The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 38 by An Phoblacht

·T HE

EDITED BY Vol. 2.

No. 38

EOI ~ .

MAC. N·EILL.

.SATURDAY, AUGUST,. 28, 1915.

(New Series).

Price One Penny.

The que ·tion of maintaining an effecti,-e and the confide nce repo,ed in them by their organi ·ation to stre ngthen the pos ition of the fel low-countrymen.. T ime is on their side, and Irish P arliamenta ry P a rty was discussed al the if time all o1rs the whole youth of [rela nd to convention, and on thi s point the "J ri sh Daily be t rained and prepared for Nationa l defence T he ncce:;sity fo r a :;trong and df.cienl Independent" came in fo r its share of the ant.i - and imLmed with the ::; pirit of 1\'at ion;1l liberty , Volunteer organisation is now admitted un all criticisni. The posit i•.;n of the J ri sh. Volunteers National unity, and :\ation;tl :;trength , whu hands . The Nation .looks to every Voli.mtecr in thi s matter is clear and lkcidcd . They ba1·e will comp lain of the temporary amt· futil e and more especially t0 every Volunteer officer never proposed to trespass on the prOJXT s p h ~ re provoca tions of Mr. Birrell a nd bi:; ·ubordito keep working for strength and efficiency . of the Iri sh P arty o r to put tbemse h·cs forn·ard nates? Some men ha 1·e to suffer from fhese The Nat ion's need forces certain qu es tions to as a p a rt y organi sation . Last year, when the attacks, but who ever heard of an a rmy that l.Je repeRtedly a keel. i,\buut every corps of Irish demand was made tha t they - should Le p roposed to wrn ,·ictories without suffering Volunteers. Wbat. ·i~ being done to ge t eYery ' ii1corporated in the pa rty fo;·ces . under the wound:; ? * * * man in your corps suitably armed ? Is eYe ry sont rol of Mr. RedmomJ·, the obvious rep ly o f if they had bee n party men, The B ishop uf izaphoe·s letter ma de a timely the Volun teers, man getting trained to shoot or to use hi :; to the coming war taxation. In di,reference wou ld have been : "If \re bccume a party bayonet or his pike ? I s every man ge tting the sation, w~ :; hall ·demand the ful l powers c u s~ i n g the taxalile capacity of Ireland , orgaJ1i special training required for I r ish Volun teer:; acc0rdcd to uthe r party o·rga n isations-- attent\on in the pa st has been directed ma inly ~o that they will l.Je ~ Lile to make the most o f especia ll y the power to take part in conventions to the rela ti,·e capacity of Ireland to bear the defen:;ive fea tures of the coun try ? I s and in the selection of repre entati1·es, " :rnd taxes , in compari son with Great Britain. In eYery office r applying hi mind to a study of coul d not baYe been denied them, making this compari son, Irish local taxation these power the countr y from the point of vi ew of national wi th the res ult that the Voltinteers 1rntil d h;11·c has usuall y been ignored, though it is p lain defence ? Are officers and men using their uppor tuni ties for field practice iu the tactics of become the dominant f actor .in politi cs, and that , when we are d iscussing the relative faxattack and ·defence ? Is p ractice main tained in politics would baYe l.Jecorne the dumina nt f actor able capacity of two countries , the entire body of taxes, local a ~ we ll as central, must be rec0111101tn ng, scouting, cr0:;s-country . mu,·e- in the Vulunleers. taken into account. If the findi ng of the 1893 * * * mcnts, the use of cycle corps and cycle detachCommi The King\ Couut y election might h ~L,·e ssi0n , of which Mr. R edmond was a ments ? Js systemati c and con:;taut communication practised and mainta.ine<.l between each tempted the V0lunteers lo interfere , if they member, i, correct, that Ireland':; taxa tion corps and the various corps in its neighbourhood were ope n to temp tation. The recen·t Dublin should not exceed one-twentieth of Great ur other corps a t a distance ? I s there pe riodical electio n did not tempt them. The T ipperary Britain's, it is clear that any such frnding inspection of arms ? Are the officers who a re e lection dicl not temp t them. The impend ing would be worthless unl ess .i t took account of responsil.ile fo r maintaining affiliation and com- Harbour Division election in Dublin wil l not the heavy local taxation uf 1.reland, made munication with Headquarters performing that tempt them. Th y haYe no des ire to interfere heavy by the . destructive effecb of the Union. i t the domain of elec tions, and they are no But even apart from the question of loca l du ty? less resolved not to be interfered with in their taxation, the' taxable capacity of I reland cannot * * * own business. They have given abundant be de termined by any comparison with Great Last week's com·ention a t Lette rkenny ma1·ks proof that they can be trusted to look after ·Britain. There is an absolute limit to Ireland's a distinct impro~e m ent in the Iri sh polit ica l the ir own business and to recogni:e their taxable capacity, and all taxat ion in excess of situation. The letter from the Bishop of responsibility to the Nation - and they ha' e th at limit is destructive lo Ire larn..l's prosperity. R aphoe to the corn·ention was a noteworth y made gOod notwithstanding tbe enormous * * * "Like any other peop le difficult ies. surrounding them and the shameless pronouncement. Beyond doubt, the pre~ent taxation uf worthy of freedom ," wrote bis Lordshi p, "we hostility of Dublin Castle. The recent attacks I reland is already fa r in exce s of that limit. have, under God, to depend in the main on of the Castle have resulted in doubling the rf the imposition of one-twef1tietb , or oneourselves, the justice of our cause , our unity organising energ y of the Irish Volunteers. fort ietb, or any other fraction of the Imperial and strength ." "Any weakness in Ireland at budget means an y increase in Irish taxation, ·* * * the end of the war would be a menace to our In all this extraordina1:y situation, there bas it mea11s the stra ngling of Irish enterpr ise, Jhe country's freedom and a loss to all her been no more gratifying arid assurin g feature check ing of Iri sh- '.(leveloprb.ent , - 3-nJ a: w nin terests:"- " -Now the r ower of taxation comes than the discipline ·ahd :self-r{isfrain t of a -large tinuation of .the depopulation_ a·nd J ecay: that suddenly forward in a ·most important develop- and . p urely voluntary : organisation . of armed are the result:s of .the Union. It will invoh e ment under the Ac.t. itself. " A self- reliant men, in vie ~v · of the scandalous persecution: of : I ioish Union~ sts and Irish Nationalists · in one Ireland,' a u~ited Irel and, a strong -lreland- honou.red and trusted members of: their body. common disaster. Already both have · joined this: 1~ ~hat ~makes free Irelarid, <and : ini the It sh.ow.s .that i:he frish Volunteers und¢rstand:. hands and - succeeded' l.n di featillg a taxation face of such 'a ~nion. of qualities . the: Imperial their own purpose , an'd :will riot :allow their: proposal that was· ·a mere tri fle compared' to legisl ature would find its_ work , . ~s far as policy to 1be thwarted o r d:il-erted by provocative . what may threaten them under ImperiaLivar Ireland)~ ' c01~cerned~ : red:ucep.,to a,cc,~pting and attacks on their line of ' march. -Why · shotild· burden of £ 400,600,doo, l.i.kdy-: to '.last :untli placing on .rocord I_r~land's own measure of they? Every week sees an improvement in mo. t' Qf us ha.ve· fi'i'a de : room -fOi· the . rlext National right and liberty. the ir numbers, th ir training, the.i r armament, genera t i• 1n .

NOTES.

2 -

Satu rday, August THE IRISH VOLUN T EE R. - ···---·---·------ - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

There can l.Je no politi ca l freedom without tinanc ial fr eed9m. Tbe nations of antiq uity bad no delusions on this 'head._ To be free meant to be free from tribute . It was for this freedom tha t the English parliament made war on Charles I. It was for this freedom tha t the ~m e rica n colonies revolted from England.• , Legislative power is of l ittle avail a nd can be made of no a,·ail; if fo1ancial power is withheld. Ii·elanrl iu 1 782 had a much smaller pop ula t ion than at present, ant.I ma,ny of her resuurces were far less de\·eloped . Financial freedom was what mad'e her prosperous. There is not the sl ightest doubt permissible that, with full control of her own economic resources , Ireland will once more become prosperous, perhaps with no less rapid ity than in the years of her independent P arliament . Old men may lil'e to see her far ach·anced in prosperity . But the la st hope of prosperi ty .i n ou~· time will be ruined if Irela nd is subjected to the financial l.Jurdens of thi s war. Is there any reason \\'baboc n~ r for rcr1uiring her to submit to those l.Jurclens) Eorn MAC ::\EILL.

