The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 42

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EDITED BY EOIN MAC NEILL. Vol. 2".

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N o, 42

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1915.

(New Series).

NOT ES.

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The true state of British politi cal part ico bas already uecn described in these c0lumns. There i · a privileged class, the class ?·f feudal ownership, of great wealth, and of the aristocratic and plutocratic; universities . Toryism i · their natural domain, but for fear that the democracy 1night become democratic, they lend it a batch of clever men to keep it in order. The British democracy has no lm·e for Ireland, the plutoaristocracy hates Ireland.

* .In the present crisis, the old militarist ari ~ to­ crats and the young bloo Is of the Liberal wing of the Oligarchy see an opportunity for forcing the democracy under militari m. England has always been a militarist power, but for a long time pa ·t she has been ;Lccustorned to rely on her navy . The present attempt is to com mit the democracy to an. army establishment on the scale of the Con tinental land powers. The wisdom or unwisdom of this attempt is: not our concern. Ireland has decided definitely aga inst con crip tion, ~wd Ireland will make good that decision .

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The lri.sll Volunteers 1Ycn .: es tauliohed to safeguard the rights and · liberties of all Ireland and of ali the Irish peop le against militarism. That is not the wor~ of a day or of a year. The war came upon us unexpectedly, I.Jut was not allowed to destroy the foundations laiiJ. for a free Ireland ." The Irish Voluntee rs will continue to build up the National defences until , if possible, every man aud youth who i.s ab le and willing to de f~nd the K ation has. the necessary training, discipline and equipment.

Train ing for :I\ ational defence will become a household tradition throughoi.1t the J:ancl.

-)lo • ·* * That is a . totally diffcn.: 11t aim from militarism . . The purpose of militari ·m is to dominate over other ·peoples . - The purpose of .:\ ational defence_ is to be free from the Our ancestors domination of militarism. embarked .on a course of militarism fo r a brief spell in their history . They were saved from becoming a · militarist nation by becoming Christian. Since they became Christian, they have never once molested any other nation . or cow1try. Thet'e . is ·no Jmperial·.i .-.; m in their blood. They have no wish to dom in ate or to

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share in domination . Their utmost political our s.trength to the very limit of human and ideal is to be free. The p_eoples that fo· by · national capacity. " I s this demand to be made the sword will perish by the sword. This only on the soldier and the worker? When the war is 01·er, will Mr. Churchill': cousin, L0rd ~~Lt ion will become neither militaris.t no r a par tner 111 militarism.

Londonderry, rema in in full p0ssess ion of hi s great estates and wea lth in Ireland and in ·)f * England? Is that what Mr. Churchill ca lls The Venerable Bede, the Jirst his tori ~tn or " exerting our strength to the very limit?., If the English, tells us that dbwn to hi s ow n time it isJ then one of the objects of this war is to the Irish, with all their warlike traditiohs, 1vere use up the lives and labour or poor men to peaceful towards neighbouring nation s and keep rich men rich. " N ational service/' 111 friendly towards the English. In the year 684, that .sense, means the ~ n-ice of Mammot1i while Bede was in his qoyhoo<l, " Egfrid , king which, according to one of Mr. Churchill 's of the ?\orthumb1ians, sent Beorht, bis general, colle~gues, can now at last be cal led the service with an ·army into Ireland-, and miserably of God . Certainly, the Oligarchy are providwasted that harm.less na.tion, which had always ing· the Socialists with munitions of war to be been mo t friendly to the Engli sh; and this stored up for future use. army , in. its hos tile rage, spared not even the * * churches or the monasteries. " The Irish, we A fortnight ago the ,Department of Agriculare told, repelled force with force, but made no ture in . Ireiand published a report on agriculreprisals. Nor, since they became Chri stian, tural labour. According to thi s report, whi ch h; Ye they ever ought lo dominate the freedom does not seem to have received much attention, of any other people. The ideal that an imates the numb r of migratory labourers ~rorn Ireyoung Ireland tu-day is not aggression ur the land had fallen off from 32 ,ooo jn the year It is the ideal of selfr\.tle of force. i900 to 13 ,000 last year : We may be certain s~Lcr ir1ce, of re<Lcliness to part with all the:Y hold that the figures for the p resent year will sho\1 dear in this world, if by doing so they can help a further very large reduction. These migra· to bring the right of might into di ·grace a nd tory workers go mainly · from the north-wes t, di scomfiture, and to tea1·e to those who wi 11 where the ·ha.n·es t is very late. A large proporcome after them a strenglhened p urpose to tion , p robably the main parl of them, belong make this island a place of liberty and justice. to the working farmer class. They return from harvest .work in Engla~d and Scotland to d<. * * * It i i1~te resti11g to watch the desperate efforts the harvest work on their own holdings in Ir( of the Engl ish Oligarchy to use tnis war for land : It \vill be remembered that large nun\ . libert y a nd civilisation as an opportunity for l.Jers of them ·left off .work in Great Britaia gainin g a stronge r · hold for milita rism. Lord . thi s year and came back to I reland when the Kitchener has ;i.lready been declared a Eotential Registration Act was about to be put in force, Dictator, and ire are told that be has onl y Lo and that they were mobbed on the other s.ide say the word , and " t\1e cou.utry ,; will haYe to and assailed wi th the cry of " Cowards." Their submit to compulsory mil.i tary service. P er- "cowardice" consisted in making sure that haps . There is another side to the story, .and they would not be compelled,- during a temporc the Socialist \vriter, H : G. Well.s, has n'l t iost ary stay in Engla11d, and by a." law which did . sigh,t of it. If compulsion bet:;ins, .it · will not ·riot operate in t.h e same way in. thei1: own encl with. personal service. It may please the country, to lose the whole fi:uit of their..work aristocrats and the µlutocrats to lay dovirn the . ~: t home <~ n cl to leave their fam ilies ii1. des.titu> - - .. doctrine that the fa rmer· s son ahd the shop .· tion. E Yery one .o f .these i;i.1.igratory . labourers a·ssistant must p lace their. lives , which are all does farm work in Ireland, 'and the 01{ly re;son they have, at the disposal of the" wealthy arid" why they .have to "migrate 'in summer is the un- .. . ·- . the powerful. The farmer's son· and _the shop: developed or rather .decayed co;1dition of Irish assistant have a . plain a nswer. They wi!Lsay agriculture ui1der Engli ·:, Gove rnment. More to the aristocrat and the plutocrat: "Show us than a century ago we had migratory harvest · the example. po first what you ask us to do. labour in Ireland, but the" Spailpin Fanac~ " Hand over all that you have, ·b efore you ask us of that time found employment in the richer to give .all that we have. Give up your estates agricultural distrirts 0f hi.<> mrn country, a nd a.ncl your weal·th to the 'national service.' " hi s labour, besides repayi.1o g himself; went to Mr. · Winston Churchill demands that" we exert increase the wealth of Irel and. The Depart- ·

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER .

I r-:pon alsu places on ufficial recurd Lhc facts that for many yea rs there has been a marked ·ca rcity of lgricultural la.bourers in Ireland and that the farmers' difficulties in this respect )1a Ye been inte·nsified Since the Outbreak of the present war. Farmers have been indt:1ced to greatly increa e their tillage this year, and the area under wheat alone has been increased from 3i ,ooo acres 111 1914 to 87 ,ooo 11119r5 .

111<.'. lll· s

Saturday, Septen1ber 25thJ 1915.

\vi th auy sort of empty · rhetor.ic. \lile hear a great deal about 1:last sen·ices . .l\o app al tu 'p ast serYic:S can avail the general, the officer, or the sold ier who fails to do his plain duty in a critical moment for hi · °;Ii at ion. Increased taxation means the ruin or Ireland.

