2018학년도 수능특강 B컷 문제

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr) |2강 1|

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1.

3.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 1)

All parents ① should have received a copy of information about the Westfield High School Wildfire Action Plan sent home with students at the start of the year. It is vital that all students and staff know what to do ② we should face a wildfire. The seriousness of this plan has been ③ carefully explained to all students. The weather conditions for the start of this year have been quite mild, but the risk of fire has still been extreme, ④ making it critical that all students and staff know what to do. The whole school rehearsed our evacuation to the Edenville Sports Centre, the designated “wildfire refuge” in a wildfire situation, and emergency lockdown procedures during the first week of school. The students were impressive with a mature and serious approach to the drills and should ⑤ be praised for this. *lockdown 통제

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않 은 것은? 3)

Our relationships with friends are very different from those with parents and siblings. Unlike family relationships, particularly adult-child relationships, peer relationships are based on a degree of ① inequality between the participants. This allows ② more negotiation of the terms of the relationship. Also, unlike family relations, which one cannot pick and choose, peer relationships can be relatively easily established and just as easily ③ destroyed. Our parents and siblings are generally stuck with us whether they or we like it or not.

But there is always the ④ danger that friends, if we say or do something that hurts or annoys them, will declare, ‘I’m not your friend any more.’ Children therefore need to make much more of an effort to ⑤ strengthen and maintain relationships with their peers than with their siblings and parents — or any other adult, for that matter.

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2.

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

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2)

4.

At Metro Bank we try to provide banking facilities of the highest quality in order to accurately meet our customers’ needs. To do this it is essential that we listen to what our customers have to say. We would like you to help us by giving us your opinion of Metro Bank’s services. We are asking an independent market research company, MIC Limited, to interview a number of customers over the next few weeks. MIC Limited is a reliable company, and your individual responses will be kept completely confidential. They will be conducting the interviews by telephone, so an interviewer may telephone you at some point over the next few weeks. Because MIC Limited will choose who to interview, you might not be contacted at all. If you are, we would value your contribution and hope you will be able to help us if asked. ① making a request for MIC choosing who to interview ② listening to customer's requirement for shopping ③ request of an interview with customers directly to Metro Bank ④ asking for granting an interview for customer's opinion ⑤ request of keeping a secret about personal information

본 자료는 도서출판 공터에서 제작하였습니다.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않 은 것은? 4)

It is not just the newness of contemporary literature that makes it different, but also the ① context in which it is written and received, something which gives it a very interesting edge over the literature of the past. Because of globalization, one can expect many more ② shared references in contemporary literature with regard to history, media and cultural icons, mixed, as a rule, with local or national references. It can ③ easily be held that writers like the Canadian Douglas Coupland and the Japanese Haruki Murakami have more in ④ uncommon with each other than with the literary traditions in which they grew up, because contemporary music, television and other media have had such a ⑤ significant influence on their work, both formally and thematically, and these are influences to which many writers of the past did not have access.

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무단복제 및 전송은 마음껏 하세요! 오타와 오류에 대해서 절대 책임지지 않습니다.ㅋㅋㅋ

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|2강 4|

5.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?5)

The job outlook for newspaper reporters is mixed.

Newspapers, especially large city editions, face a number of trying factors such as declining readership, poor advertising revenues, and stiff competition with other forms of media, most notably multimedia. In reaction, many newspapers now offer online editions of their publications. ① The bottom line with newspapers rests on the advertising-to-editorial-content ratio, which is dependent on the health of the economy. ② Many businesses reduce their spending on advertising when the economy is poor. ③ During severe recessions, reporters’ jobs are among the first to go. Competition for jobs with large city papers will be fierce; experienced graduates, with completed internships, will fare well. ④ Writing opportunities for minorities will increase to better reflect the diverse communities served by newspapers. ⑤ Because the population growth of the suburbs is expected to continue, the number of suburban dailies and weeklies will decrease to meet the demand for local news, creating jobs for less experienced reporters or those who prefer working for a smaller paper. *recession 불경기, 불황

|2강 6|

7.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 7)

Contemporary reading and writing practices are transforming before our eyes. Interactive reading and writing now increasingly engage us. One can read together with others remotely, ① commenting between the virtual lines and in the margins, reading each other’s comments instantaneously, composing documents together in real time by adding words or sentences to ② those just composed by one’s collaborators. The lines between one’s own words and those of another’s – let alone between whole sentences – ③ become quickly blurred.

Hyperlinking has encouraged reading not just within and then between discrete texts but much more robustly across texts, inter-referencing and interweaving insights and lines of referencing. How texts relate, as a consequence, ④ has become dramatically magnified, making visible ⑤ that hitherto has been hidden largely from view.

|2강 7|

8.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳 은?8)

|2강 5|

6.

In the social sciences, that may be easier said than done.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않 은 것은? 6)

Blue may be the most preferred colour but in many circumstances, for example in food colouring, people would be opposed to blue, and in other circumstances, for example, the preferred colour of cars, blue would be ① less popular than other colours, such as red. One reason for this is that colours have meanings that influence preferences in particular ② contexts. Black is a popular colour for certain items of clothing — ‘the little black dress’ — but a black shirt may have ③ unacceptable political connotations for people over a certain age.

Perhaps people have a mental image of the ideal colour for different kinds of foods and advertisers can make use of these images by arranging the lighting in colour photographs or in supermarket displays to ④ enhance the desirability of the products. Items whose colours ⑤ suited from the ideal would be judged unappealing even if the same colour was liked in the abstract or in another context. *connotation 함축, 내포

본 자료는 도서출판 공터에서 제작하였습니다.

Based on our biases in Western culture, we generally presume that all actions have an antecedent cause. Things do not just happen; it is not a random world, so all things have a cause. ① Our primary objective is to find and establish that relationship. ② It is very difficult to be value-free; we come with a great deal of cultural bias and can easily misinterpret or unknowingly manipulate facts. ③ We do not have the luxury of working with petri dishes or chemical interactions. ④ Human behavior may be highly unpredictable; our subjects have free will, and our models may not be applicable in various situations. ⑤ For example, our American model of the nuclear family (spouses and children) is less accurate than the more universal model (mother and child) when it comes to understanding family relationships and composition in many societies. *antecedent 선행의 **petri dish 페트리 접시(세균 배양 따위에 쓰이는 실험용 접시)

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무단복제 및 전송은 마음껏 하세요! 오타와 오류에 대해서 절대 책임지지 않습니다.ㅋㅋㅋ

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|2강 7|

9.

|2강 8|

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳

11.

은?9)

Human behavior may be highly unpredictable; our subjects have free will, and our models may not be applicable in various situations.

Based on our biases in Western culture, we generally presume that all actions have an antecedent cause. Things do not just happen; it is not a random world, so all things have a cause. ① Our primary objective is to find and establish that relationship. ② In the social sciences, that may be easier said than done. ③ It is very difficult to be value-free; we come with a great deal of cultural bias and can easily misinterpret or unknowingly manipulate facts. ④ We do not have the luxury of working with petri dishes or chemical interactions. ⑤ For example, our American model of the nuclear family (spouses and children) is less accurate than the more universal model (mother and child) when it comes to understanding family relationships and composition in many societies.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 11)

Advertisers seek to reach a target audience consisting of those consumers most likely to be influenced ① favorably by their messages. Mass media such as broadcast television are extremely effective in reaching large, relatively ② fluid audiences. Such media are ③ useful vehicles for advertisers selling products such as soap, clothes, foodstuffs, or retail services that nearly every household might use. Broadcast television is ④ inefficient, however, for advertisers seeking small or specialized target audiences, such as potential buyers of expensive antiques. An antique dealer seeks to reach potential customers who are both geographically ⑤ concentrated near the dealer’s location and suitable in terms of income and taste. Such an advertiser would use certain periodicals, local newspapers, flyers, and, where available, direct-mail advertising.

*antecedent 선행의 **petri dish 페트리 접시(세균 배양 따위에 쓰이는 실험용 접시)

|3강 2|

12.

|2강 8|

10.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?10)

Advertisers seek to reach a target audience ① consisted of those consumers most likely to be influenced favorably by their messages. Mass media such as broadcast television ② are extremely effective in reaching large, relatively undifferentiated audiences. Such media are useful vehicles for advertisers selling products such as soap, clothes, foodstuffs, or retail services that nearly every household might use. Broadcast television is inefficient, however, for advertisers ③ seeking small or specialized target audiences, such as potential buyers of expensive antiques. An antique dealer seeks to reach potential customers who are both geographically concentrated near the dealer’s location and ④ suitable in terms of income and taste. Such an advertiser would use certain periodicals, local newspapers, flyers, and, ⑤ where available, direct-mail advertising.

본 자료는 도서출판 공터에서 제작하였습니다.

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 12)

Mozart, one of the best-known composers, made enough money to live a good life. However, he was not smart enough to manage his income, and he died a poor man. (A)________ most average people manage their finances well. Albert Einstein was a poor communicator and had difficulty in articulating his thoughts, despite his profoundly superb intelligence. Thus, we see that when a person enjoys an unusual amount of intelligence or talent in one field, it is usually confined to that particular field.

(B)________, not only are all humans not equally intelligent, but those who are truly intelligent are also not equally as intelligent in every field. Examples such as Leonardo da Vinci, who enjoyed talent in many different fields, are very rare exceptions to the rule. *articulate 분 명하게 표현하다

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① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) Yet So Yet So Yet

(B) Nonetheless Thus Thus Nonetheless In contrast

무단복제 및 전송은 마음껏 하세요! 오타와 오류에 대해서 절대 책임지지 않습니다.ㅋㅋㅋ

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|3강 4|

13.

15.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 13)

When it comes to ① deal with relational challenges wisely, the starting point is always your relationship with yourself. If you don’t have self-awareness and an appreciation of ② who you are as a human being, you’ll find that your relationships are going to be fraught with frustrations. By understanding your own reactions and ‘‘hot buttons,’’ you can better understand others. By knowing your most characteristic way of dealing with all your life’s issues and challenges, you’ll get a better picture of ③ how your personal orientation mixes with the orientations of others. You’ll know ④ why you get along with certain types of people and not with others.

You’ll know why certain people ⑤ drive you up the wall while you find others a delight. *fraught 가득한

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14.

|3강 6| 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?15)

Both are clearly lacking today.

The most pressing task may lie in the issue of climate change. Long before fossil fuels run out, we’ll have to face up to the consequences of using these fuels. Global warming will be a much greater threat in 20 years than it is today. ① Changes in the atmosphere have never occurred as rapidly as they do now. ② Our current tools and social structures are not sufficiently effective for us to manage the climate or to prosper in hostile surroundings. ③ We must either learn how to change the climate in our favor or develop technologies that will enable us to survive in different environments. ④ The development of science and technology in these areas should therefore be given the highest priority. ⑤ If we manage to solve these problems in the decades ahead, we have grounds for hoping that our descendants will also survive into the distant future.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 14)

One approach to human-wildlife conflicts is to create preserves, wildlife refuges, or parks ① which human impact on wildlife is minimized. Although this approach is well intended, ② it does little to resolve human-wildlife conflicts because societal demands for natural resources are so great that only a small fraction of the environment can ever be set aside in parks. There is also the problem that wildlife may not respect our boundary lines and will not stay inside parks. In fact, the vast majority of wildlife ③ live outside parks — the same place people live. Wildlife populations thrive in our most densely settled cities. Clearly, if human-wildlife conflicts are going to be resolved, ways must be found for humans and wildlife ④ to coexist harmoniously without either ⑤ having an adverse impact on the other.

본 자료는 도서출판 공터에서 제작하였습니다.

|3강 8|

16.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 16)

Parents must teach their only child to be an attention giver or else they become ① complicit in raising a child who believes attention getting is what matters most.

Sometimes parents believe that if they model attention giving to the only child, from their example, attention giving is what the child will learn. Unfortunately, a more common outcome of their ② beneficence is for the child to become an attention getter instead. As one mother of an only child wrote: “Only children who don’t develop good listening skills may grow up believing that what they have to say is ③ more important than what anyone else has to say. Even though we may enjoy listening to our only child, they should hear us as well. The child who continually ④ interrupts adults or always has to draw attention to herself is a child who isn’t thinking enough about those around her.” If she grows up with this priority in mind, she may be ⑤ “well-conducted” for later relationships.

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무단복제 및 전송은 마음껏 하세요! 오타와 오류에 대해서 절대 책임지지 않습니다.ㅋㅋㅋ

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr) |4강 4|

|4강 2|

17.

19.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 17)

The vast library of data about you is being supplemented all the time. This advance was made possible by computers that can capture and store all of this data, and especially by the sudden drop in the price of data-storage capacity through the early 2000s.

(A) It is easy to see a list of all advance ticket purchasers for the concert next Saturday, or who checked into the gym on Saturday, and then to further process this list by gender, age, income level, or zip code to find exactly the class of person you seek.

(B) But computers have also allowed other changes that increase your vulnerability and the value of information about you.

(C) Not only is this new data stored electronically but it also resides in searchable databases that allow collectors to make useful lists of the types of data that interest them. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?19)

This is a cultural prejudice.

Most of us are embarrassed to admit that our opinions can be strongly affected by an appeal to our emotions. ① We tend to take pride in our rationality and feel a bit ashamed of our emotions, as if rationality were more likely to be right and the emotions commensurately apt to be wrong. ② Where rationality is concerned, we feel in control; where emotions dominate, we feel out of control, as if our emotions have a life of their own and are even somewhat alien to us. ③ Our emotions, no less than our faculty of reason, are part of us, and there is nothing abnormal or regrettable, let alone shameful, about being moved by emotion. ④ In fact, very few of the major decisions we make are based purely on reason or purely on emotion. ⑤ Even the most rational of decisions typically have an important emotional component, and many emotionally motivated decisions are quite reasonable. *commensurately 비례하여, 상응하여

|4강 3|

18.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 18)

20.

Modern American society differs from traditional societies in the number, source, and claimed function of toys. American toy manufacturers heavily promote so-called educational toys ① to encourage so-called creative play. American parents ② are taught to believe that manufactured store-bought toys are important to the development of their children. In contrast, traditional societies have few or no toys, and any toys that ③ do exist are made either by the child itself or by the child’s parents. An American friend who spent his childhood in rural Kenya told me that some of his Kenyan friends were very inventive, and used sticks and string to build their own small cars with wheels and axles. When he returned as a teenager to the United States and watched American children ④ playing with their plastic ready-made store-bought toys, he gained the impression ⑤ which American children are less creative than Kenyan children. *axle 차축

본 자료는 도서출판 공터에서 제작하였습니다.

|4강 5| 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 20)

A great change ① occurred with the arrival of the phonograph.

Recorded music privatized and decontextualized ② what had often been a social event — and church music or sailors’ songs could now be heard while dressing in the morning, while Beethoven was transformed into “wall paper.” At its simplest level music was heard, but performers were no longer seen.

Sounds of all sorts could thus be integrated into everyday life as a kind of aural background — but ③ more often to enhance a mood or decorate some setting than as a focused object of attention. Claude Debussy in 1913 fretted that recorded music could be bought as ④ easy as “one can buy a glass of beer.” And with no hint of irony, the first issue of Gramophone (1923) called for listening to recorded music ⑤ while shaving. *decontextualize 탈맥락화하다, 상황[맥락]에서 떼어 놓다 **fret 걱정하다

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무단복제 및 전송은 마음껏 하세요! 오타와 오류에 대해서 절대 책임지지 않습니다.ㅋㅋㅋ

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|4강 7|

21.

|5강 3|

23.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 21)

Clearly, danced rituals did not seem like a waste of energy to prehistoric peoples.

(A) Thus anthropologist Victor Turner’s attribution of danced ritual to an occasional, marginal, or liminal status seems especially unjustified in the prehistoric case — and more representative of the production-oriented mentality of our own industrial age than of prehistoric priorities.

Surely these people knew hardship and were often threatened by food shortages, disease, and wild animals.

(B) They took the time to fashion masks and costumes; they joyfully burned calories in the execution of the dance; they preferred to record these scenes over any other group activity.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 23)

Finally, as the hour of the broadcast grew closer, Mike took his place with the other contestants and was as ① joyful as a child on Christmas morning at seeing how one of his favorite shows got put on the air. He almost didn’t know what to say when Bandstand’s youthful host Dick Clark shook his hand along with all ② the others contestants as he wished them all good luck. Dick then directed them towards the makeup area. When Mike arrived there he saw the two Nelson siblings, David and Ricky, ③ sitting in the chairs there ahead of them. They were having themselves ④ groomed to theatrical perfection. One of the other boys there murmured that they were going to be the judges of the contest. This made Mike ⑤ feel happy because he was sure that they would understand and appreciate his song and would pick him as the clear-cut winner. *groom 몸단장을 하다

(C) But ritual, of a danced and possibly ecstatic nature, was central to their lives. Perhaps only because our own lives, so much easier in many ways, are also so constrained by the imperative to work, we have to wonder why. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A) |5강 4|

24.

|5강 1|

22.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 22)

He played with that child, the whole day long, and they were very merry. The sky was so blue, the sun was so bright, the water was so ①sparkling, the leaves were so green, and the flowers were so lovely. Everything ② was beautiful. This was in fine weather. When it rained, they loved to watch the falling drops and ③to smell the fresh scents. When it blew, it was delightful to listen to the wind. But, when it snowed, that was best of all because they liked to look up at the white flakes ④ fallen fast and thick, like down from the breasts of millions of white birds, to see how ⑤smooth and deep the drift was, and to listen to the hush upon the paths and roads. *drift (특히 눈이 바람에 휩쓸려 쌓인) 더미

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

24)

The ① highly competitive global marketplace of today has convinced employers they can no longer survive, let alone thrive, with a workforce of average performers. So ② what they want — what they’re desperate to find — are those people who can and will excel in their jobs.

They are searching for the elusive ‘persons of talent’.

Advances in technology have made the job search an efficient yet impersonal process. Our personality ③ is overshadowed and our life and accomplishments are reduced to our resume — a couple sheets of paper that can be rejected with just one click. On top of all that, we face increasing pressure to pursue a career that we’re passionate about but ④ receive no advice on how to get there. We are left searching for utopia, ⑤ felt empty and unfulfilled by what we have. *elusive 찾기 어려운

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E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|6강 2|

25.

|6강 4|

27.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 25)

Laughter ① resulting from humor shows itself when people find themselves in an unfavorable situation, for which they generally would have felt anger and/or fear, and the detection of incongruent elements allows them ② to watch it from a different perspective. In this instance, thus, laughter comes from the release of energies generally associated with negative feelings, but that in the specific situation, thanks to the change of perspective, can ③ be expressed as laughter of relief. Humor, in this perspective, represents a defense mechanism that allows people to better handle difficult and stressful life situations. Freud even describes this humor as “the highest of the defense mechanisms.” This self-defense mechanism — differently from the ability to understand jokes, which ④ are very widespread — does not present itself in every human being. Actually, some individuals are able to see the funny and positive side of a certain situation, while others, even in the same circumstances, react ⑤ showing negative feelings. *incongruent 일치하지 않는

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?27)

Women’s lower contribution to the household’s income can mean that they receive less money for themselves and consume fewer household resources, which can lead to poverty.

For government policy to assume that young women can rely on others for financial support is dangerous. ① Firstly, some young women do not receive support from their families, either because they are not in contact with them or because their families cannot, or do not want to, support them financially. ② Secondly, living in the same house as a partner or family member does not mean that a young woman is receiving her fair share of the household’s resources. ③ Thirdly, financial dependence means a young woman is always at risk of experiencing poverty if support is withdrawn or a relationship ends. ④ Young women need an adequate income of their own from work or the social security system. ⑤ Many of the most vulnerable young women are not in work or able to access work easily and so do not receive this.

|6강 3|

26.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

|6강 5|

26)

28.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 28)

① Given all the drawbacks and disadvantages of

electronic documents, why not just stick with paper? The best way of answering that question is to look back on the one other occasion in human history when a writing medium was replaced. To societies accustomed ② to writing on stone or clay, paper ③ must have seemed terribly short-lived stuff, vulnerable to fire and water, with inscribed marks that all too easily smudged or faded away. And yet paper prevailed. Moses’ tablets were stone, but the story of Moses was told on paper. The economic incentives were just too powerful ④ to ignore: with paper, information became far cheaper to record, to store and to transport. Exactly the same considerations argue ⑤ that a transition to paperless, electronic writing is now inevitable. *smudge 번지다

Consumers may care about more than just price and quality when ① buying a good. Kysar argues that consumers often have preferences about how a good is produced, in particular about ② whether the production process conforms to basic environmental standards or labor regulations. For example, people may prefer to buy an otherwise identical shoe when the production process respects certain worker rights. If by buying a good consumers satisfy not only material needs but also the self-image of a conscious consumer, ③ this makes a case for the mandatory provision of the relevant process information to consumers. Reliable knowledge about the characteristics of a good’s production process helps consumers ④ to purchase according to their procedural preferences; the resulting “political” consumption choice can even substitute for uniform regulations ⑤ enacting in the political process. *mandatory 의무적인

- 7 -

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|6강 6|

29.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?29)

To the Hippocratic physician, the fundamental principle of his art was the concept that nature seeks to maintain a condition of stability; its forces are constantly adjusting and readjusting the normal parts of the body to preserve a balance among them.

(A) When this balance exists, we are healthy. Under any of a variety of influences, the equilibrium may be disturbed, resulting in one part’s appearing in excess.

(B) When this happens, sickness develops, the particular disease depending primarily upon which substance has gained the ascendancy. It is the function of the physician to help nature restore the state of equilibrium.

(C) Since each disease has a distinctive natural course of its own, the physician must make himself so familiar with it that he can predict the sequence of events and know whether and precisely when to intervene with treatment that will help nature to do its work. *equilibrium 평형 (상태) **ascendancy 지배력을 행사할 수

|6강 7|

31.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 31)

How will we know when we have achieved sustainable tourism? The definition of sustainability as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs ① compels us to face tomorrow’s challenge today. The diversity and complexity of tourism in developed and developing countries ② means that there is no perfect or easy formula for achieving sustainable tourism. The increase in tourism globally has also fostered ③ to be shared experiences of successes and failures. The work of governments, NGOs, communities in the planning and implementation of tourism ④ has been supported by ongoing research and analysis. Such collaborations, as well as continuing innovation and monitoring, are integral to the goal of achieving sustainable tourism. This is a challenging goal and one ⑤ that only a dynamic and ever-changing industry, such as global tourism, can face and conquer. *compel 강요하다

있는 위치 |6강 7|

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

32.

