THE CYCLE HUB the architecture of cycling in sydney
ANGUS WHITTLE - Z5106384 A RCH 7202 - M AJOR DESIGN ST U DIO 2017 U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W S O U T H WA L E S
CONTENTS
Thematic Research
Initial Proposal
PA R T 1
PA R T 3
Abstract 5 Moving City 6 Problems 8 Response 14 Precedent #1 18 Strava Analytics 24 Cycling Infrastructure 32 Precedent #2 38 Precedent #3 42 Cycling Technology 46 Research Question 50 Existing Context 52 Initial Proposal 58 Massing 64 Feedback 68
Master Planning & Initial Design PA R T 2
Personal Movment 72 Function 74 Vertical Exploration 76 Site Moves 100 Master Plan 108 Feedback 120
Design Exploration Revised Proposal Reflection
122 126 137
Design Development PA R T 4
Initial office design Facade Detailing Structural Strategy Reflection
144 148 154 158
Final Proposal PA R T 5
Cycle Hub Locations Master Plan Refined Office Layout refined Systems Stratergies Bay Sections Journey Renders Perspective Sections
160 164 168 170 174 178 196
CYCLING IN SYDNEY
Cycling in Sydney has not always been the scary place many who choose not to ride say it is. In fact before the widening of roads and narrowing of shoulders Sydney was not all that bad compared to Melbourne.
OPPOSIT E
Hickson Road 7 am, commonly referd to the golden hour. This road is used quite frequently by cyclist coming from either from the west of northern suburbs. Image captured by Bob Barrett
5 5
MOVING CITY
Comparing the time spent traveling using different methods across two cities 6 6
CIT IES.HUMAN.CO
— The average citizen rides using Humans mobile photo app rides at least 4 minutes per day. this is compared to Melbourne only 1 minute behind and Sydney a disappointing 3 minutes off pace. It is clear to see that Sydney is well behind the global norm but why is this?
Right Activity in cities; Average, Melbourne, Sydney
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PROBLEMS
8 8
Why do people need to cycle more and what is
UNEP launches Global Outlook report on Walking
stopping them?
and Cycling?
DISCUSSION
F I A F OU N DAT ION
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There are many reasons why people choose not to cycle around
A new report by Share the Road, led by UN Environment
Sydney. The main reasons tends to be a variance of not feeling safe on
Programme, and funded by the FIA Foundation, highlights the
the road.
importance of investment in walking and cycling infrastructure
Having lived in Melbourne most of my live I have experienced first hand how much more narrow the roads are here. This means in order to build new infrastructure the only option is sacrificing full lanes.
in cities worldwide. Currently a lack of investment in safe walking and cycling infrastructure is contributing to the deaths of millions of people and failing to contribute to the fight against deadly air pollution and climate change..
This receives varied criticism as the roads in Sydney are already struggling to cope with the current traffic situation.
Right
Above
A series of news article exerts discussing the problems involved with cycling in a city.
School children run in Malawi
Fewer people are cycling in Sydney – the NSW
Sydney needs to put less focus on fining cyclists and
government must be pleased?
more on infrastructure.
ST EV EN HER R ICK
M AT T H E W DU N N
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—
There are two ways for governments to ensure the safety of cyclists.
The latest crackdown, dubbed Operation Pedro, resulted in 141
The first option, adopted by civilised countries, is to build bi-
fines issued to cyclists and pedestrians — which will net the Baird
cycle-friendly infrastructure, to enact legislation that favours
government more than $26,000.
sustainable modes of transport, to design cities that focus on humans first and motor vehicles last.
“..outcomes for all citizens – fewer cars on the road; better public transport; children who can cycle to school instead of being driven;
“Sydney is Australia’s largest global city and the premier destination for international corporations, business leaders, tourists and students. As such, you would expect its bicycle infrastructure and attitude towards cyclists to be world class.
clean air from a decrease in emissions, and better health outcomes.”
Sadly, this is not the case.”
Above
Above
A lone cyclist rides through traffic in Sydney’s city centre.
A cyclist on his commutes through Redfern
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Trying to make sense of the Sydney cycling crash.
Wife of cyclist killed in Rose Bay, backs cycle path.
JOHN SU N DE
W E N T WORT H COU R I E R
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A crash in Sydney involving a motorist and half a dozen cyclists has
It has been almost two years since father-of-four Henri Sueke was
attracted significant media attention around Australia and beyond.
killed while cycling to work. The talented eye surgeon was just
10
Reports have focused on the fact the cyclists were riding on the busy
36-years-old when he walked out the front door of his young family’s
Southern Cross Drive in Sydney’s south but as local cyclist John
home in Rose Bay for the last time. Minutes later he was crushed
Sunde writes, the location of the incident isn’t particularly important.
under the wheels of a massive truck on New South Head Rd.
“If the bike looks like that, what does the rider look like…?”
“If there had been a cycle path, Henri would still be alive,” she said.
Above
Above
The scene of the accident.
The scene of the accident.
Michele Scarponi, Giro d’Italia winning cyclist,
Shock as French cycling star Yoann Offredo shares
killed when hit by van during a training ride near his
sickening images after getting beaten up with
home in Filottrano, Italy
baseball bat and a box cutter
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World ultra-distance cycling champion Mike Hall killed in Indian Pacific Wheel Race following a collision with a car
“Just got rammed on purpose by an impatient driver who followed me onto the pavement! Thankfully I’m okay Bike totaled. Driver kept going!”
Above
Above
Professional Cyclists killed this year Mike Hall here in Australia just out of Canberra
Two near misses where riders have experienced violence on the road (not in Australia)
Green Square to Randwick Cycle Connection
November 2009 - The College Street a 3 lane main road
CIT Y OF SY DN EY
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The design for the next piece of the Sydney bike network. The Green Square to Randwick Cycle Connection will run through Portman Street, Joynton Avenue and Epsom road. This work will also help us get closer to completing the Marrickville to Randwick regional bike route.
