Mecant Art Museum Architect: NAF Architect & Design Specific Design Concepts: Focuses on Natural Daylighting and Natural Ventilation and intentionally designed to be susceptible to the natural environment Building Type: Museum Site: Rural Location: Hiroshima, Japan Size: 2,100 SF Function: Museum
GC001
Green Strategies Passive Natural Lighting Uses soft diffused lighting from ceiling and uses small slits around the corners of the structure to introduce as much diffused or indirect daylighting as possible. Passive Cooling Uses open plan to create opportunities for cross ventilation or to switch to stack ventilation by using the top light channel as a stack. Materials Uses natural wood and concrete as minimally as possible to create the most sustainable structure as possible. Designers say that they did this on purpose to give the feeling of instability to the strucuture and keep costs as low as possible.
GC002
Slits around the corner create opportunities for natural daylight to enter the structure as well as opportunities to open up and provide cross ventilation.
Site Plan
Elevations
Plans
Section
GC003
The Savings Museum Architect: Migliore + Servetto Architetti Associati Specific Design Concepts: Structures of exhibits are diverse allowing for future changes. The program circulation was designed to flow certain ways and grab peoples interest in different ways. They also use the visitors as props to show how much fun one can have in this museum. Building Type: Museum Location: Torino, Italy Size: 6,500 SF
GC004
Function: Educational Museum
Programmatic Strategies Circulation Designed to be unique to the individual and give each visitor a personal experience. This creates a situation where people get involved with the material and really learn. Exhibit Types The Exhibits are varied to give several different environment types to give the visitors several kinds of experiences and activities to draw from to make them become more involved in their learning.
“Know”:
“Dream”:
“Learn”:
“Experiment”:
“Tell”:
GC005
GC006
Umea Art Museum Architect: Henning Larson Architects Specific Design Concepts: Uses natural daylighting along with the use of vertical louvre paneling in Siberian Larch wood. It also connects to local district heating system and features maintenance free materials in its construction. Building Type: Museum Location: Umea, Svergie Size: 37,674 SF Function: Art Museum
GC007
Green Strategies Passive Daylighting Uses natural daylighting through the use of many small s quare windows along each of the facades. It uses these windows in application with a vertical wooden louvre panelling system.
Passive Heating Uses normal sun radiation to store up radiant heat to help with the heating loads on the building.
Programmatic Strategies
Vertically stacked 3 main exhibits ontop of each other which decreases the overall building footprint on site as well as increases the amount of surface area in which can gain access to the sun. They also use a large 3 story atrium space that acts as the entrance foyer, museum shop, childrens workshop area, and overall a party room. This helps with ventilation and creates more opportunities to allow sunlight to penitrate into the structure as well as create stack ventilation.
GC008
3 Staked museum exhibit spaces to maximize the amount 2 of spaces with access to natural daylighting. 1
GC009
STRUCTURAL FRAMING EXAMPLE
FRAMING AND SKIN EXAMPLE
GC010
GC011
GS001
GS002
GS003
GS004
308 k pop.
313,914 k pop.
Black
Other
Asian
Asian
Latino
4%
Other
7%
3%
Latino
Black
25%
White
64% White
2012 yr.
2012 yr.
1850 yr.
334 k pop.
676 k pop.
2000 yr.
423 k pop.
321 k pop.
1980 yr.
1800 yr.
1970 yr.
520 k pop.
46 k pop.
Pittsburgh, PA
USA
Pittsburgh, PA
1,565 pop.
