CHEONGGYECHEONG RESTORATION
Presented by: Ankita Parimanik
REVIVE RESTORE ALIZE REVIT
01. INTRODUCTION TO CHEONGGYECHEON STREAM
02. BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
ACHIEVEMENTS
03. NEED FOR RESTORATION 07. SUMMARY 04. PLANNING
01
INTRODUCTION
TO CHEONGGYECHEON STREAM
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Cheonggyecheon is an 10.84 km stream flowing west to east through downtown Seoul, and then meeting Jungnangcheon, which connects to the Han River and empties into the Yellow Sea.
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Cheonggyecheon Stream is a 6 km-long stream that flows westward from the heart of Seoul. The project restored approximately 5.8 km of the stream.
Length and Scope: A 6 km restored stream corridor spanning 5.8 kilometers, with a total landscaped area of 276,650 square meters, including green spaces, pedestrian paths, and cultural zones, and with 22 bridges.
Timeline: The restoration was planned and executed over a two-year period, starting in July 2003 and concluding in October 2005.
Total Budget: Approximately $ 386 million.
Cheonggyecheon river, Total Catchment area: 61 km2, Length: 13.7 km, and Width: 20~85 m
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
PURPOSE:
• To signal a transfer to sustainable urban development paradigm
• To promote the recovery of eco-friendliness
• To remove risks related to the concrete covering and elevated highway
• To aid the restoration of historical and cultural spaces
• To aid the restoration of historical and cultural spaces
To achieve these purposes, three objectives were specifically targeted:
Restoration of a natural environment and enhancement of the quality of life
• Restoration of history and culture
• Revitalisation of the economy
Flood management was a further key component of the restoration, with particular emphasis on its being able to respond to “increasing incidences of flooding and the frequent torrential showers during summer; hence the city built embankments that can withstand a 200-year-level extreme flood
The essence of the restoration program was “space creation BY CREATIVE
DESTRUCTION
/ RE-CREATION” – a place where the city’s residents could enjoy the ‘liveliness of a friendly Seoul
BACKKGROUND & OVERVIEW: CHEONGGYECHEON
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
WHERE ?
Old city of seoul
Seoul Downtown area- CBD
Yeouido Business District
Central Business District
Gangnam Business District
Source: mk.co.kr/news/premium/
The map depicts the appearance of the 1890 seoul city wall between Bukhansan
and Namsan.
DOWNTOWN SEOUL
Source: google earth image
CHEONGGYECHEON
HAN RIVER
Lowest elevation
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
& TIMELINE
HISTORY OF CHEONGGYECHEON STREAM
Natural stream: During the Joseon Dynasty, Cheonggyecheon Stream in Seoul, South Korea, was a vital water source and part of the city’s landscape and daily life. It served as a primary water source, preventing flooding during the monsoon season. The stream was also a gathering place for people to gather, interact, and hold communal activities. It was believed to symbolize purity and vitality, making it a fitting location for rituals aimed at securing health, fertility, and prosperity.
Degradation: Rapid urbanization & slum development, industralization caused pollution during 20th cenyury lead to the degradation of the stream.
Post-Korean War Urbanization led to increased waste, pollution, and unregulated development along the stream.
• This lead to formation of shantytowns along the stream and further led to increasing the risk of disease, epidemics, unhealthy living and polluted the stream.
• Industralization and inadequate infrastructure led to a drastic decline in water quality, turning the once-clear stream into a polluted channel.
Covering:
• In the 1950s and 60s, Seoul planners covered Cheonggyecheon with concrete to hide a deteriorating stream that has turned into a sewer line.
• while constructing a ten-lane road and an elevated four-lane highway in the 1960s, symbolizing progress but further degrading the environment.
• In 1960s, a 10-lane road was constructed above covered cheonggyecheon stream and above that due to traffic congestion a further 4-lane elevated highway was constructed.
Restoration:
• The Seoul Metropolitan Government plans to restore Cheonggyecheon’s elevated highway due to safety concerns since the 1990s. The highway’s deteriorating structure necessitated substantial maintenance and repair costs, of 93 billion won over three years.
• In 2000s, a big paradign shift occurs from efficient city to ecological city and the restoration of the stream began with a idea of creative destruction or creative recreation of public space.
