Greater Bovisa Green Hub - Energy, Climate and Urban Planning Studio by Amruta Mahakalkar

Greater Bovisa Green Hub A Green Hug for Milan Dergano / Bovisasca

M M2 Affori

Proposed Bovisasca Station La Goccia

Certosa Station

Proposed Dergano Station

PoliMi Durando Campus ! M

M2 Dergano PoliMi La Masa Campus

Bovisa Station Villapizzone Station

M2 Maciachini

Lancetti Station

Strenghts Well distributed parks Catalysts of change Extensive rail network

Weaknesses Abandoned areas without activities and a barrier to free movement

Opportunities X

Proposed Circle Line stations providing access to mobility and potential development within walkable distance (400 m) in future

Threats Barriers to movement due to rail track and high speed arterial road

Non-centrality Centralities

TEAM 08

Fabio Bagattini Amruta Mahakalkar Krishna Priya Poroori

Focus Area (2.60 km.sq)

Project Report

Energy, Climate and Urban Planning Workshop School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering MSc in Urban Planning and Policy Design First semester, 2020-2021

Professors: Eugenio Morello Barbara Piga Teaching assistants: Nicola Colaninno Andrea De Toni Erpinio Labrozzi Israa Mahmoud Gabriele Stancato

Table of Contents

Abstract

Abstract Section 1: Site Introduction Bovisasca-Dergano in the surrounding nodes Bovisasca, Dergano, Bovisa, Villapizzone: urban functions and dotations Mobility and connections in the site A trip along the borders: experiential walks Historical evolution of the site Existing stakeholders Existing plans and projects

5 6 7 8 9 10 12

Section 2: Site Analysis Forestation potential Depaving, Green Roof and Solar Retrofitting Potential Risk Assessment Centralities and Non-Centralities Hard and Soft Transformations SWOT Analysis and Focus Area

15 17 19 21 22 23

Section 3: Design Proposal From neighborhood resources to urban strategies 25 Masterplan 27 Design focus: via Cosenz - via Durando 28 Phases of Masterplan implementation 29 Section 4: Proposals Assessment Indicator 1a - Potential temperature difference Indicator 1b - Thermal Comfort: PMV value Indicator 2 - NDVI Indicator 3 - New Mobility Connections Indicator 4 - Choice Indicator 5 - Integration Indicator 6 - Centralities

31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Conclusions 38 The future human and green connectivity hub

The northernmost segment of the designed Circle Line touches the neighbourhoods, counterclockwise, of Dergano, Bovisasca, Bovisa and Villapizzone. The role of this zone in the metropolitan scenario is clearly defined by a certain degree of softness. In addition to the well-known presence of Politecnico di Milano campuses, Bovisa is indeed known for La Goccia, the inaccessible green lung that lies on a contested and polluted land with a drop shape: like this area, many minor with a similar industrial background lie underused in the zone. Their massive presence define Bovisasca and Bovisa as a places rich of barriers, with issues of identity and fragmentation. This condition on the other hand constitutes the starting point for the project of gradual change in a green and liveable quarter. A strongly different context can be found in the near Dergano and Affori neighbourhoods, dense residential areas that leave much less space for changes. In this uncertain context, the project tries to prefigure how this territory of wide opportunities can develop in the future, starting from its present exigences: on one hand those of the many city users that crosses the quarter during their study and work days, on the other hand, those of a consistent residential density. The residential trends, as well as the mixed use functions, are destined to increase in the future, thanks to the opportunities of expansion that the vacant lands offer. This makes a priority to intervene and structure the urban context in order to not let it be overwhelmed by fragmented developments, that instead will have to be carried out with a particular attention to the preservation and development of the natural potential of the area. The project’s objective is to provide a range of structured interventions in different timings, aiming at the immediate reduction of environmental

risks, such as air pollution and high temperatures, through the creation of meaningful public spaces with a natural character. The proposals priority is also to ensure convenient and comfortable public spaces and prioritize pedestrians and bikers over cars: this would help to reduce the perception of lack of safety and security at many locations, allowing the activation of public spaces that are expected to encourage citizens to experience the neighbourhoods confidently, as it is has been happening in Dergano with the Piazze Aperte project. The project researches this duality of environmental retrofitting of the neighbourhoods, requested by its high building density and low green dotations, and the enhancement of the public space infrastructures. An important role is played by the slow mobility modes development, that can rely on the increase of sustainable accessibility brought by the new Circle Line service, shaping an aspect of the zone that is nowadays neglected. This integration of new land uses and soft mobility with a direct connection to the new circle line stations is expected to encourage residents and users to adopt a lifestyle change towards healthy and sustainable choices. The area’s green infrastructure are expected in the future to remarkably increase its value in the city as a green interconnected quarter, bringing a green spine into the city from the northern Bruzzano/Parco della Balossa, until the central Scalo Farini future park. The proposal in this way looks beyond the infrastructural project, and tackles the upgrade of liveability and integrated accessibility of the whole quarter, presenting the zone as a large node made of three strictly connected stations, in which Bovisa finds itself central and includes the new Bovisasca area: a Greater Bovisa plan for its environmental, accessible and sustainable enhancement.

Se ction 1: Site Introduction

Site Introduction

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Bovisasca-Dergano in the surrounding nodes

Dergano

Centrale

Porta Garibaldi Cadorna

Affori

Quarto Oggiaro

Polimi

M Affori Centro !

Bovisasca

Fermi

Bovisa

Local Identity Nuclei (NILs) ! Enrico Viale

Bovisasca

City level location

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Pioltello

Proposed Dergano Station Milano Certosa

M Dergano !

mo >

Bovisa

Berga

Milano Villapizzone

Milano Bovisa FNM

79 Dergano

le Via Esp sse ina

Villapizzone Via Gall a

Via le

lo Car

NIL Boundary

Population density in the NILs

oa rdo J

en ne r

Maciachini

rate

Segment 8 is a 3.5 km stretch of rail line, in the northern part of the regeneration megaproject, The stretch accommodates the proposed stations of Bovisasca and Dergano: the rail line and proposed stations have their influence area in the adjacent neighbourhoods of Bovisa, Bovisasca, Dergano and Villapizzone. The S Line and the proposed project of Scalo Farini run parallel to the study segment and the M3 Yellow line transverse it. A peculiar feature of this area is the extensive criss-cross of rail infrastructure and arterial streets that fragments the neighbourhoods. The site, a host to bygone industries contains large abandoned plot of lands waiting to be transformed. The total population under consideration is about 109,360 (8.8% of Milano).

20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Ghisolfa

Milano Lancetti

Farini

14% 1%

20%

14%

13% 12% 20% 1% 1% 4%

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Introduction

Bovisasca, Dergano, Bovisa, Villapizzone: urban functions and dotations Existing land uses

Urban facilities and green spaces ! Parco di Villa Litta

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Fermi

M Affori Centro !

Parco Quarto Oggiaro

Parco Nord

o Enric

Parco Walter Chiari

Viale

Parco di Villa Scheibler

Proposed Bovisasca Station Parco Franco Verga

Proposed Dergano Station

Giardini di Via Grazioli

Bovisa Goccia Spirit de Milano

Certosa Station

Proposed Dergano Station

Polihub M Dergano !

Politecnico Durando Campus

Villapizzone Station !

Bovisa Station

Politecnico La Masa Campus

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone Station

ar l o le C

Via

Parco Giovanni Testori

Via le

sse ina Esp

! Vi a

Gall a

oa rdo J

Maciachini !M !

en ne r

!! !

rate

Lancetti Station

! !

! ! NIL Boundary Dense residential

Scattered residential Parks and gardens

Woods Agriculture

Industrial Location Public and private services

Construction sites Transportation

0.25

0.5

14% 1%

Dense residential

20%

14%

13% 12% 20% 1% 1% 4%

Scattered residential Parks and gardens Green areas uncultivated Woods Agriculture Industries Public and private services Construction Sites Transportation

1 Kilometers

NIL Boundary Built Area

Forests Uncultivated

Agriculture Green Areas

The study area possesses both dense and scattered residential uses indicating the urban Dergano and sub-urban Bovisa-Bovisasca. Another major land use is Industrial, a residue of the area’s history of industrial specialization. Several local and regional public and private services are distribued across the site. Such services in Bovisa-Bovisasca zone on average are less frequent than around Villapizzone and Dergano, where they are numerically more. This is also indicated by the presence of major city-level institutes, like the two university campuses and the research institute, that instead act as large attractors of non-local flows.

