

2 meter light track

Chosen blub casing

3. Downlights are less aesthetically pleasing & use fluorescent bulbs The downlights around the closet area and beside the bed area are less aesthetically please and uses fluorescent bulbs which are less efficient.

Current Fluorescent Downlight

Proposed Solution & Justification: Change the current downlights into a more aesthetically pleasing LED downlight. The new downlight chosen gives a simple, minimalistic look. Warm white lights are chosen as no major activities are done in these areas, so brighter lights are not necessary.

Chosen LED Downlight

4. No lightings above large portraits No lightings are currently available above portraits to enhance it, thus making the portrait seem a little dark sometimes.

Lack of lighting above portraits (Portraits covered for privacy)

Proposed Solution & Justification: Add a linear LED wall light above each portrait to provide indirect lighting and enhance its visual quality. Besides that, the light source is really close to the portrait, so it increases the sense of intimacy. Thus, it increases the overall aesthetic of the room.

Chosen lighting: 800mm Linear LED wall lights, the tube can be slide around to adjust lighting area

5. Wall lamps are slightly old-fashioned, and their position is a little unsuitable The current wall lamps in the room look old-fashioned and their position should be adjusted a little.

Proposed Solution & Justification:

Proposed Solution & Justification: Change the current wall lighting into a more modern-looking one that can provide both downward and upward lights. Then, the position should be adjusted closer to the bedside table and dressing table to provide better lighting in these areas.

Chosen Lighting

Building Science And Services BLD 62304 Assignment 2: Indoor Comfort Design and ‘Invention’

Name: Alicia Chin Xin Ying Student ID: 0343177 Lecturer: Ms. Sharon

Alicia Chin Xin Ying 0343177 Project 2A Floor Plan

Wall 4 (S) Wall 3 (S)

Wall 2 (W)

Wall 5 (E)

Wall 1 (N)

R-Value Chart

`

R-Value/in (Brick) = 0.80 ÷ 4 = 0.2

Wall 2 (N)

Wall 1 - North Time Interior Temperature (F) Exterior Temperature (F) Temperature Difference (F)

7:00 AM 71.6 77 5.4

12:00 PM 71.6 86 14.4

Area = 8.366 ft x 9.843 ft = 82.35 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Material: Bricks Wall Thickness = 150mm = 5” R-Value of Brick Wall = 0.2 x 5 =1 Heat Transfer Rate of Wall, q = Wall Area x Temp Difference R-value 7.00 AM q = 82.35 x 5.4 1 = 444.69 BTU/ hr

12:00 PM q = 82.35 x 14.4 1 = 1185.84 BTU/ hr

5:00 PM q = 82.35 x 10.8 1 = 889.38 BTU/ hr

5:00 PM 71.6 82.4 10.8

Wall 2 – West Time Interior Temperature (F) Exterior Temperature (F) Temperature Difference (F)

7:00 AM 71.6 75.2 3.6

12:00 PM 71.6 84.2 12.6

Wall Area = (8.53 ft x 9.843 ft) + (2.953 ft x 2.953 ft) = 92.68 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Door Area = 2.953 ft x 6.89 ft = 20.35 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Thickness = 150mm = 5” R-Value of Brick Wall = 0.2 x 5 =1

R-Value of Door = 3.03

Heat Transfer Rate of Wall, 𝒒𝟏 = Wall Area x Temp Difference R-value Heat Transfer Rate of Door, 𝒒𝟐 = Door Area x Temp Difference R-value 7.00 AM 𝒒𝟏 = 92.68 x 3.6 1 = 333.65 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 20.35 x 3.6 3.03 = 24.18 BTU/hr

Total q value = 333.65 + 24.18 = 357.83 BTU/hr 12:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 92.68 x 12.6 1 = 1167.77 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 20.35 x 12.6 3.03 = 84.62 BTU/hr

Total q value = 1167.77 + 84.62 = 1252.39 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 92.68 x 10.8 1 = 1000.94 BTU/hr Total q value = 1000.94 + 72.53 = 1073.47 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 20.35 x 10.8 3.03 = 72.53 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 71.6 82.4 10.8

