Version 26

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‫‪2016<K<ŸÊ˘]<‡ËÜéi‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺷﺮاﻛﺎت‬ ‫وﺟﺴﻮر‬

‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ّ‬

‫ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬

‫وﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮس‬

‫ﻳﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬

‫ﺣﻠﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻮرﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻃﻼل اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ا ‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ﺛﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﻼل‬ ‫م‪ .‬ﻳﺎﺳﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺎم‬ ‫@ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ دﻋﻮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن‬ ‫@ ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺎت ‪ : ١٠‬ﺷﺮاﻛﺎت وﺟﺴﻮر‬ ‫@ ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ وﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ اﻟﺴﻮرﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫@اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟ ﺰﻫﺮي ‪/‬‬ ‫@ ﺻﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ ‫@ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫@ اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮس اﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﻴﻦ‬

тАл╫Р ╫Р ╫Р тАм

тАл тАк .тАм╫Р ╫Р тАм тАл┘ЛтАм тАля║Ся║кя╗Ля║Ф ╪г ┘СтАм тАля╗╗ я║Чя╗ия║О┘Е я║гя║Шя╗░ ┘И╪гя╗зя║Ц я║Ся╗Мя╗┤я║к я╗Ля╗ж ╪гя║╗я╗о╪з╪к ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║╝я╗ТтАм тАля╗Яя╗┤я║▓тАм тАл┘Ия╗гя║╕я║Оя╗ля║к ╪зя╗Яя╗ия╗┤я║о╪з┘Ж ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя║ая╗Мя╗Ю я║│я╗Шя╗Т ╪зя╗Яя╗оя╗Гя╗ж я║гя║ая║О╪▒╪й┘ЛтАм тАля╗│я║Шя╗дя║┤я╗Ья╗о┘Ж тАк ╪МтАмя║гя║Шя╗░ ╪вя║зя║отАм тАля║Чя║Шя║о╪зя╗Ыя╗в я╗Уя╗о┘В ╪з┬Ся╗Гя╗Фя║О┘Д ╪зя╗Яя║мя╗│я╗жтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля╗Яя║дя╗Ия║ФтАк ╪МтАмя║Ся╗ая╗Мя║Тя╗мя╗в ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║╗я╗ия╗Мя╗оя╗ля║О я╗гя╗ж ╪гя╗зя╗Шя║О╪╢ ╪зя╗Яя║Тя╗┤я╗о╪ктАк .тАмя╗гя║ОтАм тАля╗│я╗Дя║О┘Д ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗о╪з╪▒┘К ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя║┤я╗Ья╗ж ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя╗ая║Р я╗│я╗Ря║░┘И┘Г я║гя║Шя╗░ ┘И╪гя╗зя║Ц я╗Уя╗▓тАм тАля║Ся║Оя╗Яя║Шя║оя║╗я║к ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя╗ая╗ЦтАм тАля╗Чя║О╪▒╪й┘Н ╪гя║зя║о┘ЙтАк .тАм╪гя╗зя║Ц я║│я╗о╪▒┘К ╪е╪░┘Ж ╪гя╗зя║Ц я╗гя║дя╗Ья╗о┘ЕтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля╗Яя╗ия║┤я║Оя║Ля╗в ╪зя╗Яя║дя║о ┘Ся╗│я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я╗Гя║Оя╗Яя╗дя║О я║Чя╗Р ┘Ся╗ия╗┤я║Ц я║Ся╗мя║О ┘Ия╗Яя╗в я║Чя║Шя║в я╗Яя╗ЪтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя║┤я╗ая╗Дя║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║ая║Оя║Ля║о╪й ╪зя║│я║Шя╗ия║╕я║О┘В я╗Ля║Тя╗┤я║о я╗зя║┤я║Оя║Ля╗дя╗мя║ОтАк .тАмя║Ся║к ┘ЛтАм тАля╗╗ я╗гя╗ж я╗зя║Ья║отАм тАля║Чя║╝я║о ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗Ья╗оя╗гя║Ф я╗Уя╗▓тАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Дя╗о╪▒ ┘И╪з┬С╪▒╪▓ ┘Ия║Чя╗оя╗Уя╗┤я║о ╪зя╗Яя╗Ья║о╪зя╗гя║Ф тАк╪МтАмтАм тАл┘СтАм тАл╪пя╗гя║╕я╗Ц я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪ея╗гя╗Дя║О╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║к┘Ж ┘И╪зя╗Яя║Тя╗ая║к╪з╪к я║Ся║Оя╗Яя╗Шя╗ия║Оя║Ся╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║дя║О╪▒я╗Чя║ФтАк.тАмтАм тАл╪гя╗зя║О ╪гя╗Ыя║Шя║РтАк ..тАм╪гя╗зя║Ц я║Чя╗Шя║о╪гтАк ..тАмя╗ля╗в ┘Пя╗│я╗Ш ┘Оя║Шя╗ая╗о┘Ж тАк ..тАм┘Ия╗ля╗о я╗│я║╕я║ая║Р я║Ся╗ия║╝я╗ТтАм тАля║╗я╗о╪ктАк .тАм╪гя╗зя║О ╪гя╗Ыя║Шя║Р я╗зя║кя╗гя╗▓ ┬Ся╗зя╗ия╗▓ я╗Яя╗в ╪гя║гя║Шя║о┘Б ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║Шя║О┘ДтАк ╪МтАм┘И╪гя╗зя║Ц я║Чя╗Шя║о╪гтАм тАл┘Ия║Чя║Шя║Дя╗Яя╗в ┬С┘Ж ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя╗Мя╗Ю я║Ся╗┤я║к ╪░╪з┘Г ╪зя╗Яя║м┘К я╗│я╗мя║░╪г я╗гя╗ж я╗зя║кя╗гя╗▓ ┘Ия╗│я║┤я║ия║отАм тАля╗гя╗ж ╪гя╗Яя╗дя╗Ъ ┘Ия╗ля╗о я╗│я╗Ря╗дя║░ ┬Ся╗Ля║к╪зя║Ля╗ия║ОтАк :тАмя╗гя║О ╪зя╗Яя║м┘К я║Чя║оя╗│я║к┘Ия╗зя╗к ╪гя╗Ыя║Ья║о я╗гя╗жтАм тАля║гя╗оя╗Яя║Ц я╗Яя╗Ья╗в ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪зя╗Гя╗ия╗┤я╗ж ╪ея╗Яя╗░ ╪▒я╗Ля║Оя╗│я║О тАк ..тАмя╗г┬╖╪к ╪зя╗Яя║┤я║ая╗о┘ЖтАм тАл╪░я╗Яя╗Ъ╪Я ┘СтАм тАля║Яя║о╪п╪к ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя║Оя║╗я╗┤я╗ж я╗гя╗ж ╪гя╗Ля╗дя║Оя╗Яя╗мя╗в ┘Ия║гя║Оя║╗я║о╪к ╪гя╗Чя╗о╪зя║Чя╗мя╗втАм тАля║Ся╗мя╗втАк┘С ..тАмтАм тАлтАк ..тАмя╗гя║О╪▒я║│я║Ц я╗Ыя╗Ю ╪гя╗зя╗о╪з╪╣ ╪зя╗Яя╗Ья║Тя║Ц ┘И╪зя╗Яя║дя║оя╗гя║О┘ЖтАк ..тАмя╗Пя║┤я╗ая║Ц ╪з┬С╪пя╗гя╗Ря║ФтАм тАл╪▓┘И╪▒╪к ╪зя╗Яя║Шя║О╪▒я╗│я║жтАк ..тАмя╗Л┘А ┘Ся╗ая║Тя║Ц ╪зя╗Яя╗Ья║Шя║Р ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║к╪▒я║│ ┘Ся╗┤я║ФтАк ..тАм╪гя╗Пя║оя╗Чя║ЦтАм тАля║Ся║Оя╗Яя║ая╗дя╗ая║ФтАк┘С ..тАмтАм тАля║│я║оя║Ся║Ц ╪зя╗Яя╗Ря╗оя╗Пя║О╪бтАм тАл╪з┬Ся╗гя║Ф я║Ся╗Ья╗Ю я╗гя║О я╗ля╗отАм тАля╗гя╗оя║Яя╗к я╗гя╗ия╗Ья╗в ╪ея╗Яя╗┤я╗мя╗втАк┘С ..тАмтАм тАл┘СтАм тАл┘И╪зя╗Яя╗Фя╗оя║┐я╗░ ┘И╪зя╗Яя║Шя║╕я╗оя╗│я║╢ ╪ея╗Яя╗░ я╗Ля╗Шя╗оя╗Яя╗мя╗в тАк ╪МтАмя╗гя╗К ╪зя╗Яя║дя╗ая╗┤я║РтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗дя║Тя║┤я║Шя║отАк.тАмтАм тАл┘ПтАм тАля╗╗ я║Чя╗Ря╗Ая║Тя╗о╪з я╗гя╗ия╗▓тАк :тАмя╗Пя║ктАк ├ГтАмя╗зя║ая║Шя╗дя╗КтАк ..тАмя╗зя╗Шя║о╪▒тАк .тАмя╗зя║╕я║ая║РтАк ..тАмя╗Уя╗ия╗Фя║о╪║тАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Ря╗Ая║Р я╗гя╗ж я╗гя║дя║Шя╗о╪з┘ЗтАк ╪МтАм┘Ия║Чя╗Мя╗о╪п ╪з┬Ся╗гя╗о╪▒ ╪ея╗Яя╗░ я╗гя║ая║О╪▒я╗│я╗мя║ОтАк ╪МтАмя╗Ыя╗дя║ОтАм тАля║Чя║╕я║Шя╗мя╗о┘ЖтАк .тАмя╗гя║╝я║Оя╗Яя║дя╗ия║О я╗гя║╕я║Шя║оя╗Ыя║ФтАк :тАм╪з┬С╪▒╪╢ я╗Яя╗┤я║┤я║Ц я╗Яя╗Ья╗втАк..тАмтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗оя╗Гя╗ж я╗Яя╗┤я║▓ я╗гя╗ая╗ЬтАк ├ЗтАмя╗Яя╗▓тАк ..тАмя╗╗я║╖я║оя╗Ля╗┤я║Ф я╗Яя╗ия║О я╗гя╗МтАк ╪М├ЗтАм┘Ия╗Яя╗Ья╗ж тАУ я╗╗я║Ся║Д╪│ тАУтАм тАл┘ТтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Ия╗дя║Ф я╗╗ я║Чя╗Ая╗┤я║о ╪е╪░╪з я╗Ыя║Оя╗зя║Ц я║Чя╗дя╗ия╗К ╪зя╗Яя╗┤я║Д╪│тАк ..тАм╪е╪░╪з я╗│я║Мя║┤я╗о╪з я║╗я║О╪▒┘И╪зтАм тАл╪▒╪пя╗ля╗втАк .тАмя╗╗тАм тАл)я║╖я╗дя║╕я╗о┘Ж(тАк ╪МтАм┘Ия╗зя╗Мя╗о╪п я╗Пя╗┤я║о я╗Чя║О╪п╪▒я╗│я╗ж я╗Ля╗ая╗░тАм тАл┘СтАм тАл╪гя║Яя╗ая╗о╪з ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║Шя╗Ю я╗Чя╗ая╗┤ ┘ЛтАм тАля╗╝тАк ..тАм╪гя║╖я║ая║Р я╗│я║мя╗Ля╗ия╗о┘ЖтАк..тАмтАм тАля║Чя║┤я║Шя╗Мя║ая╗ая╗о╪зтАк ..тАмя║Чя║о ┘Ся╗│я║Ья╗о╪з тАк┘С ..тАмтАм тАля╗зя║┤я║дя╗Шя╗мя╗в ┘И╪зя║гя║ктАк ├ГтАм┘И╪зя║гя║ктАк ├ГтАмя╗гя╗ия╗Фя║о╪пя╗│я╗жтАк.тАмтАм тАля║Чя╗М ┘Ся╗ая╗дя╗о╪з ╪зя╗Яя║к╪▒╪│ я╗гя╗ия╗▓тАк ..тАмя╗Ля║Оя╗гя╗ая╗о╪з ╪гя╗Ля║к╪з╪бя╗Ыя╗в я╗Ыя║О┬Ся║╗я║кя╗Чя║О╪бтАк ..тАмя║гя╗┤я╗жтАм тАля╗│я║Дя╗гя╗ия╗о┘Ж я║Чя║╝я║Тя║в ╪зя╗Яя╗Ая║оя║Ся║Ф ╪гя╗Ыя║Ья║о ╪ея╗│я╗╝я╗гтАк ├ЗтАм┘И╪г╪пя╗Ля╗░ я╗Яя╗╝я║│я║Шя║┤я╗╝┘ЕтАк.тАмтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗дя║о╪п я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя║мя╗│я╗жтАм тАл╪гя╗╗ я╗│я╗оя║Яя║к я╗гя║Мя║Ф я╗гя╗ая╗┤я╗о┘Ж я╗Чя║о╪▒┘И╪зтАм тАл┘СтАм тАл┘Ия╗│я║ая╗оя╗Ля╗оя╗зя╗мя╗в я╗Уя╗▓ ╪гя║зя║о┘ЙтАк╪МтАмтАм тАля╗│я╗Дя╗Мя╗дя╗оя╗зя╗мя╗в ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя║Шя║О╪к я╗Уя╗▓ ╪п┘И┘ДтАк╪МтАмтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля╗Ыя╗▓ я╗│я╗Ая╗дя╗ия╗о╪з ┘Ия╗╗╪бя╗ля╗в ╪зя╗Яя║к╪зя║Ля╗в╪Я ╪гя╗╗ я╗│я╗оя║Яя║к я╗гя╗ая╗┤я╗о┘Ж я╗Ыя║Оя║Чя║РтАм тАля╗Чя║О╪п╪▒я╗│я╗ж я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя║Чя║ия║О╪░ я╗Чя║о╪з╪▒ я╗│я╗ия║Оя║│я║Р ╪зя╗Яя║╕я╗Мя╗о╪и я╗Ыя╗▓ я║Чя╗Мя╗┤я║к я╗гя║ая║ктАм тАля║гя╗Ая║О╪▒╪зя║Чя╗мя║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗ая╗┤я║к я║Ся╗Мя╗┤я║ктАк ├ГтАмя╗Ля╗ж ╪зя╗Яя║┤я╗┤я║к ╪з┬Ся╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья╗▓ ┘И╪г╪░я╗│я║Оя╗Яя╗ктАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗дя║д ┘Ся╗ая╗┤я╗┤я╗ж ╪ЯтАм

