CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER WING MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA UNDERGRAD THESIS BOOK VOLUME I
ALLY LEONARDO
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THESIS VOLUME I
PROGRAMMING
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CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER WING MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT THESIS STATEMENT GOALS + OBJECTIVES CANCER CENTER + USERS
CASE STUDIES OUR LADY OF THE LAKE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
DELL CHILDREN’S MEDICAL CENTER PRINCESS MÁXIMA CENTER FOR CHILD ONCOLOGY
MELBOURNE, AU EXPLORING MELBOURNE
SITE + BUILDING ANALYSIS
PROGRAMMING + PLANNING ADJACENCY MATRIX
CODE ANALYSIS ADA IN HEALTHCARE PLAN PROTOTYPES
RELEVANT RESEARCH COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH COLOR + MATERIAL RESEARCH CONSULTANT RESEARCH STUDY SURVEY RESEARCH WELL & LEED BUILDING STANDARD
SOURCES
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INTRODUCTION
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PROBLEM STATEMENT The children’s cancer center is located near Albert park in Melbourne, AU with views to Port Phillip’s waters. This three story building will be designed mindfully and executed to include space for state-of-the-art treatment without sacrificing critical support for each patient’s emotional well-being. The first floor includes a large children’s discovery space and art studio alongside private check in rooms and reception. The 50,000 square foot facility meets LEEDHC guidelines as well as WELL v2 standards to deliver a thoughtful and sustainable space that enhances human health and well-being for patients and visitors.
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THESIS STATEMENT Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. Unfortunately, this development tends to suffer in children undergoing constant cancer treatment. It is imperative to not only heal the patient’s physical self through this treatment, but maintain their cognitive and emotional health as well. For this children’s cancer center, it will take a holistic design approach to stimulate growing patients’ cognitive, social, and emotional well-being to maintain a healthy balance of healing in each individual.
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GOAL + OBJECTIVES
1. Promote health and well-being for patients, staff, and families by fulfilling requirements for WELL v2 +Natural Light +Space to be Active +Universal + ADA design
2. Create an enviromentally sustainable space by fulfilling criteria for LEEDHC +Red List Free Materials +Biophilia +Recycling bins on each level
3. Maintain patients cognitive development and emotional health +Interactive design elements +Play rehab space that offers educational opportunities +Relaxation corners
4. Ensure patient and family privacy through acoustic measures +Exam and patient rooms are acousitcally sound +Echo is minimized in open areas such as Lobby or Infusion space +Access to acousitcal phone booths for conversation + relfection
5. Incorporate local aspects of Melbourne Australia +Include elements of the surrounding enviroment +Consider the culture of Melbourne and its importance within the space 10
Through the years, cancer treatment has become highly individualized and focused on healing the patient. The built environment has become a critical part of the healing process and designing facilities that put the needs of the patient first has become the standard. The Melbourne Children’s Cancer Center is a wing that extends from the main hospital and answers to the needs of young patients and their care providers through individualized design of the facility’s common patient and staff areas.
CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER WING
USERS Children between the ages of 2-18
Family members of patients
Healthcare staff
Healthcare conglomerate 11
CASE STUDIES
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01 Our Lady of the Lake Children’s Hospital ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN GROUP HKS Architects
SITE
+Baton Rouge, Louisiana + 372,842 square feet
OVERVIEW Francision missionaries enlisted the help of HKS architects to create the first stand alone children's hospital in over 40 years. The design challenge was working with a modest budget to create an anchorpoint of the state's network of pediatric care while also providing space for future growth of the hospital. Modeled after Louisiana’s natural scenery- piney woods, bayous, and coastlines-HKS aimed to create an environment that would ease young patients into treatment.
KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS + Sunlight reflects off of colored glass in the lobby onto the wooden panels behind the welcome desk to resemble the glistening water of the bayous + Main concourse depicts the Mississippi river in the form of sculpted benches to evoke flow, create seating, and act as an art piece + Each area has its own color palette and artwork feature of an animal from the Louisiana ecosystem to act as wayfinding and create unique spaces through the massive facility + 30 bed ICU and 40 medical surgical inpatient beds + Surgical suite with 5 operating rooms + Hematology and Oncology floor with 12 inpatient specialized beds + Garden with boardwalk and sensory space
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02 Dell Children’s Medical Center ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN GROUP Karlsberger
SITE
+ Brownfield, Central Texas +187,000 square feet + Avery Ranch Boulevard 183A in Williamson County
OVERVIEW Since its construction in 2007, Dell Children’s has been the leader in pediatric healthcare in the Texas region, providing exceptional, specialized care for children and their families. Architecture and design group, Karlsberger, aimed to meet the clients’ desire to achieve a LEED platinum-level certification—unprecedented for an inpatient hospital. Successful in this goal, the Medical Center of Central Texas enables healing for both its patients, and the environment, offering views of the surrounding healing garden and adjacent park as well as Austin’s skyline.
KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS + Primary circulation is organized around the crossing of two axis -- the wood wall and the rock wall -- with the lobby and elevators organized at the intersection of this crossing + Inspired by historic Texas’ mission architecture, blocks of the facility are pierced by 6 courtyards which serve as visual cues and wayfinding + The hospital uses these courtyards as lungs of the building to provide cool, fresh air and as a primary source of natural light contributing to daylight in 60% of spaces + Motion sensor lighting controls and underfloor air distribution are incorporated where ever possible + Recycled and environmentally friendly materials (low VOC paints and adhesives, wheatboard casework, linoleum flooring, recycled carpet and ceiling) combine to provide a unique healing environment
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03 The Princess Máxima Center in Utrecht ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN GROUP LIAG Architects
SITE
+Utrecht, Netherlands +430,550 square feet + Located next to the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital of UMC and connected through a colorful bridge
OVERVIEW The Princess Maxima Center in Utrecht, Netherlands is a pediatric oncology research institute and children’s center. By designing a unique interior, they aim to be one of the top five children oncology centers in the world that would stimulate growing young patients cognitive, socio-emotional, and motor development despite their illness.
KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS + Incorporates a science + discovery space and building park which all contribute to a stimulating environment and overall child’s development + The building park includes a whimsical spatial intervention that encourages climbing and play. It is designed to lead patients through the space, offer interactive elements, and provide relaxation corners + The brand of the center is expressed through every element of the interior. The rooms, furniture, and toys form the design in a uniform manner recognizable throughout the building. It makes the entire large facility an understandable and familiar environment + LIAG Architects combine digital, physical and spatial elements into unique experiences + LIAG Architects has created spaces that make it possible to cook and eat together as a family, take lessons in classrooms, or play with grandma and grandpa
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MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
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Melbourne, Australia is the state of Victoria’s capital city, contributing to a major part of the wider Victorian and AU economies. Centered around a central business district, metropolitan suburbs surround the city, each with their own distinctive character. With a high working population made up from all different cultures, the city of Melbourne is known as the business, administrative, cultural, and recreational hub of the state. Visitors may also find Melbourne referred to as the pre-eminent center for the arts, culture, education, dining, and shopping. In terms of healthcare, Melbourne Health is one of Australia’s leading public healthcare providers delivering services through the Royal Melbourne Hospital, NorthWestern Mental Health, and the internationally renowned Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.