Demographics_Races
USA
Demographics_Population
72% 12% 7% 7% 4% Demographics_Points of Interest Use
IMAGES DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Demographics_Sex & Age
18%
16%
15 10
53%
5
Men
25%
20
Women
13%
65 & Up 20 to 34
16% GS005
10 to 19
11%
55 to64
35 to 54 5 to 9
25
47%
0 Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Carnegie Museum of Art Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh Consol Energy Center Matress Factroy Childrens Museums First Night Pittsburgh Carnegie Science Center David L. Lawrence Convention Center Frick Art & Historical Center Carnegie Museum of Natual Histroy Andy Warhole Museum Cabaret at Theater Sqaure IMAGES DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
FIGURE GROUND
GS006
Boundries
District Business District First Side District Cultural District
Boundaries_100 Year Floodplain
Materials
100 Year Flood
GS007
IMAGES DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Transportation_Parking P
Parking
Transportation_Public Transportation Amtrak
Primary
Metro Stops
Secondary
Bus Stops
Tertiary Roads
Transportation_Parking Fares
Transportation_Bike/ Ferry Routes
$12.50
Ferry Routes
$7.50
Dedicated
$5.00
Bicycle Friendly
GS008 IMAGES DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Major Nodes_Hotels Hotels
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Wyndham Grand Pittsburgh Downtown Sheraton Station Square Hotel Residence Inn by Marriott Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel Omni William Penn Hotel The Westin Convention Center Pittsburgh Marriott Pittsburgh City Center Hotel Courtyard by Marriott Pittsburgh Downtown Cambria Suites Pittsburgh Fairmont Pittsburgh
Major Nodes_LEED
LEED Buildings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
525 William Penn Place August Wilson Center for African American Culture Alcoa Corporate Center CB Richard Ellis Green Building Alliance Office David L. Lawrence Convention Center Heinz History Center Smithsonian Wing PNC Plaza Point Park Dance Studios CONSOL Energy Center Power Center, Duquesne University The Encore at 7th Thorp Reed & Armstrong, LLP
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Major Nodes_Cultural Gatherings
Major Nodes_Food and Shopping Corridors
Cultural 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Park 7. 8. 9. 10.
Heinz Field Point State Park PNC Ballpark Market Square Mellon Square Park Convention Center Riverfront Mellon Green Steel Plaza PNC Legacy Project CONSOL Energy Center
GS009
Food and 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Market Square Fifth Avenue Liberty Avenue 6th Street 9th Street
IMAGES DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Census
Allegheny County Taxes
Crime in Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Schools Residential Vacncy Allegheny County
2010 Census by Race PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
GS010
Wind
SOLAR ORIENTATION DIAGRAMS
Winter
Weather_Charts
Spring
Summer
Fall
Year
OPTIMAL BUILDING ANGLE
HEATING DEGREE DAYS VS COOLING DEGREE DAYS
GS011
RADIATION LEVELS
Weather_Charts Pittsburgh’s temperate ranges just above 30 degrees during the winter months. During the Summer months it ranges from 65-70 degrees.
Cloud cover over the Pittsburgh area ranges from 60-70% annually. Pittsburgh’s Direct Normal hourly illumination annually is 2300 FootCandles. The Global Horizontal illumination is 3200 footcandles annually.
Recorded Data over the years has provided a vivid understanding of how the climate works within the immediate area.
District
Ground temperatures range from 30-40 degrees,1.5’ below the surface, in the winter. During the summer months it ranges from 6070 Degrees at the same depth.
Views
Business District First Side District Cultural District
GS012 PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Design_Strategies Winter
I. Keep the heat in and the cold temperatures out during the winter. a. Use a compact design with a minmum surface area to volume ratio. b. Minimize the window area on all orientations excpet south c. Use double or triple glazing low-e coatings, and movable insulation on windows.
Heat gain from equipment, lights, and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs so keep home tight, well insulated (use ventilation in summer).
Glazing should minimize conductive loss and gain (minimize U-factor) because undesired radiation gain or loss has less impact in this climate.
Extra insulation might prove cost effective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform.
GS013
II. Protect from the cold winter winds. a. Use compact designs to minimize the surface area exposed to the winds. b. Use streamlined shapes with rounded corners to both deflect the wind and minimize the surface area to volume ratio. c. Use tight construction, caulking, and weather stripping to minimize infiltration. Use high quality operable windows and doors.
Organize floorplan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specific functions that coincide with solar orientation.
Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes.
III. Let the winter sun in a. Avoid trees on the south side of the building b. Use only deciduous trees on the southeast and southwest sides. c. ALso, use deciduous trees on the east and west sides if winter is very long d. The long axis of the building should run east to west. e. Most windows should face south. f. Use south facing clerestories and dormer instead of skylights. g. Place spaces that benefit the most from solar heating along the south wall. Spaces that benefit the least should be along the north wall. h. Use direct gain, Trombe walls, and sunspaces for effective passive solar heating. i. Use thermal mass on the interrior to absorb and store solar radiation. j. Use specular reflectors (polished aluminum) to reflect additional sunlightthrough windows.