тАля╗гя║О я╗│я║дя║к╪л я╗Уя╗▓ я║гя╗ая║РтАк ..тАмя╗гя║О я╗│я║дя║к╪л я╗Уя╗▓ я╗Уя╗ая║┤я╗Дя╗┤я╗жтАк ..тАмя╗гя║О я╗│я║дя║к╪лтАм тАля╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗оя╗Гя╗ж ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя║оя║Ся╗▓ )╪зя╗Яя╗дя║оя║гя╗о┘Е я╗Чя║Тя╗Ю ┘Ия╗╗╪пя║Чя╗к( тАк ..тАмя╗гя║О я╗│я║дя║к╪лтАм тАля╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя║Оя╗Яя╗в ╪зя╗Яя║м┘К я╗│я║Ж┘И┘Д ╪ея╗Яя╗░ ╪зя╗Яя║ия║о╪з╪итАк ..тАмя╗гя║О я╗│я║дя║к╪л ╪зтАк├ОтАм┘Ж я╗Уя╗▓ ╪г┘КтАм тАля╗гя╗Ья║О┘ЖтАк ╪МтАмя╗Яя╗в я╗│я╗Мя║к я╗│я║дя║Шя╗дя╗Ю ╪зя╗Яя║┤я╗┤я║Оя║│я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя╗Мя║Шя╗дя║к ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Шя╗ЮтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя║Шя║о┘И┘К тАк├РтАмя║Яя║о╪з╪б ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗о╪з╪▓я╗зя║О╪ктАм тАл┘И╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Шя╗╝я╗зя╗┤я║ФтАк ╪МтАм┘Ия╗Яя╗в я╗│я╗Мя║к я╗│я║дя║Шя╗дя╗ЮтАм тАл┘СтАм тАл┘Ия║гя║┤я║О╪и ╪зя╗Яя║ия╗Дя╗░тАк .тАмя╗гя║О я╗│я║ая║о┘К ╪зтАк├ОтАм┘Ж я║зя║о┘И╪м я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪г┘К я╗гя╗ия╗Дя╗ЦтАк ╪МтАм┘Ия╗╗тАм тАля╗│я╗дя╗Ья╗ж я╗гя╗о╪зя║Яя╗мя║Шя╗к ╪ея╗╗ я║Ся╗дя╗ия╗Дя╗Ц ╪зя╗Яя╗╝я╗гя╗ия╗Дя╗Ц я╗зя╗Фя║┤я╗к я║гя║Шя╗░ ┘Пя╗│ ┘Оя║о ┘С╪птАк╪МтАмтАм тАл┘И╪е ┘СтАм тАля╗зя║Шя║дя║┤я║о я╗Ля╗ая╗░ я║Ся╗Шя║Оя╗│я║О ╪гя╗гя║ая║О╪птАм тАля╗╗ я║Ся╗Шя╗┤я╗ия║О я╗зя║о╪з┘И╪н я╗Уя╗▓ ╪гя╗гя╗Ья╗ия║Шя╗ия║ОтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля║гя╗дя╗ая╗мя║О ╪гя║Яя║к╪з╪пя╗зя║О я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪гя╗Ыя║Шя║Оя╗Уя╗мя╗втАк ╪МтАмя║Ыя╗в ╪гя╗ля╗дя╗ая╗мя║О ╪гя║Ся╗ия║О╪дя╗ля╗втАм тАля║Ся║Тя║о┘И╪п я╗│я║╕я║Тя╗к я║Ся║о┘И╪п я║Яя╗ия║к┘К ╪гя║│я║к┘К ┘Ия╗ля╗о я╗│я╗Шя║Шя╗Ю я╗Гя╗Ф ┘ЛтАм тАля╗╝ я╗Уя╗▓тАм тАл╪гя╗гя╗ктАк.тАмтАм тАля║гя╗Ая╗ж ┘СтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗дя║к╪зя╗Уя╗К ╪з┬С┘Ия║гя║к я╗Ля╗ж я║гя╗Шя╗о┘ВтАм тАл┘Ия╗гя║О я║Чя║░╪з┘Д ╪гя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья║ОтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля║Чя╗Мя║к я╗зя╗Фя║┤я╗мя║О ┘ПтАм тАл╪з┬Ся╗гя╗в ┘Ия╗Ля╗ж я║Чя╗ия╗Ия╗┤я╗в ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗╝я╗Чя║О╪к я║Ся╗┤я╗ж ╪зя╗Яя║к┘И┘Д я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪гя║│я║О╪│ я╗гя╗жтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя║╕я║оя╗Ля╗┤я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║к┘Ия╗Яя╗┤я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я╗ля╗▓ я║╖я║оя╗Ля╗┤я║Шя╗мя║О ┘Ия║гя║кя╗ля║О ┘Ия║гя║┤я║РтАк.тАмтАм тАл╪гя╗│я╗ж ╪гя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья║О я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║о╪з╪▒╪з╪к ╪зя╗Яя║╕я║оя╗Ля╗┤я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║к┘Ия╗Яя╗┤я║Ф ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя║кя╗Ля╗о ╪ея╗Яя╗░тАм тАл╪е╪п╪зя╗зя║Ф ╪зя╗Яя╗ия╗Ия║О┘Е я╗Уя╗▓ ╪пя╗гя║╕я╗Ц ╪ЯтАм тАл╪гя╗│я╗ж ╪гя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья║О я╗Уя╗▓ ╪зя╗╗я╗зя║Шя╗мя║Оя╗Ыя║О╪к ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя║ая║о┘К я║┐я║к ╪зя╗Яя║┤я╗о╪▒я╗│я╗┤я╗жтАм тАл╪п╪зя║зя╗Ю я║гя║к┘И╪пя╗ля╗в ┘Ия║зя║О╪▒я║Яя╗мя║О╪ЯтАк.тАмтАм тАля╗зя║╝я║к┘В ╪г┘Ж ╪гя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья║О я║Чя╗Р ┘Ся╗┤я║о╪к ╪ЯтАм тАля╗ля╗ЮтАм тАл┘СтАм тАл┘Ия╗ля╗Ю я╗зя║Ья╗Ц я║Ся║Д┘Ж ╪зя╗Яя╗мя╗┤я║Мя║О╪к ╪зя╗Яя║к┘Ия╗Яя╗┤я║Ф я║Чя║┤я║Шя╗Дя╗┤я╗К ╪зя╗Яя║ия║о┘И╪м я╗Ля╗ая╗░тАм тАля║Чя╗Мя╗ая╗┤я╗дя║О╪к ╪гя╗гя║оя╗│я╗Ья║О ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя╗дя║Шя║Ья╗Ю я╗Яя╗дя║О я╗│я║оя╗│я║к┘З ╪зя╗Яя║╝я╗мя║Оя╗│я╗ия║Ф ╪ЯтАм тАля╗ля╗Ю ┘Пя╗│я║оя║Яя╗░ я╗Яя╗ия║О я║зя╗┤я║о я╗гя╗ж ╪зя╗Яя║ая╗ая╗о╪│ ╪ея╗Яя╗░ я╗гя╗о╪зя║Ля║к ╪зя╗Яя╗дя╗Фя║О┘Ия║┐я║О╪ктАм тАля╗Яя╗ия╗Шя╗ия╗К ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║ая║оя╗гя╗┤я╗ж ╪г┘Ж я╗│я╗Ья║Шя╗Фя╗о╪з я║Ся╗дя║О ╪г╪▒╪зя╗Чя╗о┘З я╗гя╗ж ╪пя╗гя║О╪б╪Я я╗ля╗ЮтАм тАл┘Пя╗│я║оя║Яя╗░ я║зя╗┤я║о я╗гя╗ж ╪зя╗╗я║Яя║Шя╗дя║Оя╗Ля║О╪к ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗дя║Жя║Чя╗дя║о╪з╪к ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗дя║Тя║Оя║гя║Ья║О╪ктАм тАлтАк├РтАмя║╗я║к╪з╪▒ ╪зя╗Яя╗Шя║о╪з╪▒╪з╪к ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗▓ я║Чя║╕я║ая║Р ┘Ия║Чя║┤я║Шя╗ия╗Ья║о ┘Ия║Чя║кя╗│я╗ж╪ЯтАм тАл╪гя╗Яя╗в ┘Оя╗│ ┘Ря║дя╗ж ┘Ия╗Чя║Ц ╪зя║│я║Шя║ия║к╪з┘Е я║гя╗Ц ╪зя╗Яя╗Фя╗┤я║Шя╗о я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Шя╗ЮтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля╗Яя╗┤я║Шя╗оя╗Чя╗Т я║Ся║оя╗ля║Ф я╗Ля╗ж ╪зя╗Яя╗дя║┤я║Оя╗Яя╗дя║Ф ┘И╪зя╗╗я║│я║Шя║┤я╗╝┘Е╪ЯтАм тАл╪гя╗Яя╗в ┘Оя╗│я║М┘Ря╗ж ╪з┬С┘И╪з┘Ж я╗Ыя╗▓ я╗зя║╕я║ая║Р ╪зя╗Яя║Шя╗Ья╗ия╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗┤я║О я╗Чя╗ая╗┤ ┘ЛтАм тАля╗╝тАк ╪МтАм┘Ия╗зя║Шя║и ┘Ся╗ая╗░тАм тАл┘СтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя╗дя║о╪з┘Ия╗Пя║ФтАк ╪МтАмя╗Яя╗ия╗дя║О╪▒╪│ я║гя╗Шя╗ия║О я╗Уя╗▓тАм тАля╗Ля╗ж ╪зя╗Яя╗Ья╗╝я╗гя╗оя╗Яя╗оя║Яя╗┤я║О ╪зтАк├РтАм╪░я╗Ля║Оя╗зя╗┤я║ФтАм тАл┘РтАм тАл╪зя╗Яя║кя╗Уя║О╪╣ я╗Ля╗ж ╪гя╗зя╗Фя║┤я╗ия║О ┘Ия╗зя╗Мя╗ая╗ж я╗Ля╗ая╗░ ╪гя╗Ля║к╪зя║Ля╗ия║О ╪зя╗Яя║дя║оя║Ся╗ая╗оя║Яя╗┤я║О я╗Ыя╗▓тАм тАля╗зя║Ья║Тя║Ц я╗Яя╗мя╗в ╪гя╗зя╗ия║О ╪в╪пя╗гя╗┤я╗о┘Ж ┘Ия╗Яя╗ия║О я║гя╗Ц ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗┤я║╢ ╪гя║гя║о╪з╪▒тАк ├ГтАмя╗Ыя║о╪зя╗гтАк ├ЗтАм╪вя╗гя╗ия╗┤я╗жтАм тАля╗Уя╗▓ ╪пя╗│я║О╪▒я╗зя║О ╪ЯтАм тАл┘СтАм тАля╗│я║дя╗ЦтАм тАл┘И╪е╪░╪з я╗Ыя║О┘Ж ╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Шя╗Ю ┘И╪зя╗Яя╗Мя╗Шя╗╝я╗зя╗┤я║Ф я╗Яя╗в я╗│я╗Мя╗о╪п╪з я╗гя║ая║кя╗│я╗┤я╗жтАк ╪МтАм╪гя╗╗тАм тАля╗Яя╗ия║О ╪г┘Ж я╗зя╗дя║О╪▒╪│ ╪зя╗Яя║ая╗ия╗о┘Ж ╪ЯтАм

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‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺎت‬

‫ﺷﺮاﮐﺎت وﺟﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﻟو رﻏﺑت ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ طﺎوﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﻣﮭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ﺧﺷوﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻠﯾك اﺧﺗﯾﺎر طﺎوﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﯾﺔ اﻷرﺟل ﻷن ﺛﻣﺔ ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ دوﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣر ﺑﻧﻘﺎط ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﯾﺗﺣﻘﻖ ذﻟك ﻓﻲ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟرﺑﺎﻋﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺛﻣر اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻣﮭﯾد ﻟﻠﺣدﯾث ﻋن ﺷراﻛﺔ ﻣن ﻧوع ﺧﺎص ‪ ،‬وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻼﺛﯾﺔ ) ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت ﻣدﻧﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬إﻋﻼم ( وھذه اﻟﺷراﻛﺔ واﺣدة ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ ﺳﺣرﯾﺔ ﺳﻧﻔﺻﻠﮭﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺗﻠﻌب وﺳﺎﺋل اﻻﻋﻼم دور ﻣﻧﺷط اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎء ﻛوﺳﯾط ﻣﺣﻔز‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗؤﻣن ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺟﺎھﯾن ﺑﯾن ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ ﺗﻠﻌب دورا رﯾﺎدﯾﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﺗﺟﺎه ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ واﺳﻊ اﻟطﯾف ‪ ،‬وﻗد ﺗُﺻﻧف‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت اﻹﻋﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﻛواﺣدة ﻣن ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ وﻟﻛن ﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف ﺧﺎص ﯾﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ذﻟك اﻟوﺳﯾط اﻟﻣﺗﻔﺎﻋل وﺻﻠﺔ اﻟوﺻل ﺑﯾن ﻗﺎﻋدة‬ ‫اﻟﮭرم اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻲ واﻟﻣﻌﺑرﯾن ﻋن ﺑﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﻧظﯾﻣﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻧﮫ ﺑﻘﻠﯾل ‪.‬‬ ‫ھذه اﻟرﺟل اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ ﺗﻣﻧﺢ طﺎوﻟﺗﻧﺎ اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻻﺳﺗﻘرار وﺗؤﻣن ﺛﺑﺎﺗﺎ وﺗطورا‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻟو ﻟﻌﺑت دور اﻟﺟﺳر ﺑﺈﺗﻘﺎن ‪.‬‬ ‫* وﻣن أﺟل وظﯾﻔﺔ ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ ﺗﺿﻣن أداء اﻟﻣﯾدﯾﺎ ﻟﻠدور ﺳﺗﺑﻧﻰ ھذه اﻟﺷراﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻧﺻري اﻟﻧﻘد اﻟﻔﻌﺎل واﻹﺿﺎءة اﻟﻣﻔﯾدة ‪:‬‬ ‫* ﯾﺷﻣل اﻟﺑﻧد اﻷول ﻋرﺿﺎ ﻟﻣظﺎھر اﻟﻘﺻور اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﻲ واﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ ﻟرﺟﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ اﻷﺧرى ‪ ،‬وﺗﻘدﯾم ﻧﻘد ﺣواري ﯾﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺑداﺋل أوﻻ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗوﺳﯾﻊ داﺋرة اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ واﻟﻣﻛﺎﺷﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬رﺑﻣﺎ ﻏدت ﻣﻔردة اﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺟدا ﺑﻌد أﻋوام ﻣن ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ ﻣﯾدﯾﺎ ﻏﯾر اﺣﺗراﻓﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻓﻠﺳﻔﺔ ﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺗواﺻل اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻔﺿﺎﺋﺣﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن دورا ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎ ً ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﯾدﯾﺎ ھو ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز ﻋﻠﯾﮫ وﻻ ﯾﺗﺣﻘﻖ ذﻟك ﺑدون اﺣﺗراﻓﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن وﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﻻﻧﺗﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻔﺎﻓﯾﺔ داﺧﻼ أوﻻ ﻟﺗﻌزﯾزھﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﺎ ْ ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ً ‪.‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺑﻧد اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎءة اﻟﻣﻔﯾدة ‪ ،‬ھﻲ ﻟﯾﺳت ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﻠﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﺷﺧﺎص أو ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت ﺑل ﺗﺳﻠﯾط ﺿوء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺟﺎرب اﻻﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻧﺎﺟﺣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟدﻓﻊ ﻟدﻋم اﻟﺗوﺟﮭﺎت ‪ ،‬ان ﺣﺎﺟﺗﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻧﻣﺎذج ﺑﻣواﺟﮭﺔ رﻏﺑﺗﻧﺎ ﺑﺣﺻﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣزدوﺟﺔ ‪ ،‬ھﻲ اﺛﺑﺎت ان اﻟظروف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺳوﺗﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺟﻌﻠﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻌدم اﺑﺗﻛﺎر اﻟﺣﻠول ‪ ،‬واﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟذﻟك ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻧﺻﺔ اﻻﻋﻼم ‪ ،‬واﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺷﻛل ﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ اﻟﺑدﯾل ﺿد ﻣن ﯾﺣﺎوﻟون ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻣرار وﺿﻊ ﺣﺟﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺑﺳﯾطﯾﺔ ﻻﻧﺣدار اﻷداء ‪.‬‬