Wall 3 - South Time Interior Temperature (F) Exterior Temperature (F) Temperature Difference (F)

7:00 AM 71.6 75.2 3.6

12:00 PM 71.6 87.8 16.2

Area = 5.906 ft x 9.843 ft = 58.13 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Material: Bricks Wall Thickness = 150mm = 5” R-Value of Brick Wall = 0.2 x 5 =1 Heat Transfer Rate of Wall, q = Wall Area x Temp Difference R-value 7.00 AM q = 58.13 x 3.6 1 = 209.27 BTU/ hr

12:00 PM q = 58.13 x 16.2 1 = 941. 71 BTU/ hr

5:00 PM q = 58.13 x 12.6 1 = 732.44 BTU/ hr

5:00 PM 71.6 84.2 12.6

Wall 4 – South Time Interior Temperature (F) Exterior Temperature (F) Temperature Difference (F)

7:00 AM 71.6 78.8 7.2

12:00 PM 71.6 89.6 18

Window Area = (2.953 ft x 3.281 ft) = 9.69 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Area = (5.413 ft x 9.843 ft) – 9.69 = 43.59 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Thickness = 200mm = 8” R-Value of Brick Wall = 0.2 x 7 = 1.6

R-Value of Window = 0.91

Heat Transfer Rate of Wall, 𝒒𝟏 = Wall Area x Temp Difference R-value Heat Transfer Rate of Window, 𝒒𝟐 = Window Area x Temp Difference R-value 7.00 AM 𝒒𝟏 = 43.59 x 7.2 1.6 = 196.16 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 7.2 0.91 = 76.69 BTU/hr

Total q value = 196.16 + 79.69 = 272.85 BTU/hr 12:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 43.59 x 18 1.6 = 490.39 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 18 0.91 = 191.67 BTU/hr

Total q value = 490.39 + 191.67 = 682.06 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 43.59 x 14.4 1.6 = 392.31 BTU/hr Total q value = 392.31 + 153.34 = 545.65 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 14.4 0.91 = 153.34 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 71.6 86 14.4

Wall 5 – East Time Interior Temperature (F) Exterior Temperature (F) Temperature Difference (F)

7:00 AM 71.6 80.6 9

12:00 PM 71.6 94.1 22.5

Window Area = (2.953 ft x 3.281 ft) = 9.69 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Area = (8.53 ft x 9.843 ft) – 9.69 = 74.27 sq ft (2 d.p.)

Wall Thickness = 200 mm = 8” R-Value of Brick Wall = 0.2 x 8 = 1.6

R-Value of Window = 0.91

Heat Transfer Rate of Wall, 𝒒𝟏 = Wall Area x Temp Difference R-value Heat Transfer Rate of Window, 𝒒𝟐 = Window Area x Temp Difference R-value 7.00 AM 𝒒𝟏 = 74.27 x 9 1.6 = 417.77 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 9 0.91 = 95.84 BTU/hr

Total q value = 417.77 + 95.84 = 513.61 BTU/hr 12:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 74.27 x 22.5 1.6 = 1044.42 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 22.5 0.91 = 239.59 BTU/hr

Total q value = 1044.42 + 239.59 = 1284.01 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 𝒒𝟏 = 74.27 x 18.9 1.6 = 877.31 BTU/hr Total q value = 877.31 + 201.25 = 1078.56 BTU/hr

𝒒𝟐 = 9.69 x 18.9 0.91 = 201.25 BTU/hr

5:00 PM 71.6 90.5 18.9

Conclusion 7.00 AM

Wall 1 444.69 BTU/hr

Wall 2 357.83 BTU/hr

Wall 3 209.27 BTU/hr

Wall 4 272.85 BTU/hr

Wall 5 513.61 BTU/hr

12.00 PM

1185.84 BTU/hr

1252.39 BTU/hr

941. 71 BTU/hr

682.06 BTU/hr

1284.01 BTU/hr

5.00 PM

889.38 BTU/hr

1073.47 BTU/hr

732.44 BTU/hr

545.65 BTU/hr

1078.56 BTU/hr

After the calculations, it is found that Wall 5 has the highest heat transfer rate overall compared to the other walls as seen in the table above. This is because Wall 5 is facing the East, which is where the sun rises. The wall would have a higher heat transfer value as the temperature difference is greater, especially during the morning and noon. Therefore, this wall is chosen as the wall I focus on when creating the model in Project 2b to reduce its heat transfer.