REGENERATION BY CREATIVE
Change in Atmosphere of
DRAINAGE
• Natural stream
• Flood prevention (dredge)
SEWAGE ROAD
• Urban sanitation
• 1967-76 Elevated highway
• Cover & road construction
• 1990600th anniversary establishment of as capital. Namsan park rehabilita tion project (1991)
DESTRUCTION RE-CREATION OF PUBLIC SPACE
Seoul Cheonggyecheon recreation plan in earnest
Demolition & Recreation
RESTORATION
• 2000Downtown management plan
Paradigm shift: efficient city to ecological city
anniversary of the of seoul
rehabilita(1991)
• 2004Downtown development plan
• 2003Cheonggyecheon restoration project
Urban regeneration & development
WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
• 2005Cheonggyecheon Opening
• 2010New urban plan
• 2014Cheonggyecheon Eco Stream restoration plan
03 WHY? NEED OF REGENERATION
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
DEGRADATION OF DOWNTOWN
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY CHANGES
STRUCTURAL PROBLEM & SAFETY
DECAY OF DOWNTOWN
• Pop. decreased by 52%- 620,000 to 300,000
• Floor area change to 790 ha in 1985 to 797 ha in 1995 - while Seoul total floor area increased by 81.5% from 13747 ha ro 24969 ha.
Low income houses rose to 35% - i.e. 2.5 times the average of Seoul.
• Population shift, about 48% of people migrating to different localities were in their 20s or 30s.youth loss.
No. of enterprises declines by 24.1% while Seoul rose by 24.6%.
No. of workers decreased by 54.3%.
• Business shares fell from 18.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2000.
• Average travel speed decrease: 30.8 km/hr in 1980 > 13.6 km/hr in 2004
• Increasing socio-economic congestion cost: over KWR 7 TRILLION in 2007 (5X of 1991)
• Seoul’s Population (blue line): The overall population of Seoul increased steadily from around 7 million in 1975, peaked at about 10.5 million in the early 1990s, and then slightly declined, stabilizing near 10 million by 2010.
• Downtown Population (red line): The downtown area’s population, in contrast, decreased over this period, starting at just over 900,000 in 1975 and steadily declining to around 200,000 by 2010.
Structural degradation over time.
• Safety issues due to corrosion of the steel frame, cracks in the upper slab, and worn-out concrete beams.
Limited traffic intake of Expressway due to unstable support at foundation.
• Maintenance cost sky rocketed due to aging infrastructure restoration.
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
NEED OF REGENERATION SAFETY
• Fundamental solution to safety problem related to Cheonggye Expressway and covering road (re-building express highway was scheduled in 2001).
CULTURE
• Recovery of Seoul’s 600-year-old historical and cultural importance as capital
• The restoration of cultural relics in Cheonggyecheon, including Gwanggyo and Supyogyo, is a key step towards reviving traditional cultures like the Supyogyo tread and lotus lantern festival, reestablishing Seoul’s history and cultural identity, and serving as a representative cultural tour resource.
• Creation of nature and human-centered environment-friendly city space.
• Provide for citizens’ clear river and relaxation space by restoring Cheonggyecheon as a natural stream with brilliant sunshine and clean air, as well as establishing the surrounding area as an ecological park.
• Induction to revitalization of downtown area’s underdeveloped area
• Inducement to reorganize the industrial structure around the underdeveloped Cheonggyecheon area and invigorate the depressed downtown economy due to the lagging development for some 50 years since independence.
PLANNING : INTEREST, GOVERNANCE, PRIORITY & MANAGEMENT
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
• Densely populated area
• Surrounding areas deteriorated
• Dried stream as Natural water circulation is cut-off
• Various interest groups
VARIOUS “INTEREST
”
GROUPS & LEADERSHIP
4-Lane Expressway
PLANNING : INTEREST, GOVERNANCE , PRIORITY & MANAGEMENT
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
“ TRIPLE IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM ”
PUBLIC ORIENTED
• RESTORATION PRINCIPLES
• COLLECT PUBLIC OPINIONS
• PUBLIC RELATIONS
PROJECT ORIENTED
• PROJECT PLANNING
• PROJECT EXECUTION
• COOPERATION WITH INTEREST GROUPS
CHEONGGYECHEON RESTORATION PROJECT
RESEARCH ORIENTED
• POLICY
• SURVEY
• FEASIBILITY
4.1.1 PLANNING
: INTEREST, GOVERNANCE, PRIORITY & MANAGEMENT
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Outcome of Triple Implementation System
Heritage Restoration:
A Case of Gwangtongyo
Source: Seoul metropolitan govt, 2006 Gwantongyo Bridge:
• Dimesnion: 12m-long, 16m-wide Was under the covered road in early 2000s
Restoration to its Original location: Alternative way to Restoration but not in Original location
• Discharge area insufficient (flood risk)
• Additional modification necessary due to too short bridge posts for flood prevention
• Maintenance of original shape difficult due to exposure to sunlight, vibration from vehicles, air pollution, and flood risk
• Namdaemunno inevitably needed to be cut by half (from 8 to 4 lanes)
• Location altered to use as a pedestrian bridge
• Original shape preserved with partial modification
• Flood risk avoidable by discharge area design
• No need to halve Namdaemunno lanes
• Restoration in the original shape and location would be possible in a better condition in the future
4.1.2 PLANNING
: INTEREST, GOVERNANCE,
PRIORITY & MANAGEMENT
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Priority of Restoration
Ecological spaces “Flood Control”
Historical spaces
Cultural spaces
Sustainability
Environmental friendly
• There is a noticeable peak in rainfall during July and August across all periods, indicating a strong monsoon season.