‫* ھل ﯾﻣﻛن ﺑﺣث ﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ ﻣﯾدﯾﺎ ﺟدﯾدة دون ﺗﺧﺻﺻﺎت دﻗﯾﻘﺔ ؟ وھل‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺧﯾل ﻣﺷروع ﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﮭ َدﻓوه اﻟﺷرﯾﺣﺔ اﻷﻋرض‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﻛﺎن وأدوات ﻣﺑﺎﺷرﺗﮫ ﻣﻧظوﻣﺎت ﻋﻣل ﻣدﻧﯾﺔ ﺑدون راﻓﻌﺗﮫ اﻟﻛﺑرى‬ ‫وھﻲ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت إﻋﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﺗﺿﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ واﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋل واﻟرؤى اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ ؟‬ ‫أﻋﺗﻘد أن ﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل ھﻲ اﻟﺟواب اﻷﺻدق ﻋن اﻟﺳؤاﻟﯾن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﯾن ‪.‬‬ ‫* واﻗﻌﯾﺎ ‪ :‬اﻟﻣﻧﺟز ﺧﻼل ﺧﻣس ﺳﻧوات وﻧﺻف ﻣﺣﺗﺎج ﺑﻌﻣﻖ ﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬اﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪ ٤٥۰‬وﺳﯾﻠﺔ اﻋﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﻣﺗﻧوﻋﺔ اﻓرزﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺳﻧوات‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ واﻻف اﻟﻣﺷﺗﻐﻠﯾن ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻘطﺎع وﻟﻛن طﺎوﻟﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻘرار ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻘواﺋم اﻟﺛﻼث ﻣﻠﺗﺑﺳﺔ وأﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﺳوء اﻟﺣظ ﻋداﺋﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬وذﻟك ﺑﺎﺳﻘﺎط وﺳﯾﻠﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻘد اﻟﻔﻌﺎل واﻹﺿﺎءة اذ ارﺗدت اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟب اﻷﺣﯾﺎن ﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺗرﺻد‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺑﻲ وارﺗدت اﻹﺿﺎءة طﺎﺑﻌﺎ ﺗﺻﻔﯾﻘﯾﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺧﻠو ﻣن دواﻓﻊ ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ او‬ ‫اﯾدﯾوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ او ﺣزﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫* ھل ﯾﺟب ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻏرﺑﺎل ﺑﻔﺗﺣﺎت ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻠص ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣﺎوﻻت دون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى ؟ ﻻ اﻋﺗﻘد ان ذﻟك ﯾﺗﺧذ ﺑرﻏﺑﺔ او ﻗرار‪ ،‬ﺑل ھو ﺧﺎﺿﻊ ﻟظرف‬ ‫ﻣوﺿوﻋﻲ ﺑﻧﺳب ﻛﺑﯾرة ‪ ،‬وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﺟرﯾب وﺷﻲء ﻣن اﻟﻣﻐﺎﻣرة ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت إﻋﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ وﻣدﻋﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﻠﯾﺔ وطﻧﯾﺔ ﺗدرك‬ ‫اﻟﺗوﺿﻊ واﻟدور ﺳﯾﻛون ﻏﯾر ﻣﻣﻛن دون ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت راﺑﺣﺔ ذاﺗﯾﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﯾﺎ ً ﻋن اﻟداﻋﻣﯾن ‪ .‬وھذا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺑدو اﻟﯾوم ﻣﺗﻌذرا ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن ﻓﻲ ﺣده‬ ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻓﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺎ وأﻧﺿﺞ ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﻟﻛوادر ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﺧوض‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوض ﺑﺷروط أﻓﺿل ﻟﺟﺎﻧب ھذه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر ‪.‬‬ ‫* أﺧﯾرا ھذا اﻻھﺗزاز ) أو اﻟﻌرج ( ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﯾﺗﻧﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺟب رده ﻓﻘط اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ اﻋﻼم ﻣﺎزاﻟت ﺗﺗﻠﻣس طرﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟو ﻣﻐﺑر ﺑﺷدة ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن ﺗوﺟد‬ ‫ﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻧﺻرﯾن اﻷول ) اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﯾﺔ ﺗﺣت ﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫طوارئ ﻣﺳﺗﻣرة ( واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ) ﻣﻧظوﻣﺎت ﻣدﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﺣت اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ ذاﺗﮭﺎ ( وﺣﺗﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯾدﯾﺎ ﺗﺣﺎول ان ﺗﻘوم ﺑدور ﻣﻣﻛن ﻣﺿﺣﯾﺔ وﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ رﻏم اﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺳﺗﮭدﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺷدة ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﻛل اﻻﺟﻼل ﻹﻋﻼﻣﯾﯾن ﺣﺎوﻟوا ﺟﮭدھم وﻏﺎﺑوا ﻋﻧﺎ وھم ﯾﺣﺎوﻟون ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﺎﺭﺛﻪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪. . .‬‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻟﻴﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎﺋب ﺟدﯾدة ﺗﻧﺗظر اﻟﺳورﯾﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣطﺎرات ‪ ..‬ﺳﻔﺎرات ﺑﺷﺎر اﻷﺳد ﺗﻣﻧﺢ ﺟوازات ﺳﻔر “ ﻧظﺎﻣﯾﺔ “ ﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ طﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺛم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣم أﻧﮭﺎ “ ﻣﺳروﻗﺔ “ !‬ ‫إﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ أذﯾﺔ اﻟﺳورﯾﯾن وﺗﻛﺑﯾدھم ﻋﻧﺎء ﻣﺷﺎﻗﺎت وﻣﺻﺎﺋب ﺟدﯾدة‪ ،‬ﺗﺿﺎب إﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺗﻧﺎھﯾﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻣﻣت ﺳﻠطﺎت ﺑﺷﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﺳد أرﻗﺎم ﺟوازات ﻧظﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﻣﻧﺣﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﺳورﯾﯾن ﺑﺷﻛل رﺳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ”ﻣﺳروﻗﺔ“‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧت ﺿﺣﯾﺔ إﺣدى ھذه اﻟﺗﻌﻣﯾﻣﺎت‪ ،‬اﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﯾﺔ اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ زﯾﻧﺔ ارﺣﯾم‪ ،‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣدﺛت ﻋﻣﺎ ﻣرت ﺑﮫ‪ ،‬أﻣس اﻟﺧﻣﯾس‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻣطﺎر‬ ‫ھﯾﺛرو ﺑﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺷور ﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺣﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﻣوﻗﻊ ﻓﯾﺳﺑوك‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ارﺣﯾم‪ ،‬إن ”اﻟﻧظﺎم ﻋﻣم أرﻗﺎم ﺟوازات ﺟدﯾدة ‪ ..‬ﻗﻣت ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧراج ﺟواز ﺳﻔر ﺟدﯾد ﺑـ ‪ ۱٥۰۰‬دوﻻر ﻣن اﻟﻘﻧﺻﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺳطﻧﺑول‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﻓرت ﻓﯾﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺎ وإﺳﺑﺎﻧﯾﺎ واﻟﻧروﯾﺞ وأﻟﻣﺎﻧﯾﺎ‪ ،‬واﺳﺗﺧرﺟت إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺗرﻛﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮫ‪ ،‬وﯾﺣﻣل‬ ‫أﺧﺗﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﯾﮫ“‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﺎﺑﻌت ‪” :‬ﯾوم أﻣس ﻓﻲ ﻣطﺎر ھﯾﺛرو‪ ،‬ﻗﺎم اﻷﻣن اﻹﻧﻛﻠﯾزي ﺑﻣﺻﺎدرﺗﮫ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﻟﻲ إﻧﮫ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺷﮭر اﻟراﺑﻊ وﺻﻠﮭم ﺑﻼغ ﻣن‬ ‫)اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ( أن ھذه اﻟﺟواز ﻣﺳروق وﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻌﺎد إﻟﯾﮭﺎ )ﻟﻠﺣﻛوﻣﺔ(“‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺿﺎﻓت ‪” :‬ﻣررت ﺑظروف ﺻﻌﺑﺔ وﺳﯾﺋﺔ وﺳﮭرت ﺣﺗﻰ اﻟﺻﺑﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣطﺎر‪ ،‬وﻟوﻻ أن ﺟواز ﺳﻔري اﻟﻘدﯾم ﻓﻌﺎل وﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﻔﯾز‬ ‫اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧت اﻵن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳﺟن“‪.‬‬ ‫وأﺷﺎرت ارﺣﯾم )‪ ۳۱‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎً(‪ ،‬اﻟﺣﺎﺋزة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋزة ﺑﯾﺗر ﻣﺎﻛﻠر ﻟﻠﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺷﺟﺎﻋﺔ واﻷﺧﻼﻗﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎم ‪ ،۲۰۱٥‬إﻟﻰ أن ”اﻟﻣﺧﯾف‬ ‫ھو أن اﻟﺳﻠطﺎت اﻟﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺟﻧﻲ وﺗرﺣﯾﻠﻲ وﻣﺻﺎدرة ﺟواز ﺳﻔري اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛون ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﮭم ﻣﻊ ﻧظﺎم اﻷﺳد ﻋﻠﻰ ھذا‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻧﺳﯾﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻣﺎ ً أن ﺳﻔﺎرﺗﮫ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻧذ ﺳﻧﯾن“‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﻔﺗت ارﺣﯾم ﻓﻲ ردھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻘﺎت ﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﯾﮭﺎ وأﺻدﻗﺎﺋﮭﺎ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ أن ”اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺑﺎھظﺔ ﻟﺟواز اﻟﺳﻔر ﺗﻌود ﻟﻌدم وﺟود ﻣواﻋﯾد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻔﺎرة ﻗﺑل ﻋﺎﻣﯾن“‪ ،‬اﻷﻣر اﻟذي ﯾﺟﺑر اﻟﺳورﯾﯾن اﻟﻣﺿطرﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻊ ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎھظﺔ ﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟواز ﺳﻔر ﺟدﯾد أو‬ ‫ﺗﺟدﯾد ﺟواز ﺳﻔرھم‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺗرﻛﯾﺎ ﺧﺻوﺻﺎً‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﺑرت اﻟﺻﺣﺎﻓﯾﺔ اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ ﻋن اﺳﺗﻐراﺑﮭﺎ وﺻدﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻣن ﻗول اﻟﺳﻠطﺎت اﻟﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ”ﺣﻠﻲ اﻟﻣوﺿوع ﻣﻊ ﺣﻛوﻣﺗك“‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﺑرﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺎ ﻣن اﻟدول ”اﻟﺻدﯾﻘﺔ“ ﻟﻠﺷﻌب اﻟﺳوري‪ ،‬واﻟﻣﻧﺎﺻرة ﻟﺛورﺗﮭم وﻣطﺎﻟﺑﮭم‪،‬وﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﻠوم ﻟدﯾﮭﺎ أن اﻟﻧظﺎم ﯾﺣﺎرب‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﯾﮫ ﺑﻛل اﻟﺳﺑل اﻟﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾﻌﺗﺑرھم ”إرھﺎﺑﯾﯾن“‪.‬‬ ‫وﻣﻧذ اﻧدﻻع اﻟﺛورة‪ ،‬ﻋﻣل ﺑﺷــﺎر اﻷﺳد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣرﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌـﺎرﺿﯾﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺣﺻـــول ﻋﻠﻰ أو ﺗﺟـدﯾد ﺟـــوازات‬ ‫ﺳــﻔرھم‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ دﻓـﻊ ﻣﺋـــﺎت اﻵﻻف ﻣن اﻟﺳورﯾﯾن إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺟوازات ﺳﻔر ﻣزورة‪ ،‬أو دﻓﻊ ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺎھظﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣرﺗزﻗﺔ اﻟﻧظـﺎم وﺳـﻣﺎﺳــرﺗﮫ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑل اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟـــواز ﺳـــﻔر‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ظـــل ﻓﺷــل اﻷﻣــم اﻟﻣﺗﺣــدة أو‬ ‫”أﺻدﻗﺎء ﺳورﯾﺎ“ ﺑﺈﯾﺟﺎد أي ﺣل ﺑدﯾل‪.‬‬

