Version 24

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‚Ááèƒ◊^Á=≈f^á◊^=ÇɃ◊^

‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻃﻼل اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ا ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺛﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻼل‬ ‫م‪ .‬ﻳﺎﺳﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺎم‬ ‫@ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫@ ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺎت ‪ : ٨‬ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫@ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺒﻲ ‪ :‬ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪاد‬ ‫@ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫@ ﻣﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺣﺼﺎر اﻟﻤﻮت‬ ‫@ داء اﻟﻠﺸﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎت‬ ‫@ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺆدﻳﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻮن ﻓﻲ أﻣﻴﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫@ ﺳﺮﺟﻮن ا ﻛﺎدي اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫@ ﻣﺎذا ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮأة‬ ‫@ ﻛﺎرﻳﻜﺎﺗﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬

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‫ﺣﺐ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ّ‬ ‫ ‪ .‬א א ‬

‫اﻣﺗدت أﯾدي اﻟﻘﻣﻊ اﻟوﺣﺷﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﺗﻰ أﻧواع اﻷﺳﻠﺣﺔ ﻓﻐدت ﺧﺎوﯾﺔ ﺗﻠك اﻷﯾﺎدي اﻟﺑﯾﺿﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗﺿن ھﻣوم اﻟﺷﮭﺑﺎء‪ ،‬إﻻّ ﻣن آﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ وﺻﻣودھﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫أ ّﻣﻧﺎ اﻟرؤوم ﺣﻠب اﻟﺷﮭﺑﺎء ‪ ..‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾظﻠﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻌض أﺑﻧﺎﺋﮭﺎ ﺑﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﮭﺎ أوزار أﺑﻧﺎﺋﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻗّﯾن‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧّﮭﺎ – أﺑدا ً – ﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﺧﺔً ﻣﺳﺗﻌﺻﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﺻﺑﯾن واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺑدّﯾن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠب ﻣﺿ ّﻣﺧﺔ ﺑﻧﺎ‪ .‬ھﻲ أﻧﺛﻰ ﻧرﺗﺎح إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻧﺗﻌﻠّم ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧت ﻗﺑﻠﻧﺎ أ ّﻣﺎً‪ ،‬رﺿﻌﻧﺎ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﻠﯾب ﻋﺷﻖ راﺋﺣﺔ اﻟﺗراب وﻣن ﺳﺎروا ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‪ ،‬وﻣن‬ ‫أزﻗّﺗﮭﺎ ﺑزﻏت طﻔوﻟﺗﻧﺎ ﯾﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﻌﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﯾﺎة ‪ ..‬إﻧﮫ وﺟﮫ‪ ،‬واﻵﺧر ﺣﻛﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﺟر اﻟﻣرﺻوف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷوارﻋﮭﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ھدﯾﮫ ﻧﻣﺷﻲ‪ ،‬وﺑﮫ ﺗﺗﻌﺛّر‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وﻧﺣن إﻟﻰ ﺑذﻟﮫ ﻣن أﺟل اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻛﻧﻧﺎ‪ -‬أﺑداً‪ -‬ﻛﻧّﺎ ﻧﺟﺑن ﻣن ّأول‬ ‫ﺧطواﺗﻧﺎ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ ..‬ﺛم ﻧﻌﺗذر ﻣن دﻣﺎﺋﻧﺎ اﻟﻣﺳﻛوﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻧﺎ أرﻗﻧﺎه ﺑطﯾش‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠوﯾﺣﺔ ﻟﺳوط اﻟﺳﻠطﺔ إﻟﻰ أن ﻗﺎﻣت اﻟﺛورة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺷرﺑﻧﺎه ﻣن طول اﻟﻣدة اﻟﺗﻲ اﺳﺗﻐرﻗﺗﮭﺎ رؤوﺳﻧﺎ ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠوﺑﻧﺎ إﯾﻣﺎن ﻋﻣﯾﻖ ‪ ..‬وﻓﯾﮭﺎ أﯾﺿﺎ ً دم‬ ‫ﯾﺟف ﻓﻲ رؤﯾﺔ ﺷرطﻲ ﯾﻣﺛل اﻹرھﺎب اﻟذي ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺗظن أﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﻛﯾن ‪ ..‬وﺷﻣﺧت ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗراب‪ .‬ﻛﻧّﺎ وﻣﺎ ﻧزال إﻟﻰ ﷲ ﻧدﻋو أن ﯾﻣﺣﻖ اﻟﻧظم اﻟﺟﺎﺋرة وأھﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺗﺳﻠّطﯾن‪ .‬ﺣﻠب ﺣﺿّرﺗﻧﺎ وﻟم‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وﻟﻛن اﻟﺳؤال اﻟذي ﯾﺣﻔر ﻓﻲ وﺟداﻧﻧﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋدة أن ﻧﺻﻣد‬ ‫ﻣر ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻛﺛﯾرون وﻏﺎدروا ‪ ..‬ﺳﺎدة ‪ ...‬وأﺳﯾﺎدا ً ‪ ..‬وﻋﺑﯾداً‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧرة ﻣن ﺟﺑﻧﻧﺎ‪ّ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺣت اﻟﺳﯾﺎط إذا ﻛﻧّﺎ ﺳﻧﺑﻘﻰ ﺗﺣﺗﮭﺎ ﺣﺗّﻰ ﻧﻣوت ‪ ..‬وﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋدة أن ﻧﺣﻣل اﻟﺳوط ﻣﺎ دﻣﻧﺎ ﺳﻧﺧﻠّف ﻣﺎ ﺟﻧﯾﻧﺎه وﻧﻣﺿﻲ؟!‬ ‫ﻟم ﯾد ّﻣر اﻟﻣﺟرﻣون اﻹﻧﺳﺎن وﺣﺳب ﺑل اﻣﺗدت أﯾدﯾﮭم اﻵﺛﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ واﻟﻰ ﻛﻧوز اﻟﺗراث واﻵﺛﺎر واﻟﻰ ﺳوق ﺣﻠب اﻟﻣﺳﻘوف‬ ‫اﻟذي ﯾﻌ ّد أﻛﺑر ﺳوق ﻣﺳﻘوف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﻣﻧذ اﻟﻘرن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ..‬وھﺎھو اﻷﻣوي ﯾﺳﺗﺟﯾر ﻣن ﻗﺎﺻﻔﯾﮫ‪ .‬ﻟم ﺗﻛن اﻟﻣرة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗد ّﻣر‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺣﻠب وﺗﺗﻌرض ﻟﻠﻛوارث واﻟﺣراﺋﻖ واﻟﻐزاة‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧت ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣرة ﺗﻧﮭض ﻣن ﻛﺑوﺗﮭﺎ وﯾﻌ ّﻣرھﺎ أﺑﻧﺎؤھﺎ ﻣن ﺟدﯾد ﺗﺷﻣﺦ ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻐرق ﺑﻧﺎؤھﺎ ﻗروﻧﺎ ً ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟذي ﺳﺎھﻣت ﻓﯾﮫ ﺣﺿﺎرات ﻣﺗﻌدّدة‪.‬‬ ‫وﺣده اﻟذي ﯾﺗﻌﻠّم ﻣن ﺣﻠب ﺷﻣوﺧﮭﺎ ‪ ..‬ﯾﺣﻔظ ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﮭﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ً ‪ ..‬وﯾﺑﻧﻲ‪ ،‬أو ﯾﺳﺎھم ﻓﻲ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺣﺿﺎرﺗﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻟﻣدﯾﺢ ‪ ..‬إﻧّﻣﺎ ﻟﻧﺷوة اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟذي‬ ‫ﯾﺗوﺟﮫ اﻹﺧﻼص ‪ .‬ﺛم ﯾﻣﺿﻲ ھﺎﻧﺋﺎ ً ﺑﻌد ان " ﯾﻣﺿﻲ " ﺑﺈﺑﮭﺎم ﻋرﯾض ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﯾوم ﺗﮭﻠل وﺳﺎﺋل إﻋﻼم اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﺟرم ﻣﺎﺗﺳ ّﻣﯾﮫ اﻧﺗﺻﺎرا ً ﺑﺈﺣراز ﺑﻘﻌﺔ ھﻧﺎ وﺣﺎرة ً ھﻧﺎك‪ ،‬وﯾﻌرف اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ أن ﻣﺎ ﺟرى ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠب ﻟم ﯾﻛن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرك رﺟﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻛﻣﺔ وﻣن ﯾواﻟﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﺗﻘدم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺣﯾط اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺗﻣﺷﯾط اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺑراﻣﯾل وﻗﺻف اﻟطﺎﺋرات ﻟﺗدﺧل‬ ‫اﻟﻘوات إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺎطﻖ ﺧﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻣد ّﻣرة‪.‬‬ ‫إن ادّﻋﺎء اﻟﻧظﺎم ﺑﺣﺻﺎر ﺣﻠب ﯾﻌﺎود إﻧﺗﺎج أﻛﺎذﯾﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺎت اﻟﺛورة‪ ،‬وﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ ﺣﺻﺎر ﺣﻠب ﺳﺗﺗﺣول إﻟﻰ ﺣرب اﺳﺗﻧزاف طوﯾﻠﺔ اﻷﻣد‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻠﻘّﻰ اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﺟﺎﺋر ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﺛﯾرا ً ﻣن اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺋﺎت واﻟﮭزاﺋم اﻟﻣﺗواﻟﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ اﻟﺳﻘوط‪ .‬اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ھزم أﺑﻧﺎؤھﺎ ھوﻻﻛو وﺗﯾﻣورﻟﻧك وﺟﺣﺎﻓل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻐول واﻻﻧﻛﺷﺎرﯾﺔ واﻻﻧﺗداب‪ ،‬واﻟطﻐﺎة اﻟﻼﺣﻘﯾن‪ ،‬ﺳﺗﮭزم اﻟﺧﻣﯾﻧﻲ وﻧﺻر اﻟﻼة وﺑوﺗﯾن وﺑﺷﺎر اﻷﺳد‪ .‬ﺣﻠب دﻣرھﺎ اﻷﻛﺎدﯾون واﻟﺣﺛﯾون‬ ‫ﺗﺗوج ﺑﻧﺻر اﻟﺣرﯾّﺔ واﻹﺑداع‬ ‫واﻟﻔرس واﻟﺑﯾزﻧطﯾون‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺎدت أﻗوى‪ .‬ﻗﺎوﻣت اﻟﻛوارث واﻟﺣراﺋﻖ وﺳﺗﺗﺟﺎوز ﻣﺣﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺻر ﻟﺗﻌود أﺟﻣل وھﻲ ّ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺑودﯾﺔ واﻻﻧﺻﯾﺎع‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺎت‬