Rail Metro Tram

Education

! ! Sport

! !

! Religious Administrative

Cultural Health

! Social services Commercial

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers !

Site Introduction

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Mobility and connections in the site !

! !

! ! ! !

! !

M ! !

! ! ! ! !

! !! !

Proposed Bovisasca Station

! ! !

Certosa Station !

! !

Proposed Dergano Station

! !

! !!

! ! !

! !

! ! !

!! !

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone Station

! !!

!!!

! !

!! !

! !

Lancetti Station

! ! !

! M! !! ! ! ! ! !

! ! !

! !

At present, in terms of connection by public transportation, the neighbourhoods are fairly connected to the rest of the city by bus and train network. Tram lines are very limited and further proposed under the city’s Mobility Plan (PUMS). As visible in the 15 min walk isochrones around the existing train stations, a major portion of site lacks accessibility to them due to large barriers like highways and railway tracks. However, this accessibility will improve widely with the construction of new train stations on the circle line. As per the field survey, it was observed that the site severely lacks safe access to transit stations with unobstructed footpaths, frequent crosswalks and continues bike lanes. In fact, the site only has a small portion of dedicated bike lane which is planned to be expanded in coming years under the mobility plan. While the site has a number of rental bike stations, the safety of bikers from speeding vehicles is questionable. Furthermore, during the site visit, a lack of thermal comfort was experienced while walking due to expansive concrete surfaces and inadequate shading and enclosures.

! !

!! !!

! !

! ! !

Existing Rail Service Area 5 min 10 min 15 min

Proposed Rail Service 5 min 10 min 15 min

! ! !

!! NIL Boundary

! !

!!M

Rail Metro Tram

Bus Bike

! ! Proposed Tramline Proposed Road

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers!

± 7

2: designed vastness

1: the fast corridor

3: the asphalt escalator

4: an historical corner

5: no one’s yard

6: the functional cluster

7: the back street

8: the re-emergence of Milano

A trip along the borders: experiential walks Phisycal path An enclosed road, with a passage function only. explore

A tunnel The bridge Road ends Climbing on Crossing a We walk on a street gives access allows to in a urban the ﬂyover park between along the railway, to a totally zone with through slowly the railway that works as a different an old elevate on dirty stairs, and residenservice street of a landscape, cascina. the we can see tial area, we logistic cluster. with asite new has industrial the huge in an the been dedicated to thearrive mapping of the look. surroundinabandoned island full of area. various as a path in selected stretch. gs. In particular, it has been chosen activities.

Houses aligned on the street start to appear again slowly, together with a lot of commercial activities and cafes.

One of the field trip done to experience of the walk along the the east-west direction along what in the future will be the Circle Line. The selected transect Sound path has moreover the property of constituting the borders between Dergano and Affori, Bovisa and between Bovisa Villapizzone. no one’s 4: an and 5:Bovisasca, 6: the 7: the back street and 8: the re-emergence The intention to walk along non-usual Group segment 8 yard(thus excluding historical functional of axis Milano and Dergano centre) zones the Polimi-Bovisa in order to observe what Amruta Mahakalkar corner cluster Fabio Bagattini could be the potentialities served by the Line. Smell path of the areas that will be in the future Krishna Priya Poroori Road ends Climbing on Crossing a We walk on a street Houses aligned on Elgohary in a urban ﬂyover park between railway, the street start to The the expectations were along not the positive, knowing about the high Mohamed physical fragmentation of the zone with through the railway that works as a appear again slowly, an old zone, dirtyand stairs,theand residen- industrial-logistic service street of a together with a lot of mainly functions settled nowadays. The level of difficulty in cascina. we can see tial area, we logistic cluster. commercial activithe huge and arrive in an ties and cafes. orientating negative experience through the site were sometimes as expected, but it has Colors path abandoned island full of alsoarea. been reported various by unanimity that the site offered unexpected positive sensation in some activities. parts. people vehicles It can be seen,Texture from the different sensations mapped, that the site offered a swinging leaves water experience, fromsequence some annoying features to relaxing one and so on. This was probably due to the diverse path that has been chosen, but it also served to us as asmog real preview of what the grass area’s potentialsSkywiew are forfactor its quality enhancement and urban reconnections. water food garbage

Speed rate

major sky quantity = major elevation on the ground level, or less enclosed spaces.

Shade quantity 2a

people vehicles leaves water

6bP

O LI H U B

smog grass water food garbage 1a

segment 3street level

1: the fast corridor

2: designed vastness

An enclosed road, with a passage function only.

A tunnel gives access to a totally different landscape, with a new look.

major sky 3: the 4: an quantity = major asphalt historical elevation on the escalator ground level, or less corner enclosed spaces.

The bridge

allows - very fast:to didn’t spend more time slowly than necessary elevate on - very the slow: walked slowly and spent industrial more time

Road ends in a urban zone with an old cascina.

surroundings.

discomfort bad perception not bad nice perception

5: no one’s yard

6: the functional cluster

7: the back street

8: the re-emergence of Milano

Climbing on the ﬂyover through dirty stairs, we can see the huge abandoned area.

Crossing a park between the railway and residential area, we arrive in an island full of various activities.

We walk on a street along the railway, that works as a service street of a logistic cluster.

Houses aligned on the street start to appear again slowly, together with a lot of commercial activities and cafes.

Group segment 8 Amruta Mahakalkar Fabio Bagattini Krishna Priya Poroori Mohamed Elgohary

people vehicles leaves water

very hot hot warm

smog grass water food garbage

completely shaded partially shaded intermittent shade

- very fast: didn’t spend more time than necessary - very slow: walked slowly and spent 4b more time

5a very hot hot warm

Smell path

Colors path

discomfort bad perception not bad nice perception 1a

Sound path

Heat mapping

Group segment 8 Amruta Mahakalkar Fabio Bagattini Krishna Priya Poroori 3b Mohamed Elgohary

street level

Site Introduction

Phisycal path

Emotional factor

Dergano metro - end

Villapizzone - start

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Dergano metro - end

l in-

Villapizzone - start

O LI H U B

Dergano metro - end

7 6bP

Texture sequence 6b

street level

Skywiew factor

major sky quantity = major elevation on the ground level, or less enclosed spaces.

Speed rate

- very fast: didn’t spend more time than necessary - very slow: walked slowly and spent more time

completely shaded partially shaded intermittent shade 4a

discomfort bad perception not bad nice perception

Emotional factor 5a

Heat mapping

very hot hot warm

Shade quantity

completely shaded partially shaded intermittent shade

Site Introduction

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Historical evolution of the site The history of the site, as well known, is marked by a high industrial density, and over all, by the presence of the gas industry that had the role of stocking and distributing the gas necessary for heating and lighting in all the city. This industrial legacy nowadays represents a distinctive value in the built environment, with some valuable buildings of “industrial archaeology”, but unfortunately also a disadvantage in the resources necessary to remediate environmentally the polluted lands. Moreover, these plots characterise the quarters with an effect of fragmentation, barriers and abandonment.

1950s-60s

1924 1994

IRBeC scheda AFRLIMM - IMM-MC040-0000388

1989

Pre 1900

2 Milano - Zona Bovisa - Stabilimenti industriali Citta di

SITE EVOLUTION

Pre 1900 Casinas and predominently agricultural activities

Milano

Treccani, Ernesto

1924 Construction of gasometer and rail line parallel to via Bovisasca forming “La Goccia” Industrialization in network with hubs of Olana and Sesto San Giovanni

1950s-60s De-industrialization and urban sprawl outward to Milan’s core

1989 Establishment of PoliMi’s Bovisa Campus, adaptive reuse of abandoned warehouses and industrial infrastructure

1994-2000s Complete shutdown of Gasworks, identification of “La Goccia” as a contaminated site, marked for reclamation. Proposal for Science and Tech Park with perception of industrial heritage

Stakeholder Mapping & Engagement

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Collaborate

Site Introduction

Involve

Existing stakeholders

Cariplo Foundation and other

Existing Relationship Active community

non governmental organisations engagement

Relationship with other Stakeholders RiconnettiMI Partner + Close association with Politecnico di Milano

Giardino degli Aromi Association Active community

RiconnettiMI Partner

projects (ReconnettiMI)

Low

Major Generator + Attractor

In close association with

on site, Active Design and

Institutional and Non proﬁt

Research partner

organisations

Politecnico di Milano

High Inﬂuence

Program - Programma Regionale Integrato di Mitigazione dei Rischi (PRIM) Responsible for approvals, implementation, management Proposals under Piano di

