Xiaguan Studio Analysis

XIAGUAN

PHASE 1- ANALYSIS Urban Design Studio University of Colorado, Denver

China Studio June 25, 2013

Xiaguan Master Plan

i

University of Colorado Denver

Xiaguan Master

XIAGUAN PHASE 1 analysis & precedent studies

Nanjing, China

ii

Nanjing, China Xiaguan District

University of Colorado, Denver Urban Design Studio, 2013

Adnan, Amina Alhammadi, Fahad Arenz-Kulkarni, Constanze Billick, Keith Block, Jordan Danieu, Jonathan Duncan, Kenyon Huang, Yilei Karpowich, Sydney Managad, Tiffany Newsome, Jason Stevenson, Allison Yang, Linjie Professor: Rick Epstein

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Phase 1 Contents Section I_ pg. 02

Site Analysis_ Master Plan

pg. 10

district 1

pg. 18

district 2

pg. 34

district 3

pg. 46

district 4

pg. 56

district 5

Section II_ pg. 68 pg. 70 pg. 72 pg. 74 pg. 76 pg. 78 pg. 80 pg. 82 pg. 84 pg. 86 pg. 88 pg. 90 pg. 92 pg. 94 pg. 96

Precedent Studies_ Copenhagen, Denmark Battery Park, New York, USA Chicago River, Chicago, IL, USA Cheinauhafen, Kolin, Germany Square Mile, London, UK Lake Shore Park, Chicago, IL, USA Financial District, San Francisco, CA, USA Qijian Park, Zhongshan, China Duisburg-Nord, Duisburg, Germany Lake Erie Waterfront, Buffalo, NY, USA Santa Fe Railyard, NM, USA Bergamo Old City, Lombardy, Italy Downtown Pittsburgh, PA, USA Bo01Malmo, Sweden Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

SECTION I 8

University of Colorado Denver

SITE

ANALYSIS

Xiaguan Analysis

MASTER PLAN INTRODUCTION

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

XIAGUAN SITE MASTER PLAN CONNECTING TO REGIONAL The project site, in the Xiaguan district, sits within an important and prominent location within Nanjing, a city with deep cultural and historical meaning for China. A masterplan for this site needs to not only respond to the unique properties of the site, but posses a sensitivity and understanding of Nanjing’s regional and national context.

The Xiaguan site has the potential of not only becoming an important destination and center for the city of Nanjing, but also the Jinagsu Province, the Yangtze River metroplex and the entire People’s Republic of China.

N

0

50km A

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Xiaguan Analysis

REGION Nanjing sits towards on the western edge of the Yangtze River Delta, one of the most heavily urbanized regions in the world.

Though twice the capital of China, the city has been overshadowed in recent decades by Shanghai, approximately 250 kilometers to the southeast. The city of Nanjing proper stretches nearly 150 kilometers north to south with the Yangtze River bisecting the city in the middle, acting as the locus of the most built-out area of the city. The areas farther from the river occupy a spectrum between suburban and more rural areas.

B

The infrastructure of the region points to an important connection for the regions largest cities: Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou. This trio of cities act as nodes for the regions highway and rail system.

Within this triangle lies a majority of the Delta’s urban centers. The rail and road network provide links for those traveling within the region as well as nationally. The High Speed Rail lines connect Nanjing to Shanghai in less than an hour and to Beijing, the national capital, in just over 4 hours.

C 0

50km

Nanjing is an important city within one of the most connected and accessible areas in Asia. Additionally, the city and region have seen and continue to see rapid urban growth. This connectivity and intense growth places the city and the Xiaguan site at a nexus of a growing metropolitan complex that continues to increase in importance as a world economic hotspot.

D A. The greater Nanjing city and its parts within the Yangtze River watershed.

E B. The conurbation of the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai as its heart.

C. The high speed rail network connecting Hangzhou,Shanghai, and Nanjing and points in between.

(Hangzhou-Nanjing route un-opened at writing)

D. Expressway network showing the importance of the three city connection between Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai.

E. Four airports within the Yangtze River Delta that provide service to China and Internationally. Radii show 5 minute flying radius.

Nanjing, China

3

Xiaguan Analysis

CITY The structure of the city of Nanjing represents both modern and ancient forces. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the primary ordering force in the structure of the city was the prominent Inner and Outer walls. The area within the Inner Wall remains the core of the city to this day, thanks in part to the preservation of a large portion of the wall structure. The outer wall, long since dismantled, roughly delineates the boundary of the extend urban area. Relationships to the city wall and gates should be considered for future development.

PROJECT SITE XIAGUAN DISTRICT

The city is well connected through a series of rail stations scattered across the urban area. The newly-built Nanjing South Station serves as the primary high speed rail hub, though some high speed trains do stop in the Nanjing Train Station just to the east of the site.

The former West Station in the site is no longer in service. Though no metro line currently serves the site, 15 new lines are planned for 2030, with the number 5 line entering the site from the south and connecting the area to the rest of the city. Transit and other mobility connections to the South and Nanjing Stations, as well as the airport in the south, should be prioritized to ensure the value of development on the site. The transit and mobility options on site should fully integrate with the systems of the other important areas of the city.

The road network in the city consists of a series of large arterials that make up the primary axes of the city. These arterials can largely be traced to the location of the city gates. Zhongshan Road, running diagonally through the city is a very important road (as the funeral progression for Sun Yat-sen to his mausoleum) and it creates the southern border of our site. The significance of this street should be considered for all future plans. Jiandong Road, running up the western side of the city, adjacent to the Yangtze River, has become an important axis connecting the Hexi New Town to the south with the Xiaguan site and the rest of the city between. This connection should be preserved as an organizing structure for future growth.

INNER WALL

OUTER WALL

A

0

A. The project site within the Xiaguan district of Nanjing.

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B N

5km

B. The Inner and Outer walls still give form to the systems and growth of the city.

Xiaguan Analysis

XIANLIN STATION NANJING WEST STATION

NANJING STATION

ZHONGHUAMEN STATION

NANJING SOUTH STATION

C

C. Nanjing is serviced by several train stations, with the South Train Station acting as the new hub for High Speed Rail. The West Station is no longer in service.

HSR

D

Proposed

E

Expressway

Regular Rail

Metro 1

Highway

Closed

Metro 2

Arterial

D. Though the city is linked by two subway lines at present, 15 more are planned for 2030.

E. The road network shows organic patterns within the city responding to the wall and gates. Expressways ring the city outside the walled area.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

1.1

SITE The Xiaguan site is a rich mixture of historic structures and uses, active and defunct infrastructure, and hidden natural elements and amenities. The site is approximately 2 kilometers north to south and 1 kilometer wide with an area of approximately 150 hectares (1.5 square kilometers).