“..will improve safety and connections for people to ride to travel to and from work or just for fun and fitness, and encourage more to walk and ride”
Right Google Street view images of changes along College Street
September 2013 - The College Street separated cycle way
August 2015 - The College Street cycle way being removed
Heavy fines, stalled bike paths blamed for drop in Sydney cycling rates. J AC O B S A U LW I C K
— The number of people cycling in central Sydney is lower than it was two years ago – with some advocates blaming the drop on the policies of the Baird government. Until about a year ago, the state government had a target of doubling the number of trips made in Sydney by bicycle.
“Cyclists counted during peak hours at the Anzac Bridge, Anzac December 2016 - The College Street a 3 lane main road
Parade and the Sydney Harbour Bridge grew from 3830 in 2009 to a high of 5249 in 2013. Then dropped to 4453 in 2015.”
Above The state government has stalled construction of CBD bike lanes.
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RESPONSE
14 14
Some attempt at rectifying problems already existing
NSW budget 2016: $80 million for cycling
in Sydney
infrastructure
DISCUSSION
SEA N N ICHOLLS
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It is not all negativity in the media, there are some positives to be
Improving bicycle access to the Sydney Harbour Bridge could be one
identified. These revolve around new funding for infrastructure
of the projects bankrolled by a new $80 million cycling infrastructure
and the identification of new routes that will soon begin their
fund.
construction process.
Cyc lists must currently push their bikes up several flights of steps to reach the main deck on the northern side of the harbour crossing.
“We all know the health benefits of cycling and want to encourage people to get moving and lead an active lifestyle, that’s why we’re boosting investment in cycling infrastructure,” she said.
Right
Above
A series of news article exerts discussing the steps to solve problems.
Cyclists on the steps leading up to the Bridge
Green Square to Randwick Cycle Connection
Separated cycleway along Moore Park Rd to link up
CIT Y OF SY DN EY
to Bondi Junctions
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W E N T WORT H COU R I E R
The design for the next piece of the Sydney bike network. The Green
—
Square to Randwick Cycle Connection will run through Portman
The long awaited, two-way cycleway would connect South Dowling
Street, Joynton Avenue and Epsom road. This work will also help us
St with Lang Rd and link into the existing cycle path on Oxford St
get closer to completing the Marrickville to Randwick regional bike
that runs along the northern edge of Centennial Park to York Rd. On
route.
the city side, it would feed into the Bourke St cycleway via existing shared paths on Fitzroy St.
“..will improve safety and connections for people to ride to travel to and from work or just for fun and fitness, and encourage more to walk and ride”
“Creating infrastructure that encourages more people to walk or ride helps free up space on our crowded public transport and roads,” she said.
Above
Above
The proposed connecting cycleway link in Redfern
The proposed two-way, separated cycleway along Moore Park Rd
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Cycle Strategy Implementation Update CIT Y OF SY DN EY
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— Every working day, 62,000 car trips of less than 5 km take place in the Sydney city centre. By increasing the convenience of walking and cycling, by removing some of these short car trips, making it easier for deliveries, service vehicles and other essential car journeys.
Where cycleway infrastructure has been built, there was a strong growth in cycling trips , a 416% increase in bike trips at George and Wellington Streets in Redfern & a 308% increase at Bourke and Phelps Streets in Surry Hills.
Above & Right George Street Cycleway & a map of the current & future Cycle way projects outlined in document
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North Sydney to Edgecliff City North to Greeen Square Anzac Bridge to Anzac Parade Broadway Link Sydney Harbour to Botany Bay USYD to UNSW Marrickville to Randwick Newtown to Bondi Junction Sydney Park to Centenial Park Leichhardt to City South Future investigation
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Cycling
1:50000
PRECEDENT #1
Sydney 2050: A Sustainable City Vision for Greater Height, Public benefit & Tall building Resurgence. 18 18
PHILIP VIVIAN
— What draws me to the Sydney 2050 paper by Philip Vivian is the idea of density focused around transport hubs. The relaxing of planning rules to help cultivate developer interest is a smart one and as he points out a profitable one in terms of infrastructure and monetary value.
Vivian points out that among others Circular Quay is one of the identified transit hub zones in need of higher than allowed density. This leads me to believe that having a transport and density focus is paramount for this project.
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1961 2.18m
1971 2011 2.80m 4.39m
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2051 7.26m*
Cities growth Sydney population growth *ABS estimate
SUSTAINABILITY Sustainability TRANSIT HUBS
To be sustainable with an increased density we believe Sydney needs a fully functioning rapid transit system, providing transport throughout the inner ring.
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To be Sustainable with an increased density we believe Sydney needs a fully functioning rapid transit system, providing transport throughout the inner ring.
Right Batesmart’s diagram showing Metro Stations and Heavy rail connecting at transit hubs
y linked ertall to pay
Economic Development T R A NSPORT H U BS
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A sustainable transport Sydney will be directly linked to
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development. Increased floor space for supertall buildings will be bought from the government to pay for the rapid transit system.
Left Batesmart’s diagram showing where higher density would be located near transport hubs
Economic development I NC R E A S E D G FA
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Total proposed GFA above the current LEP -
4.8 million sqm In 2032 this will be worth
-
7.1 billion*.
* Assumptions: 8.6% increase in sqm rate/year. Based on averageproperty prices over the six major capital cities growing at an average 8.6% per annum since 1955.
Right Batesmart’s diagrams showing the Sydney skyline in existing, LEP and proposed states.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT URBAN DESIGN
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Total proposed GFA above the current LEP: –Existing4.8 million sqm In 2032, this will be worth: – $7.1 billion*
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URBAN DESIGN
*Assumptions: 8.6% increase in Sqm rate/year. Based on average property prices over the six major capital cities growing at an average of 8.6% per LEP annum since 1955. Current average rate is $331/sqm Predicted 2032 value is $1,461/sqm
Existing
Proposed (Blue)
LEP (Grey) Proposed Additional LEP Envelopes LEP
Proposed Additional LEP Envelopes
Above Batesmart’s graphical representation of what the skyline of Sydney could look like if Vivian’s ideas were realised
CYCLIST HUBS
Looking at identifying cycling hubs and their connecting highways. 24 24
S T R AVA
— The development of Strava has been a long time coming. It even has a devision called metro where cities can pay to access the public data and use it to help develop plans for their infrastructure.
With the aid of this service I will attempt to identify not only transit hubs but some of Sydney’s neglected cycling super highways which need more attention.