‫ﻣﻧذ ﻋدة ﻋﻘود ﺣﺿرت ﻋرﺿﺎ ﻟﻣﺳرح اﻟدﻣﻰ ﻓﻲ دار اﻟﻛﺗب ﺑﺣﻠب‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺗﻠك اﻟدﻣﻰ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺣرك ﺑﺎﻟﺧﯾوط ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔرﯾﻖ ﻣن اورﺑﺎ اﻟﺷرﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺗﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬ﯾرﺗدي ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ﻟﺑﺎﺳﺎ اﺳود ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾص ﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﺿوء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺟﺳﺎده واﺑﻘﺎء ﺑؤرة اﻟﺗﻔرج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟواﻧﮭﺎ اﻟزاھﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟرﻏم ﻣن أن اﻟﺣوار ﺑﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻔرﯾﻖ ﻟﻛن اﻟﻌرض اﺟﺗذﺑﻧﻲ ﺗدرﯾﺟﯾﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻧﺗﮭﯾت ﻣن ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﯾدي ﻣﺣرﻛﻲ اﻟدﻣﻰ ووﺟوھﮭم واﻧﺗﻘﻠت ﻋﯾﻧﺎي‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟدﻣﻰ واﻻﻗﺗﻧﺎع ان ﺻوت ﻣﺣرﻛﮭﺎ ھو ﺻوﺗﮭﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻋرﺿﺎ ﻣﻣﯾزا ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل ﻟذﻟك اذﻛره ﺑﻌد ﺛﻼث ﻋﻘود ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺑدو اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﯾوم ﺷﯾﺋﺎ ﻣن ذﻟك اﻟﻣﺳرح ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﯾل اﻛﺛر ﻟﻣﺣرﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدﻣﻰ أﻻ ﯾﻛوﻧوا ﺑﻠﺑﺎس أﺳود ‪ ،‬ھم ﯾطورون ﻗوى ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻣن ﻣﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻧﺎف ﻟﯾﻛون وﺟودھم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺳرح ﻓﺎﻗﻌﺎ ً ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺷﮭدﯾﺔ ﺷرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾد ﻟﻠذھن ﺻراﻋﺎت اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﯾﻘت اﻟﻌوﻟﻣﺔ ﻛرﺗﻧﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺣد ﻟم ﯾﻌد ﺑﺎﻻﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن ﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺎ‬ ‫وطﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺻﺎﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗدﺧل ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﮭﺎ اﻹﯾﺟﺎﺑﻲ وﺣدة اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ﺗﻐدو‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﺎ ﺑﺎرزا ً ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﻋﺎﻟم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﺿﻌﺎت وطﺑﻘﺎت ورﺑﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟم‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟث ﻟم ﺗﻌد ﺗﻛﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن واﻗﻊ اﻟﺑﻠدان ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺷروع اﻷﻟﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ھذا اﻷﺳﺎس ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ادارة اﻟﺻراﻋﺎت ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻣﻌﻘدة ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺣﯾث ﺳﯾﻛون ﻣن اﻟﺻﻌب ﺑﻣﻛﺎن رﺳم ﺧطوط ﺟﺑﮭﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠون‬ ‫اﻷزرق ) ﻣﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ( وأﺧرى ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻣر ) ﺻدﯾﻘﺔ (‪ .‬ﺑل ﺳﯾﻐﻠب اﻟﻠون‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺧطوط ﺣﯾث ﯾﺳﻘط ﺗﻌﺑﯾر" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋداوات وﻻ ﺻداﻗﺎت داﺋﻣﺔ " ﻓﻲ ﺣﺿن اﻟﻌﺳﻛر أﯾﺿﺎ وﻧﺷﺎھد‬ ‫ﺑﺎطراد ﺗﺣوﻻت ﻓﻲ ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ اﻟﻘذاﺋف ﺑﺣﺳب اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرة‬ ‫ھذه اﻟﺿﺑﺎﺑﯾﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺟﻌل ﻣﺳرح اﻟدﻣﻰ ﺻﺎﺧﺑﺎ ً وﻏﯾر ﻗﺎﺑل ﻟﻠﻔﮭم‬ ‫ﻓﺣدﯾث اﻟدﻣﻰ ﻗد ﻻ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻧﺎﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ ‪ .‬ورﺑﻣﺎ ﺣرﻛﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺗﻧﺎﺳب‬ ‫وﺟﺳد اﻟﻣﺣرك ﺳواء ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻷﺳود او ﻛﺎن ﻓﺎﻗﻊ اﻟظﮭور ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎ ﯾﻧطﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺋﺎت اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﯾن واﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن ‪ ،‬ھو أﯾﺿﺎ ﯾﻧطﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗوى اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟذات ﺗﻠك اﻟﺗﻲ ﺷرﯾﺎن ﺣﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻧﻣﻰ‬ ‫وﺗطور وﻓﻖ ﺧﯾوط اﻟﻠﻌﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﯾﻛون ﺻﻌﺑﺎ ً ﺑﻼﺷك ﺗﺄﻣﯾن درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺎﺑداء ﺣرﻛﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ارﺗﺟﺎﻟﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻻﻧﺳﺣﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺗدرﯾﺟﻲ ﻣن ﺳﯾطرة ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﺗﺣرﯾك ﺳﺗﻛون ﺻﻌﺑﺔ ﻛﻠﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧظر‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺿﺧم اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ وﺗرھﻠﮭﺎ وﻣرﻛزﯾﺔ ﻗرارھﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن اﻟﻌﻧﺻر اﻷھم أن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن دﻣﻰ اﻟﻣﺳرح ﺗُﺑﻘﻲ ﻧظرھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﺟل اﻟواﻗف ﺧﻠﻔﺎ ً ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﯾن ﯾﺑدو ﺟﻣﮭور اﻟﻣﺗﻔرﺟﯾن ﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺎ ً ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﯾف ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗطوﯾر ﺑﻧﻰ أﻛﺛر اﺳﺗﻘﻼﻟﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬أﻛﺛر ﺗواﺻﻼ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣﮭور ‪ ،‬ﻣﺗﺟﺎوزﯾن اﻛﺗﺳﺎح اﻟﻌوﻟﻣﺔ اﻟطﺎﻏﻲ ﻟﻠﺟﻐراﻓﯾﺎ ؟‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻛون ذﻟك ﺻﻌﺑﺎ ﺑﻼﺷك وﻟﻛن ﯾﻣﻛن اﻋﺗﻣﺎد ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺳﮭل ذﻟك ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋدم ﺗﺿﺧﯾم اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﮭﯾﻛﻠﯾﺎت ‪ ،‬اﻻ ﺑﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﮫ‬ ‫•‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت وﺣﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﮭوم اﻟﺗﻔﺎوض ﻟدى اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت واﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎت ﻛﻲ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺗﺧوض ﺷراﻛﺎت أﻛﺛر ﻣوﺛوﻗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺿﺎﻣن ﻋﺎم ﯾﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷراﻛﺎت اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﻣﮭﯾدا ﻟﺗﻌزﯾز‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣوﻗف ﺟﻣﻌﻲ أﻗﻠﮫ اﻟﯾوم اﻧﺗﺎج ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ اوﻟوﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎر اﻟﺗﺟﺎرب اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣردودا ﻛﻧﻣوذج ﻓﻲ اﻻدارة‬ ‫•‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻘﯾﯾم واﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣوﻛﻣﺔ اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ دون ﺑﯾروﻗراطﯾﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ووﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻛﺷرط رﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻛل ﻣﺷروع ﺗﻧﻔﯾذي‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭ َدﻓﯾن ﻛﺄھداف ﻓﻲ ﻣﺷروع اﻟﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻔﮭوم اﻟزﺑﺎﺋﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺧﯾرا ً ﺗوﺳﯾﻊ ﻣﻧظوﻣﺎت اﻟﺣوار ﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ واﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ ودوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ اﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎر اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺎت اﻟﻌوﻟﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛل ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑﻖ ﻣﻔﯾد وﻣﻌزز ﻟﻠدور اﻟذي ﺗﻘوم ﺑﮫ اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت وﻟﻛن‬ ‫ذﻟك ﻻ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ أن ﻣﺳرﺣﺎ ﺳورﯾﺎ ﺑﻛﺎدر ﺳوري ﺳﯾﻛون ﻏدا ﺻﺑﺎﺣﺎ ً‬ ‫ﺟﺎھزا ً ﻟﺗﻘدﯾم ﻋروﺿﮫ ‪ ،‬ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﺗﺟﺎوز ﻋﻘﺑﺎت ﻣﺗﻧوﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬أھﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣواﺟﮭﺔ ﺗرﺳﯾﺦ اﺳﺗﻌﻼء ﻣﺣرﻛﻲ اﻟدﻣﻰ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﺣﺳﺎﺳﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟدوﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﺟﺎھﮭم ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﺳﯾﻛون ﺑﺎﻻﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﻌواﻟم اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن ﻣﻧطﻠﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ وﻟﯾﺳت ﻋﻧﺻرﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫א א א א ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩ‬

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‫* أرﺟو أن ﺗﺗﻔﺿل ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ ﺑرﺳم ﻣﻌﺎﻟم اﻟطرﯾﻖ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻠص ﻣن‬ ‫* ﻣﺎ اﻟذي ﺗﻘﺗرﺣﮫ ﺑدﯾﻼً ﻋن اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺑدة ؟‬ ‫** أﻧﺗم ﺗﺳﻣوﻧﮭﺎ اﻵن اﻟدﯾﻣﻘراطﯾﺔ‪ ،‬إﻓﺷﺎء اﻟدﯾﻣﻘراطﯾﺔ ھو اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد اﻟﻔﺎﺳد اﻟﻣﻔﺳد‪ .‬ﻛﯾف ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﻓﻲ ظل ﺣﻛم‬ ‫اﻟﺣل اﻟوﺣﯾد اﻟذي ﺳ ّﻣﯾﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧطﻠﻖ ﻣن ﺳﻠطوي ﯾﻣﺎرس اﻟﻌﻧف ﺗﺟﺎه ﺷﻌﺑﮫ وﯾﻣﺗص دﻣﺎءھم ؟‬ ‫اﻟﺷورى اﻟدﺳﺗورﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺷﻣل اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ واﻟﻌداﻟﺔ واﻟﻣﺳﺎواة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌد ﺑﺣث اﻣﺗ ّد ﺛﻼﺛﯾن ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ً ﺗﻣ ّﺣص ﻋﻧدي أن أﺻل اﻟداء ھو ** ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻓﺗرة ﻻﺑد أن ﯾﻛﺗﺷف اﻟﻧﺎس طراﺋﻖ ﺧﻼﺻﮭم‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﻲ ودواؤه دﻓﻌﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺷورى اﻟدﺳﺗورﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ذﻟك أﻗول‪ :‬اﻷﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻻﯾﺷﻌر ﻛﻠﮭﺎ أو أﻛﺛرھﺎ ﺑﺂﻻم اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ اﻟدوﻟﺔ وﺷؤون اﻟﺣﻛم ﺑﺣﺛﺎ ً ﻻﺗﺳﺗﺣﻖ اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺗﺑداد ﻻﯾﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﻟﺷدة وإﻧﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﻟﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﻋن اﻟﻘرار اﻟﺻﺎﺋب ﻓﻲ ﺣدود اﻟﻘﺎﻧون‪ .‬وأﻋﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧون اﻟذي واﻟﺗدرﯾﺞ‪ ،‬وﯾﺟب ﻗﺑل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد ﺗﮭﯾﺋﺔ ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺳﺗﺑدل ﺑﮫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾواﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﻧﺎس ﻻذﻟك اﻟﻘﺎﻧون اﻟذي ﯾﺳﻧّﮫ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺑدّون وﻣﻊ ذﻟك أﯾّﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺗﺣﺿرون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟواﺣد واﻟﻌﺷرﯾن‪ ،‬ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻛم‬ ‫اﻻطﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل ﻗواﻋد رﻓﻊ اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد ﻛﻣﺎ رأﯾﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺻﺎﻟﺣﮭم اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗطورﻛم ﺑﻌد ﻗرﻧﯾن ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ھﻲ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗُﻘﺎم ﺑﺈرادة اﻷﻣﺔ ﻷﺟل إدارة ﺷؤوﻧﮭﺎ )طﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻻﺳﺗﺑداد( ﻟﺗﻌرﻓوا ﻣﻘدار‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻣوﻣﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ ﺣﻘوق اﻟﻧﺎس اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺗﻲ ھﻲ اﻟزﻣﺎن‪ ..‬واﻋذرﻧﻲ ‪..‬ﺳﺄﻏﺎدرﻛم إﻟﻰ أواﺧر اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷر‬ ‫ﺣﻘوق ﻣﺟﻣوع اﻷﻣم‪ ،‬وﺗﺿﺎف ﻟﻠﻣﻠوك ﻣﺟﺎزاً‪ ،‬وﻟﮭم ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ وأﻧﺗم ﺗﺣﻠﻣون ﺑﺎﻟﻘرن اﻟﺛﺎﻣن أو ﺣﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘرن اﻟﺧﺎﻣس ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﯾﻼد‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻرف ﺑﮭﺎ وﻓﻖ ﺣﯾث ﺣﻘّﻘت أﺛﯾﻧﺎ ﻣﺎﻟم ﯾﺳﺗطﻌﮫ اﻟﻌرب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺣﺎدي‬ ‫وﻻﯾﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻧظﺎرة ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﻠﺣﺎﻛم‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺷﯾﺋﺗﮫ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻟﯾﺳت ﺣﻘوﻗﮫ اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ھو إﻻّ واﻟﻌﺷرﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺻﻌﯾد اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﻲ‪ ..‬ﻻﺣول وﻻ ﻗوة إﻻ ﺑﺎ� وھو‬ ‫ﺣﺎرس ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛل َﻣن ﺗُﻧﺎط ﺑﮭم ھذه اﻟﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺔ‪ .‬إن وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﯾن‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ھﻲ ﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﻧﺎس‪ ،‬وﺗﻧظﯾم أﺣواﻟﮭم‪ ،‬واﻟﺳﮭر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻣﻧﮭم وراﺣﺗﮭم‪ ،‬وﻣن واﺟﺑﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺣراﺳﺔ اﻷﻣن اﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬واﻟﻌدل * ﻛﯾف ﺗﻐﺎدرﻧﺎ ﯾﺎﺷﮭﯾد اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻏﯾر أن ﺗﺗرك ﻟﻧﺎ ﺑﺎرﻗﺔ أﻣل‬ ‫واﻟﻧظﺎم‪ ،‬وﺣﻔظ وﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ اﻟدﯾن واﻵداب واﻟﻘواﻧﯾن ﺗﺧﻠّص ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺗﻧﺎ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻧﺣن ﻓﯾﮫ‪ ،‬ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗرﺑّص ﺑﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻌﺎھدات‪ ،‬واﻻﺗﺟﺎر‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ ﻏﯾر ذﻟك ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺣﻖ ﻟﻛل ﻓرد ﻣن اﻟﻣﺗرﺑّﺻون ؟‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ أن ﯾﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺑﮫ وأن ﯾطﻣﺋن ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‪ .‬واﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﮭض ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺔ وﺗرﻗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗوﻓّر ﻟﮭﺎ أﺳﺑﺎب ** إن أﺑﻧﺎء اﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﺳؤوﻟون ﻋ ّﻣﺎ ھم ﻓﯾﮫ ﻣن رﻓﻌﺔ وﻣن ھوان‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧظروا أﻧّﻰ أﻧﺗم‪ ،‬وﻟﺗﻌﻠﻣوا أﻧﮫ إذا ﻟم ﺗﺣﺳن أﻣﺔ ﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻣن واﻟﺳﻌﺎدة‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹرادة ھﻲ إرادة اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺟب أن‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻘﻰ اﻟﻘوة ﻓﻲ ﯾدھﺎ وﺣدھﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾُﺻﺎر إﻟﻰ ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ رﻏﺑﺗﮭﺎ ﻻرﻏﺑﺔ أذﻟّﮭﺎ ﷲ ﻷﻣﺔ أﺧرى ﺗﺣﻛﻣﮭﺎ‪ .‬وﻣﺗﻰ ﺑﻠﻐت أﻣﺔ رﺷدھﺎ وﻋرﻓت‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‪ .‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻠوك أن ﯾﻠﺗزﻣوا ﺑﻣﺷورة اﻟﻣﻸ‪ ،‬وأﻻّ ﻟﻠﺣرﯾﺔ ﻗدرھﺎ‪ ،‬اﺳﺗرﺟﻌت ّ‬ ‫ﻋزھﺎ وﺳﺎرت ﻓﻲ دروب اﻟﺗرﻗّﻲ ‪..‬‬ ‫ﯾﻧﻔّذوا إﻻّ ﻣﺎﺗراه اﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺎ ً ﻟﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﯾُﻧﺳب اﻷﻣر إﻟﻰ ﯾﺎﻗوم ‪ :‬أﻋﯾذﻛم ﺑﺎ� ﻣن ﻓﺳﺎد اﻟرأي وﺿﯾﺎع اﻟﺣزم وﻓﻘد اﻟﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻔس وﺗرك اﻹرادة ﻟﻠﻐﯾر )إن ﷲ ﻻﯾظﻠم اﻟﻧﺎس ﺷﯾﺋﺎً‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠوك إﻻّ ﺗوﻗﯾرا ً ﺳﻠﮭم وﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺟﺎز‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس أﻧﻔﺳﮭم ﯾظﻠﻣون (‪.‬‬

‫א א א א ‬

‫ ‬ ‫א ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺧﻣﺳﯾﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻌﺷرﯾن ﻓﻛر طﺑﯾب ﻧﻔﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻧدي ﯾدﻋﻰ‬ ‫دوﻧﺎل ﻛﺎﻣﯾرون "‪ DONAL CAMERON‬ﺑﻔﻛرة ﺷﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯾث أراد أن ﯾﻌﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ طرﯾﻘﺔ ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ أن ﯾﻐﯾر أﻓﻛﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن ﺑﺷﻛل ﻛﺎﻣل أي أن ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻣن إﻧﺳﺎن ﻣﺎ إﻧﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺟدﯾدا ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻓﻛﺎره وﻋواطﻔﮫ وﻗﻧﺎﻋﺎﺗﮫ ﻛﺎن ﯾرى ﻛﺎﻣﯾرون أن ﻛل‬ ‫أﻓﻛﺎرﻧﺎ وﻣﺷﺎﻋرﻧﺎ وأﺧﻼﻗﻧﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣن ﻣﺻدرﯾن اﻷول ذﻛرﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ إدارﻛﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺣﺎﺿر وﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﺻﻧﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرون اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺟدﯾد اﻟذي ﯾرﯾد‪ ،‬ﻻﺑد أوﻻ ﻣن أن ﯾﻠﻐﻲ اﻹﻧﺳﺎن اﻟﻘدﯾم وﻻﺑد ﻣن‬ ‫أن ﯾرﺟﻊ ﺻﻔﺣﺔ ﺑﯾﺿﺎء ﻗﺑل ﯾﻛﺗب ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺎﯾرﯾد وﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻔﻌل ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ أن ﯾﻌرﺿﮫ ﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﺗﻠﻐﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وﺗﻠﻐﻲ اﻹﺣﺳﺎس‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺎﺿر ﻗﺎم اﻟدﻛﺗور ﻛﺎﻣﯾرون ﺑﺗﺟﺎرﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣرﺿﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﺳﯾﯾن وﻛﺎن ﯾﻌرﺿﮭم ﻟﺻدﻣﺎت ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﺷدﯾدة وﯾﻌطﯾﮭم‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎﻗﯾر ﻣﮭﻠوﺳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻔﻘدوا اﻟﻣرﺿﻰ ذاﻛرﺗﮭم وﻛﺎن ﯾﻌطل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺣواﺳﮭم ﻛﺎن ﯾﺿﻌﮭم ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛن ﯾﺳودھﺎ ظﻼم داﻣس وﺻﻣﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣطﺑﻖ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻﯾﺷﻌرون ﺑﺷﯾﺋﺎ ﻣن ﺣوﻟﮭم ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻔﻘدھم إﺣﺳﺎﺳﮭم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟواﻗﻊ‬ ‫إن ﻣن اﻟذي ﻗﺎم ﺑﺗﻣوﯾل أﺑﺣﺎث ھذا اﻟطﺑﯾب ھم وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧﺑﺎرات‬ ‫اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ وﻗد طورﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﻌد ذﻟك وطﺑﻘﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺛﯾرا ﻣن ﻣﻌﺗﻘﻼﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن ﻏواﻧﺗﻧﺎﻣو وأﺑو ﻏرﯾب وﻏﯾرھﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻛرة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ھﻲ أﻧك إذا أردت أن ﺗﺟﻌل‬ ‫اﻟطرف اﻵﺧر ﻣﻠﻛﺎ ﻟك وﻷﻓﻛﺎرك وﻗرراﺗك ﻓﻌﻠﯾك أن ﺗﺧﺿﻌﮫ أوﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﺗﺟﻌﻠﮫ ﻣﺳﺗﺳﻠﻣﺎ ﻟك وﻟﻛل ﻣﺎﺗﻠﻘﻧﮫ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫اﻟذي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺟري ھذا اﻟﺷﯾطﺎن أﺑﺣﺎﺛﮫ ﺑﻛﻧدا ظﮭر ﻓﻲ ﺷﯾﻛﺎﻏو‬ ‫ﺷﯾطﺎن آﺧر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎل اﻗﺗﺻﺎد ﯾدﻋﻰ ﻣﯾﻠﺗن ﻓرﻧد ﻣﺎن ﻟﯾطﺑﻖ ﻧظرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﻟﻛن ھذه اﻟﻣرة ﻟم ﯾﻛن اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓراد ﺑل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻌوب ﻛﺎﻧت ﻏﺎﯾﺔ ﻓرﻧد ﻣﺎن ﻣن ﻧظرﯾﺗﮫ اﻟذي وﺿﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﺳﻣﺎح‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷرﻛﺎت اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﺑرة اﻟﻘﺎرات أن ﺗﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻗﺗﺻﺎد ﺑﻠدان‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﺑﻣﺎ أن اﻟﺷﻌوب ﻻﺗﻘﺑل إطﻼﻗﺎ أن ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﺣﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻗﺗﺻﺎدھﺎ ﺑﯾد ﺣﻔﻧﺔ ﻣن رﺟﺎل اﻷﻋﻣﺎل اﻷﺟﺎﻧب ﻓﻼﺑد إذا ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﺻدﻣﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻷھل اﻟﺑﻠد ﻟﺗﺟﻌﻠﮭم ﻓﺎﻗدي اﻟوﻋﻲ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻘﺑﻠوا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻐﯾرات اﻟﺟدﯾدة ‪،‬أول ﺑﻠد ﺗم ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﻧظرﯾﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ھو ﺗﺷﯾﻠﻲ اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻧظﺎم اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬

‫ﻓﯾﮫ ﺷﯾوﻋﯾﺎ ﺑدأ اﻷﻣر ﺑﺗدﺑﯾر اﻧﻘﻼب ﻋﺳﻛري ﻓﯾﮫ دﻋﻣﺗﮫ اﻟوﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺎ ﺑرﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﯾﻧﻛﺳون وﺑﻌد اﻻﻧﻘﻼب ﺟﺎءت اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪،‬ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر وأﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﺷﻐب واﻋﺗﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﻌﺳﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺧطف ﻋﻠﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻧﮭﺎر وﻓوﺿﻰ ﻋﺎرﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﻼد وارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت اﻟﺑطﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺑﻼد ﺗﺳﯾر ﻣﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﺣو اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺋب ﺗﺗدﻓﻖ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ دﻓﻌﺔ واﺣدة ﺣﺗﻰ أﺻﯾب اﻟﻧﺎس ﻋﻧدھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻠل ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر واﻟﻔﮭم ﻓﻠم ﯾﻌودوا ﯾﻔﮭﻣون ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺟري ؟!وﻟﻣﺎذا ؟‬ ‫وﻛﯾف اﻟﺧﻼااااص ؟!وﻓﻲ ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ھذه ﺗم ﻋرض اﻟﺣﻠول‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻧﮭﺟﺔ اﻟواﺿﺣﺔ ‪،‬اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﺗﻧﻘذ اﻟﺑﻠد ﻣن اﻟﻛﺎرﺛﺔ وﺑذﻟك أن‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺣول ﺗﺷﯾﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻗﺗﺻﺎد اﻟﺳوق اﻟﺣر أي أن ﺗرﻓﻊ اﻟدوﻟﺔ ﯾدھﺎ ﻋن‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻟﺗﺳوده اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﺑرة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرات‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺑﻠت اﻟدوﻟﺔ ذﻟك واﻟﺷﻌب أﯾﺿﺎ ﻗﺑل واﻧﺗﺻرت ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ‪،‬ﻟم‬ ‫ﺗﻛن ﺗﺷﯾﻠﻲ إﻻ اﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﻠﺳل ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﺣﯾث طﺑﻘت‬ ‫ھذه اﻟﻧظرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدة ﺑﻠدان ﻓﻲ أﻣرﯾﻛﺎ اﻟﺟﻧوﺑﯾﺔ ﺛم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺗﺣﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺳوﻓﯾﺗﻲ ﺛم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌراق وﻏﯾرھﺎ ‪،‬وﻣن اﻟﺟدﯾر ﺑﺎﻟذﻛر ھﻧﺎ دوﻧل‬ ‫درام ﺳﻔﻠت وزﯾر اﻟدﻓﺎع اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻲ أﺑﺎن ﺣرب اﻟﻌراق ﻛﺎن ﯾوﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻣﯾذا ﻟﻠدﻛﺗور ﻛﺎﻣﯾرون ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ‪،‬ﺗﻘول ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫)ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﯾب وﻋﻲ اﻟﺷﻌب وﯾﻌﺟز ﻋن ﻓﮭم وإدراك ﻣﺎﯾدور ﺣوﻟﮫ‬ ‫وﻻﯾﻠوح ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ أي ﺣل ﻣﻣﻛن اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﯾﺧرﺟﮫ ﻣن واﻗﻌﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻲء ﺳﯾﻘﻊ ﻋﻧدھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺻدﻣﺔ وﻋﻧدھﺎ ﺳﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﺳﺗﻌدا ﻟﻘﺑول ﺣﻠول‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ ﺟﺎھزة (‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل أن ﯾﻘﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻣﺳﻠﺳل ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ ﻟم ﯾﻧﺗﮫ ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺑل رﺑﻣﺎ اﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ھﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺳورﯾﺎ ﻓﯾﺎ ﺷﻌﺑﻧﺎ اﻟﺳوري ﺗﺄﻛد أن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻠول اﻵن ﺗﻌد وأن اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت اﻵن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣدود ﺗﺟﮭز اﻟﺷﺑﺎب‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن ﺳﯾطﺑﻘون ھذه اﻟﺣﻠول وأن اﺳﺗﻣرار ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ واﻟﻔوﺿﻰ اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﻣﺣررة واﻟﺗﻔﻛك ﺑﯾن ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﺛورة وﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺻﺎﺋل ﻋن اﻟﻧﺎس وﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣظﺎﻟم اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺷرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ وﺗﻣﮭﯾدا‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺑول ھذه اﻟﺣﻠول ﻋﻠﻣﻧﺎ ذﻟك أم ﺟﮭﻠﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻘﻠم أﺳرة اﻟﻣﺟﻠﺔ‬

тАл╫Р ╫Р ╫Р ╫Р тАм

тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║┤я╗в ╪зя╗Яя║м┘К я╗│я║Ж╪пя╗│я╗к ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║дя║Оя╗гя╗о┘ЖтАм тАля╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗оя╗╗я╗│я║О╪к ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║Шя║дя║к╪й ╪зтАк┬▒тАмя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья╗┤я║ФтАм тАля╗Яя╗в я╗│я╗Мя║к┘Д я╗гя╗ия║м я╗Ля║О┘Е тАк1861тАмтАм тАля╗Пя║╢ я╗│я║оя║Чя╗Ья║Р я╗зя║дя╗о ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║дя╗Ья╗дя║Ф тАк.тАмтАм тАл))) ╪гя╗Чя║┤я╗в ╪гя╗╗ ╪г╪▒я║Чя╗Ья║Р я╗Пя║╕ ╪г┘И ╪г╪▒я║┐я╗░ я╗Ля╗ж ┘НтАм тАл┘И ╪гя╗╗ ╪гя║Чя║дя║Оя╗│я╗Ю ╪г┘И ╪гя║Чя╗Мя╗дя║к я╗гя╗ия║Оя║╗я║о╪й я╗Чя╗Ая╗┤я║Ф я╗гя║мя╗зя║Тя║Ф я╗╗ ╪гя║│я║О╪│ я╗Яя╗мя║О ╪г┘И я║Ся║Оя╗Гя╗ая║Ф ┘И ╪гя╗╗тАм тАл╪г╪▒я║┐я╗░ ╪г┘И ╪г┘И╪зя╗Уя╗Ц я╗Ля╗░ я╗гя║Ья╗Ю я╗ля║м╪з ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗дя╗Ю тАк.тАмтАм тАл┘И ╪гя╗╗ ╪гя║гя║О┘И┘Д ╪ея╗Ля║Оя╗Чя║Ф ╪ея╗зя║┤я║О┘Ж я║Ся╗Шя║╝я║к ╪зя║Ся║Шя║░╪з╪▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║О┘Д ╪г┘И ╪г┘К я╗Пя║о╪╢ я║зя║Тя╗┤я║Ъ ╪вя║зя║отАк .тАм┘И╪г┘ЖтАм тАл╪гя║│я╗ая╗Ъ я║│я╗ая╗оя╗Ы я╗гя╗мя╗ия╗┤ я║гя║┤я╗и я╗Уя╗▓ я╗гя╗Ья║Шя║Р ╪гя║Чя║ия║м┘З ╪п╪зя║зя╗Ю ╪п╪зя║Ля║о╪й я╗ля║м┘З ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║дя╗Ья╗дя║ФтАм тАлтАк .тАм┘И╪гя║Чя╗Мя╗мя║к я║Ся║Дя╗╗ ╪вя╗Яя╗о я║Яя╗мя║к┬ж ╪г┘И ╪гя╗Чя║╝я║о я╗Уя╗▓ я╗Гя╗ая║Р ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗ая╗в тАк.тАмтАм тАл╪▒╪зя║Ля║к┘К я╗Уя╗▓ ╪░я╗Яя╗Ъ я╗Ыя╗ая╗к ╪з┬ля║зя╗╝╪╡ я╗Яя╗ая╗дя║дя╗Ья╗дя║Ф ┘И я╗Яя╗ая╗дя╗оя╗Ыя╗ая╗┤я╗жтАм тАл┘И я╗Яя╗┤я╗Ья╗ж ╪з┬п я╗Уя╗▓ я╗Ля╗оя╗зя╗▓ я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪░я╗Яя╗Ъ (((тАм

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‫ﺳﺮﺟﻮن اﻻﻛﺎدي‬

‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻗﺑل ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻻﻟف اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺢ ظﮭر ﻷول ﻣرة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ رﺟل ﻋظﯾم وﻣﻠك ﻋﺎدل ﺟﻌل ﻣن ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻛﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻣﺔ اﻣﺑراطورﯾﺔ ﻣﺗراﻣﯾﺔ اﻻطراف وﻷول ﻣرة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ ﺿﻣت ﻛﺎﻣل ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﮭﻼل اﻟﺧﺻﯾب ووﺻل اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺞ ﺟﻧوﺑﺎ واﻟﺻﺣراء اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﺟﻧوﺑﺎ اﺿف اﻟﻰ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣواز واﻣﺗدت اﻣﺑراطورﯾﺗﮫ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺑﺎل زاﻏروس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺷرﻗﻲ وﺟﺑﺎل طوروس ﺷﻣﺎﻻ ﺣﺗﻰ اﻻﻧﺎﺿول وﻏرﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺧﺿﻊ ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ ﻣﺎري واﯾﺑﻼوﯾﺻل ﺟﺑﺎل ﻟﺑﻧﺎن وﯾﮭﯾﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣل اﻟﺳﺎﺣل اﻟﺳوري وﻣﻧﮫ اﻧطﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺣر ﻏرﺑﺎ ﻟﯾﺳﯾطر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟزﯾرة ﻛرﯾت ﻛﻣﺎ ﺿم اﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﻛﮫ اﻟﺑﻼد اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺷﻛﻠت ﺑذﻟك ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺛﻠث ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﻘدﯾم ﺣواﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪ ۲٥۰۰‬ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﺳﯾﺢ‬ ‫وﻗد ﻋرف ﺳرﺟون او ﺷﺎروﻛﯾن )اﻟﻣﻠك اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ( ﻋن ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫"اﻧﺎ ﺳرﺟون ﻣﻠك اﻛﺎد اﻟﺟﺑﺎر ‪....‬اﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻧت ﻛﺎھﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﯾﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ازوﻓﯾراﺗوا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﮭر اﻟﻔرات اﻣﺎ اﺑﻲ ﻓﻠم اﻋرﻓﮫ وﻗد‬ ‫وﻟدﺗﻧﻲ اﻣﻲ ﺳرا ووﺿﻌﺗﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺔ ﻗﺻب ﻣطﻠﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎر‬ ‫ورﻣﺗﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻔرات " وﻗد دﺧل ﺳﻠك اﻟﺟﯾش وﺻﺎر ﻗﺎﺋدا‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣرس اﻟﻣﻠﻛﻲ ﻟﯾﺳﺗﻠم اﻟﻣﻠك ﻣدﻋﯾﺎ ان اﻻﻟﮭﺔ ﻋﺷﺗﺎر ھﻲ اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣﺗﮫ ھذا اﻟﻣﻠك ‪.....‬وﻗد اﺧذ اﻟﯾﮭود رواﯾﺔ ﺳرﺟون ﻟﯾﻧﺳﺑوھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ ﻧﺑﯾﮭم ﻣوﺳﻰ ﻣﺛﻠﻣﺎ اﺧذوا ﺷرﯾﻌﺗﮭم ﻋن ﺣﻣوراﺑﻲ‬ ‫وﻗد ﻗﺎم ﺳرﺟون ﺑﺈﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻌﺻره ﻓﻘد‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﯾﻛل ﯾﻣﻠك ارض اﻟﺑﻼد واﻟﺷﻌب ﻣﺟرد ﻓﻼﺣﯾن ﯾﻘدﻣون‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺻﯾﻠﮭم ﻟﻠﮭﯾﻛل وﯾﺄﺧذون اﻟﯾﺳﯾر ‪...‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﯾﻛل ﯾﻣول‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺻر اﯾﺿﺎ ﻓﺎﺑﻌد رﺟﺎل اﻟدﯾن ﻋن اﻟﻘﺻر ووزع اراﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﻌب ﻋﻠﻰ ان ﯾﻘدﻣوا ﺿراﺋب ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ ﻟﯾﻌﯾﺷوا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﺣﺑوﺣﺔ واﺻﺑﺢ ﺗﻣوﯾل اﻟﮭﯾﻛل ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺻر اﻟﻣﻠﻛﻲ وﺑﮭذا‬ ‫ﻧﻠﺣظ وﻻو ل ﻣرة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻓﺻل ﻟﻠدﯾن ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ ‪.....‬واول ﺛورة اﺷﺗراﻛﯾﺔ ﺑﻧزع ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﯾﻛل وﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﻌب وﺗﻣﻠﯾﻛﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﮭذه اﻻﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﻧﻌت ﻣﻧﮫ ﻣﻠﻛﺎ ﻋظﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﺣﺑﮫ ﺷﻌﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑدا ﺑﺗوﺳﯾﻊ ﻣﻠﻛﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻣﻣﺎﻟك اﻟﺳوﻣرﯾﺔ وﺳﻘطت‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ ﻛﯾش وﻣن ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اوروك اﻟﻌظﯾﻣﺔ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎ ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻼﻟﺔ اﻻﻛﺎدﯾﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺑراطورﯾﺔ ﻣﺗراﻣﯾﺔ اﻻطراف‬ ‫ﯾﺣﻛﻣﮭﺎ ﻷول ﻣرة ﻣﻠك واﺣد ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎم ﺳرﺟون اﻻﻛﺎدي اﻟﻛﺑﯾر ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﯾﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة وﺗﻧظﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺿﻣﺎن وﺣدة إﻣﺑراطورﺗﯾﮫ واﺳﺗﻣرار‪ ٤‬ﻣﻠﻛﮫ ﻓﻘد ﻋﯾن‬ ‫وﻻة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدن وﻣﻧﺣﮭم اراض ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻟﯾﻌﯾﺷوا ﺑرﻓﺎھﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺣﻛﻣوا ﺑﺎﻟﻌدل وﻟﺗﺧﻔﯾف اﻟﺿراﺋب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﻌب ‪...‬وﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ھذه اﻻراﺿﻲ ﻻ ﺗورث وﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠواﻟﻲ اﻟﺟدﯾد ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺗوﺣﯾد اﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻟﯾﻛون ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻓراد رﻋﯾﺗﮫ ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾن اﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧون وﻛﺎﻧت ﺳﻠطﺔ اﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻋن ﺳﻠطﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻛم او‬ ‫اﻟواﻟﻲ وﻛﺎن ﺗﻌﯾﯾن اﻟﻘﺿﺎة ﯾﺗم ﺑﻘرار ﻣﻠﻛﻲ ﻣﻧﮫ وﯾﺻﺑﺢ اﻟﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﻣﺑرﻣﺎ ﺣﯾن ﯾوﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻣواﻓﻘﺔ ‪...‬ﻛﻣﺎ اﻧﮫ اطﻠﻖ اﻟﺣرﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟدﯾﻧﯾﺔ واﻋﺗرف ﺑﺣرﯾﺔ ﻛل اﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋد اﻟدﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺷرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدن‬ ‫واﻻرﯾﺎف ﻓﻠم ﯾﻔرض اي اﻟﮫ ﻟﻠﻌﺑﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اي ﺟﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺗﮫ‬ ‫وﻧظم طرق اﻟﺗﺟﺎرة اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ واﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ واﻣن ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺗﮭﺎ وﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻣن اھم اﺳﺗﮭداﻓﺎﺗﮫ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻰ اﻟﺗﻘوﯾم اﻟﺧﺎص ﻟﻛل ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن ﻣدن ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺗﮫ ووﺿﻊ ﺗﻘوﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣوﺣدا ﻟﻺﻣﺑراطورﯾﺔ اﻻﻛﺎدﯾﺔ اﻟﺟدﯾدة وﺑذﻟك اﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﻟﻘب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠك اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ وﺗﻣﯾز ﺑﺎﺳﻣﮫ ﺳرﺟون اﻻﻛﺎدي اﻟﻛﺑﯾر ‪.‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻃﻼل ﻋﺒﺪ ‬