52.0% increase in overall rainfall, 34.5% increase in summer (June to September) rainfall, and 15.3% decrease in winter and spring (October to May) rainfall.
Monthly rainfall
Rainfall in 10 years
4.1.3
PLANNING : INTEREST, GOVER-
NANCE, PRIORITY & MANAGEMENT
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
PROJECT
Cheonggyecheon Restoration (Seoul, South Korea)
High Line Park (New York City, USA)
Big Dig (Boston, USA)
Sanjicheon Stream Restoration (Jeju, South Korea)
05 CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Key Issues in Engineering & Design:
• Stream scale
• Types of waterfront
• Allocation of space
• Time-span in historical restoration
• Water supply
• Measures for highly-contaminated initial rainfall
• Separating and connection
• Water-friendliness and safety
Flood Control
Governing
Cross
Gradient
Allocation of Space
Ecological space ? a space for humans ? Human
Ecological aspect
5.1
RAINFALL & SEWAGE PROBLEM
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Design Criteria:
• Combined sewer system for rainfall and wastewater
• Capacity : 3 times of estimated wastewater
5.2
WATER SUPPLY ISSUE
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
Cheonggyecheon’s Water Supply
Challenge:
• Dry stream nature necessitates water supply.
• Underground water from subway lines insufficient.
• Solution:
• Pump clean water from Han River to upstream section.
• Improved water quality by reducing pollution.
• Temporarily reduced river volume, maintaining overall water level.
CONSTRUCTION & RESTORATION
STEPS:
OUTPUT: Cross Section of Restored Stream
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
CONSTRUCTION & PLANNING: MASTER
PLAN AND DESIGN VISION
RESTORATION STEPS
1. Demilition Plan
2. Water Supply Plan
3. River Plan
4. Sewage Improvement Plan
5. Section Plan
6. Bridge Plan
7. Adjacent Road Plan
8. Landscape Plan
9. Heritage Restoration
Initial Mapping of the site
Dongdaemun-gu
Seongdong-gu
Jung-gu
Jongno-gu
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
5.4.1 DEMOLITION PLAN
Restoration Work in Downtown Seoul:
• Demolition of 5.4 km long, ten-lane covered road and 5.7 km long, four-lane elevated road.
• Focus on reducing noise and dust during demolition and transporting materials while minimizing street inconvenience.
Diamond wire saws used for large structures, wheel saws and/or crushers for slabs and auxiliary structures.
• Structures severed to maximum sizes to reduce transportation.
• Large trailers used for dismantling materials to waste disposal facilities.
The structures weighed 907,000 ton, containing 79,000 ton of concrete, 82,000 ton of asphalt concrete, and 35,000 ton of steel.
• 96% of concrete and asphalt concrete recycled for road construction.
• Three elevated bridge piers remained in the down stream to preserve Korean modern history.
Step 1.
Step 3.
Step 2.
Step 4.
Source: Seoul metropolitan govt, 2006
Source: Seoul metropolitan govt, 2006
WATER SUPPLY PLAN
Supply and Usage:
• Daily supply of 120,000 tons of water was established to maintain an average depth of 40 cm and a flow speed of 0.25 m/sec.
• 100,000 tons of Han
• River water which is about 15 km away from the downstream of Cheong Gye Cheon and 20,000 tons of groundwater from taking from subway tunnels were supplied daily. 57% of water (68,180 tons) released at Cheonggye Plaza. Remaining water flows through four fountains and waterfalls along the stream.
Flood and Sewer Management:
• Four existing sewer boxes exposed at restoration’s start allow small amounts of wastewater flow in dry weather. During floods, these culverts handle additional floodwater.
Water loss prevention:
• The upper reaches of a stream have coarse sands, making it vulnerable to water permeation and loss. To address this, design guidelines allowed up to 3% water loss. Clay mats were installed in the stream bed and cut-off walls, approximately 10 meters deep and 50 cm thick, were installed using high pressure square-shaped jet grouting on both sides of the water way.
RIVER PLAN
Design Criteria:
• Satisfy with the 2nd grade local river standard.
• Secure flood section for the next 200 years frequency rainfall.
Flood Water Level:
The three main intersections on the Cheonggyecheon Stream restoration map are:
1. Gwanghwamun Intersection - Located near the beginning of the stream, close to the Gwanghwamun Gate and Sejong-ro.
2. Cheonggye 7-ga Intersection - This is a central point along the stream, near the popular Gwangjang Market.
3. Dongdaemun Intersection - Located near the Dongdaemun area, an iconic shopping and historical district in Seoul.
Flood Water Level Sectional Diagram:
• 200-Year High Water Level (HWL) - The highest possible water level predicted for extreme flood events that occur once every 200 years.