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We have seen in the Pres th at a dep utati n' from the li cen ·ed traders of Irel and has already gone to London to safeguard the interests of the ir own trade in 1·iew of coming tax ~ttion. * * * Tbe Local GoYernmcnt Boar~ , in' a repurt The vigilance and prom1~tness of this particular p ublished at the ·ame time, shows that in the tra.de, where its own profit is conce rned , a re year ended March 31st last there was an in- always commendable, and it would .be a good crease of £1,800 in the expenditure of _poor thing for Ireland if other Irish interests were rate, notwithstanding that there was a decrease ·so well fooked after. But the Government will ·in the population, .a decrea e in the number of have to raise an enormous sum of increased paupers, a large new expenditure by Govern- taxes, and if there .i s less taxation of one kind ment on the families of r ecruits, a certain there will be more of ·another kind. The amount of food sent over from Canada to farmer, the ordinary trader, the professional relieve distress during the war, and a large man, will be asked to pay, and none of these amount of relief expenditure from private have sent dep utations to London. The working man is pe,rhaps the greatest sufferer of all , ~ources . · The report makes it quite clear that, apurt altogether from Imperial taxation , this and he has no dep utation in London. These country must expect to be faced in a short time classes , if they are not as well organised as the with a serious aggravation of its burdens und~r licensed trade, have the same right to be conthe Poor Law.. The English Poor L aw was sidered, and they 'had better keep a sharp look forced on Ireland after forty years of the out and take care that those ~ho have a voice linion, as a remedy for the economic dis.tress in this matter defend the National interests a 11 round, and not rnerely the interes ts of those which was a consequence of the Union . who are able to bring prom.pt pressure to bea r * * * at the mom!Ont. Any increase of Iri h taxat ion The cry raised by .the Oligarchy in farnur of comp ulsory military service will not be alto- . must be cl.isastrous to Ireland, and Irelttnd has gether in vain if it succeeds in diYerting public no mecu1s of repairing the disaster or recovering attention from the forthcoming Budget. Th~ the loss . We have it alrea.dy on the testimony grand War Loan has been followed, at the -of one goYernment department that Ireland is meeting of Parliament, by a fresh .vote of red uced to : uch ·an economic condition that she credit for £250 ,000,000. At the same . time , is un able to retaih enough laeour fo r her we are told tha.t negotiations ar\! in progress presen t greatly diminished agricultural work ; for raising a joint English and French loan of ' while anothe,r department testifies that, in sp ite £500,000,000 in Americ.-a. The rich people of a great deal of special proYision from other ha 1·e been Yery energetic in · telling poor men sources, the ·burden of .supporting the poor has their duty. H ow would it :do if a committee increased and is likely fo increase very much of poor men~ were to get up a series of recrui t- in future.

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ing meetings throughout all the wealthy centres of Great Britain, and send speakers to add ress the rich _people, inviting them, as a " ~ atio nal sen :ice/ to give up, not all they ba1·e, but ju-t a ~ljnor part, say a third or a fourth part, of their acc umulated wealth? We $hould then be enabled to see what exactly · The some · people mean by pa~riotism, . etc.

111. oject would 1.Je all the more to the point,_ since already_ moderate in~omes have been superlaxed, and there is. talk of taxing still smaller incomes and even .t he wages of working people.

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One sage g ntleman has-written to the Press to ay tbat he cannot unde;-stand why the war should l.Je ~ollowed by a heavy fall in the p ri ces of produce and by widespread distres ·. · "Your daughter," said a music teacher _to an aspiring Seoinin, " would do well. a t music if she only had a capacity. " " That will be all ·.r ight ," •said the coming man," I'll buy her a capacity. " Eorn MAC NEILL.

R.E VIEW.

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In matters of taxa tion, . Irish people must Mr. Deni s Ca ro lan Rushe, Secretary of the look at Ireland as a cop.1monwealth, not a t the Monaghan C0unty Council, has followed up effect of thi or tha,t tax on· this or that person. his " Historica..l Sketch of County Monaghan " The facts . are that Eng.J~.nd h~is thri ven on by another volume entitled "Monaghan in the Imperialism while Ireland h as been one of tl1e Eighteenth Century. "* Much of the hi story in victims arn1 has .stea.diJy deClined; · that Ireland thi vol ume is taken now for the first time from under the Uriion has paid "an E_mpire's the records of the county. The facts are set ransom " in over-taxation~ and a f ar larg_er sum forth in a calm dis.p assionate way . Many such in land tribute, for the benefit of England; local and special histories will have to be that ·Ireland cannot bear: any further increase written before any complete history of Irela11d in taxation, having . no margin at all for her can be produced, ' and it would be :w'ell if every . own necessary ·c:levelopmcnt. ; that any increase part of Ireland possessed historiar:i.s endowed in Irish taxation mu.s t necessarily result in with the zest and diligence and knowledge of further ~conomic ruin to frelarn;l, in .depo1Jlilat ion, impoveri~hment? and industrial ·calami.ty : ~' Pri n t~d, with numerous illustrations, by the Dundalgitn Press, and published by Messrs. Gill of Dublin, This i not a matter to be· arnided or to be met . and Tempest of Dirndalk,

the countr y tha t ar · character.istic of Mr. Ru ~ be .

In the beginning of the eighteenth

c~ntu r y

tl1e Irish Nation might have been ebought to ha1·e passed utterly away. E ach of the three generations of the previous century had seen such blows inflicted o.n the ancient Nation as were thought at the time to be mortal strokes .

Each one of these " conquests " was quite as compl ete as, in oJher ·countries , has sufficed to 1 !inal I y up root and destroy the na.tiuna1 organi sm.

But, if the English policy jn Ireland ha ~ been a continuity, the 1·itality of the Irish Nation has b een a still more tenacious con tinuity. " P ast tellin g has been, in every age, the design of God f? r, Ireland's greatness."

Those who think in these days that Ireland can be conquered or that Ireland ought to accept conquest as an acwmpli bed fact will do well to reflect on the. form er conques ts of Ireland. They will see that the Provincialists of one generation arc the parents of the Nationalists of the next generation. · At the beginnin g of the eighteenth century , the flower of Iri sh manhood and valour was fighting the battles of Europe, while the Government of Ireland, too secure to cloak its intentions, ruled the country in " the English · interest, " introducii1g the fo~ever infamous.

P enal Code and openly uppressing theindustries of Ireland. The Ca tle kept its p ublic reg ister of Irish p riests, just as it now has its s_ecret register of Irish N_ationalists. In 1 913, the Government iss ued Proclamations to p revent the arming of Irish Nationalists. ""E xactly two hundred yea rs earlier, the Ca tle iss ued ·imila.r Proclamations. On the 12th of April , 1714, the Sheriff of Monaghan writes to Dublin Castle, saying that he has recei1·ed and di tributed the " Proda,mations relating to P aiiists carrying arms." The previous Sheriff had receiYed and p ublished Proclamations declaring schoolmasters as well a.s priests to be outlaws. The outcome of these mea ures of government was the " hedge schoolmaster " and ' tbe Rapparee. In l 73 r, the inajority of the parishes in Co. Monaghan had no places of Catholi c worship except altars, some times made of earth and stone, and in the open air. Onl y six parishes are returned as having " Mass houses." In the dangero us ti~es of " the '45 ,'' Lord Chesterfield was sent .to Ireland as Viceroy; to relax the persecution of the Catholics. When the trouble was over, he was withd1'.awn. By -the midd le of the century, we Jind . l'mtestants combining with Catholics again ·t legalised oppression. In 1763, a rising of farmers, mainly Protestants, endea\'oured to s urp ris~ the military station at Belturbet. · and pos ·ess themselves of its munitions, but were anticipated and defeated. The Governme nt and. the County magnates fried to secure the conviction of a large num ber of_the men on the charge of high treason, but the trials that ensued res ulted in acquittals . This "Ulste r Land War gradually died a1Yay, " but " one res ult was the .establishment of the Ulster Tenant Right Custom, " the basis of what is c:a lled "Ulster prosperity :" "Another i-es,t,ilt was the emigration to America of over 400,000 Ulster people;"-Anglo-Saxons of course! A third result 'was the growth of National feeling among the Ulster P.rotestants. In 1780, the ,Grand Ju rors and Freeholders of Co.

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' Saturday. September 25 t h. 1915.

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i\Ivn;1g han 111 d an d. a du r,ted a ch.:clar~1 t i u11 , "Jc:;t our ri ghts and p ri vi leges shoul d see m to be .l ost in the joy which attends a partial res toration T hese words, which are the of them. " pla inest Common sense, if they we r~ to be emhod ied in a declara tion nowada ys, would be denounced by certa in patriots as "a slur on the Iri sh P arty " and " an attemp t to stab our trusted leaders in the back ." T he Monaghan declarat ion affirm s " that no Parlia ment had , has, or of r ight ought to have any power or authorit y whatsoever in t his kingdom, except the ' Parliament of Ireland ." The Monaghan Grand Jurors and F reeholders of 1786, like O'Connell sixty years later, make it pl ain that they ptefei separation to subjugation, for they declare that " on thi s p rinciple the connection between .Great Brita it; arid Ireland is to be founded ." A ga in in 1782 the Monaghan Gntti'd Jury unaniniously declared, " respecting the f unclame ntal . and un doubted rights of this Nation , that we will in every station of life and with all the means in our power assert and ma in tain the constitutional rights of thi s K ingdom to be governed by such laws onl y as are enac ted by the K ing, Lords and Commons of Ireland, an l that we will in every instance un iformly and stre1wously oppose the execution ·of any stat utes excep t such as derive authorit y from sa id P arli ament , pledgi ng ourselves to our Country a.nd to each other to support wi th our lives and fo rtunes thi s our solemn declaration. " The hi stori an goes on to show how Co. Monagha n shared' with the rest of Ireland in the deYelop ment and p rosperi ty tba t were the natural outcome of a :\iational governmen t.