‫א א א א ‬

‫ א ‬ ‫א א א ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗﺷﺧﯾص‪ ،‬ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ ﻣﻘدم اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺔ ﺗﺣدﯾد أﻓﺿل‬ ‫أﻧواع اﻟﻌﻼج ﻟﻣرﯾﺿﮫ‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾﺗﺿﻣن اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﺣﻘن‪ ،‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺎول اﻷدوﯾﺔ واﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣراھم اﻟﻣوﺿﻌﯾﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﯾﺣﺗﺎج ﻣﻌظم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾن ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﺟﻠدي ﻟدﺧول اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻰ ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‪ .‬ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﺣﺗﻰ اﻵن ﻟﻘﺎح أو ﺗطﻌﯾم ﻟﻠوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن داء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪ .‬ﻟﻛن ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن اﻟﺣد ﻣن اﻧﺗﺷﺎر ھذا اﻟوﺑﺎء ﻋﺑر‬ ‫اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻟﺳﻌﺎت ذﺑﺎب اﻟرﻣل‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﯾﺻﺎب اﻟﺷﺧص ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﺟﻠدي أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻣن ﻣرة‪ .‬ﻟذﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس اﺗﺑﺎع اﻹﺟراءات اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﯾﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧوا ﻗد أﺻﯾﺑوا ﻣن ﻗﺑل‪ .‬وﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﻠﻧﺎس أن ﯾﺗﺑﻌوا‬ ‫اﻹﺟراءات اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻔﯾف ﻣن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل إﺻﺎﺑﺗﮭم‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺳﻌﺎت ذﺑﺎﺑﺔ اﻟرﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﻘل داء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣرء أن ﯾﺗﺟﻧب اﻟﺧروج ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭواء اﻟطﻠﻖ ﻣن‬ ‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﻐرب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺟر‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ھذه اﻟﻔﺗرة ﯾﻛون ذﺑﺎب اﻟرﻣل‬ ‫أﻛﺛر ﻧﺷﺎطﺎً‪ .‬وﻟﻛن إذا ﻟم ﯾﻛن ﻣن اﻟﺧروج ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧزل ﺑد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﯾﮫ أن ﯾﻐطﻲ أﻛﺑر ﻗدر ﻣﻣﻛن ﻣن ﺟﺳﻣﮫ‪ .‬ﻓﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻣﺛﻼً‬ ‫إن ﯾﻠﺑس ﻗﻣﺻﺎﻧﺎ ذات أﻛﻣﺎم طوﯾﻠﺔ وﺑﻧﺎطﯾل طوﯾﻠﺔ وﺟوارب‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ إن ﻋﻠﯾﮫ أن ﯾدس ﻗﻣﯾﺻﮫ ﺗﺣت ﺑﻧطﺎﻟﮫ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺳﺎن أن ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣل اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿرات اﻟطﺎردة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺷرات ﻟﯾﻐطﻲ ﺑﮭﺎ ﺟﻠده‪ ،‬وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺎت اﻷﻛﻣﺎم واﻟﺑﻧﺎطﯾل‪.‬‬ ‫وأﻛﺛر اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿرات اﻟطﺎردة ﻟﻠﺣﺷرات ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺿرات اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎدة اﻟدﯾت اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪.DEET‬‬

‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل اﻟﺑﺧﺎﺧﺎت ذات اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض اﻟذي ﻻ ﯾزﯾد‬ ‫ﻋن ‪ ۱۰‬ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺋﺔ ﻟﻸطﻔﺎل‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻣن إﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻟدى ﻣن‬ ‫ھم ﺑﻌﻣر ‪ ۲‬اﻟﻰ ‪ ٦‬ﺳﻧوات‪ ،‬وﺗﺟﻧب اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﻠﯾﺎ ﻟﻣن ھم‬ ‫دون اﻟﺳﻧﺗﯾن‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾرش ﺛﯾﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﻣﺑﯾد ﻟﻠﺣﺷرات ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣرء أن‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺑﯾرﻣﯾﺛرﯾن ‪ ،‬وأن ﯾرش ﺛﯾﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﺟددا ً ﺑﻌد ﻛل ﺧﻣس‬ ‫ﻣرات ﻣن ﻏﺳﻠﮭﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾرش ﻏرف اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺷﺔ وﻏرف اﻟﻧّوم ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣرء أن‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣﻧزﻟﮫ ﺑﻣﺎدة ﻣﺑﯾدة ﻟﻠﺣﺷرات ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣرء أن ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺷﺑﻛﺎت ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑواب‬ ‫وﻧواﻓذ اﻟﻣﻧزل ﻟﻠوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺗﺳرب ذﺑﺎﺑﺔ اﻟرﻣل اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﻘل داء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪ .‬وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻧﺎﻣوﺳﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗوﺿﻊ ﺣول‬ ‫اﻟﺳرﯾر إذا ﻟم ﺗﻛن ھﻧﺎك ﺷﺑﻛﺎت ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺑواب أو‬ ‫اﻟﻧواﻓذ أو ﻣداﺧل اﻟﻣﻧزل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺻﺎﺋﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓرﯾن‬ ‫إن اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓرﯾن اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﯾن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﻠدان اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ داء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت ﻣﻌرﺿون ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮫ ﻣﮭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت أﻋﻣﺎرھم‪ .‬إن‬ ‫داء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت أﻛﺛر ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻷرﯾﺎف ﻣﻣﺎ ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدن‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﯾوﺟد أﯾﺿﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺿواﺣﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣدن‪ .‬ﯾﺗﻌرض ﻟﺧطر‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓرون ﺑﻘﺻد اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻐﺎﻣرة‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠون ﻓﻲ ﻗوات ﺣﻔظ اﻟﺳﻼم‪ ،‬واﻟﻣﺗطوﻋون‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠون ﻓﻲ وردﯾﺎت ﻟﯾﻠﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﻼد اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ داء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪ ،‬وﻻﺳﯾﻣﺎ داء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﺟﻠدي‪ .‬وﻣن اﻟﻧﺎدر‬ ‫أن ﯾﺻﺎب اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓرون ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﺣﺷوي‪ .‬ﯾﻣﻛن أن‬ ‫ﯾﺻﺎب اﻷﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن ﯾزورون اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﺑﮭﺎ داء‬ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت ﻟﻔﺗرة ﻗﺻﯾرة ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪ .‬ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣن ﯾﻼﺣظ ﺑﻌد ﻋودﺗﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺳﻔر إﻟﻰ ﺑﻼد ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫داء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت وﺟود ﻗرﺣﺎت ﺟﻠدﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺗﺋم أن ﯾﺗﺻل ﺑﻣﻘدم‬ ‫اﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وأن ﯾﺧﺑره ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺳﺎﻓرا ً اﻟﻰ ﺑﻠد ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﺑداء اﻟﻠﯾﺷﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎت‪ ،‬وأﻧﮫ ﻗد ﺗﻌرض ﻟﺧطر اﻟﻌدوى‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺣﺼﺎر اﻟﻤﻮت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺻﺎدر ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬

‫اﺳﺗﻣرار اﻟﺣﺻﺎر ﯾﻌﻘّد اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻻﻧﺳﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ ﺣﯾث ﺗﺳﺑب اﻟﻧﻘص اﻟﺣﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐذاء واﻟدواء ﺑوﻓﺎة‬ ‫ﻋدة أطﻔﺎل داﺧل اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻرة ﺧﻼل أﺷﮭر اﻟﺣﺻﺎر اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺿت وﻟم ﯾﺣل ذﻟك دون اﺳﺗﻣرار اﻟﺣﺻﺎر اﻟﺷدﯾد ﻣن ﻗﺑل‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم وﻣﯾﻠﺷﯾﺎت ﺣزب ﷲ اﻟﻠﺑﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻣﻧذ أﺷﮭر واﻟﺣﺻﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺷﺗد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﻓﻲ رﯾف دﻣﺷﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ اﺻﺑﺢ ﻋدد ﺳﻛﺎﻧﮭﺎ ‪ ٤۰۰۰۰‬ﻧﺳﻣﺔ ﺑﻌد ﻧزوح اﻟﻛﺛﯾرﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﯾﮭﺎ ﻣن ﻋدة ﻣﻧﺎطﻖ ھرﺑﺎ ً ﻣن ﻣﺻﯾر ﻣﺟﮭول ﻟﯾﻘﻌوا ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﯾر أﺳود ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘد اﻋﺗﻣد اﻟﻧظﺎم وﻣﯾﻠﺷﯾﺎت ﺣزب ﷲ ﺳﻼح اﻟﺗﺟوﯾﻊ واﻟﻘﺗل‬ ‫اﻟﺑطﻲء ‪ ,‬أﻣﺎ ﻣﺳﺎﻋدات اﻷﻣم اﻟﺷﺣﯾﺣﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟم ﺗدﺧل ﻣﻧذ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﯾوم ‪ ,‬ﻓﮭﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻛﻔﻲ أﺑدا ً ﻟﺳد ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻرﯾن‬ ‫‪ ,‬واﻷوﺿﺎع اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣﺗدھورة ﺟدا ً ﺣﯾث ﻻ ﯾوﺟد‬ ‫ﺳوى ﻣﺷﻔﻰ ﻣﯾداﻧﻲ واﺣد ﯾﻘدم ﺧدﻣﺎت ﻣﺗواﺿﻌﺔ ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﻧﻘص اﻟدواء واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠزﻣﺎت واﻟﺣﺎﺟﯾﺎت اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﺣﺳب اﻟﺗﻘرﯾر اﻟطﺑﻲ ﻓﮭﻧﺎك اﻻﺷﺗﺑﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﺗﮭﺎب دﻣﺎﻏﻲ ﺣﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﯾروﺳﻲ ) ﺳﺣﺎﯾﺎ ﻓﯾروﺳﯾﺔ ( وﺗﺧﺛر ﺟﯾوب ورﯾدﯾﺔ واﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ھو اﻟطﻔل ﯾﻣﺎن ﻋﻼء ﻋز اﻟدﯾن ﻣواﻟﯾد ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ ‪۲۰۰٥‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌرض اﻟطﻔل ﻟﮭﺟﻣﺔ إﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﺣﺎدة أدت إﻟﻰ إﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﺳﺣﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎد وأﻟم ﺷدﯾد ﻓﻲ اﻟرأس وإرﺗﻔﺎع ﺣراري ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺟدا وﻗد ﺗم‬ ‫إﻋطﺎء اﻟطﻔل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷدوﯾﺔ اﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﻣﺳﻛﻧﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺳﯾروﻣﺎت اﻟﻣﻐذﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن اﻟطﻔل أﺑدى ﺗﺣﺳس ﺷدﯾد‬ ‫ﻻﻟدﯾﻛﻠون واﻟﺑﻧﺳﻠﯾن ﻣﻊ ﻋدم اﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺳده ﻟﻠﻌﻼج وﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯾﺎب ﺷدﯾد وﺷﺢ ﺑﺎﻷدوﯾﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﺎﻓﺿﺎت اﻟﺣرارة ‪ ,‬و‬ ‫اﻟطﻔل اﻵن ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن ﺣرارة ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ و وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺗﻘرﯾر اﻟطﺑﯾب‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻧﺎك اﺷﺗﺑﺎه ﺑﻣرض اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﺳﺣﺎﯾﺎ ﻓﯾروﺳﻲ واﻟﺳﺑب ھو‬ ‫ﺳوء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ واﻧﻌدام اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻐذاﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗرﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺳﻣﮫ ﻣن ﺣﻠﯾب وﺑﯾض وﻟﺣم وﻓواﻛﮫ وﺧﺿﺎر ھذه‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت ﺑﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺧروج ﻣن ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﮭز ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﻼج ﻗﺑل ﻓوات اﻷوان ‪.‬‬

‫وﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﻧﻘص اﻟﺣﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐذاء واﻟدواء ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس ﺑدون‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء ﯾﻌﺎﻧون ﻣن ﻧﻘص اﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﯾوم وﻓﻘر اﻟدم واﻟﻛﺛﯾرﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭم ﯾﻌﺎﻧون ﻣن ﺳوء اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ‪ ,‬وﻗد ﺳﺟل ﺣدﯾﺛﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻣﻰ ﺗﯾﻔﯾﺔ )ﻣرض اﻟﺗﯾﻔوﺋﯾد( أﻏﻠﺑﮭم ﻣن اﻟﻧﺳﺎء‬ ‫واﻻطﻔﺎل وﻻ ﯾوﺟد أدوﯾﺔ وﻻ ﻣﺿﺎدات ﺣﯾوﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‪ .‬وﻣﻧذ ﺷﮭر وﺣﺗﻰ اﻻن ﺗم رﺻد ﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن ﯾﺷﺗﺑﮫ ان‬ ‫ﺗﻛوﻧﺎ اﻟﺗﮭﺎب دﻣﺎﻏﻲ و اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﺳﺣﺎﯾﺎ ﺣﺎد ﻓﻣﻧذ ‪ ۲۰‬ﯾوم‬ ‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ أﺻﯾﺑت اﻟﺷﺎﺑﺔ ﻧﺳرﯾن رﺿﺎ اﻟﺷﻣﺎع ﻣن ﻣواﻟﯾد ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫‪ ۱۹۹٤‬ﺑﺄﻟم ﺷدﯾد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑطن ﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﺳﺑب ﻓﺎﺻطﺣﺑﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟدﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﻔﻰ اﻟﻣﯾداﻧﻲ ﻹﺟراء اﻟﻔﺣوﺻﺎت وﺑﻌد ﻣﻌﺎﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﯾﺿﺔ واﺟراء اﻟﺗﺣﺎﻟﯾل ﻣن دم وﺑول وﺳﺎﺋل دﻣﺎﻏﻲ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋل ﺷوﻛﻲ ﻟم ﯾظﮭر اي ﻣؤﺷرات وﻟﻸﺳف ﻋﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﯾﺿﺔ ﻣن اﺳﮭﺎﻻت ﺣﺎدة و إﻗﯾﺎء وﻓﻘدان ﺷﮭﯾﺔ وأﻟم ﺑطﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗطور ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد ﻟﺻداع رأﺳﻲ ﺷدﯾد أدى ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻰ‬ ‫وﻓﻘدان اﻟﺑﺻر وﻣﻧذ ﯾوﻣﯾن ﺗطورت اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺷﻠل ﻧﺻﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﺎﻧب اﻻﯾﺳر ﺣﺎول اﻟطﺑﯾب ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﺧطﺔ ﻋﻼج ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻛن ﻟﻸﺳف ﺟﺳد اﻟﻣرﯾﺿﺔ ﻟم ﯾﺳﺗﺟب ﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﯾث ﺗم إﻋطﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎدات اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗوﻓرة واﻟﻣﺳﻛﻧﺎت واﻟﺳﯾروﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌوﯾض واﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯾﺎة اﻟﻣرﯾﺿﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻧﺎﺷد اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة واﻟﮭﻼل اﻷﺣﻣر وﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷطراف اﻟﻣﻌﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫و ﻧطﻠب ﻣن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس ﻣﺳﺎﻋدﺗﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻطراف‬ ‫ﻻﺧراج ﻧﺳرﯾن وﯾﻣﺎن وﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﻣﺷﺎﺑﮭﺔ ﻟﯾﺗﻠﻘوا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج واﻟرﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟوﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ ﯾزداد ﺳوء وﻣﺟﺎﻋﺔ ﺟدﯾدة ﺳﺗﺣدث إن‬ ‫ﻟم ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺻرف واﺗﺧﺎذ اﻻﺟراءات اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﺗﻣﻧﻰ أن‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎﻋدوﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺿﻐط ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷطراف ﻓﻲ ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻔك‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻﺎر ﻋن ﻣﺿﺎﯾﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدات ﺷﺣﯾﺣﺔ ﺟدا ً وﻻ ﺗﻛﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺻرﯾن وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﺎﻻﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻟﺗﻌود‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﻣﯾﺎه واﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء واﻟوﻗود ﻓﺎﻟﺷﺗﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻗدوﻣﮫ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﻛواﻛﺑﻲ ﻟﺣﻘوق اﻻﻧﺳﺎن‬

‫א א א א ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮأة‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠم ھﺑﮫ وﻧور‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺮأة إذا ﻧﺎم ﻋﻨﻬﺎ زوﺟﻬﺎ وﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﺗﻠﻌﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ ‪............‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪.........................‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻰ رﺟﻞ زوﺟﺘﻪ ﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻤ­‬ ‫ورد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻗﺎﺋ ً‬ ‫ﻼ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ وﺗﺼﺒﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮات ﻓﺤﺘﻰ وإن ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻓﺈن ﺻﺒﺮ اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ أﻋﻈﻢ وأﻛﺒﺮ وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻧﺒﺮة ﺻﻮت اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰوج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻤ َﻠﺘﻚ وأﻃﻔﺎﻟﻚ وﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺟﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﺗﻚ أو ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ أن ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻣﻬﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪرﻫﺎ؟ وﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺗﺎ" أو ﺣﺎﺟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻓﻮ ا¯ ﻟﻮ أﻏﻀﺐ زوﺟﺎ" زوﺟﺘﻪ وﻗﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ راﺣﻼ"‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻛﺎ" إﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن ا¯ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮة ﻟﻌﻨﺔ وﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ رزﻗﻪ وﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ دﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻬﺎ أﻟﻒ ﺟﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻟﻨﺼﻒ ا‪³‬ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ا‪³‬ﺧﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﺋ ً‬ ‫ﻼ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻃﺎﺋﺮ¸ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ » ﻃﺎووﺳ¶ « وﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧ¶ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ » ﻏﺰاﻟﺔ « وﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺣﺸﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ » ﻓﺮاﺷﺔ « وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ » ﺑﺸﺮ¸ «‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ وزوﺟﺔ وأﻣ¶ راﺋﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ ا½رض ﻓﻠﻮ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ••‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮأة •• ﺷﻲء ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺟﺪ¸ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ » ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻪ «‬ ‫ﺣﻮرﻳﺔ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ أﻋﺠﺒﺘﻨﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮأة ) أرق اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت وأﺻﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼ" ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫أن وردة ﺗﺮﺿﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ ! (‬ ‫ﻛﻦ ﺣﺬرا" أﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻠﻌﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻚ ﻟﺘﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وﻻ ﻣﻦ رأﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪..‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻠﻌﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﻚ وﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ﻛﻲ ﺗﺤﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫راﺋﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ ُ‬ ‫ا½ﻧﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻃﻔﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ½ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ ُﺗﻜﻤﻞ دﻳﻦ زوﺟﻬﺎ وﻓﻲ أﻣﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠ ّﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫א א א א ‬

â&#x20AC;Ť×? ×? ×? ×?â&#x20AC;Ź

they said about

a woman

They said: If a woman sleeps and her husband gets angry with her, she will sleep while angels curse her ............

But how if it was vice versa .........................

A man complained about his wife for a Sheikh in the mosque in front of the people, and the Sheikh said: Women have patience more than men hundreds of times, even though the man has a lot of misfortunes, the patience of the wife is greater and bigger.