EXPLORING MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
POPULATION FACTS + 2016 Census report: -Median Age: 36 -Male: 36% -Female: 51% -Children Per Family: 1.8 + Melbourne has high education and employment rates and is projected to overtake AU as its biggest city by 2030 + Its temperate climate allows for year round seasonal changes inviting an average of over a million international visitors +Melbourne averages close to a million people who utilize the city in on any given weekday + 83% of households are family while 16% are single family + 58% of the population have either both or one parent born overseas, with the top locations being the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Italy + Avergae income: The median salary is about 110,000 AD a year +Religion: 30.1% of Australians dont indentify with any religion. The next top two religions reported were Protestantism at 23.1% and Catholicism at 22.6% 22
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE VIEWS
SITE INFORMATION +Located in the city of Port Phillip, VIC, Australia +3 Kilometers from Melbournes City Center +Population of 113,200 +Site is surround by natural views of Port Phillip, Albert park, and Fawner park +Summer: December - February // Winter: July - August +45% of Port Phillips land is agricultural +Heavily rely on autumn break rainfall to supply crops with nutrients through the winter
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SITE ANALYSIS
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ADDRESS: 50-52 Queens Rd, Melbourne VIC 2004, Australia
NEIGHBORHOOD + Over 3.2 million people live around its shore, making Port Phillip Australia’s most densely populated anchoragew +Home to 9 suburbs +Located 10 minutes from the cancer center
PORT PHILLIP +Approach by foot, car, or boat +Activities include birdwatching, cycling, sailing, snorkelling, swimming, golfing, cricket, and other recreational sports +Australia’s busiest port and one of the most popular recreational destinations +Home to numerous beaches which are flat and easily walkable 25
SITE ANALYSIS
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
NEARBY AMENITIES
SITE AMENITIES +Site is located near numerous tram stops, taxi can service hubs, and a helicopter landing pad for emergencies. +Located adjacent to Alfred Emergency Hospital +Two Hotels in close proximity to the site +Numerous cafes and restaurants surround the 26
area
T
STREE
STR ENS QUE
E LORN
EET
LORNE STREET VIEW
QUEENS STREET VIEW
BUILDING ANALYSIS KEY INFORMATION BUILDING AMENITIES +Ample amounts of daylight and views on all sides of the building + Interior courtyard accessible from the first floor and providing views from upper levels +Skylights on the third level
UNDERLYING GRID
KEY DIMENSIONS +3 level building +Total square footage: 54,120 EGRESS
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SUNSET
SUNRISE
+Concrete base structure +Curtain wall system along the perimeter of the building shell
ACCESS TO DAYLIGHT
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PROGRAMMING + PLANNING
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M
Y
Y
Cafeteria/ Coffee
6000
H
Y
N
Y
N
Security Office
175
L
N
H
N
Y
Lobby/ Reception
3000
H
Y
N
N
N
ATM, Noise control, Way finding, Donor wall
L
M
H
Y
Y
Large scanning bed, Large x-ray glass controlled windows, Imaging room
L
L
H
N
N
Play/ Rehab Space
4000
H
Y
N
Y
N
Chapel/ Family Services
850
M
Y
H
N
N
Consultation rooms
x3 150
M
N
M
N
N
SPEC
IAL E
BING PLUM
ACY PRIV
IC A
QUIP
SS CCE
S NEED SQF.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Bright colors, Playful, Educational Aspects
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,0
18
N
3250
L
Y
M
Y
Y
Check in, Private restroom, Ambient waiting space
3250
L
Y
M
Y
Y
Check in, Private restroom, Ambient waiting space
Nurses Stations
x3 60
N
N
L
Y
Y
In each unit, Open, Movable
Staff Break Room
600
L
Y
H
N
N
Comfortable seating, Warm, Kitchen, Shelving
Infusion bays
5100
Y
Y
M
N
Y
Daylight,ceiling feature, Private to public bays
Restrooms
300
Y
N
H
Y
N
Carry same flooring from corridor to minimize tripping
S
PUBL IC
DAY L VIEW IGHT/ S
NEED
7320
L
Y
M
Y
Y
Florescent task lighting, Check in, Private restroom
Cardiac ICU
7320
L
Y
M
Y
Y
10 patient rooms, Check in/ Check out
Nurses Station
x3 60
N
N
L
Y
Y
In each unit, Open, Movable
Play/Rehab space
1540
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Bright colors, Playful, Educational Aspects
x2 300
N
N
H
N
Y
Heavy concrete floors/walls to block rays
Changing Rooms
x2 90
L
N
H
N
N
Restrooms
300
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Carry same flooring from corridor to minimize tripping
Staff Break
600
L
Y
M
N
N
Comfortable seating, Warm, Kitchen, Shelving
SQF.