Project 2B Problem Statement/ Issues Based on Project 2A, it is found that the wall with the highest heat transfer rate overall is Wall 5, causing the most heat transferred through this wall. Besides that, there is a lack of storage for smaller items in the room.

Introduction Based on the problem statement, I have decided to design a model that can help to reduce the heat transfer rate from Wall 5 and also provide extra storage.

Wall 5 Of the Room

Model Design Ideas & Sketches

Front Elevation & Dimensions Sketch Materials needed & Side Elevation Sketch

The model that I decided to create is a panel that can be attached to the window. The overall dimensions of the panel while the white board is kept in is 300mm (L) x 290mm (W) x 45mm (THK). The main function is to reduce the heat transfer indoors and block sunshine or glare.

This panel also has a small storage pouch and some hanger hooks for convenient storage.

Besides that, a small retractable white board is also added. The whiteboard can be pulled out when in use and kept back between the gap between the panel when not in use.

Axonometric Sketch

Materials Used

Materials used in model

Materials List: 1. Polystyrene board (300mm (L) x 290mm (W) x 25mm (THK) 2. MDF boards 3. Mounting board 4. Old cloth 5. Plastic Sheet 6. Cardboard 7. Tape 8. Magnet Strips 9. Strings 10. Hanger Hooks 11. A4 Printer Paper 12. Glue The main material I chose to reduce the heat transfer is the polystyrene board as it has a high R-value of 3.6-4.0 per inch. Besides that, the MDF boards are used in the front and back to give it the panel a smoother surface and better aesthetic. The mounting board, A4 printer paper, plastic sheet, and cardboard were used to make the small whiteboard. To create the gap in between to store the small whiteboard, cardboard was cut into strips. The old cloth and hanger hooks were used to create storage while the magnet strips were used to create convenient attachments to the window frame.

MDF Board

Old cloth for pouch Hanger hooks

Polystyrene Board Mini Whiteboard

Cardboard Strips

Magnet Strips String

MDF Board Section of materials used

Creation Process

Cutting polystyrene board

Cutting MDF board

1. The Polystyrene board and MDF Boards are cut to the required size.

A4 paper glued to cardboard packing

Plastic sheet and mounting board borders are pasted

2. To create the mini whiteboard, A4 Printer Paper is pasted on a cardboard backing, followed by a plastic sheet and mounting board border.

Creating the cardboard strips

MDF board, polystyrene board & cardboard strips glued together

3. Cardboard strips are cut and pasted together to increase the thickness. The MDF board, polystyrene and cardboard strips are pasted on top on each other.

Strings to attach the mini whiteboard

Whiteboard with magnet strips behind placed in the gap

4. The mini white board is attached to in the gap with strings and can be kept inside. Magnet strips are also added on the back of the mini whiteboard.

Magnet strips behind

Pouch & hanger hooks in front

5. Finally, the MDF board is added as the backing and magnet strips are pasted on it, while the old cloth pouch and hanger hooks are pasted on the front MDF board.

Final Product

Side view with whiteboard slightly pulled out

Front view with whiteboard slightly pulled out

Panel when in use

Functions -

Main Function: To reduce heat transfer indoors & block sunshine or glare Extra Function 1: Small pouch in front for storage Extra Function 2: Hanger Hooks in front to hang items such as bags, clothing etc.

Extra Function 3: Mini retractable whiteboard which can be used to write any notes.

Marker pens can be used on it, and it can be erased easily using tissue or a normal whiteboard eraser.

Benefits Can Be Easily Made The panel can be easily made with common materials and can be easily put together. This can be a fun and useful craft that people can try out.