Carrickmore.

i915.

no abatement of H orne Rule was possible that q ua rter to e ight the main k>dy sta rted ou a night march tO \Yards Enniskerry . But Lb<.: did not satisfy the lris11 Voluutee r · Dr. MacCartan, in a brief 'add ress, referred day's work bad been too hard, and the rate of to the meetings of la st summer, when Si r marching became very slow . In the Glen of the D own all prospect of reaching Enn isRog~r Ca eme nt was in Tyrone. The mention of Sir Roger Casement was .received with a kerry ~va al.Jancloned, and a bi\ouac . wa s selected. ,._.The men lay on a pile of road metal loud burst of cheers. In add ition to the Volunteer corps, there wa s which they p ulled down to fit themselves- it a large attendance of .tl'1e publ ic;~f rom Carrick- wa the clryest " \Jed.ding'' in i;each. Tuesday, Aug. ioth. - The infantry ma!'l'hcd more and oLher districts, wl:.o fol lowed the in \'ery leg-wea ry a t 7 a .m. The cyclists a11d I roceedings with grea t enthusiasm. F.ather MacArd le; P.P., Be ragh; Fathe r Rogers, Qua rtermaster were Lhere ahead o f the m, a nd C. C., Carrickmore; Father O'Callaghan, a few tents had l.Jeen p i'tched . Very little the P . P. , K ildress , were among those 'Who men cared whether there were tents there or not. On the command " Fall out,'' each man attended the meeting. simply unslung h is pack and Jay down in the sunshine whe re be stood. Badly-needed sleep figured large ly in this clay's programme, I.Jut Diary of the the camp was in a11 entirely unexcept ional.Jl e Wicklow Training Camp.

(Coutinued.)

Friday, Aug. 6th. -;The early hours of the 111orning \\·ere pen t in marking o ut the camp, p itching tents, and brin g ing all baggage from the ,·illage to the c;amp. After a. breakfast soa1e what later than usual, the e ntire command had a good spell of close order drill on the An Irish Volun teer re,·ie w and p ubli c meet- roads, as the fields we re still too wet . After ing was held in the town of Carrickmore, whi ch dinner, though , it was foun d possil.Jle to is cent ral in T yrone, - on Sunday the 22 nd . rnanceuHe O\'er them. Sat . , Aug. 7th. - Again Yery wet. Most of The fol lo wing corps of Volunteers were present, unde r tbe gene ral d irectiun of Com- the fo renoon was devoted to a lecture and disman da nt MacR ory :-Carrickmore, Tromog, cus ·ion of the style of fighting most suitable In the afternoon exercises in Sixmil ecross, Dunmoyle, Cappagb , Donogh- to Irela nd. mo re, Cloghe r, Dungannon , P omeroy, Kil- attack, defence, a nd placing of outpos ts were carried o ut, the Yarious duties bei ng assigned dress, etc. Tbe cha ir at the meet ing was taken by Re,·. to the senior officers atte nding the ca.mp ;_n Father Short, C.C., Carr ickmore, who laiLl turn. Sun., Aug. 8th. - A fo..:r chur ·b, p reparations particu lar stress on the fact that the organising of Volunteers in Ireland got a place in the were made to move uff. In the afternoon the Cabinet for Sir Edward Ca rson , and imp rison- whole force struck camp and headed for Newment with ha rd labour for Mes TS. Pim, Blythe, ca ·tie, p receded by the cyclists. In all these later pitchings and str.iki ng of camp a grea.t M'Cullough and Mellows. Mr. Eoin Mac::.Je ill , speaking next, said that improvement was necessa ry : the men took the the imprisonment of these men was nothing intervals and distances for the tents accura tely surpris ing, fo r what they bad done was the and a utomat ically, ra n them up and down worst of all crimes in the . eyes of the Brit ish q uickl y, deposited their belongings neatly, dug Go ,·ernme nt , they had worked for the freedom fire pi ts, coll ected fuel, &c., &c . In these re· of IreJan·d . H e d re\\' attention to the perfect spects huge strides had h~en made . Mon., Aug. 9th .:-Th:·s was the day of days. o rder and good feel ing that a nimated the meeting, a nd · said that thi s exp lained the It happened that a blockhouse had been erected presence of a la rge force of police . Mr. on the coast near :\Tewcastle Railway Statio n Birrell refu set.l the Irish police lea,·e to join to protect the cross-channel cable terminus. the British Arm y o n the ground that they were A force of police constituted the garri son . needed to gua rd the coasts of Ireland, and the Finding such an excellent example rea dy to aud ience coul d not help .bein g graLifo:d to find his hand, the C . 0 . marched bis men clown to th is fo rce so efficiently e mployed in guarding it and began to point out rhe use of l.JarLe: d the coa ts of Ca rr ickmore . The speaker was wire , sandbags, &c., l.J iissfully unconscious pleased to see that the Irish Volunteer corps in that he was thereby ent.langering the R ealm. the district were receiving a large number of The sentry on d uty, howe,·er, moved .the sight· recrui ts . H e ach ised them to continue their seers on, and they practised extended order trai ni ng in ewry possible way, a nd to be ad,·ances for a long di ·tance along the seapro1·ided with the arms they required . H e shore, coming back across country, and st udywarned them against the tremendous burden of i ng the different tact.ica 1 aspec ts of the ground. taxes that they were threatened with, and said ~fter dinner there was an exercise in combat that recent eYents pro,·ed Lhat the imposition reconnaissance, and more across-co untry work . of increased taxation on Irelan d ('Oul d l.Je But what crow ned ·everything w·as tbe Quarte rsuccess fu II y resisted . master's announcement on their arrival in camp Father O'D aly, C. C., Clogher, a ldres ·111g that the owner of . the .field ~n. which the camp the meeting, said that Mr. Redmqnd weakened · was pitched had refused to allow it to remain his own position and the position of H ome Rule another night, the only conceivable reason when he undertook - the ·control of the Volun- ·b eing the Defence nf the ·R ealm. But this teers. H e mi ght have resisterl :rny p ress ure trial was wh:1t re:dl y s h:owerl the 111ettle of the frnm :,\Jr. Asqu ith, l.Jy poiuti11g to the Vol un- men. Never 11·as a meal cooked o r tents stru('k teers whom he did not control, and say ing that quicktr nor a camp ~ite 1eft cleaner, and at a

28 th,

condition . ·wednesday, August t 1 th.-Anot ber busy clay. In the morning, clo e order drill a nd Protection a t Rest. In the afternuon a series of ad '"rnced and rearg uard actions- (' ye I is ts against infantry-'.were carrie l out. A considerable ad,·ance in the me n's gri p of these tactics was observal.Jle in compari son with former occas ions. On this e\·ening Mrs. D es mond Fitzgerald was so good as to im·i te the entire contingent to tea, ant.I they spent a ,·ery pleasant e\'eni ng as her guest . Thursday, Aug . rz Lb . - l n tbe forenoon Lhe men were exerci sed in Close Order Drill and Protection o n the l\farch, an d were thoroughly grounded in tbe signals for extension, and more especiall y in the proper manner of gi"ing them to a force under thei r command . Jn th afternoon they were dismissed, being recalled at 7-30 for :\fight Operations . A ~ i ght Attack on the Camp-which had only a skeleton defending force- was carried out -by two sections operating by two distinct routes . The only coordination was by fix ing beforehand the exact hour at \\ bich the assault was to ue delivered. The attack was completely successful, and .impressed all who took part with the extreme value of proper training in such operations. Friday, Aug. t3 th .--The la st day in camp. The forenoon was spent in Close O rder D-ri ll and in a n e xercise in the reconna issa nce of a pa°s ition preparatory to an at tack. The afternoon, which was wet, was partly spent in p utting 0~1 r house in order. In the e\'ening ire held a concert in Mr. Desmond Fitzgerald's house, afte r which took place the presentatio n to the three officers on the camp staff of .-omc very handsome presents from the men attendthe tn inin b" course, which were suitauly !. no· b l.

acknowledged by each . Sa t ., Aug. r4th. - Camp was struck immediately af te r breakfast, a nd the site left a clean as the prol'er bial new pin . The infan try piled themselves on top of the baggage on the motor .lorry, and looked ·forward to a mag nificent joy-ride into H eadquarters . Alas fo r their hopes ! At the Scalp ·arne an accident, and the rest of the journey wa · a forced march to' Clomskeagh, which was completed in time that wa · a testimoni al to the camp training. At noon everyone was in H eadquarte rs again .

Cum.().nn n.(). mb.().11 (Liverpool Branch). Se1t5 to FASTHAM, o n Sunday Next,

Augu st 29th. at 2 p.m .

L eavi ng Land in g Stage

THE IRISH VOLUNTEE~.

Saturday. August 28th, 191 5.

The Importance of t~ Sec t ion in Ireland.