The hi,story doses with Monaghan's . protest aga in st tbe U nion. "The Hi gh Sheriff, John Hawkshaw, summoned_a meeting of the F reeholde rs of the County , which was held on the 28th J anuary, 1799 , and ·at it strong anti-U nion resolutions 'were passed ." The G0Yernme11t age nts first intrigued in vain aga inst the mee t-

ing, and then endeavoured to get up a counter declaration, which ventured no farth er than to rcserl'e condemn ation <Of the Union unti l its t rrn s were made known. Onl y thirty-three out of six or seven hundred freeholders in the coun ty coul d be induced to s ubscribe thi s doc ument.

The bli ght of the U nion fell heavily on Monaghan County , as d id the conseq uent bli ght of the Famine era and the later Land W a r ; but the Iri sh ~a tion does not d ie, a nd Monaghan, Like the res t of I reland, is still unconquered.

AN CUMANN COSANTA Insures Irish · Volunteers / against Victimisation by their · Employers. . . . .

Wri te for particulars to the Secretary,. I. V. Headquarters, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin.

The Q.u tdoor Watch ('iN t he playing field, by the riverside, \._) ciut walking, hunting, riding, or driving, che ideal time-piece, because it is so easy to see, and so readily adaptable, is th_e Wristlet Watch. There are many worthless Wristlet Watches. Get a reliable one. We have them in gold, silver, and oxydised cases, from 18/6.

GANTER BROS • 63 South Great George!s Street, DUBLIN. E std. 1856.

-'Phone 2495.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

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I Why Irishmen ·Should Arm. I ISh·~ 1-tn. g on Ran. g·e and. F..teld. I ----·------- - - - - -

. In every 'free country a considerable p roporti on of the money ra ised by taxa tion is expe nded in the upkeep , a rm ing, and trai ni ng of a mi I i.tary force to defend the cou'ntr y Yea aga inst .invas ion. . . r a.fter .,. year the . sum necessary to keep the na tional defe nce force in a state of efficiency is voted, before any other expenditure ]s considered . The governments a nd . the peop le of these different countries know that thi s is the mos t nece~sary exj)ense, an d that without it they are po7\verless to oppose the acts of aggJ.'ession of their avaricious or ty rannical ne ighbours.

What is necessary for a :free country is equally, if not 'more, necessary for one ·which, like . our own, is not :free. Our rights and' libert ies are as clear to us as the rights and liberties of other peop les are dear to them'.

We also require a strong military i orce to p rotect our ri ghts an d liberties . It is therefore the dut y of every Irishman to arm and tra in himself to p rotect bis country again st further acts of aggression. [n the. Iri sh Volunteers we have already a. strong· military force. We have, however, no p arli amen t to raise taxes, or to vo te the money necessary to arm and h a in that fo rce. Up to the p resent the Volunteers have themselves borne the expense of arming and training themselves . But more money is necessary to continue the work, and the Irish Volunteer Executi ve l.ook to the people of Ireland to supply the fun ds. They kno w that they will not appeal in va in. E veryone is expected _to subscribe, accordin g to hi s means. From those who cannot subscribe a pou-nd a shilling will be we lcome. Those who ca n afford a pound will not s(1 bscribe less . Subscri p tions shoul d be se nt to the H on . Secret a ry Irish ·v olunteers; 2 Dawson Street, Dublin.

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Irish Volunteers. .Prisoners' Pefence Fund.

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· · The Volunteer who ca n score nine bt:1l l's eyes out of ten rnus-t not imagine hi1;nself a crack .shot. Anyone \vi th . a modestly good eye.. and stea dy hand can h.it a still target if he h as unlimited t ime at hi s disposa l. But for practical purposes, a man who· can hit the ma~k t'~ ice 0 ~1 t of fiye times in thir ty seconds is of rriore use than the man who can hit it every t ime, but take five mim1tes over it.

Remember what ·h ap pens in action.

The e nemy is advancing by :altemate .rushes of 25 · ya r-ds . H e is exposed for 6 seconds .ea:ch rush.

Where will your marksman be .who bas to ch ;ell on his aim? H e 'von't even get a shot . in .

MoreoveF, slow firing has no effect on men who mean business. ' R apid aiming . and firing is of special .importance to us Volunteers, mos t of us being without magazine rifles . . We .should, therefore, as soon as we are capable of hitting · the bu 11 , beg in setting ourselves a t ime limit. · Thirty seconds ' for five shots shoul d be ample as a . start, and the time can be red uced la ter. P.ra.cti se foing from all positio_ns, s tand ing , kneeling, and lying, as all will be required later on. It is a good thing ·also to run a. certa in d istance (say 25 yards), ·carrying your rifle, and then to fire fi ve ·shots, all in 70 seconds: -Plenty of time should ·be given t.o ·firing at movirtg targets.

Rabbits , and spar~ows ar:e~ handy and pl entiful. The latter are very nice , when plucked , roas ted, and se rved up on, toast .

Quite like partridges, in fact.

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4th BATTALION DUBLIN, J.V,

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ARK HOLDING AN

AERIDHEACHT On Sunday, 26th September, At Larkfield, Kimmage.

All lead ing Irish Artistes.

Two songs of especial' interest will be contributed by BR I AN O' HIGGINS and GERARD C ROF TS, Commandant re~use will deliver a recruiting address, Display, by Sec. 1, A ··· Co., Winning Section at St. .Enda's, Su nday, 5t~ September.

SHOOTING

RANGE. .

TEAS.

The appeal issued on be,lrnlf of the Irish ADMISSION, (I'HREEPENCE. Spread the Go?d News and Bri ng a Crowd !

Volun teers Pri soners' Defence Fun d has , up to the p rese,n t, been fa irly well responded to.

The costs of defending these pri soners were I very heavy, and a large sum ha~ yet to be subsci;.i.bed before the debt can be cleared off.

Mos t p ublic boa rd's have passed resolut ions conAt the .RIGHT PRICE. demning the action of the Government in a rres ting and impri soning these men, and Only One Quality-THE BEST IRISH. public meetings of protest have been held. " The best way to shm~ the si11cerit y of these protests is by subscribing to the Prisoners' Def ence Fund. Those of our readers who haYe already ·SLJ_bscribe.d shoul d draw .the attention 2 Talbot Street, DUBLIN. of their friends to the Fund , and w tru st that those who have not yet clone so will no t: dela,y.

Irish. Volunteers' Uniforms and Equip8'ent

t.

DOYLE,

~ifles. Guns._~epairs.

DUBLIN COLLEGE OF MODERN IRISH, 20 KILDARE STREET.

IR1$H Classes. ~~ssion

Opens

Septemb~r

23rd.

Fee for Teachers, • Fee for Non-Teachers, · • ,; Syllabus from Registrar, 2Cl K rtDAKE

5/10/- .

ST REET.

A ll Kinqs .22 Ammunition.

A 11 'Boards, Targets.

Cleaning . Rods, Pull Throughs, Oils and all Rifle Sundries.

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CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. ' .

L. KEEGAN, . ;;~ a~=k~r.

3 INN'S QU_AY, Telephone ~$74.

DUB·~IN.

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER. GAELS! Ren:.ember"an~Irish Irelander when you want New or Secondhand Typ~writers, Duplicators, Stencils, Stencil Ink, Ribbons, Carbons, Papers, &c.

Any make of Typewriter Repaired.

[TRANSLATION.] The Central Execufo·e of the Irish Volunteers met at H eadquarters on Wednes·day, Sib inst-., Professor Eoin Mac Neill, President, in t·he r.hai·r.

THE FOLEY TYPEWRITER TRADING CO. Reis Chambers, DDBLil'I. Telephone ll 7Y.

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LIFE-SIZE . ENLARGEMENTS AW~Y

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Direct Sittings Taken Day or l'light.

Ccpying and Enlarging a Speciality.

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All literary communicati"ns for the " Irish VQlunteer" should_ be addressed in future to

VOLUNTEER HEADQUARTERS, 2 Dawson Street,. DUBLIN. All communications re Advertisements to li>e ad':l ressed to the

IRISH PRESS BUREAU; 3o Lower Abbey Street, DUBLIN. SUBSCRIPTION:-The b ·ish Volunteer will be posted free to· any address for one year at a cost of 6/6 ; for half a year, 3/3 ; for. the quarter, 1/8.

Cheques -a_nd Po.stals should be crossed and made payable to the Manager,. Irish Volunteer.

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The Irish Volunteer SATURDAY, SEPT. 25th, 1916

~dquarter' s Bulletin.