곳은? 32)

|6강 7|

30.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

The work of governments, NGOs, communities in the planning and implementation of tourism has been supported by ongoing research and analysis.

곳은?30)

Such collaborations, as well as continuing innovation and monitoring, are integral to the goal of achieving sustainable tourism.

How will we know when we have achieved sustainable tourism? ① The definition of sustainability as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs compels us to face tomorrow’s challenge today. ② The diversity and complexity of tourism in developed and developing countries means that there is no perfect or easy formula for achieving sustainable tourism. ③ The increase in tourism globally has also fostered sharing experiences of successes and failures. ④ The work of governments, NGOs, communities in the planning and implementation of tourism has been supported by ongoing research and analysis. ⑤ This is a challenging goal and one that only a dynamic and ever-changing industry, such as global tourism, can face and conquer. *compel 강요하다

How will we know when we have achieved sustainable tourism? ① The definition of sustainability as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs compels us to face tomorrow’s challenge today. ② The diversity and complexity of tourism in developed and developing countries means that there is no perfect or easy formula for achieving sustainable tourism. ③ The increase in tourism globally has also fostered sharing experiences of successes and failures. ④ Such collaborations, as well as continuing innovation and monitoring, are integral to the goal of achieving sustainable tourism. ⑤ This is a challenging goal and one that only a dynamic and ever-changing industry, such as global tourism, can face and conquer.

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*compel 강요하다

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|6강 8|

33.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

|7강 1|

35. 다음

곳은? 33)

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 35)

There are many older people who are capable of making radical leaps in their ability.

Many proverbs contain germs of truth, and some are indeed profound, but they aren’t reliable sources of knowledge and can be misleading. ① For example, take the saying ‘You can’t teach an old dog new tricks’. ② This isn’t true of all dogs, and certainly isn’t true of all human beings. ③ This is not to deny the effects of ageing. The point is that what is roughly true, that as we get older it becomes harder to learn new behaviour, is not true for everyone in every respect. ④ At most the saying captures the idea that it may be difficult to change the ways of an older person. ⑤ However, the saying implies that you can never teach any older person anything new, which is a hasty generalisation and one which is fairly obviously false.

A tree is a huge biomass that affects everything around it. By its sheer size it provides homes for many creatures and insects, all of which also use it for food. These creatures often ① distribute the seeds of the tree in return. The roots have fungi that ② benefit the soil, and trunks and leaves provide shelter from the wind. Even more importantly, the tree changes the temperature and climate around itself. A large oak tree can ③ release through evaporation 40,000 gallons of water per year. Not only is this critical for the earth’s water cycle, but it also ④ warms the surrounding air and helps rainfall. On top of all of this, the structures of the tree ⑤ store water in the canopy and bark, and from there water runs off down to the plants and soil below. *fungus 균류, 곰팡이류 (pl. fungi) **canopy (숲의 나뭇가지들이) 지붕 모양으로 우거진 것

|7강 2|

|7강 1|

34. 주어진

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?34)

36. 주어진

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

36)

A tree is a huge biomass that affects everything around it. By its sheer size it provides homes for many creatures and insects, all of which also use it for food.

(A) Even more importantly, the tree changes the temperature and climate around itself. A large oak tree can release through evaporation 40,000 gallons of water per year. Not only is this critical for the earth’s water cycle, but it also cools the surrounding air and helps rainfall.

(B) On top of all of this, the structures of the tree store water in the canopy and bark, and from there water runs off down to the plants and soil below.

(C) These creatures often distribute the seeds of the tree in return. The roots have fungi that benefit the soil, and trunks and leaves provide shelter from the wind. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

Advertisers have hit on one particularly effective way of seeming to argue against their own interests.

(A) When jurors heard an attorney bring up a weakness in his own case first, jurors assigned him more honesty and were more favorable to his overall case in their final verdicts because of that perceived honesty.

(B) They mention a minor weakness or drawback of their product in the ads promoting it. That way, they create a perception of honesty from which they can be more persuasive about the strengths of the product.

Advertisers are not alone in the use of this tactic.

(C) Attorneys are taught to “steal the opponent’s thunder” by mentioning a weakness in their case before the opposing lawyer does, thereby establishing a perception of honesty in the eyes of jury members.

Experiments have demonstrated that this tactic works. *verdict (배심원단의) 평결 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

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② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

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|7강 2|

37. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞은 곳은?

|7강 4|

39. (A),

(B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장

적절한 것은? 39)

37)

Experiments have demonstrated that this tactic works.

Advertisers have hit on one particularly effective way of seeming to argue against their own interests. (①) They mention a minor weakness or drawback of their product in the ads promoting it. (②) That way, they create a perception of honesty from which they can be more persuasive about the strengths of the product. (③) Advertisers are not alone in the use of this tactic. (④) Attorneys are taught to “steal the opponent’s thunder” by mentioning a weakness in their case before the opposing lawyer does, thereby establishing a perception of honesty in the eyes of jury members. (⑤) When jurors heard an attorney bring up a weakness in his own case first, jurors assigned him more honesty and were more favorable to his overall case in their final verdicts because of that perceived honesty. *verdict (배심원단의) 평결

When people don’t trust their own judgments, they look to others for evidence of how to choose correctly. This self-doubt may come about because the situation is (A)[ambiguous / obvious], as it was in a classic series of experiments conducted by the Turkish social psychologist Muzafer Sherif. Sherif projected a dot of light on the wall of a darkened room and asked subjects to indicate how much the light moved while they watched it.

Actually, the light never moved at all, but because of an optical (B)[reality / illusion] the autokinetic effect, it seemed to shift constantly about, although to a different extent for each subject. When participants announced their movement estimates in groups, these estimates were strongly influenced by what the other group members estimated; nearly everyone changed toward the group average. Sherif concluded that when there’s no objectively correct response, people are likely to (C)[doubt / trust] themselves and thus are especially likely to assume that the group must be right. *optical illusion 착시

|7강 3|

38. 다음

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 38)

Technological advances have increased exposure to new food choices by allowing food products to be distributed from one continent to another while ① reducing the risk of spoilage and contamination. Before the nineteenth century, the only methods available for preserving meat were drying, salting, and smoking, none of ② which were entirely practical since large quantities of food could not be processed or preserved for very long. The canning process was developed in 1809 and was a product of the Napoleonic wars; the process allowed heat-sterilized food ③ to be stored for longer periods of time without spoiling. Further methods of processing in the twentieth century involved dehydrating, freezing, and treating with ultrahigh temperatures, ④ increased shelf life, convenience, and variety of food products. In addition, refrigeration, vacuum packing, fast freezing, etc. ensured ⑤ that seasonal items would be available year-round in economically developed societies. *heat-sterilized 가열 살균 처리된 **dehydrating 탈수 건조

(A) ambiguous ambiguous obvious obvious obvious

(B) reality illusion reality illusion reality

(C) doubt doubt doubt trust trust |7강 5|

40. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은? 40)

Programs that offer ① minimal training to musicians with performance degrees in an attempt to make them instant teachers do not adequately prepare those performers for the life of a professional educator. Not only is their expertise ② narrowly defined, but they often lack any concept of how to interact with or inspire young musicians. They may ③ justify the challenges they experience by blaming students for “not wanting to learn”. Similarly, they do not have experience with or understand the nature and structure of schools. Further ④ clarifying this scenario is the fact that administrators typically lack the skill and knowledge required to properly supervise music teaching and programs. While excellence is usually easy to recognize, it is much more ⑤ difficult for administrators to identify mediocre or poor programs in music and provide the necessary guidance and assistance to bring about needed improvement. *mediocre 보통밖에 안 되는

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|7강 6|

41. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A),

43. 주어진

(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?41)

Wrapped up in the idea of embracing failure is the related notion of breaking things to make them better — particularly complex things. Often the only way to improve a complex system is to examine its limits by forcing it to fail in various ways. Software, among the most complex things we make, is usually tested for quality by employing engineers to systematically find ways to crash it. (A)___________, one way to troubleshoot a complicated device that’s broken is to deliberately force negative results (temporary breaks) in its multiple functions in order to locate the actual dysfunction. Great engineers have a respect for breaking things that sometimes surprises nonengineers, just as scientists have a patience with failures that often puzzles outsiders. (B)___________ the habit of embracing negative results is one of the most essential tricks to gaining success. *troubleshoot 고장을 수리하다 *dysfunction 기능 장애

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) In addition In addition For example Similarly Similarly

|7강 8|

(B) Instead However On the other hand Instead However

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은? 43)

When an underwater object is seen from outside the water, its appearance becomes distorted. This is because refraction changes the direction of the light rays that come from the object.

(A) When one looks at a straw in a glass of water, light rays from the part of the straw that is underwater refract at the surfaces between the water and the glass and between the glass and the air.

(B) The rays appear to come from closer to the surface than they are, and the straw looks bent. If the straw were viewed from underwater, the part above water would be distorted.

(C) When these rays enter the eyes of an observer, nerves in the eyes send signals to the observer’s brain.

The brain then constructs a picture based on where the rays appear to have come from. It does this without accounting for the effects of refraction, so the object’s appearance is distorted. *refraction 굴절 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|8강 1|

44. 다음 |7강 7|

42. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 42)

Imagination and creativity are the gate keys of fantasy role-playing. If students cannot imagine themselves ① engaged by the fantasy world described to them, then the game cannot get off the ground. The students exercise their imagination and creativity in countless ways, from taking on the role of their ② assigned characters to interacting with other creatures and alien environments. In every case, what is minimally called for is imaginative flexibility in order to react ③ appropriately to the multiple situations the students encounter, while ④ looking ahead to the consequences of various actions and decisions. This means that fantasy role-playing provides an ideal environment to cultivate and test the productive use of imagination, ⑤ utilize it to enliven the fantasy narrative, envision alternatives, and empathize with others.

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 44)

Quinta did not remember her brother Johnny and knew only what her mother Laura ① had told her. But she had grown up in her devoted father’s care and protection and she had been so ② sad when he passed away. She and her mother had mourned together and the bond between them had strengthened. Mother had supported her through her sorrow; without her Quinta did not know what she ③ would have done. Who was to help her now? She had lost the person most dear to her and she had no one to share her grief. She felt so isolated and abandoned. No one had loved her as her mother ④ did. Now Laura had been taken from her there was no one ⑤ left who truly loved her. A forlorn despair overtook her sense of loss.

She was completely alone. *forlorn 허망한, 비참한

*empathize 공감하다

- 11 -

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|8강 1|

45. 다음

|8강 4|

47. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 45)

Quinta did not remember her brother Johnny and knew only ① that her mother Laura had told her. But she had grown up in her ② devoted father’s care and protection and she had been so sad when he passed away. She and her mother had mourned together and the bond between them had strengthened. Mother had supported her through her sorrow; without her Quinta did not know what she would have done. Who was ③ to help her now? She had lost the person most dear to her and she had no one to share her grief. She felt so isolated and abandoned. No one had loved her as her mother had and now Laura ④ had been taken from her there was no one left who truly loved her. A forlorn despair overtook her sense of loss.

She was ⑤ completely alone. *forlorn 허망한, 비참한

밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 47)

At an early age, Alexander was fearful that the shadow ① cast by his father Philip would eclipse his own ambitions. He was incapable of sharing in Philip’s glory and became determined from the beginning to make his own mark. His father was said ② to be “a man without precedent in Europe.” In war and peace, battles and celebrations, Philip was extraordinarily energetic and exhibited a unique personality. These qualities, ③ coupled with his intelligence and courage, and his succession of unparalleled victories on the battlefield, ④ making him a folk hero among Macedonians. He was the defender of his country, a brave warrior, and the idol of his battle-scarred veterans. Alexander would have to demonstrate ⑤ that he, too, was a man of singular distinction. Furthermore, he had to show the world that he was not merely the equal of, but actually superior to, his famous father. *eclipse 무색하게 하다 **without precedent 전례 없는

|8강 2|

46. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 46)

When counsellor John Cooke calmly picked up and placed the piece of paper ① thrown by Mr. Crass on the counter, he indicated that, unlike Crass, he was going to act in a socially appropriate manner. John’s controlled behavior subtly suggested to Crass that the piece of paper ② was important to both of them. He allowed Crass to continue to rant and rave because he was not going to respond to an attempt at personal contact until Crass ③ had said what was on his mind. John understood that he had an issue and the right to express it. ④ That the meeting went wrong was not important because Crass was not going to listen to issues of social convention. Mr. Crass clearly wanted to express his anger and contempt to someone and John recognized that he was going to be that someone. It was not a pleasant administrative task, but it was one of the roles ⑤ which he had been hired. *rant and rave 고래고래 악을 쓰다

|9강 2|

48. (A),(B),(C)의

각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장

적절한 것은? 48)

Alvin Ailey Jr. was born on January 5, 1931, in Rogers, Texas. After the Great Depression Ailey followed his mother to Los Angeles, California, (A)[which / where] he studied dance at Lester Horton’s school in 1949. He joined the Horton Dance Company in 1953, and he assumed the role of artistic director when Horton died that year. Ailey formed his own troupe, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in 1958. In 1965 Ailey took his troupe on one of the most successful European tours ever (B)[made / was made] by an American dance company.

It was held over for six weeks in London to accommodate the demand for tickets, and in Hamburg it received an unprecedented sixty-one curtain calls. A German critic called this performance “a triumph of sweeping, violent beauty, a furious spectacle. The stage vibrates. One has never seen anything like it.” In 1970 Ailey’s company became the first American modern dance troupe to (C)[tour / touring] the Soviet Union. *troupe 공연단 **unprecedented 전례가 없는

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

- 12 -

(A) which which where where where

(B) made was made made was made made

(C) tour touring touring touring tour

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|9강 6|

49. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

|11강 2|

51. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 51)

지 않은 것은? 49)

Owen Williams was born in London in 1890. He studied engineering at the University of London. He ① qualified as an engineer in 1911 and a year later joined the Trussed Concrete and Steel Company, for which he worked as an assistant engineer prior to establishing his own ② practice in 1918. Three years later, he was appointed consulting engineer to the British Empire Exhibition, a ③ commission that included the design of several large exhibition buildings together with a swimming pool and a sports stadium for 125,000 spectators at Wembley. It was a turning point in his career. The buildings, which made extensive use of reinforced concrete, were completed in record time, and, after the exhibition opened in 1924, Williams was knighted in ④ recognition of his achievements. He subsequently became a ⑤ disqualified architect and in 1930 was appointed to design a large new manufacturing complex for a wide range of pharmaceutical products for Boots of Nottingham. *pharmaceutical 제약의

Do you know people who have plenty of ideas but don’t follow through? These people need ① collaborators to help them implement. What about artists who paint masterpieces that nobody sees? They need a collaborator to help them ② promote themselves. Then there are inventors who need help protecting their ideas; entrepreneurs who need help gaining ③ capital, or composers who need help with lyrics. Working together allows for different points of view and sparks new ideas.

It’s not enough to be a lone innovator. Good ideas can be made into great ideas when we ④ restrict each other’s specialized expertise. In fact, venture capitalists say the most important quality they look for in businesses isn’t the ideas but the teams. Look for partners who don’t duplicate your skills but ⑤ complement them. *expertise 전문 지식 **duplicate 복제[복사]하다

|11강 1|

50. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A),

(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

50)

The news media are hungry for new findings, and reporters often latch onto ideas from the scientific laboratories before they have been fully tested.

(A)__________, a reporter who lacks a strong understanding of science may misunderstand or misreport complex scientific principles. To tell the truth, sometimes scientists get excited about their findings, too, and leak them to the press before they have been through a thorough review by the scientists’ peers. (B)__________, the public is often exposed to late-breaking nutrition news stories before the findings are fully confirmed. Then, when the hypothesis being tested fails to hold up to a later challenge, consumers feel betrayed by what is simply the normal course of science at work. *latch onto ~을 입수하다

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) In addition In addition Similarly For example For example

|11강 2|

52. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 52)

Do you know people who have plenty of ideas but don’t follow through? These people need collaborators to help ① them implement. What about artists who paint masterpieces that nobody sees? They need a collaborator to help them promote ② themselves. Then there are inventors who need help protecting their ideas; entrepreneurs who need help gaining capital, or composers who need help with lyrics. ③ Working together allows for different points of view and sparks new ideas. It’s not enough to be a lone innovator. Good ideas can ④ be made into great ideas when we utilize each other’s specialized expertise. In fact, venture capitalists say the most important quality they look for in businesses ⑤ are not the ideas but the teams. Look for partners who don’t duplicate your skills but complement them. *expertise 전문 지식 **duplicate 복제[복사]하다

(B) Instead Consequently On the other hand Instead Consequently

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|11강 3|

53. 다음

|11강 4|

55. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 53)

Nowadays, scientists distinguish among species ① using methods based on evolutionary descent. Earlier methods were less precise but more colorful. The word “monkey” did not enter the English language until the sixteenth century. Prior to then, the word “ape” was the only common term for primates ② other than human beings.

The difference between apes and human beings ③ was never clear either. If somebody called you an ape, it might not be just a metaphor. In History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents, and Insects, ④ published in 1647, Edward Topsell included the satyr and the sphinx among apes — the term included any creature that was ④ almost “human” but not quite. This sort of definition, and not a conventional biological one, must be used when ⑤ to look back over the old stories of apes and monkeys through the centuries. *primate 영장류 (동물) **satyr 사티로스(그리스 신화에 나오는 남자의 얼굴에 염소의 다리와 뿔을 가진 숲의 신)

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 55)

The American emphasis on individualism, ① which was rooted in early American Puritanism, was reinforced by the formative experience of the American western frontier. The “pioneer spirit” of striking out on one’s own and staking a claim ② was captured in American author Horace Greeley’s appeal to “Go West, young man.” The absence of formal government on the frontier, including effective law enforcement, also undoubtedly ③ contributed to feelings of independence and self-reliance.

Historian Frederick Jackson Turner, in his classic book The Frontier in American History (1947), argued that the frontier ④ was central to the development of American individualism. Turner further linked the rugged individualism of the pioneer with the ideals of democracy: “Quite as deeply fixed in the pioneer’s mind as the ideal of individuals ⑤ were the ideal of democracy. He had a passionate hatred for aristocracy, monopoly and special privilege; he believed in simplicity, economy and the rule of the people.” *stake a claim 권리[소유권]를 주장하다 **rugged 단호한

|11강 4|

54. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 54)

|11강 4|

56. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은? 56)

The American emphasis on individualism, which was rooted in early American Puritanism, was ① reinforced by the formative experience of the American western frontier. The “pioneer spirit” of striking out on one’s own and staking a claim was captured in American author Horace Greeley’s appeal to “Go West, young man.” The ② absence of formal government on the frontier, including effective law enforcement, also undoubtedly contributed to feelings of independence and self-reliance.

Historian Frederick Jackson Turner, in his classic book The Frontier in American History (1947), argued that the frontier was ③ central to the development of American individualism. Turner further linked the rugged individualism of the pioneer with the ideals of democracy: “Quite as deeply fixed in the pioneer’s mind as the ④ ideal of individuals was the ideal of democracy. He had a passionate ⑤ affection for aristocracy, monopoly and special privilege; he believed in simplicity, economy and the rule of the people.” *stake a claim 권리[소유권]를 주장하다 **rugged 단호한

The absence of formal government on the frontier, including effective law enforcement, also undoubtedly contributed to feelings of independence and self-reliance.

The American emphasis on individualism, which was rooted in early American Puritanism, was reinforced by the formative experience of the American western frontier. (①) The “pioneer spirit” of striking out on one’s own and staking a claim was captured in American author Horace Greeley’s appeal to “Go West, young man.” (②) Historian Frederick Jackson Turner, in his classic book The Frontier in American History (1947), argued that the frontier was central to the development of American individualism. (③) Turner further linked the rugged individualism of the pioneer with the ideals of democracy: “Quite as deeply fixed in the pioneer’s mind as the ideal of individuals was the ideal of democracy. (④) He had a passionate hatred for aristocracy, monopoly and special privilege. (⑤) He believed in simplicity, economy and the rule of the people.” *stake a claim 권리[소유권]를 주장하다 **rugged 단호한

- 14 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 5|

57. 다음

|11강 5|

59. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 57)

Sometimes, it seems that people simply like to try new things — they are interested in variety seeking, ① in which the priority is to vary one’s product experiences, perhaps as a form of stimulation or to avoid ② being bored. Variety seeking is especially likely to occur when people are in a good mood, or when there is relatively ③ little stimulation elsewhere in their environment. In the case of foods and beverages, variety seeking can occur due to a phenomenon ④ known as sensory-specific satiety. Put simply, this means the pleasantness of a food item just eaten drops while the pleasantness of uneaten foods ⑤ remain unchanged. So even though we have favourites, we still like to sample other possibilities.

Ironically, consumers may actually switch to less preferred options for variety’s sake even though they enjoy the more familiar option more. *satiety 포만(감)

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 59)

Sometimes, it seems that people simply like to try new things — they are interested in variety seeking, in which the priority is to ① vary one’s product experiences, perhaps as a form of stimulation or to avoid being bored.

Variety seeking is especially likely to occur when people are in a good mood, or when there is relatively little ② stimulation elsewhere in their environment. In the case of foods and beverages, variety seeking can occur due to a phenomenon known as sensory-specific satiety. Put simply, this means the pleasantness of a food item just eaten ③ drops while the pleasantness of uneaten foods remains unchanged. So even though we have favourites, we still like to sample other ④ possibilities. Ironically, consumers may actually switch to less preferred options for variety’s sake even though they enjoy the more ⑤ unusual option more. *satiety 포만(감)

|11강 5|

58. 다음

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

58)

|11강 6|

60. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

한 곳은? 60)

Sometimes, it seems that people simply like to try new things — they are interested in variety seeking, in which the priority is to vary one’s product experiences, perhaps as a form of stimulation or to avoid being bored. Variety seeking is especially likely to occur when people are in a good mood, or when there is relatively little stimulation elsewhere in their environment. ____(A)_____, in the case of foods and beverages, variety seeking can occur due to a phenomenon known as sensory-specific satiety. Put simply, this means the pleasantness of a food item just eaten drops while the pleasantness of uneaten foods remains unchanged. So even though we have favourites, we still like to sample other possibilities. _____(B)_____, consumers may actually switch to less preferred options for variety’s sake even though they enjoy the more familiar option more. *satiety 포만(감)

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) However However For instance For instance In other words

(B) Consequently In brief Similarly Ironically Nevertheless

The expression of a negative goal will therefore emphasize an undesirable image — and the error or the walk is more apt to be made.