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‫اﻟﺰﻫﺮي‬

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‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻋدوى ﺗﺣدث ﺑﺳﺑب ﺟراﺛﯾم اﻟﻠوﻟﺑﯾّﺔ اﻟ ّ‬ ‫وﺗﻧﺗﺷر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺣﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ھو َ‬ ‫اﻟﺟراﺛﯾم ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎم اﻷول ﻋن طرﯾﻖ اﻟ ُﻣﺧﺎﻟطﺔ اﻟﺟﻧﺳﯾّﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷرﯾك‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﻣن اﻷم اﻟ ُﻣﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى‬ ‫ُﻣﺻﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗد‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎﻛرة ﻣن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ طﻔﻠﮭﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺣﻣل أو اﻟوﻻدة‪ .‬ﺗﺗﺳﺑّب اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﻋﺎدة ً ﺑﻘرﺣﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة وﺣﯾدة وﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻟﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻌَدوى‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺗورم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌُﻘد اﻟﻠﻣﻔﯾّﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﺎورة‪ .‬ﯾﺗﺳﺑّب ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري‬ ‫وھو ﯾﺗﺳﺑ ُ‬ ‫ّب أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ً ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺣﺎك‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯾدﯾن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋدم ﻋﻼﺟﮫ ﻋﺎدة ً ﺑطﻔﺢ ﺟﻠدي ﻏﯾر‬ ‫واﻟﻘدﻣﯾن ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎً‪ .‬وﻻ ﯾُﻼﺣ ُ‬ ‫ظ اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻣرﺿﻰ اﻷﻋراض ﻟﺳﻧوات‪.‬‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﻸﻋراض أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ وﺗذھَب‪ .‬ﺗﺳ ّﮭل اﻟﻘرﺣﺎتُ اﻟﺣﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري أن ﯾﻌطﻲ اﻟ ُﻣﺻﺎب ﻓﯾروس اﻟﻌوز اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺑﺷري ﻟﻠﺷرﯾك‬ ‫أو ﯾﻛﺗﺳﺑﮫ ﻣﻧﮫ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺟﻧس‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾﺗﺳﺑّب ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري إذا ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻣﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺈﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺟﻧﯾن ﺑﻌﯾوب وﻻدﯾّﺔ أو أﻧﮭﺎ ﻗد ﺗﺧﺳر ﺟﻧﯾﻧﮭﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﺳﺑّب ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻧﺎدرة ﺑﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﺻﺣﯾّﺔ ﺧَطﯾرة‪ ،‬وﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣوت‪ .‬ﯾﺷﻔﻰ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ُﻣﺿﺎدّات اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﻛراً‪ .‬ﯾُﻘﻠل اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻌوازل اﻟذﻛرﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧوﻋﺔ ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻼﺗﻛس ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ ُﺧطورة اﻟﺗﻘﺎط ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري أو ﻧﺷره‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻧﱠﮫ ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻧﮭﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﻣﺎﻣﺎً‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻋراض‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛنُ أن ﯾﺗﺳﺑّب ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﺑﺎﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻷﻋراض‪ .‬وأﻋراﺿﮫ ﺗﺷﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺻف اﻟزھري ﻓﻲ ﻣراﺣل‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬ ‫أﻋراض أﻣراض أﺧرى‪ .‬وﯾو َ‬ ‫ﺗﻣرﯾر اﻟﻌدوى ﻣن اﻷم إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟطﻔل ﺧﻼل اﻟوﻻدة‪ .‬وﻟﻛ ّل‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ ﻣن اﻟزھري أﻋراض‬ ‫ﯾﺗطور ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري ﻋﺎدة ً‬ ‫ُﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﺑر ﻣراﺣل‪ .‬وﻗد ﯾﺳﺗﻐرق اﻷﻣر‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺑﯾﻊ أو ﺷﮭور أو ﺣﺗﻰ ﺳﻧوات‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺗطور ﻣن ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺧرى‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وﺗﺗداﺧ ُل اﻟﻣراﺣل أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎً‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺿ ّﻣن ﻣراﺣ ُل ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري‪:‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾّﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻓﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟ ُﻣﺗﺄ ّﺧرة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻌرض اﻷول ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋراض اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛ ّل ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺷر ُح ھذا اﻟﻘﺳ ُم‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻷوﻟﻲ ھو ﻗرﺣﺔ ﻗﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة ُﻣدورة‪ .‬وﯾُطﻠ ُﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘرﺣﺔ اﺳم‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫وﯾظﮭر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻛﺎن دﺧول اﻟﺟراﺛﯾم إﻟﻰ اﻟﺟﺳم‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَرح‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘَرح ﻋﺎدة ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺿﯾب أو اﻟﻔَرج أو اﻟﻣﮭﺑل‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻗد ﯾﻧﺷَﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻖ اﻟرﺣم أو اﻟﻠﺳﺎن أو اﻟﺷﻔﺗﯾن أو ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟزاء أﺧرى ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون ھُﻧﺎك ﻋﺎدة ً ﺳوى ﻗَرح واﺣد‪ .‬ﻟﻛن ﻗد ﯾﻛون ھُﻧﺎك أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻋدّة ﻗروح‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر اﻟﻘرح ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﺑﻌ َد ﻧﺣو ‪۳‬‬ ‫ﺗﺗورم اﻟﻌُﻘد اﻟﻠﻣﻔﯾّﺔ اﻟ ُﻣﺟﺎورة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺑﯾﻊ ﻣن إﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻣرﯾض ﺑﻌدوى اﻟﺟراﺛﯾم‪ ،‬ﻏﯾر أﻧﮫ ﻗد ﯾﺣدُث ﻓﻲ أي‬ ‫وﻗت ﻣن ‪ ۹‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ۹۰‬ﯾوﻣﺎ ً ﺑﻌد اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى‪ .‬ﯾﻛون اﻟﻘَر ُح ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻟم‬ ‫ﻋﺎدةً‪ ،‬وﻗد ﯾظﮭر داﺧل اﻟﺟﺳم‪ ،‬وﻗد ﻻ ﯾُﻼﺣظﮫُ اﻟﻣرﯾض‪ .‬ﯾﺧﺗﻔﻲ اﻟﻘَر ُح ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻏﺿون ﻧﺣو ‪ ٦-۳‬أﺳﺎﺑﯾﻊ‪ ،‬ﺳواء أﻋﺎﻟﺟﮫ اﻟﻣرﯾض أم ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫ھذا ﯾﻌﻧﻲ ّ‬ ‫أن اﻟﻣرﯾض ﻗد ﯾُﺻﺎب ﺑﺎﻟزھري اﻷوﻟﻲ دون أﻋراض‪ ،‬أو دون‬ ‫أن ﯾُﻼﺣظ اﻷﻋراض اﻟﺧَﻔﯾﻔﺔ‪ .‬إذا ﻟم ﯾُﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻷوﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺗﻧﺗﻘ ُل‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟزھري‬ ‫اﻟﻌدوى إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾّﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﻛون ﻟدى ُﻣﻌظم اﻟ ُﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي طﻔﺢ ﺟﻠدي ﻻ ﯾﻛون ﺣﺎﻛﺎً‪ .‬وﯾﻛونُ اﻟطﻔ ُﺢ ﻋﺎدة ً ﻋﻠﻰ راﺣﺗﻲ اﻟﯾدﯾن‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﻣﺻﻲ اﻟﻘدﻣﯾن‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾُﻐطﻲ ّ‬ ‫اﻟطﻔﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺣﺎﻻت ﻛﺎﻣ َل اﻟﺟﺳم‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر اﻟطﻔ ُﺢ ﺑﻌد اﻟﻘرح ﺑﻣدى ‪۱۰-۲‬‬ ‫أو ﻗد ﯾظﮭر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺿﻌﺔ ﻣﻧﺎطﻖ ﻓﻘط‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﯾﺣدث ﻋﺎدة ً ﻋﻧ َد اﻟﺗﺋﺎم اﻟﻘرح أو ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻗد اﻟﺗﺄم ﻟﻠﺗو‪.‬‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺑﯾﻊ‪ .‬وھو‬ ‫وﺗﺷﻣ ُل اﻷﻋراض اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻷﺧرى‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗورم اﻟﻌﻘد اﻟﻠﻣﻔﯾّﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻداع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﮭﺎب اﻟﺣﻠﻖ‪ .‬اﻟﺗﱠﻌَب‪ .‬اﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫اﻷﻋراض اﻷﺧرى اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻛون ﺣدوﺛﮭﺎ أﻗ ّل ُ‬ ‫ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ ً ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺗﺗﺿ ّﻣن‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺣ ﱠﻣﻰ‪ .‬أوﺟﺎع‪ .‬ﻧﻘص وزن‪ .‬ﺗﺳﺎﻗط اﻟﺷﻌر‪ .‬أوﺟﺎع ﻣﻔﺻﻠﯾّﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗروح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔم أو اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻧﺎﺳﻠﯾّﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻋراض ﺧﻔﯾﻔﺔً‪ .‬وﺗﺣوي ﻗُروح ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن‬ ‫ﻗد ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺟراﺛﯾم‪ .‬وﻟذﻟك‪ ،‬ﯾﻣﻛن ﻷي ﺷﺧص ﯾﺣﺗك ﺑﮭﺎ أن ﯾُﺻﺎب ﺑﺎﻟزھري‪ .‬ﺳوف‬ ‫أن ﱡ‬ ‫ﯾﺑدو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي ﻗد زال ﺣﺗﻰ دون ﻋﻼج‪ ،‬ﻏﯾر أﻧﮫ ﻗد ﯾُﻌﺎود ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔً‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﺳﺗﻧﺗﻘ ُل اﻟﻌدوى دون ﻋﻼج إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣراﺣل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠزھري ﻋﻧ َد اﻧﺗﮭﺎء أﻋراض ﱡ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﯾض ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾُﻼﺣظ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟزھري اﻟﺑﺎﻛر اﻟﺧﺎﻓﻲ ّ‬ ‫أن اﻷﻋراض واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﻗد اﺧﺗﻔت‪ .‬وﯾُطﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ھذه اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ ً اﺳم اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷن اﻟﻌدوى ﺗﻣﻛث ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﺳم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳﯾظل ﺑﻣﻘدور اﻟﻣرﯾض أن ﯾُﺻﯾب ﺷرﯾﻛﮫ اﻟﺟﻧﺳ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻌدوى ﺻﺎﻣﺗﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزء اﻷﺧﯾر ﻣن اﻟزھري اﻟﺧﺎﻓﻲ‪ .‬وﺗﻛون ﺧطورة‬ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺷرﯾك اﻟﺟﻧﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى ُﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔً أو ﻏﯾر ﻣوﺟودة؛ إﻻﱠ أﻧﮫ إذا ﻟم‬ ‫ﯾُﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻣرﯾض اﻟﻣﺻﺎب ّ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟزھري اﻟﺧﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘد ﯾﻧﺗﻘل إﻟﻰ ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟزھري‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ُﻣﺗﺄﺧرة‪ .‬وھذه ھﻲ أﻛﺛر ﻣراﺣل اﻟﻣرض ﺧطورة‪ .‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﺑدون ﻋﻼج‪ ،‬ﻟن‬ ‫ﺗﺣدث اﻟ ُﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺔ اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳم اﻟزھري اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﻲ‪ ،‬أو زھري اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺄﺧرة‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻋﻧد ﻋدد ﻗﻠﯾل ﻣن اﻟ ُﻣﺻﺎﺑﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﻌدوى‪ .‬ﻓﻲ زھري اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺄﺧرة‪ ،‬ﺳوف ﺗﺗﻠف اﻟﺟراﺛﯾم اﻟﻘﻠب أو اﻟﻌﯾﻧﯾن أو اﻟدﻣﺎغ أو اﻟﻌظﺎم أو‬ ‫أي ﺟزء آﺧر ﻣن اﻟﺟﺳم ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎً‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾﺣدث اﻟﺗﻠف ﺑﻌد اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ِّ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﻧوات أو ﺣﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﻘُود‪ .‬ﻗد ﯾﺗﺳﺑّب ُ‬ ‫اﻟزھري‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺄﺧر ﺑﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺿطراب ﻧﻔﺳﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻣﻰ‪ .‬ﺻﻣم‪ .‬ﻓﻘد ذاﻛرة أو ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﻋﺻﺑﯾﺔ أﺧرى‪.‬‬