Oncology Center
Radiation Rooms
F:
LS TA TO 0
4 ,0
18
30
Carpet, Soft lighting
QUIP
F:
LS
TA
TO R
O
O FL
E
Stained glass, Pews
Y
FOR: CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER
RE
Water fountain, feature peice, Cognitive dev. space
N
CRITERIA MATRIX
TH
Two way mirror
Y
IAL E
F
- Reasonably Convenient
Grab n’ go station, Ambient lighting, Task in kitchen
Y
SPEC
LO
TW
Task lighting, Counter space
1600
BING
R
O
Play/Rehab Space Pediatric care unit Blood Outpatient
PLUM
- Immediately Adjacent
O
UIP
N
FOR: CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER
N - Low
IAL E Q
M
SPEC
1500
CRITERIA MATRIX
Y - Yes
BING PLUM
Pharmacy
PUBL
0
04
8,
L - Low
ACY PRIV
N
PUBL
N
SQF.
H
ESS
:1
SF
M - Medium
- Unimportant/ Remote
N
ACC
L TA
H - High
M
x2 PET/MRI Scanning rooms 850 x2 Changing 90 Rooms
TO
LEGEND
175
PRIV ACY
O
FL
O
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Financial Info Center
DAY L VIEW IGHT/ S
R
O
NE
DAY L VIEW IGHT/ S
FOR: CHILDRENS CANCER CENTER
NEED S
CRITERIA MATRIX
IC A CCE SS
TOTAL BUILDING SF: ADJACENCY AROUND 54,120 MATRIX
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Comfortable & Private
CODE ANALYSIS
RELEVANT CODE:
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION Lobby/Reception
A-3
Sprinklered:
YES
Dining Cafe space
A-2
Egress Diagonal:
280’
Chapel/Family Services
A-3
Max Travel Distance:
200’
Administrative+ Staff office
B
Min. Egress Corridor Width:
96”
Outpatient Care Centers
B
Consult rooms / Pharmacy
B
Max Dead End Corridor Width: 20’ # of WC: 18 (9/9)
Labs/Exam Rooms
B
# of Lavatories:
8 (4/4)
Play/Rehab space
E
# of Water Fountains:
6
Inpatient Care Centers
I-2
ADA Compliant Door Size:
41.5”
Staff Break
A-3
Required Door Clearances:
Push:12”/ Pull:18”
Infusion Space
1-2
OCCUPANCY FACTOR
OCCUPANT LOAD
Lobby/Reception
15 net
Lobby/Reception
200
Dining Cafe space
200 gross
Dining Cafe space
30
Chapel/Family Services
15 net
Chapel/Family Services
56
Administrative+ Staff office
15 net
Administrative+ Staff office
12
Outpatient Care Centers
100 gross
Outpatient Care Centers
65
Consult rooms / Pharmacy
15 net
Consult rooms / Pharmacy
100
Labs/Exam Rooms
15 net
Labs/Exam Rooms
6
Play/Rehab space
35 net
Play/Rehab space
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Inpatient Care Centers
240 gross
Inpatient Care Centers
61
Staff Break
15 net
Staff Break
40
Infusion Space
100 gross
Infusion Space
51
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The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) and section 504 of the rehabilitation act require healthcare facilities to provide individuals with disabilities full and equal access to their healthcare services. Australia follows similar guidelines with the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) stating that every area and facility open to the public should be open and available to people with a disability. The number of people in the AU affected by inaccessible medical facilities and services depending on their disability are as follows: +Mobility disability= 19,937,600 +Vision disability= 6,636,900 +Hearing disability= 10,556,600 +Cognitive disability= 14,144,300
ADA IN HEALTHCARE
MAKING FACILITIES ACCESSIBLE +Provide patient scales capable of weighing a person using a mobility aid such as a wheelchair
+Provide clear floor space through corridors or when approaching sinks and shelves
+Doorways wide enough to ensure safe and accessible passage +Accessible routes of travel into and throughout building +Restrooms have adequate maneuvering space for wheelchairs around toilets and grab bars mounted next to and behind toilets +Accessible lavatories +Drinking fountains, public telephones, and service counters low enough for an individual who uses a wheelchair or scooter or is short of stature +Signage with braille and raised tactile characters +No objects protruding into routes of travel that would pose a hazard 32
MAKING EXAM ROOMS ACCESIBLE +Provide a minimum clear floor space of 30x48 inches next to exam table so that person using wheelchair can transfer onto table
+Provide a height adjustable exam table for individuals with mobility issues to ease transitition from a mobility aid to the examination surface. Allow enought space for a mobility aid to remain in the room and not interfere with the doctors circulation
+Ensure exam rooms entry provides clear floor space for a person to turn around in wheelchair or scooter
+Provide accessible counter heights throughout exam room to allow user to put items down and grab items easily from counters or shelves.