2.0

km

Though few and concealed, the site has several interesting natural features. Several large ponds and canals are scattered through the site. These water features have potential as recreational amenities, but currently are inaccessible and heavily polluted. The Yangtze River is a spectacular natural amenity but is separated from the city by a large flood wall and industrial uses. The city moat near the Lion Mountain is a hard, un-crossable edge. The green elements to the site are primarily made up of beautiful tree lined roads that could be preserved and enhanced. The Lion Mountain constitutes the sites most prominent open space feature just outside the site, though access is limited from the site.

km

Important landmarks include a highly-visible smoke stack in the southern portion of the site. This element creates a view corridor linking to the Lion Mountain Tower, the most visible landmark on the site. Views to the tower can provide important organizing forces to the site’s design. The river and the Bridge are other important landmarks that deserve greater attention and preserved views.

Rail lines bisect the site in many places creating both problems for an integrated design solution as well as potential catalysts for the design process. The large turn-around in the north part of the site, in particular, presents and interesting site element.

The road network consists of two large arterials in the southern portion of the site and larger route forming the eastern and southern edge of the site. Internally, the road network is ill-defined and disconnected. Connectivity through the site will be important for future development.

N A

0 A. Scale of the Xiaguan site

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500m

Xiaguan Analysis

Open Space Green Corridors

B

0

500 m

C

D

Node

Express Arterial Trunk Collector

Landmark Edge District Gateway

E B. The Yangtze River defines the edge of the site. Water features on site vary in quality and accessibility.

F C. The primary formal open space near the site is the Lion Mountain looking over the site from the south. Several tree lined boulevards make up the green space on site.

D. Several important view corridors and landmarks exist on site including the power station smoke stack, the Lion Tower, and the Yangtze River Bridge.

G E. Rail lines, many inactive, weave through the site making interesting, though challenging site elements.

F. The road network through the site consists of a disjointed system of small alley ways, larger collector roads, and major arterials.

G. As a result of prominent site infrastructure (roads, rail, etc) the site is broken into fairly clear districts.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

SCALE COMPARISON The 1.5 Square Kilometer site is large and complex. Comparison to areas within several American cities provides insight into the range and scale of development possible within its borders. The site is large enough to house the downtown of many American cities (such as Baltimore) or a gradient of urban fabric (such as in Denver or Philadelphia). Comparison to New York city shows the density potential of the site given the scale of New York development.

Though reusing American ideas and form may not be appropriate for the site, though do illuminate its potential. The shear scale and diversity of uses that can fit within the site should be considered when approaching the design for the area.

A

0

A. Manhattan, New York: a dense and well connected network can fit comfortably within the site.

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B

N

500m

B. Philadelphia, Penn: A gradient of urban form can fit on site, from lower density residential to large CBD development.

Xiaguan Analysis

C

D

C. Baltimore, Maryland: The entirety of a major American downtown fits within the site.

D. Denver, Colorado: The Lodo historic district fills up a large part of the northern site with enough room for a university campus.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

DISTRICT 1 ANALYSIS Kenyon Duncan Fahad Alhammadi

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

SMOKESTACK AND INDUSTRY District 1 is located at the western part of the site and adjacent to the Yangtze river which makes it an important location for future waterfront developments. The existing condition of the site is very poor industrialized area with old, deteriorated residential buildings that are unlivable.

District 1 has many assets for future developments since the site has poor facilities and infrastructure. There are some historic buildings in the site, which gives it a character that distinguishes it from the surroundings districts. The smokestack is the main visible symbol that enriches the identity of the site which still functions along with the power plant adjacent to it.

The site has also some constraints such as the viaduct that passes at the east of it and considered an important traffic carrier in the city of Nanjing. Nevertheless, the infrastructure of the area lacks connectivity and safe pedestrian walkways especially with the existence of the viaduct that doesn’t provide a pleasant livable or walkable environment.

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Xiaguan Analysis

Strengths Location of site near waterfront.

Proximity to public transportation (ferry and subway stations).

Identity of site tied to smokestack and power plant.

Accessible from many areas of Nanjing.

Accessible from regional transportation (trains station and expressway).

Weaknesses

A

Lack of interior infrastructure (branch streets).

No storm water system in place.

Waterfront is underdeveloped for industry and livability.

Little pedestrian connection to waterfront.

Most structures are dilapidated.

B

Opportunities The waterfront presents a great opportunity to create main hub for business and circulation through the entire area.

Ferry station can become a major transit center for the area to connect area with other side of river.

The smokestack can be a symbol for the identity of the district and create a connection with Nanjing’s past.

Constraints The existing expressway and arterial roads have bounded the edges of the site.

Placement of the historic buildings (smokestack and school) on the site dictate placement of future development.

Change of site use from industrial to commercial will have drastic affect on residents.

Existing subway station anchors one side of site.

C A. Arterial streets are line with small retail and residential.

Most buildings are dilapidated and are in need of repair.

D B. District one is dominated by the Xiaguan Power Plant.

It is located in the venter of the district with a smokestack and four super structures.

C. There are few pre-defined streets in the district besides small pedestrian paths.

Area is also primarily industrial.

D. The west side of the district is bounded by the Yangtze River where many ships are docked.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

District 1 has a unique location for futuristic and modern buildings that matches the other districts in the site. Since there are only few historic buildings, it offers large area for other type of developments that makes a new small scale CBD with tall buildings, contemporary architecture and workplace for residents and visitors of Nanjing.

There are several important connections between the district and other districts in terms of infrastructure; the boulevard or main connection is a viable link between all districts that provides consistency and continuity of the urban fabric and buildings pattern/scale. Another connection is the waterfront, which goes along several districts and provides good opportunities for water transportation. The third connection is the view of the landmarks to the site and the character of the entire site which includes mixed-use, residential and commercial areas that all make it compact, sustainable and consistent.

A

A. Connects from District 1 to entire site. View of bridge across Yangtze River and the Temple on top of the hill.

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Xiaguan Analysis

B

C B. By studying the figure ground, roads and green space diagrams we can see the patterns existing in the site. This very little existing stricture in the center of the district but is bounded on all four sides by arterial roads. There is very little green space the existing buildings are industrial in scale.

C. The dimensions of the site and size.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

To fully understand the existing conditions we diagrammed the district using the Lynchian model. The primary nodes are ZongShan Pier and the subway station that is scheduled to be built. The edges are the Yangtze River to the west and the raised expressway to the east. The single prominent landmark is the Xiaguan Power Plant smokestack. The paths are Jianning Road to the north and Zhongshan Road to the south. Finally, District 1 is a district in itself that is characterized by heavy industry.

We also diagrammed the walkability of the site through 400 meter bubbles radiating from the pier and the subway station.