<::10n.6 t tio t'.>i .0.5 Corh.o.111te 5not.o. fei tine F41t m.o. n'Oftt1f:io11t: 'O. Ce·.o.-o.o.om, .o.n Srh.o.u t<i -oe'n rhi ro, .o.5ur .o.n t:U.o.ct:.o.11<in eo111 m.o.c ne1tt 111.0. c.o.t40111te4c 011t.4.

Do 1111111e-.i.u c.o.5.o.111c -oo cu11r4m 41r5m n4 femne 4\5l1f -oo 5e.o.11<in.o.'O 11.0.<i 11.o.1t> n.o.

Compt.o.ct:A .0.5 ioc .o. 11-oiotMue.o.ct: p<i111ce m.0.11 b.o.u 66111. -O.-out'.>11.0.u 11,&11 rh6l' -00 5 46 Compt.o.ct: .o. -ou6.L54f . -oo co1rhU011.o.-o 1 -ot:.o.01t> .0.11 .o.1115m.

L:w116t -oo t'.>i .0.5 Corh.o.111te Co1t:ce.o.nn 1i.o. e1nne 'O. 'Oorh11.115, .An 12rh.o.u u, -"5ur .o.n t:U.o.ct:4p<i11 eom m.o.c ne1tt 111.0. c.o.t.0.0111te.o.6 011t.o..

Do te15e.Au cu.o.r14r5t><it.o. 1 · -oc.o.01b 011-ouiste, 01te.o.m114, .o.5ur -0.µm.&t..o. 11.0. f e11111e, 1 -ot:.o.01t'.> -0.1115m,' 1 -Ot:401t'.> .'111 Cum.o.nn Cor.<.\nt:.o., 45ur 1 -ot:.o.0_1t'.> n.o. Cornu<it.o. ro -o<il' 5c1onn. _D o roc11u15e.o.u .o. t.&11 ne1.te 45 b4mr::: te1r .0.11 5Corhu.&1t. ' .

7;10116t 'OO t'.>i .A5 .o.n ;sCom.o.111te 5not.o.

'O. Ce.0.-0.0.0111 , 411 15m.o.u t.&, .o.51.1r .o.n Ce.0.1111 C.o.t.1 p.&-op.o.1c m.o.c p1.o.11.o.1r 111.A c.o.t.0.0111~ te.o.c 011t.o..

- Do t e15e.o.-6 11.0. 511<it-tu.o.11.o.r5t>;At4, .o.5ur ' , .

-00 1111111e.o.u 11011111t: 01r15e.o.c "() .o.mmn1t15.o.-o.

Do c.0.511.0.u 'Oo, 5tu.o.1re.o.ct: 11.0. 1101b11e 111.0. \,<in <iH:;e.0.1111 .o.5ur -oo t'.>iot.o.r .An-t:r<ift:4 te1r m.0.11 'r5e.o.t.

'Ot'inpo11t:' 11.<1 femne, ' .6.t Cl.1.o.°t, 15 m. fO$., 1915.

f

/

I

Saturday, September 25th, 1915. c ui5e r o 1 11 -.Arn J . 116 bet'O 11M t<l.n .&1t:e.Mrn.

r:u1tte.6-'6

~11

r5e.o.t 50 hole

r6s .

L:<l. <\11 toct: ce.o.-on ,\ .O.fl Cl11 "0 'Oe n ,'\ Ce4nnl\1u C4t. bionn r1.o.-o .0.5 cu t' 1ri::e.o.c .0.11 n.o. Ce41111.o.1t'.> Comp t 6.6t: t<i fl.t1.1;51u , no .0.11 n.o. Ce~n 1141tJ n.011111 f e111. b6.·6 ce.o.11c 50 -ot:1.115r1u1~ ll<il' e1p15 .0.11 -o<i tp<i15 l'16.rh te1r .D. n 115ob.o.-o<i11.

A discussion took pbcc on the financial affairs of the Volunteers, and the complai nt was made that many Companies are remiss in . forwarding th{;ir affiliation fees. The hope was expressed that all Companies would punctually fulfil - their obl iga.tions ' in this [TRANSLATION.] respect in future.

A FAULT . · The General Coun cil met on Sunday, 1 2th The facL th:it some Companies arc failin g in st., l'rofessor Eoin Mac ~ e ill, President , in .to produce good Section Commanders and good the chair.

Lie utenants would seem to point to a fault on R eports were submitted ~n Organisation, Training, Arming, Finance, An Cuma.nn the par't of Company Commanders to which t-hese Notes haYe already drawn attention.

Cos a.n~a , and the forthcoming Convention.

The over-zealous Company Commander insists Various arrangements in connect ion wit~ -the on doing the whole work of the Company Convention were completed . , himself.

H e t eaches hi s men to foim £o{rrs; The Central Executive met on Wed nesday, · 15t_h inst. , Command ant P. H. P e ars~ :in the be teaches them signal! ing; he collects their subscrip tions; be r:i.des round on his bicycle to chair. mobili se them when he receives a mobllisatio~ The usual reports were submitted, and some order from hi s Commandant. To do all these appointments made. The progress of the work of the Volunteers in ~everai districts was things h imself is to negl ect hi s fundamental referred to, and sat isfaction was expre sed duty as a Company Commander, for his fundamental duty as a Company Commander with the encouraging accounts to ban cl . . is to see that' hi s subord inates do their work, H eacl<')uarters, 2 D awson Street, not to <lo it for them himself. His own work Dubl in , :r5th ,September, ·191.5.

The proper is supen-ision and command. training of Section Commanders is of the .o.rnmmste. utmost in•portance, and a Captain could pass mo11-t.o.t .6.t6. Cl14t. no severer criticism on -h is own Company than .O.n 31n4u C4t: to .say that he rnust do the work himself since Compt.o.ct: C. his Section Commanders are n~t competent : It . -0.11 Ce41111 n.011111e Siori1611 0 'Oon5.A1te is his business to ha\'e competent Section Comc um t>e1t 111"-' le.o.r-C4pt:.o.on U.o.ct:.0.111. manders.

-0.n Con5.o.yit:61p Compt"-' ~t:.o. 0 m.o.01teo111 ct1m t'.>e1t 111.0. le4r-C4pr:::.o.011 1oct:41l'. mire, fM-o p41c m .o.c p1.A11'11r, C e.o.11ti C.o.t4, Rl4l'411'>e · .o.n 011um5te.

'Oli11)'.:iopt: 114 fe11111e ,

.&tCu.o.t, r5m. fo5 ., 1915.

[TRANSLATION. J APPOINTMENTS. DUBLIN BRIGADE. 3rd Battalion.

C Company.

Section Com mander Simon Donnelly to be rst Lieuten::mt.

Comp:i ny Adjutant j\ falone to be 2nd l~ ie ut.

P. H. PEARSE, Commandant, Director of Organisation.

H eadquarters, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin, I 5th September, r915.

NOTES FROM HEADQUARTERS. · tocr: .

DELEGATION. Similarly, there is a tendency . among Battal ion Comm andants to infringe on the sphere of O;>mpany Commanders. It is very important that every commander, from the lowest to the highest, ' should have full responsibility for his own unit. The more work a comni•a nder can · cleleg:ite with safety to his subordinates the bette r for his comma1;id.

J3a ttalion Commanda11t.s a.gain should tr~i.i n their Battalion staffs to relieve them of all the. mere ro utine part of Bahalion work.

In the field the Battalion Commandant should b e a calm and author itative person with a staff of busy- aicl'es coming and going about him. His function is to command; . the fun ction of the others is to do. H e is the brain; the Sta.ff a.re the nerves ; the Batta.lion is . the arm; the Companies a.re the fi ngers .

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I. _ 36~Mile A

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Recruit March. ,_

Cork Volunteers have · already attained n

loct: 4t:<i .o.yl .o. t<in Ce.An n Cornpt.o.cc .i. reputation as good marcqers, having las t F eb" 5.0.n t'.>e1t r<ift:6. te 11-.0. n-ou~t5df re111 -oe'n ruary gone 24 miles with rifles . On Sunday, ob.0.111 -oo ue.o.n.o.rh .l\C:t: ob.0.111 11.0. 5 Ce.o.nn.o. 5th inst., thi s was outclassed b y :i. march· with te.o.t- Compt.o.ct: ,45ur 11.0. 5Ce.o.n11 · n.011111 : heavy pa cks from H ea dquarters to ?\'ohoy;i J, in -oo .tdl'f1A1115 cuc.o.. m t>e1u te.o.r .0.11 .0.011 the Kinsale postal dist rict ai1d· due south of Compt.o.ct: 1114 11-oe.o.11.o.nn .o.n C.o..pt:.0.011 .o.n Cork on the south coast. Nohova.l i.s 16 miles Ob.0.ll' .0.l' f.0.-0. m t'.>e1'.6 11.0. h01f151S e1te from the city, ·but Mina.ne Bridge and Ba.lly<ib.o.Lc.o. .0.11 .o. 5c1011 re111 ue'11 ob41l' .-oo feard had to be taken in, and these added ue.0.11.0.rh m t>e1u 11.0. r111 01tce dl' 5e1tte.o.u some extra miles to the march. The !l1·arch -oo 11.0. t101p5e.o.c.o.1t'.> e1te. ·.o.n tJ. t>e.o.r .o.n began near midnight on Saturday, when about C.o.pi::.o.on .6.l' 1.0.1111.0.11'> be1u .0.11 Compt.ACt: r111 60 turned out. They marched . through t~e city , ari\:l' then via Dougl as an..d Carriga, ine,' to , 5.0.n C~41111 5 .0.11 r:::11eo111 . c;:41tre.o._11 re.o.c.0.111~

.