Stakeholder Mapping & Engagement &

Consult

Interest

High

Digital means

X Interest

High

Low

2030 + Major land ownership

Interest

High

Low

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane

and funding of projects

Governo del Territorio (PGT)

Involve

Inﬂuence

Municipality of Milan

High

Proposals under Integrated Regional Risk Mitigation

Involve

Interest

High

Low

Regione Lombardia

High

Inﬂuence

Generator + Attractor on site Potential of working with

Interest

High

Low

Negri Institute

communications

Inﬂuence

Politecnico di Milano

In-person

High

Low

Collaborate

Communication

High

Inﬂuence

engagement with on-going

Best means of

Priority

Inﬂuence

Stakeholder

Interest

High

Association with Trenitalia and FS Sistemi Urbani

Ferrovienord 10

infrastructure and services

Association with Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane

: of Bovisasca – Dergano the Italian rail network

Transport company that owns Nodo Bovisa site

Fabio Bagattini Amruta Mahakalkar Krishna Priya Poroori High

Low

Circle Line - Segment 8

Manage and operate

Inﬂuence

Rete Ferroviaria Italiana

Interest

High

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Instructors: Eugenio Morello, Barbara E.A. PigaTeach.

Digital means

Della Torre Housing Developments

Euro Milano

Consultancy and Real estate

located in via Carlo Perini and development for residents Major user-group of site Major user-group that the via Don Francesco Beniamino Includes Occupants/Floating other stakeholders capitalize Della Torre population upon

Student Community

Major user-group of site -

Major user-group that the

Includes Occupants/Floating other stakeholders capitalize

Local Residents

population

upon

Occupants and regular users Primary affecting and affected

Local Residents Local Businesses

stakeholder

of site

Stakeholder Mapping & Engagement Consult

I n f o r m

Occupants and regular users Primary affecting and affected

Local Businesses Floating population

of site Users of transportation

stakeholder Secondary affeting and

nodes/other places of

affected stakeholder

interest and services

Circle Line - Segment 8 Non proﬁt organisations

Circle Inform Line - Segment 8 Digital platforms

nodes/other places of

interest and services Bovisasca –

Secondary affeting and In close association with affected stakeholder Institutional and Non proﬁt

Dergano organisations

Promote public participation,

Act in-between Institutional organisations and local

awareness and : engagement, Bovisasca – Dergano communities upliftment

Medium of quick and easy communication

Digital means

Interest

High

Low

Interest

In-person High

communications

High

In-person

High Low

Interest

Low

Interest

High

communications

High

Low

Interest

High

Low

Interest

High

Low

Interest

High

Interest

High

X X

Interest

High

Low

Interest

High

High High

person Surveys and in-

Low High

Surveys and incommunications

X X

High

Low

Users of transportation

Floating population Politecnico di Milano

High

person communications

Fabio Bagattini X Amruta Mahakalkar Low Interest Krishna LowPriya Poroori Interest

public and private Re-inventing cities partner Coordinates the use maintenance of areas and Housing Developments Consultancy and Real estate buildings of FS Italiane for located in via Carlo Perini and development for residents public and private use via Don Francesco Beniamino

FS Sistemi Urbani

Inﬂuence Low

buildings of FS Italiane for

Euro Milano

Consult

Transport company that owns Re-inventing cities partner Nodo Bovisa site

Inﬂuence

Coordinates the maintenance of areas and

Inﬂuence

Involve

Ferrovienord FS Sistemi Urbani

Interest

Inﬂuence Inﬂuence

Involve

Low High

High High

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Instructors: Eugenio Morello, Barbara E.A. PigaTeach.

High High

Fabio Bagattini Amruta Mahakalkar X Krishna Priya Poroori Low

of the Italian rail network

Digital means

Inﬂuence

infrastructure and services

High

Inﬂuence

Manage and operate

Association with Ferrovie dello Transport company that owns StatoBovisa Italianesite Nodo

Inﬂuence Inﬂuence

of the Italian rail network

Rete Ferroviaria Italiana Ferrovienord

Site Introduction

Inﬂuence Inﬂuence

infrastructure and services

Association with with Ferrovie Trenitaliadello and Association FS Sistemi Urbani Stato Italiane

Inﬂuence Inﬂuence

Manage and operate

Inﬂuence

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane Rete Ferroviaria Italiana

Interest

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Instructors: Eugenio Morello, Barbara E.A. PigaTeach.

Digital means

High

High Inﬂuence

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Low

Interest

High

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Introduction

Existing plans and projects Here are summarised the ongoing projects and plans in the zone, that will be as well integrated in the design proposal. The requirements by PGT, as well as the PUMS ones, will be assumed as a standing points in the prefiguration of the area, for a better realism of the performance simulations of the future scenario, even if some variations will be considered as well, in the intention of retrofitting the urban environment in the best feasible way possible. The following design proposal will take into account the ongoing studies and assume the projects in their most natural version possible, which is for example, considering large part of La Goccia to be kept as park, and limit the surface occupied by new settlements, ! as PGT recommends. Some future functions, furthermore, are certain in their definition and discipline, as well as uncertain in their timing. The proposal will consider the possibility to break the realisation of the overall projects into phases, prioritising the ones that have an immediate effect on the urban quality of life on public spaces.

Projects & Plans

7 9

9 5

9 1

NIL Boundary

Up running urban transformations , open construction sites, to be completed in one to two years Approved projects, constructions sites to be open soon and to be completed in the next 2 to 5 years

Projects announced, but not starting within the next 2 years, and to be completed in 2025/2030

PGT Milano 2030

from: Piano delle Regole, art.8,10; Piano dei Servizi, panel 03 (municipal ecological network) and art. 10.4

0.25

Environmental regeneration zones New urban green Interchange nodes Zone of Future Big Urban centrality Green connection (increase of vegetation, rain gardens)

0.5

1 Kilometers

New urban green area (pertinenze indirette)

Site Introduction

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

The following projects have been proposed on the site: 1

Bovisa: La Goccia Proposed Urban Green Areas and Large Urban Function of public services related to university or research, identified under PGT . Many studies ongoing, among those also a new geothermal plant for energy production and city heating.

Nodo Bovisa Urban Transformation Area and interchange node, it challenges to develop a hinge/interchange between the areas separated by the tracks, to repair the district and to integrate the station as a gateway to a strategic urban functions system was floated under Reinventing Cities in 2020.

Scalo Farini Accordo di Programma (AdP) under PGT proposed for transformation of disused and decommissioned railway yards. Till May 2020, the public consultation of the winning project of the competition was held for the preparation of the Masterplan for the regeneration.

Durando-Andreoli-Morghen Mandatory Implementation Plan (PA9) proposed under PGT, renovates a part of the historic district of Bovisa. Planned a new social housing and residences for the students of the Polytechnic, a large green space, a new square in the neighborhood. Implementation agreement signed in August 2018 and construction expected to begin.

Bovisasca and Dergano Rail Stations New station proposed along the Circle Line under PUMS and PGT.

RiconnettiMi Project to reconnect the ecologies of Parco Nord and create green plots towards Bovisa. Financed by Giardino degli Aromi Association and Cariplo Foundation in 2014, it is currently in progress with the involvement of community in project activities.

Moneta Proposed as Integrated Intervention Program (PII) under the PGT, this redevelopment and social housing plan is presently under construction. Additionally involves expansion of the adjacent park and creation of a new public space and car park.

Tramline New route of the tram line linking Niguarda, Affori and Bovisa is proposed in the PUMS. Alternative solutions designed by Metropolitana Milanese with 15 potential stops. Construction not yet commenced, but projected to accomplish before 2030.

New Streets New streets connections proposed under PUMS and PGT aiming to improve connection between new tramline and new developments in and around La Goccia. Construction not yet commenced, but projected to accomplish before 2030.

Bike Lanes Proposed Network of bike lanes under the framework of PUMS and COVID -19 Risponse Plan “Open Streets” (Strade Aperte) which has pushed permanent as well as temporary bike lanes of 35 kms around the city.