All the fri sh Vo lunteers a re ,·e ry careful sl·tHle nts of the Europea n W ar in the ne wsp<1pc rs. I. ike e,·eryo ne e lse they h1w e become impressed with the gi·eat im portance of numbe rs and of the ability to ha ndl e numbers. Resides , they a ll a re a11·are of '\"apo leon's saying th at "P.ro,· idence is o n the side of the bi " l~atta li on s . "

Al 1 thi s te nds t.o p ut into the ba,ckgr1iun<l so modest a, body o:f troops as a sec tion; a nd yet in fre land it is the section- the Se rgea nt's Comm a nd- that will win or lose battl es . Prart ically the sectio11 would be the ~actical uuit . Once more, the reason 1ies in the nature of the country- as a little thought will show. A firing-line cannot possibly con tain more 1·h:111 o ne man pe r ya rd of front- if it does they ha,·e no room to use their rifl es . The reg ulation st rength of a, Vo lu ntee r Compa ny is three officers a nd roo men. Conseri uently , one company will occupy at leas t ioo yards ;is its section o:f ;i firin g-l ine . (Tt is to he note<i that for the moment we a re not talking abo ut su pports or resen ·es.) Tn other word s, the greate r num ber of Iri sh fi elds woul d be too small to affo rd fighting- room . in the firin g-l ine to a company of Volunteers. If it is decid ed to clep loy the entire company in th firing-line, it will often hare to extend into a nothe r fi eld on e ither fl a nk o r both. ff thi · is do ne it can

bears in mind !he excL·erl ing l.v high sta nda rd f tra ining and elticie ncy of Liuth offit·ers and me n in t hese l'rend1 campa igns, it becomes q uite clea r that the Vo lun teers with the ir lower standard woul d hardly ha1·e any h etter res ul ts . The French found the svste m of wo rkin b" hv , , sections- the ir sect ions num he re.I abo ut 20 men- ve ry profitabl e ; a nrl it is exceedingly probab le tha t ll'e in fa irly s imi lar circumsta nces wou 1cl Fi 11 d the case the same. There is a f urther po in t in th is connec tio n thrit dese n·es ritte nt ion . Pro1·i sion is made in the Volun teer scheme of Organ isat ion fo r the format i0 n of inde pendent section s where <'Ornpa ni es ca nnot he fo rmed. H ere, the n, we ha1·e an add it io nal re rison fo r fo rmin g such small bod ies- for hy recogni sin g the ta ctica l doCtrine that the sectio n is a recogn is cl unit we uri ng the . Organ isa tio n and tacti cal · syste m co mpl etely into l ine with each o ther.

All Kinds .22 A m munit ion. All Boards, T argets. Cleani~1g Rods, Pull Thro~ighs, Oils and all Ri fle Sund ries. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION.

L. KEEGAN,

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GANTER BROS,

Mr. Birrell's Political Victims.

The impri sonment of the Iri sh Volunteer officers, on the ach·ice of a pol ice in spector who ref uses to g i1·e any e,· irlence, is an act of the G01·ernrne nt in sp ite of a ll Ire land . The pe rsons respon sible are the Lo rd Lieutena nt and l\fr. B irre ll, but e. pecially Mr. Birrell. His di ·claimers of res pons ibility, his refu sal to answer Mr . D evl in, dece ives nobody . Mr. Birrell gave the lead by publicly declarin g the Iri sh Vol unteers to be "d isloyal " -the good ol d wo rd, wh ich mea ns loya l to Ireland . It was not Gene ra l F riend who set the detecti1·e nn longe r he rega rded as a sin " le unit comfo rce upon the Voluntee rs or who o rcl·erecl the pletely in ·han d. The Capta in ca n only be in armed exped itions of po lice in Ty rone and at one place a t a give n n{ome nt , ;encl thi s means Athenry. Ge neral Friend did not sicrn the that al l the t ime some fr act ion of his me n \\'ill " Arms Proclama tions of D ecember, r9r 3. The lie out of to uch with him. impri sonment of Iri sh Volunteers for carrying The d ifficult y becomes much gre ater if it is out the pri g in al a nd uncha nged programme of a case of two o r mo re compan ies side by side the Iri b Vol unteers is the act of Dublin Ca stl e. each di vided betwee n firing-line and supports :\ ot one representative vo ice in Ireland has a nd exte nd in g over a few fi elds of frontage . approved of it. The Irish Party has passed a In th is <'ase one captain "·ill be out of touch prirnte resol ution condemning it, a nd has sent \\'ith e ither hi men in the fi rin g-l ine or in supthe resolution p ri,·ately to Mr. Birrell , not to port- and he will often be better pla C'crl to Ge neral Fri end. l\fr. DeY lin ba s p ublicly take contro l of men on hi s right or le ft belongdenoun ced it as " sen ·eless, .. a nd qas writte;., ing to a nother compa ny than the ir 01Yn captain. a publi c protest to :Mr. Birrell, not to General could possibly be . Fri end . Sir E d wa rd Carson has publicly :\ w there is only one rea lly adec1urite · soluarnwed the ri ght of the ::'\ationa lists of Irela nd tion of thi s d ifficul ty : the Tl olzmteers must be to for m a Vo lun teer force; and sioce the rnst wo r!~ed in sections instead of in companies . maj ority of bi s ow n Vo lunteer force ha s not Thi s call s for a high standard among• the heen diYertecl from its orig in al purpose by an y >: .C.o .·s, beca use it throws a ver y hea vy resubsec1uent crisi s, hi s aYowal of ri gh t stands sponsib ili ty o n their shoulde rs. But if proper good . The Iri sh Vo lunteer officers are i1~ measu res a re taken to in struct the l\ .C.O.'s, it prison becau se they put tbe cause of Tri sh shoul d be poss ibl e to have a f~ irly complete rights a nd li berties first and foremosf, a nd suppl y of sui tabl e men. H a few sound p rinbe ause their do ing so is "disl oyal ., in the ciples are prope rly g rasped the intelli gen t eyes of Mr. Birrell . They a re Mr. Bi rrell's sold ier may easily become a good sergeant . In political victims, a nd the D efence of the Realm turn , thi s throws far less of a strain on the Act, as used by Mr. Bi rre ll , is just a revi,·a l co mpany cornmancle rs. Any o rd in ary good of the arbitrar y im p ri sonment of " Suspects " office r ca n m·ersee the 1York of fo ur good whi ch Mr. Forste r, · a forme r pious Libe ral se<'t ion com m:1ncle rs : no officer, no matte r hmr C hief Secre tary, tried and founrl wanting . goo.cl , c·a n pe rson:illy supe rintend 100 men in The prisoners a re pol i tirn l pri soners, and the y :1<'t ion . a re me n of high charn cte r a nd sta inless record . l t is a. mi sta ke to supp0sc that thi s making the sen ion the tarti ca l uni t is some thing G;oups ! Groups ! Groups! entirel y new. The F re nch in the ir Coloni al wars have often fo llowed th is poli cy- in KEOGH BROS., Ltd., Dahome y, &r. They found the company altogether too unwi eldy when the therit re of operLower Dorset Street, Dublin. at ions 11·as densely \\'Ooded; units got broken Phone 2902. up and control was irnposs iblr. '\\o w when Gne

Rifles. Guns. Repairs.

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'Phone 2495.

l ot -Sc ot. n<1. mum<1.n 1

tlmn 6 5Cu<1.11<1.6 1915.

, Ring Irish College.

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PLACE~

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SPLENDID ACCOMMODATION.

Second Session . - Aug. 2nd to 23rd. PROSPECTUS ON APPLICATION TO

p<5.un-0.15 o c-0.ut-0.. RING, DUNGARVAN, CO. WATERFORD.

~UMANN COSA,l'lfTA Insures Irish Volunteers against Victimisation by their Employers. . . . .

W rite for particulars to the Secretary, I. V. Headq uarters, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin.

OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND IRISH KILTS,

Irish Kilts,

Tara Brooches, Sporrans, Balmoral Caps, ~

and all classes of Equipment at

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8 Mary Street, DUBLIN.

rHE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

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All literary communications f.or the " Irish VQ!unteer " should be addressed in future to VOLUNTEER HEADQUARTERS, 2 Dawson ·street, DUBLIN.