\

_ s _a t_u_rd_a_y_, _S_e_p_ te_m_b_e_r _2_5_tl_ 1 ._19_1..::..5_. _ __.'._r__:H-= E_:_I~R_::_:i:_::S:_:H: _VO LU NTEE R.

-.

Tracton , where they ani1-ed at 4.-30 a. m. ·Tea was scn·cd uut J1crc tu ~uc:h :1s 1ri,\1cll, :uHI tlic

I

m~p

slept for two hours in the barn of Mr. Lynch (brother of Mr. Dia~muicl Lynch, G. L. Envoy) . The bugle went at 7, and all rose to make the ir own breakfasts. Mass was heard at Minane, and meet ings were held at Min ane and ~ohoval, after which dinner was enjoyed at Mr. Lynch's, vegetables. being kindly supplied by the host. The march home began at 5 o'clock, _anci H eadquarters were reached at 9-15 . Sinn Fein weather favoured the marcj1, which was tb~roughly enjoyed, onl y one member falling o ut on the journey . The i'orps wePe under the comma nd _o f the Ad ju tant, Captain Dai thi De Barri, and Captains P .

The experience at . Cottes and Scanlan. bi.vouacing and cooking was appreciated i)y the men, who will be able to i mprm·e on their rfreparations for such in f u tur _- The men are . . to be congratulated on the manner in which they carried out such a heavy clay's programme . ii nd the example which they showed to the, people of the cl i.stricts Yi s ited in discipline and ,;tamina in undergoing such a gruelling march fo r the s~.ke of Caitl .in ::\ i. Houliacain .

T_H_E_s_P_A_R_K_.__

Diary of the Athl~~~ Camp. . .

spark , and at any moment it may become a flam e .

-Your chance to secure one of my f a mous Cycles, a ll p1'ices red uced . Repairs to Cycles, Moto rs, Strn:ill Cars, etc., at D. T . O'Sull iYan's Cycle and' Motor Cycle Garage, Cook Street, Cork.

DRAWING FOR MODEL OF

0 ,'SULLIVAN BEAR.E'S . FORT POSTPONED UNTIL M()NDAY, 18th OCTOBER, 1915.

All Blocks a'fld Cash to be returned as soon as possible

10

C APT . O'SULLIVAN, 41 PARNELL SQUARE.

KEEP OUT THE FOREIGNER. Everything manufactured from Home Grown Material at

FALLON'S EQUIPMENT FACTORY, 8 Mary Street , DUBLIN, G rey G reen Irish U ni forms ha.vi no buttons with Iri sh Harp, 24/6 "' .

Officers' Sam Brown B elts, 18/ 6, Imitation · Sam Brown Belts, 5/6.

P.istol Holsters (new), 2/3 each, .

Sergeant's Stripes, 2d, and ·4d. each, .

F ive Poc],zet Leather Bandoliers, 4/1 r. · Belts, with Harp Buckles, 1/ 6, r/ro, and 3/3.

Puttees, 2/ 3, 2/1 r, and 3/ 6.

-Haversacks, r /-,_ r/6, and .2/-. · · Caps, 2/-, 3/-, and 3/6. , Rifle Slings, r/ 6.

Frogs, l rd .

· "'

lougb , fillin g · the interval Ye ry pleas:rntly .

Stre11uuus 11·ork '"''s· noc to begin Li J l Lo-morrow.

After dinner, anothe r "dismi ss "-boatino thi s b t ime . Two boatfuls of the ·boys · we~e off over the splendid reaches of . the lough. A couple were crowcled out of the boats, but ther. had · the fi rst essentia l of the Vol unteer resource ' and they were soon ·happily employed . They found their pleas me' by showino- two charmin o"' b girls the sights of the lough through the ir field- . glasses-and the inevitable walk followed !

When they returned later, all we~e happy, each .of the boys wear ing a flower- the badge of conquest. Sci training is not all. roughi.ngAfter tea; the b ut this was onl y Sunday . whole company was in the height of satis.f act ion, \Yanting one thing only- music. But it was very hard to get a star t. A bright tho ught' struck one who knew t he effect of mar chi ngget us on the march anci the song would come.

An officer \yas pitched on, the men got into l ine, ·and out op the road we went; and in a short time the shores of the lough .w ere echo in n~ "' to many a hearty choni.s . · We struck the lough at Coosan J'oint, singing with great gusto, . "The West's Asleep;" _the most app.ropr iate song, seei ng we w.ere act uall y bound f or Aughrim's slope, and_were now encamped " by Shannon's wave ." Back again to camp , sti ll sin g ing, where the example was infectio us .

The whole camp was soon choin bo- to the chorus; a nd so the clay closed . Roll-call a\ 9-30 p .m. ; gtiarcls mounted ::it 1 o o'clock ; lights o ut and s ilence io-30 p .m . And the

Sunday, September 5--Qn the stroke of 6 o'clock a.m . R eYe i\J e was soun cled, ' ancl the Volunteers were on the alert . We woke to hea.r that the guards had been reinforced ancl that two pol.ice had J.::ept a weary vigil bel)incl the hedge through the watches of the ni b<Ybt . .

Poor fellows !- but ~ don't believe it. They only arrived on the heel of the dark- I hope soon enough. to watch the ti.nu.sual sight o f a . number of hardy Volunteers having a morning cl ip in the lough . After a wash breakfast wds ser ved, and es patched with the ex peel it ion of 1· ig il, ?f tl1e watch began .

Thu s we prepared for a very strenuoi.1s wcel:. healthy a nd. hearty appe tites . Then we bo·ot (To be continued .) o ur first insight into camp discipline . We all TERENCE J. MAcSwINEY. have a good notion of the mess a field is left in when a picnic party has fed in it : we were to learn now how it should left. · We were formed up to clear the "breakfast table " . which , like our bed, was also generous Moth~r -------~ Ea~th . Dressing at interrnls, we were marcbecl When an irregular army come.s to blows with in line across the field to clear all waste,- having <i regltl a.one, its operation s, at any rate d urto 'pick up even such things as half a match or a crumb of bread- we \.Yere as thorough as ing the earlie r stage s-of the conflict, ~-ill con-.

1 the Hun s; and when that "table" was cleared s ist principally of delaying actions, sma ll 1 no one would have belie,·ed a con:ipany of ra ids, a ncl small ambushes . To stanl up- · to . .

I Vo] unteers had breakfasted there . ~ext order the regulars in line of bat tle before they had was to stow tents and make up kits, after which begun to get s:easoned would be fatal. Srna 11 we were formed up and marched to town to companies between 30 a nd 60 stron g ,can easily · Mass . Mass was at To o'clock . There was practise these minor actions by tl-lemselves . no time to Jose , a t1 d we got plenty of doubling. The methods set forth here w·ere used · with The Captain is nev·e r so happy as when he has great s.uccess ~n the sum iner c_amps.

