NORTHERN SKY OCTOBER 2020 By Deane Morrison, MN STARWATCH
October begins and ends with a full moon. The first rises the evening of the 1st, only about three hours past the exact moment of fullness. Following it into the eastern sky is Mars, now too bright to be washed out by any lunar luster. Over to the south, brilliant Jupiter and dimmer Saturn are drawing nearer, en route to a close encounter in December. The night of the 2nd, Mars and the waning moon rise and travel the night sky together. On the 13th, Earth laps Mars in the orbital race, passing a mere 38.6 million miles from the red planet. That night Mars shines down from the constellation Pisces, where no bright stars will be close enough to rival its splendor. Above and slightly west of Mars, the Great Square of Pegasus is now in prime viewing position. Look below it on a moonless night and see if you can find the ringlike Circlet of Pisces. In the predawn sky, Venus shines in the east, joined on the 13th and 14th by a thin crescent moon. On those days go
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outside about 90 minutes before sunrise to compare Venus with Mars, the beacon low in the west. October bids farewell with Halloween, an astronomically based holiday. To the ancient Celts, it was one of four cross-quarter days falling midway between an equinox and a solstice. At sundown on October 31st, all the evil spirits that had been cooped up since May Day were released to wreak havoc on humankind. People lit lanterns in gourds to ward them off and left food offerings to appease them—traditions that survive in jack o’ lanterns and trick-or-treating. October’s second, or “blue,” moon shines the night of the 30th-31st. On Halloween night, a still lovely moon rises in time to lend a fitting atmosphere to most trick-or-treating. The University of Minnesota’s public viewings of the night sky at its Duluth and Twin Cities campuses have been curtailed due to the pandemic. For more information and viewing schedules, visit: d.umn. edu/planet.
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