Negativism isn’t a philosophy, it’s an attitude. It’s the attitude of a player whose nerves aren’t as strong as he’d like them to be. Attitudes can be changed, but first they have to be recognized. (①) It’s quite common for a player to think to himself, “I don’t want to boot this ground ball,” or “I don’t want to walk this batter.” (②) The word “don’t” will not get through to the body. The word carries no functional image. (③) The phrase “boot this ground ball” does bring forth an image. (④) The body tends to do what it hears most clearly; the mind tells the body what it sees most clearly. (⑤) So, thinking about what you don’t want to happen greatly increases the chance that it will happen. *boot (땅볼을 처리하려다) 놓치다 **walk 볼넷으로 출루 하게 하다

- 15 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 6|

61. 주어진

|11강 7|

63. 글의

글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 61)

Negativism isn’t a philosophy, it’s an attitude. It’s the attitude of a player whose nerves aren’t as strong as he’d like them to be.

(A) The word carries no functional image. The phrase “boot this ground ball” does bring forth an image. The expression of a negative goal will therefore emphasize an undesirable image — and the error or the walk is more apt to be made.

(B) The body tends to do what it hears most clearly; the mind tells the body what it sees most clearly. So, thinking about what you don’t want to happen greatly increases the chance that it will happen.

(C) Attitudes can be changed, but first they have to be recognized. It’s quite common for a player to think to himself, “I don’t want to boot this ground ball,” or “I don’t want to walk this batter.” The word “don’t” will not get through to the body.

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은? 63)

Taking the time to make a link between those words and something the children already know is important to enable them to use the words appropriately.

Each new idea in mathematics involves the children in learning in three areas — linguistic, conceptual and procedural. (①) The children learn in that order. (②) This means that if the children are unsure of the language of maths they will not understand the concept and, as a result, they definitely will not be able to do anything with that concept. (③) For example, when learning about shape, words such as quadrilateral and even triangle can be difficult for some pupils. (④) By linking triangle to tricycles and quadrilateral to quad bikes they then have that link which will result in learning. (⑤) Remember also that even simple words, which may not seem worthy of any time to explain, could cause confusion. *quadrilateral 4각형

*boot (땅볼을 처리하려다) 놓치다 **walk 볼넷으로 출루 하게 하다

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A) |11강 7|

64. 다음 |11강 6|

62. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

62)

Negativism isn’t a philosophy, it’s an attitude. It’s the attitude of a player ① whose nerves aren’t as strong as he’d like them to be. Attitudes can be changed, but first they have to be recognized. It’s quite common for a player to think to ② himself, “I don’t want to boot this ground ball,” or “I don’t want to walk this batter.” The word “don’t” will not get through to the body. The word carries no functional image. The phrase “boot this ground ball” ③ does bring forth an image. The expression of a negative goal will therefore emphasize an undesirable image — and the error or the walk is more apt ④ to be made. The body tends to do what it hears most clearly; the mind tells the body what it sees most clearly. So, thinking about what you don’t want to happen greatly increases the chance ⑤ what it will happen.

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

64)

Each new idea in mathematics involves the children in learning in three areas — linguistic, conceptual and procedural. The children learn in that order. This means ① that if the children are unsure of the language of maths they will not understand the concept and, as a result, they definitely will not be able to do anything with that concept. For example, when ② learning about shape, words such as quadrilateral and even triangle can be difficult for some pupils. ③ Take the time to make a link between those words and something the children already know is important to enable them to use the words appropriately. By linking triangle to tricycles and quadrilateral to quad bikes they then have that link ④ which will result in learning. Remember also that even simple words, which may not seem worthy of any time ⑤ to explain, could cause confusion.

*boot (땅볼을 처리하려다) 놓치다 **walk 볼넷으로 출루 하게 하다

- 16 -

*quadrilateral 4각형

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 7|

65. 다음

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

65)

Each new idea in mathematics involves the children in learning in three areas — linguistic, conceptual and procedural. The children learn in that order. This means that if the children are unsure of the language of maths they will not understand the concept and, as a result, they definitely will not be able to do anything with that concept. (A)__________, when learning about shape, words such as quadrilateral and even triangle can be difficult for some pupils. Take the time to make a link between those words and something the children already know is important to enable them to use the words appropriately. By linking triangle to tricycles and quadrilateral to quad bikes they then have that link which will result in learning. (B)__________ remember that even simple words, which may not seem worthy of any time to explain, could cause confusion. *quadrilateral 4각형

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) However However For example For example As a result

(B) Nonetheless Consequently Similarly Moreover In addition

|11강 8|

67. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 67)

When we plant a rose seed in the earth, we notice that it is small, but we do not criticize it as “rootless and stemless.” We treat it as a seed, ① giving it the water and nourishment required of a seed. When it first shoots up out of the earth, we don’t condemn it as immature and underdeveloped; nor ② do we criticize the buds for not being open when they appear. We stand in wonder at the process ③ takes place and give the plant the care it needs at each stage of its development. The rose is a rose from the time it is a seed to the time it dies. Within it, at all times, it contains its whole potential. It seems to be ④ constantly in the process of change; yet at each state, at each moment, it is perfectly all right as it ⑤ is. *nourishment 영양분

|11강 9|

68. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은? 68)

|11강 8|

66. 다음 글의

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 66)

When we plant a rose seed in the earth, we notice that it is small, but we do not ① criticize it as “rootless and stemless.” We treat it as a seed, giving it the water and nourishment ② required of a seed. When it first shoots up out of the earth, we don’t condemn it as ③ immature and underdeveloped; nor do we criticize the buds for not being open when they appear. We stand in wonder at the process taking place and give the plant the care it needs at each stage of its development. The rose is a rose from the time it is a seed to the time it dies. Within it, at all times, it ④ lacks its whole potential. It seems to be constantly in the process of ⑤ change; yet at each state, at each moment, it is perfectly all right as it is.

Can we find some way of keeping both ideas — morality as impartiality and special parental obligations?

Can we understand them in a way that makes them ① compatible with one another? As it turns out, this is not difficult. We can say that impartiality requires us to treat people in the ② same way only when there are no relevant differences between them. This qualification is obviously ③ needed, quite apart from any considerations about parents and children. For example, it is not a failure of impartiality to imprison a convicted criminal while innocent citizens go free, because there is a relevant difference between them (one has committed a crime; the others have not) to which we can appeal to ④ conceal the difference in treatment. Other examples come easily to mind. But once we have admitted this qualification, we can make use of it to solve our problem about parental obligations. The fact that a child is one’s own can be taken as providing the “relevant difference” that justifies treating it ⑤ differently. *convicted 유죄 판결을 받은

*nourishment 영양분

- 17 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 9|

69. 다음

|11강 9|

71. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 69)

Can we find some way of keeping both ideas — morality as impartiality and special parental obligations?

Can we understand them in a way that makes them ① compatible with one another? As it turns out, this is not difficult. We can say that impartiality requires us ② to treat people in the same way only when there are no relevant differences between them. This qualification is obviously needed, quite apart from any considerations about parents and children. For example, it is not a failure of impartiality to imprison a convicted criminal ③ while innocent citizens go free, because there is a relevant difference between them (one has committed a crime; the others have not) ④ which we can appeal to justify the difference in treatment. Other examples come easily to mind. But once we have admitted this qualification, we can make use of it to solve our problem about parental obligations. The fact ⑤ that a child is one’s own can be taken as providing the “relevant difference” that justifies treating it differently. *convicted 유죄 판결을 받은

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

71)

Can we find some way of keeping both ideas — morality as impartiality and special parental obligations?

Can we understand them in a way that makes them compatible with one another? As it turns out, this is not difficult. We can say that impartiality requires us to treat people in the same way only when there are no relevant differences between them. This qualification is obviously needed, quite apart from any considerations about parents and children. ____(A)___, it is not a failure of impartiality to imprison a convicted criminal while innocent citizens go free, because there is a relevant difference between them (one has committed a crime; the others have not) to which we can appeal to justify the difference in treatment. Other examples come easily to mind. _____(B)_____ once we have admitted this qualification, we can make use of it to solve our problem about parental obligations. The fact that a child is one’s own can be taken as providing the “relevant difference” that justifies treating it differently. *convicted 유죄 판결을 받은

|11강 9|

70. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은? 70)

This qualification is obviously needed, quite apart from any considerations about parents and children.

Can we find some way of keeping both ideas — morality as impartiality and special parental obligations?

Can we understand them in a way that makes them compatible with one another? As it turns out, this is not difficult. (①) We can say that impartiality requires us to treat people in the same way only when there are no relevant differences between them. (②) For example, it is not a failure of impartiality to imprison a convicted criminal while innocent citizens go free, because there is a relevant difference between them (one has committed a crime; the others have not) to which we can appeal to justify the difference in treatment. (③) Other examples come easily to mind. (④) But once we have admitted this qualification, we can make use of it to solve our problem about parental obligations. (⑤) The fact that a child is one’s own can be taken as providing the “relevant difference” that justifies treating it differently. *convicted 유죄 판결을 받은

- 18 -

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) In addition In addition Similarly For instance For instance

(B) Thus On the other hand On the other hand However Thus

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 10|

72. 주어진

74. 주어진

글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 72)

The self-serving bias affects many people’s evaluations of not only themselves as individuals but also the groups of which they are members.

(A) Students at these schools viewed a film of the game and counted the number of penalties committed by both teams. Princeton students saw the Dartmouth team commit twice as many flagrant penalties and three times as many mild penalties as their own team.

(B) Dartmouth students, on the other hand, recorded an approximately equal number of penalties by both teams.

While the truth probably lies somewhere in between, the researchers concluded that it was as if the two groups of students saw a different game.

(C) For example, in one early study, Hastorf and Cantril examined individuals’ judgments of penalties committed during a football game between Princeton and Dartmouth. *flagrant 명백한 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

|11강 11|

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 74)

The more important a stressful we are likely to say, for example, that themselves more anxious than in a ‘friendly’.

sporting event is, the more find it. It is probably true to most footballers would find competing in the World Cup

(A) Pairs of golfers competed for either three new balls (low importance) or a new pair of golfing shoes (high importance). As expected, those competing for the new shoes experienced more anxiety than those competing for golf balls.

(B) However, we must remember that it is the importance of the event to the individual that counts. This does not necessarily depend on the status of the competition.

(C) For example, athletes who know they are being watched by talent scouts, or perhaps by their family for the first time, may feel particularly anxious. Marchant and his colleagues carried out an experiment in which event importance was artificially set up. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|11강 11| |11강 10|

73. 다음

75. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은? 75)

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 73)

The self-serving bias affects many people’s evaluations of not only ① themselves as individuals but also the groups of which they are members. For example, in one early study, Hastorf and Cantril examined individuals’ judgments of penalties ② committed during a football game between Princeton and Dartmouth. Students at these schools viewed a film of the game and counted the number of penalties committed by both teams. Princeton students saw the Dartmouth team ③ to commit twice as many flagrant penalties and three times as many mild penalties as their own team. Dartmouth students, on the other hand, recorded an ④ approximately equal number of penalties by both teams. While the truth probably lies somewhere in between, the researchers concluded that it was as if the two groups of students ⑤ saw a different game. *flagrant 명백한

For example, athletes who know they are being watched by talent scouts, or perhaps by their family for the first time, may feel particularly anxious.

The more important a sporting event is, the more stressful we are likely to find it. It is probably true to say, for example, that most footballers would find themselves more anxious competing in the World Cup than in a ‘friendly’. (①) However, we must remember that it is the importance of the event to the individual that counts. (②) This does not necessarily depend on the status of the competition. (③) Marchant and his colleagues carried out an experiment in which event importance was artificially set up. (④) Pairs of golfers competed for either three new balls (low importance) or a new pair of golfing shoes (high importance). (⑤) As expected, those competing for the new shoes experienced more anxiety than those competing for golf balls.

- 19 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|11강 11|

76. 다음

|11강 12|

78. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 76)

The more important a sporting event is, the more stressful we are likely to find it. It is probably true to say, for example, that most footballers would find themselves more anxious ① competing in the World Cup than in a ‘friendly’. However, we must remember that it is the importance of the event to the individual ② what counts. This does not necessarily depend on the status of the competition. For example, athletes who know they are being watched by talent scouts, or perhaps by their family for the first time, may feel particularly ③ anxious.

Marchant and his colleagues carried out an experiment ④ where event importance was artificially set up. Pairs of golfers competed for either three new balls (low importance) or a new pair of golfing shoes (high importance). As ⑤ expected, those competing for the new shoes experienced more anxiety than those competing for golf balls.

78)

Most of what scientists want to understand about the world is outside the laboratory and not subject to the control of the researcher. A physical oceanographer may be fascinated by water waves, some of which can be generated in a water tank, but to really understand them he or she must go out on the ocean and experience the waves generated by the wind far from land. _____(A)_____ a meteorologist wanting to understand the essential nature of a hurricane cannot do that in the laboratory, but must measure the wind and rain as the storm tears through the countryside. The notion that the investigator can control the environment of the observation is absent from field research. ____(B)______ the variability in the measurements is very much larger than analogous laboratory measurements. *oceanographer 해양학자 **meteorologist 기상학자

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

|11강 11|

77. 다음

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

(A) On the other hand On the other hand For example Similarly Similarly

(B) Thus However Moreover However Thus

은 것은? 77)

The more important a sporting event is, the more stressful we are likely to find it. It is probably true to say, for example, that most footballers would find themselves more ① anxious competing in the World Cup than in a ‘friendly’. However, we must remember that it is the importance of the event to the ② individual that counts. This does not necessarily depend on the ③ status of the competition. For example, athletes who know they are being watched by talent scouts, or perhaps by their family for the first time, may feel particularly anxious.

Marchant and his colleagues carried out an experiment in which event importance was ④ artificially set up. Pairs of golfers competed for either three new balls (low importance) or a new pair of golfing shoes (high importance). As expected, those competing for the new shoes experienced more ⑤ comfort than those competing for golf balls.

|12강 1|

79. 다음

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

79)

__________________________ sets geology and astronomy apart from other sciences. Geologists think in terms of billions of years for the age of Earth and its oldest rocks — numbers that, like the national debt, are not easily understood. Nevertheless, the time scales of geological activity are important for environmental geologists because they provide a way to measure human impacts on the natural world. For example, we would like to know the rate of natural soil formation from solid rock to determine whether topsoil erosion from agriculture is too great. Likewise, understanding how climate has changed over millions of years is vital to properly assess current global warming trends. Clues to past environmental change are well preserved in many different kinds of rocks. *astronomy 천문학 **erosion 부식, 침식 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Focus on the natural world Unbounded scales of research Economic value of research results Effects of findings on human world Interest in extremely long periods of time

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도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|12강 2|

80. 주어진

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

|12강 3|

82. 주어진

80)

82)

The national income divided by the population of a country is called its per capita income or the average income per head. The per capita income is an approximate index of the standard of living in the country because it shows the average amount of income available to its citizens.

(A) Thus, to measure the economic growth of a country over a period of time, the calculation of the per capita income is absolutely necessary.

(B) It is, however, a very rough index. In most developing countries, the national income is distributed very unevenly among the people. The greater part of it goes to the richer classes. So, the majority of the people have incomes considerably less than what is shown by the figure for the per capita income.

(C) But, though the per capita income is a very inadequate index, it is better than the total figure of national income because it takes into account not only growth in income but also growth in population. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

Perhaps the most influential in determining authenticity of souvenirs is the meanings that the tourists themselves assign to their merchandise through a process of attribution of meaning.

(A) Nonetheless, the souvenirs tourists take home are still a sort of trophy, which must reflect their image of the country visited — it must look authentic, traditional, or primitive, because the authenticity of the artifact is a guarantee of the authenticity of one’s experience abroad.

(B) The study concludes it is obvious that tourists understand that artificial and non-destination-specific items (e.g. stone chess sets, brass cigarette lighters, etc.) are not part of the craft tradition of local cultures, but rather such items are made specifically for tourists.

(C) For most people, ‘buying a souvenir is an act of acquisition of an object perceived as authentic’. However, according to a study, the perception of the souvenir vendors was that tourists really do not care if the design is traditional or contrived.

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

*authenticity 진짜임 **contrived 억지로 꾸민 듯한 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

|12강 2|

81. 글의

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

곳은? 81) |12강 3|

But, though the per capita income is a very inadequate index, it is better than the total figure of national income because it takes into account not only growth in income but also growth in population.

The national income divided by the population of a country is called its per capita income or the average income per head. (①) The per capita income is an approximate index of the standard of living in the country because it shows the average amount of income available to its citizens. (②) It is, however, a very rough index. In most developing countries, the national income is distributed very unevenly among the people. (③) The greater part of it goes to the richer classes. (④) So, the majority of the people have incomes considerably less than what is shown by the figure for the per capita income. (⑤) Thus, to measure the economic growth of a country over a period of time, the calculation of the per capita income is absolutely necessary.

83. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 83)

Perhaps the most influential in determining authenticity of souvenirs is the meanings that the tourists ① themselves assign to their merchandise through a process of attribution of meaning. For most people, ‘buying a souvenir is an act of acquisition of an object ② perceived as authentic’. However, according to a study, the perception of the souvenir vendors was that tourists really do not care ③ that the design is traditional or contrived.

The study concludes it is obvious that tourists understand that artificial and non-destination-specific items (e.g. stone chess sets, brass cigarette lighters, etc.) ④ are not part of the craft tradition of local cultures, but rather such items are made specifically for tourists. Nonetheless, the souvenirs tourists take home are still a sort of trophy, which must reflect ⑤ their image of the country visited — it must look authentic, traditional, or primitive, because the authenticity of the artifact is a guarantee of the authenticity of one’s experience abroad. *authenticity 진짜임 **contrived 억지로 꾸민 듯한

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|12강 4|

84. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

|13강 1|

86. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은? 86)

한 곳은? 84)

In other words, the respondent is required to think, at a higher-order level, about the answer.

Process questions are so called because they require the respondent to use some higher mental process in order to answer them. (①) This may involve giving opinions, justifications, judgements or evaluations, making predictions, analysing information, interpreting situations or making generalisations. (②) Examples of process questions include: ‘What might have happened if Japan had not bombed Pearl Harbour?’ ‘How do you think you could improve your relationship with your wife?’ ‘Why should anyone who is fit and doesn’t work receive money from the state?’ ‘What do you think are the characteristics of a good manager?’ (③) All of these questions require the respondent to go beyond the simple recall of information and frequently there is no correct answer to a process question. (④) Furthermore, process questions usually require longer responses and can seldom be answered in one or two words. (⑤)

In Mediterranean countries, ancient shipwrecks have long been treated like any other archaeological site.

Regardless of its ① origin, an ancient shipwreck belongs to the nation in whose territorial waters it lies. To ② disturb it in any way, a foreign or national archaeologist must have the proper credentials to obtain ③ private permission from the archaeological service of the government of that nation. Because in the last century so many antiquities were ④ taken from these countries to foreign museums and collections, this approach developed as a safeguard. Thus, there has been less treasure hunting in the Mediterranean than in many places, although ⑤ illegal stealing of antiquities does occur under the Mediterranean as on surrounding lands. *credential 증명서, 신임장 **antiquity 고대 유물

|12강 4|

85. (A),

(B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가 장 적절한 것은? 85)

Process questions are so called because they require the respondent to use some higher mental process in order to answer them. This may involve giving opinions, justifications, judgements or evaluations, making predictions, analysing information, interpreting situations or making generalisations. In other words, the respondent is required (A)[thinking / to think], at a higher-order level, about the answer. Examples of process questions include: ‘What might have happened if Japan had not bombed Pearl Harbour?’ ‘How do you think you could improve your relationship with your wife?’ ‘Why should anyone who is fit and doesn’t work receive money from the state?’ ‘What (B)[you think / do you think] are the characteristics of a good manager?’ All of these questions require the respondent to go beyond the simple recall of information and (C)[frequent / frequently] there is no correct answer to a process question. Furthermore, process questions usually require longer responses and can seldom be answered in one or two words. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) thinking thinking to think to think to think

(B) you think do you think do you think do you think you think

|13강 2|

87. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은? 87)

By contrast, you believe you totally get their point of view and you reject it.

In a political debate, you feel that the other side just doesn’t get your point of view, and if they could only see things with your clarity, they would understand and fall naturally in line with what you believe. (①) They must not understand. (②) Because if they did, they wouldn’t think the things they think. (③) You don’t need to hear them elaborate on it because you already know it better than they do. (④) So each side believes it understands the other side better than the other side understands both its opponents and itself. (⑤)

(C) frequent frequently frequent frequently frequent

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*clarity 명확성 **opponent (논쟁의) 반대자

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|13강 3|

88. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

한 곳은? 88)

In other words, they “position” the products, services and organisations in their minds.

Consumers are bombarded with information about products or services from all imaginable media. (①) To re-evaluate products or services every time they make a buying decision is impossible. (②) To simplify their buying process, consumers organise products or services into categories. (③) A brand’s “position” is the complex set of perceptions, impressions and feelings that the consumer associates with the brand compared with competing brands. (④) These aspects may cover physical attributes of the brand, or lifestyle association, or use occasion, or the user’s image, etc. (⑤) Supposedly, if every consumer were to have a mental map of the product category, the location of a particular brand in that map, relative to those of its competitors, is the position of the brand under consideration.

|13강 3|

90. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 90)

Consumers ① are bombarded with information about products or services from all imaginable media. To re-evaluate products or services every time they make a buying decision is impossible. ② To simplify their buying process, consumers organise products or services into categories, that is, they “position” the products, services and organisations in their minds. A brand’s “position” is the complex set of perceptions, impressions and feelings ③ what the consumer associates with the brand compared with competing brands. These aspects may cover physical attributes of the brand, or lifestyle association, or use occasion, or the user’s image, etc. Supposedly, if every consumer ④ were to have a mental map of the product category, the location of a particular brand in that map, relative to ⑤ those of its competitors, is the position of the brand under consideration. *bombard (질문 등을) 퍼붓다

*bombard (질문 등을) 퍼붓다 |13강 4|

91. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 91) |13강 3|

89. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은? 89)

Consumers are bombarded with information about products or services from all ① imaginable media. To re-evaluate products or services every time they make a buying decision is ② impossible. To simplify their buying process, consumers organise products or services into categories, that is, they “position” the products, services and organisations in their minds. A brand’s “position” is the ③ simple set of perceptions, impressions and feelings that the consumer associates with the brand compared with competing brands. These aspects may cover ④ physical attributes of the brand, or lifestyle association, or use occasion, or the user’s image, etc. Supposedly, if every consumer were to have a mental map of the product category, the location of a particular brand in that map, ⑤ relative to those of its competitors, is the position of the brand under consideration.