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‫ﺻﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﺬﺑﺤﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﺒﺮﻳﻨﻴﺘﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﻧﻨﺴﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 21‬ﻋﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻻن أزﻫﻘﺖ ‪ 8373‬روح ﺑﺮﻳﺌﺔ وﺑﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ دوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﻧﻴﺘﺴﺎ وﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮات اﻻوان‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻛﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﺒﺮﻳﻨﻴﺘﺴﺎ وﻧﺮﺟﻮ اﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺨﺰي ﻟﻼﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﺐ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣذﺑﺣﺔ ﺳرﯾﺑرﯾﻧﯾﺗﺳﺎ ‪ ۱۲‬ﺗﻣوز ‪۱۹۹٥‬‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻻﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ إﺑرﯾل ‪ ۱۹۹۳‬أﻋﻠﻧت اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﺑﻠدة ﺳرﯾﺑرﯾﻧﯾﺗﺳﺎ اﻟواﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ وادي درﯾﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻣﺎل ﺷرق اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﺔ "ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ آﻣﻧﺔ" ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻗوات اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻛﺗﯾﺑﺔ اﻟﮭوﻟﻧدﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗوات اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة واﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺑﻠﻎ ﺗﻌدادھﺎ ‪ ٤۰۰‬ﻋﻧﺻر ‪ ،‬وﺑﻧﺎ ًء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﻗﺎم اﻟﻣﺗطوﻋون اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﯾﯾون اﻟذﯾن ﻛﺎﻧوا ﯾداﻓﻌون ﻋن اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺗﺳﻠﯾم أﺳﻠﺣﺗﮭم ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻻ أن إﻋﻼن اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻛﻣﻧطﻘﺔ آﻣﻧﺔ ﺗﺣت ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻻﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ‪ ،‬ﻟم ﯾﺣل دون وﻗوع اﻟﻣﺟزرة‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ أن ﻋﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻛﺗﯾﺑﺔ اﻟﮭوﻟﻧدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟم ﯾﺗدﺧﻠوا ﻷﺟل ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺳﻛﺎن اﻟﺑﻠدة ذوي اﻷﻏﻠﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﺟزرة‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣت اﻟﻘوات اﻟﺻرﺑﯾﺔ وﺑﺄواﻣر ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻣن أﻋﺿﺎء ھﯾﺋﺔ اﻷرﻛﺎن اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﺟﯾش ﺟﻣﮭورﯾﺔ ﺻرﺑﯾﺎ اﻟﻘﺎدة‪-‬اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن‬ ‫واﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﯾن‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﺗطﮭﯾر ﻋرﻗﻲ ﻣﻣﻧﮭﺟﺔ ﺿد اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﯾﯾن واﻟﻣﻌروﻓﯾن ﺑﺎﺳم "اﻟﺑوﺷﻧﯾﺎق" ‪،‬وﻗد ﺣدﺛت ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣرأى ﻣن اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ اﻟﮭوﻟﻧدﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻘوات ﺣﻔظ اﻟﺳﻼم اﻻﻣﻣﯾﺔ دون أن ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺄي ﺷﻲء ﻹﻧﻘﺎذ اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﯾن ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻣﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ﻗد طﻠﺑت‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﯾﯾن ﺗﺳﻠﯾم أﺳﻠﺣﺗﮭم ﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﺿﻣﺎن أﻣن اﻟﺑﻠدة ‪ ،‬اﻷﻣر اﻟذي ﻟم ﯾﺣﺻل ﺑﺗﺎﺗﺎً‪ .‬ﻓﺑﻌد دﺧول اﻟﻘوات اﻟﺻرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﻠدة‬ ‫ذات اﻻﻏﻠﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣت ﺑﻌزل اﻟذﻛور ﺑﯾن ‪ ۱٤‬و ‪ ٥۰‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ً ﻋن اﻟﻧﺳﺎء واﻟﺷﯾوخ واﻷطﻔﺎل ‪ ،‬ﺛم ﺗﻣت ﺗﺻﻔﯾﺔ ﻛل اﻟذﻛور‬ ‫ﺑﯾن ‪ ۱٤‬و ‪ ٥۰‬ﻋﺎم ودﻓﻧﮭم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑر ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻣت ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻏﺗﺻﺎب ﻣﻣﻧﮭﺟﺔ ﺿد اﻟﻧﺳﺎء اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت‪.‬‬

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‫دور اﻟوﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﺟﺗﻣﺎع ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻟﻣﺟﻠس اﻻﻣن ‪ ۱۰‬اﻏﺳطس ‪ /‬آب ‪۱۹۹٥‬‬ ‫أي ﺑﻌد ﺷﮭر ﻣن ﺳﻘوط اﻟﺑﻠدة ﺑﺄﯾدي اﻟﻘوات اﻟﺻرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪،‬ﻋرﺿت ﻣﺎدﻟﯾن أوﻟﺑراﯾت وزﯾرة اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ آﻧذاك‬ ‫ﺻور ﻣﻠﺗﻘطﺔ ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻗﻣﺎر ﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗظﮭر ﻓﯾﮫ ﻣﻛﺎن دﻓن‬ ‫أﻻف اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﯾن وﻻ ﺳﯾﻣﺎ اﻟذﻛور ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن ﺗم ﻗﺗﻠﮭم ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﺟﯾش اﻟﺻرﺑﻲ ودﻓﻧﮭم ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘل‬ ‫زراﻋﻲ ﻗرب ﺑﻠدة ‪ Nova Kasaba‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌد ‪ ۱۹‬ﻛم ﻣن‬ ‫ﺳرﺑرﻧﺗﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ﺗم اﻟﻌﺛور ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ۳۳‬ﺟﺛﺔ ﻓﻘط ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻣذﻛور ‪ ،‬ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻣت اﻟﻌﺛور ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪ ٤۰۰‬ﺟﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ‪ ۲۰‬ﻣوﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ أطراف ﺑﻠدة ﺳرﺑرﻧﺗﺳﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺑﻌث اﻟﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﺗﺳﺎؤﻻت ﻋن اﻟدور اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺻرف اﻻﻧﺗﺑﺎه ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟزرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻘد ﺟورج ﺑَﻣﻔري ‪ George Pumphrey‬ان اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺑوزﯾرة ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺗﮭﺎ ﺣﺎوﻟت ﺻرف اﻧﺗﺑﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻟدوﻟﻲ ﻋن ﻣﻛﺎن وﻗوع اﻟﻣﺟزرة ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣت ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟوﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﻣﺟزرة ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻌﺎت اﻟﻣﺟزرة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗم ﺗﺣﻣﯾل رادوﻓﺎن ﻛﺎرادﯾﺗش اﻟزﻋﯾم اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺻرب‬ ‫اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﺔ واﻟﺟﻧرال راﺗﻛو ﻣﻼدﯾﺗش اﻟذي ﻗﺎد اﻟﻣﻠﯾﺷﯾﺎ اﻟﺻرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﯾن واﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن وﺷﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن اﻟﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺔ ﻋن ﺗﻧظﯾم ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻗﺗل اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﯾن‬ ‫وﺗﺷرﯾدھم‪ .‬ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾزال ﻣﻌظﻣﮭم ﻣﺗواري ﻋن اﻷﻧظﺎر‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺣﻘﯾن ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻹﻧﺗرﺑول وﻗوات اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻛذﻟك‪ ،‬اﺗﮭم أھﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺿﺣﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻘوات اﻟﮭوﻟﻧدﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻧطﺎق ﻗوات اﻷﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﺑﻌدم اﻟدﻓﺎع ﻋن أھﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻠﯾم ﻣن اﻟﺗﺟﺄ ﻟﺛﻛﻧﺔ ھذه اﻟﻘوات ﻟﻣﯾﻠﯾﺷﺎ ﺻرب اﻟﺑوﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺗﻠﺗﮭم ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ً ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ً ]‪ .[۲۳‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ۲۰۰٤‬أﻋﻠﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻛﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﻧﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻻھﺎي اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﯾوﺳﻐﻼﻓﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ّﻣﻲ ﺑﻘﺿﯾﺔ ﻛرادﯾﺗش ‪ ،‬أن ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ [۲٤]، ICTY‬ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺻل ﻓﻲ ﺳرﺑرﻧﺗﺳﺎ ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗطﮭﯾر ﻋرﻗﻲ ﻋن ﺳﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺻد ‪ ،‬وذﻟك وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘواﻧﯾن اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺻرار واﻟﺗر ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗوﻓر ادﻟﺔ ﻗطﻌﯾﺔ ﺗدﯾن اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﺻرب اﻟذﯾن ﺧططوا ﻟﻠﻣﺟزرة‪.‬‬ ‫و ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،۲۰۰٥‬أﺷﺎر اﻷﻣﯾن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻸﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة آﻧذاك‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾد ﻛوﻓﻲ ﻋﻧﺎن ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎل ﺑﺎﻟذﻛرى اﻟﺳﻧوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺷرة ﻟﻺﺑﺎدة اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻠوم ﯾﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ أوﻟﺋك اﻟذﯾن ﺧططوا وﻧﻔذوا اﻟﻣذﺑﺣﺔ واﻟذﯾن ﺳﺎﻋدوھم‬ ‫‪،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﯾﻘﻊ أﯾﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدول اﻟﻛﺑرى واﻻﻣم اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة ﻛون‬ ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﺷﻠت ﻓﻲ اﺗﺧﺎذ إﺟراءات ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ‪ -‬أي اﻷﻣم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‪ -‬ارﺗﻛﺑت أﺧطﺎء ﺟﺳﯾﻣﺔ ﻗﺑل وأﺛﻧﺎء وﻗوع اﻟﻣﺟزرة ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻟذﻟك ﺳﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﺄﺳﺎة ﺳرﺑرﻧﯾﺗﺷﺎ ﻧﻘطﺔ ﺳوداء ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻷﻣم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑد ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﺿﺣﯾﺔ ﻟﻣذﺑﺣﺔ ﺳرﺑرﻧﯾﺗﺷﺎ‬

‫ﺗذﻛﺎر ﺿﺣﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻣﺟزرة "ﺻﺧور اﻷﻟم"‬

‫اﻟﺻورة اﻟﺗﻲ ﻋرﺿﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﺎدﻟﯾن أوﻟﺑرﯾت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺳﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻣﺟﻠس اﻷﻣن‬

‫أﺳﻣﺎء ﺿﺣﺎﯾﺎ ﻣﺟزرة ﺳرﺑرﻧﺗﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺟر ﺗذﻛﺎري‬

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‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻔﺗﺧر اﻟﺳوﯾد ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﻟم ﺗﺷﺎرك ﻣﻧذ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ‪ ۲۰۰‬ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣرب ‪ ،‬ﺣﯾث ﻛﺎﻧت آﺧر اﻟﺣروب اﻟﺗﻲ ﺧﺎﺿﺗﮭﺎ ‪#‬اﻟﺳوﯾد ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷر ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،۱۸۱٤‬ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ أﺟﺑرت اﻟﺳوﯾد اﻟﻧروﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟوﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘد اﺗﺣﺎد ﺷﺧﺻﻲ اﺳﺗﻣر ﺣﺗﻰ ﻋﺎم‬ ‫‪ .۱۹۰٥‬ﻣﻧذ ذﻟك اﻟﺣﯾن‪ ،‬واﻟﺳوﯾد ﻓﻲ ﺳﻼم وﺗﺗﺑﻧﻰ ﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋدم اﻻﻧﺣﯾﺎز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳﻠم واﻟﺣﯾﺎد ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﺣرب ‪.‬‬

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‫اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮس أﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻫﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋرﺿت اﺣدى ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟﺗﻠﻔزة اﻻﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ ﻣﻘطﻊ ﻧﺎدر ﻹﻋدام‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس اﻻﺳراﺋﯾﻠﻲ اﯾﻠﻲ ﻛوھﯾن او ﻣﺎ ﻋرف ﻋﻧﮫ ﺑﺎﺳم ﻛﺎﻣل أﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت واﻟﻐرﯾب ﺑﺎﻷﻣر ﺑﺎن ھذه اﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟوﺻول اﻟﯾﮭﺎ اﻻ ﻣن ﻗﺑل‬ ‫اﺣد ارﻛﺎن اﻟﻧظﺎم ﺿﻣن اﻟداﺋرة اﻟﺿﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﮭل ﺳﺗﺷﮭد اﻻﯾﺎم اﻟﻘﻠﯾﻠﺔ ﺗﺳﻠﯾم‬ ‫رﻓﺎت ھذا اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻰ اﺳراﺋﯾل ﺿﻣن وﺳﺎطﺔ روﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﻐرب ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻻﯾﺎم وﻟﻣن ﻻ ﯾﻌرف ﻗﺻﺔ ھذا اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس‬ ‫ﻧﺳردھﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟدى اﻟﻛﺛﯾرﯾن ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس أﯾﻠﻲ ﻛوھﯾن‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٤٤‬اﻧﺿم ﻛوھﯾن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺷﺑﺎب اﻟﯾﮭودي اﻟﺻﮭﯾوﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ وﺑدأ ﻣﺗﺣﻣﺳﺎ ً ﻟﻠﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺻﮭﯾوﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﺑﻼد اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺑﻌد ﺣرب ‪ ،۱۹٤۸‬أﺧذ ﯾدﻋو ﻣﻊ ﻏﯾره ﻣن أﻋﺿﺎء اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺟرة‬ ‫اﻟﯾﮭود اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﯾن إﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺳطﯾن‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٤۹‬ھﺎﺟر أﺑواه‬ ‫وﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣن أﺷﻘﺎﺋﮫ إﻟﻰ إﺳراﺋﯾل ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠّف ھو ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺑل‬ ‫أن ﯾﮭﺎﺟر إﻟﻰ إﺳراﺋﯾل‪ ،‬ﻋﻣل ﺗﺣت ﻗﯾﺎدة )إﺑراھﺎم دار( وھو أﺣد ﻛﺑﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺟواﺳﯾس اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﯾن اﻟذي وﺻل إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر ﻟﯾﺑﺎﺷر دوره ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺟﺳس وﻣﺳﺎﻋدة اﻟﯾﮭود ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﮭﺟرة وﺗﺟﻧﯾد اﻟﻌﻣﻼء‪ ،‬واﺗﺧذ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس اﺳم ﺟون دارﻟﯾﻧﺞ وﺷﻛّل ﺷﺑﻛﺔً ﻟﻠﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺻر ﻧﻔذت ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻔﺟﯾرات ﺑﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄت اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎھرة واﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺑﮭدف إﻓﺳﺎد اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻣﺻر واﻟوﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﺣدة‬ ‫اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،۱۹٥٤‬ﺗم إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻘﺑض ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓراد اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺿﯾﺣﺔ ﻛﺑرى ﻋرﻓت ﺣﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﻔﺿﯾﺣﺔ ﻻﻓون‪ .‬وﺑﻌد اﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن أﯾﻠﻲ ﻛوھﯾن ﻗد ﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن إﻗﻧﺎع اﻟﻣﺣﻘﻘﯾن ﺑﺑراءة ﺻﻔﺣﺗﮫ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ أن ﺧرج ﻣن ﻣﺻر ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٥٥‬ﺣﯾث اﻟﺗﺣﻖ ھﻧﺎك ﺑﺎﻟوﺣدة رﻗم‬ ‫‪ ۱۳۱‬ﺑﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻣوﺳﺎد ﺛم أﻋﯾد إﻟﻰ ﻣﺻر وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﺗﺣت ﻋﯾون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟم ﺗﻧس ﻣﺎﺿﯾﮫ ﻓﺎﻋﺗﻘﻠﺗﮫ ﻣﻊ ﺑدء اﻟﻌدوان‬ ‫اﻟﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺻر ﻓﻲ أﻛﺗوﺑر ‪.۱۹٥٦‬‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻧﯾده ﻓﻲ اﺳراﺋﯾل ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌد اﻹﻓراج ﻋﻧﮫ‪ ،‬ھﺎﺟر إﻟﻰ إﺳراﺋﯾل ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٥۷‬ﺣﯾث اﺳﺗﻘر ﺑﮫ اﻟﻣﻘﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت واﻧﻘطﻌت ﺻﻠﺗﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣوﺳﺎد ﻟﻔﺗرة ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ اﺳﺗؤﻧﻔت ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ طرد ﻣن ﻋﻣﻠﮫ وﻋﻣل ﻟﻔﺗرة ﻛﻣﺗرﺟم ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وزارة اﻟدﻓﺎع اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ وﻟﻣﺎ ﺿﺎق ﺑﮫ اﻟﺣﺎل اﺳﺗﻘﺎل وﺗزوج ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﮭودﯾﺔ ﻣن أﺻل ﻋراﻗﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ .۱۹٥۹‬وﻗد رأت اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛوھﯾن ﻣﺷروع ﺟﺎﺳوس ﺟﯾد ﻓﺗم إﻋداده ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻌﻣل ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺻر‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن اﻟﺧطﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺑﺛت أن ﻋدﻟت‪ ،‬ورأى اﻟﻣوﺳﺎد أن أﻧﺳب ﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺷﺎطﮫ اﻟﺗﺟﺳﺳﻲ ھو دﻣﺷﻖ‪ .‬وﺑدأ اﻹﻋداد اﻟدﻗﯾﻖ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻘوم ﺑدوره‬ ‫اﻟﺟدﯾد‪ ،‬وﻟم ﺗﻛن ھﻧﺎك ﺻﻌوﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗدرﯾﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺗﻛﻠم ﺑﺎﻟﻠﮭﺟﺔ اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺟﯾد اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﺑﺣﻛم ﻧﺷﺄﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ وﻛﺎن طﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻠك ﻓﺎروق وﺗرك اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎً‪.‬‬