Traditional homes in cold overcast climates used low mass tightly sealed, well insulated construction to provide rapid heat buildup in morning.
Lower the indoor comfort temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback).
Keep the building small because excessive floor area wastes heating and cooling energy.
Steep pitched roofs, vented to the exterior with a well insulated ceiling below, work well in cold climates.
Summer
Sunny-wind protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather.
A whole house fan or natural ventilation can store nighttime ‘coolth’ in high mass interior surfaces, thus reducing or elimnating air conditioning.
Trees (neither conifer nor deciduous) should not be planted in front of passive solar windows, but beyond 45 degrees from each corner.
On hot ceiling fans or indoor air motion can make it seem cooler by at least 5 degrees F thus less air conditioning is needed.
Traditional homes in hot dry climates used hign mass construction with small well shaded openings operable for night ventilation to cool the mass.
Tiles or slate (even on low mass wood floors) or a stone faced fireplace can help store winter daytime solar gain and summer nighttime ‘coolth’.
I. Protect from the summer sun. a. Avoid reflections from adjacent structures that have white walls and/or refelctive glazing. b. Use free standing or wing walls to shade the east, west, and north walls c. Use the form of the building to shade itself d. Avoid east and espically west windows if at all possible. Minimize the size and number of any east and west windows that are necessary. Project windows on east and west facades so that they face in a northerly or southerly direction e. Use only vertical glazing. Any horizontal or sloped glazing should be shaded on the outhside during the summer. f. Use exterior shading devices on all windows excpet north windows in cool climates. g. Use open rather than solid shading devices to prevent trapping hot air next to the windows. h. Use highly reflective building surface ( white is the best). The roof and west wall are the most cirtical. i. Use “selective glazing” to reduce heat gain but still allow views and daylighting. II. Use natural ventilation for summer cooling. a. Site and orient the building to capture the prevailing winds b. Direct and channel winds toward the buiding by means of landscaping and landforms c. Use high ceilings, two story spaces, and open stair wells for vertical air movement and for the benefits of stratification. d.Provide cross ventilation by using largewindows on both the windward and leeward sides of the building. e. Use fin walls to direct air through the windows. f. Use a combination of high and low openings to take advantage of the stack effect
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in the winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning.
Locate garages or storage areas on the side of the building facing the coldest wind to help insulate.
High efficiency furncae (at least energy Star) should prove cost effective.
GS014
PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Leed_in_Pittsburgh 1
Pittsburgh ranks 4th in the nation with 109 LEED rated buildings in their city. It is just ninteen less then Denver who has the most in the nation with 128 LEED rated buildings. Pittsburgh is well over the benchmark average which is 61. The city of Pittsbugh has enforced that every building that is going to be built in the city much achieve LEED status.
5 1. Phipps Conservatory Entry* 2. PNC Fairmont 3. Pittsburgh Arena 4. Benedum Hall University of Pittsburgh 5. Pittsburgh Glass Center 6. David Lawrence Center 7. PNC First Side 8. Childrens Museum of Pittsburgh 9. Point Park University Dance Complex 10. L.L. Bean 11. Senator John Hinze History Center 12. Pittsburgh Opera *Also attained Living Building Challange status
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9
2
3
4
6
7
8
10
11
12
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PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Leed_Living/Building LEED LEED is a voluntary, consensus-based tool which serves as a guideline and assessment mechanism for the design, construction, and operation of high-performance, green buildings and neighborhoods. LEED rating systems currently address commercial, institutional, and residential building types as well as neighborhood development. LEED seeks to optimize the use of natural resources, promote regenerative and restorative strategies, maximize the positive and minimize the negative environmental and human health impacts of the buildings industry, and provide high quality indoor environments for building occupants. LEED emphasizes integrated design, appropriate integration of existing technology, and use of state of the art strategies to advance expertise in green building and transform professional practice.