We studied the average building heights of the existing structures compared to the smokestack to understand their scales.

Finally, we overlayed the existing land uses for the site.

A. Lynchian study

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B. Walkability Diagram from pier and subway station

C. The building height study showed that the smokestack is visible from nearly the whole site. The only competing building is the office structure to the west of the district.

Xiaguan Analysis

A. While our best guesses were made to the land use of the district, the primary use is industry. While there are also mid-rise residential buildings, there is also a pocket if single family structures near the center of the district.

B. There is a wide range of uses of land in our district. From industry to retail to commercial to education to residential.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

DISTRICT 2 ANALYSIS Tiffany Managad Sydney Karpowich

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD & WATERFRONT District 2 Wws a major business, distribution, commercial, and port hub in the city of Nanjing. District 2 was once the trading center for the whole city, Dama Road in the center of the district, being the most area. Dama Road contains many historical buildings, many of which have British and western influence architecture. In the 19th Century, the area around Dama Road was considered the city center because the area contained all areas of commerce. However, after WWII, much of the area was destroyed and the city center was rebuilt elsewhere. The shipping and port industry was eventually replaced because of railway transportationmoving the city center more inland from the Yangtze River. Shops on Damalu Rd closed, and people moved out of the area because there were no jobs.

District 2 has the most number of historical architectures (mainly built in R.0.C era, 1910s to 1940s), and has great sight lines of the mountain nearby as well as the beautiful Ancient building, Yuejianglou on the mountain, which is near the city moat. and has possibilities to have deeper connection with them.

Within District 2, lies Tianbao Village, which means “God Blessed�.

The village has over 100 years of history and is a reminder of that time in Nanjing. However, the village is the poorest and oldest in the city because it is now located on the edge of the city. There is also a Catholic Church located within the village.

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Xiaguan Analysis

21.42 hectares

0m

53

m

19

0m

370

525 m

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150 m

5 2 1

52.92 5 52 .9 92 ac acres cre res s

m

Xiaguan Analysis

RIVER

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

MINUTE WALK ON DAMA RD

LYNCHIAN MAP AND EXISTING CONDITIONS Nanjing West Railway Station

FIGURE GROUND/ SITE 2

YANGTZE RIVER

PATHS EDGES LANDMARKS

NODES

Dama Road and railway intersection

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DISTRICTS

Xiaguan Analysis

YOU ARE HERE

YOU ARE HERE

200 meters

DOWNTOWN DENVER

200 meters

MANHATTAN

200 meters

AURARIA

200 meters

CITY PARK

200 meters

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

WATERFRONT/ VIEW OF SITE 2 FROM YANGTZE RIVER

YANGTZE RIVER

YUEJIANGLOU

SITE BOUNDARY

YANGTZE RIVER

WATER BODIES

YOEJIANGLOU

WATERFRONT/ VIEW OF YANGTZE RIVER BRIDGE

YUEJIANGLOU

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Xiaguan Analysis

OPEN SPACE

PARK/ BEATIFUL AMENITY BUT RARELY USED. LACKS This park is veryWATERFRONT/ nice, but few people it. 1 & 2 FROM YANGTZE RIVER VIEWenjoy OF SITE CONNECTION

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

TREE CANOPY COVER

WEAK CONNECTION TO WATER-

LON

NG

ROA

D

JIA

NG

BIA

NR

OA

D

GJIA

AD

A

RO

ZH

HE

B DAM

G ON

G EN

ZH

AR

C

OAD

AD

G IN

RO

IM

HU

JIANNING ROAD

REHE ROAD

A INDUSTRIAL B COMMERCIAL C RESIDENTIAL

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LIMITED ENTRANCES TO INTERIOR BLOCKS

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This road is very beautiful with lots of trees. But you cannot FLOOD CONTROL WALL/ SAFE YET BLOCKS & ACCESS VIEW TO RIVER see the Yangtze River because of the dyke.

Xiaguan Analysis

LON

NG

ROA

D

NR

OA

D

GJIA

JIA

NG

BIA

AD

RO

HO

EZ

H NG

NG

E

ZH

DAM

AR

OAD

AD

G IN

RO

IM

HU

JIANNING ROAD

REHE ROAD

HISTORIC AXIS/ STRONG We can seeVIEW Yuejianglou directlyCONNECTION at this road TO YUEJIANGLOU

ELEVATED VIADUCT/ VISUAL ANDhere PHYSICAL BARRIER TO SITE You can see railway and viaduct

PRIMARY ROADS SECONDARY ROADS TERTIARY ROADS

This place used to beAQUATIC a trade center for aquatic products.

The PEDESTRIAN ROADS/ CENTERS SHUT DOWN 2 YEARS center shut down about 2 years ago.

AGO Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

EXISTING RAILWAY/ Recently abandoned, but preserved.

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Xiaguan Analysis

1918

1923 DA

MA

RO

AD

TIANBAO VILLAGE

HISTORIC CORRIDOR ALONG DAMA ROAD

Designed by Ting-bao Yang (1901-1982), Famous Chinese architect and former architecture professor of Southeast University.

1947

1947/ Former China Merchants Steamship Navigation Company, Nanjing Branch

1923/ Former Bank of China, Nanjing Branch

1918/ Former Postal Administration of Jiangsu Province

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

Homes in Tianbao Village. The home are extremely close together and in need of renovations.

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Xiaguan Analysis

1

1 Nanjing China Merchants

2 Waterfront Wall

2

5

4

6 3

3 Zhongshan Pier

5 Yoejianglou A. Axis points/views

4 Dama Road

6 City Moat A. Two axis lines begin off site near the City Wall- the Yoejianglou Tower and City Moat that protects the ancient tower. The sight lines bisect the site through Dama Road making connections through the preserved architecture, through the edge wall, and then to the Yangtze River.

A. The Yoejianglou Tower has a direct connection with the Nanjing China Merchants building, a building designed by famous Chinese architect, Ting-bao Yang, in 1947. The China Merchants building connects the southwestern corner, Zhongshan Pier, an important shipping port before the decline of the area.

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

DISTRICT 3 ANALYSIS Keith Billick Amina Adnan

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

WATERFRONT AND CHANNEL The Yangtze River, Huimin River, the Moat, the Ming City Wall, and Eight Mountains use to form a natural landscape that is now in detriment. The natural water system was destroyed when it became a landfill site and now the Huimin River is a source of contamination in stormwater and flood events.

In the 1970s there was an onset of illegal building in the district that has increased the amount of unkempt drainage; likewise, people are washing dishes and rice in the river, contributing to polluted waters that were once clean.