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PLAN PROTOTYPES
EMERGENCY ROOMS
CONSULT ROOM
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STAFF BREAK ROOM
CHANGING ROOM
ADA BATHROOM
PHARMACY
OFFICE
NURSES STATION
INPATIENT ROOM
EXAM ROOM
NURSES STATION
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RELATED RESEARCH
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CANCER’S IMPACT ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT According to a study by the National Institute of Health, children treated for cancer before age 4 progressed more slowly in vocabulary, cognitive functions such as attention and memory, and motor skills. This is due to the lack of physical movement, isolation from peers, and lack of education while undergoing long term treatment. In order to heal the mind and the body, it is important to consider these factors in the planning of a cancer center in order to further the growth of the child’s cognitive development while continuing treatment.
4 STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: Birth to 18-24 Months This stage is when infants develop an understanding of the world through coordinating sensory experiences (seeing, hearing) with motor actions (reaching, touching). Designing to further develop this stage would consider including textures, colors, patterns, shapes, and sounds in spaces throughout the hospital and play areas. PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: 2 to 7 years During this period, children are thinking at a symbolic level but are not yet using cognitive operations. This means the child cannot use logic or transform, combine or separate ideas. Designing to further develop this stage would consider providing different experiences that introduce objects and characters to the patient as well as a variety of spaces that allow children to adapt to different enviroments. CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: 7 to 11 years This stage is characterized by the development of organized and rational thinking. It marks the beginning of logical or operational thought and the children gain the abilities of conservation, reversibility, transivity, and inclusion.Designing to further develop this stage would consider including a discovery space where patients can learn and explore different concepts and experiemnets to further their development. FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: Ages 12 and up As adolescents enter this stage, they gain the ability to think in an abstract manner by manipulating ideas in their head. They can do mathematical calculations, think creatively, use abstract reasoning, and imagine the outcome of particular actions. Designing to further develop this stage includes considering spaces where adolecents can interact with one another and explore independently through technology or literature. 38
MATERIAL + COLOR RESEARCH MATERIALS IN HEALTHCARE Maintaining patient health is always a top priority for healthcare facilities—now more than ever. Materials used in hospitals must contribute to this priority by meeting standards of durability and cleanliness. Materials used within healthcare spaces must be analyzed for their impact, not only on the immediate patient environment but their broader environmental impact as well. That is why it is important to find products that are transparent and ecofriendly but also meet hospital sterile standards.
COLOR IN HEALTHCARE Eve Edelstein, founder and President of Innovative Design and Science, and colleagues conducted extensive research on the influence light and color have on behavior, emotion, function, cognition, circadian rhythms, and health. They found that color studies focused on the brightness and color contrast of colors were consistent with manipulating perception and a sense of spaciousness. + Color plays a large role in the perception of cleanliness. For example, dark colors show alcohol stains such as sanitizer, but lighter colors show general wear and tear more than dark. +When Edlestein asked about patients preference for colors in healthcare corridors, most children felt that they should be painted in “warm, inviting colors” and that the corridors should be a single color. +A “warm” color tone is best with low levels of illumination, and a “cooler” color tone is best with high levels of illumination
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS: RED: Evokes feelings of excitement, passion, power, and increases appetite. ORANGE: Evokes feelings of enthusiasm, energy, and happiness. YELLOW: Can evoke feelings of dullness if not used sparingly. It is considered both energetic and negative. GREEN: Evokes feelings of abundance, peace, and rest. It is refreshing, soothing, uplifting and reflects nature. BLUE: Evokes feelings of tranquility, serenity, and peace. Creates a sense of security and lowers reduces anxiety. PURPLE: Conveys wisdom and is soothing, elegant, and spiritual. PINK: Evokes feelings of calm, femininity, love and kindness. It is seen as joyful, inspiring, and creative. WHITE: Represents Innocence, purity, completion, and enlarges a space.