All known cultures give meanings to sex categories; these meanings serve to create and maintain social distinctions between women and men.

(A) For example, in all known societies, men have more formal political power than women, and men generally earn more money than women. However, the characteristics that are claimed to distinguish the sexes are not uniform from one culture to another.

(B) Looking around the world today, we find that such distinctions and hierarchies are usually built into institutions such as the family, law, and religion.

(C) Nor are the distinctions necessarily stable across historical epochs within a society. Furthermore, societies vary in the extremity of the distinctions they draw and the rigidity with which these distinctions are enforced. *epoch (중요한 사건·변화들이 일어난) 시대 **rigidity 엄 격(함)

*bombard (질문 등을) 퍼붓다

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① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

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|13강 4|

92. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 92)

All known cultures give meanings to sex categories; these meanings serve to create and maintain social ① distinctions between women and men. Looking around the world today, we find that such distinctions and hierarchies are usually built into institutions such as the family, law, and religion. For example, in all known societies, men have more ② formal political power than women, and men generally earn more money than women. However, the characteristics that are claimed to distinguish the sexes are not ③ consistent from one culture to another. Nor are the distinctions necessarily ④ flexible across historical epochs within a society. Furthermore, societies ⑤ vary in the extremity of the distinctions they draw and the rigidity with which these distinctions are enforced.

|13강 6|

94. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 94)

Agriculture provided the economic context for the rise of civilization and eventually the technology that we currently enjoy. The downside, of course, is ① that large population and its concentration provide the essential breeding ground for the maintenance and transport of pathogens from host to host, eventually ② infecting many thousands, if not millions, of people. Examples in recent history are abundant, such as the 1918 influenza epidemic that ③ resulted in the deaths of millions globally. Today, we are seeing an alarming increase in new infectious diseases, fueled by population increase and human-to-human transfer of ④ rapidly evolving pathogens. In addition, some of the old diseases ⑤ have been reemerged, such as tuberculosis, resulting in the deaths of some 2 to 3 million people a year.

*epoch (중요한 사건·변화들이 일어난) 시대 **rigidity 엄 격(함)

*pathogen 병원균 **epidemic 유행성 전염병

|13강 8| |13강 5|

93. 다음

95. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 93)

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은? 95)

The influential social psychologist Daniel Kahneman prefers ① to describe the thinking styles of the two systems of the human mind — the automatic system and the conscious system — as intuition versus reasoning. The automatic system is intuitive, in the sense ② which it is guided by gut reactions and quick feelings rather than a process of carefully thinking through all the implications of a problem. When you face a decision and someone advises you to “go with your gut feeling,” that person is essentially telling you to rely on your automatic system (and its intuitions) rather than ③ trying to reason through the problem logically, as the conscious system will do.

Often that is good advice, because the automatic system ④ does produce quick and usually good answers. But the highest achievements and advances of culture depend on the application of careful reasoning, ⑤ which is the province of the conscious system. *intuition 직관(력)

The sight of others acting in a socially responsible manner — by dropping money in a Salvation Army bucket, for instance — can ① spur an observer to help in two ways. First, the observation of others’ behavior is frequently the way that people, especially children, learn ② appropriate conduct. Exposing children to ③ prosocial television programming, for example, teaches them to be more cooperative and generous. In addition to this teaching function, a prosocial model can also serve as a ④ reminder, bringing the norm to consciousness in adults who may not have been thinking about helpfulness until they came across an instance of it. In a classic study by James Bryan and Mary Ann Test, Los Angeles motorists were more ⑤ reluctant to stop and help the driver of a disabled car if they’d witnessed another motorist doing so a quarter mile before.

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*spur 자극하다

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|13강 8|

96. 다음 글의 밑줄

친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 96)

|15강 1|

98. 다음

The sight of others acting in a socially responsible manner — by dropping money in a Salvation Army bucket, for instance — can spur an observer ① to help in two ways. First, the observation of others’ behavior is frequently the way ② that people, especially children, learn appropriate conduct. Exposing children to prosocial television programming, for example, ③ teaches them to be more cooperative and generous. In addition to this teaching function, a prosocial model can also serve as a reminder, ④ brought the norm to consciousness in adults who may not have been thinking about helpfulness until they came across an instance of it. In a classic study by James Bryan and Mary Ann Test, Los Angeles motorists were more likely to stop and help the driver of a disabled car if they’d witnessed another motorist ⑤ doing so a quarter mile before. *spur 자극하다

중 어법상 어색한 것은?98)

All other things ① being equal, journalists prefer to tell stories about conflict. News is first and foremost about conflict and disorder. Protests, violence, crime, wars, and disasters ② provide the most natural material for news reports. Journalists become famous and win awards for covering such stories. Many reporters dream of becoming war correspondents, for this ③ is considered the height of professional accomplishment. The very idea of a “peace correspondent,” on the other hand, sounds strange, even ④ contradictory. When peace appears to be taking hold in a particular area, it is time for journalists to leave. Understanding that peace and news make strange bedfellows ⑤ are an important starting point for all that follows.

|15강 1|

97. 다음에

이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?97)

99. 다음

All other things being equal, journalists prefer to tell stories about conflict.

(A) When peace appears particular area, it is time Understanding that peace bedfellows is an important follows.

to be taking hold in a for journalists to leave. and news make strange starting point for all that

(B) Many reporters dream of becoming war correspondents, for this is considered the height of professional accomplishment. The very idea of a “peace correspondent,” on the other hand, sounds strange, even contradictory.

(C) News is first and foremost disorder. Protests, violence, crime, provide the most natural material Journalists become famous and win such stories. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

about conflict and wars, and disasters for news reports. awards for covering

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|15강 2|

주어진 문장이 들어갈 곳으로 적절한 것은?99)

But if the company wishes to achieve more than the set task, a real involvement of all employees, from the highest to the lowest levels, is required.

To a large extent, the success of an organization requires an atmosphere in which there is a free flow of information — upward, downward, and horizontally. At the workplace, the primary goal is getting things done. (①) For this, instructions, guidelines, supervision, monitoring, and periodic reporting are usually considered enough. (②) This cooperation can only be secured by allowing every level of employee to suggest ideas, express their views, and share their experiences. (③) Such a system of communication can only be established within the organization by the manager. (④) In fact, the manager functions as the point of intersection for all communication channels. (⑤) One of the most important concerns of the manager is to organize and ensure an effective information system across the organization.

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|15강 2|

100. 다음

|15강 4|

102. 다음

어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?100)

To a large extent, the success of an organization requires an atmosphere in which there is a ① free flow of information — upward, downward, and horizontally. At the workplace, the primary goal is getting things done.

For this, instructions, guidelines, supervision, monitoring, and periodic reporting are usually considered ② insufficient. But if the company wishes to achieve more than the set task, a real ③ involvement of all employees, from the highest to the lowest levels, is required. This cooperation can only be secured by allowing every level of employee to suggest ideas, express their views, and ④ share their experiences. Such a system of communication can only be established within the organization by the manager. In fact, the manager functions as the point of ⑤ intersection for all communication channels. One of the most important concerns of the manager is to organize and ensure an

주어진 글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?102)

Survey data are very easy to collect, and tremendous numbers of psychological studies rely on the self-reports of individuals. However, surveys can have important drawbacks.

(A) People’s answers are also influenced by how the questions are stated and the order of question presentation. Survey methodology is a large specialty area within psychology and provides important descriptive information about people’s behavior.

(B) For example, people can say whatever they want on a survey, so you may not capture their true thoughts or behavior. Sometimes researchers ask the same questions in different forms in order to detect when people might not be giving truthful answers or may be answering without reading the questions carefully.

(C) In addition, surveys often depend on our ability to accurately remember our past or recent experiences, and studies have shown that people are not very accurate in

effective information system across the organization.

recalling when events occurred. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

|15강 3|

101. 다음

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?101)

Mass communications require technology. Today, many forms of mass communications rely on electronics.

However, the first important event in mass communications was movable type and the printing press, which was originally operated by ① hand. The German printer Johannes Gutenberg often is credited with inventing movable type around 1440. While many scholars today believe that movable type originated in China about 600 years earlier, Gutenberg did ② popularize it in Europe. Movable type was a significant improvement over earlier forms of bookmaking, which involved either handwritten manuscripts or the use of carved woodblocks. Movable type made printing ③ faster and easier, as a printer could quickly set up lines of type and quickly print documents. This new efficiency in printing ④ increased the cost of printing documents and the cost of the documents themselves.

When books became ⑤ less expensive, more people could buy books.

|15강 4|

103. 다음

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?103)

Survey data are very ① easy to collect, and tremendous numbers of psychological studies rely on the self-reports of individuals. However, surveys can have important ② drawbacks. For example, people can say whatever they want on a survey, so you may not ③ overlook their true thoughts or behavior. Sometimes researchers ask the same questions in different forms in order to ④ detect when people might not be giving truthful answers or may be answering without reading the questions carefully. In addition, surveys often depend on our ability to accurately remember our past or recent experiences, and studies have shown that people are not very accurate in recalling when events occurred. People’s answers are also ⑤ influenced by how the questions are stated and the order of question presentation. Survey methodology is a large specialty area within psychology and provides important descriptive information about people’s behavior.

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|15강 5|

104. 다음

|15강 6|

106. 다음

어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?104)

Social activities affect psychology indirectly by serving as models to imitate. The manner in which parents treat each other is a model that children use in interacting with people. Gender images in the media are another ① indirect social influence on psychology. These images present activities as images or models that viewers utilize in ② fashioning psychological phenomena. Viewers of the media are not directly forced to act in particular ways by these images; they are not even directly told that they should act in those stereotypical ways or ③ threatened with punishment if they do not. Rather, the images serve as models that viewers strive to imitate. The more pervasive a particular model is — in advertisements, television programs, movies, magazine articles, educational materials — the ④ less influence it has. People do not ⑤ freely choose the models they adopt. Their choices are influenced by the pervasiveness of the model and also its agreement with their role in activities.

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?106)

The term fact is normally reserved for an observation or explanation that is absolutely true. But no scientist would claim that anything is absolutely true. At most, they would claim that the ① preponderance of evidence points to the truth of the observation or explanation. Even a simple observation statement like “The ball I threw hit the ground” is not absolutely true, because one can never be sure that the observation is not the result of an ② illusion. How many times have you seen a pretty young woman sliced in two on a stage without calling the police? If “seeing is believing,” you ③ shouldn’t have called the police to report the senseless crime committed by the magician. But observations are theory-laden: You need an appropriate ④ theoretical background in order to observe what your eyes see. When you see a magic show, you are observing within the theoretical framework of entertainment by illusion, in which what you see is almost certainly not what it appears to be. A person who knew ⑤ nothing of magic would almost certainly be horrified by the illusion.

|15강 7|

107. 다음 |15강 5|

105. 다음

중 어법상 어색한 것은?105)

Social activities affect psychology indirectly by serving as models to imitate. The manner ① in which parents treat each other is a model that children use in interacting with people. Gender images in the media are another indirect social influence on psychology. These images present activities as images or models ② that viewers utilize in fashioning psychological phenomena. Viewers of the media are not directly forced ③ to act in particular ways by these images; they are not even directly told that they should act in those stereotypical ways or ④ threatened with punishment if they do not. Rather, the images serve as models that viewers strive to imitate. The more pervasive a particular model is — in advertisements, television programs, movies, magazine articles, educational materials — the more ⑤ influential it has. People do not freely choose the models they adopt. Their choices are influenced by the pervasiveness of the model and also its agreement with their role in activities.

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 적절한 것은?107)

The replacement theory holds that new information entering the memory replaces old information already stored. Studies that support this theory show that misleading information replaces the original memories of people. For instance, one study showed pictures of a car accident to two groups of people. In one group, the researchers asked leading questions to make the people think they had seen a yield sign, when the picture had actually shown a stop sign. Those in the other group were not asked leading questions and therefore remembered seeing the stop sign. When both groups were later gathered together, they were told the purpose behind the experiment and asked to guess if they thought they had been part of the group that was misled. Nearly everyone in the group that was misled claimed that they had truly seen the yield sign and were not deceived. This led researchers to conclude that _______________________.

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① ② ③ ④ ⑤

the participants lied about their observations the claims of ordinary people are unreliable the implanted memory replaced the actual one observations were accurate than memories opinions of others can deceive ordinary people

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr) |16강 1|

|15강 8|

108. 다음

110. 다음

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?108)

An advantage of profiling your audience is considering the possibility of a secondary audience. For example, let’s say you start to write an e-mail to your supervisor, Sheila, describing a problem you are having. Halfway through the message you realize that Sheila will probably forward this message to her boss, the vice president.

Sheila will not want to ① summarize what you said; instead she will take the ② easy route and merely forward your e-mail. When you realize that the vice president will probably see this message, you decide to back up and use a more ③ informal tone. You remove your inquiry about Sheila’s family, you reduce your complaints, and you tone down your language about why things went wrong. Instead, you provide more background information, and you are more ④ specific in identifying items the vice president might not recognize. Analyzing the task and anticipating the audience will help you adapt your message so that you can create an ⑤ efficient and effective message.

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?110)

Licensing grants individuals formal or legal ① permission to practice their profession. Licenses are granted by states or even local agencies. Before a license is issued, certain ② formalities must be accomplished; for example, testing the applicant’s knowledge and skills required. If such a test is not passed, the licensing authority may ③ deny issuing the license. Besides testing for competence, the licensing authority also provides the licensee with a set of rules to follow to keep the license.

If the rules are ④ observed, the authority may have the right to sanction the licensee or recall the license. Clearly a license is a privilege, not a right, and if licensees want to maintain that privilege, they must ⑤ follow the prescribed code. Licenses are used as both control and educating instruments to enforce rules, laws, and certain society norms.

|15강 8|

109. 다음

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것은?109)

|16강 2|

An advantage of profiling your audience is considering the possibility of a secondary audience.

(A) , let’s say you start to write an e-mail to your supervisor, Sheila, describing a problem you are having. Halfway through the message you realize that Sheila will probably forward this message to her boss, the vice president.

Sheila will not want to summarize what you said; instead she will take the easy route and merely forward your e-mail. When you realize that the vice president will probably see this message, you decide to back up and use a more formal tone. You remove your inquiry about Sheila’s family, you reduce your complaints, and you tone down your language about why things went wrong.

(B) , you provide more background information, and you are more specific in identifying items the vice president might not recognize. Analyzing the task and anticipating the audience will help you adapt your message so that you can create an efficient and effective message.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) For example Consequently In other words For instance Therefore

(B) Instead For instance Contrarily Therefore However

111. 다음

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?111)

In European cultures, the trend in food habits had always been towards sophistication in food preparation and consumption. In contrast to the European cultures, developments in early American food habits have been more towards ① simplification of meal preparation methods rather than sophistication and expansion. The European food habits of the 18th and 19th centuries were driven by the ② sophistication in cooking arts advanced by the chefs. In contrast, American food habits of the 18th and 19th centuries were driven by ③ simplicity in preparation and efficiency in mass production. This was the reflection of the political system of the land. In early Europe, the political systems were feudalistic and ruled by the royal families. Here spending money on luxury goods to publicly display economic power was a norm and ④ expected. The democratic political system of America did not encourage indulgence in excessive food consumption by their national leaders since it symbolized ⑤ diffusion of power.

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|16강 2|

112. 다음

114. 다음

글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?112)

In European cultures, the trend in food habits had always been towards sophistication in food preparation and consumption.

(A) In contrast, American food habits of the 18th and 19th centuries were driven by simplicity in preparation and efficiency in mass production. This was the reflection of the political system of the land. In early Europe, the political systems were feudalistic and ruled by the royal families.

(B) Here spending money on luxury goods to publicly display economic power was a norm and expected. The democratic political system of America did not encourage indulgence in excessive food consumption by their national leaders since it symbolized concentration of power.

(C) In contrast to the European cultures, developments in early American food habits have been more towards simplification of meal preparation methods rather than sophistication and expansion. The European food habits of the 18th and 19th centuries were driven by the sophistication in cooking arts advanced by the chefs. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|16강 3|

113. 다음

|16강 3|

글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?113)

Carbon atoms have particular, knowable physical and chemical properties. But the atoms can be combined in different ways to make, say, black lead or diamond.

(B) The properties of those substances — properties such as darkness and softness and clearness and hardness — are not properties of the carbon atoms, but rather they are properties of the collection of carbon atoms.

(A) Moreover, which particular properties the collection of atoms has depends entirely on how they are assembled — into sheets or pyramids. The properties arise because of the connections between the parts.

Carbon atoms have particular, knowable physical and chemical properties. But the atoms can be ① combined in different ways to make, say, black lead or diamond. The properties of those substances — properties such as darkness and softness and clearness and hardness — are not properties of the carbon atoms, but rather they are properties of the ② collection of carbon atoms. Moreover, which particular properties the collection of atoms has depends entirely on how they are ③ assembled — into sheets or pyramids. The properties arise because of the ④ connections between the parts. I think grasping this insight is crucial for a proper scientific perspective on the world. You could know everything about ⑤ combined neurons but not be able to say how memory works, or where desire originates.

|16강 4|

115.

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?115)

In 1990, researchers moved to Vietnam to set up a programme to fight child malnutrition in poor rural villages. While conducting surveys to understand the scope of the issue, they grew curious about the handful of children who, despite coming from families as ① poor as all the others, were perfectly healthy — the positive deviants. What were these families doing differently? If they could discover behaviours that enabled even the most materially ② deprived parents to raise healthy children, the implications would be tremendous. They found that all the parents of the positive deviants for some reason collected tiny pieces of shell from crabs and shrimp from rice fields and ③ added them to their children’s diet, along with the greens from sweet potato tops. None of the other families did. Both these ingredients, though free and ④ available to anyone for the taking, were commonly considered to be inappropriate if not ⑤ dangerous for children, and so were generally excluded from their diets.

(C) I think grasping this insight is crucial for a proper scientific perspective on the world. You could know everything about isolated neurons but not be able to say how memory works, or where desire originates. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

중 어휘의 쓰임이 어색한 것은?114)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

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|17강 3|

116. 다음

중 어법상 어색한 것은?116)

After living at Oak Haven for many years, I have acquired great respect for and dread of the sudden shock of a violent thunderstorm as it rips through our farm on a hot and humid summer afternoon. ① Rooted deep in the earth, the strong trunks of the great old trees hold steady, while their branches express flexibility, ② yielding with humility to the wind and the rain. The utter chaos Mother Nature imposes during the storm may appear as destruction and violence on the exterior; however, the experience eventually brings pruning and rebalance into our natural world. The trees in these storms have taught me much about the human soul. It is not ③ whether suffering, loss, disappointment, and disease come into our lives, but it is when they show up. I have found that, like the trees on our farm, we all have the capacity to weather the storms of our lives when we are deeply rooted and can emerge ④ transforming. The crucial element for us to remember is not to fear the magnitude of the storm, but to trust that we have cultivated the roots that anchor and sustain us in the face of the events of our lives. The reason to cultivate this essential rootedness is not merely to survive, but ⑤ to create an incredibly prosperous balanced life rooted in true happiness.

(C)

For example, each change in our historical conception of atomic structure was presented as simply the building on prior conceptions, and each scientist’s contribution was conveyed to students as simply increased detail to the former model of the atom. In summary, Brickhouse concluded that teachers’ science philosophies influence laboratory instruction, the way in which demonstrations are used, and instructional goals.

(D)

Students’ performance in science activities was evaluated solely by the outcome of the activity, not on the process. This first teacher also perceived scientific processes as inductive, and therefore, lab instruction included precise procedures to acquire the “right” answer.

Viewing science as an accumulation of knowledge, students were told “every experiment from this page on proves the rest of the chapter, each and every one of them.”

117. 위

① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D) ④ (D)-(B)-(C) ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

118. 빈칸 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

|17강 5|

[117~11852] 다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

글 (A)에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?117)

③ (C)-(D)-(B)

(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것은?118)

(A) on the other hand in the same way in other words as a consequence on the contrary

(B) For example For instance In addition Accordingly However

|19강 1|

119.

다음 중 가리키는 바가 다른 하나는?119)

(A)

In an effort to examine closely the influence of teachers’ beliefs about the nature of science on their classroom practice, Professor Nancy W. Brickhouse conducted extensive interviews with three science teachers.

In the interviews, the first teacher viewed theories as truths uncovered through rigid experimentation, and, not surprisingly, the intent of instruction in this classroom was for students to learn the “truth.”

(B)

The second teacher, on the other hand, thought of theories as tools to solve problems and, therefore, students used theories to explain observations and to resolve problems. The third teacher viewed science as the accumulation of knowledge, which was a position clearly reflected in classroom instruction regarding the development of atomic theory.

In days of old there was a nobleman traveling in Edinburgh, Scotland, who was approached by a little poor boy begging for money. The man told ① the child he had no loose change, so the boy offered to go get change. The nobleman, in order to get rid of ② the young pest, gave the boy a piece of silver, and the boy ran off to get change. On ③ his return, he could not find the man and in fact watched for several days in the place where he had received the money. Some time later, the nobleman happened again to pass that way. The boy approached ④ him again, and put the change he had obtained into his hand, counting it with great exactness.

The nobleman was so pleased with the child’s honesty that he placed ⑤ him in school, with the assurance of providing for him.

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|19강 3|

120. 주어진

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

은?120)

Ohio State University football coach Woody Hayes once visited the troops in Vietnam to raise their morale.