A. Nanjing Ferry Institution Located in the old river Estuary of number 57, and the jurisdiction of the field lines, Zhanqiao, ferries and other facilities are located in the Beijing Road of the old River Estuary in both Xiaguan District and Pukou District,built in 1933,which also the China’s first railway train ferry line.

In 1968 October, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge opened, coach and through goods train through the bridge through. The ferry crossing only non direct cargo (military combat readiness) train, twowheeled voyage. In May 5, 1973, Yangtze River bridge and the new hub supporting projects have been completed, Nanjing ferry closed suspended.

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Xiaguan Analysis

A

B

C

D

A. In early years, there was a famous commercial street along the banks of the river.

Now are the relics of the old trading port.

B. Unkempt drainage. A relevant issue with frequent flooding and stormwater quality issues.

C. Spontaneous Farming -- Growing vegetables and feeding poultry

D. Aged and disordered wires and pipelines

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

Existing Conditions: Greenspace

S W

trengths eaknesses

• Minimal and almost non-existent greenspace.

• Stormwater is not captured before entering the Yangtze.

• Minimal public access to greenspace.

O

pportunities • There are generous amounts of space for environmental renewal since the riverfront is less reliant on freight transport and can limit industrial uses.

• More greenspace to capture and filter stormwater creates a cleaner Yangtze River.

• More greenspace creates opportunities for river interaction.

T

hreats • Soil Contamination • Access to greenspace is reliant on efficient infrastructure.

• Competing urban densities.

scale: 1:5 0 50m

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100m

200m

Xiaguan Xiag ag gua u n Analysis

Xiaguan Master Plan

Existing Conditions: Landmarks

S

trengths • Historical landmarks remember the river’s past live and cultural influences.

• Viewsheds of landmarks adjacent to District 3 hiistorical resource e

W

eaknesses

• Lack of institutions that collect and educate locals and tourist of scientific, artistic, cultural and historic relevances.

O

pportunities • • • •

histo oriccal resource

Architecturally stunning museums Historic preservation Accentuating viewsheds Tourist attractions that create connections

natural resource histo orical ressourrce

T

hreats • Balancing the old with the new • Protecting the Culture/History Axis along Jianning Road, that has the potential to become a grand avenue and may threaten the integrity of the heritage zone adjacent.

historicall ressou urce

cultural resource e historical resource e natural resource scale: 1:5 0 50m

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cultural re esource 100m

200m

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

Existing Conditions: Walking Distances

S

trengths • The entire district can be observed by foot.

• Existing landmarks are within walking distance of eachother. / 5m in w alk

W

eaknesses

/5

lk wa

400 m

• Lack of sidewalks or pedestrian and bike paths can limit accessibility; meaning longer commute times.

• Roads and railways creates barriers to connections and access.

0m 40

n mi

O

pportunities

400m / 5min walkk

• With the appropriate infrustracture and wayfinding tools in place the district can be covered by foot in ~15 minutes.

• Walkways, paths and wayfinding tools can connect existing and proposed landmarks contributing a cohesive identity for the district.

T

hreats • Existing Barriers • Competing modes of transportation.

400m

/ 5m in w alk 400 m

scale: 1:5 0 50m

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100m

200m

/ 5m

in w alk

Xiaguan Xiag ag guan Analysis

Xiaguan Master Plan

Existing Conditions: Transit Network

S

trengths

T

• There is a great network of trains on the perimeter of the site

W

eaknesses

No. 5

• Minimal and almost non-existent interior transit network

O

Line

pportunities • Connections connections connections • Multi-modal access and routes

T

hreats • Flooding • More congestion and traffic within the site

T scale: 1:5 0 50m

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100m

200m

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

Existing Conditions: Roadway Network

S

trengths • There is a great network of roadways on the perimeter of the site

W

eaknesses

• Minimal and almost non-existent interior roadway network • Existed road systems only lead to working area of Railway Bureau, lack of parking lots and turning field. Redundant dead ends exist in the area.

pa ng o D

O

pportunities • Connections connections connections • Multi-modal access and routes

T

hreats

Jian

gbi

an

Roa

d

Xing’an Ro

ad

• Fooding • Potential for shortcuts - i.e. shortest route and less congestion • More congestion and traffic within the site

scale: 1:5 0 50m

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100m

200m

Lon gjia n

g Ro ad

re i St ot a

et

Xiaguan Xiag ag guan Analysis

Xiaguan Master Plan

Existing Conditions: General Land use

S

trengths • There is already a diverse mix of uses and activities on site including light manufacturing, shipping, residential and general commercial

W

eaknesses

• The site is predominantly shipping and light manufacturing

O

pportunities • Proportional diversification of uses and activities • Increased land values because of riverfront access

T

hreats • Flooding • Contaminated or degraded sites

scale: 1:5 0 50m

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100m

200m

Nanjing, China

43

Xiaguan Analysis

District 3: Conclusions and Development Goals • • • • • • • • • • •

•

• •

Provide a front door for the river...not a back door.

Breakdown existing barriers to river connections Paths & Greenways: connected greenway along river.

Increase public access to river with overlooks and public parks.

Integrate stormwater management, flood mitigation and water interaction at the rivers edge and canal.

Strengthen the SOM multi-modal connections on a micro-scale.

Observe various housing densities; challenging vertical building.

Establish an identifiable character and recognizable style - possibly something to do with Canals?

Preserve views of the pagota from the river port and the Canal Create a landmark at the riverfront that pulls people through to the river (Ferry Institution?).

Develop the river as a recreational amenity, attracting tourists and enhancing Nanjing’s image as a desirable place to live, work, and visit.

Use artwork, cultural institutions, parks and entertainment to create a tourist economy and celebrate Yantze’s important industrial past.

Cultural development should be a revival of civilian culture.

Accentuate the concentrated expression of the “combination of mountain, water, city and forest” in Nanjing.

A

A. source: http://www.presidentialrace.oodja.com/a/ detail.do/id-b631014d-b167423f-a66f-88ade9096dcf

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Xiaguan Analysis

E. Existing infrastructure

E

Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

DISTRICT 4 ANALYSIS Yilei Huang Constanze Arenz-Kulkami

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

HISTORIC STATION Site 4 is mainly characterized by railway tracks and industrial areas.

The old railway station, located at the eastern edge of the site, is no longer in use and decaying. Nevertheless the historic building is a decisive landmark and has the potential to become the identity defining heart of the district.

Railway tracks, lined with industrial buildings, dominate the central part of site 4. On the eastern edge the use and the building structure change significantly from industrial into residential.