Convenience The main material used to attach the panel to the window frame is magnet strips. Thus, it can be attached and detached easily when needed. Besides that, it can also be easily put away as the panel is not too big. The various functions also make it more convenient as it can be used for storge and note taking.

Increase Comfort When the panel is used, the heat transfer rate through the wall is reduced, thus it can lower the temperature indoors for better comfort. Besides that, it can also block sunshine or glare, so the indoors would not be too glaring and bring discomfort to the eyes.

Weakness / Things That Can Be Improve Improve Water or Weather Resistance The exterior of the panel is mostly MDF boards or cardboard, which are not so resistant to water or weather conditions. Thus, it may get wet easily when there is heavy rain as the rain can get through the window if it is not properly closed.

More Convenient Sizes The current panel only has one main panel and retractable mini board, so the size might not be big enough for sometimes.

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Cost of Materials No. 1.

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8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Materials Polystyrene board 300mm (L) x 290mm (W) x 25mm (THK) 3mm Thick MDF boards (Recycled) Mounting Board (Recycled) Old Cloth A4 Plastic Sheet Cardboard (Recycled) Tape Magnet Strips Strings Hanger Hooks A4 Printer Paper Glue

Price RM2.60 RM2.80 (estimated) RM0.50 (estimated) FREE RM0.30 (estimated) FREE RM1.00 (estimated) RM9.00 (estimated) FREE RM2.00 FREE RM2.00 (estimated)

Total Cost: RM20.20 -Note: Some prices are estimated based on market prices as these items were already available at my home originally, so I did not have to buy them.

Market Financial Value

Price of Polystyrene Board bought

Price of Hanger Hooks bought

Market Financial Research

Prices collected from the class

Average Market Price = (RM30 + RM40 + RM50 + RM15 + RM20 + RM15 +RM15 + RM15 + RM30 + RM30 + RM30+ RM65 + RM30 + RM25 + RM25 + RM50 + RM20 + RM30 + RM20 + RM50) ÷ 20 = RM30.25 Design Value = (Average Market Price) – (Cost of materials) = RM30.25 – RM20.20 = RM10.05

Reflection Based on the design value, the profit I gained is fairly decent. I think this is because most of the materials I have used were quite cheap and can be commonly found. Nonetheless, I still think this product can continue to be improved to increase the design value.

For example, to improve the water or weather resistance, the MDF boards or cardboard can be painted with water-resistant paint. Besides that, aluminium foil, which is water resistant, can also be added on the back to reflect heat and glare. When the water or weather resistance is improved, the panel can also be placed outdoors. Next, the sizing of the panel can be improved to be more convenient too. This can be done by having more panels that can attach to the main panel. Therefore, the size can be adjusted according to the situation, providing more suitable coverage. Overall, I think these are the parts that can be improved.

In conclusion, I think I had learnt a lot from this project as I managed to have a better understanding about heat transfer. This project has also enabled me to think more critically to solve the existing problems and create the product.

Building Science And Services BLD 62304 Final Project: Building Services Design in Kitchen

Name: Alicia Chin Xin Ying Student ID: 0343177 Lecturer: Ms. Sharon

Project 3 Alicia Chin Xin Ying 0343177 Site Introduction The site that I chose is my house kitchen, which is divided in the wet kitchen and dry kitchen.

It is located at the ground floor of my house. The overall shape of both wet and dry kitchens combined is a U-shape, with a toilet in between them and a short corridor connecting the both of them. The backdoor is also located at this short corridor.

Old Kitchen Layout

Wet Kitchen

Dry Kitchen

Wet Kitchen

Kitchen Usage Habits Wet Kitchen -

Cooking is done here with a gas hob, a kitchen hood is available above the gas hob but it is seldom used as it gets noisy when turned on.

There is also an oven here that is used for cooking or heating up food.

A washing machine is available here as well to wash clothes.

Various cabinets store pots and pans, bowls and plates and other utensils.

Dry Kitchen -

The dry kitchen is mostly to store food as there’s a refrigerator here and cabinets to store food and some other supplies.