Right Activity in Sydney; Transport (Public, Personal) vs Cycling
City scale analysis of cycling highways . S T R AVA
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At a closer view point it can be said that the change of use at the
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intersection of the APDG site is evident as a focus in c reating new infrastructure that has yet been realised by the state or federal government. I think that once the light rail is completed there just will not be enough space for both cars and bikes and trams to transport themselves down George street. I think this holds great potential similar to that of Swanston street in Melbourne. The removal of access to public cars and leaving the street only to pedestrians, light rail and cyclists is something that I plan to address in further detail.
Right Activity in Sydney; Transport(Public, Personal) vs Cycling
PERSONAL MOVEMENT
Observation of personal activity data via heat mapping. 26 26
S T R AVA
— To continue the analysis of these cycling locations I tapped into my personal movements around Sydney. Similar to the all user heatmap it is clear that the north west corner of the APDG site is a point of reference for many cyclists. It is a point where people are unsure of where to take themselves and thus need some form of new direction such as a separated cycle way.
Right Personal Strava activity
Left Activity in Sydney; 15 km Radius
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Left Activity in Sydney; 2 km Radius
GREATER SYDNEY
Different suburbs require different infrastructure. S T R AVA
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I accessed a few of my friends heat maps all of them living in different suburbs around Sydney as I thought mine was a little limited living just south of the CBD. They live in Parramatta, Erskineville, Wolli Creek and Crows Nest all have varied routes and distances to travel but all go into the CBD for work 5 days a week like many other Sydney residents.
The Transit hubs these members activities identify are that of Strathfield/Newtown, Sydney Olympic Park and North Sydney. These with the already mentioned Circular Quay and perhaps Bondi Junction will form the basis for the further master planning of my project.
Above Heatmap activity around Greater Sydney
Erskineville resident
Crows Nest resident
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Parramatta resident
Wolli Creek resident
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STRAVA SYDNEY HEATMAP - CYCLE
CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE
What exists around the city of Sydney? GOOGLE MAPS
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Along side the analysis of the Strava heatmap data I chose to look at the Google Map cycling routes. This is what many people use to navigate Sydney by bicycle but as I found this could be an underlying problem to why cyclist numbers have been fluctuating in that some of these roads identified as being “Bike Friendly Roads” are in fact inherently dangerous.
Over the next couple of pages I have identified some of these cycling routes around the City of Syndeys inner suburbs and how Google classifies them. On the right you can see they are drawn up as being “trails”, “dedicated lanes” or “Bike Friendly Roads”. In its current state there are very few dedicated lanes available. Which as I have already mentioned is a problem because the bike friendly roads are not always that friendly. .
Right Diagram identifying current Trails, separated cycle paths and “bike friendly roads”
TRAILS DEDICATED LANES BIKE FRIENDLY ROADS
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1
Cycling
1:20000
Reality of suggestions GOOGLE MAPS
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— Out lined on the opposite page you can see that the Google Maps suggestions are not what they promise. One of the main points is the fact that there are signs at the entries of both the Botanical Gardens and Hyde park informing cyclist that riding through is prohibited and yet they are identified as being part of Sydney cycling infrastructure.
The other point as i briefly identified on the page before is that many of the “bike friendly roads” are in no means bike friendly, who ever worked on mapping these suggestions has never ridden around Sydney. As a cyclist myself who has ridden all of these roads can attest to the dangers along some of them and in tern identify that they really need some improvement, which will be outlined on the next page.
Right Diagram identifying current reality of Trails, separated cycle paths and “bike friendly roads”
TRAILS DEDICATED LANES BIKE FRIENDLY ROADS DANGEROUS ROADS CYCLING NOT ALLOWED
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1
Cycling
1:20000
Ideal Situations GOOGLE MAPS
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— Identified on this final map is my planned improvements to the City of Sydney cycleways most notable is the introduction of a full separated two lane path down the length of George Street. I have drawn inspiration from the likes of Swanston street in Melbourne. With the lightrail well on its way to completion, I think that having the chance to lay down the cycleway infrastructure before the lightrail is completion would be a very bad planning decision. Others include Bridge Street, Sussex Street, Goulburn Street, King Strret, Macquarie Street, Druitt/Park/William Street, Pitt Street Extension, Oxford and Liverpool street and opening up the coast line path around the Botanical gardens .
Right Diagram identifying current Trails, separated cycle paths and “bike friendly roads”
TRAILS DEDICATED LANES BIKE FRIENDLY ROADS
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1
Cycling
1:20000
PRECEDENT #2
MediBank Place, Docklands. 38 38
HASSEL ST U DIO
— The second precedent I chose was MediBank Place in the Docklands, Melbourne. I have always been quite fond of this building. Having experienced first hand the vertical movement associated with the central atrium. Then having one good friend who works there and is always posting photos of the amazing views inside thanks to a wonderfully orginised pallet of colours which highlight the internal environment.
Upon a more in depth analysis it is clear that Hassel were well and truly on the money when tasked with creating an office which was to embody the health insurance company. Health is a clear theme that runs throughout the building seen not only at the cycle friendly entrance and bike storage but that it has its own multi-use sports court for employees.
Right Two floor plans which identify two of the most important features
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Mid level floor plan 1:200
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Upper Burke Street floor plan 1:1000
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Vertical Transportation MEDIBAN K
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“The idea of mobility and physical movement was expressed right
through the architecture and right through all of the setting types that people can work at,”
“Since Medibank moved into the space, they’ve had great increases in
engagement,” Backhouse says. “People say that they feel healthier, more productive and can collaborate better.”
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Left + Right Personal diagrams of the internal structure
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PRECEDENT #3
The Nightingale Model. SIX DEGR EES
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The Nightingale Model has been quite successful around Australia, with a 3 active projects in Melbourne and one recently approved in Perth. The reason I decided to focus on this project is not for its design but the reasoning behind it. It revolves around 6 different factors each serving the users and surrounding community.
The most recent iteration of the model has just been approved by VCAT because of its complete lack of any car parking. This is another factor which drew me to the project as I plan to have no parking bar a few delivery bays.
Right SixDegree’s sketch render.
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Affordability
Transparency
Deliberative Design
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Capped project profits.