During one stop, he spoke to the troops, then asked if there was anyone from Ohio who was not able to be present because of duty.

(A) After attending classes, he went home and found Mr. Hayes waiting for him. Mr. Hayes finished signing the photograph, then stayed for a dinner of macaroni and cheese with the ex-soldier and his wife.

(B) After finding out that an Ohio soldier was on guard duty in an unsafe zone, Mr. Hayes insisted that a helicopter take him to the soldier, where he attempted to autograph a photograph for the soldier, but discovered that his only pen was out of ink.

(C) He told the soldier, “Come see me when you get home and I’ll finish signing the picture.” Three years later, the ex-soldier was attending the Ohio State University. When he went to Mr. Hayes’ office, the coach wasn’t there, but the ex-soldier did leave his telephone number. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|19강 4|

122. 다음

중 어법상 어색한 것은?122)

When Gary Paulsen wrote his novel Hatchet, about a young boy who finds himself alone in the wilderness with only a hatchet when the person piloting the small plane he is in ① dies of a heart attack, he wanted the novel to be as realistic as possible. Therefore, ② whatever the hero, Brian, experiences in the novel, Mr. Paulsen also set out to experience in real life. In doing this, he was remarkably successful, even ③ created fire using a hatchet and a stone. However, he experienced a great deal of frustration when he attempted to eat turtle eggs. The eggs so nauseated him ④ that he vomited, despite three brave attempts to eat them. Despite his lack of success in eating the turtle eggs, Mr. Paulsen decided to leave the egg-eating scene in his novel — he figured that Brian would be so hungry that he would be able to eat the eggs and not ⑤ vomit.

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|20강 1|

123. 다음

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

은?121)

When Gary Paulsen wrote his novel Hatchet, about a young boy who finds himself alone in the wilderness with only a hatchet when the person piloting the small plane he is in dies of a heart attack, he wanted the novel to be as realistic as possible.

(A) However, he experienced a great deal of frustration when he attempted to eat turtle eggs. The eggs so nauseated him that he vomited, despite three brave attempts to eat them.

(B) Therefore, whatever the hero, Brian, experiences in the novel, Mr. Paulsen also set out to experience in real life. In doing this, he was remarkably successful, even creating fire using a hatchet and a stone.

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은?123)

|19강 4|

121. 주어진

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

It seems as though the first philosophical question is the question of what ① constitutes the universe; that is, the question of what everything is made of. In asking this question humanity began the process of ② separating itself out from its magical absorption in things. In this way, the universe becomes for the first time an object of speculation and benign intellectual ③ curiosity. According to most accounts, the first person to systematically pursue answers to this type of question was Thales of Miletus, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Thales speculated that the universe was fundamentally (despite appearances) made out of water. This is not as ④ meaningful a speculation as it might initially sound. Water, as we now know, is ⑤ essential for all complex forms of life to exist, and for someone living by the sea this is a pretty intelligent first step towards what we now refer to as the science of biology.

(C) Despite his lack of success in eating the turtle eggs, Mr. Paulsen decided to leave the egg-eating scene in his novel — he figured that Brian would be so hungry that he would be able to eat the eggs and not vomit. *hatchet (한 손으로 잡을 수 있는 작은) 손도끼 **nauseate 구역질나게 하다

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|20강 2|

124. 다음

126. 다음

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?124)

The past supplies models for our behavior. From the sagas of Lewis and Clark, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Helen Keller, Rachel Carson, and a thousand others, students can draw inspiration, courage, and sometimes still-relevant causes. We’re not talking hero worship here, however, and all of the individuals named above have their ___________. Present them whole. Instead of suggesting heroes as models, suggest heroic actions. Typically people perform heroically at a key moment, not so heroically at other moments. Students need to do accurate history, coupled with historiography, to sort out in which ways their role models are worth following. Recognizing the good and not so good elements within historical individuals can also make it easier to accept that societies also contain the good and not so good. ① imperfections ④ expectations

② immortalities ⑤ personalities

|21강 3|

Many environmental problems are local in scale, and people confronted them before the word ‘environment’ existed.

(A) Noise is ubiquitous in modern life, and we do not often think of it in this way, but it has many of the hallmarks of a classic pollutant. It causes people to lose sleep and to stay away from home, and it generally degrades their quality of life.

(B) There is evidence that persistent exposure to high levels of noise can even raise blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Noise pollution can spread out from being a matter of one household affecting another, to being a serious urban problem.

(C) For example, the common practice in medieval Europe of tossing sewage into the street caused an environmental problem that was largely local in scope.

My neighbor who insists on playing heavy metal music at all hours also causes a local environmental problem.

③ convictions

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

|21강 1|

125. 다음

주어진 글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?126)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥 상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

않은 것은?125)

|22강 3|

The principal concern at the beginning of an oil spill is one of public and vessel safety. Spills that occur in areas where the oil remains confined ① increase the initial risk of fire or explosion. Public and vessel safety must be addressed immediately and the necessary actions that are taken to control or manage potential safety hazards could be economically ② costly. Areas may need to be closed or access temporarily ③ allowed for vessels, vehicles, and personnel. Operations such as welding, cutting, or other spark-generating activities may need to be restricted or ④ prohibited until the risk of fire hazard no longer exists.

Such restrictions and interferences may affect normal operations in the port or harbour, to the extent that the indirect costs could ⑤exceed the direct costs associated with any physical damage from collision, explosion or fire, loss of cargo and cleanup.

127. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?127)

Glands are so complex and are effected by so many different things that it would be very ① difficult to simply list what is harmful and what is beneficial to them. But, there is one main thing that is vital for all glandular functions. All the glands of the body require minerals to produce hormones and to perform their specific jobs. When there are not ② enough minerals in the diet, the digestive juices receive the supply that is available. This means that the nerves, tissues, teeth and bones will be mineral ③ deficient and that their functions will be greatly hampered. If this state of mineral deficiency is not remedied, eventually the glands will become affected. This will in turn cause ④ normal body conditions that can only result in disease. Because the body obtains minerals through the food that is eaten, it is essential that a variety of fresh, raw food be eaten so the body will ⑤ receive the necessary minerals.

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|22강 4|

128. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은?128)

Science is viewed by many as ① definitive, basing its conclusions on facts, and that it can deliver answers to questions and problems. However, scientists do not start from the premise of science being about ② relative ‘truths’ or definitive answers. Any person working in the field of science understands that the idea of truth in science is also relative. The mistake happens when people consider the pursuit of science to be the pursuit of ③ truth. Science can often result in a ④ confused understanding of the world. If we take light for example, is it a wave or a particle? What is the ‘true’ nature of light? Is it a mixture of waves and particles or is it the way in which we try to make sense of light, by categorizing its essential features according to properties that fit a wave model or a particle model, that is getting in the way of our ⑤ understanding of its real or ‘true’ form?

|23강 1|

129. 다음

|23강 2|

130. 다음

Destination choice is an important attribute that significantly differentiates between inbound and outbound tourism.

(B) Typically mature age customers have more time at hand with greater disposable incomes. Therefore mature age customers would prefer to go on a real holiday and tend to be more inclined towards selecting an international destination.

(C) Similarly, mature age customers may try alternative modes of travel such as cruises, trains etc., as time is not a factor that blocks them from selecting these options.

However, younger customers have many limitations in comparison to mature age customers in terms of time, money, and career.

(A) Therefore, outbound tourism is a preferred destination choice for younger customers only when it is linked to business or personal purposes. Also in comparison to mature age customers, younger customers would spend less time in a single destination and may tend to travel to a greater number of destinations in a year.

글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?129)

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

If you are a student athlete, you’ll understand that pressure comes from a variety of sources.

(A) Above all these sources, however, is the pressure you put on yourself. Some of you expect perfection from yourselves every time you’re out there — a super goal, but one that’s guaranteed to stress you out since no one is perfect.

(B) If you’re a freshman or sophomore, you might feel pressure to impress the coach in order to earn a starting spot or move up to varsity. If you have super-involved parents who have poured a lot of time and money into your sport, you might feel pressure to please them.

(C) If you’re involved in individual sports such as tennis or skiing, you might feel pressure to win every time you play or race. In a team sport, you might feel pressure to perform up to various expectations — a certain number of rebounds or strikeouts, for example. If you’re hoping to play in college, you might feel pressure to impress college scouts. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

주어진 글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?130)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|23강 2|

131. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?131)

Destination choice is an important attribute that significantly differentiates between inbound and outbound tourism. Typically mature age customers have more time at hand with ① greater disposable incomes. Therefore mature age customers would prefer to go on a real holiday and tend to be more inclined towards selecting an ② international destination. Similarly, mature age customers may try alternative modes of travel such as cruises, trains etc., as time is not a factor that ③ blocks them from selecting these options. However, younger customers have many limitations in comparison to mature age customers in terms of time, money, and career.

Therefore, ④ inbound tourism is a preferred destination choice for younger customers only when it is linked to business or personal purposes. Also in comparison to mature age customers, younger customers would spend ⑤ less time in a single destination and may tend to travel to a greater number of destinations in a year.

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|23강 3|

132. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?132)

Severe time limitations make shopping more difficult and appear to take away from the ① unhurried style of leisure shopping. Consumers seem to enjoy having a sense of ② unlimited time and temporal freedom to browse and stroll about. One study noted that shoppers who felt ③ rushed for time or had some kind of limits on their time in retail pursuits did not consider their experience a leisured one. Conversely, some participants felt that too much time spent shopping also influenced their experience in a ④ negative manner. It appears, then, that having a choice in time terms can make or break the leisure shopping experience. Too ⑤ little time to shop, usually the plight of accompanying companions, can cause mental tiring from the constant display of goods and physical fatigue from hours of walking, inspecting goods, and carrying shopping bags.

|24강 3|

134. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?134)

Compared to dreaming, when we are awakened, most of our thoughts and actions ① are deliberate and meaningful. And, even the thoughts that enter our mind unconsciously still have relevance to something that matters to us, ② which is not the case with most of our dreams. This is not to be oblivious to the idea that sometimes our dreams represent our deeper subconscious psyche. However, most dreams do not even remotely relate to our lives. Thus, in my opinion, abstract arts, as ③ compared to rhythmic arts or imitative arts, ④ resembling the state of dreaming as compared to the state of being awake, and the greatest majority of abstract arts lack any substance that could be expressed in a meaningful way despite the fact that many of them might be very pleasant ⑤ to look at.

|24강 2|

133. 다음

주어진 글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?133)

|24강 3|

In many ways, digital photography has turned the usual approach to photography on its head.

(A) You can’t do that with film, where the exposure is permanent and you have to move on to the next frame.

Digital photography certainly frees you up to do more shooting, but it’s a double-edged sword because it also allows you to do a lot of really bad shooting.

(B) It used to be that a photographer would look and then shoot, taking time to compose the image and look for important relationships within the scene before tripping the shutter, even if it was as rapid-fire as street photography.

(C) Today, most digital photographers shoot and then look. They expose the image first, then look at the display on the camera back to see what they captured.

Digital cameras make it easy to proceed in that manner because if you’re not pleased with the image you’ve captured, you can simply delete it. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

135. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?135)

Compared to dreaming, when we are awakened, most of our thoughts and actions are ① deliberate and meaningful. And, even the thoughts that enter our mind unconsciously still have ② relevance to something that matters to us, which is not the case with most of our dreams. This is not to be oblivious to the idea that sometimes our dreams represent our deeper ③ conscious psyche. However, most dreams do not even remotely relate to our lives. Thus, in my opinion, abstract arts, as compared to rhythmic arts or imitative arts, ④ resemble the state of dreaming as compared to the state of being awake, and the greatest majority of abstract arts ⑤ lack any substance that could be expressed in a meaningful way despite the fact that many of them might be very pleasant to look at.

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

- 34 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|26강 1|

136. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 다음 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로

바르게 짝지어진 것은?136)

Good writers leave room for their readers to think! If a writer told you absolutely everything, reading might become a little (A) [boring / exciting]. When a writer leaves room for the reader to think, the reader becomes more engaged and interested. When readers add their thinking into a story, try to figure something out, add their own (B) [musts / maybes] into the text, this is called inferring. Inferring is when readers add their own ideas and thoughts into the text. As writers, we want to engage and invite our readers into our stories, and sometimes that means not telling them (C) [everything / anything].

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) boring boring boring exciting exciting

(B) maybes musts maybes musts maybes

(C) everything everything anything anything anything

(A) Moreover, many of them, such as Ben, Lucy, Sam, Sophie and Charlie, were also currently among the most popular names given to babies. In 1996 the most common name given to a dog by Australians was Sam, whereas in the past Dog was the most common name.

(B) In Britain, for example, the 1980s marked a turning point away from the use of ‘traditional canine’ names, especially Shep, Brandy, Whisky, Rex, Lassie and Rover.

By 1995 the National Canine Defence League’s survey found that the ten most popular dog names were all human.

(C) Like pet food during the 1960s, pets themselves were frequently given dog-specific names such as Rex, Fido and Rover; or cat-specific names such as Kitty, Tibby or Sooty. However, in Australia, the UK and USA companion animals are now more likely to be given human names. *canine 개의 ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|26강 4|

139. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 다음 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로

바르게 짝지어진 것은?139) |26강 1|

137.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?137)

Good writers _____________________! If a writer told you absolutely everything, reading might become a little boring. When a writer leaves room for the reader to think, the reader becomes more engaged and interested.

When readers add their thinking into a story, try to figure something out, add their own maybes into the text, this is called inferring. Inferring is when readers add their own ideas and thoughts into the text. As writers, we want to engage and invite our readers into our stories, and sometimes that means not telling them everything. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

tell interesting stories to their readers leave room for their readers to think make their readers write on their own infer as much as possible when writing ask their readers to replace their roles

Developmental limitations in expressive and receptive language skills, limited vocabulary knowledge, and limitations in abstract thinking ability contribute to young children’s (A) [development / difficulty] in communicating effectively. Perhaps the major therapeutic power of play that has been described in the literature is its communication power. In play, children are able to express their conscious thoughts and feelings better through play activities than by words alone. Children are naturally (B) [comfortable / uncomfortable] with expression through concrete play activities and materials.

Use of symbolic representation and expression through dolls and puppets provides emotional distance from emotionally charged experiences, thoughts, and feelings.

Through (C) [direct / indirect] expression in play the child can gain awareness of troublesome affects and memories and begin the process of healing.

|26강 2|

138. 다음

주어진 글에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?138)

Names are an important guide to the social significance of pets.

- 35 -

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) development development difficulty difficulty difficulty

(B) comfortable uncomfortable comfortable uncomfortable comfortable

(C) direct direct direct indirect indirect

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|27강 1|

140. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?140)

Higher temperatures cause ① greater evaporation both from soils and from water bodies. Dry soils and heat-stressed vegetation contribute to a greater number and intensity of forest fires. The smoke and ② low visibility from fires causes massive traffic pile-ups and has prompted highway closures. The ③ increase in evaporation from water bodies adds water vapor to the atmosphere, which fuels storms. Superstorm Sandy and Typhoon Bopha were fueled by ④ lower sea surface temperatures and higher amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere. Superstorm Sandy flooded the subway system of Manhattan in New York City in 2012. Adding heat to the climate system has resulted in a greater number of severe weather events and a significant ⑤ increase in operating expenses for the transportation industry.

(A) Many people become less mentally flexible as they get older, hence the stiffness and loss of physical flexibility experienced by so many older adults. It can happen the other way around as well: if we become more mentally flexible, our physical flexibility can increase.

(B) I’m living proof that this is possible. When I was younger, I was quite rigid in my attitudes and physically inflexible as well. Not surprisingly, I disliked stretching exercises. Contrary to what is expected to occur as we age, my physical flexibility has increased considerably, and I now enjoy stretching exercises.

(C) Facial wrinkles (expression lines) may be an external manifestation of people’s automatic reactions — habitually doing the same things and repeatedly making the same choices. An inflexible body can be a physical representation of becoming set in one’s ways. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|29강 3|

143. 다음

은?143)

|28강 1|

141. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?141)

The Abilene paradox was suggested by Jerry Harvey as a result of his experiences on a trip to Abilene. Sitting together with his family on a very hot (104°F) Sunday afternoon, Jerry’s father-in-law suggested that the family, who were at that point quite ① relaxed, all travel to Abilene to have dinner. This would involve a round trip of over four hours in a car without air conditioning. The family set off across the desert in ② blasting temperatures, to eat a tasteless meal, only to return home ③ satisfied. What was significant about the event was that nobody in the family wanted to go in the first place, even Jerry’s father-in-law. They had assumed that each of the others wanted to go. Nobody had raised doubts about the journey because they wanted to keep the others ④ happy. In fact, everyone had done exactly the ⑤ opposite of what they really wanted to do.

|28강 2|

142. 다음

주어진 글 뒤에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것

은?142)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것

Occasionally, governments explicitly discriminate against foreign companies in favour of domestic companies.

(A) International companies affect the macro-economic policies of individual countries particularly through their (potentially) positive impact on trade and investment flows, competition, technology transfer and tax income. In consequence, governments prefer to use incentives rather than sanctions, and non-discrimination principles rather than discriminatory practices in their policies towards multinational enterprises.

(B) However, with the increasing foreign content of domestic products, and increasingly ambiguous ownership structures of leading companies, the distinction between ‘foreign’ and ‘domestic’ has become increasingly challenged. In addition, national and local host governments have good reasons to attract (or retain) large foreign multinational enterprises.

(C) For instance, in 2005 the government of Argentina (successfully) stimulated consumers to boycott Shell after the company had raised the oil price. In many countries more subtle ‘buy national’ campaigns are still implemented in which consuming products from home companies is favoured over ‘foreign’ products.

Your body is not a vehicle you inhabit; it is a creation of your nonphysical being and therefore reflects your personality characteristics.

- 36 -

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|29강 4|

144. 다음

146. 다음

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?144)

Morality and the law do not always cover the same ground. In societies with some separation between the sacred and the secular, the law alone would be insufficient to maintain the cohesion of society: moral prescriptions are essential. Some actions that are generally considered as moral or immoral are outside the scope of the law. In general, the law is concerned with the more extreme examples of what one should not do, while morality emphasizes everyday misdeeds and what one should do. For instance, it is regarded as morally right to give to charity, but (in the UK) there is no law that one should. In this case, then, morality has regard for the common good, but the law at most encourages donations.

In normal circumstances and over trivial issues, taking more than one’s share is ___________________. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

|Test1 2|

unacceptable in terms of the law a moral but not a legal matter understandable in moral sphere promoted in a secular society a matter of illegal distribution

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은?146)

In organizations, there is no simple cause-and-effect relationship between introducing a management technique and getting an improved business result. This ① contrasts with other spheres of activity where simple causal relationships do seem to operate. Hit the nail with the hammer, and it goes into the wood. Show a dog food, and it salivates. This kind of simple cause-and-effect logic can be ② misleading if applied to the complex world of organizations, where it is difficult to trace single effects to single causes. ③ controllable outside factors can sink a wonderfully designed team (a hurricane just swept the entire inventory out to sea) or rescue one whose design was so bad that failure seemed ④ assured (the firm that was competing for the contract just went belly-up). In organizations, multiple causes are operating at the same time and interacting with each over an ⑤ extended period of time.

|Test1 3| |30강 2|

145. 다음

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?145)

In professional nursing today, there is an increasing emphasis on ______________. Almost all of the currently used nursing theories address this issue in some way.

Simply stated, evidence-based practice is the practice of nursing in which interventions are based on data from research that demonstrates that they are appropriate and successful. It involves a systematic process of uncovering, evaluating, and using information from research as the basis for making decisions about and providing client care. Many nursing practices and interventions of the past were performed merely because they had always been done that way (accustomed practice) or because of deductions from pathophysiological information. Clients are now more sophisticated and knowledgeable about health-care issues and demand a higher level of knowledge and skill from their health-care providers.

147. 다음

Repeated exposure makes us respond positively to strangers who just happen to look familiar to us. The mere fact that a person looks like our uncle Harry, our old friend Mary, or the cashier at our neighborhood grocery store is enough to make him or her seem familiar and thus less threatening. This occurs even when we are not consciously aware that we were exposed to a particular face. In a study that demonstrated this, subjects were asked to talk about some neutral topic with two people who were confederates of the experimenter. Before the conversation, a photograph of one of the confederates was flashed on a screen so quickly that the subjects were unaware of it. Despite their lack of awareness of this subliminal exposure, the subjects still responded more __________ toward the familiar person than they did toward the person whose photograph was not flashed.

*pathophysiological 병리생리학적인 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?147)

keeping patients informed aggressive intervention proved past treatment knowing disease history evidence-based practice

*confederate 공모자, 일당 **subliminal 부지불식간에 영향을 미치는 ① favorably ② defensively ④ submissively⑤ consciously

- 37 -

③ suspiciously

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|Test1 3|

148. 주어진

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것

|Test1 4|

150. (A),

은?148)

게 짝지어진 것은?150)

Repeated exposure makes us respond positively to strangers who just happen to look familiar to us. The mere fact that a person looks like our uncle Harry, our old friend Mary, or the cashier at our neighborhood grocery store is enough to make him or her seem familiar and thus less threatening.

(C) This occurs even when we are not consciously aware that we were exposed to a particular face. In a study that demonstrated this, subjects were asked to talk about some neutral topic with two people who were confederates of the experimenter.

(A) Before the conversation, a photograph of one of the confederates was flashed on a screen so quickly that the subjects were unaware of it.

Have you ever been in such a hurry to get somewhere that your memory of the journey is (A) [faint / feint]?

The same can be true if you are searching for that specific someone to move your career forward or provide that perfect connection — you will miss some people that could have been very (B) [incompetent / influential] in your life. By all means set yourself a goal of contacting a whole group of people that fall into a specific category or job title if that is what you have decided will further your ambitions, but make sure you enjoy the journey too.

You just don’t know how some people will influence your life over time. You may determine that the shop owner will be of no (C) [benefit / benevolent] to your aspirations of being a DJ on the radio, only to find that his sister is the star presenter on the local station. You can count the number of seeds in the apple, but not the number of apples in the seed.