A rice cooker is available here as we usually cook the rice here.

The various cabinets also store plates, containers, and eating utensils that are used more often.

Interview With Family Chef A short interview is conducted with my mom, who’s our family chef.

1. What changes would you like to make to the kitchen layout?

Move the washing machine to the dry kitchen as the washing machine and laundry table are a little too tall. Thus, they will block the sockets there when things are placed on top on it. Besides, the dry kitchen is also where the laundry basket is placed.

2. Are there any kitchen appliances that you want to change?

The kitchen hood, because the current one is quite noisy, so it is seldom used. The oven now is also quite small.

3. What do you think about the lighting in the kitchen?

The lighting in the wet kitchen is inadequate sometimes especially during the evening and night.

Designer Conclusion: -

Put the washing machine at the dry kitchen for better convenience.

Change the kitchen hood into a quieter one.

Change the oven into a built-in oven as the current one is quite small and inconvenient when baking or cooking large food items.

Change the regular sockets into power tracks as there few kitchen electronics will be used at the same time sometimes.

Change the layout of some of the wall cabinets as some of them need to be pushed up to open and can be inconvenient.

Change the gas hobs into electric hobs as they are safer.

Redesigned Kitchen

New lighting, VAC and Electrical Appliances With Justification Line8 Model R Power Rail

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Rated Current : 32A~

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Rated Voltage : 250V~

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Operating Temperature : -5°C to 40°C

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Frequency : 50/60Hz

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Relative Humidity : 0% to 95%

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Environmental Characteristic : Indoor Use

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Fire Resistance : UL94 V-0

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Water Resistance : IP3X

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Dimension (Total) : 80mm X 30mm

• • • •

Depth : 29mm Hole Width : 68mm End Cap Wing Protrusion : 5mm Environmental Characteristic : Indoor Use

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Fire Resistance : UL94 V-0

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Water Resistance : IP3X

Justification: I chose to have this power track because it is safer compared to conventional power outlets, besides that, my family will use a few electrical appliances at once sometimes, so it is better to have a power track as the electrical sockets are not enough sometimes.

Borsh Serie | 6, Domino Electric Hob, 30 cm, Black Electric Hob

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Technical Data Product name/family : Vario/Domino cooking zone cera Built-in / Free-standing : Built-in Energy input : Electric Total number of positions that can be used at the same time : 2 Required niche size for installation (HxWxD) : 38 x x Width of the appliance : 306 Dimensions : 38 x 306 x 527 Dimensions of the packed product (HxWxD) (mm) : 120 x 375 x 590 Net weight (kg) : 4.803 Gross weight (kg) : 5.5 Basic surface material : Ceramic Color of surface : Alu, brushed, Black Approval certificates : AENOR, CE Length electrical supply cord (cm) : 100 Connection Rating (W) : 3500 Current (A) : 16 Voltage (V) : 220-240 Frequency (Hz) : 60; 50

Justification: The reason to replace the gas hobs into electric hobs are mostly due to safety concerns. Gas hobs have an adjustable open flame, so it is easy to accidentally light up flammable objects in the kitchen such as tissues and cloths.

CombiSteam Compact Oven • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Oven: LCD Materials: ColourAnti-fingerprint stainless steel Controls of Oven: Computer Temperature Control Frequency (Hz): 50 Voltage (V): 220-230 Useable capacity litres: 43 Oven cooking functions: 17 Height: 455 mm Total width: 595 mm Total depth: 567 mm Flush fit cut out height: 450 mm Flush fit cut out width: 560 mm Flush fit cut out depth: 550 mm Frequency (Hz): 50 Voltage (V): 220-230 Connected load: 3000 KW Maximum current rating(amps):16

Justification: I chose this oven because the my current one is too small and not a built in one. The oven is bigger than my current one while also not being too big too, which is a good size for cooking and baking.