Transparent project costs to investors and
Meaningful and informed participation
purchasers
from future home owners across the project,
Designed to reduce operating and maintenance costs. Removal of unnecessary inputs, e.g.
Transparent governance and decision-making processes
marketing activities and display suites. Covenant on resale to ensure affordability is passed on.
Right SixDegree’s sketch render showing proximity to public transport and cycle paths
from design through to settlement Purchasers given real cost information during the design process to support informed decisions.
Sustainability
Community Contribution
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—
100% fossil fuel free building operations, e.g.
Contribution back to the local urban
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via an embedded energy network
community through the creation of
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Minimum 7.5 star NatHERS thermal rating Water harvesting and productive gardens
connected communities, active street frontages, fine-grain and tactile pedestrian experience for passers-by, and engagement with tenants who can provide ‘third spaces’.
E-bikes, electric-assisted bicycle are the future of urban transport
Canberra apartments first to get residential e-bike scheme
CH R I ST I A N H A AG
CA M ERON J EW ELL
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not, e-bikes – which boast a small motor that drives one of the wheels,
It doesn’t matter if you’re old or young, an experienced bicycle rider or making pedaling up hills and across town a breeze – are redefining
An apartment block in Canberra has become the first residential development in Australia to get an electric bike share scheme.
transport.
Bike share platform BYKKO has partnered with developer Art
Across the globe, cities are transforming their road networks and how
Group to provide 10 electric share bikes at the On Forbes apartments
their citizens move. While the detail of this transformation varies
in Turner. Residents of the apartments will receive a free 12-month
from city to city, a clear consensus has emerged: any government with
subscription to the service.
a ‘steady-as-she goes’ strategy towards transport is delivering a recipe for a city in decline. “Developers are starting to see that bike share options can add value to residents”
Above
Above
E-bikes are the highest selling electric vehicles on the market, with 35 million bought in 2016 alone
The bikes have a range of 50 kilometres on a single charge and speeds of up to 25km/h
Beijing’s Bluegogo wants to put 99c share bikes on Sydney streets
Beijing’s Bluegogo wants to put 99c share bikes on Sydney streets
K IR ST Y N EEDHAM
K IR ST Y N EEDHAM
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One of China’s hottest tech start-ups wants to bring the next frontier
One of China’s hottest tech start-ups wants to bring the next frontier
of the digital sharing economy to Sydney: bicycles.
of the digital sharing economy to Sydney: bicycles.
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Beijing-based Bluegogo has pitched its business case to the City of
Beijing-based Bluegogo has pitched its business case to the City of
Sydney, and wants to launch an app service that would cost users 99
Sydney, and wants to launch an app service that would cost users 99
cents to hire a bike for 30 minutes..
cents to hire a bike for 30 minutes..
“Bluegogo is well funded and will require zero tax dollars to launch
“Bluegogo is well funded and will require zero tax dollars to launch
and operate in Sydney,”
and operate in Sydney,”
Above
Above
Photo of the founder of Bluegogo
The bikes have a range of 50 kilometres on a single charge and speeds of up to 25km/h
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2. Unlock
1. Choose your Bike
3. Ride
4. Reture & Lock
Enter your code into the lockbox to access the u-lock key
Enter the bikes number into the app to get your code
Assember and place the U-lock into the holster or basket and you are off
Lock your bike to the bike share station, end your ride on the app and close the lock box
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Smart Bikes Vs Smart Docks SOCI A L BICYCLES
— Social Bicycles places all the locking technology on the bike itself, creating a ‘smart-bike’ that locks to regular racks. This diminishes infrastructure costs significantly and eliminates the single point of failure caused by conventional kiosks. Kiosks are optional with the Social Bicycles system, further reducing costs and increasing flexibility in deployment.
THE QUESTION How can a sustainable transit hub in circular quay help cultivate a new era of self propelled transit in Sydney?
R ESEA RCH QU EST ION
— 50 50
Thus far I have explored the current state of personal transit in
frequent sub 5 km trips so many Sydney residents undertake in their
Sydney with a particular emphasis on cycling. It is clear to me that
motor vehicle. This will be compounded with other new cycleways I
with the projected population increase Sydney is going to experience
have already identified.
over the next few decades something must be done to help manage this new mega population of daily commuters. I propose to design a transit hub at the location of the APDG site
I will attempt to maintain some form of ground plain experience with
this project will embody my thoughts on cycling in the city, density,
the connection of other buildings around the APDG site. This will
vertical movement and the individual experience.
be expressed at height also with plans to connect these new buildings
To achieve this I will look at the implementation of an electric bike scheme that is much more freely available than many of the other options available. The next element will be the design around new separated cycleway down the length of George street. It will run in conjunction with the new light rail project and help manage those
Right Artist impression of the Light Rail depot at Circular Quay
together to help facilitate user experience and vertical movement.
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EXISTING CONTEXT
Master Planning. 52 52
CI RC U LA R QUAY
— On the immediate right is a city scale site plan of the existing conditions with a focus on the current and projected plans for transport. This includes Train, Light Rail, Bus, Bicycle Ferry and the Proposed high speed Metro.
Right Existing Conditions 1:15000
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1
AHD buildings
1:15000
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Right Existing Conditions 1:5000
ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE
Master Planning. 56 56
CI RC U LA R QUAY
— The UN recently release a report regarding the need for more of the worlds population should be walking and cycling as their main method for transport as it reduces green house emissions and is good for their health consequently.
Right Existing Conditions axonometric render
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Alfred Street Section 1:5000
George Street Section 1:5000
PLANNED INFRASTRUCTURE
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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Identified in the dark blue are some of the new separated cycleways which I identified during my analysis of the Google maps.
Right Proposed Cycleways 1:15000
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GEORGE STREET CYCLEWAY
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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— One of the issues that I have noticed is that the widths of George Street vs Swanston Street are quite different. This could raise some issues down the track but i think it is manageable considering there is room for a well parked car a bicycle and tram on either side of Swanston Street .
Left Google Street View images of George Street and Swanston Street comparing widths
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SITE ORGANISATION
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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—
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Identified here are the current site conditions at a simpler scale and format to help with the analysis and planning of the future master plan.
Below has the addition of the LEP massing and associated heights. these forms are very simplistic with a simple offset generating the
110 185
form.