Living Building Challenge an EVOCATIVE GUIDE. By identifying an ideal and positioning that ideal as the indicator of success, the Challenge inspires project teams to reach decisions based on restorative principles instead of searching for ‘least common denominator’ solutions. This approach brings project teams closer to the objectives we are collectively working to achieve. a BEACON. With a goal to increase awareness, it is tackling critical environmental, social and economic problems, such as: the rise of persistent toxic chemicals; climate change; habitat loss; the collapse of domestic manufacturing; global trade imbalances; urban sprawl; and the lack of community distinctiveness. a PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARD. Decidedly not a checklist of best practices, the Challenge leads teams to embrace regional solutions and respond to a number of variables, including climate factors and cultural characteristics.
GS017
Site
Water
Energy
• Site selection involves looking for a site that helps the density and connectivity of the community.
• Water reduction of 20% • Water efficent landscaping
• Systems must be regulated from design to finish by one leed professional.
• Land Redevelopment
• Innovative waste water technologies
• Minimum of 10% improvement in energy use of building.
• Extra points for water reduction of 30%, 35%, and 40%
• Zero use of harmful refrigerants.
• Points for locating near public transportation • Storm water • Overall Site development
• 7 points for renewable on site 1-13%
• Heat Island Effect • Light pollution reduction
• Project may only be developed on previously developed ground. • Can not build on habititat or within the 100 year flood plain. • Project must integrate agricultre opportunites scaled off the project FAR Calculation. • Each hectare of devlopment must be set off by land off site set aside as perpetual habitat. • Project should connect to the community supporting a car free life style.
• 19 points from improving energy saving from 12-48%
• Use energy saving tools to estimate cost.
• 100% of projects water must be supplied by capturing precipitation and appropriately purified for use. • 100 % of storm water and project water discharge must be used to fulfill projects needs. • The extra must be correctly released onto adjacent site at an acceptable time-scale surface flow.
• 100% of projects energy must be produced by on site renewable energy sources. This is measured on a net annual basis.
Material
User Environment
• Recycleing on site
• Tabacoo Smoke Control
• Reuse of exsisting bulding elements
• Monitor outdoor air use
• Construciton waste managment
• extra vnetilation
• Material content
• Low emitting materials
reuse
and
recycled
• Regional materials • Use of rapid renewable materials • Certified wood use
• Control of sytems from thermal comfort to lighting.
• Must account for tCO2e
• Entries must have external and internal dirt control systems
• Manage construction waste
• 5 points for design innovation. • Measurable environmental performance achieved. • Create a pilot credit.
• Separate ventilation of mechanical and service rooms. • Non smoking environment • Space must be designed to nurture the human attraction of natural systems and processes. Light and space, place based relationship, environmental features etc
Extra Focus • Regional enviomental importance • Must meet minumum FAR and occupancy rates • Resonable site boundary • Minimum buidling area to site area ratio • Must share building energy and water use data. • Complies with enviormental laws.
• Use of daylight and views.
• Every space must have operable windows.
• Regional based from design to finished construction.
• Having a LEED professional on your design team.
• Design of sytems from thermal comfort to lighting.
• Cannot contain any materials on the given red list of materials.
• Cetified third party material use
Design Content
• Must be a complete building.