The Company' Commander si;ould act as a genuine rea.s on for mak ing the boys double, a nd we- doubl ed to his sat i sfac~ i o n. Though urnpire . H e should be mounted, so as to be one of us says it , we made a good impression able to go from one foroe to the other quickly. on the town. '0/e bad bee n told it was none H e should divide the company' into two u ntoo fri.endly, but not an unfriend ly eye re- equal parts, the smaller to act on the -defence ive d us- and how could it be <?ther w·ise, wheu· sive . (Tl'.e better the pos ition the fewer me n our strapping boys in tl1ejr jackets green came will be req uired to hold 'it .) SeYeral types of in perfect order and at the double into Mass . delaying actions may now be tried . ( 1) A small forre of cycl i.sts is p rotectin g Afte r :ill, c1·en o ur ci:it ics get a secret snt ishct ion frnm seeing the clisciplinc, comp<"l~ n cc, the rear of n. retre;1t in g forre o f irregul ar ina nd conlidcnc of our l.ri sh Voluntee r.-; : for fantry. Their tas], is to hnkl up t.he adv:rnre tliey at lea.st are" a sure 1ine of defence. ·Mass g ua rd of the -e nemy (infa n try) f or n. certain bei ng over, we were marched hack to ramp , spcrif1ed t ime. The object of th<' other side is a nd got a " dismiss" till dinner hour, 2 o'clock. to an ni hilate or break through the cycli st force T he boys, hot from cl~ublin g, had thoughts of within that time_ . The cyclists will endeavour, a strenuou,s day, even though Sunday, a.ncl by al tern a.tel y halting in good positions whe;1ce were delighted at the unexpected " clismis·s ." they can inflict loss on the ene my, arid retirin g The weather had got gloriously fine, and ver y back to other positions, to demoralise a nd dehot to boot, and in a thrice a nu mber of the lay their pursuers. · The infantry must seek Volunteers \Ve1:e clispo~·t ing themselves i.J.1 the out the e1~emy 's posilion,s by rne..ans of scouts

J

We recommend our re aders to procur~ a copy of the . first volume of "Tbe Spark," a tiny paper· which has a.ppearecl weekly in Dublin since the suppi-es.sion of larger period icals bv the Horne Rule Government in the interes t of the Small },iationalities. The Editor of " The Spark" p refers to hide his identity under the name of _"Edward D al ton," whose articles a nd those of his .staff have clone much to bring home to our green people the realities of the gove rn ment system with \,hich we are blessed . " The Spa r;z " is one of the " rags " which our subl ime leader perioclicallx d isowns on th~ fl oor of the H ouse. W e 012ine he .fin els a sting in it. Likewise it _ is d ifficult to extingui sh a

I

Volunteers coming to join the Camp at Athlon e reached the town by d ifferent lines on Saturday night, the 4th September, when we were met. by Captain O'Connell and Quartermaster Burke. About 7-30 p.m. we formed up and march<:d off to the camp.i ng ground, near Coosa·n, on the shores of Lough R ee , about two miles from Athl'one . The tents were p itched in a field of Mrs. Blayney, and the hour bein g then late, te a was ser ved in the house of our good hostess with native Ir.i sh hospitality . It was .s oon despatched . Guards for the night were set, and we turned i;1- it was about rr o'clock p.m . Orders were given, "Lights out- 11 -30 p .m . Silence 12 o'clock ."

Abel in a short time most of us were for the first time sleeping soundly on the breast of Mother Earth, and our life in camp had begu n.

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Sham Fights for Small Forces.

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6

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER .

Saturday, September 25 th, 19 15.

Ri glit <it the o ullircak uf the 1r;1 r 1Jd11«.:c11 (wliu in actual praclicc at .the camp~ 11·crc t he 111 i11i1ou111 uf luss. Or .the third rcquire111c1H genern ll y foun d to be to slO\r nnd cau ti ou ~, may not be made, and it might be me rel y l<.u ssia a nd .'\.ustri a. tbe l! kraini a ns of Easte rn thmeby delaying the adva nce much more tha;1 necessa.ry to occupy the p lace fo r a certa in Galicia a nd the Bukovina. saw in. front of them armed fight for independthe enemy . could) , and then drirn them out or tip1e befo re the a rri 1·a l of the enemy. As ha s the prospect of been said in ' thee e nce . pages before, a raider·s fate That a rea' of u kraini a n te rrito ry o utfl a n\ them. The la tter is often the best 1.iecam the pr in cipal theatre of 1rar. The course, as the infan try ha1·e the adrn ntage of doesn"t ma.tte r when his task is -clone . aked 111 blood, wa s knowing that cyclists camzot 111ove far from t!te Opportunities for a mbushes constantly ari se . Austri an "Ckraine, road for fear of being eparated from thei r It should be a rranged for one part y to make occup ied by the Ru sia n troops. The natio na l machines . When time i up the n1en should for a certain point, whil e the other is to am- idea, now ripe nin g to fr ui t, ga1·e d irectio n 1to be whistled in, and a cleci ion given. It is a bush them on the wa y. The ma r bing pa rty the thoughts of the lJ krain ian people. The good thi ng to allow a certain amount of dis- should send its scouts 1~·ell ahead, so that the ir Ruthen ia ns knew that Rus ia wa s wagin.g war , cuss'ion on the points illustrated, caution will not (as we h a1·e often seen happe n) not for the liberation of peoples, but for the (2) A force of infantry is protect ing the rea r 1oeduce its progress lo a ·na il pace. It i.s im- possess ion f Gali cia in order to smother the of a re treating irregular for e.

Tl;ey are poss ible to lay clown any rules for a mbushes, U kraini an moveme nt and p ut a n end or1ce anrl p ursued by a sli ghtly stropger force of cycl ists . but the commander shoul d see that it is no t for a ll to the ukrainia n danger.

As soon as war ·was decla red ;11 the In this case the defenders cannot easil y starnl poss ible fo r his own men to fire into each oth r. a nd retreat alternately in a body, and houl d For insta nce, they shoul d not be a rran ged on Ukraini an part ies rn Galic ia organi sed a do so by alternate halves, thirds, or q ua rters, both side of the road in parallel lines . ::\' ational Committee . Thi s Committee united A few wor ls to scouts to wind up with :o ne division retreating whil e the others hold all their efforts towards one great encl, the off the enemy . In this case al o the enemy Yo u a re sent out as a protection to your own a rming of the "Ckra,inian popul a tio n. Thus is the more mobile force, a nd by using side force and to locate the enemy. Therefore . was forme l the ·l.Jkraini a n Volunteer Legion , a nd back-1:oads should try to surround and cut exercise all d ue caution, but remember that it a nd a new e ra dawned for the Ukraine. And off the defenders . The la tte r should keep a is better to get k illed in finding the enemy 1·han no w the peop le have hopes of an indepe;1de nt to come back without find ing him. .reserve in hand to counteract this.

Besides, na tional life, no longer an instrument in the (3) A snfa ll force of infantry p ro tecting the in ' mancemT s, over-cautio n causes delay . hands of foreigners . The idea of an inrlcrear of a retreating force is p ursued by a pend ent state, ho we Ye r theore ti ca l it be, sc · ms Yo u~ object is to locate the enemy, not hi s , superior force of infantry. H e re both sides .· out. . In ma nceuvres, if you see an enemy transfom1ed into rea lity. All parties a nrl all a re equally mobile o r immobile, a nd the fight scout, let him pass . D on't bold up the whol e classes a re united in it. na me . The grc;it re olve.~ itself itno a st ru ggle between good action while you argt:e which of you has cap- sacrifi ces the 'Ukrainian Leg ion is makin g in ground and good cover. I t will probably be tured which , a nd if he is foo1 enough to yi eld the war ha1·e fired the imag ination of the fo und easier for the attackers to t urn than to to you · don't leave off your scoutin g tp lead Rutheni-ans, and give11 them the necessa ry p ierce the defending line . . him off in triumph to your com mander.

In force and faith.

Whatever be the actual Other va riet ies of act ion m·ay be sugges ted action, if h e is far a way, leaYe him al one; if changes the issue of thi s war may bring, the by the n ature of the ground an d the strength he is close a t ha nd, bayonet him.

D on't be fact that the ma.) ·es of the people have take n and conditio n of the company . There a re one squeamish about this. H e'd do the same for part in the armecLst ru rrgle will mean a certain or two gen~ral points to notice : you. adva nce of the politi ca l idea, and 1rill influence , (r) The difficulty of p iercin g the defenders' the nat ion:t l psyrhology fo r a 11 time.

The o rga ni sa tion of the milita ry forces of line . Volu nteer comm anders of all grades the "Ckr:iin ia ns · in Eastern Galicia and the seem to 11a1·e a fon dness for thi s cost1 y 111 thod , of a ttack . Especial! y in close .country , the y Nort hern Buko1·ina in Au gu "t, i9 c.+, fell to will find it easier to turn one or other of th e .____________________ th r ifle cl ubs a nd scouting an d gy mna sti r flanks.

Irela nd is not the only sub ject na tio nali ty soc i.eties. These soc ie ti es of-'' Sitchovi-str il tzi ,.