All communica..tions re Advertisements to be ad'.iressed to the I Rl~.H

PRE.SS BUREAU, Lower Abbey Street, DUBLIN. SUBSORIPTION.- The f risk Volunteer will be posted free to any address for one year at a cost of 6/6 ; for half a year, 3/3 ; for the quarter, 1/8. Cheques and Postals should be crossed and made payable to the Managc;r, frisk Volunteer. ~30

The-Irish Volunteer SATURDAY, AUGUST 28th, 19·1 6

_S aturday, August 28th,

yo ur boots. These are wha t you march wi hh~ midni ght to explore a ©ertain hedge running just as the othe.rs. a~e what _you fi ght with. . across a field close to the German trench . T he H ave good strong boots, and see th;i t the soles hedge, it was thought, migh t conceal machine ;i re ke pt soli cl : get them fixed, and get ;i, few guns or de fe nsive works. Mak ing their way heavy na il s or proter tors in if the re are any wi th the utmost ca ution across the Tough sig ns of their giYi ng way. K eep them well gro und separating the two trenches the li tt le dosed with ; castor oil to keep them soft. I f band at last reached the hedge. Sudde nly a they get soaked with wet, don't lry them m·e r cough was beard on the other side, and the five a fi re : you'll . be sorry half-way through the immedia tely flun g themselves fi at upon the next march if you do. When they are dry ground and waited. Another cough came in a aga in oil them the first chance you get. Don't few minutes, and then a Gennan head was le t your socks get holed, or they will blister poked through the tw igs. Wi thout a mo me nt's your feet. If necess;iry you shoul d be able to he.·.it;1tion t he officer with the part y shot the m:111 dead on the spot with hi s re\·olver , a nd m:ike a shot ;it rl :i rn ing them yo ur~elf-i t's not ,·c ry ha. rd, unl ess you\·e let them go too fa r. then, regardless of the numbers of the -enemy If you a. re a cyclist, make it a. point that · that mi ght be lying beh in d the shelter of the your machine is always ready for the road . · hedge, ch arged through it, closely foll owed by. See that yo u·r tyres are in good trim and kept hi s fo ur iirivates . Six Germ ans were dliswell p umped up . See that all the beari ngs are. covered. T hree were shot wi thout any trouble , working properly- none of them loose . Above whil e the other three surrendered . . . , . By all ," .-ee that yo ur L.i rakes a re \YO rking . If they th is time , of course, . the enemy ha d become are faulty you may break your neck . T hi :; i:; a.wa re of the struggle going on, and turned on no t 1·ery importa nt: hut you may cause a mis- machine guns in the direction of the noise, hap to the coluinn- -and in th at. case your regard less as to whether they hi t their own men Cornma ncl'i ng Officer should see to it that your or not. In face of the fire the officer had to lea.ve hi s ca.pture a nd cra wl back to hi s ownneck is broken for you. A lways be perfectl y sure that all the straps trench ." and fas te ni ngs of your pack, &c., are soli d Leav ing out of Yiew the cautious ad vance of and strong. If they show any weakness fix the E nglish patrol, the first point to notice is them up at once- " a stitch in time saves nine ." the fact that when it came into action it accomYou ca n't he lp your knapsack, &c. , getting plished a fa irly comp lete success on a small ha rd usage- see tha t it's able to stand it. By sca le, ~md thi s was entirel.y due to the promp t the wa y, it's much better to haYe your knap- and de termined action of the command ing sa.ck , haversack , and water-bottl e dyed the officer in rushing the fence at once when ·h is same colour as your un iform- grey-green, or p resence was discovered. This vigorous course some colour near that. Staring white or yellow took the Germ ans by surprise, and, though in fi xings onl y makes you a handy ta rget for the: infer ior strength , they were q uickly overenemy . whelmed . In all p robability they belieYed the Always keep your blanket and 01·ercoat as E ng li sh to be ·in much greater strength than tidy as you can. If they get wet, dry them at was the case; otherwise the attack would ha.Ye the fi rst possible opportunit y-. If you let your- appea red foolhardy. It simp ly shows what se lf coll apse of cold or exposure you're just as can be done by -boldness and decision . . much out of action as if you were shot. See In the second place, note the p rom p tness of th at all buttons on overcoa t, jacket, and the German coun ter-measures when once the trousers are always securely fas tened on. alarm was giYen . The machine guns were in F ina ll_y, don't be careless of H eadquarters' action right awa.y. P robably the comma nder property, Jike tents, poles, bags, ropes , or the of the machine-gun section reasoned somehow like, just because it does n't belong to yourse lf . thus: "T hey appea r to have rushed us at th is If you are of the right stuff you'll feel prou d point, and perhaps it is a night attack in force. to have all these things in good, efficient cond i- If I tum on the machine-guns at once I stand tion, and looki ng smart a. nd nea t. an excellent chance of repelling them. I may, One last word : K eep · your mess-tin clean, of course, kill some of my own men, but there a nd clean it a t on<:'e a.fter using it. l t looks :i re on ly half a. dozen of them there ;i nyhow, like H ell to .-ee dir ty nic>ss-tins lying around a nd very likely ha lf of those are dead already ." C lea rly his p rompt use of the machine-gum a cam p- so don't let them be seen. woul d have saved the situation even if it l '.~· l been a case of a real at tack. of Outposts: But the English made a great mi stake in · Lesson from Belgium. firi ng at all when discovered. They shoul d have. depended al together on the bayonet. The following is an extract from a com- H ad they done so, they mi gh t pos ib ly haxe muni ra tion issued· hy British H eadri ua. rt.c> rs on ar-tually secured a lodgment in the Germ an A.u g ust 15th , a nd from it· many useful lessons trench a. nd been able to sum mon re in fo rrements a.· to the ro nduct: of out·post skir mishes can he before any alarm was given. T he n, indeed . :i. rea ll y impo rta nt success migh t haYe been lea rned :" .\1'i ght pa 1· ro lli n~ be tween the trenches is gained and a large section of the position rena lso an impo rta nt feature. These expedi tions , de red un tenable. l t wa s one of those opporwhich a re, of course, a.l ways ma:de under f OVer tunities--very rare indeed- where it falls to of da rkness, are attended with considera.hl e the lot of a very minor commander to p lay a. rhnger anrl ri~ k, hut the men enjoy the excite- b ig pa rt : the E nglish officer comma nd ing the ·me1it, and there are a lw:iys YOlun teers who wi sh patrol fa iled to .-e.ize it. Hi s p romp t action to go out a nd reconnoitre cert a in suspic ious indeed saved hi s own command; but a. vast ly points along the enemy's tren8hes . One li tt le greater result was just possible-and it w;i s pa rty had an exciting arlventure a few 1{ights th :i t tie 1a.cked the spa rk of real genius to ago. A party of fi ve men et out shortly before realise.

Lectures for ·Recruits. II L----------------------= - CARE O F E QU I PME.\1'T.

The good workmaff is known by his tool ~, and there is no workman of whi ch thi s is so true as of the so ld ier. Everything the soldie r wears or carries or uses in a.ny way at all is ·of importance- a sudden defect in any of them may have fa ta l re.suits. F irst anJ fo remost comes the ri fle . If :ln y man·s rifl e gets into harl cond ition he has o nly himself to blame . It- was all r igh t whei1 he got it. Don·t throw your piece a.round as_ .if it was a spade- it's a comp licated p·iece of mecha ni sm. AH the same; it's not so delica tely made tha t you must p ut it in a g lass case: it· just needs o rdin ary care- a little less ·than a decent watch, and much less than a pair of spectac le:;. There are two ways in whi ch it can get J irty: by fouling :ifte r use anrl hy rust. You can preven t the ti rs1· by :1lways using a pull-thmug h after firi ng. Yo u can p revent the se<:'oncl by keep ing it oiled. An y o f tlk senior men in your compa ny will show you how • to do this, and you shoul d k r-io w a.fter seein g it once : .303 oil or 3 in r o il is the best. The next most important part of your eq ui pment are yom cartridges . The _onl y lookingWhen a fter these n'led is to ~ _kep t dry. st owing them a wa.y see that they don't ge t rlarnp. If you don't, you mi ght as well ne \·er have bought them. Ch ie f after your ar ms and ammuni tion come

1 9 1 5.

IL,!_ _~Hairs

THE· IR(SH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday, August 28th, 19 15.

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E Coy. , 2nd Batt.! Dublin. Drawing for Lee Enfield Rifie postponed till Sept ember 1 2tb . Ticket-holde rs please return I ickets at earliest conveffience.

Irish Volunteers' Uniforms and Equipment

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The History of the Cr oss-1 magl~n Conspiracy. RY

ONE DIRE CTLY COGNISANT .

( C onti11ued .) EARLY SKIRMISHING.

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.,4-::;.- 5 ......... ~.