The tone of the Sheikh's voice rose on the husband when he told him: She looks after you and your children and ďŹ&#x2020;ands on her feet in order to make food for you, does not she has the right to be respected by you? To be regarded by you? To provide food and needs for her?

I swear to God, if a husband angered his wife and left her sad, God will curse him with every ďŹ&#x2020;ep he walks, and will put his living away from him, and will reduce his health, and for every tear from her eyes, God will punish him with one thousand embers every night, half of them in this world and the other half in the afterlife.

Heba & Nour

And then he continued: If the woman has been created a bird, she would have been ÂŤa peacockÂť, and if she has been created an animal, she would have been ÂŤa deerÂť, and if she has been created an insect, she would have been ÂŤa butterďŹ&#x201A;yÂť, but she has been created a ÂŤhuman beingÂť and became a sweetheart, a wife and a wonderful mother, and she is the beďŹ&#x2020; blessing for man on earth, if the â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;˘ woman â&#x20AC;˘â&#x20AC;˘ was not a very great thing, ÂŤGodÂť would not make her a nymph which is the reward of believers in paradise.

I liked the fact that: Women (the moďŹ&#x2020; compassionate creature and the moďŹ&#x2020; diďŹ&#x192;cult in dealing to the extent that you can please her with a rose, and you can kill her with a word!)

Be careful "Oh man, she is created from your rib, not from your foot to walk on her, not from your head in order to transcend her .. but she is created from your rib to be beside you and beside your heart to love her Female is wonderful In her childhood, she opens a door in paradise for her father.

In her youth, she completes her husband's religion and in motherhood paradise is under her feet.

â&#x20AC;Ť×? ×? ×? ×?â&#x20AC;Ź

Sargon the Great of Akkad Before the middle of the third millennium before ChriďŹ&#x2020;, a great man and a fair king appeared for the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; time in human hiďŹ&#x2020;ory who made the city of Akkad the capital of a vaďŹ&#x2020; empire, and for the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; time in human hiďŹ&#x2020;ory, it included the entire Fertile Crescent area and arrived in the Gulf in the south and the Arabian desert south in addition to Ahwaz area, and his empire extended to Zagros Mountains in the north-eaďŹ&#x2020; and Taurus Mountains in the north until Anatolia, and weďŹ&#x2020; to dominate the Kingdom of Mary and Ebla, and he reached the mountains of Lebanon and dominated the entire Syrian coaďŹ&#x2020;, and from there he went into the sea weďŹ&#x2020; to control the island of Crete, he also dominated Egyptian and his empire formed an area equivalent to one-third of the ancient world, nearly in 2500 BC. Sargon or Sharukeen (the real King) has talked about himself saying: "I am Sargon the powerful king of Akkad.... My mother was a prieďŹ&#x2020;ess in the temple in the city of Azoviratwa on the Euphrates River, but I did not know my father , my mother had born me secretly and placed me in a cane basket coated with tar and dropped me in the waters of the Euphrates".

He has joined the Army corps and became commander of the Royal Guard to become the King claiming that the goddess Ishtar made him the King ..... the Jews has taken the novel of Sargon of to claim it for their prophet Moses, as they took their religion for Hammurabi.

Sargon has made great reforms which are advanced in his time. The temple owns the land of the country and the people were juďŹ&#x2020; peasants brought their crops to the temple and take a little ... The temple was also funding the palace so he got clergy away from the palace and diďŹ&#x2020;ributed the kingdom's territory to the people provided that they pay simple taxes to live happily, and the temple's funding became belonging to the Royal Palace, this refers for the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; time in human hiďŹ&#x2020;ory to the process of separation of religion from the ďŹ&#x2020;ate ..... and the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; socialiďŹ&#x2020; revolution to take the temple and diďŹ&#x2020;ribute it to the people.

Dr. Talal Abdullah Through these reforms that made him a great king loved by his people, he seemed to expand his kingdom at the expense of Sumerian kingdoms, and the Kingdom of Kish and later the Kingdom of great Uruk fell, eďŹ&#x2020;ablishing the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; Akkadian descent in a sprawling empire ruled by one king for the ďŹ rďŹ&#x2020; time.

Sargon the Great of Akkad made large regulatory comprehensive reform operations to ensure the unity of his empire and the continuation of his kingdom, he appointed governors of the cities and gave them huge lands to live a luxurious life in order to govern juďŹ&#x2020;ly and to decrease taxes on the people ... and these lands are not inherited and remains a subsidiary of the new governor, he also combined judiciary to achieve equality among all members of his people, the law's authority was independent and judges were appointed through a royal decision and the verdict becomes concluded when signed by him with the approval ... he also released religious freedom and freely admitted all religious faiths deployed in urban and rural areas, he did not impose any god to be worshiped on any group in his kingdom.

He organized internal and international trade routes and protected them.

He canceled the own calendar of each city in his kingdom and put a uniďŹ ed calendar for the new Akkadian empire and thus he earned the title of real King and his name, Sargon the Great of Akkad, became famous..

VERSION 24

Madaya death siege A report issued by medical staff in Madaya The continuation of the siege complicates the humanitarian and health situation in the city of Madaya The serious shortages of food and medicine caused the death of several children inside the besieged city during months of siege ago. This did not prevent the continued severe siege by the regime and the Lebanese Hezbollah militia. The siege on the city of Madaya intensifies since months, it is a small town in the countryside of Damascus, its population became 40,000 people after the arrival of many displaced people from several areas who wanted to escape from an unknown fate, but they fall into a dark fate.

The doctor tried to apply a simple treatment plan, but unfortunately the body of the patient did not respond to the plan as she was given the inflammatory medicines available, analgesics and serum for compensation and maintaining the patient's life. According to the medical report, there is a suspicion of a sever viral encephalitis (viral meninges) and thrombosis of intravenous pockets.

The second case is the child Yman Alaa Ezzedine, born in Madaya in 2005.

The child was exposed to a sever inflammatory attack led to a sever meningitis, severe pain in the head and a very high temperature. The child was given all inflammatory medicines, analgesic and nutritious serum, but the child showed a severe allergy to deklon and penicillin with no body response to treatment, and with a severe lack and scarcity of medicines, especially antipyretics, the child is now suffering from a high temperature, and according to the doctor's report, there is a suspicion of viral meningitis disease and the reason is malnutrition and the lack of food that can increase the body's immunity such as milk, eggs, meat, fruit and vegetables These cases urgently need to get out of Madaya to an equipped hospital for treatment before it's too late.

The regime and the Lebanese Hezbollah militias have adopted the weapon of starvation and slow death, while the UN scarce aids that did not enter for more than 100 days, they are never sufficient to meet the needs of the besieged people in the city, the health situation in the city is very deteriorated, where there is only a field hospital that offers modest services due to lack of medicine and medical supplies.

Because of the severe shortages of food and medicine, all people without exception are suffering from calcium deficiency and anemia, and many of them suffer from malnutrition, and more than 45 cases of typhoid fever (typhoid) have been newly registered, most of them are women and children, and there is no medicine, no antibiotics to help in the treatment. A We appeal to the United Nations and the Red Cresmonth ago and so far, two cases, suspected to be cent and all parties concerned and we ask all people to encephalitis and sever meningitis, have been found. help us by pressure on the parties to bring out Nisreen and Yman and all similar cases to receive needed Since almost 20 days, the young Nisreen Reda health care treatment.

Shamaa, born in Madaya 1994, suffered from a severe The situation is getting worse in Madaya, and new unknown pain in her stomach, and her mother took starvation will occur if there is no response or an approher to the field hospital to conduct the tests. After the priate action. We wish you help us put pressure on all checkup and conducting analyzes of blood, urine, parties in an attempt to lift the siege on Madaya. Aids cerebrospinal fluid and spinal fluid, there were not any are too scarce and are not enough for all the besieged signs and, unfortunately, the patient suffered from people, and also to carry out the required reforms to severe diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite and abdomi- return the networks of water and electricity in addition nal pain that develops later to a severe headache led to the fuel because the winter is coming. to blindness and vision loss, and two days ago the situation developed into a partial paralysis on the left side.

VERSION 24

Leishmaniasis

the cure After diagnosis, the health care provider can determine the best types of treatment for a patient.

Treatment may include injections, in addition to taking the drugs and the use of topical ointments.

Most people do not need skin disease leishmaniasis to enter the hospital for treatment. There is still no vaccine or vaccination for the prevention of leishmaniasis. But it is possible to limit the spread of the epidemic through prevention of bites sand flies. protection It is possible that a person infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis more than once. So all the people to follow the preventive measures, even if they have been injured before. People can follow the following precautions to reduce the risk of developing Bulsat sand fly that transmits leishmaniasis: One should avoid going out in the outdoors by Morocco to the Dawn, in this period it will be more active sand flies. But if you do not go out of the house to be, he has to cover as much as possible from his body. It should, for example, to wear T-shirts with long sleeves and trousers and long stockings, as if he has to tuck his shirt under his trousers.

Should the rights to use insect repellents lotions to cover her skin, and the ends of the sleeves and pants. Lotions and more effective insect repellents are lotions that contain a substance Diet chemical DEET.

Sprays can be used with low concentration which is no more than 10 percent of children, while minimizing their use among those who are aged 2 to 6 years, and avoid use entirely for those under two years.

One should sprinkle his clothes pesticide is an insecticide containing permethrin material, and sprayed his clothes again after every five times washed.

One should sprinkle the living rooms and bedrooms in his home bednets.

One should use a buffer nets on the doors and windows of the house to prevent the leakage of the sand fly that transmits leishmaniasis. It can be used as mosquito nets, which are placed around the bed if there is no buffer nets on doors or windows or entrances to the house.

Tips for travelers) The travelers coming to countries where exposed to infection Leishmaniasis is spread whatever their age. The Leishmaniasis is more common in rural areas than in cities, but there is also on the outskirts of some cities. Exposed to the risk of leishmaniasis travelers for tourism and adventure, and engaged in peacekeeping forces, and volunteers and workers in night shifts in the country where the spread of leishmaniasis, especially cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is rare to travelers infected with visceral leishmaniasis. It can be infected people who visit areas that spread out leishmaniasis briefly infected leishmaniasis.

Should all of the notes after returning from traveling to countries where the disease is spreading leishmaniasis and the presence of skin ulcers do not heal that relates to your health care provider, and to tell him that he was traveling to a country where the injuries leishmaniasis, and that he has been subjected to the risk of infection.

VERSION 24

((( I swear not committed fraud or accept fraud committed towards the court. I swear not to cheat or advocate guilty or false case, and not to be satisfied or agree on such work. And I'm trying not to impede a person to extort money or for any malicious purpose. And to behave professionally in my own office within the circle of this court.

I pledge to make my beat effort in the search for science. My stimulant in this is my loyalty to the court and to the clients. and may God be my helper in that))).

VERSION 24

The researches of this doctor were funded by the CIA which has developed them after that and applied them to many of the detention camps such as Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib and elsewhere.

The basic idea in shock theory is that if you want to make the other side belong to you, your thoughts and your decisions, you should subject him to a big shock that makes him submissive to you and to all what you impose on him. At the same time when this devil was doing his research in Canada, another devil appeared in Chicago in the field of economy named Milton Frend Mann who applied shock theory, but this time it was not applied on individuals, it was applied on peoples.

The purpose of Frend Man's theory was to allow US intercontinental companies to control the economy of entire countries.

Due to the fact that people do not accept at all to put their life and economy in the hands of foreign businessmen, so there must be a great shock to the people of the country to make them unconscious until they accept the new changes, the first country on which he applied his theory is Chile where the economic system was communist. The beginning was through plotting a military coup which was supported by USA in Nixon's presidency, and the shock came after the military coup, there was a large rise in prices, riots, arbitrary arrests, undisguised kidnapping in daylight, chaos in the country and a large rise in unemployment levels. The country was going quickly toward a cliff and calamities was flowing all at once, so that people were suffering paralysis of thinking and understanding and they were no longer understand what is going on?! and why?