‫رﺗﺑت ﻟﮫ اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ ﻗﺻﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﻘﺔ ﯾﺑدو ﺑﮭﺎ ﺳورﯾﺎ ً ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫ﯾﺣﻣل اﺳم ﻛﺎﻣل أﻣﯾن ﺛﺎﺑت ھﺎﺟر وﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻹﺳﻛﻧدرﯾﺔ ﺛم ﺳﺎﻓر ﻋﻣﮫ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٤٦‬ﺣﯾث ﻟﺣﻖ ﺑﮫ ﻛﺎﻣل وﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﮫ ﻋﺎم‪.۱۹٤۷‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،۱۹٥۲‬ﺗوﻓﻲ واﻟده ﻓﻲ اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛﺗﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺑﯾﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗوﻓﯾت‬ ‫واﻟدﺗﮫ ﺑﻌد ﺳﺗﺔ أﺷﮭر وﺑﻘﻰ ﻛﺎﻣل وﺣده ھﻧﺎك ﯾﻌﻣل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺟﺎرة اﻷﻗﻣﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗم ﺗدرﯾﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام أﺟﮭزة اﻹرﺳﺎل واﻻﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل اﻟﻼﺳﻠﻛﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺑر اﻟﺳري ﻛﻣﺎ راح ﯾدرس ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت ﻧﻔﺳﮫ ﻛل أﺧﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﺳورﯾﺎ وﯾﺣﻔظ أﺳﻣﺎء رﺟﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﯾن واﻟﺑﺎرزﯾن ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟم اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎد‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺟﺎرة‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﮫ اﻟﻘرآن وﺗﻌﺎﻟﯾم اﻟدﯾن اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ‪ ۳‬ﻓﺑراﯾر‬ ‫‪ ،۱۹٦۱‬ﻏﺎدر ﻛوھﯾن إﺳراﺋﯾل إﻟﻰ زﯾورﯾﺦ‪ ،‬وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺟز ﺗذﻛرة ﺳﻔر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﺷﯾﻠﯾﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺗﯾﺎﻏو ﺑﺎﺳم ﻛﺎﻣل أﻣﯾن ﺛﺎﺑت‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﺗﺧﻠف ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑوﯾﻧس اﯾرس ﺣﯾث ﻛﺎﻧت ھﻧﺎك ﺗﺳﮭﯾﻼت ﻣﻌدة ﺳﻠﻔﺎ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾدﺧل‬ ‫اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن ﺑدون ﺗدﻗﯾﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺗﮫ اﻟﺟدﯾدة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن اﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﮫ ﻋﻣﯾل إﺳراﺋﯾﻠﻲ ﯾﺣﻣل اﺳم أﺑراھﺎم ﺣﯾث ﻧﺻﺣﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﺳﺑﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾﻔﺗﺿﺢ أﻣره وﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل ﺗﻌﻠم ﻛوھﯾن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺑﺎﻧﯾﺔ وﻛﺎن أﺑراھﺎم ﯾﻣده ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎل وﯾطﻠﻌﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣﺎ ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻌرﻓﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻧﺟﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﻣﺗﮫ‪ .‬وﺑﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌﻣﻼء ﺗم ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛوھﯾن ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷرﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﻘل وظل ﻛوھﯾن ﻟﻣدة ﺗﻘﺗرب ﻣن اﻟﻌﺎم ﯾﺑﻧﻲ وﺟوده ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻛرﺟل أﻋﻣﺎل ﺳوري ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻓﻛون ﻟﻧﻔﺳﮫ ھوﯾﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﯾرﻗﻰ إﻟﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺷك‪ ،‬واﻛﺗﺳب وﺿﻌﺎ ﻣﺗﻣﯾزا ً ﻟدي اﻟﺟﺎﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎره رﺟﻼً وطﻧﯾﺎ ً ﺷدﯾد اﻟﺣﻣﺎس ﻟﺑﻠده وأﺻﺑﺢ ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣرﻣوﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛل وﺗﺷﯾر ﺑﻌض اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎت ﻟﺗﻌرﻓﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﯾد أﻣﯾن اﻟﺣﺎﻓظ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻛن ﺗوﻗﯾت اﺳﺗﻼم اﻟﺣﺎﻓظ ﻣﻧﺻب اﻟﻣﻠﺣﻖ اﻟﻌﺳﻛري ﻓﻲ ﺑﯾوﻧس آﯾرس‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻗد ﺗزاﻣن ﻣﻊ ﺳﻔر ﻛوھﯾن ﻟﺳورﯾﺎ ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﻧﻔﻲ أي ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن ]‪[۱‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻣﺂدب اﻟﻔﺎﺧرة اﻟﺗﻲ اﻋﺗﺎد ﻛوھﯾن ‪-‬أو ﻛﺎﻣل أﻣﯾن ﺛﺎﺑت‪ -‬إﻗﺎﻣﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ وﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﻛون اﻟدﺑﻠوﻣﺎﺳﯾون اﻟﺳورﯾون ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫رأس اﻟﺿﯾوف‪ ،‬ﻟم ﯾﻛن ﯾﺧﻔﻲ ﺣﻧﯾﻧﮫ إﻟﻰ وطﻧﮫ ﺳورﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ورﻏﺑﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫زﯾﺎرة دﻣﺷﻖ‪ .‬ﻟذﻟك‪ ،‬ﻟم ﯾﻛن ﻏرﯾﺑﺎ ً أن ﯾرﺣل إﻟﯾﮭﺎ ﺑﻌد أن وﺻﻠﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻣن اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ ووﺻل إﻟﯾﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‬ ‫‪ ۱۹٦۲‬ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﮫ اﻵت دﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺟﺳس‪ ،‬وﻣزودا ﺑﻌدد ﻣن اﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟرﺳﻣﯾﺔ وﻏﯾر اﻟرﺳﻣﯾﺔ ﻷﻛﺑر ﻋدد ﻣن اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳورﯾﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎدة ﺑﻧوع ﺧﺎص إﻟﻲ اﻟروح اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗﻣﯾز ﺑﮭﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺣﻖ أن ﯾﻛون ﻣﺣل ﺗرﺣﯾب واھﺗﻣﺎم ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾن ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳورﯾﺎ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟطﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟم ﯾﻔت ﻛوھﯾن أن ﯾﻣر ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗل أﺑﯾب ﻗﺑل وﺻوﻟﮫ إﻟﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺷﻖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛن ذﻟك ﺗطﻠب ﻣﻧﮫ اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑدورة واﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻋواﺻم أوروﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺑل أن ﯾﻧزل ﻓﻲ ﻣطﺎر دﻣﺷﻖ‪.‬‬

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‫اﻟﺗﺟﺳس‬ ‫أﻋﻠن ﻛوھﯾن أﻧﮫ ﻗرر ﺗﺻﻔﯾﺔ ﻛل أﻋﻣﺎﻟﮫ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷرﺟﻧﺗﯾن ﻟﯾظل ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺷﻖ ﻣدﻋﯾﺎ ً ﺣب اﻟوطن‪ .‬وﺑﻌد أﻗل ﻣن ﺷﮭرﯾن ﻣن اﺳﺗﻘراره ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﻣﺷﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻘت أﺟﮭزة اﻻﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣوﺳﺎد أوﻟﻰ رﺳﺎﺋﻠﮫ اﻟﺗﺟﺳﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟم ﺗﻧﻘطﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣدى ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘرب ﻣن ﺛﻼث ﺳﻧوات‪ ،‬ﺑﻣﻌدل رﺳﺎﻟﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﻗل ﻛل أﺳﺑوع‪.‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﮭور اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﻣﻛن ﻛوھﯾن أو ﻛﺎﻣل ﻣن إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺿﺑﺎط اﻟﺟﯾش واﻟﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾن اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗﺎد أن ﯾزور أﺻدﻗﺎءه ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎر ﻋﻣﻠﮭم‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧوا ﯾﺗﺣدﺛون ﻣﻌﮫ ﺑﺣرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن ﺗﻛﺗﯾﻛﺎﺗﮭم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺷوب اﻟﺣرب ﻣﻊ إﺳراﺋﯾل وﯾﺟﯾﺑون ﻋﻠﻰ أي‬ ‫ﺳؤال ﻓﻧﻲ ﯾﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑطﺎﺋرات اﻟﻣﯾﺞ أو اﻟﺳوﺧوي‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻐواﺻﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫وﺻﻠت ﺣدﯾﺛﺎ ﻣن اﻻﺗﺣﺎد اﻟﺳوﻓﯾﺗﻲ أو اﻟﻔرق ﺑﯾن اﻟدﺑﺎﺑﺔ ت‪٥٤-‬‬ ‫وت‪ ٥٥-‬وﻏﯾرھﺎ ﻣن أﻣور ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺣل اھﺗﻣﺎﻣﮫ ﻛﺟﺎﺳوس‪ .‬وﻛﺎﻧت ھذه‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺗﺻل أوﻻ ﺑﺄول إﻟﻲ إﺳراﺋﯾل وﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻗواﺋم ﺑﺄﺳﻣﺎء وﺗﺣرﻛﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺿﺑﺎط اﻟﺳورﯾﯾن ﺑﯾن ﻣﺧﺗﻠف اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ واﻟوﺣدات‪ .‬وﻓﻲ أﯾﻠول‪/‬ﺳﺑﺗﻣﺑر‬ ‫‪ ،۱۹٦۲‬ﺻﺣﺑﮫ أﺣد أﺻدﻗﺎﺋﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺟوﻟﺔ داﺧل اﻟﺗﺣﺻﯾﻧﺎت اﻟدﻓﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺎت اﻟﺟوﻻن‪ .‬وﻗد ﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن ﺗﺻوﯾر ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺗﺣﺻﯾﻧﺎت ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫آﻟﺔ ﺗﺻوﯾر دﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﯾده أﻧﺗﺟﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ أن ﺻور ھذه اﻟﻣواﻗﻊ ﺳﺑﻖ أن ﺗزودت ﺑﮭﺎ إﺳراﺋﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن طرﯾﻖ وﺳﺎﺋل اﻻﺳﺗطﻼع اﻟﺟوي اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﯾﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ أن ﻣطﺎﺑﻘﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﺋل ﻛوھﯾن ﻛﺎﻧت ﻟﮭﺎ أھﻣﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺳواء ﻣن ﺣﯾث ﺗﺄﻛﯾد ﺻﺣﺗﮭﺎ‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﻟﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﻣدى ﻗدرات اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﻲ‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪،۱۹٦٤‬‬ ‫زود ﻛوھﯾن ﻗﺎدﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗل أﺑﯾب ﺑﺗﻔﺻﯾﻼت واﻓﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺧطط اﻟدﻓﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﻧﯾطرة‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﺗﻘرﯾر آﺧر‪ ،‬أﺑﻠﻐﮭم ﺑوﺻول ﺻﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫دﺑﺎﺑﺎت روﺳﯾﺔ ﻣن طراز ت‪ ٥٤-‬وأﻣﺎﻛن ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل اﻟﺧطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ أﻋدت ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﺧﺑراء اﻟروس ﻻﺟﺗﯾﺎح اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن إﺳراﺋﯾل ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺷوب اﻟﺣرب‪ .‬وازداد ﻧﺟﺎح ﻛوھﯾن ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫إﻏداﻗﮫ اﻟﮭداﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳؤوﻟﻲ ﺣزب اﻟﺑﻌث‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺑض ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،۱۹٦٥‬وﺑﻌد ‪ ٤‬ﺳﻧوات ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣل ﻓﻲ دﻣﺷﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗم اﻟﻛﺷف ﻋن‬ ‫ﻛوھﯾن ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﻣر أﻣﺎم ﺑﯾﺗﮫ ﺳﯾﺎرة رﺻد اﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻣن اﻟﺳوري‪ .‬وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺿﺑطت أن رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣورس وﺟﮭت ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ اﻟذي ﯾﺳﻛن ﻓﯾﮫ ﺣوﺻر اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔور‪ ،‬وﻗﺎم رﺟﺎل اﻷﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺳﻛﺎن وﻟم ﯾﺟدوا أﺣدا ً ﻣﺷﺑوھﺎ ً ﻓﯾﮫ‪ ،‬وﻟم ﯾﺟدوا ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺷﻛّوا ﻓﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ‪ .‬إﻻ أﻧﮭم ﻋﺎدوا واﻋﺗﻘﻠوه ﺑﻌد ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﻟﺑث اﻟﺻﺎدر‬ ‫ﻣن اﻟﺷﻘﺔ ]‪.[۲‬‬ ‫اﻛﺗﺷﻔﮫ ﻣﺣﻣد وداد ﺑﺷﯾر وھو ﻣﺳؤول اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﯾش‪ ،‬وﯾﻌﻠم أن‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻔﺎرات ﺗﺑث وﻓﻖ ﺗرددات ﻣﺣددة‪ ،‬واﻛﺗﺷف وﺟود ﺑث ﻏﯾر ﻣﻣﺎﺛل‬ ‫ﻟﮭذه اﻟﺗرددات‪ ،‬ﻓداھم ﺳﻔﺎرة أو ﺳﻔﺎرﺗﯾن ﺑﻌد اﻹذن ﺑذﻟك‪ ،‬ﺛم رﺻدوا‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻣﺟددًا وﺣددوا اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﺑدﻗﺔ وداھﻣوا اﻟﺑﯾت‪ ،‬وﻗﺑﺿوا ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ ،‬وﺣﺎول أن ﯾﺗﻧﺎول اﻟﺳم‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮭم أﻣﺳﻛوه ﻗﺑل‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس ﻣﺗﻠﺑ ً‬ ‫ذﻟك‪[۳].‬‬