(B) Despite their lack of awareness of this subliminal exposure, the subjects still responded more favorably toward the familiar person than they did toward the person whose photograph was not flashed. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

(B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맡는 낱말로 바르

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

(A) feint faint faint faint feint

(B) incompetent incompetent influential influential influential

|Test1 5|

|Test1 3|

149. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

(C) benevolent benefit benefit benevolent benevolent

151. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은?151)

지 않은 것은?149)

Repeated exposure makes us respond positively to strangers who just happen to look ① familiar to us. The mere fact that a person looks like our uncle Harry, our old friend Mary, or the cashier at our neighborhood grocery store is enough to make him or her seem familiar and thus less ② comforting. This occurs even when we are not ③ consciously aware that we were exposed to a particular face. In a study that demonstrated this, subjects were asked to talk about some neutral topic with two people who were confederates of the experimenter. Before the conversation, a photograph of one of the confederates was flashed on a screen so quickly that the subjects were ④ unaware of it. Despite their lack of awareness of this subliminal exposure, the subjects still responded more ⑤ favorably toward the familiar person than they did toward the person whose photograph was not flashed.

The general public generally views sport only as a physical activity. Those involved in competitive sports, however, know that performance is also closely linked to ① mental and psychological capacities. To take part in intensive training and competition, athletes need to have the ability to concentrate and ② persevere, to accept self-sacrifice and self-denial, to withstand suffering, and to ③ abstain from specific activities and food. In modem sports, athletes can only succeed at the highest level if they combine the necessary physical and mental qualities.

Athletes’ performance tends to ④ improve significantly after mental training. Experienced trainers and educators have often seen naturally talented young athletes fail in their performances due to a lack of mental abilities while ⑤ more gifted youths succeed because of their exceptional mental will and strength.

- 38 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|Test1 14|

152. 주어진

|Test1 15|

154. 다음

글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?152)

지 않은 것은?154)

Uncertainty is a basic fact of life.

(A) Although all Xpress Sportscars are not exactly the same, they are so similar that you can predict with some confidence that the new Sportscar you are considering will be reliable. Kansas City style barbecue ribs are not identical, but they taste more similar to one another than they do to roast chicken or tofu dishes.

(B) Despite uncertainty, people must make predictions about the world. Will the car you are considering buying be reliable? Will you like the food you order? When you see an animal in the woods, what should you do? One source of information that reduces uncertainty is category membership.

(C) Knowing the category of an entity therefore serves to reduce the uncertainty associated with it, and the category reduces uncertainty to the degree that the category members are uniform with respect to the prediction you want to make. This category-based induction is one of the main ways that categories are useful to us in everyday life. ① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

TV can influence creative thought. This is a concern in the U.S. because children watch an average of 30 hours each week. Certain TV programs are designed specifically for children and intended to be ① educational. But even these are probably bad influences. This is because all TV shows require a ② passive viewer. The children watching TV do not need to think for themselves. TV shows can ask questions and pause, allowing a viewer to think, and this might be marginally ③ ineffective, but TV programs tend to be fast-paced, free of gaps, and supply detailed pictures, sound and everything an individual needs. There is no room for inference, for problem solving, for ④ originality. Programmers do not want gaps or opportunities for the viewers to think for themselves; they might turn the channel! In this light all TV is very likely to stifle development because of the medium, not the content. You can have a good TV show, but it is still TV and thus still leads to intellectual ⑤ passivity. *stifle 억누르다

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|Test1 16|

155. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않은 것은?153)

Uncertainty is a basic fact of life. Despite uncertainty, people must make ① predictions about the world. Will the car you are considering buying be reliable? Will you like the food you order? When you see an animal in the woods, what should you do? One source of information that ② reduces uncertainty is category membership.

Although all Xpress Sportscars are not exactly the same, they are so ③ special that you can predict with some confidence that the new Sportscar you are considering will be reliable. Kansas City style barbecue ribs are not ④ identical, but they taste more similar to one another than they do to roast chicken or tofu dishes. Knowing the category of an entity therefore serves to reduce the uncertainty associated with it, and the category reduces uncertainty to the degree that the category members are ⑤ uniform with respect to the prediction you want to make. This category-based induction is one of the main ways that categories are useful to us in everyday life.

글의 문맥 상, (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 낱말로 바르게

짝지어진 것은?155)

|Test1 14|

153. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

Wishful thinking is stronger than dollars. Recent research has proven that people have an enormous ability to lie to themselves and (A) [admit / avoid] seeing the truth. Duke University professor Dan Ariely describes a clever experiment. A group of people are given an intelligence test, but half of them are “accidentally” shown a response sheet, allowing them to look up correct answers before recording their own. Needless to say, they score (B) [above / below] the rest. Next, everybody is asked to predict their grades on the next IQ test, in which there will be absolutely no cheat sheets — and those who predict correctly will get paid. Surprisingly, the half of the group that scored higher with cheat sheets predicted (C) [higher / lower] results for the next test. The cheaters wanted to believe they were very smart, even though their incorrect predictions of success would cost them money.

- 39 -

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) admit admit avoid avoid avoid

(B) above below above below above

(C) lower lower lower higher higher

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|Test1 19|

156. 다음

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

|Test1 21|

158. 다음

은 것은?156)

밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?158)

The concept of a rational action can be seen to be quite complex: it is a hybrid concept. A rational action is one that is not ① irrational. Any action that is not irrational counts as rational; that is, any action that does not have (is not believed to have) ② harmful consequences for you or those for whom you care is rational. So rationality does involve, if only indirectly, the ③ egocentric character of an irrational action. However, the concept of a rational action also incorporates the concept of a reason, and reasons need not be egocentric.

The fact (belief) that anyone will ④ benefit from your actions is a reason. Reasons are not limited to facts (beliefs) about benefits to you or those for whom you care. Thus an action that has (is believed to have) harmful consequences for you can be rational if (you believe) there are compensating ⑤ harms for others, even if you do not care about them.

The ancients made a distinction between knowledge and wisdom: unlike wisdom, knowledge was understood to be something that can be ① taught. If you pay attention to a lecture on physics, chemistry, or history, you will probably come away with knowledge — facts and information — you didn’t have before. Knowledge can be given, taught. Although ② possessing knowledge is important and an essential part of wisdom, it does not by itself ensure wisdom, whose elements are understanding, insight, good judgment, and the capacity to live and guide one’s conduct well. Many ③ uneducated people, in fact, are not good at making practical decisions, and they aren’t noticeably ④ better at living moral lives than other people are. They have knowledge, but they lack wisdom.

And it is with wisdom that moral philosophy is most concerned, for philosophy, etymologically, is the love of wisdom (philo-, “love”; sophos, “wisdom” — from Greek). Moral philosophy, therefore, is the love and ⑤ pursuit of wisdom in moral matters.

|Test1 19|

157. 다음

(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것은?157)

The concept of a rational action can be seen to be quite complex: it is a hybrid concept. A rational action is one that is not irrational. Any action that is not irrational counts as rational; (A) , any action that does not have (is not believed to have) harmful consequences for you or those for whom you care is rational. So rationality does involve, if only indirectly, the egocentric character of an irrational action.

(B) , the concept of a rational action also incorporates the concept of a reason, and reasons need not be egocentric. The fact (belief) that anyone will benefit from your actions is a reason.

Reasons are not limited to facts (beliefs) about benefits to you or those for whom you care. Thus an action that has (is believed to have) harmful consequences for you can be rational if (you believe) there are compensating benefits for others, even if you do not care about them.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

(A) in other words instead contrarily that is however

(B) Therefore For example That is However Furthermore

|Test1 23|

159. 글의

흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절

한 곳은?159)

This fear begins during the second half of the first year of life, and although it is modifiable by culture, it is never totally absent from human social relationships.

Human social life originates with the evolution of parental care and the mother-infant bond. (①) The behavior between mother and infant, and later between father and infant, is the foundation stone for adult bonding, friendliness, and love, all of which are at the heart of social organization. (②)Unfortunately, all mammals, including humans, demonstrate ambivalence about other people. (②) As powerfully wired as we are for social contact, so too are we wired for “xenophobia”: the fear of strangers. (③) This inherent conflict is probably what propelled our evolution into relatively small social groups; we needed social bonds, and yet we had to minimize our fear-arousing contact with strangers. (④) Thus, the perfect solution is a fixed, relatively small group of familiar people. (⑤) Modern urban life, of course, poses serious problems in this regard. *ambivalence 모순된 감정 **xenophobia 낯선 사람 공포증

- 40 -

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

|Test2-1|

160. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않는 것은? 160)

As many of you know, many street lights were not ①replaced after Hurricane Charley in our neighborhood. Neighborhood watch group members are coming around with street maps indicating where we believe street light ②restore is needed in our neighborhood. Keeping our streets well lit is a ③major deterrent to crime. We have a very dark area along Cousley in front of the Town Hall Tower which must be addressed. We also have some other streets that could benefit from some ④additional light. We will be putting stakes in the ground where we feel these lights may be located. Please let us know if you are opposed to the addition of more street lights in the ⑤marked locations. Call your neighborhood watch group member, or Denise Richard at 940.135.5599 to express your opinion. The lights will be installed at no expense to homeowners in this neighborhood. *deterrent 억제책

|Test2-5|

161. 다음

|Test2-21|

162. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 162) Some prominent journalists say that archaeologists should work with treasure hunters because treasure hunters have accumulated valuable historical artifacts that can reveal much about the past. But archaeologists are not asked to cooperate with tomb robbers, who also have valuable historical artifacts.

(A) Then, to interpret those finds, they had to learn Russian, Bulgarian, and Romanian, without which they would never have learned the true nature of the site.

Could a commercial archaeologist have waited more than a decade or so before selling the finds?

(B) The quest for profit and the search for knowledge cannot coexist in archaeology because of the time factor. Rather incredibly, an archaeologist employed by a treasure hunting firm said that as long as archaeologists are given six months to study shipwrecked artifacts before they are sold, no historical knowledge is lost!

(C) On the contrary, archaeologists from the INA (Institute of Nautical Archaeology) needed more than a decade of year-round conservation before they could even catalog all the finds from an eleventh-century AD wreck they had excavated.

빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?161)

*INA 해양고고학 연구소 **excavate 발굴하다

Cotton growing and manufacturing evolved independently in three regions of the world, South Asia, Central America, and East Africa. From these regions, however, knowledge spread rapidly along existing trade and migration routes — from Mesoamerica to the north, for example, and from East Africa to the west.

Central to these movements of the cotton industry was India. From there, cotton growing and manufacturing skills moved west, east, and south, placing Asia at the center of the global cotton industry, where it would remain until well into the nineteenth century, and return again in the late twentieth century. India’s location, and skill with cotton, was most to the plant’s prominent role in our world, since a group of Europeans, clothed no doubt in fur, wool, and linen, was most impressed when they stumbled more than two thousand years ago upon these amazing new fabrics arriving from a mythical “East.” *stumble upon ~을 우연히 발견하다

① insignificant ④ magical

② grave ⑤ desperate

③ generous

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

|Test3-2|

163. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않는 것은? 163)

A tightly knit community can ①minimize the problem of street crime. However, informal social control also poses a threat to the diversity of behavior that exists in a pluralistic society, even though it may curb violent crime. Still, street crime would ②increase if interaction among the residents of a community were more frequent, and if social bonds were ③stronger. A sense of responsibility for other citizens and for the community as a whole would increase individuals’ willingness to report crime to the police and the likelihood of their intervention in a crime in progress.

Greater willingness of community residents to report crime to the police might also ④prevent the need for civilian police patrols. More interaction in public places and human traffic on the sidewalks would increase surveillance of the places where people now fear to go.

More intense social ties would ⑤reinforce surveillance with a willingness to take action against offenders. *curb 억제하다 **surveillance 감시

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|Test3-3|

164. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?164)

In studying behaviour one tries to keep the animal in as natural conditions as possible. The trouble is that in its normal environment ①may the animal be inaccessible and its behaviour obscured. On the other hand, if it is brought into the laboratory its normal behaviour patterns may be ②hopelessly interfered with by captivity or by subjecting it to artificial experimental situations. This problem is immediately multiplied if the animal ③is operated on in any way, such as having recording electrodes stuck into its brain. An animal behaviour scientist must therefore compromise between the inconvenience of studying the animal in its natural surroundings ④or the artificiality of subjecting it to the unnatural conditions of the laboratory. Frequently both approaches ⑤are used, first the one and then the other. *obscure 알기 어렵게 하다 **electrode 전극

Curiously, we seem to be born to worry — perhaps an artifact of ancient memories carried over from ancestral times when there were countless threats to our survival. ①However, most of the worries we have today are not about really serious threats. ②By redirecting our awareness to setting positive goals and building a strong, optimistic sense of accomplishment, we strengthen the areas in our frontal lobe that suppress our tendency to react to imaginary fears. ③ Not only do we build neural circuits relating to happiness, contentment, and life satisfaction, we also strengthen specific circuits that enhance our social awareness and our ability to empathize with others. ④ This is the ideal state in which effective communication can prosper. ⑤ *frontal lobe 전두엽 **empathize 공감하다

|Test3-16| |Test3-7|

165. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않는 것은?165)

Good writers are not passive; they don’t simply record immediate responses. They look closely, ask questions, analyze, make connections, and think.

Learning to see with a writer’s eye ①benefits not just those who write for a living but all professionals. In any career you choose, success depends on keen observation and ②minute analysis. A skilled physician detects minor symptoms in a physical or follows up on a patient’s complaint to ask questions that lead to a ③ diagnosis others might miss. A successful stockbroker observes overlooked trends and conducts research to detect new investment opportunities. A passerby might ④resume a busy store must be successful, but a retail analyst would observe what merchandise people are purchasing and how they are paying for it. If all the shoppers are buying discount items and paying with credit cards, the store could be ⑤losing money on the sales.

167. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 167) In 2010, Tal Eyal of Ben-Gurion University in Israel and Nicholas Epley of the University of Chicago published the results of a series of experiments aimed at improving our person and mind perception skills.

(A) For that of others, we form a surface judgment based on overall gist. So, there are two mismatches: we aren’t quite sure how others are seeing us, and we are incorrectly judging how they see themselves.

(B) Many of our errors, the researchers found, stem from a basic mismatch between how we analyze ourselves and how we analyze others. When it comes to ourselves, we employ a fine-grained, highly contextualized level of detail.

(C) When we think about others, however, we operate at a much higher, more generalized and abstract level.

For our own appearance, we think about how our hair is looking that morning, whether we got enough sleep, how well that shirt matches our complexion. *complexion 얼굴빛

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

|Test3-15|

166. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳 은? 166)

We can learn how to retrain our brain by interrupting these negative thoughts and fears.

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② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

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|Test3-20|

168. 다음

글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

지 않는 것은?168)

Perhaps the most famous case of planned breakability — designing a product with an ①artificially limited useful life — is that of the light bulb. Today, more than 150 years after the light bulb was invented, an average modern incandescent bulb lasts 750 hours.

So why is there an incandescent light bulb in Livermore, California, that has been burning ②nonstop for 110 years? It’s because in 1924 in Geneva, all the light bulb manufacturers got together and created a cartel, at the time called Phoebus, to cut the life of a light bulb. By making the filaments less ③stable than they needed to be, light bulbs would burn out ④slower, and the cartel could sell more. It was so serious that manufacturers were fined if their light bulbs lasted more than 1,500 hours. Before 1924 the average bulb lasted about 2,500 hours. Within a decade it was at 1,500 hours and has since ⑤declined to today’s 750. *filament (전구 안에 든) 필라멘트 **(incandescent) light bulb 백열전구

|Test3-21|

169. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? 169) Functionalism approaches socialization from the perspective of the group rather than the individual.

From it, we gain the image of people adapting to the attitudes of others, conforming to role expectations, and internalizing the norms and values of their community.

(A) The functionalist perspective assumes that small children are relatively unformed. Through socialization, they develop a social self that reflects the society in which they live.

(B) The object of socialization is to pass on the cultural patterns of a given society or group so that new members can function effectively within it. This incorporation of values and roles occurs through emotionally significant reactions that are shaped by the social group.

(C) According to this, people are passive beings who are programmed in the ways of their society, leading to the criticism that functionalism presents an “over-socialized conception of man.” *unformed 충분히 발달되지 않은

① (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)

② (B)-(A)-(C) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

③ (B)-(C)-(A)

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정답지

when it comes to는 ~에 관해서라는 의미로 이때의 to는 전 치사로 쓰인다. 따라서 동명사인 dealing을 써야한다.

1) ② 접속사 that이 나왔기 때문에 문장에서는 동사의 개수가 2개 가 존재해야하는데, we should face에서 동사 하나가 더 나 왔다. 이 문장은 if we should face a wildfire.에서 if가 생 략된 도치구문이다. 따라서 should we face로 변경해야한다.

14) ① 선행사가 preserves, wildlife refuges, or parks이고 주어 (human impact on wildlife)뒤에 수동태(is minimized)로 완전한 문장이 왔기 때문에 which를 관계부사 where로 바꿔 야한다.

2) ④ L-3가 주제문으로 고객의 의견조사 참여를 요청하는 글이 이 글의 목적이다.

15) ④ 주어진 문장에 Both가 지칭하는 부분은 두 가지(learn how to ~ 와 develop technologies that ~)이다. 지시문에서는 이 두 가지가 오늘날에 부족하다고 이야기하고 있으므로 ④이 글의 흐름상 적절하다.

3) ① 바로 뒤에 문장에서 This가 지시하는 부분이 관계의 조건에 대해 더 많은 협상을 가능하게 하는 것으로 보아 불평등이 아닌 평등한 상태(equality)가 적절하다.

4) ④ 캐나다의 Douglas Coupland와 일본의 Haruki Murakami 는 세계화로 인한 공유된 자료를 통해서 상호간의 더 많은 공통점을 가지고 있다는 말이 적절하다. 따라서 common으 로 바꿔야한다.

5) ① 제시문에 신문 기자의 직업 전망은 좋기도 하고 나쁘기도 하 다고 나왔기 때문에 장단점 모두를 포함할 수 있는 곳에 위 치해야한다. ①번 뒤에 문장은 단점에 그리고 Writing opportunities ~부터는 장점이 나와 있다 6) ⑤ 이상적이지 않은 상태에서 적합한 옷이 매력이 없는 것으로 판명될 것이다는 논리적으로 모순이므로 deviated를 사용해 서 이상적인 상태에서 벗어난 품목은 매력이 없다로 해야한 다.

7) ⑤ 앞에 선행사가 없고 뒤에 주어가 없는 불완전한 문장이므로 관계대명사 what으로 바꿔야한다. hitherto는 부사이다.

8) ② 제시문에서 언급한 사회과학에서 실제로 앞에서 언급한 인과 관계를 찾는 것은 어렵다고 했고, ②뒤에 주관을 개입하지 않 는 것은 매우 어렵다고 부연설명이 들어가고 있다. 또한 지시 대명사 that은 바로 앞 문장을 지시한다.

9) ⑤ 인간의 행동이 예측불가능하고 실험대상자가 자유의지를 가지 고 있어 모델이 다양한 상황에 맞지 않을 수 있다는 제시문 의 예시가 미국의 예를 통해서 제시했다.

10) ① consist는 자동사로 문장에서 수동태로 쓰일 수 없다. 따라서 consisting으로 바꿔야한다.

11) ② 광고주들은 방송과 같은 대중 매체를 통해서 우호적으로 영향 을 받을 소비자들로 구성되는 대상자들에게 관심을 끌려한다 고 첫 문장의 언급으로 보아 유동적이지 않은 획일적인 (undifferentiated) 시청자들이 적절하다.

12) ③ (A)의 앞부분에서 돈은 충분히 많이 벌었다고 나오지만 뒤에 서 수입관리 때문에 가난하게 생을 마쳤다는 의미로 역접의 Yet이 적절하고, 두 명의 예시를 통해서 특정분야에 비범한 지능이나 재능이 한 분야에서 국한된다는 결론을 이야기하는 부분이기 때문에 (B)의 부분에 연결어는 Thus가 적절하다.

13) ①

16) ⑤ 남의 관심을 끌려는 외동아이는 자신의 말만이 중요하다고 생 각하는 사람으로 성장하고 그것을 우선순위로 염두에 둔다면 예의바른 사람이 아니라 spoiled 예의 없는 사람으로 바꿔야 한다.

17) ③ 보기문의 내용은 데이터 라이브러리가 증가한 긍정적인 부분 에 이야기하고 (B)부터는 개인의 취약성과 개인 정보 가치의 증가초래가 일어나고 (C)에서 이 새로운 데이터는 (B)부분의 information about you를 지칭하고 그 외에 추가적인 정보 를 수집하는 것이 용이해져서 (A)는 예시를 통해 사생활 침해 에 관하여 언급하고 있다.

18) ⑤ 앞에 the impression이 있고 뒤에는 2형식의 완전한 문장이 왔으므로 동격접속사 that이 들어가는 것이 적절하다.

19) ③ 제시문에서 이것은 문화적 편견이다라고 이야기하며 앞에 이 성과 감정의 중요도에 대한 편견에 대하여 언급하고 뒤에는 감정과 이성이 공동작용하며 그 중요도가 동등하다는 의미가 나오기 때문에 ③이 흐름상 적절하다.

20) ④ 음반구매를 한 잔의 맥주를 살 수 있는 것만큼 쉽게(easily) 구매했다는 의미이므로 as~as 사이에 원급은 부사가 적절하 다.

21) ③ (B) They은 제시문에 prehistoric peoples를 지칭하고 (C)앞 의 선사시대 사람들은 고난을 알고 있었지만 춤이 그들의 삶 에 중요했다는 언급을 통해서 역접부분이 앞에 (A)번 뒤에 들 어간다는 것을 알 수 있다.

22) ④ ‘끊임없이 펑펑 내리는 눈송이들을 바라보며‘의 의미로 the white flakes를 수식하는 현재분사 falling가 적절하다.

23) ② the others는 the other + 복수명사를 의미한다. 이 문장에 서는 뒤에 복수명사 contestants가 나왔으므로 the other로 바꿔야한다.

24) ⑤ 공허함을 느끼고 충족감을 느끼지 못하면서라는 의미로 주어 가 we이고 being이 생략된 능동형의 feeling이 적절하다.

25) ④ 농담이 많이 퍼져있는 것이 아니라 농담 이해 능력이 선행사 가 되어야하므로 동사는 ability에 맞는 단수동사인 is를 쓰는 것이 적절하다.