• 50-Year High Water Level (HWL) - An intermediate flood level forecasted for events occurring once every 50 years.
• Average High Water Level (HWL) - The typical high water level under normal conditions.
5.4.4 SEWAGE IMPROVEMENT PLAN
Design Criteria:
• Combined sewer system for rainfall and wastewater
• Capacity : 3 times of estimated wastewater
Urbanization and road pavement have increased flood risks due to reduced rain absorption. Hydrological analysis and small scale model tests showed that the flow section couldn’t be reduced for a design flood, so the stream’s original width was maintained and a deeper stream bed formed. Covering structures were maintained to allow spaces below for flow and roads on them.
Construction Efforts:
• Reinforcement of existing structures and foundations.
• Building embankment walls as slope walls between the road and stream.
Total reinforcement area: 21,858 m² on both stream sides.
• Micro piles (200 mm diameter) added to foundations to increase bearing capacity.
• Upper slab areas reinforced with carbon fiber strips; lower areas with carbon rods.
Reinforcement and underpinning details of retained parts of road deck
LEGENDS
a. Overflow weir to collect
b. Intercepting sewer
c. Sewer for excessive overflow
d. Weir wall to separate excess overflow
e. Waterway to discharge
A typical cross section of restored Cheonggyecheon in the downstream
Combined sewer system to collect sewer and highly contaminated initial rain water (upstream section)
5.4.5 SECTION PLAN
Beginning Location:
Phase 1: Beginning area moogyo-dong
Beginning area Samil
Beginning area Gosanza
Ending Location:
Gosanja-ro Finishing area:
5.4.6 BRIDGE PLAN
Design Criteria:
• Historical significance of seoul and redevelopment concept, regional symbol as artistic landmark. Minimize flow resistance
Number of bridges : 22
Access point to stream:
Bridges :
Bridges nomenclature :
1. Mojeongyo
2. Gwangtonggyo
3. Gwanggyo
4. Jangtonggyo
5. Samilgyo
6. Supyogyo
7. Gwansugyo
8. Seungyo
9. Baeogaedari
10. Saebyeokdari
11. Majeongyo
12. Naraegyo
13. Beodeuldari
Staircase Slope way
• Constructed 22 bridges, including vehicle and pedestrian bridges, at existing intersections and crossings.
Bridges span 20 to 100 m and range in width from 26 to 59 m.
• Bridges vary in size and type, with wider pedestrian bridges near popular areas and narrower crossings in less-trafficked sections.
• Vehicle bridges’ width is greater than their length, making it difficult to emphasize structural aesthetics.
• Landscaping provides an uninterrupted tract of green space covering 276, 650 m2 along 5.8 km of the stream.
• Landscape design aims to balance exploitation and ecology, with natural elements stressed while respecting citizen opinions.
• Northern side of the stream is a promenade for citizens, southern terrace highlights ecology.
• Landscape planning considers scouting force during floods and hardens roads with cement.
14. Ogansugyo
15. Malgeunnaedari
16. Dasangyo
17. Yeongdogyo
18. Hwangghakgyo
19. Biudanggyo
20. Muhakgyo
21. Sumuldari
22. Gosanjagyo
Supyogyo Bridge
Hwangghakgyo Bridge
Mojeongyo Bridge
Yeongdogyo Bridge
5.4.7 5.4.8
ADJACENT ROAD PLAN
Design Criteria:
• Allowing 2 lanes per each side of restored riverbank to allow easy access to the stream
Designate Parking Area for business in crowed areas
• Adhere to road design standard (speed : 60 km/hr, R = 240 m)
• Allow pedestrian convenience for latter development of area
LANDSCAPE PLAN
Design Criteria:
• Gradual transformation from urban landscape to one incorporating nature Section A : Bridge treading, Supyoseok (water gauge)
• Section B Ecological area, Rest Area, Deck, Stepping stones
• Section C : Deck, Larger ecological parkland, Direct interactive with nature
Cheonggyecheon plaza Stone
Traces of Past
Willow marsh
5.4.9
HERITAGE RESTORATION
RESTORATION OF GWANGGYO BRIDGE RESTORATION OF SUPYOGYO BRIDGE RESTORATION OF OGANSUMUN WATERGATE
• Gwangtonggyo, located over Cheonggyecheon stream in Seoul, was the largest bridge in the area during the Joseon Dynasty and connected significant city roads.
• Originally connecting parts of Jongno-gu and Jung-gu, It was relocated 150m upstream to avoid traffic during restoration. It is mostly pedestrian now.