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WHO: Beth Krupinski
Profession: Nurse at Holy Cross Hospital Age: 55 Relation to Healthcare: Nurse for 29 years
CONSULTANT RESEARCH STUDY
KRUPINSKI’S INSIGHT Ms.Krupinski states that on a day to day basis she is involved in different protocols that require the safety and movement of patients. She describes that Holy Cross Hospital provides wide corridors with smooth flooring transitions allowing for safe and quick movement from room to room. Holy Cross Hospital offers amenities from a cafeteria, a Starbucks, and a gift shop. However, Krupinski explains these amenities are not useful to her and her peers. The gift shop is catered to guests and the cafeteria has a look and smell to it that is very unappealing. In order to reset and relax while on a busy shift, she gravitates toward finding quiet spaces like conference rooms or nooks in the lobby to unwind and socialize. During a shift, the floor Krupsinski works on in the Hospital hosts about 8 to 10 nurses. She feels currently there is not a lot of individual work space and since the pandemic, this has made some staff uncomfortable. For Ms.Krupinski, having more table space spread throughout the floor that can quickly be wheeled out or tucked away would be useful so that not all nurses have to be crammed at one station.
In her department, not only is there a lack of individual work space, but also a lack of computers and shelving space. This challenge causes her stress and discomfort due to the disorganization it creates and the fact that it inhibits her from being productive. This is something she thinks future hospitals should consider as it would increase the productivity and well-being of the nursing staff.
In Ms.Krupinskis opinion, Holy Cross Hospital offers a wide range of lighting that allows for user control and includes a variety of task and ambient lighting.
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The hospital currently has a courtyard between two buildings that provides a view of dry soil and old pipes. She suggests adding a serenity garden here to not only provide a wellness space but also allow for a more appealing view between the two buildings.
WHO: Caroline King
Profession: 8th grade teacher Age: 48 Relation to Healthcare: Daughter survived Leukemia
CONSULTANT RESEARCH STUDY
KING’S INSIGHT For Ms.King’s child, Madeline, one of the most important spaces that brought her levity was a space that “took her away from the hospital”. For Madeline, this was an art room. Ms.King describes that the soothing wall color, soft lighting, and colorfully patterned carpet all brought levity to her child and allowed her to escape the hospital for a brief moment. The art space contained numerous tables with fun seating and an employed staff to host activities. Art books could be brought to exam rooms as well.
As for exam rooms, the mauve colored wall paired with a wall pattern added some comfort and distraction to an otherwise sterile environment.
Ms.King admired that the hospital design was consistent throughout the entire facility. The hospital was comprised of a soft color scheme paired with comforting lighting that was seen throughout the space. “This was not only pleasing to look at, but I felt as though I was receiving good care because the environment was so well put together.” Ms.King explains.
Ms.King feels the environment could have benefited from wall art that incorporated stories or games to distract her daughter as she circulated through the space or while waiting in exam rooms or lobbies.
In this day and age, technology is a huge asset to our everyday lives. Ms.King emphasizes the importance of incorporating technology in hospitals to benefit patients and families. She wishes that music as well as touch screen TV’s were utilized when her child was a patient to be easily accessed in exam rooms, infusion spaces, and other overwhelming areas to provide alternative hands on distractions and user control. 41
SURVEY RESEARCH FOCUS In order to understand how design impact patients, visitors and staff comfort and well-being this survey asked questions related to lighting and materials within a healthcare facility to get a grasp for how to maximize comfort and satisfaction while staying in a hospital environment.
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USER GROUPS IN SURVEY
TOTAL PARTICIPANT SURVEY RESPONSES
HEALTHCARE CONGLOMERATE
FAMILY AND VISITORS OF PATIENTS
LONG-TERM PATIENTS OF HOSPITALS
USER GROUP DEMOGRAPHICS 18-24: 25%
MALE: 11
25-26: 17.9% 37-46: 32.1% 46-55: 14.29% AGE RANGE
FEMALE: 34
? PREFER NOT TO SAY: 1
55+: 10.7%
NURSE/DOCTOR: 53.57% PATIENT: 10% STUDENT: 10.71% OTHER: 25.7%
EMPLOYMENT 42
CHILD LIFE SPECIALIST CNA NURSE TECH ADMIN VISITOR OF PATIENT
SURVEY PERTAINING TO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Color, materials, and lighting all change the perception of an environment, and therefore alter a person’s cognitive behavior and development. The survey results answer what guests, staff, and patients generally like to see within healthcare enviroments based on their past experience that can help maintain or improve an individuals cognitive development.