26) ④

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경제적인 유인 자극은 무시하기에는 정말 강력했다는 의미로 주어가 무시당하다(to be ignored)로 쓰는 것이 적절하다.

27) ③ 제시문에서 가정수입에 대한 여성의 낮은 기여(Women’s lower contribution to the household’s income)는 ③ 전 문장의 여성이 정당한 가정재원에 있어서 받지 않는(does not mean that a young woman is receiving her fair share of the household’s resources.)을 나타내고 있다.

28) ⑤ 정치적 과정에서 제정되는 획일적인 규정을 수식하는 수동형태 의 enacted가 들어가야 절절하다.

29) ① (A)에 this balance는 제시문의 a balance를 지칭하고 (C)번 에 this가 sickness를 발생 시킨다는 의미로 보아 앞에 균형 이 깨진다는 disturbed가 들어가는 (A)뒤에 위치함을 알 수 있다. (B)의 내용은 (C)마지막 부분의 자연이 평형 상태를 회복하도록 돕는 다는 부분을 다시 한 번 끝부분에 nature to do its work로 언급하고 있으므로 (A)-(C)-(B)가 적절하 다.

30) ⑤ 제시문에 Such collaborations는 정부, NGOs, 그리고 공동 체의 노력의 지속적인 연구와 분석에 의한 것이라 언급한 ⑤ 에 들어가야 적절하다.

31) ③ 성공과 실패 경험을 공유하는 것을 촉진시켰다는 의미로 뒤에 목적어가 있기 때문에 능동형의 동명사 sharing을 사용하는 것이 적절하다.

32) ④ 제시문의 The work of governments, NGOs, communities를 ④번 뒤에 Such collaborations로 받아주 고 있다.

33) ③ 제시문은 노인들이 능력들이 많이 있다는 의미가 나왔고 ③ 뒤에 this는 이 부분을 지시하고 있다 하지만 노화의 영향 력을 부인하는 것은 아니라고 언급하고 있다. 그것으로 보 아 앞에 내용과 반대되는 노인의 긍정적인 면에대해 언급한 ③번이 적절하다.

34) ⑤ [해설] 주어진 글의 many creatures and insects가 (C)의 these creatures로 이어지고, (A)에서 나무가 기온과 기후에 영향이 첨가 되고, 마지막에 (B)의 all of this는 앞의 모든 내용을 지칭하므로, (C)-(A)-(B)의 순서가 적절하다.

35) ④ warms → cools [해설] 오크 나무가 연간 4만 갤런의 물을 방출하면, 주변의 공기를 데우는(warms) 것이 아니라 식히는(cools) 것이 적절하다.

38) ④ increased → increasing [해설] 주절의 주어(methods of processing)가 저장수명, 편리성, 식 품의 다양성을 “증가시키는” 능동관계이므로 분사구문을 increasing 으로 바꾸어야 적절하다 39) ② [해설] (A) 자기 의심이 발생하는 것은 상황이 ‘모호하기’ 때문이므 로 ‘ambiguous’가 적절하다. (B) 실제로는 빛은 움직이지 않았지만, 움직이는 것처럼 보이는 것은 ‘착시’이므로 illusion이 적절하다. (C) 객관적으로 정확한 답이 없을 때, 사람들은 스스로를 ‘의심’하고 그 결과 집단이 옳다라고 믿으므로, doubt이 적절하다.

40) ④ clarifying → complicating [해설] 음악교사 즉석 양성 프로그램의 문제점들을 나열하고 있는 본문 내용으로 보아, 시나리오를 ‘명확하게 하는것’이 아니라, ‘복잡 하게 만드는 것’이 적절하다.

41) ⑤ [해설] (A)앞에는 복잡한 소프트웨어의 품질검사는 고장내는 방법을 찾는다는 내용이 언급되었고, 뒤에는 고장난 장치를 수리하는 방법은 일부러 고장을 유발시킨다는 유사성을 언 급하므로 Similarly가 적절하다. (B)앞에는 과학자와 기술자 가 실패(부정적 결과)에 인내심을 갖고 있다는 내용이 언급 되었고, 뒤에는 성공의 비결은 부정적 결과를 수용하는 것 이라는 내용이 언급되었으므로 However가 적절하다.

42) ⑤ utilize → utilizing [해설] fantasy ~ imagination 까지 완전한 문장이고, 그 뒤에 분사 구문의 형태로 써야 하는 자리이다. 분사구문의 의미상 주어인 fantasy-role playing이 목적어 it(=imagination)와 능동관계이므로 utilizing으로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

43) ⑤ [해설] 주어진 글은 빛의 굴절을 언급한다. (C)에서 these rays는 주 어진 글의 the light lays를 지칭하고, 굴절 현상이 생기는 원리를 설명하는 순서가 적절하다. (A)에서 유리잔의 빨대가 물 밖에서 굴 절되어 보이는 내용이 (C)뒤에 어지고, 물 속에서도 빨대가 굴절되 어 보이는 (B)의 내용이 마지막에 이어지는 것이 적절하다.

44) ④ did → had 앞문장의 had loved를 대신하는 대동사이므로 had로 써야 적절하 다.

45) ① that → what 타동사 knew의 목적어 자리이고, 이어지는 문장에서 수여동사(had told)의 직접목적어가 빠진 불완전한 구조이므로 관계대명사 what 으로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

46) ⑤ which → for which [해설] 관계사절 이하에서, 그는 “그 업무를 위해서” 고용되었다라 는 문맥적 의미이므로, 목적격 관계대명사 앞에 전치사 for를 써주 어야 적절하다.

47) ④ making → made [정답] 주어 These qualities에 이어지는 making을 made로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

36) ② [해설] 주어진 글의 Advertisers는 (B)의 they로 이어지며, (B)에서 광고주들의 구체적 전략이 언급되어 있다. (B)의 마지막에 광고주들 이외에 전략을 사용하는 사람들이 있다는 내용이 (C)로 이어져야 하고, 마지막에 실험을 통해 이 전략의 효과를 입증하는 (A)의 순 서가 적절하다 37) ⑤ [해설] 주어진 문장의 this tactic은 변호사가 배심원들의 눈에 정직 하게 보인다는 인식을 만드는 것이고, 실험은 통한 입증은 그 뒤에 이어져야 하므로, 5번이 적절하다

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동사의

자리이므로,

E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

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48) ⑤ [해설] (A)선행사 Los Angeles가 관계사절에서 “그곳에서”라는 부사 의미로 사용되었므로 관계부사 where이 적절하다. (B) 명사 tours를 수식하는 과거분사의 자리이므로 made가 적절하다. (C) 명사 troupe를 수식하는 부정사의 자리이므로, tour가 적절하다.

49) ⑤ disqualified → registered [해설] Owen은 공적이 인정되어 기사 작위를 받고나서, 그 결과 ‘공인된’ 건축사가 되었다가 문맥상 적절하므로 ⑤의 disqualified를 registered로 바꾸어야 한다.

50) ② [해설] (A)앞에는 검증되지 않은 연구결과를 기자들이 입수하고, (A)뒤에는 과학에 대한 이해가 부족한 기자가 잘못 보도하는 내용 을 언급하므로 In addition이 적절하다. (B)앞에는 과학자들이 검토 되지 않은 결과를 언론에 유출하는 원인을 언급하고 (B)뒤에는 대 중들이 확인되지 않은 연구결과를 접한다는 내용이 이어지므로 Consequently가 적절하다.

[해설] 주어진 글을 부정주의는 태도라는 내용이고, (C)의 태도변화 를 위한 인식과정의 예시가 주어진 글 뒤에 이어져야 적절하다.

(A)의 The words는 (C)의 the word "don't"를 지칭하고, 부정적인 목표표현의 결과를 설명하고 있으므로 (C)뒤에 (A)가 이어져야 한 다. (A)에서 언급한 내용을 몸과 정신으로 설명하는 (B)가 이어지는 것이 자연스러운 흐름이다.

62) ⑤ [해설] 앞의 추상명사 the chance에 대한 보충설명이고 이하의 문 장구조가 완전하므로, what은 동격접속사 that으로 바꾸어야 한다.

63) ④ [해설] 주어진 글은 어린이들이 단어를 적절하게 사용하려면, 자신들이 알 고 있는 단어와 연결시키는 시간을 내는 것이 중요하다는 내용이 고, those words는 words such as quadrilateral and even triangle 를 가리키고 있으므로 알맞은 위치는 ③에 적절하다.

64) ③ Take → Taking / To take [해설] 동사 is 앞의 주어의 자리이므로, Take를 Taking 또는 To take로 바꾸어야 한다.

53) ⑤ to look → looking [해설] ‘오래된 이야기를 회상할 때’ 라는 문맥적 의미가 적절하기 때문에 looking(현재분사)로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

65) ④ [해설] (A)앞에는 수학의 언어를 모르면 수학의 개념을 이해하지 못 하고 활용할 수 없다는 내용이고, (A)뒤에는 도형을 학습할 때, 4각 형이나 3각형이라는 용어도 어떤 학생에게는 어려울수 있다는 예시 에 해당하므로 For example이 적절하다.

(B)앞부분은 (수학의 언어를 몰라서 수학개념을 이해하지 못할는 아이들에게) 수학의 언어가 아이들이 이미 알고 있는 단어와 연결 시키는 시간을 통해서 학습의 결과가 나온다는 내용이고, (B)뒤에는 시간들여 설명할 가치가 없어 보이는 쉬운 단어도 아이들에게는 혼 동(수학의 용어를 이해못함)을 야기시킬수 있다는 내용의 첨가관계 이므로 Moreover가 적절하다.

54) ⑤ affection → hatred [정답] Turner는 개척자의 개인주의를 민주주의에 대한 이상과 연 결지은 작가이고 검소, 절약, 국에 의한 통치를 신봉했으므로 귀족 계층, 독점, 특권에 대한 ‘증오’를 가졌다는 것이 문맥상 적절하다.

66) ④ lacks → contains [해설] 장미가 다앙한 변화의 과정 속에도 그 자체로 아름다운 이 유는 항상 온전한 잠재력을 포함하고 있다는 내용이 문맥상 적절하 므로, lacks를 contains로 바꾸어야 한다.

55) ⑤ were → was [해설] 주격보어 <Quite as ~ individuals>가 문장 앞으로 나가면서 도치된 구조에서, 주어는 the ideal of democracy이므로 were를 was로 바꾸어야 한다.

67) ③ taken → taking [해설] 앞의 명사 the process를 수식하는 분사의 자리이고, take place는 자동사이므로 수동형을 아니라 능동형 taking으로 바꾸어야 한다.

56) ② [해설] 주어진 글을 변경지역에서 공식 정부와 법집행의 부재가 또 한 개인주의와 자립심에 기여했다는 내용으로, 개인주의 발전의 두 번째 요인을 언급하고 있으므로 ②에 들어가야 적절하다.

68) ④ [해설] 우리가 차별대우를 ‘정당화하기’ 위한 의미있는 차이가 있을 때, 대우의 차이는 공평무사함의 불이행이 아니다라는 문맥적 의미 가 적절하므로, conceal을 justify로 바꾸어야 한다.

57) ⑤ [해설] 주어(the pleasantness)가 단수이므로 remains로 고쳐야 한 다.

69) ④ which → to which [해설] ~에 호소하다는 appeal to이고, 전치사 to가 관계대명사 앞 으로 이동한 경우이기 때문에 which를 to which로 바꾸어야 한다.

58) ④ [해설] (A)앞에는 다양성 추구가 발생하는 상황에 대한 설명이고, (A)뒤에는 식품과 음료에서 다양성 추구가 일어나는 것을 언급하므 로 For instance가 적절하다.

(B) 소비자들은 친숙한 품목을 더 즐기면서도 다양성을 추구하는 대조적인 모습에 대한 내용이므로 Ironically가 적절하다.

70) ② [해설] 주어진 문장은 제한의 필요성을 언급하고 있다. 제한의 내용 은 주어진 문장 앞에 있어야 하고 제한사항의 예시는 주어진 문장 뒤에 이어지는 것이 자연스러운 흐름이므로, ②번이 들어가기에 가 장 적절한 위치이다.

51) ④ restrict → utilize [해석] 좋은 생각은 우리가 서로의 전문 지식을 활용할 때 위대한 생각으로 만들어진다는 문맥적 의미가 적절하므로 resstrict를 utilize로 바꾸어야 한다.

52) ⑤ are → is [해설] 주어가 quality이므로 단수동사 is로 바꾸어야 한다.

59) ⑤ unusual → familiar [해설] 아니러니하게도, 소비자들은 비록 ‘더 익숙한’ 물건을 즐기지 만, 다양성을 위해서 덜 선호하는 품목을 선택하는 것으로 바뀔 수 있다는 내용이므로, unusual을 familiar로 바꾸어야 한다.

60) ④ [해설] 주어진 문장은 부정적인 목표 표현의 결과를 언급하고 있다. 부정표현이 기능적 이미지를 갖고 않고, 긍정표현이 이미지를 낳는 다라는 원인에 해당하므로, ④에 들어가야 적절하다.

61) ⑤

71) ④ [해설] (A)앞에는 공평무사함은 의미있는 차이가 없어야 한다는 제 한의 내용과 이 제한의 필요성이 언급되고, (A)뒤에는 범죄를 저지 른 사람과 그렇지 않은 사람의 경우에는 유의미한 차이가 있어므로 차별대우가 정당하다는 예시가 등장하므로 For instance가 적절하 다.

(B)앞에는 범죄자와 그렇지 않은 사람의 차이가 있어서 차별대우가 정당하는 내용과 다른 예시가 있다는 내용이고, (B)뒤에는 부모로 서, 아이가 자신의 자녀라는 사실은 ‘유의미한 차이’라고 여겨질수 있다는 전환역할로서 However가 적절하다.

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E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

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72) ④ [해설] 주어진 글은 자기 위주의 편향이 개인과 개인이 속한 집단 에 대한 판단에 미치는 영향을 언급하고 있다. (C)는 축구 경기의 반칙횟수를 통해 자기 위주의 편향을 연구를 예로 들고 있으므로, (C)가 주어진 글 뒤에 이어져야 한다. (A)는 연구내용의 세부적인 과정과 Princeton학교 학생들의 판단을 설명하고 있으므로, (C)뒤에 이어져야 한다. (B)는 상대팀인 Dartmouth 학교의 학생들이 대조적 으로 판단한 내용이므로 (A)뒤에 이어져야 흐름이 자연스럽다.

73) ③ to commit → commit [해설] 지각동사(saw)의 목적격 보어의 형태를 묻는 문제로, 목적어 (the Dartmouth team)가 반칙을 저지르다라는 “능동”관계이므로 to commit을 commit으로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

74) ③ [해설] 주어진 글은 경기의 중요도는 ‘경기 자체’의 중요도라는 내 용이다. (B)의 However로 역접관계로, 경기의 중요도는 ‘경기’ 자체 보다는 ‘개인에게 갖는 중요성’이라는 내용이므로 주어진 글 뒤에 이어져야 한다. (C)는 개인적으로 중요성을 주는 상황에 대한 예시 이므로, (B)뒤에 이어져야 한다. (A)는 골프선수들의 시합을 통해 ‘개인에게 중요도’를 인위적으로 만들어 실험한 내용이므로 (C)뒤에 이어져야 흐름이 자연스럽다.

75) ③ [해설] 주어진 문장은 경기의 중요도에 영향을 주는 다른 있다는 내용이다. 따라서, 들어갈 위치는 경기가 개인에게 요성이 반드시 ‘경기의 중요도’에 달려있지는 않다는 내용 리고 주어진 문장 뒤에는 실험을 이것을 입증하는 내용이 운 흐름이므로 ③번이 가장 적절하다.

요소들이 갖는 중 뒤에, 그 자연스러

76) ② what → that [해설] remember의 목적어로 사용된 that절 이하에서 it is ~ that 강조구문이 사용된 표현이므로 what을 that으로 바꾸어야 한다.

77) ⑤ comfort → anxiety [해설] 선수 개인이 중요하게 생각하는 경기에서 더 긴장한다는 글 의 내용이고, 새 신발을 두고 한 경기(중요도가 높은)에서 긴장감을 더 경험했다가 문맥상 적절하므로 comfort을 anxiety로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

[정답] 주어진 문장은 1인당 평균 소득 수치가 개발도상국에서는 부 적절한 수치일수 있지만, 소득 성장과 인구 성장을 고려하기 때문 에 국민 소득을 전부 합친것보다는 낫다라는 내용이다. 그러므로 개발도상국에서 1인당 평균 소득의 부적절함을 언급하는 문장 다음 인 ⑤에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.

82) ⑤ [해설] 주어진 글은 기념품 구매에서 가장 큰 영향은 기념품을 사 는 사람이 물건에 부여하는 의미라는 내용이다. (C)에서 대부분의 사람이 기념품에 대한 의미부여와 실제는 진품여부에 상관하지 않 는 내용이므로 주어진 글 뒤에 이어져야 한다. (B)의 The study는 (C)의 a study를 가리키고, 기념품 구매와 관련해서 목적지 특유의 물건이 아닌것들은 특별히 관광객용으로 제작된 것으로 생각한다고 연구내용을 설명하므로 (B)가 (C)뒤에 이어져야 한다. 그럼에도 관 광객들은 기념품을 일종의 해외에서의 경험에 대한 전리품으로 생 각해서 집에 가져간다는 내용의 (A)가 마지막에 이어지는 것이 흐 름상 적절하다.

83) ③ that → if / whether [해설] care의 목적어로 사용된 명사절 접속사의 자리인데, 디자인 이 전통적인지 억지로 꾸민것인지 라는 문맥적 의미로 보아 that을 if나 whether로 바꾸어야 한다.

84) ② [해설] 주어진 문장은 과정질문의 특징에 대한 재진술이므로, 과정 질문이 요구하는 사항에 대한 세부적인 설명이 언급된 문장 다음인 ②번에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.

85) ④ [해설] (A) require는 목적격 보어로 to 부정사만 쓰므로, to think 가 적절하다. (B) Do you think? + What are the characteristics of a good manager? 가 한문장으로 연결된 간접의문문이다. 단, 동사 가 생각하다(think, believe, guess)일때는 의문사를 문장의 앞으로 보내야 하므로, What / do you think / are the ~ 의 어순이 적절 하다. (C) be동사를 수식하므로 부사가 적절하다.

86) ③ private → official [해설] 난파선을 관리하는 안전장치에 대한 설명으로, 난파선을 건 드리기 위해서는 해당 국가의 공식적인 허가를 받아야 한다가 문맥 상 적절하다.

78) ④ [해설] (A)앞에는 수면파에 매료된 물리 해양학자는 직접 바다로 나 가서 파도를 경험해야 하는 내용이고, (A)뒤에는 허리케인의 근본 을 이해하고 싶은 기상학자는 폭풍우를 찾아서 측정해야 한다는 내 용으로, 과학자가 실험실이 아니라 현장속으로 간다는 공통적인 내 용이므로 Similarly가 적절하다.

(B)앞에는 현장연구는 관찰자가 현장을 제어할 수 없다는 ‘원인’에 해당하는 내용이고, (B)뒤에는 현장에서의 측정치의 가변성이 실험 실보다 훨씬 크다는 ‘결과’의 내용이므로 Thus가 적절하다.

87) ③ [해설] 주어진 문장은 정치 논쟁에서 여러분 자신은 상대의 관점을 완전히 이해해서 그것을 거부한다고 믿는 다는 내용이므로, 이와 대조적인 내용의 문장 다음인 ③번에 들어가야 적절하다.

79) ⑤ [해설] 지질학은 수십억 년의 관점에서 연구대상을 생각하고, 마찬 가지로 천문학에서도 수백만 년에 걸친 기후변화를 이해하는 내용 으로 보아, 빈칸에는 ⑤가 가장 적절하다.

89) ③ [해설] 소비자가 마음속에 제품의 위치를 정하는 것은, 경쟁 상표들 과의 비교해서 해당 제품의 상표와 연관 짓는 인식, 인상, 느낌의 복잡한 세트이므로, simple을 complex로 바꾸어야 적절하다.

80) ③ [해설] 주어진 글은 1인당 평균 소득의 개념과 그것이 국가 수준의 거의 정확한 지표라는 내용이다. (B)의 it은 주어진 글의 1인당 평 균소득을 지칭하고 개발도상국에서 그 지표가 정확하지 다는 내용 이므로, however의 역접관계로 주어진 글 다음에 (B)가 와야한다.

(C)에서 1인당 평균 소득이 부적절한 지표이지만 소득증가와 인구 증가를 고려하기 때문에 국민 소득을 전부 합친 수치보다 낫다는 내용으로 (B)와 대조적인 내용이므로 (C)뒤에 이어져야 적절하다.

(A)는 국가의 경제성장을 측정하기 위해 1인당 국민소득의 계산이 필요하다는 내용이므로 (A)가 마지막으로 오는 것이 글의 흐름상 가장 적절하다.

90) ③ what → that [해설] the complex set이 선행사이고, associates의 목적어가 빠진 불완전한 문장이므로, what을 that으로 바꾸어야 한다.

81) ⑤

88) ③ [해설] 주어진 문장의 they는 customers를 가리키고, 소비자들이 마 음속에 상품, 서비스, 체계화한 것의 ‘위치를 정한다’는 내용이므로, 제품과 서비스를 여러 가지 범주로 쳬계화시킨다는 동일한 내용을 언급하고 있는 문장 뒤인 ③에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.

91) ② [해설] 주어진 글은 모든 문화마다 성 범주에 의미를 부여해서, 남 성과 여성의 사회적 차이를 만들고 이를 유지한다는 내용이다. (B) 의 such distinctions and hierarchies는 주어진 문장의 social distinctions를 가리키고 이런 차이가 가족, 법, 종교같은 제도의 일 부가 되었다는 내용이므로 (B)가 주어진 문장 뒤에 이어진다. (A)의 예시는 남녀의 차이에 대한 언급이므로, (A)가 (B)뒤에 이어진다.

(A)의 However는 앞 내용과 역접으로 성을 구분하는 특징들이 문

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화마다 다르다는 내용이고, (C)의 남녀의 차이가 한 사회내에서도 역사마다 차이가 있고 사회마다 정도와 시행의 차이가 있다는 내용 이므로 (C)가 (A)뒤에 이어지는 것이 흐름상 적절하다.