Measuring 12.3m in length and 14.4m in width, Gwangtonggyo is made of granite.
• The restored Cheonggyecheon Stream was widened, a sidewalk was added to the south of Gwangtonggyo Bridge, modeled after Jeongneung stone figures, and the bridge’s bottom is paved with stones.
• Supyogyo, a historical bridge in Seoul, was designed for crossing and monitoring flood levels. Originally situated between Gwansu-dong and Supyo-dong, it was moved to Jangchungdan Park in 1958 due to construction on Cheonggyecheon, it is now located in Jung-gu, Seoul.
• It is 27.6m long, 7.5m wide, and 3.4m high at its highest spot. The water gauge has been designated as Treasure No. 838.
• In 2005, the Seoul Metropolitan Government canceled the Supyo Bridge’s relocation from Jangchungdan Park to its original location due to its inability to fit the new Cheonggye Stream, instead building a temporary check bridge of timber/ wood named Supyogyo in its original location.
• Located in Seoul between Jongno-gu and Jung-gu, connecting Yulgok-ro and Jangchungdan-ro.
Originally part of Hanyangdoseong Fortress, served as a water gate for Cheonggyecheon Stream. Constructed around 1396, Initially had three water gates, later expanded to five due to flooding in 1421.
Removed in 1961 due to Cheonggye Stream Covering Work, later rebuilt as part of Cheonggyecheon restoration in the 2000s.
• Removed in 1961 due to Cheonggye Stream Covering Work, later rebuilt as part of Cheonggyecheon restoration in the 2000s but due to traffic issues, the old Ogansumun couldn’t be restored, so the current Ogansu Bridge was built. Instead, a replica of Ogansumun was installed on the northern side Ogansu Bridge.
Original bridge, winter, 1953
Pictures of original Ogansumun Watergate from an exhibition under Ogansu bridge
Original bridge, summer, 1953
Check Bridge Supyogyo
Addition of south side walk
Original bridge in Jangchungdan Park
Replica of Ogansumun Watergate
12.3M Original bridge
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGY:
REDUCTION IN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
INCREASE IN SPECIES AFTER RESTORATION
6.2 creation of: PUBLIC PLACE
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.3 CULTURAL ASSESSTS & GREEN NETWORKS
Gyeonhuigung history museum
Seoul museum of art
Bukchon cultural belt
Jongmyo shrine, chandeokgugn palace, changyeongung palace, secret garden
Jangchung cultural belt
Namchon cultural belt Gwangyo checkpoint bridge
Jeongdong cultural belt
Myeongdong Hanok village
Cheonggye Cultural belt
Donhwamun-gil cultural belt
Namdaemun
Bulcon
Cheonjgjin -dong
Joseon shrine Insadong
Daehakro cultuteal belt
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.4 CHANGE IN PEDESTRIAN VOLUME
WEEKDAYS:
SUNDAYS:
Changes in current days:
• Opening on February 15, this 1,655-meter bicycle lane network will connect the city center to the CheonggycheonJeongnuengcheon junction and the Han River.
• The city government has outlined plans to significantly enhance the bicycle lane network throughout the city center, aiming to extend its reach from the current 1,336km to 1,483km by 2026.
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.5 PUBLIC-PRIVATE COMPETITIVE COLLABORA-
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.6 REVITALIZING OLD DOWNTOWN
Physical changes in buildings near the cheonggyecheon and their locations for 10years after the rostoration, 2003-12
Changes in development patterns near the cheonggyecheon after the project completion
6.7 GROWITH OF DOWNTOWN
1. Open space in front of CheonggyecheonMaintenance project led by private and public sectors
Entire maintenance of open space
2. Improvement of streets in Mugyodong-gilConnects Jongno, Cheonggyecheon, and City Hall plaza
Road pavement and improvement of roadside facilities
3. Builds Dadong Park (1,200 pyeong)
4. Drives redevelopment project in Dadong areaMaintains the functions of business, hotel, and convention
5. Parking lot- Utilizes public cultural uses
6. Forms corner cut-off- Builds a crosswalk