The site is surrounded by diverse neighborhoods: The southern edge of the site is marked by the Lulong Lake. On the other side of the lake lies the historic Yuejianglou district with the scenic Lion Rock Park including the city wall and a couple of temples. While the site itself is flat, the topographie on the southern side of the lake is steep. On top of the hill sits a pagoda that can be seen from a long distance. To the southeast of the site extends a commercial district with a shopping mall. Northwest of the site the Huiminhe River connects to the waterfront. To the North of the site large rail yards extend. Close to the site lies the Dahong Pond, that looks contaminated and is affected by its industrial surroundings.

Nanjing West Railway Station

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gtse

Yan

Xiaguan Analysis

e

idg r Br

Rive

he

g en

Z

A: The Site and its Dimensions

B: Existing Conditions

C: Traffic

D: The Site and its Surroundings

D: Existing Landuse

E: Lynch Analysis

A. The Site and its Dimensions site boundaries

D. Surroundings The site is surrouded by divers neighborhoods that offer opportunities to connect to.

B. Existing Conditions buildings open space wat

D. Existing Landuse rail school industrial green residential water commercial

C. Traffic arterial secondary road railway

h ort

ad

Ro

N

C. Lynch Diagram

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TOPOGRAPHY

70m

A: Section

A: Lulong Lake and Lion Rock Park with Pagoda

The site itself is almost flat but the area rises steeply on the other side of the Lulong Lake at the Lion Hill.

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B: Section and Aerial View

Xiaguan Analysis

C: View from Yuejang Tower over Site 4

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IMPRESSIONS

View over Lulong Lake towards Lion Rock Park

View over the Lake, the Arterial and the edge of the Site 52

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D: Multifamiliy Residential

E: Industrial Buildings

Housing on Site

Industrial Buildings

D: Little green oasis

G: Commercial Buildings

Private Space

Shopping Mall

Water Tower as landmark

Train Washing Station Nanjing, China

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Xiaguan Analysis

‘SWOT’ STRENGHTS/WEAKNESSES Connection to History • Old City Wall • Yuejiang Tower and Temples • Railway Station • Water Tower • Industrial Past • Opportunity to build on existing Residential Neighborhood Connection to Nature • River and Waterways • Proximity to Lulong Lake and Dahong Pond • Proximity to Lion Rock Park • Old trees, especially plane trees around the station • Opportunity to enhance and link the existing green spaces

B: Nanjing West Railway Station

Connection to the City • Large arterials link the site to Nanjing • Diverse Surroundings that offer multiple uses • Opportunity to link the site to the surroundings by creating new roads, trails and transit options • Opportunity to reuse existing railway tracks for transit

A: Yuejiang Tower and Temples, Lulong Lake A. The Lion Rock Park south of the site offers high quality recreational spaces and spectacular views up to the Nanjing Yangste River Bridge 54

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C: Railway tracks B. The Nanjing West Railway Station dates back to the mid 1940 - the previous station building burned down in the 1930s. The station is to be preserved.

C. Railway tracks make up a big part of the site. The soil i contaminated in large areas. The existing tracks are still usable and offer the opportunity for transit.

Xiaguan Analysis

‘SWOT’ OPPORTUNITIES/THREATS

Missing Links to History and Nature • No street or pedestrian network existing on site • No pedestrian connections from the site to Lion Rock Park • No benches on the North side of Lulong Lake • Limited access to ponds, waterways and the Yangste riverfront D: Vacant and decaying Buildings

E: IElevated Arterial

Threats from History • Contaminated soil and water through railway and industrial uses • Vacant and decaying buildings • Railway Station in bad condition • Integrating the existing different scales into a new concept Missing Links to the City • So far limited connetion through uses to the surrounding neighborhoods (only residential) • Elevated arterial as barrier • Danger of blurry edges of the district and with that the difficulty of developin a cohesive identity for the neigborhood

F: Railway Station D. Vacant buildings A lot of buildings are no longer or only pariaööy in use, some are even in danger of collapsing.

G: No connection to and no benches on the lakeshore F. Railway Station The railway station is no longer in use and in a bad condition. There is a danger of loosing thislandmark if the decay is progressing.

E. Elevated Arterial The arterial, especially the elevated part, is a barrier to lake, the park and the shopping mall.

G. No benches and no connection to the lakeshore make it more a bicycle highway than a place to linger.

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DISTRICT 5 ANALYSIS Linjie Yang Johnathan Danieu

YANGTZE RIVER

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5 3

4

2

1 CITY WALL

Xiaguan Analysis

URBAN FABRIC & RAILWAY Thi district is located in close proximity to Yangtze River with a canal in the north-west sector that connects it directly to the waterfront.

Within its view is China’s first bridge, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, and the Jinghai Temple.

From its industrial past, to ecological resources, and strong neighborhood ties, district five has many elements that adds to its charater and potential. The site contains two important historical landmarks; Coal Harbor Holocaust Memorial and its connection to the decommisioned Nanjing West Railway Station.

Today it is riddled with declining single-family residentional units, new multi-family residential apartments, old growth London Plane Trees that line the streets, decommisioned railroad tracks and the the facilities that supported industry.

A. Decommisioned railway tracks encompass the district and define a majority of its edges.

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A

B

C

D

A. Hutongs

B. London Plain Trees add character to a street that runs through the =neighborhood.

C. Indutrial crane that once served the railyard.

D. Ecological component situated at the center of the district.

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RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL O P E N S PA C E

A

B

A. FIGURE/GROUND

B. Zoning

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GOOD D E T E R I O R AT I N G PUBLIC

( OLD

I N D U S T RY )

B

A

B

B. Conditions of existing structures on site

A. Existing structures to be preserved - highlighted in purple (SOM Master Plan)

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S E C O N D A RY R O A D L O C A L ROA D A L L E Y ROA D

A

B

A. Roadways

A. Railways

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Xiaguan Master Plan

CANOPY G RO U N D C OV E R

A

B

A. Existing green spaces

A. Existing bodies of weater

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COAL HARBOR HOLOC AUST MEMORIAL

400m / 5min walk

INDUSTRIAL CRANE

W AT E R T O W E R

A

B

A. Landmarks

A. 5-minute walking radius

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Xiaguan Master Plan

COAL HARBOR HOLOC AUST MEMORIAL

INDUSTRIAL CRANE

W AT E R T O W E R

A

A. Expansion of canal system to create a connection between blue and green (SOM Master Plan)

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‘SWOT’ STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

STRENGTHS: Industrial and culture heritage provide historic resources for the sites future development.

Two ponds and water channel bring- rich ecological resources.

WEAKNESSES: The existing road network and tracks are too irregular. It makes it difficult to identify the fabric of the district and how one moves through it.

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‘SWOT’ OPPORTUNITIES/THREATS OPPORTUNITIES: A large area of housings will be demolished - it offers a large space for the sites development.

The metro line no.5 will pass the site - it will increase the potential for development.