~ ~Y-~7:&

sides had .hccn c11w magcd tu hrit1g . _ L1Mi-i:"'ri7'~·:?. . - ~ -·-.r"' rnto court, by the same magistrate prarp.j:-· ~ both to speak beforehand in their fav.;t;r_ t~ some of his fe llow-members on the ··~1~oh- ~ ancl then ra;efu lly absenting himself ;n the' d~;, of jurlication . It was usual also for these magistrates to recommend particular · lawyer to both parties. So that, while thus encourag- ing litigation and bleeding the poor foolish people to death, these mag istrates were making fri end s of the mammon of iniquity fo; themsc1ves not only with the litigants but with the lawyers. To put a stop to aH thi~, these parties were · now induced to free ly submit their cases to . friendly arbitrators, . wboqi. · t~ey .sel~oted thepv selve , generally from ap1ong the more trusted and experienced .Land Leaguers. The result was that every such case soon disappeared from tbe law courts, and were amicably settled to the satisfaction of all concerned . Moreover, owing to the salutary i_nfiuence of the loca l T emper·ance Society, the ca es . arisi~g f~orri clr-unkenness also di sappeared . So that the energies of the .. la:c-al pol ire a1~d magistrates \rere now al most excl usirely limited to the three or four ballad s ~ngers or pickpockets. who usually frequented tbe large monthly f51ir of the town. This was for from ,be ing :atisfactory to either police or magistrates, particularly to those who had been · carrying on the practi e: described above. In their eyes it wa criminal seclit ion and illegal interference with the clue course of law and its administration.

\Ve ha1·e seen ho w, in their grea t a nx iety to get even an indiEect blow at the Land League, the agents of" Gol'ernment " only succeeded in Only One Quality- THE BEST IRISH. exposing themse!Yes to shame and ridicule. :nut, baulked in this case, they qui kly sought other mea ns of having their revenge . The pol ice barrack and a public-house on the 2 Talbot Street, DUBLIN. Castl ehlayoey road, which was then per~itted to accommodate its frequenters night and day, Sunchys and Saturdays, were now. the two regular rendezvous of the dangerous characters that frequented the town. Those in charge of New Woollen Sleeping Bags, extra value for the police, under instructions from Dublin Campers, only 5/ 6 each. Castle , were their bosom friend and proCombination Knives and Forks, 1/Second-hand Leather Ammunition Pouches, 9d. tectors, meeting them regularly at the barrack Canvas K it Bags, 1 / - each . · · or, more freq·uently , a~ this public~bous e . Web Slings, 6d., 9d., r/-, 2/ 6 each. Week afte r week, prominent members of the Water Bottles, r/-, 1/ 6, 2/ -, 2/ 9. 3/ 6, 5/ 6 each. Land League wen' being insulted and attacked Web Coat Carriers, 1/ 3, 3/ 6, 4/ 6. Irish-made Haversacks, r/-, r/ 3 each ._ by these characters; while, for . any one Iri sh-made R ifle Slings, 1/6, 2/6 each. identi fied with the League, there was now B. S.A. Air Rifles, 32/6, 52/6 each. ne ither law nor protection from either police · Large Stock .22 R ifles and Ammunition Lowest Prices. or magistrates, And when complaints were Bowie, ~n ives, with Leather Sheath, z/- each. made to the Chi ef Secretary in Dublin, a nd Mess !'ms, Belts, Revolver Holsters; P uttees. enquiries deman:ded into the conduct of policeStevens' . 2 2 Favourite Rifie, z 5/- and 30/Best Cheap Target Rifle on the Market. man or sub-inspector, even through questions asked m the House of Commons, the FOREIGN MONEY EXCHANGED. stereotyped answer always was that " it wa s THE PEOPLE S CO RE AN INITIAL S UCCESS. In all these cases,. howerer, with one not for the public interest " that enquiries into such thin gs shoul d be granted or replie given. exception , there could be no p r~ t~nce _whatever The shocking lengths to which this sort of thing that compulsion .of any kind had been u. eel to 2 Fownes' Street, Dame · Street, was carried will be seen when we come to dea I forre th.e litigants in g'ue8tion t<;> submit their DUBLIN. with the trials of the prisoners . in Belfast in cases to a.r bitration. On both sides they had March , 1883. Suffice it to say here that every in every instance earnestly requested it, for · effort was now being made by certain of the they were sick of the sort of law they s~w police, including one or two in super ior station ad ministered at the · Petty Sessions' Court. - for they must not all be included in this The except ional case was on the absentee Ball Read that you may know. ategory- to turn not only the town but the E state, of which Mr. Brooke, J.P. , a gentleDean Swift on the Situation. neighbourhood into a state of lawlessness and man who will figure largely to the end in the Daniel O'Connell and Sinn Fein (O'Connell's disorder. The object of this also will be ·een Crossmaglen Conspiracy, was then agent. Alternative). Thi s case was one of quasi-landgrabbing, as we proceed. Daniel O'Connell and Sinn Fein (How Ireland and had previou -ly been the cause of much PEOPLE' S LAW AGAIN T GOVERNMENT LAWis Plundered). litigation between the evicted tenant ancJI the LESSNESS.' Ascendency While You Wa it. (Newman.) The man who now helq the land had agent. There we re, however, many evils co nnected What Emmet Means-in 1915. (Ne.w man.) a mortgage against it at the time of eviction; with the Petty Sess ions' Court and the pql ice . Shall Ireland be Divided? and, .being otbenvise tenant on the Ball whi ch, e1·en despite Dublin Castl e, the peop le Why Ireland is Poor. Estate, >had been compelle~ to hold the evicted were a ble to correct for themse h·es . In the How the War Came. past the local court had been crowded with farm, as tenant also, under colour of the The . Spanish War. (Wolfe Tone.) petty case about trespasses~ · rights of way, mortgage. The mortgagee, an extensive shopWhen the Government Publishes Sedition. water -courses, etc.., etc., whi.le quarrels and keeper and farmer, had frequ~ntly been (Griffith.) d isp utes ari sing from drunkenness had been tendered his money , and was always anxious to Persia, Finland and the Russian Alli ance. another fruitful source of Petty Ses ions' · be out of the transaction altogether; but, British Militansm. litigation. Some of these insignificant cases, before the Land League came on the scene, he Speech from the Dock. · (Skeffington.) starting out of u-ift es- nothing more perhaps cou Id not venture to do so, fearjng the Belgium and the Scrap of Paper. Now, than th - barking of a dog- had gone so for dangero us resentment of the agent. by the whole however, though had::ed up PRICE ONE PENNY. By Post, 1~ d . til:it !he y had ;ilmost ruined tl')e litigants on Dozen Lots POST FREE. h(.}!h sides with heaYy costs in the superior landlord l ower not only of County Armagh , r.o urt s. vVhen these ('ases we re suhscqu<"nlly hut nf Counties Lo uth and Mona ghnn a !so, cis withrlr:1wn from the courts, and suhrnitterl lo "'ell as by ;ill the resources of Dubl in Casile " VIVE VIVIANI" !-Famous leaflet dealing with the recent Irish Deputation to France, :irhi1r:1tion, it frequently transpired that l")()th at the time, the agent himself ·had, unrler

At the ..RIGHT PRICE.

L. DOYLE,

VO.LUNTEER EQUIPMENT.

JOHN LAWLER & SON,

Ireland and the War

48 Copies sent post free for 3/"'. also " T he Felon-setter," "The Great Delusion," "Belgian Stackpoole," and "Exit Home Rule,"

l /• per 100 copies.

War Humour and Other Atrocities, Post Free, Gd.

WHELAN & SON, 17 Upper Ormond Quay, DU RUN.

1782

13/6

The Volunteer Boots.

To .M easure. -

1914

Specially designed for marching, and manufactured in my own factory by Irish T rade Union Labour. Post Orders promptly attended to.

JOHN MALONE, NORTH KING S'l'REET, DUBLIN. • 1

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER. ·

:•rcssurc of p ubli c o pi11jon, to g i1·e wa y; a nd LhcrL· 11as 110 one rnurc tlc li glitcd tliat1 th<.: mo rtgagee to have the case sett led, he himself select in g fiye members of the loca l L a nd League as the boa rd of arbitratio n. The case was t hus a micab ly sett led, the evicted man went back into possess ion, and tbe agent had af terw a rds to ;i.dmit him as tena nt. This wa s a stunn ing blo w, fo r he retofore Mr. Brooke 11· as regarded as the prota rroni st of the la n<llo rds of the surrou nding coun ties. Supplemented by the other a rbitrnt ion c;i.ses tha t we h;i.1·e seen , thi s one particuhrl y wa s now rep resented by the lan dlord pnrty ri s th8 decis ion of a lawle s L;i.nd Lea.gue co urt, compe lling obed ience to its ill egal behests; an d here we ha 1·e the o ri gin a l germ whi ch, though in the process of time and circumsta nces it <' hanged its f eaL ures compl etely, g re w in lo the g rea t Crossmag !en Conspiracy, cos ti ng the gow' rnr'nent £Jo ,ooo bvfore it ended in their ow n e te rnal shame a·nd di sgra ce. L AWLESS LAW AGAI

D EFEATED.