What is the solution?!

At the moment of this shock, obvious systematic solutions were given, the process that will save the country from disaster, and so that Chile changes into a free market economy which means that the state gets out of the economy generally to be dominated by global intercontinental American companies.

Both of the state and the people accepted that, and shock theory was the winner, Chile was only the first episode in the series of shock theory. This theory is applied to several countries in South America and then to the Soviet Union and then to Iraq and elsewhere, it is worth mentioning here that Donnell Dram Svelte, US Defense Secretary during Iraqi war, was once the student of Dr. Cameron at the university.

Shock theory says: (When the consciousness of the people disappears and becomes unable to understand and recognize what is going around it, and when there is no possible solution to be applied in order to save it from its bad reality, then it will fall in the shock and then it will be ready to accept ready external solutions).

It was impossible to be accepted previously, the series of shock theory is not over yet, but perhaps the next episode is the episode of Syria. Our Syrian people, make sure that the solutions are now being prepared, and that organizations on the border are now preparing young people who will apply these solutions, and the continuation of parting, the security chaos in the liberated areas, the dislocation between revolution's components, factions' moving away from the people and the state of injustices prevalent in the community are a preparation for the acceptance of these solutions, whether we know or ignore that.

VERSION 24

Shock theory In the fifties of the twentieth century, a Canadian psychologist named "DONAL CAMERON had a satanic idea, where he wanted to find a way through which he could change the ideas of a human being fully that is to change a human being into a new man who has a completely different convictions, thoughts and emotions. Cameron saw that all our thoughts, feelings and morals come from two sources, the first is memories of the past and the second is our understanding to the reality, and for Cameron to make the new man he wants, he has to eliminate the old man firstly and that man must return to be a white page on which he can write whatever he wants. And in order to do so, he should submit him to a big shock that cancels the past and also cancels the sense of the present. Dr. Cameron did his experiments on his psychological patients, he was exposing them to severe electric shocks and gives them hallucinogenic drugs in order to lose their memories, and he was shutting down all their senses had put them in places dominated by darkness and silence in order not to feel anything around them in order to lose their sense of reality.

VERSION 24

My Story with Alkawakibi Alternatives to tyranny * Which alternative do you suggest to the tyrannical government? ** Now you call it democracy, the disclosure of democracy is the only solution that I mentioned in my Islamic books, which runs from the constitutional Shura, which includes freedom, justice and equality.

After a Search extended for thirty years, I have found out that the origin of the disease is the political tyranny and the solution is Constitutional Shura, which means the participation of people in the policy of the state and governance affairs in search of the right decision in the limits of the law. I mean the law approved by the people, not the law issued by tyrants for their personal interests.

Government is the agency held by the will of the nation for the joint management of public affairs, and for the maintenance of public rights of people, which is the sum of the rights of nations, and added to the Kings metaphorically. The governor can not act according to his own will, because they are not his personal rights, and he is only a guard for these rights with all people entrusted with this responsibility. The function of government is to serve the people, and the organization of their conditions, and to maintain their safety and comfort, and public security insurance is one of its duties, justice and order, the preservation and maintenance of religion, morals, laws and treaties, and trade, and every thing that each member of the nation has the right to enjoy it and to reassure it.

And fair government is the government that serves the nation and live by, and provide them with reasons of security and happiness. Will is the will of the nation, which must have the power in its hands alone, so that its will can be implemented, not the will of the government.

And kings have to abide by the advice of the public, and to carry out only what the nation sees appropriate for the people, things are attributed to Kings only for courtesy and as a metaphor..

Dr. M. Jama Tahhan

* I hope that you kindly draw the way for us to get rid of the corrupt spoiler tyranny. How can we make the change under a tyrannical rule that practices violence against people and absorbs their blood? ** In each period, people have to discover methods of their salvation, however, I say : the nation that all of its people or some of them did not feel the pain of tyranny does not deserve freedom. Tyranny should not be resisted with intensity, it should be resisted gradually and by being soft, and before the resistance of tyranny we should create what replaces it. However, you, civilized people in the twenty-first century, you can see the details of the rules of raising tyranny as I've seen in my book (natures of tyranny) to know your development after two centuries …..sorry….. I will leave you to go to the late nineteenth century, and you dream of the eighth century or even the fifth century BC, where Athens has achieved what Arabs can not do in the twentieth century at the political level .. There is no power except in Allah, and he is the Helper. * How do you leave us, you the martyr of freedom, without leaving a glimmer of hope that help our societies get ride of their troubles , where our enemies want to attack us? ** The sons of the nation are responsible for their greatness and humiliation, and see wherever you are, and know that if the nation can not make its own policy, God will humiliate it to another nation.

And when the nation knowns the value of freedom, it will recover its full greatness and will go in the paths of advancement ..my people: may Allah protect you from the corruption of opinion, the loss of determination, the loss of self-esteem and leaving the will for the sake of others (that God will not abuse people in anything , but people abuse themselves).

VERSION 24

Dialecticals

8

Several decades ago I attended a presentation of dolls theater in the National Library in Aleppo, those dolls that move through strings, the team was from Eastern Europe at the time, all of them were wearing black clothes to reduce the concentration of light on their bodies and to keep the window of watching on the dolls with bright colors.

Although the dialogue was through the language of the team, the presentation attracted me gradually, I finished watching the hands of dolls movers and their faces, and then moved my eyes to follow up the dolls and to be convinced that the sound of their movers is their voice, and it was really a beautiful presentation so I remember it after three decades.

The world today seems to be something of that theater, with the tendency of dolls movers not to be dressed in black, they develop great powers of various items in order to make their presence bright on the stage , in a ferocious scene that returned the conflicts of the last century to the mind.

Globalization narrowed our planet to the extent that we can no longer talk about a national geography protected from interference. In its positive part, the unity of the world becomes a prominent affair, but it is a world based on layers and perhaps the word( third world) is no longer enough to express the reality of countries outside of the third millennium project.

On this basis, conflicts management operations become complex, so it would be very difficult to draw fronts lines in blue (hostile) and the other in red (friend). But the violet color will dominate all the lines, where the expression "in politics there is no permanent enmities or permanent friendships" will also fall in the lap of the military, and we steadily see changes in directing the shells according to the changing interests.

This uncertainty is what makes the dolls theater noisy and not subject to understanding, the talking of the dolls may not refer to their own convictions.

Perhaps their movements do not match the body of the mover and whether it was with black or bright appearance.

What applies to the political and military groups, is also applicable to the forces of civilian work, and in particular those whose lifeline grew and developed according to the strings of the dolls, it will be difficult, no doubt, to ensure an independence degree allows the expressing of special improvisational movements, and the process of the gradual withdrawal from the control of the group of moving will be totally difficult in view of inflation of the infrastructure and the centralization of its decision, but the most important element is that many of the dolls theater keeps their consideration on the man standing behind, while audiences seem to be of a secondary importance.

How can we develop more independent infrastructures , more connected with audiences, bypassing the dominant sweep of globalization to geography?

That will be difficult, no doubt, but we can adopt some policies that facilitate the process, such as: - Do not inflate the structures, except as permitted under the requirements and needs of the work.

- Strengthen the concept of negotiating for the organizations and networks in order to make more reliable partnerships.

- General solidarity that is built on national partnerships in preparation for strengthening a collective position, at least today, the production of priorities program.

- The investment of the top payoff experiences as a model in the administration, evaluation and accountability.

- Governance of the structure without extensive bureaucracy and put accountability as a major condition with any executive project.

- Dealing with the intended as targets in the project of change outside the concept customers.

- Finally, the expansion of local, regional and international dialogue systems, which means the investment of globalization advantages.

All of the above is useful and enhances the role played by institutions, but that does not mean that a Syrian theatre with a Syrian cadre will be ready to show its performances tomorrow morning, it is necessary to overcome a variety of obstacles, the most important thing is to fight the consolidation of dolls movers arrogance through our sense of inferiority toward them, then it will be possible to discuss the different worlds from scientific perspectives, not a racist.

Alaa Addin Zayat

VERSION v

Editorial Dr. M. Jama Tahhan

Because of the hands of brutal repression that used various kinds of weapons, those white hands that embrace the concerns of Shahba became empty, but they have hopes and steadfastness.

Our compassionate mother , Aleppo .. which is oppressed by some of its children through considering it responsible for the sins of her ingrate children, but it– forever - remains proud and resistant in the face of usurpers and tyrants.

Aleppo belongs to us. She is a female that makes us feel comfortable, and we learn from it. She is a mother who feed us with the milk of loving the smell of the dirt and those who walked on it, and our childhood which is ripe and full of life emerged from its paths .. It is an aspect, the other aspect is the story of the stone-paved streets, it guides us in walking, and its stumbles our first steps .. then we apologize from our blood spilled on it, because we spilled it frivolously, and we long for giving it for freedom. But- always- we were afraid of the first appearance of the power's whip until the revolution beginning.

There is a deep faith in our hearts .. and also a blood which dries when seeing a policeman, who represents terrorism imposed on us through putting our heads under the soil for a long time. We were and still asking God to wipe out unfair regimes and their supporters. Aleppo prepared us and it did not think that we may be weak .. she is proud of its citadel and she mocks our fear, it experienced many people and then they left…masters .. and slaves, but the question that digs in our consciousness: What is the benefit to withstand under the whips if we will stay under them until we die .. what is the benefit to hold the whip as long as we will leave what we have got and go ?!

Criminals do not destroy the human being only, but their criminal hands stretched to the old city and to the treasures of heritage and monuments and to Aleppo roofed market, which is the largest roofed market in the world since the century before last ..the Umayyad mosque is appeal for help from those who shell it. It was not the first time when Aleppo are destroyed and exposed to disasters, fires and invaders, each time Aleppo was waking up from its stumble and her sons reconstruct it again, it is proud of its citadel that took centuries of work with the contribution of many civilizations.

The one who learns loftiness from Aleppo.. .. he alone could preserve their history together …. and builds it, or contributes to building its civilization, not by praise.. but the euphoria of the work that is crowned with sincerity.

Today the media of the offender regime are promoting to what is so called victory by scoring a spot here and a neighborhood there, and everyone knows that what happened in Aleppo was not a battle of men, the ruling gang and its supporters are progressing on the perimeter of the city by combing the region with barrel bombs and the bombing of warplanes so that forces can enter destroyed empty zones.

The regime's claim of the siege on Aleppo reproduces telling lies in the beginnings of the revolution, and the attempt to siege Aleppo turns into a long-term war of attrition during which the unjust regime receives a lot of surprises and successive defeats until the fall. It is the city whose sons defeated Hulagu, Tamerlane, Mongol hordes, the Janissaries, the Mandate and subsequent tyrants, will definitely defeat Khomeini, Nasr Allat, Putin and Bashar al-Assad. Aleppo was destroyed by the Akkadian, the Hittites, Persians and Byzantines .. and it came back stronger. It resisted disasters and fires, and it will exceed the plight of the age to come back beautifully, being crowned with the victory of freedom and creativity on slavery and obeying.

human rights, civil and monthly magazine issued by human rights organization Al Kawakibi as print papers and electronically

The Editorial Team

Dr. Talal Al Abdullah Mr. Thaer Belal Eng. Yasmin Al Sham in this version * EdÄątional * Arguments Dark scenes * My Story with Al Kawakibi * Shock theory * Madaya death siege * Leishmaniasis * Oath which lawyers say in the United States * Sargon the Great of Akkad * They said about a woman

old version

Augest / 2016

Version / 24 /