7. Builds a park in the neighbor JonggakBuilds downtown attractions connecting Jonggak and Cheonggyecheon
Builds a park after buying private sites surrounding Namdaemun
8. Readjustment of redevelopment business district
9. Preserves Gwangtonggwan- Applies the technique of preservation and redevelopment
10. Marks waterway of Samgakcheon
Review restoring Samgakcheon in the long term
11. Adjusts corner cut-off- Builds a crosswalk
12. Drives a project that improves the streets of residents-led stores-
Signboard maintenance
Expansion of streets free from cars, improvement of street environment
13. Revitalizes streets along Cheonggyecheon
14. Builds rest space near Cheonggyecheon
15. Promotes redevelopment project in Samgakdong-
Encourages integrated development of 5/8 district
Entire maintenance of open space
2. Improvement of streets in Mugyodong-gilConnects Jongno, Cheonggyecheon, and City Hall plaza
Road pavement and improvement of roadside facilities
3. Builds Dadong Park (1,200 pyeong)
4. Drives redevelopment project in Dadong areaMaintains the functions of business, hotel, and convention
5. Parking lot- Utilizes public cultural uses
6. Forms corner cut-off- Builds a crosswalk
7. Builds a park in the neighbor JonggakBuilds downtown attractions connecting Jonggak and Cheonggyecheon
Builds a park after buying private sites surrounding Namdaemun
8. Readjustment of redevelopment business district
9. Preserves Gwangtonggwan- Applies the technique of preservation and redevelopment
10. Marks waterway of Samgakcheon
Review restoring Samgakcheon in the long term
11. Adjusts corner cut-off- Builds a crosswalk
12. Drives a project that improves the streets of residents-led stores-
Signboard maintenance
Expansion of streets free from cars, improvement of street environment
13. Revitalizes streets along Cheonggyecheon
14. Builds rest space near Cheonggyecheon
15. Promotes redevelopment project in Samgak-dongEncourages integrated development of 5/8 district
16. Drives private-public partnership project in Cheonggyecheon
Maintenance of open space on the sidewalk
Maintenance of under-utilized building space
17. Encourages renewal led by the private sector Souvenir shops + maintenance of traditional urban structure
Resources for inducing voluntary renewal of the private sector
Ease regulations on building-to-land ratio and road/parking lot
18. Maintenance of PimatgilDesignation of a building line and alleviates building-to-land ratio
19. Builds fire-fighting roads (6m)
20. Repairs streets in Supyogyo-gil
21. Revitalizes streets along Cheonggyecheon
Retail/Food and drinks/souvenirs/coffee shops/ tourism, etc.
22. Builds commercial roads along Cheonggyecheon
Retail/Food and drinks/souvenirs/coffee shops, etc.
Builds street wall along Cheonggyecheon in redevelopment area and induces street revitalization
23. Induces the urban residential function in Janggyo redevelopment district
24. Improves walking environment in Donhwamun-gil
25. Reviews designation of redevelopment areas
Entire existing industry in the case of temporary movement; general redevelopment
Part of existing industry in the case of gradual movement: redevelopment of Subok
26. Secures open space along Cheonggyecheon
27. Builds green network
28. Builds a pedestrian plaza
29. Integrated redevelopment
8. Readjustment of redevelopment business district
9. Preserves Gwangtonggwan- Applies the technique of preservation and redevelopment
10. Marks waterway of Samgakcheon
Review restoring Samgakcheon in the long term
11. Adjusts corner cut-off- Builds a crosswalk
12. Drives a project that improves the streets of residents-led stores-
Signboard maintenance
Expansion of streets free from cars, improvement of street environment
13. Revitalizes streets along Cheonggyecheon
14. Builds rest space near Cheonggyecheon
15. Promotes redevelopment project in Samgak-dongEncourages integrated development of 5/8 district
16. Drives private-public partnership project in Cheonggyecheon
Maintenance of open space on the sidewalk Maintenance of under-utilized building space