But thi s was only the beg inning of things on the Ball Estate . A num ber of tena nts h ad been t urned inlo ca retakers, un de r wa n:ant s tha t w re totn ll y illegal. These wa.rrants having .been o ut of dri te a nd unrene wed befo re execution, the sub-agent o r ba iliff res igned his pos ition, jo ined the League, a nd now re1·ealed the fact of this il Lgnl procedure. So that e1·ery r.ne of the e1·ined tenan ts hatl to reinstated , and li beral red uctions in the ir rents g ra ntect in o rde r to t>lacate them. A t the sn me time , D enis 1\ugent (aftenrn rds one of the Crossmaglen pri soners) and others coll ected full acrounts of the enormous a mount of law rosts which by th is a nd othe r uch mea ns had in the past bee n xtracted from the struggling tena nts. They forw;i.rd ed sa me to the landlords ; but, ;i.s the rigent a lways refus ed to re,·eal their address to anyone, these accounts had to. be sent in a sea led enYelope through himse lf, and it neYer transp ired whether the land lord_- or their representatiYe rece i1·ec1 it.

~ OBLESSE OBLIGE .

There were ma ny othe r inciden ts which ma de thin gs 1·e ry unpleasa nt between the Ba II tena nts and the ir agent. The landlords had promised a lease for a n in fa nt school, which was very much needed; but the agent would now ne ither gra nt it, nor permit an y communi cation with the landlords on the subject sa ,·e through himself ; and the place 11ad to remn in for years without it. They had also promi sed, some time pre1·iousl y, to e rect' a tow n clock on the marke thotise apd tmrn ha ll. B ut to the aston ishment of the nati1·e , when the long-promised gift was pl aced by t he ;i.gent anrl hi s workmen in its receptacle on the front of the ha ll , it turned out to be nothing more than a circular p iece of boa rel painted white, . with the h<rnds a nd hours of a. clock rudely marked thereon in black. Thi s was turning tra gedy in to farce, rinrl some loca l poet, whose identi ty has never been revealed- but· gen rilll y suppo:ed to baYe been Mi hael W 3tters, the youn ges1· of .the Oross m:i gle n pri soners, or D eni s :\ uge nt, ai 1othe1" o f th m- celebrat e<l the occas io n in verses, whi rh got in to neRrly a ll the loca l papers, and mnd . the " C rossmRg len Clock .. aud its generom donor fo r many a day the stand ing gibe and laughing-s to k of three counties. The present wr it r ha s extract'ecl them :from a newspaper of the period.

'l \iE CLO\'K O I' CiwssM 1\ CLi,'.N.

Hi g h up ;il iu1·c \J ll/' r11 <1rkcl-li ;1ll , aud luu kin g o'er the Sr1ua re, A strange and wondrou. clock is seen, by skilful hands p laced there; Admired hy nll, by young a nd old , by sag and learned men, An I gua rded as a treas ure is the Clock of Cross\n agle n. AboYe ou.r ha !l 'tis p laced secure by workmen Lried a nd true, An cl there ' twill stanrl for eYe rmo re exposed tr, l iuiJI ic 1·ie\\' ; And fu tu re ages 11·i ll romliinc to pr;1ise aml bl ess the me n Who planned th is clock a nd p laced i1· in rhe town of Cross ma g len. will not din e att mpt the task, or t ry to Le ll in rhyme The beaut ies a nd the harm · that deck a nd g race this work suhl ime ; Hu t may some g ifted poet ri se to trace with golden pen, And celebrate in wo rthy verse the Clock of Crossmagle n. Your clumsy. c locks must: follow time, both minu te h:rnd a nrl hour, But this g re:i t work ha s stopped t ime's course , and lnm·ecl its magic powe r; \'o w, sneer not, cyni c--' ti s the tru th- time has not mo1·ed s in('e when Tbi s r lo<'k was placed amongst us in the tow n of Crossmaglen . [t has no wheels, it needs no weights, there is no tick or stroke, 'Ti s not of gold or silrer wrought , but good old Iri sh oa k ; Ye t strange r 'fa r than 'trasbourg chi mes, its ba nds at twelve past ten Full often fill with laugbte.r wild the S(juare of Crossmaglen. :\iow ' twas our la nd lords garn thi s Cl ock , th t ruth I vouch to yo u; . Then listen not to P nrne ll's cries, nor to hi s noisy crew, But , down with rent red uct ions! 1ye'll pro1·e true and loyal me n, And ·stand by our dear la nd lo rds .in the town of C rossmagle n. Where-ver these kind donors clwe ll, whatel'er l>;: their name, They're worthy of unbounded pm ise a ncl of immortal fame; F o r th is g reat gift', this glorious deed, has pr01·ecl them generous men , Whose na mes sho uld be embln zoned on rhe Clock of Cro smaglen. Whether intended by th writer or not, these 1 · e rs "~ s, h:wing become so public, hrid a wonde rful effect in ca llin g men's a ttention oYer a wirlc a r0n Ln· 11:hat, for a long time, had been occcurring o n th rihsent e Hall Estate, a nd to the publi c 1-e1·el:1tions , as see n, regn rrlin g the age nt' s co nduct the reon ; so Lhat no o ne abo ut ho mc coul d atte mpt to clefe nd o r deny it. But wh il e th is wris so at home, the abse ntee landlo rd's for th re was more tha.n o ne interested-instead of knowing a nything about it, we re led, as subsequently transp ired , to believe that , in the ir interes t, he was a kind of heroic martyr. whose li fe \\':lS constan tly in imminent danger from Cro ssmag le ~1 conspirators.

Saturday, August 28th, 1915. vV ORK FOR THE P OLICJi:.

rn the sa me 11·a 1·. wh<.:n l\lr. Hruukc 11·;1 s likely to meet M.ajor Blair, 'the County Monagha n R.M ., or Mr. l\['Cull agh, R.M . fo r Co. Arma gh , or when out with Mr. Barton, registrar for the County Co\n't J uclge, or Mr. BaiIie, afte rwards Cle rk of the Crow n fo r Mo nagha n, or with . o thers 1ike l y to report things at headquarters at Dubli n Castle, he 11·as in rnri ably protected' by police escorts. But at othe r times , as will indeed appear, on the Crossmagl e n triril s, be rode about by himself 0 n lonely marls for mil es and mil es by ni ght a nd day, particul a rl y through the Cross magkn dist ri ct, whil e nohorly e Yer sa id on offe nsi1·e _ word to him o r attempted to mol es t him in riny way wlrnte1·er. In this way i t soon became mani fest . that a part was · bein g p layed for Dublin Castle also, the rea l meanin rr of which · will be d isclosed when we come to the trials.of the C rossmagle n pri soners. T HE P EOPLE STILL WI NNI NG.

So far we haYe een something of the slnte o f thin gs on t·he nbsentee Ball proper ty . On a second, known ris the R e id estate, where a num be r of the tenants hrid also been ma<~lc c:u etake rs, and where legal proceedings, for Lhe sri me p urpose, were in progress agai ns t a slill large r body of the tenri ntry, it was rl'iscm·ere d t hat the e\·icto r him self had no legril t i.tie to tb e la nds . So here again the te nrinls had to be re instated,. the legal proceed ings withdra wn, and an e1·en greater red uction of re nts than o n the Ball esta te granted to all the te nants. Lriter on, a bog us outrage perpetrated on thi s estate in the interes t of coercio n and unde r pol ice p rote tion wil I claim o ur attentio n. Tn a third case , <i n the Biggar or Eastwood estate, the te nants were beit).g proceeded aga in st a nd turned a lso into a retakers for rents far in excess of those le gally ag reed upon by a forme r Rgent, who had some ti me ,previously resigned. H e re, once mo r ., the· tenants were defe nde d by the I,,eague, their ri ghts were establi shed, and the reduced rents fixed in perpetu ity, or , at least, un til the law should otherwise clecirle , as it has alrea dy clone. B ut thi s cli d not exha ust the acti vity of the 'League rs in conne tio n with the Biggar es tate. ATTACK ON THE BALLOT A CT.