Industrial-type public amenity/park at the heart of the neighborhood.

Canal an serve as connection to waterfront.

Railway tracks can serve as greenway with amenities located along the its path that will have an econmic benefit.

THREATS: There is a large area of housing in disrepair and in need of demolition - it may displace the residents and is a conflict between developers and residents.

How to create an district with character that respects its history while connecting it to the other districts

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SECTION II 68

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PRECEDENT STUDIES

Xiaguan Precedents

Precedent Study_ BIKE INFRASTRUCTURE Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen is a model for the world when it comes to bicycle infrastructure. More people in the greater metropolitan area of Copenhagen commute to work and school each day than the entire bicycle commuting population of the United States. An estimated 36% of the city’s population makes biking a part of their daily routine, creating a healthier populous and a safer urban environment with less cars on its roads and a greater pedestrian realm.

Over 1.2 million kilometers are cycled each day by locals throughout a well designed and planned system that connects and extends to the far reaches of the metro area.

Despite the less than ideal weather of cold wet winters with occasional snow the streets are full of bicycle commuters due to the quality and specialized amenities of the bicycle infrastructure.

Brought on by an energy crisis and oil shortage in the 1970s the government was forced to take measures to reduce the countries oil consumption and began implementing ‘Car-Free’ days in the city. The resurgence of bicycle usage prompted extensive investment in bicycle infrastructure in a city that was on its way to being taken over by the car. Those investments have made Copenhagen the ‘Most-Bicycle Friendly City’ in the world and a global consultant to other countries beginning to cope with raising prices of oil and the reality of car consumed downtowns.

Nanjing, China is a rapidly growing city with great bicycle infrastructure already in place. The Xiaguan Project area needs to be developed to take advantage of this to create a healthy, sustainable lasting place.

A

B

C

D

A. The extensive bike network of Copenhagen. Line-weight dictates intensity of use.

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B. Bicycle commuters dominate the urban realm during rush hour

C. Copenhagen with (Red inset) of Xiaguan Project Site.

Shows the amount of bike infrastructure that can be present in our site and its importance to its context.

D. Painted lanes that run through intersections are just one of the many safety measures that prioritize the bike over the automobile

Xiaguan Precedents

E

F

G E. Separated bike lanes keep separation from cars and pedestrians

H F. Ample bike parking is necessary in a well through out bike plan.

G. Specialized amenities like foot stops help make each commute more comfortable and boost ridership.

I H. Winter snow doesn’t keep the bicycle commuters from their routine

I. Nanjing, China. Not far from the Xiaguan Project site great infrastructure is in place and needs to be connected to for a comprehensive network Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ BATTERY PARK CITY New York City, NY, USA Battery Park City, on the southern tip of Manhattan, is a master planned community built on a strict set of design guidelines. Originally conceived in the 1960s, the project only reached full build-out in the last decade. The development sits entirely on portion of the Hudson River that was reclaimed as developable land using fill from the World Trade Center project in the 1970s.

Prior to development, a Battery Park City design committee was formed to act as stewards for the quality and shape of the future area. Strict development guidelines were established that dictated the form of buildings and the provision of open spaces and amenities. A master plan was created that was to shape the development around a set of principles such as view corridors, landmarks identity, open space access, and a compatible arrangement of uses.

In order to ensure an equitable solution on the newly created land, developers had to agree to share revenue to a fund responsible for creating public, affordable housing elsewhere in the city. Additionally, the City of New York, directs a portion of taxes originating from the site towards these uses.

Though successful as a development in terms of unit sales and rentals, some argue that the new district lacks the dynamic mix of uses and vibrancy of life that is charactersitic of the City.

The case study is relevant as it is a master planned community based around a large river, similar to the conditions found on site in Xiaguan.

A. Figure Ground comparing Xiaguan Site to Battery Park City

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B. Mid-rise buildings within Battery Park City showing even cornice lines and uniform setback according to design guidelines.

C. Block Map comparing Xiaguan Site to Battery Park City

D. Aerial view of Southern district of Battery Park City showing diagonal view corridors focusing on water feature (the Marina) and landmarks (World Financial Ctr)

Xiaguan Precedents

E. Battery Park City is broken into two primary residential mixed used distrcit (North and South) linked together by the World Financial Business Center

F. Battery Park City has a variety of open spaces that range from very public river promenades to semi-private courtyard parks.

G. The site is arranged along three primary axis that terminate at a prominent landmark on one end and an open space or water view on the other.

H. The riverfront of Battery Park City consists of river promenades and open spaces punctuated by water features and gathering spots

I. A view showing the even cornice lines of residential buildings ending in a landmark building (The Stuyvesant School) Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ CHICAGO RIVER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, USA development area: • water surface: about 5.7 ha • land: approx 15.4 ha • east-west direction: approximately 400 m • north-south direction: approximately 2,000 m land uses: • residential: 700 GR (31% of GFA) • office / retail: 51% of gross floor area • art / culture: 18% of gross floor area •

The project has created approximately 2,200 jobs within its boundaries.

•

The project is set on the actual Rheinauhafen, a formerly commercial harbour developed during the 1880’s.

•

Planning for the redevelopment project commenced with an urban design competition during the early 1990’s, with construction starting in 2002 and scheduled to be completed by 2011. The project is comprised of offices, cultural institutions, hotels and residential units. The formerly commercial port is now being used as a marina.

•

Architectural landmarks are the former Siebengebirge wharf warehouses and the three Kranhaus buildings (from south to north “KranhausPLUS”, “Kranhaus1” and “Pandion Vista”), allegorizing the historical harbour cranes. The middle one was awarded the MIPIM Award in Cannes.

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A

Xiaguan Precedents

C

Observations: 1. The site has good pedestrian, vehicular and transit connections to the surrounding city and neighborhoods 2. There is no “green” open space, but there is plentiful and well situated public plazas 3. The development of the site was done in such a way that it re-purposed several original historic buildings along with the new modern construction, the integration of new and old is noticeable yet consistent with the context of the city 4. The mix of uses, from cultural, office, retail and residential is seamless and well blended 5. The construction of the three iconic Kranhaus buildings provides a identifiable image for the development and a new landmark for the city 6. The potential elements at Rheinauhafen that could influence our Nanjing site include easy river access, identifiable character, high density mixed use, close proximity to historic city center and multiple connections and modes into and through the site.

Nanjing possibilities: • capitalize on what makes our site unique - the canals • high density doesn’t have to mean - high rise • green space is good, but the entire river front doesn’t need to be a “park” • the inclusion of cultural and institutional uses within the development • a tourism destination Nanjing limitations: • existing water, sewer and power infrastructure • access into and through the site is limited • the degraded riverfront and canal system

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Precedent Study_ CHEINAUHAFEN KOLIN, GERMANY Development Goals: • • •

•

•

• •

• •

Paths & Greenways: connected greenway along river.