17. Encourages renewal led by the private sector Souvenir shops + maintenance of traditional urban structure
Resources for inducing voluntary renewal of the private sector
Ease regulations on building-to-land ratio and road/ parking lot
18. Maintenance of Pimatgil-
Designation of a building line and alleviates building-toland ratio
19. Builds fire-fighting roads (6m)
20. Repairs streets in Supyogyo-gil
21. Revitalizes streets along Cheonggyecheon Retail/Food and drinks/souvenirs/coffee shops/tourism, etc.
22. Builds commercial roads along Cheonggyecheon Retail/Food and drinks/souvenirs/coffee shops, etc. Builds street wall along Cheonggyecheon in redevelopment area and induces street revitalization
23. Induces the urban residential function in Janggyo redevelopment district
24. Improves walking environment in Donhwamun-gil
25. Reviews designation of redevelopment areas
Entire existing industry in the case of temporary movement; general redevelopment Part of existing industry in the case of gradual movement: redevelopment of Subok
26. Secures open space along Cheonggyecheon
27. Builds green network
28. Builds a pedestrian plaza
29. Integrated redevelopment
30. Adjusts corner cut-off, Builds a crossroads plaza
31. Expands market improvement projectRevitalizes markets for clothes, silk goods, and linen Builds arcade/rest facilities/information center/toilet
32. Introduces street-friendly uses on the streets of CheonggyecheonSupports the readaptation of the riverside clothing-material industry
33. Adjusts corner cut-off on Euljiro streets
34. Adjusts corner cut-off, Forms a crossroads square
35. Secures open streets and improves traffic system
36. Assimilates the influences of Seun arcade and Cheonggyecheon, Gradually adjusts and develops while maintaining existing industrial functions
37. Transforms the downtown (Meokjagolmok) into a tourist attraction
38. Arranges Gwangjang Market 12 doors and side streets
39. Drives a project to improve the market environment
40. Maintains and reinforces riverside industriesTowels, hats, clothes, bags, and clothing materials
41. Sites of Pyounghwa MarketCollectivization in some sites of U.S. engineer groups
42. Supports voluntary renewal
43. Maintains and reinforces the characteristics of bookstores in Daehaekcheon
44. Sites of engineer groupRiverside park/event, complex cultural space
45. Sites of Hullyeonwon ParkIntegrates with the sites of engineer group, builds juvenile culture center
Utilizes Hullyeonwon Park as a development site when necessary
Entire existing industry in the case of temporary movement; general redevelopment
Part of existing industry in the case of gradual movement: redevelopment of Subok
26. Secures open space along Cheonggyecheon
27. Builds green network
28. Builds a pedestrian plaza
29. Integrated redevelopment
30. Adjusts corner cut-off, Builds a crossroads plaza
31. Expands market improvement project-
Revitalizes markets for clothes, silk goods, and linen
Builds arcade/rest facilities/information center/toilet
32. Introduces street-friendly uses on the streets of Cheonggyecheon-
Supports the readaptation of the riverside clothing-material industry
33. Adjusts corner cut-off on Euljiro streets
34. Adjusts corner cut-off, Forms a crossroads square
35. Secures open streets and improves traffic system
36. Assimilates the influences of Seun arcade and Cheonggyecheon, Gradually adjusts and develops while maintaining existing industrial functions
37. Transforms the downtown (Meokjagolmok) into a tourist attraction
38. Arranges Gwangjang Market 12 doors and side streets
39. Drives a project to improve the market environment
40. Maintains and reinforces riverside industriesTowels, hats, clothes, bags, and clothing materials
41. Sites of Pyounghwa Market-
Collectivization in some sites of U.S. engineer groups
42. Supports voluntary renewal
43. Maintains and reinforces the characteristics of bookstores in Daehaekcheon
44. Sites of engineer groupRiverside park/event, complex cultural space
45. Sites of Hullyeonwon Park-
Integrates with the sites of engineer group, builds juvenile culture center
Utilizes Hullyeonwon Park as a development site when necessary
46. Builds parking lot/rest place for citizens
Core place connecting Mt. Naksan, Dongdaemun, and Cheonggyecheon
47. Builds an open space on the earth
Builds commercial streets that connect Dongdaemun Fashion Town and sites of engineer group
48. National Medical Center sites-
Meets the needs of Jung-gu Office: Civic Center
49. Park development in Dongdaemun neighborhood
Builds right-handed lane and improves roadway pavement
Restores neighborhood castles
50. Review the redevelopment of decrepit streets
51. Stationery & toys alley-
Reinforces existing functions
Improves logistics movement/loading system
52. Implements the project of improving the traditional shoes market-
Improves decrepit facilities and safety facilities
Improves an arcade
53. Reviews a redevelopment plan when moving Dongdaemun shoes shop and stationery & toy shopReviews Cheonggyecheon-tailored redevelopment project when moving Dongdaemun shoes shop
54. Utilizes the sites of mobile police regiment
55. Improves the walking environment along Heunginmun-ro
56. Sites of Dongdaemun StadiumMulti-purpose open space
Marking the location of castle and partial restoration
ACHIEVEMENTS: WHAT HAPPENED AFTER RESTORATION?
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
6.9 TRANSPORATIONAL GROWTH 6.8 ECONOMY SHIFTS
07
SUMMARY: THE FRAGMENTS OF A VITAL MEMORY
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
• Imaginative Vision: Paradigm shift
• Efficient city to Ecological city
• Pro-active planning
• Connetions between long term vision and short term actions
• Leadership & Governance
• Tri-party organization
• Technological capability
• SIGNIFICANCE: Cheonggyecheon’s transformation represents a successful balance of urban development and ecological restoration.
• FINAL THOUGHTS: The project exemplifies how modern cities can restore and integrate natural spaces, contributing to residents’ quality of life, preserving cultural heritage and boost economy.