La Goccia park & geothermal plant

The area of future Big Urban Function (GFU) of Bovisa- Goccia- Villapizzone, as per described in the Milano 2030 Plan, is expected to host both an expansion of the existing functions of research, innovation and study, with new spaces of the Polimi campus, and also a creation of new polarity in terms of city metabolism. The project of a new geothermal plant in the Bovisa-Villapizzone part, refers in fact to the art. 16, point 5, of Piano delle Regole - Actuation Rules, that indicates an energy production site with the exploitation of the geothermal properties of the water table (a2a, AEM). This will have to go naturally with the preservation of the valuable historical industrial buildings of the site, in the southern part, and with the preservation of the green lung in the centralnorthern part. The times of realization will take into account the natural phytoremediation of the site in its polluted parts, while a part of less polluted green land is expected to become more immediately a green urban dotation (the western part facing via M. Pacuvio, as per Milano 2030 PGT, panel D01 and NA 8.4). These two sections will be furthermore cut from the metro-tram line CertosaMaciachini, that will implement the connectivity in the area together with new pedestrian paths and a road on the eastern border.

Nodo Bovisa

The wide rectangular area adjacent to the Bovisa station, together with some other small belongings and the structure of the station, has been named Nodo Bovisa, one of the main interchange nodes identified by the 2030 plan, in the article 15, point 5 of the plan’s actuation rules. It represents in fact the bigger mobility node of the northern Milano, and will increase its interchange function in the future with the extension of the tram line from the actual Piazzale Bausan until crossing through la Goccia. The Nodo Bovisa areas are the only ones, among the other adjacent abandoned plots, for which the planning process has actually started, with the ongoing collection of proposals (January 2021) for their master plan, that includes the retrofitting of the Ferrovie Nord station, the integration of a new tram line terminus, inside a general reduction of paved surfaces and impact of the parking lots with an increase of shading green. The development of the area will include a directional building (of the railway company), students residences and commercial functions related to the exchange node.

Section 2: Site Analysis

Fe a s i b l e s c e n a r i o s

Degraded or abandoned, mostly green Polluted sites

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Forestation potential Maximum Potential for Forestation

Feasible Potential for Forestation Intersect

Intersect Existent tree canopy: - Wooded portions of parks - Private tree-covered areas - Street green portions

- Existent green areas without trees - Parkings and street adjacencies Private areas - Abandoned areas compatible with State of the abandoned and polluted lots PGT destinations

Degraded or abandoned, mostly paved Degraded or abandoned, mostly green Polluted sites

narios

y: of parks 1 ed areas ons

Maximum potential forestation scenario ∙ Green areas without trees State of the abandoned and polluted lots ∙ Areas in transformation Degraded or abandoned, mostly paved ∙ Abandoned and underused areas or abandoned, mostly green ∙ ParkingDegraded lots internal greens sites ∙ PrivatePolluted concrete courtyards

0.25

: Bovisasca – Dergano

∙ Existent green areas without trees Quantity of wooded areas on overall green ∙2Parkings and street adjacencies Green and permeable grounds Private areas Tree canopy ∙ Abandoned areas compatible with

0.5

Quantity of wooded areas on overall green Green and permeable grounds Tree canopy

Intersection of tree absence and forestation opportunity No trees area Forestable areas

1 Km

Feasible forestation scenario Public realm of wooded areas on overall green 2 Quantity ∙ Existent green areas without trees permeable grounds ∙ Parkings andGreen streetand adjacencies Private areasTree canopy ∙ Abandoned areas compatible with PGT destinations

In order to achieve a form of development with an adequate supply of vegetation, both with respect to quality and quantity, two scenarios were generated: 1. Maximum Potential Forestation Scenario and, 2. Feasible Forestation Scenario As elaborated in the methodology, the first step was to understand the existing asset of tree canopy that includes parks, private tree-covered areas and planted portion of streets. Then to demarcate areas for tree cover excluding 0 forestation, 0.25 lands without 0.5 1 Km streets were chosen. That consisted majorly existing green areas without trees, areas under future urban transformation N as per PGT and abandoned and underused land parcels, especially degraded ones. It was observed that sites like La Goccia and plots on the right side of Bovisasca-Bovisa rail line are Feasible forestation scenario vacant and degraded due to their former industrial use, but they have good quality vegetation Publicover realm grown the span of years. As these sites are proposed for urban and environmental

Segment 8

3 Public realm

- Green Areas without trees - Areas in transformation - Abandoned and underused areas - Parking lots internal greens - Private concrete courtyards

priority forestation areas transformation, our proposals shall ensure protection and improvement of this tree cover, with an attempt to incorporate it with the new built structures. POLITECNICO DI MILANO Bagattini However, notFabio all the land identified in maximum potential scenario can be used for forestation. School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Amruta Mahakalkar Several factors like land ownership, regulations under2020 PGT’s plans and inproposals, Second Semester - Master of Science Urban Planningeconomic and Policy Design Krishna Priya Poroori EC&UP Studio Professors Eugenio Barbara E.A. feasibility, orientation and form of the land and so on would decide the Morello, practicality for Piga forestation. For simplification of analysis, publicly owned land marked for future transformation was considered as the most practical option out of the maximum potential scenario.

∙ Scarce vegetation zones ∙ Polluted and abandoned sites

Thus, sites proposed for Nodo Bovisa, vacant degraded land parcels around the new Bovisasca Station, area over proposed Scala Farini and few other former industrial lands were identified as suitable for forestation.

Intersection of tree absence and forestation opportunity No trees area Forestable areas

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Proposed Dergano Station

Certosa Station

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone Station

M Lancetti Station

Existent green cover Maximum potential of forestation Feasibility scenario of forestation

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

Maximum Potential Area for Depaving

Scalo Farini

Via Lutero Martin Feasible and High Priority Area for Depaving and-Medium Priority Area for Depaving Segment 8:Feasible Dergano Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Feasible and Low Priority Area for Depaving Poterntial Area Depaving proposed under Urban Transformation

0.25 0.5 Potential for Depaving -0 1 Maximum Paved Sidewalks and Concrete Surfaces (Pvt and Public both)

Depaving, Green Roof and Solar Retrofitting Potential PoliMi Durando Campus

Methodology

Intersect

Paved Sidewalks and Concrete Surfaces (Pvt and Public both)

Ownership (only publically owned land excluding paths inside “Parks”)

ParrocchiaLands Vescovo marked for Urban 3 Transformation + Parking as they are new

areas for potential NBS Parrocchia Vescovo + Parking Piazza Schiavone

Land Surface Temperature Classiﬁed into three categories :

30.78˚C - 35.08˚C Low Priority 35.08˚C - 36.76˚C Medium Priority 36.76˚C - 39.67˚C High Priority Areas under Urban Transformation (Temperature ranges categorized as per Natural Breaks (Jenks))

Land Polo Catastale del Sources : https://geoportale.comune.milano.it/sit/open-data/ 2 Public Comune di Milano Blocks with Public land uses from DUSAF 2018

Piazza Schiavone

uto Comprensivo novata Pizzigoni

Intersect

Public land with Concrete Surface having Land Surface Temperature :

Circle Line - Segment 8

Land 2 Public : Bovisasca – Dergano Blocks with Public land uses from DUSAF 2018

Polo Catastale del Comune di Milano

uto Comprensivo novata Pizzigoni

Scalo Farini 0

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

± ±

for Depaving 0Potential 0.25 0.5 1 Kilometers 1 Maximum Paved Sidewalks andfor Concrete Surfaces (Pvt and Public both) Maximum Potential Depaving 1 Paved Sidewalks and Concrete Surfaces (Pvt and Public both) Feasible Potential for Depaving Feasible Potential for Depaving

Intersect Intersect Land Surface 4 Temperature Land Surface 4 Classiﬁed into three Temperature

categories : Classiﬁed into three categories :

Public land with Concrete Surface having Land Public landTemperature with Concrete Surface : Surface having Land Surface Temperature 30.78˚C - 35.08˚C Low Priority:

Areas underranges Urbancategorized Transformation (Temperature as per Natural Breaks (Jenks)) (Temperature ranges categorized as per Natural Breaks (Jenks))

Depaving Scenarios Fabio Bagattini Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Plannin Amrutanon-permeable Mahakalkar Depaving (removing pavements) and repaving Master of Science in U Krishna Priya Poroori (replacing with permeable pavements) are useful techniques Instructors: Eu to reduce storm-water flooding and high surface temperature in urban areas. Therefore, the analysis to identify maximum potential and feasible area for depaving was conducted. For maximum potential, the entire area under paved sidewalks along with private and public concretized surfaces were considered. But practically, a range of factors would reduce this potential to a small area. Therefore, in feasibility scenario, only publicly owned concretized surfaces were considered and intersected with surface temperature. The public areas with highest temperature such as parts of PoliMi Durando Campus and streets in La Masa Campus and around Piazza Bausan came under high and medium priority for depaving / repaving. Green Roofs Potential Additionally, potential built structures for installing PV panels and green roofs were identified. The possible green roofs were marked based on LiDAR and the corresponding total solar insolation mapping. Only public buildings were considered for the assessment. Retrofitting Potential For retrofitting, the existing buildings with energy classification E, F and G (considered most energy inefficient) were extracted from CENED dataset. These building could be used for retrofitting with PV panels and insulated wall in future and reduce their overall energy consumption.