At the P a rl jamentary elec_t ion of r 880 o ne of the seats for Co . Armagh was success fully contested in the Liberal and T enant Ri ght in te rest by Mr. J. ~ .Rich ard son . • But the IJa iliff o n this es tate was sent to ever y elector thereon to warn them individual Iy not to d rire Rpproach the poll in g booth at Crossmrigle n on the day of election, because the land lord 1rnuld be the re to see if they did, and to !)unish them for it . Thi s was the fttst election in the dist ri ct un de r the Ballot Act , Rnd the tenants in some cases had st ill the old d read of incurring the la ndl orrl's hostility- bo th as lanrllorrl ancl rn 8g ist rate if they rbued to disobey on the polling rlay . Tnw to hi s threat, on the di!y o f election the la ndlord was in the hall o f thl' c·ourthouse where the Yoting took place, a('C011l prinierl by a nother loca l J.P., who was in r:harge of the pollin g station. But the Leaguers we re th ere too, a nd qui ckly succe ded in evicting both the obstructors by crowd ing th halJ with vot ers; so that the Bi ggar te nants who had been in hiding up to thi s could n0w in safety and securit y record their ,-otcs foi·

Salurday, August 28th,

f HE IRISH VOLUNtE£R

1915.

th e Liberal T enant Righter, while the landlurd bad to L) Uit the scen e, followed by the groa ns and exec rations o f the assembled multi ·,

tude. In connection with this estate there wil I be unearthe d a no the r still more gra\'e case of o utrage-mongering tha n the former, scree ned a lso by the police, and kind! y trea ted by the ma g istrates . The Ball, the Biggar , and the R e id estates , of which 1\'e ba1·e just treate 1, we re the three principal ones in the Crossmaglen d istrict. O n the K elly, th e Tu ll yado nnel Calagban, the .:\e1·iJle, the J ohnston, and the o ther srr)all estates, the struggle 1rns. more ·or Je.-s the same; a nd the in terests of the tenantry thereon were likewise ,·igilantly and \'igorously defended by the League--defended within the 1'\ w against the oppression and encroachments of landlorclism and its agents outside a nd beyond it. THE BALFOUR EV I CTION POLICY ANTI CIPATED.

A t this period, howe1·er, or earlier , 1rith a few honourable excep tions the la ndlo rds of th e loca lity, as indeed of most other parts of . Ireland, had ente red into a league anLl co1·enant · to defeat 'as far as possible, e\'en before it became law, as well as after, the Land Court clauses of the Gladstonian L and Bill or L a rnl An o f 1881. This was the meaning of ende a1·u uring to turn as many of the ir tenants as at all possible into care takers; for, as caretakers, they woul d have no rights in the courts , wherea · as Lenants they would be partners with the landlords in their holdings, and could therefore clai,n1 their share of th e spoil s ..,.. l1ef0re the Bill passed, the laud lo rds boasted that they h ad no less than 800 " caretakers" in the Cros maglen area , though not all in the Crossmaglen parish; but such were the efforts of the local branch of the L eague that, a few months afte r the Bill had become law, · they bad not so much as one, and the only rea l ly 1·i cted tenant was a lready restored.

In the eyes, however, of local

Jandlor ~li

and part icularly of i.ts directors a nd faithful a llies in Dublin Castle, this, with the rest of what we have seen at Crossmaglen, was worse than op en rebeJ!ion or e 1·en Fenian ism itself; it was no thing less than communism an d the French R evolution over a.gain . Ca tle lawy rs and Castle judges will, beyond yea or nay,. prove this for us at the trials in Be lfast . LIBER1\ L GOVEl<NMENT TO THE RES CUE

But tho ugh so badly b aten in ope11 warfare from all the ir trenches, the landlords had still the re ·e n ·ed reso urces and secret machinery o f Dubl in Cas tle to fall back on . T cwards the end of 188 c the Foster Coe rcion Act b acl

murnt1on s in o ur own day, cnme aJl(J outrage was the thing required. The Leaguers kn w this, .and now issued pla.cards*_ann ouncing the ir know] clge of what was going on , de noun cing the posting up of threatening notices, the sending of threatening le tters, a nd eve ry thing else tha t savoure d of crime or o utrage, as the work of the enemies of the peop le and the L eague, a nd warning the people aga inst such things, but that they must instantly report to the Le ague anything o f thi s kind that might come un ler the ir uot i(·e . '~T ith t<.:n or tweh e exceptions at must, e 1·e ry househol der in the ]Jarish, P rotestant and Catholic, more than r ,200 in all, we.re me m-

bers of the L eag ue, so that it was nearly imposs ible that anyth ing in the way of outrage could ue attempted 1rithout being detected by the m, for e 1·ery man was on hi s watch. The local T emperance Socie ty , mbracing as it then did more th an nine-tenths of the ent ire pupubt iou from t·e n years of age upwar ds , nearly 3,000 in ail, was r iui te as vigila.nt in thi s m<ltter as even the League rs, aud owing tL> its numbe rs e ven more effecti1·e . Things abu had reached that pass th a t e 1·e n the rowd ies of the town and country , 11·ith six or seve n except io ns, had abandoned Gan la nd and Bigle y. In these circumstances there coul d not be more than twe h·e or fo urteen probable o utragemc; nge rs , a ll -well known to. the L eag uers. J t was therefore surmi sed th a t it sh oul d not be diffil'ult to watch and detect them if any thing were attempted. Facts a fterw a rds proved th~1t thi s surmise was correct. The Jirst attempt did come a t about eight o'clock on the night of the 24th J anuary , i882 , and uefore ten that same night th e officials of the Leag ue kne w all ~tbout it, and that it was carried out under police protecti.o n . It se n·ed its p urr>ose, howe 1·er, for two days afte r the Jirst Crossrn a.glen su. p ect was arrested . .,.. See ev idence of Mr. Boyle, treasure r of th e Land Leagu~ at Crossmaglen,

Bdf ast

f11oming _News, 27th March, 1883.

Airidh·eacht and Miiitary Display at I St. Enda's College, Rathfarnham.

Volunteers will note the competiti ons to take p l ace at above Ae ridheacht on Sunday, Sept. 5th .

Bes t display of close and extended order d rill for section o f J 2 men un de r ·section comJ.

mander .

Entrance fee, 2/ 6 for sect ion.

trophy and a secon d prize will be Time lim it fo r di ·play, 10 minutes . usefuln ess rat he r than mere effect will making a wa rds . It is understood that

offered. General count in Brigade

hundreds of innocent me n in jai.l as suspects; a nd in :\'ovember of that year th e secret ·lipped Council sanctions carr ying arms, and special out from the Cros. maglen an d Newtownha mi lnote will be taken as to bow same be handle d. ton ]JOli ce barracks, as well as th rough another Bayonet work, the assa ult be ing principal channel, that S. J. Bigley a nd Constable · exercise, may be in troduced in display. Ga rtland, with the a id of a few Co . Armagh 2. T ug-o·-wa r competitions. T eam, io mag istrates, had got a number of the Crossm en. Catch-weight, p ull 20 ft. Entrance fee magle n L eag uers pu t o n the list for a rres t as 2 / - fo rt am. Pri ze offered. suspects, a nd • that ·Mr. Kaye, himself an 3 . Shooting . Range 25 yards; miniature . Armagh Orangeman , and under-Secre tar y at Medal offered. Entrance fee, 3cl . the Castle, had already p romised their immeEntries for competitions Nos . 1 and 2 to be diate arrest, but that it was discovered that made before Aug. 31st . this could not be clone in the face of ParliaComdts. De V alera and MacD onagh and ment, . as the locality was so peaceable . Like Mr. Mallin, Chief of Staff, S . Citizen Army, ·Y.·A policy aftenrnrrls adopted by Gove rn- ass ist·e rl by other Volun teer officers, will ac:t as ment under l\ilr. A.

Balfo ur.

j udges.

Compe titions to commence at i u·cl uck sharp on College groui1ds. C uma nn-na-mB a n will g i1·e a display d urin g the a fternoon. Bes ides thi s military d isplay th ere \\'ill be a first-rate concert programme . Bands wiJ l at tend . There will be dan cing on an ideal floor. Pi pers' bands, tea-rooms and teagarcl ns, a nd motor dri\'es will be among th e numerous o ther attracti ons . Milford, the Iri sh Wiza rd , will attend . Admission to th e gw und.- 1ri!J be 3d. A motor sen ·ice will ply bet1r cen Co llege gro unds and tram . and 4d .

Fare , 3cl.

Already app li e<1tions are corning in for en try in ('ompetitions, ancl many compani es are g i,·ing men extra drill to get into goo l trai ning. It .is hoped re tug-of-war contests that Vo lunteer companies will en te r. The training in th is manly sport is excelle nt in itself. W I LLIAM PEARSE ,

lio n. Sec .,

Captain.