Public Access: increase public access to river with overlooks and public parks Green space & Habitat: Restore and protect landscape and natural habitats along the river, particularly fish habitat. Given the river’s industrial history. Create landscaped buffers and wetlands, both to soften harsh urban edges and to support wildlife.

Recreation: Develop the river as a recreational amenity, attracting tourists and enhancing Chicago’ s image as a desirable place to live, work, and visit.

Economic Development: Encourage economic development compatible with the river as an environmental and recreational amenity

A

The river flows through residential neighborhoods and industrial areas.

Over the last 25 years, local and federal government agencies have invested more than $4 billion in pollution control and other water quality improvements in Industrial areas.

More and more Chicagoans look to it as an attractive place to work, live, and play.

Renewed interest in the river is resulting in new residential and commercial uses that replace industrial plants that previously relied on the river for freight.

B

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Navy Pier

Lake Shore East iver ago R c i h C

Green Roof Park Jay Pritzker Pavilion the ‘Bean’ Butler Field Lurie Gardens

C

Ferry Institution Cultural Resource

Nanjing Possibilities: • Existing natural features such as lakes and mountains create a diverse foundation for enhanced habitat and awareness of nature. Chicago is less fortunate in this regard.

• The rich history and culture of Nanjing can create opportunities for public art displays and cultural centers for celebration and education.

• Nanjing’s status as a major port city with District 3 at the core of economic activity and relations with adjacent cities and world connections can be enhanced with tourist attractions and transportation along the Yangtze River.

• With a heavy industrial past in District 3, there are less historical features that would limit rebuilding and extensive re mediation, necessary for river connections, habitat creation and a total revitalization effort.

Nanjing Limitations: • Unlike Chicago, Nanjing must preserve view sheds that accentuate historical and cultural features; limit the heights of buildings within district 3.

D A. Proposed high rise creates a visual connection between the city and the river front.

Lessons Learned 1. Strong local and government investment and backing 2. The River is less “park like” and reflects more of the urban fabric.

3. The goal of commercial investment supports private investment and maintenance of the river “walk” but that also tends to reflect the “office park” atmosphere.

4. Generous amounts of green space create opportunities for social interaction, connections with nature, stormwater filtration, economic development and greater aesthetic values.

5. The Navy Pier is an extension of the main land, that offers tourist attraction.

6. The confluence of Lake Michigan & the Chicago River is one piece of an extensive greenway that incorporates culture with public art displays that beg interaction and make a strong statement of uniqueness for the City.

7. The Lurie Garden, just South of the confluence create habitat and human nature interaction.

B. River Front combines seawall and a ‘green’ set back to expand the flood plain.

C. Chicago River, Chicago, Illinois, USA

D. Huimin River, Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ THE SQUARE MILE LONDON, UK The square mile is a 1.12 square mile area in central London, which was historically definied by a city wall. The city is known for poor air quality in this area. The 2010 Londoner Survey found that pollution for traffic was the top environmental concern for Londoners. Poor air quality can cause serious health problems and reduces the quality of life for us all As recently as the 1950s, London was infamous for its pollution. In December 1952 a dense fog covered Greater London for several days, leading to a sudden rise in mortality rates. Whilst Londoners had experienced similar periods of smog, this episode led to an estimated 3,500-4,000 more deaths than would have been expected under normal conditions.

B

A A. London city center (old city)

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B. Geographical particulate map

Xiaguan Precedents

C C. Contributing factors leading to poor air quality

D D. Public city bicycles ‘Barclays’ were greeted with over 90,000 users registering within the first 10 weeks (2010) Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ LAKE SHORE PARK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, USA Our first precedent study was the waterfront portion of downtown Chicago, IL. We chose to include the portion containing Lake Shore Park. This portion of Chicago contains elements that we believe will work well within the constraints of District 1. First, the connection between the high-rise buildings of Chicago and the water of the lake is spanned by an arterial road. Second, This section of downtown Chicago is characterized by the landmark building, The John Hancock Building while District 1 is landmarked by the Xiaguan Power Plant smokestack. Finally, the use of Lake Shore park to bring green open space into the city could be used on our site.

A. While dissecting the site in Chicago the is the same size as District 1, it was necessary to point out specific land marks. The John Hancock Building is a landmark for this portion of the city and draws parallels to the Xiaguan Power Plant smokestack. The location of the Broadway Playhouse and the Museum of Contemporary Art have created a cultural center within the shadow the landmark building. The collection of Lake Shore Park, the Museum of Contemporary Art and Seneca Playlot Park in a single city block placed within the city and connecting to the waterfront has created a unique and successful public space.

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Xiaguan Precedents

B. By examining the figure ground, roads, and green space diagrams, patterns have emerged in the plan. The Chicago city block size is smaller than the existing roads and are placed in a rigid grid.

C. By placing the diagrams into the District 1 site we can see how the same design decision in Chicago can translate.

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Precedent Study_ FINANCIAL DISTRICT SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA There are a lot of similarities between San Francisco’s financial district and Nanjing’s district 1 in terms of geography, topography, waterfront and history. San Francisco is a coastal city in the USA which in this portion of it show the financial district and waterfront public space that has great suggestions for Nanjing.

The high-rise buildings in the financial district are surrounding Market Street which is the major street in San Francisco that carries a variety of retails and public spaces that ends in the waterfront where the ferry shopping center is located. The consistency, continuity and mixed-use character of San Francisco supported the businesses and hotels in the financial district.

There also other elements that made the area more successful and livable like the public spaces, transit stops, park, waterfront activities and piers that are multi-functional. The variety of uses, diversity of users and mixed-use developments has brought not only businesses to the district but also tourists and residents, which made the area viable and functions longer than business hours.

A. Although the grid and urban pattern, buildings orientation are different, San Francisco has a variety of buildings and Market St. Provides many connections to the park, waterfront and this connection creates public spaces and pocket parks that make the area more livable and active.

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B. The origin-destination concept of San Francisco adds a lot to the continuity of the district. The park, mixed-use and shopping center are great opportunities for different users. Nanjing can revitalize district 1 by having both high-rise and variety of uses that create social, diverse business environment.

Xiaguan Precedents

C. The variety of building size and scale take advantage of the wind, sunlight in San Francisco and this can be important element in Nanjing especially for buildings orientation.

D. The Golden Bridge in San Francisco is a landmark that is visible from many places close to the shore, likewise the Temple in Nanjing is an elevated landmark in the city.

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Precedent Study_ QIJIAN PARK ZHONGSHAN, CHINA Qijiang Park (Zhongshan Shipyard Park) is located in the center of the city. The overall planned area is 11 hecktares and covers 3.6 hectares water. This project cares for sustainability and environmental protection.