35.08˚C - 36.76˚C Medium Priority 30.78˚C - 35.08˚C Low Priority 36.76˚C - 39.67˚C High Priority 35.08˚C - 36.76˚C Medium Priority Areas UrbanHigh Transformation 36.76˚Cunder - 39.67˚C Priority

Land 2 Public BlocksLand Public land uses from DUSAF 2018 Public 2 Blocks with with Public land uses from DUSAF 2018

Bovisasca – Dergano Bovisasca – Dergano

3 Areas for Urban Transformation proposed under PGT 2015 3 Areas for Urban Transformation proposed under PGT 2015

4 Land Surface Temperature 4 Land Surface Temperature Fabio Bagattini Amruta Mahakalkar Fabio Bagattini Krishna Priya Poroori Amruta Mahakalkar

T T8 8

ta/

Scalo Farini

4 Land Surface Temperature

Nodo Bovisa

3 Areas for Urban Transformation proposed un

Feasible Potential for Depaving

Maximum Potential for Depaving

Potential for Depaving 1 Maximum Paved Sidewalks and Concrete Surfaces (Pvt and Public both)

PoliMi Durando Campus

Nodo Bovisa

ta/

1 Kilometers

Krishna Priya Poroori

It is projected that new built development in the vacant plots marked for Big Urban Function (GFU) under PGT shall have energy smart, POLITECNICO DI MILANO Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering PV technology and green roofs integrated in them. POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Fall semester 2020 | School of ArchitectureInstructors: Urban Planning and Morello, Construction Engineering Eugenio Barbara E.A. Piga Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Instructors: Eugenio Morello, Barbara E.A. Piga

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Proposed Dergano Station

Certosa Station

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone Station

M Lancetti Station

NIL Boundary Maximum Potential Area for Depaving Feasible and High Priority Area for Depaving Feasible and Medium Priority Area for Depaving

Feasible and Low Priority Area for Depaving Potential Area Depaving under Urban Transformation Buildings with potential for greenroofs Buildings with Existing PV Panels

Building Energy Classification Class E 0 Class F Class G

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Risk Assessment Hazard (H) X

Risk Assessment

Reclassify data with Census Tracts

Exposure (E)

High Land Surface Temperature Risk

X Vulnerability (V)

Exposure (E) Assessment

Factor

Measure

Hazard 1

High Surface Heating

Land Surface Temperature (Landsat-8, 2019)

Exposure

Population

Population Density (Census)

Sensitivity Vulnerable population

Population below 10 years and above 65 years of age (Census)

Capacity

NDVI (3m, 2020)

Presence of Green Cover

Risk Assessment

Strategies A

Raster Statistics to Polygon (rasters) or Intersect (vectors)

[Sensitivity (S) / Capacity (C)]

Hazard (H) Assessment

Normalize values of all layers to [1,100]

Vulnerability (V) Assessment

Selection of the most relevant climate hazard for the study area was done by assessing the impacts of hydrological risk, forest fire and high surface temperature in the area in comparison to rest of Milan. It was observed that surface temperature (Landsat-8, 2019) in northern part is higher than Milan’s average, possibly due to the presence of continuous and dense built-up and lack of large green areas unlike the South with Parco Agricolo Sud (refer Hazard assessment map). 19

Climate Risk Assessment Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

High Surface Temperature Risk Assessment

Hazard 1 - High Surface Temperature

Hazard

Proposed Bovisasca Station

La Goccia and surrounding area under very less risk due to large green cover and thin population density

Proposed Dergano Station

Certosa Station

Residential Areas around proposed Dergano Station at high risk to surface heating

Villapizzone Station

Bovisa Station

Exposure

Risk - High Surface Temperature

Development south of Villapizzone Station susceptible to high surface heating

1 - 1. 5 Lancetti Station

1. 5 - 3 3-6 6 - 10

10 - 100

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

The methodology as elaborated in the diagram was conducted on the scale of the city to understand the relative difference of the hazard, vulnerability and capacity at the site in comparison to the rest of Milan. All the database obtained in the form of vector or raster were aggregated at the common units of Census Tracts and normalized to the value of [1,100]. Sensitivity With respect to Exposure, there is no dense residential settlement situated along the segment. Instead, this part has several warehouses and small factories. However, it gets denser in the northern and southern side of the railline after the buffer of a few blocks (refer Exposure assessment map). The site also possesses vulnerable groups of children and elderly, equivalent to the average of central and urban periphery of Milano (as found in Sensitivity assessment). Lastly, Bovisa and Bovisasca are endowed with good vegetation cover due to a few vacant lands and reforestation efforts in abandoned sites like La Goccia. However, green cover in the south-eastern part of the site around Dergano station is comparatively low (as found Capacity assessment). Based on Sensitivity and Capacity assessment, the nature of Vulnerability of the site and its people was mapped. Areas around the rail lines are less vulnerable due to lack of residential population and high soil cover along them. Capacity Dergano, Affori and Villapizzone appear to be most vulnerable to high surface temperature (refer Vulnerability assessment map). Areas under major risk level are the ones with the higher population density such as around Dergano Station and Villapizzone. In order to prioritize mitigation measures, flows of daily users that cross these area, experiencing the neighbourhood as well as the residents, in particular between the stations and the territorial attractors located there must be considered.

Circle Line - Segment 8

: Bovisasca – Dergano

Fabio Bagattini Amruta Mahakalkar Krishna Priya Poroori

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Fall semester 2020 | School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design Instructors: Eugenio Morello, Barbara E.A. Piga

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Centralities and Non-Centralities Identification of centralities and non-centralities can help in understanding the attractions and voids in the site, so as to introduce measures to improve or establish connections between the centralities or build new centralities to transform the character and identity of the area. To identify centralities and non-centralities around the segment, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) tool in ArcMap was used based on the clustering of Points of Interest (PoI). Following six main categories (with 227 sub-categories) were used: • Amenities • Leisure • Offices • Restaurants • Shops • Tourism

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Certosa Station

The PoI were classified on the basis of weightages allotted on the basis of two factors: 1. Footfall/crowd - the amount of crowd the PoI attracts on average. A university or supermarket attracts more crowd than an art gallery on average. 2. Willingness to walk - to reach the PoI. A person will be willing to walk 10-15 mins to reach a metro station or public office, but will not prefer to walk over 5 mins to a grocery store or ATM. The analysis produces hot and cold spots that highlights clusters with high concentration of high weightage PoI and low weightage PoI respectively. As evident, areas around Dergano and Villapizzone produced hot spots due to high commercial presence. Institutions like PoliMi campuses emerged as cold spots. Most importantly, the upper half area around proposed Bovisasca Station appears to be a non-centrality that can be considered undesirable for a station area.

Everyday

Weekly

10.0

Rarely

Weekly

Everyday

Footfall Footfall

5 min walk

10.0 5.0

5.0 1.0

1.0

10.0 5.0

5.0 1.0

1.0

5.0

5.0 5.0

5.0

10 min walk 15 min walk

15 min walk

5 min walk 10 min walk

Willingness to walkto Willingness walk

Proposed Dergano Station

Bovisa Station Villapizzone Station

Lancetti Station 0

Dergano - Hot Spot

PoliMi Durando - Cold Spot

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

Proposed Bovisasca Station

Cold Spots Institutional Significant and Regional Cold Spots ClustersInstitutional of attractors Significant and Regional low value Clusters of attractors low value Hot Spots Local Significant Hot Spots commercial Clusters Local of Significant attractors high value commercial Clusters of attractors high value

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Hard and Soft Transformations M

Hard Transformation is difficult to achieve. Parts of physical context are unchangable. E.g - an already developed park or garden that needs little or no intervention

M Proposed Bovisasca Station

Large Industrial Premise Certosa Station Certosa Station

Land for Urban Transformation

Less Hard -

Proposed Bovisasca Station

PoliMi Durando Campus

La Goccia Nodo Bovisa

In Between -

Bovisa Station

Such transformations consist change of physical composition of the built and open environment, but the landuse stays intact. Modification in the relationship between built and un-built environment.