Lessons from the Wicklow Camp. a nd

ur m<~nceuue through the thickly-wooded mountainous count y of Wi cklow ha1·e

ta ught us many lessons . One fact , however, that stands out clearly before · all others is the enormous ad1·a ntages of the defens i1·e over the offens ive; and tb i,; is probably the case over most of Ire land . .\' ext to thi s the most str iking th in g is the great Yalue of even slight offensive action on the part of the cl fende rs . Our usual manceunes consisted of skirmi shes bct1reen cycl ist rearguards and infant ry purs uers, and the former nearly al 11'ays held off thei r opponents with \·ery little difficulty. This was partly clue to the infantry's failing to .re alise that cyclists ca1~not moYe far from the road, a nd ha1·ing thus a fals e idea of their mobility, deployed themseh es to an unnecessar y extent. Thi s shoul d be noted for future use . Another useful lesson was learned by o ur rarious advanced parties who had to choose o ur camping grounds. They will never aga in choose a steep slope, and they will al wa ys remember the ques tion of fuel. They , and in fa ct all our cycli sts, ha~·e also learn ed the da nger of setting out on a campaign without see ing that the brakes and o ther parts of their machines a re in good order. Other lessons a re chiefly hygienic. W e conside r it ad1·isa ble that eYery man shoul d carr y a small bottle of Iodine and some Boric P owder. The rn lue of Lhe repea ted instructions in the Volunteer on the care of the feet was brought practically home to some unfortunates; others clisc01·ered for tbemsel ves the ill-effects of drying d amp boots too quickly. These and other things we ba1·e lea rnt , but before all and above all,

we haYe le arnt

Discipline .

Boy Scouts' Jerseys, Hats, Belts, Haversacks. Five-pocket Leather Bandolier, 4/11 each. Belts, 1/10. Caps, 2/·. Uniforms, 24/6. Haversacks, 1/-. Puttees, 2/·. OFFICERS' UNIFORMS, 24/6. Caps, Shirts, Collars, Fronts, Sam Brown Belts.

Fallon's Equipment ·Factory, 8 Mary Street, DUBLIN.

•

t HE. LBIS.H VO.LUNTEER. Cot.&1rce

Corhp.<\1"6e,

19 15 , .Carrigaho~t). . · (Eugene Col:'MlC.<\lE; O'Curry College, ·

. _:

Second S ess ion-Aug. 2 nd t o A ug . .28th; '

· ·,

Ilon~~~~~'.::_Maire B;~n uL Dhonnobhain; .

. ·: · 2 Querin Vil-la•, BaiJe '.n a Coradh, Lui mri each.

·AND.

_ .

. .

:_·Sarsfield : Street;:

~, .. ·· · - · ·

-~IMEft:IOK.

;,..

' · ,;

~a~_ufa. ctured

MacHugh, · ·QAE.L,5- \Vh~r-~. t~ g~t y~ur N~w-s,

· .. · '"63 " .Talbot Sfreet, DUBLIN.

Fancy Goo9s, etc.', etc.-

0 Faolain,

Jrish. Volunteers should support

JAMES LENNON Ulster's LeadinJ! Nationalist Bookseller and Newsagent,

35 LOWER DORSET STREET.

Castle Street and Chapel Lane,

Telephone 222.

DON 'T FORGET

LARKIN'S LITTLE · SHOP

JOHN A. O'CONNELL, $culptor,

· All National Publications Stocked. Prayer Books and O bjects of D ~votion at lowest prices. VISITORS TO BELFAST SHO,ULD INSPECT OUR STOCK.

Monuments, Headstones, etc.

IRISH COODS A SPECIALITY. STREET,

BELFAST• . E veryone should read " The J ail Journal," " New Ireland," " Speeches from the Dock," 1/- eaoh; by post, 1/2.

KING STREET, CORK.

for Big Value In Cbandlery, Tobaccos, Cigarettes,· &c.

~FORD

by · : -

.. -_s •. c,.. ROAD,'. DUBLIN.

Stationery, Cigarettes, G eneral

Lucania. Pierce. Swift. R udge. . B.S.A. New Bicycles. Cash. Easy Payments'. · Repairs. Accessories. Second-hand Bicycles from 15/-. Prams. and Gramophones Repaired.

I -----

" .All £lasses -of FEEDING STUFFS Stocked.

M.i~s ·_ ;E.

: ... .

GO.U RSES-(a ) T~!ll pOrafy Ce~tificate:.....:~b). Ful! Cerli · - ) r. .ficate- (c) Special Advanced . Course in .Literature, · . :.. . . . . . _, ·c omposition and Collection- of· Ga-elic T raditiona l ~- .

i 9 1 S·

JOHN" ·, ._IJAL·Y~·s . Ask fo:r VOLUNTEER SAUCE BAKERIE,S, -, ·.: ·,:.:_. : . · _· • 2.·e· w·•11· . - ..........t ...... t , . ' I 1am .·. . ree

~\11

C.1J'!M15

Sa turday, August 28th,

" Everything that is not Irish must be Foreign."

DUBLIN .

GLEESON & co., IRIS~N~~.ODS LUCANIA CYCLES ARE MADE IN IRELAND. Best Ter ms (Cash Only) from

Hopkins & Hopkins'

·oo mn-0.t t u-0. bu-0.c-0.tu, mu15

Irish Volunteer Tailors and Drapers, II UP.P ER O'CONNELL STREET, DUBLIN

Manufacturers of

t1U.6.U4"0.

CITY CLUB CIGARETTES.

IO for 3d.

BADG ES FOR VOLUNTEER UNIFORMS, Etc:. MEDALS FOR Ri FLE SHOOTING in Gold and Silver,

T RY THEM.

ORIGINAL DESIGNS.

P . CONWAY Bl. CO. ,

CATALOGUES and Q UOTATIONS F REE.

T OBACCONIST S,

31 Exchequer Street and IOa Aungier Street Established 1894.

TREASOftl !

LOUGHLIN'S IRISH OUTFITTING

is better than the Foreign Shirts, H osiery, Gloves, ALL IRIS H. Braces, Hats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc. FAIR P 'R ICES.

I RI SH OUTFITTING HEADQUARTERS, 19 Parliament Street, DUBLIN.

I ~o~s~l~t~~~.~;-;:~~~\ .. l \ \

Opposite O'CONNELL MONUMENT, DUBLIN. Telegrams : " Meyther, Dublin."

T elephone : 3569

I rishm~ • · to buy the Foreign Article a r d neglect Irish Ind us tries.

It is treason for

I can g-ivc best valne in lrtland in Razors. T ry my t./6 Razor. Money r efun de d if not satisfi ed .

l l

Old Razors Ground and Set, 4d.

~pecial

M 'QUILLAN'

as/a':,uc:~.5;f;

ST.,

MR. D. McCULLOUGH Camping Equipment If you want DRY FEET and PEDFECT FIT LAHEEN, · Bootmaker, intimat~ for Volunteers. 115 Emmet Road, Inchicore, -

begs to to his friends and customers that business is proceeding as usual, that all orders for .

Volunteer Tents, 55/- each. Waterproof Gr ound Sheets for these, 12/6 each.

PIANOS, PIPES, :: :: MUSIC and TUNINGS

SU PPLIED ONLY TO VOL U NT E E RS.

shall have the same careful antl prompt attention as form e~ly.

H~WARD

STREET,

BELFAST. Telephone 383 1.

--- ----

22 Stoneybatter and 23 Bishop Street. REPAll, S Neatly Executed at MODERATE CHARGES

DO YOU FEEL WEAK, DEPRESSED, er RUN DOWN ? CAHILL 'S AROMATI C QUININE AND I RO N TONIC will tone you up, steady your ne rves , improvf':< your appetite, enrich your blood. For summer lassitude, for Neuralgia, try a bottle l s. and 2s. ;: postage 4d. Made only by ARTHU R J. CAHI LL~ T he Na tiona l C he mi~t, 82A Lower Dorset St., Dublin _,

USE

"Green Cross Night Lights... MADE IN IRELAND.

J. WALSH , T.C., (oF CoRK) ,

HEADQUARTERS, 2 DAWSON ST., DUBLIN• .

D. MCCULLOUGH

TRY -

begs to . intimate to his numerous Volunteer friends that he has opened a magnificent Tobacco, Chocolate, Sweets, and News Emporium in Dublin at the corner of Blessington and Berkeley Streets. Irish goods a speciality .

VOLUNTEERS I• Send your COLLARS, SHIRTS, etc., t o THE NATIONAL LAU1"DRY, 60 South William Street, DUBLIN. Suns and

U NIFOR ~; s CLEANED IN Two D AYS.

and .l'RESSED

Irish Made Shirts, Caps, Poplin Ties, Collars, Hosiery, &c. THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIM•RIOK.

DRINK Dry 6in2er Ale. K·ERNAN'S

p-<S.'01W.1'5 0 11--0.l l ti1UR-<S.m , Draper,

IO WILLIAM STREET, LIMERICK; 'Printed for the Proprie tors at the Nortbgate . Printing Works, Belfast, and pu'blished at the Volunteer Headquarters, 2 Dawson Street, D ublin.