238 110 110 248
200
55 55 155
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Right Existing Conditions and LEP massing 1:5000
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FORM FINDING
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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In the images on the Left the beginning of a master plan layout is
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being formed with a rearranging of lane ways and building forms creating new blocks to work with.
The massing above is a less ambition example of the sites potential do go tall and dense of the ideas of Vivian in the Sydney 2050 plan.
This is still early stages as the final forms are far from being confirmed.
Left Potential massing A and B - 1:5000
MASSING
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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—
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A more detailed analysis of the LEP massing in section, plan and axonometric.
110 185 238 110 110 248
200
55 55 155
Above Site plan 1:5000 - LEP
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Street Elevation -Street1:5000 1:5000 1 1 AlfredAlfred Alfred Street1:5000 2 2
3 3Dalley Dalley St Pitt Street Elevation -1:5000 1:5000 PittPitt Street Street 1:5000
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yred Street 1:5000 4 George George Street 1:5000 Street Elevation - Pitt 1:5000 Street1:5000 2 Street
1:5000 3
Dalley Street 1:5000
Dalley Street Elevation - 1:5000
4 LEP Massing
George
MASSING
Master Planning. CI RC U LA R QUAY
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—
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A more detailed analysis of my first iteration of massing in section, plan and axonometric. This is a more ambitious example with towers going up to 200 m.
Site plan 1:5000 Mid rise dense massing - Option B
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1
1Alfred Alfred Alfred Street1:5000 Street1:5000 2 2 Street Elevation - 1:5000
3 Dalley 3 Dalle Str Pitt Street Pitt Street 1:5000 1:5000 Pitt Street Elevation - 1:5000
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Street 1:5000 4 George Street 1:5000 red Street1:5000 2 Pitt Street George Street Elevation - 1:5000
1:5000 3
Dalley Street 1:5000
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Dalley Street Elevation - 1:5000 Mid rise dense massing - Option B
George
REFLECTION
Feedback ASSESSMENT 2
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The feedback received from the second assessment was very similar to the personal criticism I would have given my self upon presenting. I felt like my master planing was rushed and that it only consisted of block massing and was not really taking into account all my in depth research
I think I ended up spending too much time doing the research when I should really have been putting pen to paper and drawing my thoughts. I think perhaps I was to critical of the idea of a ramps in the building and that when in fact having them at a lower height is much more feasible.
Right Received feedback
Feedback - Great to see someone’s passion (Cycling) articulated into a potential research proposal. The
research around the cycle culture and the use of technologies to harness data is really impressive
and the conclusions were logical and insightful, but struggled to be relevant when looking at the specifics of the site.
- The presentation was clear and well thought out, clearly presented.
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- Given the site could be a key point of convergence of all of these people on bikes and public transport, start telling us a story about how a commuter might experience and or use this integrated cycle/ transit hub?
- A greater insight into the narratives around potential users and their modes of movement
needs to be developed a ‘ journey storyboard’ that helps describe or clarify the spatial and user experiences and opportunities the hub might provide.
- Beyond this, the broader question about how the ‘taller’ part of the master plan feeds into this
narrative needs to be addressed. How is the transit / cycle hub narrative relevant and applicable with a high rise program?
MASTER PLAN & INITIAL DESIGN
Cycling in Sydney has not always been the scary place many who choose not to ride say it is. In fact before the widening of roads and narrowing of shoulders Sydney was not all that bad compared to Melbourne.
OPPOSIT E
Tamarama Marine Drive 7 am. Known as the most instagram’d road in Sydney by cyclists. Image captured by Bob Barrett
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Stills from video riding through site
FUNCTION
Brief PROGR A M M E
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—
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This brings me to a more detailed idea of what I want to include in my building these are ideas I did not manage to cover in the previous part of the book. These include how I intend to fill the lower sections of my buildings and how they interact with the city at its ground plane.
The next stage is to look at what would be above this lower ground plane. I touched on it while covering the Philip Vivian 2050 plan on how a mix of commercial and residential would be key when tackling a site that is in all aspects of the term a transit hub.
Right Diagrams explaining how I intend to draw people up the building with new public open space.
VERTICAL TRANSPORT VS APPEAL OF LOCATION VERTICAL TRANSPORT VS APPEAL OF LOCATION
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GSEducationalVersion GSEducationalVersion
EXPLORATION
Ramps MOV E M E N T
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— The next stage was how I intended to move these new users up the building once space above was allocated. There is a road up Mt Dandenong in Victoria commonly known as 1:20 because of its average grade . I have ridden this road many times while living in Melbourne and felt that instead of using a grade that is extreme like 1:5 like that of car park grading 1:20 is much more manageable and can be easily ridden up with little effort. Over the next few pages I present the plans and sections that go along with these diagrams. They show in more detail where these ramps were placed around the site and how they would interact with the planned massing. .
Right Diagrams showing the different ramp exploration.
sherEngine 0.0.100.100
20m
2.86°
1m 20m
2.86°
1m 20m
?m 15 m
?m
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15 m
15 m
1
GSEducationalVersion
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Ramps Version 1 MOV E M E N T
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—
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Upon deeper thought about how I wanted to respond to the current site conditions I started looking at ramps as a way of moving people up the lower levels of a tower. From personal experience I have found that slopes exceeding a 1:20 ratio begins to be unpleasant and I would imagine end up rarely being used.
Considerations also began in terms of breaking up the lots on the APDG site. This was thought to help generate new corridors though site which would facilitate the some times difficult to navigate city grid. Placing these new laneways in would also help break up the large site and help generate forms for potential towers. .
Right First iteration with low level ramps
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Site plan 1:1000
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Ramps Version 11 MOV E M E N T
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— This iteration changed direction with the ramp being centralised and having the ability to interact with all the buildings on the ADPG site. This was and early stage where form was still being dictated by the current sizes of the city blocks .
Right Second iteration with low level ramps
GSPublisherEngine 0.0.100.100
81
81
Site plan 1:1000
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Ramps Version MOV E M E N T
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— This iteration had a more of a fluid circle ramp the radius was a little small I think and was limiting the idea of a ramp to only low level access. I also experimented with breaking up the sites into smaller areas.