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone Station Villapizzone Station

Proposed Dergano Station

Former car parking

Transformation involves only new additions that do not require changes at physical, contextual or structural way. Such minor fixes could be attachment of solar panels, depaving, green roofs, vertical walls, Sustainable drainage system, etc.

Proposed Dergano Station

PoliMi La Masa Campus

Demolished Industry

Less Soft M

Transformations may involve change in landuse, leading to appropriate changes in the physical and structural context.

Lancetti Station

Scalo Farini

Soft -

Lancetti Station

NIL Boundary Maximum Potential Area for Depaving Feasible and High Priority Area for Depaving Feasible and Medium Priority Area for Depaving

Feasible and Low Priority Area for Depaving Potential Area Depaving under Urban Transformation Buildings with potential for greenroofs Buildings with Existing PV Panels

Based on the scenarios generated for feasible forestation, depaving and retrofitting (with green roofs, wall insulation and PV panels), the site was delineated with respect to flexibility in adopting to different kinds of transformation through interventions. Areas marked under transformation in PGT - La Goccia, Nodo Bovisa, vacant parcel north to Bovisasca station can be considered as soft zones with maximum opportunity for transformation. Large and medium sized public properties such as PoliMi campuses, Negri Institute; and industrial premises with standing infrastructure 22

Building Energy Classification Class E 0 Class F Class G

0.25

0.5

1 Kilometers

can be considered suitable for structural and to some extent functional changes. However, areas in and around Dergano and Villapizzone would be the most challenging for transformation as they are mostly privately owned residential and commercial uses. Moreover, the streets are narrower with tighter built fabric which might take more effort with major alterations. Such properties would only be suitable for minor fixes as described in the map legend.

Such transformations are new projects that aim to completely change the site and its context as per the visions of the local and supralocal plans. The PGT 2030 demarcates several brownfield, contaminated and abandoned locations for “Urban Transformations” in the study area.

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Site Analysis

Proposed Bovisasca Station

SWOT Analysis and Focus Area M M2 Affori M M2 Affori M M2 Affori

La Goccia

Proposed Bovisasca Certosa Station Station Proposed Dergano Station

La Goccia Mi Durando Campus

Certosa Station

Proposed Dergano PoliMi Durando Campus Station ! M

Proposed Dergano Station

Bovisa Station

Villapizzone M2 Dergano Station

M2 Dergano

Well distributed parks Extensive rail network

Bovisa Station

M Abandoned areas without activities

M2 Maciachini and a barrier to free movement

M2 Maciachini

Lancetti Station

Catalysts of change

Lancetti Station

Opportunities X

Proposed Circle Line stations providing access to mobility and potential development within walkable distance (400 m) in future

Strenghts

Lancetti Station M

M2 Maciachini Well distributed parks

Catalysts of change Lancetti Extensive rail network Station

Weaknesses Abandoned areas without activities and a barrierNon-centrality to free movement

Opportunities X

Proposed Circle Line stations providing access to mobility and potential development within walkable distance (400 m) in future

Threats Barriers to movement due to rail track and high speed arterial road

Centralities Non-centrality Opportunities Opportunities Extensive rail network Strenghts Centralities for the study area were Proposed identifiedThreats by Proposed Circle Line stations Circle Line stations Only one, yet a large non-centrality emerged in The delineation of the focus area for precise strategies and actions X X Non-centrality Weaknesses Non-centrality Focus Area (2.60 km.sq) Well distributed parks overlapping a number of factors. Namely providing access to mobility and Centralities providing access to mobility the andstudy area viz. the area around Bovisasca was done by choosing a non-centrality which is a void in between Barrierswithin to movement due to rail Abandoned areas activities • Concentration of points of without interest (PoI) that were potential development within potential development station. It has been a product of lack of any Catalysts of change track andm) high speed arterial road and aHot barrier free movement from Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*)distance walkable results distance (400 m) intofuture walkable (400 inpoints future Centralities of interest, very large block sizes, Centralities Focus Area (2.60 km.sq) Extensive rail network • High population and population density fragmentation due to the criss-cross of three rail

active institutional centralities. But it possesses immense potential for a complete transformation of its identity by virtue of a new rail station and upcoming new accessibilities. Thus, Bovisasca station and its Threats • High climate risk areas Threats lines and abundance of vacant and abandoned periphery seem to hold great opportunities to be transformed into an Focus Area (2.60 km.sq) Weaknesses Focus Area (2.60 km.sq) land parcels. active, walkable, and vibrant transit node with a synergistic collaboration Barriers to movement due to rail Barriers to movement due to rail activities Abandoned areas without activities with its surrounding transit nodes of Bovisa and Villapizzone. track and high speed arterial road track and high speed arterial road

ment

P p p w

Threat

Weaknesses

M2 Maciachini

Well distributed parks

Catalysts of change

Strenghts

Opport

Strenghts

PoliMi La MasaStation Campus

Bovisa Station Villapizzone Station

Bovisa Station

! M

M2 Dergano

Villapizzone

PoliMi La Masa Campus

Villapizzone Station

Proposed PoliMi La Masa Campus Dergano Station

PoliMi Durando Campus

PoliMi Durando Campus PoliMi La Masa Campus

Villapizzo Station

M M2 Affori

Proposed Bovisasca Station

M2 Dergano

La Goccia

Certosa Station

Proposed Bovisasca Station

La Goccia

! M

PoliMi

and a barrier to free movement

B tr

Section 3: Design Proposal

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Design Proposal

From neighborhood resources to urban strategies NEIGHBORHOOD RESOURCES

DESIGN APPROACH

Resources at neighborhood level Unique to Bovisasca-Dergano segment

Optimization of resources

Circle line station and existing railway stations

The neighborhoods of Bovisa, Bovisasca and Villapizzone have some unique resources that could be used as opportunities for developing design strategies and eventually the solutions. The neighborhoods possess abundant green repository together with considerable areas under transformation and a highly diverse user group. Since the two major transportation nodes of Bovisa and Villapizzone stations are in close proximity to Bovisasca circle line station, the aim is to develop strategies that are trans-nodal, at the same time trans-scalar and climate responsive, involving various stakeholders along the planning process.

Trans-nodal

- Existing FNM Stations of Bovisa and Villapizzone are in close proximity to Bovisasca circle line station

Green repository of regional value

Trans-scalar

- Abundant areas under transformation with Greening potential - La Goccia - Existing Urban Parks

Digital platforms

Regione Lombardia

Diverse user group and stakeholders

Multi-actoral Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane

ReconnectiMi

Potential for sustainable energy adaptations

Climate responsive

Local Businesses

Euro Milano

URBAN CHALLENGES

Low income communities Non proﬁt organizations

Villapizzone Moneta

5. Promote social inclusive regeneration

Heat and Air Quality

Public Health and Well being

Bio Diversity and Urban Spaces

Soil Management

PRIORITY OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES

GREATER BOVISA GREEN HUB: The pro to multiple SDGs and eventually to more tha experience around the Bovisasca circle line address mobility, environmental, community resources, especially the diverse user group trans-disciplinary urban metabolism approac and climate assessments, but also sensory e transformation in the neighborhood and the d

Integrate Sense the Design Technology city Solutions The idea here is to look at Trans-disciplinary approach to Urban Metabolism by considering not just environmental aspects, but also the sensory and social phenomenon. A human centric, bottom-up approach that promotes sustainable behaviors and lifestyles is considered here. Stakeholder engagement for solutions proposed are of high importance. Source: http://www.toposonline.nl/2014/the-pulse-of-the-city-exploring-urb an-metabolism-in-amsterdam/, elaborated by authors

6. Outdoor Climate Proof Retrofitting

Floating population

URBAN METABOLISM

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Ferrovienord

Local Residents

Cariplo foundation

People Security

4. Improve sensory experience and sense of safety and security perception

Student Community

- Proposed geothermal plant at Bovisa for district heating - Stock of E, F, and G class buildings in residential sectors

Environmental Justice and Social Cohesion

3. Promoting reforestation to generate a strong green city scale infrastructure

FS Sistemi Urbani

Giardino degli Aromi Association

Politecnico di Milano

2. Enhance sustainable mobility opportunities in town (accessibility, walkability, slow mobility)

Rete Ferroviaria Italiana

Negri institute

- Floating population accessing transit hubs - Student Community - Local residents - Low income communities around Villapizzone

Urban Planning and Governance

Nuovo Bovisa Masterplan Nodo Bovisa Durando-Andreoli-Morghen PUMS & Stade-Aperte

Municipality of Milan

1. Revitalizing Urban areas along the circle line and the new stops

“We consider that NBS needs to be embedded in the existing policies, supported by urban planning and adopted in joint dialogues between policy, society, and science.” Source: Stakeholders’ Engagement on Nature-Based Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review; https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/2/640/htm

In short, the aim has been to develop the Bo comprehensive network of slow mobility, tog destination not just for the residents of the n of identified public spaces and urban blocks attempt to enhance user experience while at adaptation measures.