(2) The importance of counter-attacking on that has o rga ni sed ancT eriu ipped a Voluntee r .in their turn ch e w their strength from the olde r the part of the defende rs. Noth ing clebys the · force . The l! kra ini a ns orGa li ci.-i, o r ::is the y gymnast ic societ ies, [ire-bri gades a nd mut ual enemy"s advance so mu h as this. N matt\:r arc sometimes called, the Ru th nia ns, hnYe airl · as:ociations, the "Sitch" and " Sobl."' how small hi s force, a commande r should kec·p the ir Volunteer body, and as an indepe nde nt A t the beg in n ing of the \rar · Lhe hi gher ~ small local reserve or rese rves in hand' for help of its unit the ·c krnini an Vol unteer Leg ion bas '\'"ational Counc il , with th this p urpose . playecl a remarkable pa rt in the fie rce fighting orga ni sers a nd its special committee, un de r(3) The importance · to both sides .o f a on the ea.. tern front in the present war . An took the equipm6 1t of the na tio nal a rmi e . The General R esen-e. W e have ofte n observed a n interesti ng accoun t of its orig in and ca mpa ign, circumsta nces were eYerything bu t favourab le ; a ttack fail at the las t mome nt fo r lack of men 11·h ich ca nnot fail to be interest ing and the official mob \l isat ion, the lack of means , I to carry it out with. The firing line, exhauster] in st ructi rn for Iri sh Voh111teers, is g iw n in the insuffi r ient· pi·eparntion, and finally tJie eq ui1·0and thinned by its efforts, requires a fresh in- R evue Ukra11ie1me for Au gust . c:1l a ttitude of the I'oles nnd the loca l a ncl fusion of strength at, the point of assault The possibili ty of the attack fail ing requires the presence of reserves to prevent defeat becoming disaster. Similar! y the defend ers requ.ire n Reserve to take t he offensive with ~ft~r the failure of a n attack, or to come to · the rescue if a flank i.s turned o r the line p ierced .

Small raids can eas il y be practi sed . Let a road o r a. villa ge be the objective, an 1 let it be p rotected by a sma.H patrol o r gn rri son of infan!Ty o r ryr li sts, and aHackecl by a la rgn hndy o( the same . Th ra\dcrs, of cour~e . should haYe a time l imit .set to their task, their ohject• being to destroy the l;atrol o r ga rri so n

an

I

within tha t time.

Anothe r type of raid to p ractise is when a lo ng road o r stretch of countr y is defended by a fairly strong force, and the object of the raiders, a small bcdy this· time, is to strike the 1-ine .a t any point, spend a short time there (to represent time requi red to cut telegraph wires or do other dan\age), and ge\ a way with

The Ukrainian Volunteers

I

T HE G ALTEE CAMP.

TH E. IRISH VOLUNTEER

Saturday, September 25th, 1915.

/

central authorities, all went LO hinder t.lieir <tcL ivitico . The flood of Russ.ian troops, too, spreading terror amongst the frontier pop ulation, was another obstacle. In ·pite of all, within ten · days Galicia was literally co.1·ered with recruiting centres. From e1·ery quarter came masses of enthusiastic Volunteers, in.eluding not only tbe ed ucated classes, but the midd le classes as well ,. and above all the working classes . At the end of August the cn l.istcd .Volun tee rs n~nn b ere d 30,000 men. I ll fa ·c of such a number the organisers wen.: laken unawares . But now the goYernment intervened and took then: in charge. Lemberg 1rn their training cari1p, and when Lemberg fell the Ukrainian Volunteers· were sent to the Stryi, where their military instruction was con tinued . ' The Legion was sworn in on September 3, and sent to the Carpathians, near Munkacz. At the end of the month it received it baptism of fire . About the same time another body of mountain rifles, " H outzoulski stril tzi,'' was • orgapised at Cclatyne in the Bukovina, and .it too bas uecome a popular force.

The ·Ukrainian Legion has sought and been given very important sen·iq:'s at the front. In the battles in the Carpathians, at Makiwb, K.oby la,' Rojanka, Kloutch, etc., the legionar ies have disting uished themselves by their ·~curage, their daring and their endurance.

By their military qualities of the fi.rst order they ba1·e won the confidence and praise of the high command, the affection 'of their brothers in arms, and the extraordinary sympathy of the Their great military sprnt and people. achievements ha,·e revived the glory of the Zaparog Cossacks, who fo-r centuries defended Europe against the Asiatic hordes and fought for the freedom of the Ukraine.

The Legion i organised on the model · f the Austrian. army, but its internal tnanagement and order, the designation of its sections, the language of command, and its flag remain the same a with the Cossacks f old. ·rhe con1mand is made up, in the main, of national officer of the Austrian reserve. The commander-in-chief is H alouchtchin ·ky, principal of the Ukrainian lycee at Rohatyne , and an - a rdent patriot as well as an organiser of great ability.

An interesting 'feat ure in the Legion is the presence of young women and boys still in their teens. Amongst the former are MHe. Helene Stcp<mi vna aml Mll e.

Sophie l\Ltlctchko, who have been decorated with medals for con ·picuous merit and raised to the rank of officers. Amongst the youths is one, Lazar Melnitchouk, fifteen years- of age, who ] ibcratccl a bundred prisoners and captured a Russian officer in his native village.

LARKIN'S LITTLE '

SHOP

-

for Btg · Value In Chandlery, TobaCCOSt -~igarettes, &c.

.···L :: '-.

IRISH GOODS A SP~CIA,LITY.

WEXFORD

The · Ukrainian Vol unteer Legion bas not instead . TbL: British employer rnm;t pay his onJ y played a distinguished role in the fighting penny just the same as the Irish emp loyer. that ]Jrececled the Russian retreat from tbe \i\Tbat could be Lurer? What · could be more Carpathians, but it has born\' ·a willing share just? You can see that the Treasury Official in the liberation of Galicia. It is an• inde- has absol utely nothing up his ;,'leeve ! R esult pendent unit, and wi.11 be in a position to ' - :\umber of insured persons in Great Britain, ·s trenrr tben the national demands of the '12,030,000- British employer pays £ 24,000; "' Ukrainian p ople, and ba.ck up its demands number of insured persons in Ireland, 730 ,000 with Yery' effecti1·e arguments at the making of - Irish employer pays £18,000.

The.B riti sh employer pays the one-hundredth c. UA s. peace. part of a peuny per each insured · person iri Great Britain; the lrish employer pap; the four-SeYenths of a penny per each insured !he Stra=.Showing How person in Ireland. the Wind · Bl~ws . £ 1 8,ooo i a 1·ery small sum compared to ..................................................... £400,000 ,000 of a War T a:x,; but £ 4oo,ooo,ooo is m;i.de up of a nurn \Jer of A COOL PROPOSAL TO TAX IRISH eio-hteen thousand pound items, and if each of EMPLOYERS . "' Sir, - Under the "~ational " Insurance these is about -to be di1·ided in the same ratio Act the State comes to the relief of the _low between Great Britain and Irelana, the prowage-earner--viz., the worker ~vho ·earns less spect before the Irish taxpayer is a very cheerthan 2 / 6 per day-:-by allowing him to pay for ful one indeed.

STREET, . DUB·LIN. · · ·· ' ' ·

· ·-·------------""'!".---

I

I

1

DON'T FORGET

I -

insurance purposes a penny per week less than the worker who earns a "living wage," the State paying over this I'.enny on his . behalf to the soci.ety to which be belongs .

Under this arrangement £42,000 per year is paid by the Exchequer on behalf of all insured persons, me n and wome n, in Great Britain and I reland .

Out of this · sutn Ireland receives £1 8,000 per year, as this country contains a far larger proportion of poorly-paid workers, especially among the women, than any other part of the ~o-called United Kingdom.

It is now an open secret that the Government are ~lbout to amend the Insurance Act so as to relieve the State of this grant in aid of the low wage-earner, and. to compel the employer to pay it instead ! If this proposal is carried into effect it would impose an · altogether unjustifiable additional burden on the Irish taxpayer, a burden completely out of proportion both to the taxable capacity of Ireland and to its iriclustrial status.

The rel ief hitherto given to the British Worker by this low wage grant bas been almost negligible. The combined insured population of England, Wales, and Scotla:ncl is about 12,030,000, of whom the vast majority are paid a t the rate of on:_r 2 / 6 per day . As a · consequence, the State only pay · £24,000 per year in low wage pennies in Tespect of these twehe millions of workers.

In Ireland the total insured pop ulation is less than 730,000, lmt so large a proportion is engaged in poorlypaicl occupations that the relief gi,·en by tbe State amounts ·to £18,000. The proposal to make the .s truggling Irish employers pay £18 ,000 additional for -730 ,000 workers while the rich and prosperous British employers are let off with £24,000 for over twelve million worke1:s is another typical ex~rnple of the manner in which the British GoYernment impo ..es a monst rously unjust load of taxation on Ireland under th~ guise of l~erfect equal"ity of tr atment.

If the Irishman protests he can be told that he has nothinu- to compla in of, as Irish insured ~

persons and employers .are treated in exactly the same way as British insured persons and employers. Hitherto the State has paid a penny per week for every 10w wage earner, whether British or Irish, and all it proposes fo ' · do is to ask the employer to pay this pem;1y

I am, sir, Your obedient sen-ant,

.'

WIDE AWAKE.