Right Third iteration with low level ramps
83 83
Site plan 1:1000
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Ramps Version 1v MOV E M E N T
—
84
This is a more refined version of the previous iteration where sky bridges began to form an
84
important part of the buildings typology. More thought had also been put into the master planning part of the project. This planning revolved around the building massing analysing the size of the George street tower and how reducing its mass can help with overshadowing on the park during the winter months at lunch time.
1
GSPublisherEngine 0.0.100.100
Right and Above Fourth iteration with low level ramps
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GSPublisherEngine 0.0.100.100
Longitudinal Section 1:1000
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Cross Section 1:1000
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Ramps Version v 88 88
MOV E M E N T
—
Right and Above Fith iteration with low, mid and high level ramps
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90 90
Longitudinal Section 2 1:1000
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Cross Section 1:1000
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Sectional Axo
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SITE MOVES
Manifesto MOV E M E N T
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—
94
These diagrams show the key changes to the site and how they were developed. These include lane way activation and widening, site massing.
Right Slab massing and ramp diagrams
EXISTING CONDITIONS Existing Conditions
GSEducationalVersion
LANE WAY ACTIVATION Lane Way Activation
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GSEducationalVersion
95
GSEducationalVersion
PROGRAM ALOCATION
EXISTING BUILT FORM
Program Allocation
Existing Built Form GSEducationalVersion
PRIMARY AVENUE BROADENED Primary Avenue Broadened
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GSEducationalVersion
BLOCK SIZEAppropriating APPROPRIATING Block Size
GSEducationalVersion
96
MASSING SELECTED
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION EXPLORED
Massing Selected GSEducationalVersion
Vertical Transportation Explored GSEducationalVersion
BICYCLE NETWORK EXPANDED Bicycle Network Expanded
LIGHTRAIL Pathway PATHWAY Lightrail
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
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COMMUNAL GREEN SPACE ALLOCATION
Communal Green Space Allocation GSEducationalVersion
Massing Selected
Combined
Ramps Rotate
Introduction of articulation
Levels Identified
Combined
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SITE MOVES
Manifesto MOV E M E N T
—
99
These diagrams show how the ramp dictates the levels and how I
99
came to the form selected.
Office floor plates added
Ramps slim down to aid with shading offices Left Slab massing and ramp diagrams
SITE MOVES
Manifesto MOV E M E N T
100
—
100
These diagrams show how the ramp dictates the levels and how I came to the form selected.
Right Slab massing and ramp diagrams
101 101
MASTER PLAN
Site Response MOV E M E N T
102 102
— This is the final iteration of my masterplan showing all aspects presented in my initial manifesto. Identified in the green dotted lines are the new safe cycling routes which all intersect at the site.
Right Site Plan 1:1000
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Cross Section 1:1000
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Longitudinal Section 1:1000
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Cross Section 2 1:1000
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Longitudinal Section 2 1:1000
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REFLECTION
Feedback ASSESSMENT 3 SEMESTER 1
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— The feedback received from the third assessment was very similar to the personal criticism I would have given my self upon presenting. I felt like my master planing was rushed and that it only consisted of the curved forms with a ramp wrapping around it.
I think I ended up spending too much time making the building look presentable rather than spending time on the actual layout of the buildings floor plates and what it would be like to be in those spaces.
Right Received feedback
Feedback - A valuable research question which addresses the brief (a hybrid of transit and density) in a unique and challenging way, but also links to something you have a clear passion for – cycling. This should form dramatic and challenging architecture - The work is supported by some reasonable research, but precedent in particular should be explored much more. - The booklet is well presented, in a professional graphical style - The masterplan has evolved, but it still feels too much like three curvilinear towers plonked on the site with a ramp wrapped around. I would encourage you to look at the ideas of ‘ramp’ and ‘tower’ more rigorously to see how these moves can better integrate the buildings into the surrounding context. How do the forms respond to streetscape? Do you need some low‐rise or podium buildings? - The density also seems very high in the masterplan, with towers extremely close together – perhaps remove the back two towers and focus on the front three as your masterplan? - At the building‐scale the project seems like it has been over‐sanitised – it needs to embrace speed, dynamics and movement more. Look at the work of Zaha Hadid, the Gugenheim Museum and more. Celebrate and push the radical ideas you have. - Also think about how the ‘ramp’ can inform the façade. Obviously you don’t want to cycle up the whole building, so what does the ramp become (balconies, solar shading???) - You’ve not developed the concept of the ‘cycling hub’ yet. How are bicycles parked? What programmes go in the hub? Can people charge their e‐bikes (from PV panels integrated into the building). What is the atmosphere of the space? What are the narratives? - Think more about the sustainability of the project – and response to environment - The perspectives of laneways show promise in terms of activation from raised cycle‐ways
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PROGRESSION
Post Feedback F LOOR PLAT E S
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—
116
Semester two began with a slight redesign, I began looking into how the ramps can reflect on the activity within the building. The following drawings reflect the experimentation.
Right Site Plan 1:500
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Axonometric Section NTS
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Longitudinal Section 1:500 GSEducationalVersion
REVISED PROPOSAL
Assessment 1 Semester 2 GROU N D F LOOR M A ST
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— For the first assessment this semester I began figuring out the activities that would be undertaken on the ground floor. This included a cafe and Rapha retail store on the western side with the upper floors lobby on the east. It was great to get an idea on the environment that this building could create. Changers also included a relocation of the core and a super escalator that scaled to the mid level retail all the way up to the retail sky garden. Most importantly was that on the 3rd and 4th floors the ramp would be the floor plate. I think this was one of the defining moments of the project.
Right Site Plan 1:500
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PROGRESSION
Assessment 1 Semester 2 R A MPING INT ER NAL FLOOR S
122 122
— On the right is the plan of level where the super escalator stopped off at before continuing up to the sky garden. This level also shows the way the 1st and 2nd floors had level changes corresponding to the ramp running around the outside.
Right Typical retail Plan 1:500
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Longitudinal Cross Section 1:500
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Axonometric Context Section 1:1000
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REFLECTION
Assessment 1 Semester 2 F E E DBACK
— For this assessment I knew I had some holes in the layout and was not 100% convinced of the
131
exact layout as I again spent too much time figuring out all the levels of the floors and how
131
they worked with the ramp. Another issue was the lack of focus on the masterplanning of the site.