References
• Seoul research data service- https://data.si.re.kr/node/190
• https://www.gorgeousunknown.com/cheonggyecheon-stream-walkway-complete-guide-to-seouls-hidden-oasis/
• Seoul solutions- https://www.seoulsolution.kr/en/content/seoul-urban-regeneration-cheonggyecheon-restoration-and-downtown-revitalization
• https://data.si.re.kr/node/202
• Global design cities initiatives- https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-design-guide/streets/special-conditions/elevated-structure-removal/ case-study-cheonggyecheon-seoul-korea/
• Harvard university- cheonggyecheon restoration project - https://udcsa.gsd.harvard.edu/projects/9
• https://www.seoulsolution.kr/sites/default/files/policy/%5BEN%5DCheong%20 Gye%20Cheon%20Restoration%20Project.pdf
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264837723002089https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106742
• Seoul solutions- https://www.seoulsolution.kr/en/content/seoul-urban-regeneration-cheonggyecheon-restoration-and-downtown-revitalization
• https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB7972.pdf
• Lee, T.S. (2004). “Buried Treasure; Cheong Gye Cheon Restoration Project”, Civil Engineering, the Magazine of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.74, No.1, 31-41
• Seoul Metropoiltan Government (2004). “Back to a Future”
• Shin, J.H. and Lee D.S. (2003), “Cheong Gye Cheon Project, Demolition & Project Management”, Civil Engineering, the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, The Magazine of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.51, No. 10, 66-69.
• Landscape perfomance series - https://www.landscapeperformance.org/casestudy-briefs/cheonggyecheon-stream-restoration-project
• Embassy of republic of korea to norway- https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/no-en/ brd/m_21237/view.do?seq=125
• Urban regeneration and gentrification: Land use impacts of the Cheonggye Stream Restoration Project on the Seoul’s central business district - https://doi. org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.12.004
• Noh, S., 2006. “Cheonggyecheon Restoration In Seoul” Presentation at Minato Water Meeting, Tokyo, Japan - https://www.restreets.org/case-studies/cheonggye-cheon-stream-restoration
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cheong-gye-cheon-restoration-project/35163844
• Seoul metropolitan govt.- https://english.seoul.go.kr/cheonggyecheon-stream-3/
• https://cheonggyecheonrestorationproject.blogspot.com/p/site-history.html
• K-developidia- https://www.kdevelopedia.org/Development-Topics/themes/--13
• Urban nature atlas- https://una.city/nbs/seoul/cheonggyecheon-stream-restoration-project
• USE- Urban Sustaonablity Exchange- https://use.metropolis.org/case-studies/ seoul-urban-renewal-cheonggyecheon-stream-restoration
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rio-cheoggyeecheon-coreiadosulsoohongnoh/4084810#64
• https://globaldesigningcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/GDCI_Webinar-Series-1_Prof-Noh_Cheonggyecheon-Restoration-Project_Seoul.pdf
• https://globaldesigningcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/GDCI_Webinar-Series-1_Prof-Noh_Cheonggyecheon-Restoration-Project_Seoul.pdf
• How Do Mega Projects Alter the City to Be More Sustainable? Spatial Changes Following the Seoul Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project in South Korea - https://doi. org/10.3390/su8111178
• Seoul polivy archive- seoul solutions - https://seoulsolution.kr/zh-hans/content/%E6% B8%85%E6%BA%AA%E5%B7%9D%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%8A%E4%B8%A D%E5%BF%83%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%8D%E8%8B%8F%E9%A1%B9%E7% 9B%AE
• Seoul polivy archive- seoul solutions - Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration and Central City Revitalization Project
• https://udcsa.gsd.harvard.edu/projects/9
• DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/143/1/012068 - Sustainable Strategies for the Dynamic Equilibrium of the Urban Stream, Cheonggyecheon
• https://www.kdevelopedia.org/Development-Topics/themes/--13#:~:text=The%20restoration%20of%20the%20old,1410%20during%20the%20Joseon%20Dynasty.
• Korea heritage service- Historic Sites of Cheonggyecheon Stream, Seoul (Gwangtonggyo Bridge, Supyogyo Bridge, and Ogansumun Watergate Site) - https:// english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=13&ccebAsno=04610000&sCcebCtcd=11&pageIndex=43®ion=&canAsset=&ccebPcd1=&searchWrd=&startNum=&endNum=&stCcebAsdt=&enCcebAsdt=&canceled=&ccebKdcd=13&ccebCtcd=
• namuwiki - https://en.namu.wiki/w/%EC%88%98%ED%91%9C%EA%B5%90
• Seoul solutions - https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/7475
• Myounggu Kang, Ph.D. Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Seoul Former Director-General of International Urban Development Collaboration, Seoul Metropolitan Government mkangcity@gmail.com - Smart and sustainable city case of urban transformation of seoul myounggu kang - https://www.slideshare. net/slideshow/smart-and-sustainable-city-case-of-urban-transformation-of-seoulmyounggu-kang/52325642
• Discovering korea - https://discoveringkorea.com/the-cheonggyecheon-museum-in-seoul/
• https://www.mk.co.kr/news/premium/10875043
• mikyoung kim design - https://myk-d.com/projects/cheonggyecheon-urban-renewal/
• https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/7475
THANK YOU :)