The design theme is that discuss the philosophy of values and ethics, pay attention to the culture being neglected and the beauty of weeds.

DESIGN APPROACH: PRESERVE: preserve native habitats, improve water quality, and incorporatecultural elements.

REUSE: reuse existing structures, materials and forms for new functions.

RECYCLE: to digest the existing forms, materials and genius loci to recreate new forms and functions to visualize and strengthen the inherent meaning of the site.

A A. Birdseye view of the park

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Xiaguan Precedents

B

C

D

E

B. A landscape node on the C. Local plants were used main pedestrian corridor in the pond while improving water quality

D. Reuse of old railways serves as main axis and pedestrian corridor railway

E. Reuse of structures from the old shipyard now serve as key landmarks Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ DUISBURG-NORD DUISBURG, GERMANY Duisburg-Nord was designed in 1991 by Latz + Partner (Peter Latz), with the intention that it works to heal and understand the industrial past, rather than trying to reject it. The landscape park of Duisburg-Nord is a typical precedent to discuss quality buildings and planning standards for the environmental, economic and social transformation of an old industrial region.

The park covers 230 hectares. The construction period was from 1992-2002.

BLAST FURNACE PARK The Piazza Metallica is the symbol of this park, a metamorphosis of the existing hard and rugged industrial structure into a public park.

WATER PARK The open waste water canal of the “Old Emscher“, crossing the park from east to west, was transformed into a clear water canal with bridges and footpaths, exclusively fed by the clear rainwater.

RAILWAY PARK The railway lines, still open or out of operation, are the most continuous connections in the park. They form a filigree pattern, going deep into the living and working areas of the city quarters.

PLAY The whole park is a big adventure playground. Old industrial structures are transformed and adaptated to form new interpretations; fantasy allows them to be used in novel and useful ways.

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Xiaguan Precedents

A

B

C

D

A. One of the most important structures in the entrance of Duisburg-Nord

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B. The central landscape in the Blast Furnace park

C. The main spine in the center portion of the park

D. An important landscape in the water park

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Precedent Study_ B U F FA L O , N Y

LAKE ERIE WATERFRONT BUFFALO, NY, USA Buffalo, New York is one of many northeastern and mid-western US cities that make up what is known as the “Rust Belt.� Characterized by declining industry, aging factories, and a falling population these cities are scattered with brownfields situated in areas for prime real estate development.

With major arterial roadways running north to south along the shore it creates multiple points of access. Buffalo, NY industrial past and access to water makes it ideal for regenerative living landscapes that would increase habitat and biodiversity while celebrating the regional culture and beautify the riverfront for public use. This type of development has the potential to increase ones pride in the community and create a greater draw for commericial and residential use.-

O P E N S PA C E

LAKE ERIE A

A

A. Context map

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R U S T B E LT

Xiaguan Precedents

B

C

D

E

B. View west from open space toward Lake Erie

C. Grain elevator as industrial relic

D. Birdseye view of Rust Belt, CBD in the distance

E. Diagrams of Public Land and Access Points through expressway (I-90 - green) and from primary road (Niagara St. - red)

E. Proposed mixed-use development

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Precedent Study_ SANTA FE RAILYARD SANTA FE, NM, USA The project is situated on former industrial and railway land near the historic core of the city.

The team developed a cohesive strategy which would unify the many disparate functions called for in the project master plan. At the heart of the scheme is an open-air public market structure, sited to engage transit, commercial, and cultural institutions, and to revitalize a series of neighboring warehouses.

A: Comparison Santa Fe Site to Nanjing Site 90

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Nanjing, China

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Precedent Study_ BERGAMO OLD CITY LOMBARDY, ITALY The old city of Bergamo in Northern Italy is characterized through its location way above the modern, newer city. The historic city center is surrounded by a wall and the former mout is remodeled into a park.

Bergamo is popular with tourists but so far a short and attractive connection for pedestrians is not existing. In 2008 the City therefore held a competition to find a solution that does not only improve the connectivity but that also is a sight in itself and attracts visitors.

One of the winners was Italian architect Walter Angonese, who suggested a solution with an partly underground staircase and a large underground entrance hall. The simple materiality and the clear lines set a strong architectural statement and are easy to distinguish from the historic structures. Nevertheless the new buildings do not overpower the old city, but add to the attractiveness. The entrance hall is not only an inviting gesture, it als provides the opportnity for exhibitions and tourist information.

Can Bergamo be compared to Nanjing?

The site in Bergamo is a bit lower than the site in Nanjing and the creek is decisively smaller than the Lulong Lake, but the setting and the requirements are very comparable.

A Rendering: The New Access to the Old City

A. Source of all pictures Walter Angonese, Architect http://www.angonesewalter.it

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Xiaguan Precedents

Section

Rendering of Entrace Hall 1

Plan View

Rendering of Entrace Hall 1

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Precedent Study_ DOWNTOWN PITTSBURGH PITTSBURGH, PA Pittsburgh is a former steel and coal mining town located in Southwestern Pennsylvania. The CBD, once a bustling downtown and steel mill, is recovering slowly as it continues to grow in the financial services and healthcare industry. Like District 2, it has an abundance of historical architecture and a street grid unlike any other.

The downtown streets are based on two distinct grid systems that run parallel to the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. These two grids intersect along Liberty Avenue, creating many unusual street intersections.

A

A Downtown Pittsburgh, PA (1880’s)

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Xiaguan Precedents

C

B

B The Allegheny grid contains numbered streets, while the Monogahela grid contains numbered avenues. Some of the number causing confusion. Despite the city’s origin in the 18th century, the downtown grid is quite unusual.

C Pittsburgh city inlayed in District 2

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Precedent Study_ Bo01 MALMO, SWEDEN Malmö’s re-orientation from industrial city to environmental and knowledge economy involved an international housing exhibition, Bo01, that acted as a cornerstone for the entire city’s redirection. The case shows the strong potential of an exhibition to act as a catalyst for sustainability even in adverse conditions. Although the Bo01 exhibition encountered setbacks, it was successful in establishing a leading-edge ecological urban district and a revitalised city on the world stage.

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Bo01 features a range of sustainability innovations where the aim is, through demonstration, to facilitate their becoming mainstream in Malmรถ and other cities. Such innovations include: 100% locally renewable energy (using a mix of solar, wind, heat pump, etc.), roof gardens and other green space factor applications, open surface water systems against flooding, and systematised composting for biogas.

500 meters

500 m

A Bo01 features a range of sustainability innovations where the aim is to facilitate the city becoming mainstream in Malmo and other cities through demonstration.

Nanjing, China

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