Right Typical retail Plan 1:500
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Assessment 2 Semester 2 R EDEF I N I NG LAYOU T
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The theme in this assessment focused on the inclusion of the ramp that rapped around the building to dictate the floor plates and the levels they were located.
Right Ground floor Plan (Pitt Street) 1:500
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Assessment 2 Semester 2 R EDEF I N I NG LAYOU T
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Here is begins to become evident how I planned to escort cyclists on to the site from the new George street cycle way. Also noticeable is the focus on end of journey services such as bike storage, showers and change rooms. Over the next few pages the work on forming the layout for the office section of the building is explored. The layout is mimicked by the lower levels staggered ramping arrangement. I think this is quite successful and creates a nice vertical village environment which I think is key to my ideal user demographic. Moving on from that is the introduction of the shading and light shelf system used on the office levels. This was developed by thinning the base ramp and duplicating it. At the correct heights the goal is the lower shade would allow bouncing light deep into the building while in summer shading the users from heavy sun loads.
Right First Floor Plan 1:500
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Village Spacing Diagram
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Office Village Floor Plan A 1:500
Village Layout Diagram
Office Village Floor Plan B 1:500
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Office Village Floor Plan C 1:500
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WINTER SUN
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Office Bay Light shelf detail 1:100(above)
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SUMMER SUN EQUINOX WINTER SUN
Office Bay Diagram 1:200
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Retail Bay detail 1:100
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Cross Section 1:500
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Longitudinal Section 1:500
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Structural Layout Diagram
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Ramp Outrigger Structure Diagram
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Ramp and slabs diagram
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Whole Level Ramp Strucutre
REFLECTION
Assessment 2 Semester 2 F E E DBACK
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— I recived some very encoraging feedback from the one and only Philip Vivian who I have Referenced in this very book. He loved the idea and was very excited to see where it could go. Having it, as he put it “easily buildable” but also an interesting topic was a great combination that is rarely perfected. Other feedback which is in need of attention which is materiality, I had always imagined this building as a glass and concrete frame with the ramps being clad in aluminium to help add some colour which I admit is needed.
Right Received Feedback
Feedback - “A great idea!� - We need to celebrate the experiences the spaces and the ramp more! Internal perspectives could +should be more provocative
- Colour + materiality? what is the colour of the ramp ? what is the material of the ramp + sofit - Shading on the north makes sense but what about east and west? fins + experience - cycle parking how can we do this vertically (in the void ) - Strengthen the spiraling nature of the spiraling winter gardens in the architectural language of the building
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CYCLE HUB LOCATIONS
PARRAMATTA
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OLYMPIC PARK
MANLY
MOSMAN
NORTH SYDNEY
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CIRCULAR QUAY
155
BONDI
CENTENIAL PARK SYDNEY PARK
HEAT MAP ANALYSIS Kent Street C Y C L E WA Y
— Kent Street is a great route for cyclist
heading north and south through the
city but there are problems which are
that the path terminates on to a narrow footpath which I see as quite dangerous. The other issue is that the lights are set
up that you will stop at every single one of them.
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KEN STREET
York Street O N E WA Y H E A D I N G S O U T H
— This road is very treacherous especially
YORK STREET
on a peak hour morning. The bus lane
makes it particularly difficult to navigate.
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Clarence Street O N E WA Y H E A D I N G N O R T H
— Similar to York Street just the other
direction. Very bumpy and no bike lane.
CLARENCE STREET
FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL
Assessment 3 Semester 2 T H E CYCLE H U B
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—
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The final adjustments came in many small ways, they included updating the master plan and making it clear how the hierarchy works between bicycles, pedestrians and cars.
Right Ground floor Plan (Pitt/George Street overlay) 1:500
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FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL
Assessment 3 Semester 2 160 160
T H E CYCLE H U B
— The updates continue through the mid level retail levels showing where and how users would experience the spaces.
Right First Floor & Third Floor 1:500
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FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL
Assessment 3 Semester 2 T H E CYCLE H U B
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—
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Small changes were mate to the office levels, these included shuffling around the furniture, updating the lines and stair connections.
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FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL
Assessment 3 Semester 2 164 164
T H E CYCLE H U B
— The Following are diagrams regarding the Systems that run the building and some design principles that should help it perform better.
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Above Plant room locations & movement
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Above Lifting diagram
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Above Atrium stack ventilation
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MODEL PHOTOGRAPHS
Images 194 194
T H E CYCLE H U B
— The following pages are for the modles that I have build over the course of the year.
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REFERENCES
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··
Accessed: 21/04/2017
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Sydney bike share
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https://sensibletransport.org.au/project/sydney-bike-share-feasibility-study/
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Australian density http://architectureau.com/articles/australian-cities-among-the-largest-and-least-densely-settled-in-the-world/
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Sydney harbour bridge cycling study
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https://sensibletransport.org.au/project/sydney-harbour-bridge-active-transport-corridor-study/
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The Shard
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http://www.archdaily.com/66089/londons-tallest-tower-renzo-piano/4-160
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http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/b2b/publications/sydneys-cycling-future-web.pdf
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Essays on syndey
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http://sydneycultureessays.org.au/essays
·· ·· ··
Accessed: 26/04/2017
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Connecting King street cycle way
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Bike parking at amsterdam station - 4000 spots
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https://www.bicyclenetwork.com.au/general/policy-and-campaigns/4794/?utm_source=NSW-Membership-2017&utm_medium=Paid_social&utm_campaign=Sales&utm_content=Sydney-KingSt
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http://nltimes.nl/2017/03/01/new-bicycle-parking-planned-amsterdam-cs-hold-4000-bikes
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Melbourne Cycling timelapse
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Accessed: 27/04/2017
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http://www.smh.com.au/video/video-news/video-victoria-news/ where-are-the-peak-cycling-routes-in-melbourne-20170209-4qd9f. html
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Tall timber buildings
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http://www.archdaily.com/796649/the-tallest-timber-tower-yetperkins-plus-wills-concept-proposal-for-river-beech-tower
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Cycling statistics “Australian cyclist numbers and population”
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http://www.cycle-helmets.com/cycling-1985-2015.html
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Roads and Maritime has permanent bicycle counters at selected locations around the Sydney metropolitan area.