‫وﻓﻲ رواﯾﺔ وھﻲ اﻷﻗرب أﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺳﻛن ﻗرب ﻣﻘر اﻟﺳﻔﺎرة اﻟﮭﻧدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑدﻣﺷﻖ وأن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن ﺑﺎﻹﺗﺻﺎﻻت اﻟﮭﻧدﯾﺔ رﺻدوا إﺷﺎرات ﻻﺳﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺷوش ﻋﻠﻰ إﺷﺎرات اﻟﺳﻔﺎرة وﺗم إﺑﻼغ اﻟﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺻﺔ ﺑﺳورﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛدت ﻣن وﺟود رﺳﺎﺋل ﺗﺻدر ﻣن ﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻗرب اﻟﺳﻔﺎرة وﺗم رﺻد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر وﺑﺎﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد وﻗت اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻷﺳﺑوﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣداھﻣﺔ وﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺑض ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻣﺗﻠﺑﺳﺂ وﻗﺑض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛوھﯾن وأﻋدم ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻣرﺟﺔ وﺳط‬ ‫دﻣﺷﻖ ﻓﻲ ‪ ۱۸‬أﯾﺎر‪/‬ﻣﺎﯾو ‪.۱۹٦٥‬‬ ‫اﻟرواﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗؤﻛد ﺗﻘﺎرﯾر اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ ان اﻛﺗﺷﺎف اﻟﺟﺎﺳوس اﻹﺳراﺋﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﯾﻠﻰ ﻛوھﯾن ﻓﻲ ﺳورﯾﺎ ﻋﺎم ‪ ۱۹٦٥‬ﻛﺎن ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ و ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت ﻋن طرﯾﻖ اﻟﺻدﻓﺔ اﻟﺑﺣﺗﺔ ﺣﯾث‬ ‫أﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ أﺛﻧﺎء زﯾﺎرﺗﮫ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎدة ﻋﺳﻛرﯾﯾن ﻓﻲ ھﺿﺑﺔ اﻟﺟوﻻن ﺗم اﻟﺗﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺻور ﻟﮫ و ﻟﻠﻘﺎدة اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن ﻣﻌﮫ ‪..‬وذﻟك ھو اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﺗﺑﻊ ﻋﺎدة ﻟﺗﻠك‬ ‫اﻟزﯾﺎرات ‪..‬وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻋرﺿت ﺗﻠك اﻟﺻور ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺑﺎط اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ )ﺣﯾث ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﺗﻌﺎون ﺑﯾن اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات اﻟﻣﺻرﯾﺔ و اﻟﺳورﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻔﺗرة( ﺗﻌرﻓوا ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔور ﺣﯾث أﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌروﻓﺎ ﻟدﯾﮭم ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﺗﮭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻏﺗﯾﺎل و ﺗﺧرﯾب ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺿوا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺻﮭﯾوﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر‪.‬‬ ‫و ﯾﺣﻛﻰ ﻓﻲ رواﯾﺔ أﺧرى أﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﻌﻣﯾل اﻟﻣﺻري ﻓﻲ إﺳراﺋﯾل‬ ‫رﻓﻌت اﻟﺟﻣﺎل أو رأﻓت اﻟﮭﺟﺎن‪:‬‬

â&#x20AC;Ť×? ×? ×?â&#x20AC;Ź

A major catastrophe and new misfortunes are waiting for Syrians in airports ...

Please post this news to warn everyone New misfortunes waiting for Syrians in airports .. Bashar al-Assad's embassies are issuing "regular" passports in exchange for large sums of money and then circulate that they are "ďŹ&#x2020;olen"!

Indulging in doing harm to Syrians and causing trouble, hardships and new misfortunes, added to an endless liďŹ&#x2020;, Bashar al-Assad authorities circulated a the numbers of regular passports granted to Syrians formally, as "ďŹ&#x2020;olen."

The Syrian journaliďŹ&#x2020; Zena Erhim was the victim of one of these generalizations, she talked about what she suďŹ&#x20AC;ered, on Thursday, at Heathrow Airport in the UK, in a poďŹ&#x2020; on her page on Facebook.

Erhim said that "The regime circulated a new passport numbers .. I got a new passport for $ 1,500 from the Syrian consulate in IďŹ&#x2020;anbul, and I traveled through it to Britain, Spain, Norway, Germany, and got a Turkish residence through it, and it contains diďŹ&#x20AC;erent seals, it has no problems."

She added: "YeďŹ&#x2020;erday at Heathrow Airport, the English security conďŹ scate it, and they told me that after April they received a notiďŹ cation from the (Syrian government) that this passport was ďŹ&#x2020;olen and should be returned to them (the government)."

She added: "I undergone diďŹ&#x192;cult and bad conditions and ďŹ&#x2020;ayed awake until the morning at the airport. If my old passport was not valid and contained old visas, I will be in prison."

Erhim (31 years), winner of the Peter Maclr Prize of courageous and moral Journalism in 2015, pointed that " the frightening thing is that the British authorities can put me in prison, deport me and conďŹ scate my second passport, the fact that they are working with Assad regime at this high level of coordination, noting that its embassy was closed 2 years ago. " In her response to the comments of her followers and friends, Erhim pointed that "the high coďŹ&#x2020; of a passport belonging to the lack of appointments in the embassy before two years ", forcing the Syrians to pay exorbitant sums of money to get a new passport or renew their passport, in Turkey, in particular.

The Syrian journaliďŹ&#x2020; was surprised and shocked when the British authorities told her "resolve the issue with your government."

Britain is one of the countries "friendly" to the Syrian people, and supports their revolution and their demands, and they know that the regime is ďŹ ghting his opponents with every way possible, and considers them "terroriďŹ&#x2020;s."

Since the outbreak of the revolution, Bashar al-Assad worked to deprive his opponents from getting or renewing passports, forcing hundreds of thousands of Syrians to the use of forged passports, or pay exorbitant amounts of money to the mercenary and brokers of the regime in return for a passport, in light of the United Nations or "Friends of Syria" failure to ďŹ nd an alternative solution.

VERSION 26

He was discovered by Muhammad Wedad Bashir, a signal officer in the Army, and he knows that embassies broadcasted according to specific frequencies, and he discovered the existence of a broadcast different from these frequencies, he broke into embassy or two embassies after permission to do so, then they caught the signal again and determined the place thoroughly and entered the house and arrested the spy, he tried to eat poison, but they caught him before that.

In another story, which is the closest, that he lived near the Indian embassy in Damascus and that the workers of Indian telecommunications spotted wireless signals cluttered on the embassy signals, they informed the authorities in Syria, which confirmed the existence of messages issued from a building near the embassy, the source was monitored and they determined the time of weekly transmission, then he was arrested in the act and executed in Marjah Square in central Damascus on 18 May / 1965.

The Egyptian story: Egyptian intelligence reports confirm that the discovery of the Israeli spy Cohen in Syria in 1965 was by cooperating with the Egyptian intelligence services and at the same time by coincidence, during his visit with military leaders to Golan Heights, he was filmed with military commanders..this is the system typically used for those visits .. when those pictures were shown to the Egyptian intelligence officers (where there was cooperation between the Egyptian and the Syrian intelligence in that period) they recognized him because he was accused of assassinations and sabotage when he was a member of the Zionism gang in Egypt.

And other stories tell that he was found by the Egyptian spy in Israel Refaat Al-Gammal or Raafat Alhajjan.

Eli Cohen on the gallows in Marjah Square in Damascus

VERSION 26

In Argentina, he was welcomed by an Israeli agent carries the name of Abraham, where he advised him to learn the Spanish language in order not to be exposed, and indeed Cohen learnt the Spanish language, Abraham gave him money and informed him of everything he needs to know in order to succeed in his mission. With the help of some customers, Cohen has been appointed in transportation company.

Cohen remained for nearly a year building his presence in the Argentine capital as a successful Syrian businessman.

He made unquestionable identity for himself, and gained a privileged position among the Arab community in Argentina, as a national man very enthusiastic for his country and became a prominent figure, some rumors said that he knows the Colonel Amin al-Hafez, but the timing of the receipt of the post of military attaché in Buenos Aires by al-Hafez had coincided with Cohen travel to Syria, which denies any prior relationship between the two men.

During the luxurious banquets organized by Cohen-or Kamel Amin Thabit at every opportunity where the Syrian diplomats were at the head of the guests, he did not hide the longing to his native country, Syria, and his desire to visit Damascus. Therefore, it was not surprising to leave to Damascus after he received the signal from Israeli intelligence and really arrived in January 1962, bringing with him accurate instruments for spying, and equipped with a number of formal and informal recommendations to the largest number of important figures in Syria, while paying tribute in particular to the high national spirit characterized by, making him deserve to be welcomed by officials in Syria. And, of course, Cohen did not forget to pass on Tel Aviv before arriving in Damascus, but that forced him to make a wide journey between the capitals of Europe before down at Damascus airport.

Spying: Cohen announced that he decided to finish all his works in Argentina to remain in Damascus claiming patriotism. After less than two months of stability in Damascus, Mossad receivers received his first spy letters that had not been stopped for nearly three years, at a rate of at least two letters each week.

In the first months, Cohen(Kamel) established a broad network of important relationships with the army officers and military officials.

He was used to visit his friends in their work places, and they were talking with him freely about their tactics in the event of war with Israel and they were answering any technical question regarding Mig or Sukhoi warplanes, or submarines, newly arrived from the Soviet Union or the difference between the tank T 54 -55 and other matters were the subject of his interest as a spy.

This information was frequently sent to Israel, along with lists of names and movements of Syrian officers between the various sites and units. In September / 1962, he was accompanied by one of his friends on a tour inside the defensive fortifications in the Golan Heights.

He was able to portray all the fortifications through a punctual camera installed in his wristwatch produced by Israeli and US intelligence. Although the images of these sites has already been supplied to Israel by means of the American aerial reconnaissance, but matching them with Cohen messages were of a particular importance in terms of both confirm the validity, or in terms of confidence in the Israeli spy capabilities. In 1964, Cohen provided the leaders in Tel Aviv with elaborate details about the Syrian defense plans in Quneitra area. in another report, he informed them of the arrival of Russian tanks deal of the model ( T 54) and distribution places as well as the details of the Syrian plan, which was prepared in learning of Russian experts to occupy the northern part of Israel in the event of war.

The success of Cohen increased, especially with the huge gifts to Baath Party officials Arresting him In 1965, after four years of work in Damascus, Cohen was exposed when a car of external communications monitoring belonging to the Syrian security was passing in front of his house. When they catch a Morse message sent from the building in which he lives, the building were trapped immediately, and the security officers investigate the population, they did not find anyone suspicious in it. However, they returned and arrested him after the broadcast from the apartment.

Version 26

The nark Eli Cohen

An Israeli TV station broadcasts a rare clip of the execution of Israeli spy Eli Cohen, or as he was called Kamel Amin Thabet, the strange thing is that this version can only be reached by one of the pillars of the Syrian regime within the inner circle.

Will we see in the few coming days the remains of this spy given to Israel by the regime under Russian mediation?

Nothing is strange in these days, and for those who do not know the story of this spy, we will talk about it as common among many people: Spy Eli Cohen: In 1944, Cohen joined the Zionist Jewish youth organization in Alexandria and was supporting Zionist policy toward the Arab country. After the war in1948, he was calling with other members of the Organization for the migration of Egyptian Jews to Palestine. Indeed, in 1949, his parents and three of his brothers immigrated to Israel while he stayed in Alexandria. Before immigrating to Israel, he worked under the leadership of (Abraham Dar), a senior Israeli spy who came to Egypt to start his work in spying and helping Jews to emigrate and recruit customers. He named himself John Darling and formed a network of Israeli intelligence in Egypt that carried out a series of bombings in some American facilities in Cairo and Alexandria in order to spoil the relationship between Egypt and the United States of America. In 1954, the members of the network are arrested in a huge scandal know then Lavon scandal.

Recruited into Israel After his release, he emigrated to Israel in 1957 where he finally was an accountant in some companies and he cut his link with Mossad for a while, but resumed when he was expelled from his work and he worked for a period of time as a translator in the Israeli Ministry of Defense, then he resigned and married a Jewish lady of Iraqi origin in 1959.

Israeli intelligence considered Cohen as a project of good Spy so he was prepared at the beginning in order to work in Egypt, but the plan was soon amended, Mossad saw that the most appropriate field of spying activity is in Damascus. and the exact preparation started in order to perform his new role, and there was no difficulty in his training to speak the Syrian dialect, because he was fluent in Arabic by virtue of growing up in Alexandria and he was a student at the University of King Farouk and he left study there later.

Israeli intelligence invented a fabricated story in which he seems a Syrian Muslim called Kame Amin Thabet, he immigrated with his family to Alexandria and his uncle traveled to Argentina in 1946, where Kamel and his family followed him in 1947. In 1952, his father died due to a heart attack in Argentina and his mother died six months later and Kamel stayed there working in clothes trade.

He has been trained on how to use the wireless transmitters and receivers, writing with invisible ink, and at the same time he was studying all the news of Syria and he was memorizing the names of politicians and prominent men in the world of After the end of the investigation, Eli Cohen had economy and trade. managed to convince investigators that he was innocent, then he came out of Egypt in 1955 He was learning the teachings of Koran and the where he joined the unit No. 131 of Mossad, then Islamic religion. On February 3, 1961, Cohen left returned to Egypt, but he was under the eyes of Israel to Zurich, then he reserved a ticket to the the Egyptian intelligence, which has not forgotten Chilean capital of Santiago with the name of his history. He was arrested at the start of the Kamel Amin Thabet, but he stayed in Buenos tripartite aggression against Egypt in October Aires, where there was a pre-designed facilities in 1956. order to enter Argentina without audit with the new character.