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

g s. The sitory

1. Develop an enhanced slow mobility network connecting centralities and transit nodes around circle line

1. Revitalizing Urban areas along the circle line and the new stops

Design Proposal

Mobility

2. Create a network of green and recreational spaces volarizing Bovisa at city and neighborhood level

2. Enhance sustainable mobility opportunities in town (accessibility, walkability, slow mobility)

aim is the e, ning

Mobility strategy aims to create a comprehensive network of slow mobility and public transport reducing spatial fragmentation in the neighborhood and improving last mile access to transit nodes

Environmental + Climate

3. Promoting reforestation to generate a strong green city scale infrastructure

3. Promote an inclusive urban regeneration of abandoned and underused spaces around circle line Community

4. Improve sensory experience and sense of safety and security perception

4. Promote sustainable energy practices for climate action planning Energy

5. Promote social inclusive regeneration

Multi-beneﬁt

Good health & Well being

6. Outdoor Climate Proof Retrofitting

PRIORITY OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Quality public spaces

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Leisure & Recreation

Human centric streetscape

Climate responsive

Climate based strategy - The idea here is to create green corridors connecting existing and proposed green spaces, together with nature based solutions enhancing quality of identified public spaces

Land & Biodiversity reclamation

Energy & Resources management

Community engagement & enhancement

PROPOSED DESIGN STRATEGIES

GREATER BOVISA GREEN HUB: The project has been developed based on a multi-benefit approach. The chosen design principles are linked to multiple SDGs and eventually to more than one design strategies and actions. The design strategies are meant to accentuate the last mile user experience around the Bovisasca circle line station in addition with the Bovisa and Villapizzone stations that are in close proximity. The strategies address mobility, environmental, community and energy concerns in the neighborhood. The idea here is to tap the identified neighborhood resources, especially the diverse user group and optimize the same for addressing identified urban challenges through the lens of a trans-disciplinary urban metabolism approach as described. The design has been developed not just based on the extensive preliminary analysis and climate assessments, but also sensory experiences and on site analysis. The project takes into consideration a number of areas under transformation in the neighborhood and the design has been developed accordingly. In short, the aim has been to develop the Bovisasca station and the urban blocks surrounding with a comprehensive network of slow mobility, together with a green corridor that could prove to be a destination not just for the residents of the neighborhood, but also the residents of Milan. A network of identified public spaces and urban blocks are to be developed using nature based solutions in an attempt to enhance user experience while at the same time serving as climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.

PROPOSED DESIGN ACTIONS

Community based strategy aims at a human centric development of the neighborhood, by reclaiming abandoned urban blocks for community consumption and improving sense of safety on streets

Energy strategy - The proposal for a geothermal plant and eventually for district heating in Bovisa, similar to the facility at Canavese, Milan, can be executed by retrofitting identified E, F, G classes buildings to the south of CL and by integrating the system in developing residential and commercial blocks in the neighborhood

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Design Proposal

Masterplan

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Nature-based solutions employed

Design Proposal

Design focus: via Cosenz - via Durando The area of design focus includes areas between the streets Bovisasca, Durando and Cosenz, in the path from Polimi Durando campus to the new Bovisasca station. Initial analysis and site visits showed us that the space around was in need of interventions, especially to tackle heat caused due to no shade and over exposure. The site is a strategic location owing to its proximity to the Polimi campus and the proposal for Bovisasca circle line station. The aim was to develop the surroundings together with the station as a destination for recreation by employing nature based solutions for mitigating heat and enhancing quality of space. The site is expected to attract diverse user group once the station starts functioning. Nature based solutions employed include tree lined streets, green parking lots, green roofs, urban parks and carbon sink, urban farms and a garden of senses. The garden of senses is proposed together with an adaptive reuse of Cascina Albana. The quality of streets around the site is also proposed to be improved with the removal of blind walls and instead proving greened fences where ever necessary to improve sense of safety and security on the streets.

Green compound walls - lower than human eye level

Island of coolness

Green parking lots

Tree lined streets

Green roofs

Urban parks and Carbon sinks

Urban farms

Garden of senses

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Design Proposal

Phases of Masterplan implementation The complex renovation plan, sum of diverse design solutions, enhancement of existing systems, and new urban situations, has naturally to be realised in a long time. The presence of many abandoned areas and polluted industrial zones, makes not only possible to see Bovisa as a site of a huge future development of the urban functions, but also suggests that these areas will require time to be planned, environmentally remediated, and developed in a sustainable and efficient way. After the accomplishment of this part of the city development, Milano will enjoy a totally new Gate of the city, with the integrated interchange nodes of BovisaBovisasca-Villapizzone, a new green spine that links the city centre phase 1

phase 2

Tram line extension to Bovisa

Circle Line Bovisasca opening

(ex-scalo Farini) with the northern parks, and eventually, a re-branded liveability of the quarters and of the Attractor nodes present in it. For these reasons, it is hard to imagine temporal deadlines in which the works will be realised, nevertheless, it is possible to establish some priorities among the planned interventions, that will be marked by the realisation of the Circle Line and other crucial infrastructures. Phase 1 contains all the high priority interventions in terms of liveability of the public spaces, aiming to provide better urban comfort, green quality and develop the immediately feasible areas, also in prevision of a future increase of accessibility and usage of the areas. An east-west cyclable connection is included in these works, to enhance the reachability of

Bovisa and Villapizzone stations, together with the Polimi polarity. Phase 2 is marked by the arrival of the Circle Line in the station Bovisasca: this great step in the urban mobility will be accompanied by a necessary north-south implementation of the cyclable network, that takes some marginal space from the abandoned areas to plant tree lines and build the bike lanes. Central will be also the extension of the tram line to Bovisa station, increasing its interchange role. Phase 3 will most likely happen when the value of the areas, given their renovated accessibility, will make possible to develop new urban functions, also considering the longer time required for the phyto-remediation of lands, in the case of new parks and urban woods.

phase 3

Nodo Bovisa Polimi C. Durando Polimi C. LaMasa New Piazza Durando Bovisasca - Cosenz LaGoccia Park Villapizzone Musocco Legend 3

Tram line extension to Certosa

1 Depaving Forestation/greening Green roofs Street tree lines Bike path connection New/Renovated overpass Tramline extension New road passage Building/area development New public space Total retrofitted space 29

Section 4: Proposals Assessment

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 1a - Potential temperature difference

Polimi Durando Campus

This indicator measures the change in potential temperature in outdoor environment. Outdoor conditions were simulated using the software, Envimet, considering temperature, humidity and wind direction as main parameters. Results show a potential difference/drop in air temperature, majorly around areas of proposed forestation and depaving. Sectional analysis shows the effect of proposed green roofs at building roof level where a similar drop in air temperature can be observed.

Simulation process Polimi Durando Campus Model

Vegetation Definition

Simulate

Process

Visualise

SDG Associated :

Design Principle : Revitalizing urban areas along the circle line and around new stops.

Before (Air Temperature at 15:00)

After (Air Temperature at 15:00)

Difference in Air Temperature at 15:00

Before (Air Temperature at 15:00)

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 1b - Thermal Comfort: PMV value The index to represent weather conditions to which people are exposed so that the physiological strain and hence possible health effects on people can be anticipated is called PMV. Fanger (1970) produced the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) for assessing thermal comfort and it has been widely used (ISO 7730). The PMV is an index which predicts the thermal sensation of people based on the seven-point scale(+3 hot, +2 warm, +1 slightly warm, 0 neutral, -1 slightly cool, -2 cool, -3 cold). For the evaluation of the thermal environment, it is important to know human responses to various thermal conditions. This indicator evaluates the PMV thermal comfort index when applied to predicting the thermal sensations of people outdoors. A change in thermal comfort can be seen along the forested and depaved areas.