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http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/roads/bicycles/statistics/index.html
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Cycling policy
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https://australian-cyclists-party.org.au/the-facts/
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Transport - cycling future sydney
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Tall timber tower in UK - 300m
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https://www.plparchitecture.com/oakwood-timber-tower.html
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Precedent - Medibank
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http://www.archdaily.com/769154/mediabank-hassell
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http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/detail/medibankplace-720-bourke-street
·· ··
NIghtingale concept
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http://www.thefifthestate.com.au/articles/radical-apartments-after-the-commons-the-nightingale-keeps-ruffling-feathers/72333
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http://nightingalehousing.org/model/
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http://www.sixdegrees.com.au/5r_nightingale
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Accessed: 05/05/2017
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Methods of city transport http://profile.id.com.au/sydney/travel-to-work
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Sydney - Public Space Public Life 2007
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https://issuu.com/gehlarchitects/docs/issuu_516_sydney_pspl2007
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Skyscraper Research
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http://www.archdaily.com/category/skyscrapers
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High-Rise Schools
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“From these high-rise campuses will emerge city-savvy students with more of an understanding of the business world and the opportunities the built up environment provides.”
·· ··
Compared with Melbourne
http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-27/high-rise-schools-andtheir-place-in-australia/8477060
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http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/parking-and-transport/cycling/ Pages/cycling-data.aspx
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Problems for cycling
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Accessed: 28/04/2017
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Melbourne Cycling data
https://cyclingtips.com/2016/04/what-impact-have-the-new-cycling-laws-had-in-new-south-wales/
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http://cities.human.co/details/Australia/Melbourne#
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·· ··
https://cyclingtips.com/2014/03/trying-to-make-sense-of-the-sydney-cycling-crash/
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Sydney cycling data
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http://cities.human.co/details/Australia/Sydney
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Accessed: 08/05/2017
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$80 million for cycling infrastructure
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http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/nsw-budget-2016-80-million-for-cycling-infrastructure-20160620-gpnhdl.html
·· ··
Movement data
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http://cities.human.co/
·· ··
Sydney 2050: vision by philip vivian
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http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/philip-vivian-s-sydney-2050-vision-isn-t-just-abou
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http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/2432-sydney2050-a-sustainable-city-vision-for-greater-height-public-benefittall-building-resurgence.pdf
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http://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/urbanideas/may2014/BatesSmart.pdf
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http://architectureau.com/articles/2017-ctbuh-international-conference/
·· ··
Opinion: Sydney Hates cyclists
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http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/motoring/ sydney-needs-to-put-less-focus-on-fining-cyclists-and-more-effort-into-creating-infrastructure/news-story/b89ccc7b9c4412f9ca63829678e85f7c
·· ··
Opinion: fewer people cycling in sydney
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https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/nov/22/fewer-people-are-cycling-in-sydney-the-nsw-government-must-bepleased
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Global outlook on walking and cycling
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https://www.fiafoundation.org/blog/2016/october/unep-launchesglobal-outlook-report-on-walking-and-cycling
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Inner Sydney Regional Bicycle Network
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http://cdn.sydneycycleways.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/AECOM_ReportApril2010-web.pdf
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Accessed: 09/05/2017
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Road map for the future of transport in Sydney’s east highlights need for bicycle superhighways
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http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/wentworth-courier/ road-map-for-the-future-of-transport-in-sydneys-east-highlightsneed-for-bicycle-superhighways/news-story/a134862e8465ee6c1 80281e49d983e05
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Wheels in motion for separated cycleway along Moore Park Rd to link up to Bondi Junction
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http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/wentworth-courier/ wheels-in-motion-for-separated-cycleway-along-moore-park-rd-tolink-up-to-bondi-junction/news-story/7f238b9a590a88559f5dbd28e6e8f5b1
·· ··
Breaking down a crash in sydney
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https://cyclingtips.com/2014/03/trying-to-make-sense-of-the-sydney-cycling-crash/
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Accessed: 11/05/2017
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Pro Cyclist killed in italy
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http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-22/cyclist-scarponi-killed-inroad-accident-while-training/8464300
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Pro ultra distance cyclist killed
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http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/champion-cyclist-mike-hallkilled-in-accident-during-indian-pacific-wheel-race-20170330-gvaj79.html
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Chris Froome in Accident
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https://twitter.com/chrisfroome
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Melbourne Bike Share
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http://www.melbournebikeshare.com.au/
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E-Bikes in Australia
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http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/opinion/head-of-bikesa-christian-haag-says-the-ebike-electricassisted-bicycle-isthe-future-of-urban-transport/news-story/5a84572733c7c45e640e0a4f7039e6d7
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Canberra apartments first to get residential e-bike scheme
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http://www.thefifthestate.com.au/innovation/residential-2/canberra-apartments-first-to-get-residential-e-bike-scheme/91031
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Smart Sharebikes
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http://help.socialbicycles.com/hc/en-us/articles/200731149-SmartBikes-vs-Smart-Docks
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Light Rail render
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http://data.sydneylightrail.transport.nsw.gov.au/s3fs-public/CORRSLR-ASP-MI0-000-CORR-000309-circular%20quay%2001. jpg?xdoa5KiC2brwXyLW9O5OzEwrkso8YAyH
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Accessed: 14/05/2017
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The endless tower - ramped tower
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https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/01/endless-city-by-sure-architecture-conceptual-skyscraper-london/
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http://www.sure-architecture.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=14&id=21
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CYCLE STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE
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Cladding thoughts - fluidity
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http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0007/257929/160621_PDC_ITEM05.pdf
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https://www.dezeen.com/2008/04/29/five-franklin-place-by-unstu-
With out a doubt the most full on years of my life but it is finally complete. A massive thanks go out to my two wonderful tutors; Phil and Ivan, both of which were massive inf luences on me and my work, they were always a great source of information and always happy to give me a nudge in the right direction. Also thanks to my amazing girlfriend Ali her constant support can’t go unrecognised. Finally Mum and Dad I wouldn’t be here with out you. Thanks you all!