VERSION 26

SWEDEN is Here

Sweden boasts of the fact that it was not involved in a war for more than 200 years, , where the last war in which Sweden fought directly was in 1814, when Sweden forced Norway through military means to hold a personal union lasted until 1905. Since then, Sweden has been in peace and has adopted non-alignment policy in peace and neutrality in wartime.

VERSION 26

The role of the United States: In a closed Security Council meeting on August 10 / 1995, a month after the fall of the town in the hands of Serbian forces, Madeleine Albright, US Secretary of State at the time, displayed images taken by satellites that show the burial place of thousands of Muslim Bosnian civilians, especially males, who were killed by the Serbian army and buried in an agricultural field near the town of Nova Kasaba 19 km from Srebrenica.

In fact, only 33 bodies were found in the mentioned place, while more than 400 bodies were found in 20 sites on the outskirts of the town of Srebrenica, which sends a lot of questions about the American role in diverting attention away from the true place of the massacre.

George Pumphrey believes that the US government, represented by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, tried to distract the international community from the scene of the massacre, carried out by the United States during the massacre.

The consequences of the massacre: Radovan Karadzic the political leader of the Bosnian Serbs, and Gen. Ratkomladic who led the Serb militia in addition to many politicians and military and paramilitary leaders are considered responsible for organizing the killing of civilians and displacement operations. As most of them are still disappearing and wanted by Interpol and the United Nations forces in Bosnia. Also, the victims' families accused the Dutch forces working within the United Nations forces not to defend the people of the city and give those who fled to the barracks of these troops to the Bosnian Serb militia that killed them all later. In 2004, the International Criminal Court in Hague for the former Yugoslavia ICTY in the so-called issue of Karadzic announced that what happened in Srebrenica is a processs of ethnic cleansing for premeditation, and in accordance with international laws, as there are clear evidences that condemn the Serbian leaders who planned for the massacre.

In 2005, the Secretary-General of the United Nations at the time, Mr. Kofi Annan pointed out in a letter to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the genocide, that the blame falls primarily on those who planned and carried out the massacre and those who helped them, but it is also located on the major powers and the United Nations because the first failed to take adequate measures, and the second - the UN, committed grave mistakes before and during the massacre, and therefore the tragedy of Srebrenica will remain a black spot in the United Nations history forever.

The remains of a victim in Srebrenica massacre

Souvenir of the massacre "victims "rocks of pain

The image presented by Madeleine Albright in a closed session of the Security Council

The names of Srebrenica massacre victims on a memorial stone

VERSION 26

The silence of the international community about what is happening in Aleppo reminds us of Srebrenica massacre In order not to Forget Before 21 years from now 8373 innocent souls were killed under an international protection by the Dutch battalion, which was carrying a UN flag in Srebrenica The International intervention came too late We remind you the details of what happened in Srebrenica and we hope that the shameful history of the United Nations will not repeat itself in Aleppo Srebrenica massacre on July 12, 1995 The protection of the United Nations: In April 1993 the United Nations declared the town of Srebrenica, located in the valley of the Drina in northeastern Bosnia as a" safe area" under the protection of the United Nations, represented by the elements of the Dutch battalion in the UN forces whose soldiers were 400, and therefore Bosnian volunteers who were defending the city surrender their weapons.

However, the declaration of the city as a safe area under the protection of the United Nations did not prevent the massacre, and the Dutch battalion soldiers did not intervene to protect the town's population who were a Muslim majority.

Massacre details Under the direct orders of the Main Staff members in the Army of the Republic of Serbia -military and political commanders -- the Serbian forces carried out systematic ethnic cleansing against the Bosnians Muslims, known as the "Bosniaks", the massacre occurred at the sight of Dutch battalion subsidiary of the UN peacekeeping force, without doing anything to save civilians, knowing that they had asked the Bosnian Muslims to surrender their weapons in return for guaranteeing the security of the town, which did not happen at all. After entering of the Serbian forces to the Muslim town, they isolated males between 14 and 50 years away from women, the elderly and children, and then they killed every male between 14 and 50 years and buried them in mass graves, also a systematic rape occurred against Muslim women.

VERSION 26

Syphilis

Medical Corner

Syphilis can cause many of the symptoms. The symptoms are similar to symptoms of other diseases. And it is described in the stages of syphilis, except in the case of passing the infection from mother to child during birth. Each stage of syphilis different symptoms. Syphilis is usually progresses through stages. It may take weeks, months or even years to evolve from one stage to another. And sometimes overlapping phases. Stages of syphilis include: *Initial phase. *High school. *Latent stage. *Late stage.

This section explains the common symptoms at each stage. Premiere primary syphilis is a small sore stiff rounded. It called ulcers ulcers name. And it appears in the start in place of bacteria into the body. Ulcers usually appears first on the penis or vulva or vagina. It may also arise on the cervix or the tongue, lips or other parts of the body. There is usually only one ulcers. But there may be sometimes several sores.

Often swell the nearby lymph nodes. Ulcers often appears after about 3 weeks of the patient's infection with the bacteria, but it may occur at any time from 9 to 90 days after infection. Have ulcers usually painless, may appear within the body, it may not be noticed by the patient. Sores disappear in about 3-6 weeks, whether or not the patient Oaaljh.

This means that the patient has been infected with syphilis without initial symptoms, or without noticing mild symptoms. If untreated primary syphilis, the infection will move to secondary school.

Most of the patients have secondary syphilis rash is not Haka. The rash is usually on the palms of the hands and on the plantar feet. The rash may cover the entire body, in some cases, or may appear in only a few areas.

The rash appears after ulcers extent of 2-10 weeks. It usually happens when you heal ulcers or when it has just utter. Other common symptoms: *Sore throat. *Fatigue. *Headache. *Swollen lymph nodes.

Other symptoms include that be a less common

occurrence as follows: Fever. *Aches. *Weight loss. *Hair loss. *Articulated aches.

Sores in the mouth or genital area.

The symptoms may be mild. And secondary syphilis sores contain a lot of germs. Therefore, anyone who comes into contact with them could be infected with syphilis. Would seem to be of secondary syphilis may still even without treatment, but it may come back again. And it will pass the infection without treatment to the next stages. Phase latent syphilis begins at the end of the symptoms of secondary syphilis. The patient in the early syphilis may be noted that the latent signs and symptoms have disappeared. These are called phase sometimes hidden stage name, because the infection stays in the body. The patient will continue to be able to infect a sexual partner infected. Infection be silent in the latter part of the latent syphilis.

The seriousness of the sexual partner is infected is low or non-existent injury; however, if a patient with latent syphilis is not treated, it moves to the late stage of syphilis. This is the most dangerous stages of the disease. Even without treatment, complication known as tertiary syphilis, syphilis or late stage will not occur, however, when a small number of infected people. Zuhri in late stage, will damage the heart or germs almost the eyes or brain or bone or any other part of the body.

Damage may occur after the initial phase of years or even decades. Late syphilis may cause the following: Psychiatric disorder.

My uncle.

Deafness.

Lost memory or other neurological problems.

Heart disease. the death.

Late neurosyphilis (which damage affects the brain or spinal cord) and one of the most severe signs of this stage.

VERSION 26

* The second item on useful lighting, it is not a process of polishing to persons or institutions, but to shed light on the successful positive experiences and pay to support the trends, our need for models to confront our desire to siege negatives is a double need, it is to prove that cruel conditions does not make us unable to find solutions, and referring to that is important on media platform, the second need is that it supplies the alternative system against those who are constantly trying to put a simplistic arguments for the downhill of performance.

* Do we have to run a sieve with large openings to get rid of sub-standard attempts? I do not think that it is taken by a desire or decision, but it is subject to an objective circumstance to a great extent, and also to experiment and something of adventure, but the creation of high value media organizations and supported by national mentality aware of positioning and role will not be possible without achieving and autonomous profitable institutions and financially independent from supporters. This is what seems impossible today, but at a minimum. The higher technical institutions and with mature cadres can negotiate in more * Can new Media systems be studied with- favorable terms to along these criteria. out accurate disciplines? Is it possible to imagine a community project to change * Finally, this vibration in our triplet should whose target is the wider slide of popula- not be put only on a media system which is tion, and working tools are civilian work still searching for its route in a dusty atmossystems without its major elevator which phere, but there are responsibilities on the are media organizations full of vitality and two elements, the first (community infrainteraction and future visions? I think that it structure under the continuous emergency can not be the truer answer for the last two environment,) and the second (civil questions. systems under the environment itself) and inevitably Media trying to play the role of * In reality: what is accomplished during sacrificing and follow-up, even though it is the five and a half years needs deep strongly targeted. systematical analysis, more than 450 * All reverence for the media tried their best media means through the past years, and and left while they are trying. thousands of workers in this sector, but the table of stability between the three legs is ambiguous and sometimes hostile, unfortunately, by dropping the means of effective analysis and lighting if the first often wears the matter of passive surveillance, and lighting wears the character clap with

VERSION 26

Dialecticals

9

Alaa Addin Zayat

Arguments: partnerships and bridges If you want to get a fixed table on the floor whatever the roughness of the place you should choose a three-legged table, because there is a real level always goes through three points, and that is not achieved in a four-legged table.

Invested engineering in paving the talk about a partnership of a special kind, a triple (community, civic organizations, media) and this partnership is one of a group of magic keys we will explain later. * Media plays the role of interaction stimulating in chemistry as a stimulating mediator of a high value, because it supplies the movement of information in both directions between organized groups play a leading role toward a broad community of a wide spectrum, and media institutions are classified as one of the civilian work organizations, but within a special classification where the interactive mediator makes it a link between the base of the pyramid community and those expressing a slightly higher structure.

The third leg provides a lot of stability to our table, and secured stability and development if it played the role of the bridge perfectly. * In order to ensure a real job performance of the media for the role, this partnership will be built on effective criticism and useful lighting: * the first item includes the presentation of the aspects of cognitive and practical limitations of the other feet of the table, and provide critique talk built on the alternatives first, and to expand the accounting and disclosure circle, perhaps the word of transparency became so consumed after years of practicing unprofessional Media based on scandalous philosophy of social networking, but a real productive role of Media must be focused on, and that can not be done without professionalism of workers and the application for the production of transparency inside at first to promote it out secondly.

Version 26

an invitation to madness President of Organization it is not a lie that you can not sleep even if you are far from shelling and fire scenes that turn the home's roof into stones falling on the children who cling, until the last moment, to their toys they made from the ruins of houses. What happens in the suburbs that inhabit the heart invade you even when you are on another continent. You are Syrian, so you have to wait for freedom breezes that you were singing, and that the unfair power deprived you from inhaling its breezes. Instead of scattering perfume, rice and provide dignity, the government in Damascus insists on showering the cities and towns with firebombs.

I am writing…. You are reading….they are killing…he is condemning with a low voice. I am writing my remorse because I can not fight, you are reading and hurting because the act is in the hands of the one who mocks my remorse and makes fun of your pain, he makes a wink to our enemies: What do you want more? I have turned citizens into nationals I put them in prisons .. .. I deprived the sinners from their jobs and limit their food..

I practiced all kinds of repression and deprivation .. I washed all the brains…. I falsified history.. I changed school books… I flooded the nation with everything that is directed to them by you. . I leaked mob and chaos and confusion to their minds, with pasteurized milk.

Do not be angry with me: Tomorrow we meet .. decide. condemn .. so we eliminate anger content, and things return to normal, as you desire. We have common interests: the land is not yours .. the home does not belong to me .. we do not have common legitimacy, but - not bad – greatness is not problem if it prevents despair .. if they are despaired, they became (Samson), and we can not fight them. Do not rush, keep steady.. postbond murder a little… when you condemn, they obey .. we kill them one by one individually. learn the lesson from me .. Treat your enemies as friends .. when they feel safe, the strike becomes more painful and claimed to surrender.

Is not there a hundred million who decided to rebel against those who feed them crumbs in the states, and make them hungry in other countries, in order to ensure their lasting loyalty?

Is not there million writers who are able to make a decision fits peoples in order to restore the glory of glorious civilizations away from the American master and its local tails?

What is happening in Aleppo .. what is happening in Palestine .. what is happening in the Arab world (the deceased before his birth) .. what is happening in the world which goes to ruin .. What is happening now in any place, can no longer tolerate the policy that relies on the mind and rationality, which no longer can tolerate waiting to make a budget and calculate the steps. What is happening now is out on any logic, and can be met only by the logic of illogic itself, or we stay in our place with our grief on the remains of the glory our ancestors carry on their shoulders, and then neglected by their children with a coldness looked like the coldness of an Assad's soldier who kills a child in his mother's lap.

America still considers itself the sole defender of nations rights and the regulation of relations between the countries on the basis of international legitimacy, which is its legitimacy alone.

Where is America in the international legitimate resolutions calling for condemnation of the regime in Damascus?

Where is America in the violations that take place against the Syrians inside and outside their borders?

Do you believe that America has changed?

Do we believe that international bodies can ignore the American instructions that comply with the wishes of the Zionists?

Is it better for us to sit down at the negotiating table to convince the criminals simply to stop killing? Are meetings, conferences, talks to issue decisions that condemns and deplores good for us?

Is not it the time to use veto power on the mind to stop surrender for a moment?

Is not it the time to condemn technology a little, and abandon surrender speaking, to exercise our right to defend ourselves and to declare war against our enemies to prove to them that we are human beings, and that we have the right to live freely, safely and with dignity in our homes?

If reason and rationality no longer useful, do not we have the right to exercise madness?

human rights, civil and monthly magazine issued by human rights organization Al Kawakibi as print papers and electronically

The Editorial Team

Dr. Talal Al Abdullah Mr. Thaer Belal Eng. Yasmin Al Sham in this version * Editional: Back to the Madness * Arguments: partnerships and bridges * Syphilis ( Medical Corner ) * The silence of the international community about what is happening in Aleppo * Sweden is Here * the nark Eli Cohen

old version

October / 2016

Version / 26 /

In this Version

Arguments: partnerships and bridges

The silence of the international community about

Aleppo

A major catastrophe and new misfortunes are waiting for Syrians

The nark Eli Cohen