I

Classes for Irish Spe,ake..::._I

In adchti,on to the classes for beginners, which are a spe ial feature of the v~ork of the Dublin College of Modern Irish., 20 Kildare Street, there are advanced classes and litoerature classes which can be attended with profit

by Irish speakers . F:i.ther O'Nolan, H ead Master, will -co11duct adYanced classes in grammar and compos ition. "Toma :' will continu~ his lectures on Iri h Literary Hi tory, and Mr. O'Rahilly will hold two classes for the stucl)1 of Modern Ir ish Literature. In the less arhanced clas ·, which is intended to supple.ment the course for the College Certificate, the students will read such texts as Guth na mHard, and Eaclttra Lomnoclttain . The work ·of the more advanced cl.ass is intended as an introcluctiou to the Literature of Modern Irish.

It. will include the read ing of p rinted texts from MS. sources and their re-collation with the originals, the study of MS. contractions, and a review of Irish ,Literature from about ~\.D. J6oo down to the Famine, with especial reference to tbat hrgc portion uf it which r.s stil l uupubli shed .

I

__________________,_,,____ ..._89!!

Groups!

Groups ! Groups!

KEOGH BROS., Ltd.,

I

Lower

Dors~.t

Street, Dublin.

Phone 2902.

· ·

COV~RS, SACKS, For Sale or H ire 'on Best T erms.

WATERPROOF

TENT COVERING, &c.

COLEMAN!IS!I ,25, 26, 27 CHANCERY STREET (Back of Four Courts), DUBLIN.

.. '

THE IRiSH VOLUNTEER.

8

Ireland and the War .

Read that you may know.

Mn. D. Mccuuouc~ VOLUNT.EER SAUCE. Ask foI'

begs to intim ate to his' friends and customers tli.at business is proceeding as usual, tha.t a11 orders for .

L ife of Rossa . " De~n Swift on th~ Situation.

D:a·niel : o • com~ell and Sinn Fein (O'Conne!Fs Alternative).

Daniel O"Connell and Sinn Fein (How Ireland is Phmdered).

A~c_cnclcncy While You Wait. (Ne wmall .)

What Emmet :Means in I915. \Newman.)

Shall Ireland be Divided?

Why Ireland is Poor. , How the War Carne.

The Spanish.War. (Wolfe Tone.)

When the Government Publishes Sedition .

(Griffith.)

Persia, Finl_a nd and the Russian Alliance.

Speech from the Dock. (Skeffin gton.)

Belgium and the Scrap of Paper.

Secret History of the Irish Volunteers.

(O'Rahilly.)

By ,Post, 1,Yz d.

PRICE . ONE PENNY. Dozen Lots POST

FREE.

48 Copies sent post free for 3 ; ...

PIANOS, . PIP-ES, ::. :: MUSIC an:d TUNINGS

1

shall have · the .same . car~ful an·d prompt attention as formerly.

D. M°CULLOUQH 8

JAMl;S LENNON

Telephone .3831.

CITY CLUB CIGARETTES.

10 for 3d.

Castle Street · and Chapel ·Lane,

P. 'CONWAY 81. CO., TOBACCONISTS,

31 Exchequer Street a11d IOa Aungier Street Established 1894.

BELFAST. Everyone should read "The Jail Journal, " "New Ireland," "Speeches from the Dock," 1/- eaoh; by post, 1/2.

All National P ublieations Stocked.

Prayer Books and ()objects of Devotion at lowes.t prices.

VISITORS TO !BELFAST SHOULD INSPECT OUR STOCK.

JOHN DALY'S BAKERIES, AND

LIMERICK.

Post Free, 6d.

All Classes of FEEDING STUFFS Stocked.

WHELAN & SON,

GAELS- \Vhere to get your News, Stationery, Cigarettes, General Fancy Goods, .etc., etc.- ·

· ,17 Upper Ormond Quay, DUBUN.

Ring Irish· College.

If you want to learn Irish· If you want to' get a thorough grip of the Language in the shortest possible timelf you want a happy, healthy holiday

0 Faolain, 35 LOWER DORSET SJ'REET.

TREASON ! · ·

-

LOUGHLIN'S IRISH OUTFITTING FAIR PRICES.

IRISH OUTFITTING HEADQUARTERS, 19 Parliament Street, DUBLIN • .

0 ·~o~s~ l~!?g~~.~~~~~\ JOHN A. O'CONNELL,

Telephone 222.

1 ·l

Sculptor,

VERY SPECIAL attention is given te conversation.

Beginners ha.ve a special tutor always with them.

ST~EET,

KING

SPLENDID ACCOMMODATION.

CORK.

Monuments, Headstones, etc.

p.&Dn-0.15 o c-0.ut-0..

RING, DUNGARVAN,

cq.

" Everything that is not Irish must be Foreign,"

WATERFORD.

We al'e an exclusively "IRISH FIRM" . employing only IRISH LABOUR. All garm ents made to order in our own · workshops.'

EXTENSIVE STOCK to select from, bought fur CASH from best IRl~H MANUFACTURERS.

SUITS, 42/· to 84/·.

1 ~~~;: ~1:,~s~ CASH TAILORING

CO.

(John Neligan, Manager), \ 4 CAPEL STREET, DUBLIN, and 50 Upper George's St., Ki~gstown.

Miss ·E. MacHugh, . · ~ 63" Talbot

S~reet,

DUBLIN.

Lucania.

Pierce. Swift. Rudge. B.S.A. New Bicycles. Cash. Easy Payments.

Repairs. Accessories. Second-hand Bicycles from. 15/-. Prams. and Gramophones Repaired.

. GLEESON &.co.,·IRIS~N~~.oos Irish Volunteer Tailors and Drapers, 11 UPPER O'CONNELL S,TREET, DUBLIN

LUCANIA OYGi..ES ARf:: l\'IADE IN IRELAND. Best Terms (Cash Only) from

"OOtiln-0.tt U-0. bU-O.C-<\lt-0., I ,murs nu.6.'0A'O. DO YOU FEEL WEAK, DEPRESSED, or RUN DOWN? CAHI LL'S AROMATIC Q UINfNE AND IRON TONIC will tone you up, steady your nerves, improve For summer your appetite, enrich your blood. lassitude, for Neuralgia, try a bottle ls. and 2s. ; postage 4d. Made only by ARTH.UR J. CAHILL, The National Chemist, 82A Lower Dorset St., Dublin.

USE

"Green Cross Night Lights~" :MADE IN IRELAND.

l.

can give hest value i!Q Irt:lan<l in Ra:i:ors. Try my Special 2/6 Razor.

Money refunde d if not satisfied.

f

• .-

\

j~QJ~diLA~:nd ;;1::;,~::r.~~ ~T

If you want DRY FEET and PERFECT FIT -

PROSPECTUS ON APPLICATION TO

It is treason for Irishmcf• to buy .the Foreign Article and neglect Irish Industries.

is better than the Foreign Shirts,· Hosiery, Gloves, Braces, Hats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc.

ALL IRISH.

1

RING IS YOUR , PLACE. Teachers. Its teaching method::s are renowned.

Ulster's Leading Nationa!ist Bookseller and Newsagent,°

TRY THEM.

War Humour and Other Atrocities,

Riug is the best place for

S. C. ROAD, DUBLIN. Irish Volunteers should support

~ELFAST •.

·Sarsfield Street,

TEACHERS.

TWIN:EM __BR.O S.,

HOWARD STREET,

l/• per 100 copies.

1915.

•

. Manufactured by .

26 William Street

" VIVE VIVIANI " !-Famous leaflet dealing with the recent Irish Deputation to France, also "The Felon-setter," "The Great Delusion ," "Belgian Stackpoole," a nd "Exit Home Rule,"

1ot-Scot TI.(). mum.6.n 1 Rmn 6 5Ct1.6.TI.6.C

Saturday, September 25th, i915.

TRY -

LAHEEN,

Bootmaker,

· 115 Emmet Road, Inchicore, 22 Stoneybatter and 23 Bishop Street.

REPAP S Neatly Executed at MODERATE CHARGES

J

J. WAlSH, T.C., (OF CORK),

begs to intimate to his numerous Volunteer friends that he has opened a magnificent Tobacco, Chocolate, Sweets, and N ew5 Emporium in Dublin at the corner of Blessington and Berkeley Streets.

Irish . goods a speciality .

VOLUNTEERS ! Send your COLLARS, SHIRTS, etc., to THE NATI01'IAL LAUr~DRY, 60 South William Street, DUBLIN• Suns and

UNIFORMS CLEANED and l"RESSED - IN Two DAYS.

Irish Made Shirts, Caps, Poplin Ties; · , Collars, Hosiery, &c.

THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIMERICK.

p~'Otto.rs

O 11--0.ttmun.&m, Draper 1

10 WILLIAM STREET, LIMERICK. Printed for the Proprietors at the Nerthgate Printing Works, Belfast, and pui:>lisbed at the Volunteer .

He~dr:n:irti" r'. 2 n~w~ nn Str '

et. Dnhlin.