RESULTS: Desired Amount of Light Control in Varying Spaces from Minimum to Maximum:
Importance of Natural Light in Varying Spaces
Max
Reception Exam Room Hallway Nurses Station Cafe
Min 1
2
3
4
5
Reception Exam Hallway Room
Nurses Cafe Station
Half of partipants prefer nuetral color tones throughout the space to combat stress and cognitive overload. Slightly less than half prefer brighter warmer tones for comfort and distraction. 2% of participants desired darker tones.
100% of participants agree that incorporating eco-friendly materials throughout the space is an important factor for their overall comfort and experience of a healthcare facility 43
WELL BUILDING STANDARDS WELL v2 The WELL Building Standard v2 establishes a method in which buildings are rated in order to advance health and well-being around the world. The certification encourages buildings and organizations to deliver more thoughtful and intentional spaces that enhance human health and well-being. Through precedent design, scientific research, and current trends, WELL v2 draws expertise from around the world to set performance standards, policies, and protocols.
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10 MAIN CONCEPTS OF WELL v2 STANDARDS
AIR: WELL Air concept aims to
SOUND: WELL Sound concept
WATER: WELL Water concept
MATERIALS: WELL Materials
LIGHT: WELL Light concept
MIND: WELL Mind concept
aims to create lighting environments that promote visual, mental and biological health.
promotes mental health through policy, program and design strategies.
MOVEMENT: WELL
COMMUNITY: WELL
achieve high levels of indoor air quality across a building’s lifetime through diverse strategies.
covers aspects of the quality, distribution and control of liquid water in a building.
Movement concept promotes physical activity in everyday life through environmental design, policies and programs.
THERMAL COMFORT: WELL Thermal Comfort concept aims to promote human productivity and provide a maximum level of thermal comfort.
aims to bolster occupant health and well-being through acoustical comfort.
concept aims to reduce human exposure to chemicals that may impact health during the construction and design of buildings.
Community concept aims to support access to essential healthcare and establish an inclusive, engaged occupant community.
NOURISHMENT: WELL
Nourishment concept requires the availability of fruits and vegetables and nutritional transparency 45
LEED FOR HEALTHCARE LEED - HC LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a voluntary point based system that covers five main areas of sustainable design including site, water, energy, materials, and indoor environmental quality. LEED- HC is a subcategory of LEED standards that contains most of the criteria under the more common LEED rating system but has a few additional elements that are specific to sustainable hospital design.
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LEED NEW CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
Connection to the natural world as in places for respite.
Connection to the natural world as in direct access for patients.
Water use reduction.
Contaminant prevention – airborne releases
Contaminant reduction strategies
Furnishing and medical furnishing
Flexible design for future adaptation.
Acoustic performance to limit background noise.
Low emitting materials.
LEED-HC prerequisites 1.Environmental Site Assessment 2.Minimal potable water use for medical equipment 3.Source reduction strategies for Mercury reduction 4.Integrated planning and design 47
SOURCES
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CASE STUDIES HKS Architects. (2021, May 13). Our lady of the Lake Children’s hospital. HKS Architects. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.hksinc.com/what-we-do/case-studies/our-lady-of-the-lake-childrens-hospital/. Seton HealthCare Network. (2017, January 13). Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas. Architectural Record RSS. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/12178-dell-childrens-medical-center-of-central-texas. Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, D. C. A. (n.d.). We’re growing with Central Texas! Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.dellchildrens.net/expansion/. Knapp, P. M. (2013, November 22). Dell Children’s medical center. SEGD. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://segd.org/dell-childrens-medical-center. Mortimer, N. (2018, November 27). Designing a cancer centre for children based on development-orientated care. Australian Design Review. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.australiandesignreview.com/interiors/ designing-cancer-centre-children-based-development-orientated-care/. Lomholt, I., & Welch, A. (2020, July 31). The Princess Máxima Center in Utrecht - e-architect. e-architect. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.e-architect.com/utrecht/the-princess-maxima-center-in-utrecht. LIAG Architects. (n.d.). Princess Máxima Center. LIAG Architecten van Geluk. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://liag.nl/en/projects/prinses-maxima-centrum-voor-kinderoncologie. Tapia, D. (2018, August 13). Princess Máxima Centre for Child Oncology / LIAG architects. ArchDaily. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/899421/princess-maxima-centre-for-child-oncology-liag-architects.