Polimi Durando Campus

Simulation parameters

Polimi Durando Campus

SDG Associated :

Body Parameters Age of the person (y): 35 Weight (Kg): 75.00 Gender: Male Height (m): 1.75 Surface Area (DyBois-Area): 1.92 sqm Clothing Parameters Static Clothing Insulation (clo): 0.90 Persons metabolism rate (W): 164.49

Design Principle : Revitalizing urban areas along the circle line and around new stops

Before (PMV at 15:00)

After (PMV at 15:00)

Potential difference in PMV at 15:00

Campus

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 2 - NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index for quantifying green vegetation. The value range of the NDVI is -1 to 1. Negative values of NDVI (values approaching -1) correspond to water. Values close to zero (-0.1 to 0.1) generally correspond to barren areas of rock, sand, or snow. Low, positive values represent shrub and grassland (approximately 0.2 to 0.4), while high represent a dense vegetation and forests (values approaching 1). NDVI was used to assess the impact of the following new interventions on the overall quantity of green cover in the study area: • Forestation • Depaving • Mixed green areas that include grass, plants and trees (parks) • Green roofs • Shaded streets These interventions were done inside the focus area. The focus area already has a good quality supply of green cover (NDVI > 0.65) in vacant areas like La Goccia and other former industrial sites. The design proposal attempts to retain the green cover of those areas and forest them as possible. However, vacant lands, current low-quality green, that are marked for urban transformation in PGT will have a reduction in surface area under green cover, decreasing the overall effect of forestation in the same plot. The rest of smaller islands of coolness, green roofs and tree lines, aim to compensate this reduced soil cover with more concentrated vegetation.

Design Principle : Promoting reforestation to generate a strong green city scale infrastructure SDG Associated :

% change of NDVI in focus area (calculated through squaring for negative values) = + 1.8 Before (NDVI)

After (NDVI)

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 3 - New Mobility Connections The design proposal has laid down new bike infrastructure, new street connections (crucial to permeate large ex-industrial blocks) and tram lines under the purview of Milano’s PGT and PUMS. Additional smaller linkages especially for bikes and pedestrians have also been established. The simplest indicator to measure the change in mobility infrastructure supply is percentage increase in the length. A peculiar aspect about the study area is the complete lack of bike lane network (despite a high percentage of university and residential landuse). Thus, the most evident need was for an extensive network of bike mobility. Therefore, quantitatively the bike network would increase by 1657% as initially the site contained just a stretch of 1.5 km of bike lane. Other mobility infrastructure would be expanded as followed:

Unit Bike Lane km Bike Stations no. Tram line km

Before 1587 6 10347

Design Principle : P.4 - Enhance sustainable mobility opportunities in town (accessibility, walkability, slow mobility) SDG Associated :

After Percent Increase 27887 1657 12 100 20158 95

Unit Unit Bike Lane km Bike Lane km Bike BikeStations Stations no. no. Tram line km Tram line km

Existing bike lanes and BikeMi stations Proposed bike lanes and stations Existing tram line and stations

Before - Mobility Proposed tram line

Existing bike lanes and BikeMi stations

ProposedExisting rail stations bike lanes and BikeMi stations

Existing and stations Existing Metro linetram and line stations Existing tram line and stations M M

Existing rail line and stations Existing rail line and stations Existing Metro line and stations Existing Metro line and stations

After Percent After PercentIncrease Increase 27887 1657 27887 1657 12 100 12 100 20158 95 20158 95

After - Mobility

Existing rail line and stations

Before Before 1587 1587 66 10347 10347

M M

Existing bike lanes and BikeMi stations Existing bike lanes and BikeMi stations Proposed bike lanes and stations Proposed bike lanes and stations Existing tram line and stations Existing tram line and stations Proposed tram line Proposed tram line Existing rail line and stations Existing rail line and stations Proposed rail stations Proposed rail stations Existing Metro line and stations Existing Metro line and stations

M M

Existing rail line and stations Existing rail line and stations Existing Metro line and stations Existing Metro line and stations

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Existing tram line and stations Existing tram line and stations Proposed tram line Proposed tram line Existing rail line and stations Existing rail line and stations Proposed rail stations Proposed rail stations Existing Metro line and stations Existing Metro line and stations

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 4 - Choice Choice is one of the parameters to assess space and network through Space Syntax. Space Syntax is an analytical tool to define movement and occupation as the fundamental functions of a layout, where M M permeability of all spaces is the priority condition for a functioning layout structure. The analysis was conducted through the software Depthmapx. “Choice” measures how likely a street segment it is to be passed through on all shortest routes from all spaces to all other spaces in the entire system. The radius of analysis was 400m, suitable for a pedestrian. The higher the value, faster is the street for a pedestrian to access and reach other streets. In order to simplify interpretation, the values obtained were normalized and dataset on street segments was translated to 40m x 40 m grid. Through new street connections linking different clusters of the site, the Choice measure is estimated to improve by 10%.

Before - Choice

Design Principle : P.4 - Enhance sustainable mobility opportunities in town (accessibility, walkability, slow mobility)

SDG Associated :

After - Choice

High High

Low Low

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 5 - Integration Integration is another parameter to assess space and network through Space Syntax analysis. It is a normalised measure of distance from any space of origin to all others in a system. The better the measure, the better connected the neighbourhoods. Lower value indicates fragmentation. In order to simplify interpretation, the values obtained were normalized and dataset on street segments was translated to 40m x 40 m grid. As visible in the before-scenario, due to rail lines, the neighbourhoods of Dergano, Villapizzone and Quarto Oggiaro appear fragmented into separate clusters. La Goccia and upper portion to circle line have very low integration value, being surrounded by large linear barriers from all sides. However, the new linkages of streets and bike lanes network would connect the presently underused High High and fragmented sites like La Goccia across the rail lines. The average integration value (normalized) in the focus area is expected improved by 14%.

Low Low

Before - Integration

Design Principle : P.4 - Enhance sustainable mobility opportunities in town (accessibility, walkability, slow mobility) SDG Associated :

High High

Low Low

After - Integration

High High

Low Low

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

Proposal Benefits Assessment

Indicator 6 - Centralities Centralities in the form of hot and cold spots were identified using Hot-spot analysis (Getis-ord g* index) in GIS. Weightages were alloted to Points of Interests (PoI) based on: 1. Average footfall they attract 2. Willingness to walk to reach them The existing site has prominent cold spots at PoliMi Durando and La Masa Campuses. Hot spots are presents around Via Giuseppe Tartini in Dergano, in Affori Centro along the M3 metroline and near Ghisolfa. The focus area was chosen particularly due to lack of and opportunity for a new centrality. Therefore, new centralities as per the objectives of the proposal were visualized after allotting weightages to new activity High High points mostly around Bovisasca and Bovisa stations. These new Point of Interests (PoI) are not precise and only tentatively assumed.

Low Low

Before - Centralities

Design Principle : P. 2 - Revitalizing urban areas along the circle line and around new stops SDG Associated :

High High

Low Low

After - Centralities

Conclusions

Segment 8: Dergano - Bovisasca

The future human and green connectivity hub The proposal tried to tackle as many issues possible among those recognised to be influential on the neighbourhoods that we considered. The existing scenario has been taken into account in a reality-related attitude and coherent way, as well as the future project ongoing on the areas, and the municipal plans to develop its fields. This approach aimed at the design and simulation of some interventions that can enhance the quarter’s quality of life in a relatively immediate way, studying solutions that can be phased according to actual resources and future expectations. The result is a set of feasible interventions that, spacing from the nature based solutions to the mobility improvement and the ecological connectivity, without forgetting the social aspects of such interventions and the needs to create places, addresses the everyday liveability of the neighbourhoods and its users ton propose a better scenario. The design indeed doesn’t ignore the contrasting human landscapes that compose the zone, and tries to compose them into a coherent change in the direction of a sustainable and pleasant urban landscape. The outcomes of the design indicator assessment confirmed that the interventions selected carefully are positive for the liveability of the urban environment and for its path towards a sustainable future, even if sometimes not reflective of what a standard expectation could be. This helps us understanding how difficult can be to change the scenario in which we live in, and how many resources have to be spent in order to reach the improvements that are required by the 2030 Agenda and by the Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, it shows that an approach of spread urban renewal, linked by the sustainable framework of the Circle Line, is possible to achieve and it can actually do an important part of the path towards the reach of the addressed SDGs.