• Project designed around human scale not the scale of the automobile. • Limited surface parking • Limited streets and signage
• Must contain design features soly for human delight. • Educational materiales on the operations and preformance of the project
• Maximum distance allowance for facade openings • Maximum building footprint allowance for single use buildings. • Over achieve ADA standards • Fresh air and light considertion
GS018 PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
Shapes
GS019
Circle Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_9,239 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_90
Circle Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_12,942 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_116
Circle Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_15,854 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_128
Octagon Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_9,600 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_85
Octagon Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_13,440 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_108
Octagon Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_16,560 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_135
Octagon Courtyard Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_11,640 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_93
Octagon Courtyard Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_17,520 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_121
Octagon Courtyard Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_23,400 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_135
Square Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_10,410 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_90
Square Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_14,700 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_121
Square Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_18,000 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_134
Courtyard Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_18,000 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_111
Courtyard Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_30,960 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_154
Courtyard Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_43,470 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_183
Rectangle Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_11,010 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_92
Rectangle Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_15,600 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_117
Rectangle Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_19,080 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_129
U-Shape Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_15,392 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_98
U-Shape Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_23,967 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_126
U-Shape Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_30,088 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_143
L-Shape Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_12,000 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_90
L-Shape Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_18,000 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_116
L-Shape Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_24,254 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_130
T-Shape Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_15,745 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_98
T-Shape Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_20,976 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_128
T-Shape Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_26,202 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_144
H-Shape Stories_1 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_15,990 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_102
H-Shape Stories_2 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_21,000 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_121
H-Shape Stories_3 Sf._30,000 Wall Area_24,300 Orientation_ North Glazing_40% EUI_131
GS020 PAGE DONE BY WHOLE CLASS
GP001
SITE PROGRAMMING
GP002
Program adjacencies
Square Footage Break Down
ENTRANCES AND EXITS
RESTROOOMS
OPEN GALLERY
SERVICE SPACES
CAFE
VIDEO GALLERY
ADMINISTRATIVE
RETAIL
DARK GALLERY
STORAGE AREAS
TICKETING AREA PROGRAM MATRIX
GP003
Scheme #1
Scheme #2
GP004
Scheme #3
CONCEPT 1
GP005
PROGRAM STUDY MODELS
GP006
GP007
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
GP008
MATERIAL STUDIES
GP009
RECYCLED STEEL WALL PANEL SYSTEM
STEP 1: RECTANGULAR FORM IS MOST EFFICIENT BUILDING SHAPE STEP 2: ROTATE BUILDING SHAPE TO OPTIMAL BUILDING ANGLE AT 10 TO 12 DEGREES NORTH OF EAST TO OPTIMIZE EFFICIENCY
STEP 3: STACK FLOORS TO MAXIMIZE SURFACE AREA AND IMPROVE BUILDING SHAPE PERFORMANCE STEP 4: PUSH AND PULL TO CREATE VIEWS AND ENGANGE LANDSCAPE.
STEP 5: REMOVE SECTIONS FOR OUTDOOR AREAS AND ATRIUM IN ORDER TO BRING IN MAXIMUM NATURAL LIGHT INSIDE. STEP 6: WAVE STRUCTURE TO CONNECT SITE AND BUILDING
GP010
STEP 7: CONNECT OUT FROM BUILDING TO CONNECT TO SURROUNDINGS VIA PROPOSED SITE PLAN STEP 8: ADD EXTERIOR GLAZING TO CREATE CONDITIONED SPACE
STEP 9: SECONDARY PANELING SYSTEM ADDED TO VARY THE AMOUNT OF NATURAL LIGHT ALLOWED INTO BUILDING
GP011
GP012
A205
A206
SECTION 1
SITE SCALE SECTIONS
SECTION 2
A207
1 SPACES 1 GALLERY 2 CAFE 3 KITCHEN 4 PARKING 5 RESTROOMS 6 OFFICE 7 ATRIUM 8 TICKETING 9 LECTURE HALL 10 RETAIL
1
1
2
3
2
4
1
1
5
5
1 2
A301
8
7
6
1
1 9
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
9
10
A302
2
A302
DETAIL WALL SECTION
A303
9
1
1 11 1
1
10
3D SECTION 2
A305
2 7 4
SPACES 1 GALLERY 2 CAFE 3 KITCHEN 4 PARKING 5 RESTROOMS 6 OFFICE 7 ATRIUM 8 TICKETING 9 LECTURE HALL 10 RETAIL 11 ELEVATOR
7 5 5 6
1
1 7
4
3D SECTION 1
A306
southern approach
SECOND FLOOR EXHIBIT
eastern approach
A9001
A9002
A9003
western approach
A9004
A9005
OUTDOOR CAFE SEATING
A9006
LECTURE HALL
OUTDOOR STEEL EXHIBIT
SECOND FLOOR ATRIUM ATRIUM
indoor cafe
A9007
A9008
morning skin
noon skin
two layer skin panels made of stainless steel mesh which rootate skin variation throughout day physical model accoring to the study. panles linked up together to create various apertures to diffuse natural light into sun throughout the day. the structure during different times the day and seasonally,
afternoon skin
inner panels are connected in a row and controlled mechanically