다음으로 올 수 있으나, 설문조사 방법론에 대한 언급이 나와 있는 (A)가 마지막에 오는 것이 적합하다.

92) ④ flexible → stable [해설] 성을 구분하는 것으로 주장하는 특징들이 문화마다 동일한 것은 아니고, 또한 그런 차이는 한 사회안에서도 역사의 여러 시대 에 걸쳐 반드시 ‘확고한’ 것도 아니다가 문맥상 적절하므로 flexible 을 stable로 바꾸어야 한다.

103) ③ 설문조사의 신뢰가능성에 문제를 제기하는 글로 응답자의 진 정한 생각과 행동을 포착하지 못할 수도 있다는 문제의 진술 이 나와야 하므로 capture가 적당하다.

93) ② which → that [해설] 추상명사 sense를 보충설명하는 완전한 문장이 이어지므로, which를 동격접속사 that으로 바꿔야 한다.

104) ④ 앞 문장에서 사람들이 모방하려고 애쓰는 모델의 역할을 한다 고 말하고 있고, 마지막 문장에서도 그 모델이 만연해 있을수 록 영향을 받는다고 이야기하고 있다.

94) ⑤ have been reemerged → have reemerged [해설] reemerge는 자동사이므로 수동태로 사용하지 않는다. have been reemerged를 have reemerged로 바꾸어야 한다.

95) ⑤ reluctant → likely [해설] 친사회적 행동을 목격하는 것은 우리가 남을 돕도록 자극을 줄수 있다는 글의 요지로 보아, 고장난 차량의 운전자를 돕고 있는 모습을 본 운전자들은 차를 세우고 고장난 차량의 운전자를 도울 ‘가능성이 높다’가 문맥상 적절하므로 reluctant를 likely로 바꿔야 한다.

96) ④ brought → bringing [해설] 콤마 앞부분까지 완전한 문장이고, 분사구문의 자리이다. 친 사회적 행동이 규범을 상기시킨다는 능동관계이므로 brought를 bringing으로 바꿔야 한다.

97) ⑤ 기자들이 분쟁에 대한 보도를 선호한다는 것을 이야기 한 후, 분쟁이 좋은 뉴스거리가 됨을 설명한 후에 개별기자의 측면에 서 종군기자가 되기를 희망한다는 이야기가 이어진 후 평화에 대한 보도기자의 개념이 어색하다고 말해야 마지막 평화가 정 착되면 기자들이 설 곳이 없다는 내용이 나오기에 자연스럽 다.

98) ⑤ 동명사 Understanding을 받는 동사의 자리이므로 단수형의 동사 is가 와야 한다.

99) ② 역접 이후 회사가 더 많은 것을 성취하기 위해서는 직원들의 실질적 참여가 요구된다고 하고 있으므로, 앞부분에는 일반적 성취를 위해 필요한 내용이 먼저 나와 주어야 하며, ②번 이 후에 this cooperation으로 보아 ②번 앞에는 협력이 언급되 어 있어야하므로 직원들의 참여가 협력을 가리키고 있음을 알 수 있다.

100) ② 뒷 문장에서 보다 더 많은 것의 성취를 위해서는 직원들의 참여가 중요하다고 이야기하고 있으므로, 앞에서 열거된 내용 으로 충분하다는 통념이 들어가는 것이 옳으므로, enough가 와야 적절하다.

101) ④ 바로 뒷 문장에서 책이 더 싸졌다고 이야기하고 있으므로 비 용이 감소했다는 것을 알 수 있다.

102) ③ 설문조사의 결점을 이야기하는 글로 첫 단락에서 예시로서 부 정직의 문제를 이야기하는 것이 적절하며, in addition과 also가 나와 있는 정확한 기억에의 의존과 질문의 영향 모두

105) ⑤ it has influence 구조에서 the 비교급 구문을 만들기 위해 influence에 the more가 붙어서 앞으로 나간 경우에 해당한 다.

106) ③ 관찰이 착각의 결과가 아니고 보는 것이 믿는 것이라면 마술 쇼를 보이는대로 인지하여 경찰에 신고하여야 한다는 내용이 나오는 것이 적절하다.

107) ③ 실험내용상 유도질문에 의해 영향을 받은 참가자들이 유도된 사실을 진실이라고 믿고 있다고 말하고 있다.

108) ③ 뒷 문장에서 가족에 대한 언급을 지우고 불평을 줄인다고 이 야기하고 있으므로 보다 더 격식을 차린 메일을 쓰고자 함을 알 수 있다.

109) ① 2차적 독자를 염두에 두는 것에 이야기한 후 이메일을 예시 로 들고 있으며, 가족에 대한 언급이나 불평을 줄인 후 대신 에 배경지식과 구체적 언급을 늘린다고 이야기하는 것이 적절 하다.

110) ④ 규칙이 준수되었을 때 당국이 제지할 수 있는 권리를 가지고 면허를 회수할 수 있다는 것은 부적절하므로 규칙을 어겼을 때로 바꿔야 적합하다.

111) ⑤ 미국의 정치시스템은 민주주의였으므로 부의 과시가 권력의 집중을 상징하기에 음식을 간소화하도록 독려했다고 말해야 적절하다.

112) ④ 유럽문화의 음식에 대한 언급 직후에 (C)에서 유럽과는 대조 되는 단순화된 미국의 식사를 언급한 후 유럽의 식습관은 요 리기술의 세련화와 관련되어 있다는 내용이 나오는 것이 적절 하며, 여기서 바로 (B)의 사치품에 대한 소비가 나오는 것은 부적절하므로, (A)에서 유럽과는 대조되는 미국 식습관을 언 급한 후 정치제도의 반영임을 설명하고 유럽의 봉건제도와 왕 가의 통치를 언급해야, (B)에서 사치품에 대한 소비가 나올 수 있으며, 민주적 정치제도 하에서는 권력집중을 상징하는 과도한 음식소비의 탐닉을 독려하지 않았다고 이야기해야 적

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절하다.

113) ② 탄소원자의 결합이 서로 다른 물질을 만들어낼 수 있음을 언 급한 후 (B)에서 원자자체의 속성보다는 원자의 집합의 속성 에 의한 결과임을 설명하고, (A)에서 어떻게 결합되는지가 결 정한다는 점을 부연으로 이야기한 후, (C)에서 일반적 진술로 서 고립된 개별요소로는 과학적 이해를 가질 수 없다는 말로 결론을 맺는 것이 적절하다.

114) ⑤ 독립된 구성요소로는 알 수 없는 것들을 각각의 구성요소의 결합으로 설명할 수 있다는 취지의 글이므로 결합된 뉴런에 대해 안다는 것보다는 고립된 뉴런에 대해서 알아도 작동원리 를 알 수 없다고 말하는 것이 적합하다.

115) ② 가난하지만 충분히 영양을 갖춘 건강한 아이를 키운 positive deviant에 대해 설명하고 있으므로 privileged를 deprived로 바꾸는 것이 적절하다.

116) ④ transforming의 목적어가 없으므로 과거분사 transformed 가 적절하다.

117) ④ (A)에서 첫 번째 교사가 실험을 통해 밝혀진 진실을 이론으로 간주한다고 이야기한 후, 따라서 (D)에서 학생들의 성취도가 결과에 따라 매겨진다는 것이 언급되고 첫 번째 교사에 대한 부연이 이어진 후, (B)에서 두 번째 교사가 이론을 문제해결 을 위한 도구라고 본다는 점을 설명하고, 세 번째 교사가 과 학을 지식축적으로 이해하는 시각을 언급하는 것이 적절하다.

118) ① 첫 번째 교사와 두 번째 교사의 시각의 차이를 언급하기 위 해 (A)에는 대조가, (B)에는 원자구조에 대한 예시의 연결어가 오는 것이 적절하다.

119) ④ 나머지는 소년을 가리키며 ④는 귀족을 가리키고 있다.

120) ③ Ohio 출신의 병사가 근무중인 것을 알고 싸인을 해주러 가는 (B)가 먼저 나온 후에, 잉크가 없어서 고향에 온 후 싸인을 받으러 오라는 내용의 (C)가 오고, 결국 약속을 지키게 되는 (A)가 마지막에 오는 것이 적절하다.

121) ② 주어진 글에서 소설이 현실적이길 바랬다는 내용이 나와있으 므로, (B)에서 주인공이 경험하는 것을 Paulsen이 직접 경험 하려 했다는 내용이 나온 후에 (A)에서 거북이 알을 먹는 데 에 어려움을 느꼈다는 것을 쓴 후, (C)에서 거북이 알을 먹는 데 실패했지만 그 장면을 그대로 두기로 했다는 내용이 나오 는 것이 적절하다.

122) ③ 분사구문이 와야 하는 자리로 뒤에 목적어가 있는 능동의 형 태이므로 creating이 와야 한다.

123) ④ Thales가 우주가 물로 구성된다고 한 점에 대하여 부연으로 서 물이 생명체에 필수적이라고 설명하고 있으므로 Thales의 생각이 어리석은 것은 아니라는 취지의 silly가 오는 것이 적 절하다.

124) ① 이어지는 서술에서 한 순간에는 영웅이지만 다른 순간에는 그 렇지 않다고 설명하고 있다.

125) ③ 안전문제를 위해 지역이 일시적으로 폐쇄되거나 작업이 제한 될 수 있다고 하는 것이 자연스러우므로 restricted가 와야 한다.

126) ④ (C)에서 국지적 환경문제의 예시를 들어준 후 이웃의 소음에 대해 언급하고 (A)에서 소음에 대한 부연으로 소음공해의 피 해에 대한 언급을 한 후, (B)에서 소음에의 노출의 결과를 부 연설명하는 것이 적절하다.

127) ④ 미네랄 결핍이 가져오는 부정적 영향에 대해서 기술하고 있는 글이며 미네랄 부족이 질병을 초래할 수 있다고 후술하고 있 는 것으로 보아 abnormal이 오는 것이 적절하다.

128) ② 보편적 진리를 추구하는 과학의 문제점을 언급하는 글로서 부 연문장에서 과학에서의 진리가 상대적이라고 이야기하고 있으 므로, 상대적 진실의 관점이 아니라 보편적 진실의 관점에서 출발하지 않는다고 말하는 것이 적절하므로, universal이 적 당하다.

129) ⑤ (C)에서 개인 스포츠의 예시를 먼저든 후 팀스포츠와 대학의 예시를 이어나아가고 (B)에서 대학 예시를 부연한 후, (A)에서 일반적 진술로서 앞에 언급된 스트레스의 원천들보다 스스로 에게 부여하는 압박이 더 크다고 설명하는 것이 적절하다.

130) ③ 나이든 여행객에 대한 얘기에 해당하는 (B)에서 (C)의 similarly이후의 설명으로 이어지고, 젊은 여행객에 대한 이 야기가 (A)로 이어지는 것이 적절하다.

131) ④ 젊은 여행객의 경우 시간과 금전의 제약이 있다고 이야기하고 있으므로, 출장등과 관련되어 있을 때 해외로 나가는 경향이 있다고 보아야 하므로 outbound가 와야 한다.

132) ⑤ 주어진 문장은 쇼핑동반자가 처하는 어려움으로 끊임없는 상 품과 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 걷는 것 등으로부터 오는 피로감에 대해서 이야기하고 있으므로 much가 오는 것이 적절하다.

133) ③ 과거의 사진촬영 방식에 대한 설명인 (B)가 먼저 오고, 오늘

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E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

날의 사진촬영 방식에 대한 설명인 (C)가 온 후에, (A)에서 과거 방식인 필름으로는 그렇게 하지 못한다는 부연이 오는 것이 적절하다.

134) ④ abstract arts를 주어로 하는 동사가 와야 하는 자리이므로 resemble이 와야 한다.

135) ③ 이따금씩 꿈이 우리의 깊은 잠재의식을 나타내지 않는 다는 것은 아니지만, 우리의 삶과 직접적인 관계가 없다고 이야기 해야 문맥상 흐름이 자연스러우므로 subconscious가 오는 것이 적절하다.

136) ① 독자에게 모든 것을 말해 주면 지루해할 것이므로 (A)에는 boring이 독자에게 추론할 수 있는 여지를 주는 것이므로 (B)에는 maybes가, 부분 부정으로서 모든 것을 말해주지 않 는다고 말하는 것이 적절하므로 (C)에는 everything이 들어 가는 것이 알맞다.

137) ② 모든 것을 다 얘기해 주면 독서가 지루해지며 독자에게 생각 할 여지를 줄 때 독자가 더 흥미를 갖는다고 부연하고 있다.

138) ⑤ 1960년대 반려동물의 이름에 대한 언급인 (C)가 제일 앞에 나오고 인간의 이름에 대한 예시인 (B)가 다음에, 현재에 대 해 설명하는 (A)가 마지막에 오는 것이 적절하다.

139) ⑤ 언어발달 및 사고력의 한계에 대해 언급하고 있으므로 (A)에 는 difficulty가, 놀이에서 의사표현이 더 쉽다고 이야기하고 있으므로 (B)에는 comfortable이, 인형과 꼭두각시를 통한 상징적 표현에 대해 설명하고 있으므로 (C)에는 indirect가 오는 것이 적절하다.

140) ④ 더 높은 기온과 그로 인해 더 많은 증발과 수증기가 미치는 파괴적 영향에 대해 설명하고 있으므로, 해수면 온도가 더 높 다(higher)고 말하는 것이 적절하다.

141) ③ 뜨거운 날씨에 맛없는 음식을 서로에 대한 배려에서 먹고 온 다는 이야기이므로 exhausted가 보다 적절하다.

142) ④ 주어진 문장에 대한 예시로서 주름에 대한 얘기가 언급되고 있는 (C)가 먼저 오고 유연하지 못한 몸에 대한 예시로 이어 진 후, (A)에서 유연성에 대한 부연이 오고, (B)에서 필자가 유연성에 대한 예시의 증거임을 설명하는 것이 적절하다.

143) ⑤ 외국기업에 대한 차별의 예시가 언급된 (C)가 제일 앞에 오 고, (B)에서 역접 이후 기업 지배구조의 경계가 모호해지며 다국적기업을 유인해야할 필요성이 있음을 설명한 후 (A)에서 거시경제 차원에서 다국적기업이 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다

고 이야기하는 것이 적절하다.

144) ② 법은 하지 말아야 할 행위에 관한 것이지만 도덕은 해야 하 는 일에 관한 것이라고 설명하고 있으므로, 사소한 문제에 관 하여 보다 더 많은 몫을 가져가는 것은 하지 말아야 할 행위 에 대한 강제적 규정이라고 볼 수 없다고 추론할 수 있으므 로 도덕의 문제이지 법의 문제는 아니라는 설명이 붙는 것이 적절하다.

145) ⑤ 부연에서 증거에 기반한 업무가 적절하고 연구에서 나온 자료 를 토대로 업무를 수행한다고 설명하고 있다.

146) ③ 복잡한 조직내에서 통제불가능한 요소가 작용한다는 취지의 글이다.

147) ① 단순노출효과에 대한 설명으로 노출된 적이 있거나 낯익은 얼 굴에 대해 긍정적으로 반응한다는 것을 설명하고 있다.

148) ④ 반복된 노출에 대한 예시를 들어준 후 (C)에서 특정 얼굴에의 노출을 인식하지 못하는 경우에 대한 언급과 함께 연구내용을 소개하고, (A)에서 연구내용에 대한 부연 이후에 (B)에서 결론 부를 제시하는 것이 적절하다.

149) ② 노출이 친숙함을 만들어내므로 덜 편안하다는 것은 어색하다. 따라서 덜 위협적이라는 의미의 threatening이 오는 것이 적 절하다.

150) ③ 목표 성취의 과정에서의 인간관계의 중요성에 대해 이야기하 고 있으며 그 과정을 놓치게 되는 것에 대해 경계하고 있다.

151) ⑤ 대구를 이루는 표현으로 재능을 지닌 선수가 정신력의 부족으 로 실패한다는 표현에 이어 재능은 적지만 정신적 의지로 인 해 성공한다는 표현이 오는 것이 적절하다.

152) ④ 불확실성에도 불구하고 예측을 해야만 하고 불확실성을 줄일 수 있는 정보의 원천이 범주의 일부임을 (B)에서 언급한 후에 예시를 다루는 (A)가 나아고 따라서 범주의 속성을 아는 것이 불확실성을 줄일 수 있다는 내용의 결론인 (C)가 마지막에 나 오는 것이 적절하다.

153) ③ 범주의 동일성을 통해 예측이 가능하다는 취지이므로 similar 가 와야 한다.

154) ③ effective가 되어 질문과 생각의 허용이 제한적으로 효과적일 수 있다는 취지의 글이 나와야 뒤의 역접 이후에 속도가 빠 르고 상세한 그림과 소리 등의 모든 것을 제공해준다는 부정

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E 모든 변형문제 수능특강 영어 ( B컷 문제^^ )

도서출판 공터 (www.alot.co.kr)

적 진술이 나올 수 있다.

155) ⑤ 거짓말을 한다고 하였으므로 진실을 보는 것은 피한다는 의미 의 avoid가, 답을 먼저 알고 있었으므로 나머지보다 성적이 좋았다는 의미의 above가, 기대심리에 대해 이야기 하고 있 는 higher가 와야 적절하다.

156) ⑤ 앞의 설명으로 보아 당신에게 해로운 일이라 할지라도 이를 보완할 수 있는 혜택이 타인에게 있다면 합리적 행동이라고 이해할 수 있다.

157) ④ 비합리적이지 않은 행위는 합리적인 것으로 간주된다는 얘기 와 해롭지 않은 행위는 합리적이라는 행위는 완벽히 같은 이 야기의 반복진술이며, 자기중심적 행위라는 설명과 자기중심 적일 필요가 없다는 설명은 역접으로 이어지는 것이 적절하 다.

158) ③ 지식과 지혜의 차이점에 대한 글로 지식을 갖춘 교육받은 이 라고 해서 지혜를 갖추어서 실질적 결정을 능숙하게 내리는 것은 아니라는 말이 오는 것이 적절하다.

159) ③ 지시어 this fear로 보아 앞에 두려움에 대한 언급이 나와 있 어야하고, 뒤이어 부연으로 본질적 갈등으로 인한 소규모 그 룹형성에 대한 설명이 오는 것이 적절하다.

160) ③ 가로등 추가 설치에 대한 주민들의 의견을 묻는 글이며, 기존 가로 등을 복원하는 것이 목적이 아니다. (③restore → addition) 161) ② 글의 전반적인 내용이 면화의 국제적 확산에서 인도의 중요성을 담 고 있는 내용이며, 빈칸이 들어간 문장은 이를 서술하는 내용이니 윈도의 위치와 면화 기술은 우리가 사는 세상에서 그 식물의 두드 러진 역할에 가장 중요했다(Consequential = geave )는 내용이다.

③동물이 수술을 받아야 하기에 수동임 ④ between A and B의 구조인데 or가 나왔으므로 틀림 ⑤문장의 주어가 both approaches이기에 복수가 맞음 165) ④ 행인은 붐비는 가게는 틀림없이 번창다고 추측하다라는 의미이므로 다시 차지하다라는 의미인 ④resume은 assume으로 고쳐야 한다.

166) ② 인간의 걱정하는 성향은 생존에 위협이 되었던 것들이 많았던 과거 에서부터 전해져 내려오는 기억들의 결과물이고, 사실상 오늘날 우 리가 하는 거정들 중의 대부분은 정말로 심각한 위협에 대한 것이 아니며, 이러한 부정적사고와 두려움을 떨쳐버리고 의식을 바꿀 수 있게 교육 받을 수 있다라는 내용이 이어지며 뒤에 이 효과를 나타 낸 글이 나오므로 답은 ②번이다.

167) ③ 아주 세밀하고 상황 설명적인 수준의 세부사항을 사용하여 자신을 분석한 것과는 달리, 다른 사람들에 대한 분석은 훨씬 더 높고 추 상적인 수준에서 이루어진다. 이러한 분석이 외모를 판단하는데 적 용된 경우, 우리는 다른 사람들이 자기 자신에 대한 부정확한 판단 을 하게 된다라는 글의 내용에서 실험결과에 대한 발표내용과 (B) 우리가 다른 사람을 판단할 때와 그들이 우리를 판단할 때(C)에 대 한 평가가 부정확하다(A)의 순서로 글이 이루어 져야 한다.

168) ④ 제네바에서 모여 phoeous이라는 카르텔을 만든 제조업자들은 요 구되는 것보다 필라멘트를 덜 안정적으로 만들어 백열전구가 더 빠 르게 소진되게 만들었다는 내용이 나와야 함으로 slower는 quicker 로 고쳐야 한다.

169) ② 주어진 문장에서 기능주의는 개인보다는 집단의 관점으로 사회화에 접근하며, 공동체의 규범과 가치관에 논하고 있기에, 그 다음에는 규범에 관한한 내용(B)이 나오고 이어 가치관에 내용(A)이 나오며, 사회화는 과도하게 사회화된 인간 개념을 제시한다는 비판으로 이 어진다라는 (C)가 나와야 한다.

162) ③ 이륜 추구를 목적으로 하는 도굴꾼과 고고학자에 대한 주어진 문장 다음 (B)에서 상업적인 고고학자의 견지에서 본 비교적 짧은 연구 기간이 소개되었고 (C)에서는 (B)와 상반되게 공공 기관 소속 고고 학자의 비교적 긴 연구 기간이 소개되었으며 마지막으로 (A)에서는 언어를 배워야 실체를 알 수 있다는 글로 맺음했다.

163) ② 유대가 다원적 사회에 존재하는 행동의 다양성에는 위험이 되기도 한다라는 글 뒤에 그럼에도 불구하고 사회적 유대가 강하다면 노상 범죄는 감소할 것이라는 내용이 나와야 하기에 증가한다는 말은 문 맥에 맞지 않아 ②increase→decline으로 바꾸어야 한다.

164) ④ ① 문장에서 부사어가 도치된 경우 동사도 도치 가능하기에 may가 주어 앞으로 나왔음 ② be동사 뒤에 있어 형용사가 나와야 하는 것처럼 보이나 뒤에 interfered라는 과거분사 나와 있으므로 hopelessly와 같이 부사가 나와야 함

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