Beko WDA105614 Freestanding Washer Dryer (10.5 kg / 6 kg, 1400 rpm) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Washing Capacity:10.5 kg Drying Capacity: 6 kg Energy Efficiency Class: A Maximum Spin Speed:1400 rpm ProSmart Inverter Motor: High efficiency, high durability, low noise Height: 84 cm Width: 60 cm Depth: 67 cm Time Delay: Flexible Time Delay (0 h - 24 h) Display Type: LCD Colour: White Construction Type: Freestanding

Justification: I chose this washing machine as it also includes a dryer which is more convenient especially during days when it rains often. Besides that, the washing machine is low noise, so it will be less distracting.

FOTILE EMS9016 Chimney Cooker Hood

Justification: The reason I chose this kitchen hood to replace the current one is because of its low noise level, as my mother prefers quieter kitchen hoods. The current one is not used much because it is noisier.

Philips GreenSpace G5 Downlight

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Ambient temperature range: -20 to +40 °C Mech. impact protection code: IK02 Input Voltage: 220-240 V Protection class: IEC Safety class I (I) Optical cover/lens type: TW Driver included: Yes Flammability mark F Glow-wire test 650/30 Light source replaceable: No Number of gear units: 1 unit Optic type: C-H Init. Colour rendering index: >80 Luminous flux tolerance: +/-10% Median useful life L80B50: 43000 h Median useful life L90B50: 20000 h

Justification: Currently, there are not many lighting in both the wet and dry kitchen, so I chose this downlight so the area can be brighter, and it also gives a clean, neat look to the kitchen.

Water Supply And Plumbing

Rinnai Pressed Bowl – Single Bowl – Single Drainer

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No. of Bowl: One Installation Type: Single Material: Stainless Steel Finishing: Brush Accessories: Waste Basket (X-019-114), PVC Pipe (HA31) Radius: R85 Thickness: 0.8 Bowl Width (cm): 33 Bowl Depth (cm) : 20 Bowl Size (L x W)(cm): 33 x 41 Product Size (L x W)(cm): 80 x 50 Undermount Cut-out Size (W x D x H)(cm): N/A Overmount Cut-out Size (W x D x H)(cm): 77.8 x 47.8 (R10 mm)

Justification: The reason I chose this sink is because the current sink in the dry kitchen does not have a drainboard by the side, so the counter will get wet easily when the washed dishes are put there. Thus, I want it to have a drainboard so the counter will not get wet so easily.

Fire-Safety Considerations

Use electric hobs instead of gas hobs electric hobs are generally safer to be used in households as gas hobs have an adjustable open flame. Although gas hobs have grates, there is still a chance when a flammable item like tissues or cloth getting too close and catching fire.

Granite Worktop Granite is fire resistant, scratch/abrasion resistant and even water resistant once sealer is applied. Stone is not combustible and is considered a fire-resistant material. Due to its thermal conductivity, heat transfer is fairly rapid. Most stone is not considered a highly rated thermal insulator.

Aluminium Kitchen Cabinets When it comes to kitchen cabinet, aluminium provides extra safety feature by being fire resistant. Unlike other types of cabinets that catch fire easily, the natural metal characteristic of aluminium is resistant to fire. Thus, aluminium is able to withstand high heat without getting burn easily.

Conclusion: Overall, I think this project has enable me to learn more about the building services and appliances in the kitchen. Besides that, I also learnt more about the considerations in the lighting and water plumbing system for kitchens so it can be useful and safe.

FRIDGE

DRY KITCEN

BASKET

A

WASHING MACHINE

TOILET

WET KITCHEN

B

OVEN

Midea

保温

煮饭

RICE COOKER

DRY KITCEN

ELECTRICAL LEGEND

WASHING MACHINE

FRIDGE

BASKET

SYMBOL

TOILET

WET KITCHEN

OVEN

A

B

DESCRIPTION

QTY

ILLUMINATION

LED DOWNLIGHT

8

WARM WHITE

KITCHEN HOOD

1

POWER TRACK

1

ONE WAY SWITCH

5

REMARKS

FRIDGE

DRY KITCEN A

WASHING MACHINE

TOILET

WET KITCHEN

B

WATER SUPPLY

WASTE WATER

OVEN