MELBOURNE, AU 2019 Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. (n.d.). Regional Weather and Climate Guide. Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, and FarmLink. SalaryExplorer. (n.d.). Average salary in Melbourne 2021. The Complete Guide. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=88&loctype=3#:~:text=Salaries%20in%20Melbourne%20range%20from%2026%2C700%20AUD%20per,other%20half%20are%20earning%20more%20 than%20110%2C000%20AUD. Invest Victoria. (2021, August 6). Greater Melbourne Demographics. Invest Victoria. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.invest.vic.gov.au/resources/statistics/greater-melbourne-demographics corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, C. (2019, March 21). Population and migration statistics in Australia. Home – Parliament of Australia. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1819/ Quick_Guides/PopulationStatistics. Victoria, c=au; o=V. (2021, November 28). Port Phillip, attraction, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Visit Victoria home. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.visitmelbourne.com/regions/Melbourne/see-and-do/Nature-and-wildlife/National-parks-and-re50
PROGRAMMING + PLANNING Accessible health care. ADA National Network. (2021, November 30). Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https:// adata.org/factsheet/accessible-health-care. Department of Justice. (2010, September 15). 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Department of Justice. Written by Emily Diviney. (2019, April 10). Navigating Healthcare Facility Code Regulations. JPT Healthcare Architects. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from http://www.jptarchs.com/navigating-healthcare-facility-code-regulations/. Victorian Guidelines for Hospitals and Day Procedure Centres (DGHDP). (2004, November 2). Design Guidelines for Hospitals and Day Procedure Centres Part E - Building Services and Enviromental Design. DHS - Department of Human Services, Victoria. The Office of Parliamentary Counsel, Canberra. (2012, January 8). Disability discrimination act 1992. Disability Discrimination Act 1992. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/details/c2013c00022.
RELEVANT RESEARCH Kenson, J. (2020, September 28). Material health in healthcare facilities - interior design. Healthcare Facilities Today. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.healthcarefacilitiestoday.com/posts/Material-Health-in-Healthcare-Facilities--25210. Bosch, S. J., Cama, R., Edlestein, E., & Malkin, J. (2012, October). The Application of Color in Healthcare Settings. Jain Malkin INC. Pallas Texttiles. Color theory basics: How to use color theory for interior design?: Foyr. Create Beautiful 3D Designs. (2021, November 23). Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://foyr.com/learn/color-theory-in-interior-design/. Voski, B., & Weiss, B. M. S. (n.d.). What Are You Going To Use : The FF&E of Healthcare Design .2 CEU Seminar. Interior Design - ED. Itani, G. (2015, April 1). Interior designs for cancer care. Health Facilities Management. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.hfmmagazine.com/articles/1522-interior-designs-for-cancer-care. Unpublished interview: Beth Krupinski, in discussion with the author, November 23, 2021 Unpublished interview: Caroline King, in discussion with the author, November 23, 2021 IWBI, I. W. E. L. L. B. I. (n.d.). WELL - Dynamic. Resilient. Validated. International Well Building Institute. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.wellcertified.com/certification/v2. LEED for Healthcare. Ross-Bain Green Building. (2019, July 15). Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www. rbgb.com/leed-for-healthcare/. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Cleverism. (2019, September 24). Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.cleverism.com/piagets-theory/. Mcleod, S. (2020, December 7). Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget’s Theory and Stages of Cognitive Development | Simply Psychology. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology. org/piaget.html. Together - Saint Jude Children’s Hospital. (2018, June). Cognitive late effects in childhood cancer survivors. St. Jude together. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://together.stjude.org/en-us/life-after-cancer/long-term-effects/cognitive-late-effects.html. 51
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