THE
EDITED BY EOIN MAC NEILL. Vol. 2.
No. 58 (New Series).
SATURDAY, JANUARY 15th, 1916.
·PRICE ONE PENNY •.·
IRELAND'S Increase of Annual Imperial Charge ~8,830,000. _ On January 4th MR. GINNELL aske_d the Chancellor of the Exchequer if he will now state the estimated annual increase under each head of t'axation, with the total increase in the taxation of Ifeland under the Finance (No. 3) Bill of this Session, compared with the taxation of Ireland under those heads, and the total, in the last completeq pre-war financial year ? · · ' MR. McKENN.A.: The following figures (which must· be regarded as prov.isio~al oniy) will answer the hon . . Member's question:ESTIMATED CONTRIBUTION OF IRELAN-D TO INLAND REVENUE. Estimated total yield m a " Full Year " (including normal increases and the Estimated total yield. increases under the Fiin last pre-war year · nance Act, 1914), the (1~13-14). Finance Act, 1914 (Session 2), and the Finance (No. 3) Bill, 1915.
Income Tax and Super Tax Excess Profits Di1ty .. . Excess Mineral Rights Duty ... 'l'otal Inland Revenue
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... ...
,
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£1,480,000
£ 4,797,000 690,000 £5,487,000
-£_2, 134,000 ''.
£2,942,000
£6,822,000
£2,134,000 ,.,.
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£ 1,480,000 -
Estimated yield .of . additional taxation in a " Full Year " due· to F-i nahce (No . . 3) Bi}l, 1915.
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1,44~,ooo
690;000 . •
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,, ESTIMATED CO.NTRIBUTION OF IRELAND TO CUSTOMS AND EXCISE TAXAT~O~. ··· · '. ' . fl ·£ £ . ---.-; 2,16_ 0,000 ._:.;;· : 2,338,000 ... pirits .. . ... ... .. . ... -. s 2,350,00~ 1,041,000 ... ... ... ... B eer ... ... -· . ' ,....' 60,000 . ' . 81,000 ... .. . w Ille ... ... .. . .. . ; 420,bOO :·'"· 1,340,000 . 606,000. T ea .. . ... ... ... .. . .·.. .. ·' 2s·, 001r ;·· 7.0,000 ' 32,000 .. . ... ... ... . .. cocoa .. . .. "' 7,000 ·· ,,, 22,000 13,000 . ... ... ... ... , co:ffee and Chicory ... 1,332,000 303,000 1,058,000 ·i" ... .. . .. . .. . ... sugar, etc. ... 47,000 - 10,poo .. . . 49,000 D ried Fruits ... ... ... ... . .. 2,780,000 ' 820,000 · .. · 1,869,000 T obacco ... ... .. . ... ... . 77,000 27,000 Motor Spirit ... ... ... .. . ... .. 38~~0~ 283,000 - · 309,000 L icences and Club Duty ... ... ... .. . p atent Medicines and Pla.y ing Cards 16,000 10,000 :7,000 :-:., ... .. . ... I mported Motbr Cars, etc., Cinema Films, Clocks, and 90 000.' ;,__ 90,000 Watches and Musical Instruments ... ... . ~ ~,\ --~~l : ~:.-. 8,000 7,000 0 th er Items ... ... ... ... - .. . t £2,475000 . £10,635,000 Totnl Customs and Excise ... £6,685,000 ... ... - .~. ~:~ ' 8 "~! ' ~1'."'~ Aggregate Total .. . ... .. . £17.457,0~ ... £9,627,000 _£4r~O~~g~i 1£ \
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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
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sterling per annum for every man, woman and child in Ireland, including . Lord l veagh and the most destitute and derelict orphan in the streets.
Saturday, January 15th, 1916. 'l'he British Premi'er';- nearly two years ago, broke his . treaty with M:r . Red:. mond and w~nt back on his pledge of Home Rule: embodied in his Hbme Rule Bill. Of course he did so with pain and sorrow ' and so on . witk equal · searching of his soul, he h~s obeyed the demands of the· whole ·re: actionary party in England and· has become a Conscriptionist. Mr. Balfour, his intimate. friend, has done likewise, and has given th·e reason with ·characteristic cynicism . The Government's Consc:ription proposals, we ·are told·, will really only affect a very small number of_ men. It is a fl.eabite, not worth considering on grounds of principle or making a big stand over it. So Mr. Asquith and all the Whigs have swallowed militarism, introd-uced a revolutionary principle, and are going to force it through, just for the sake of this fleabite, and not at all because they belong to 'the privileged Oligarchy and are glad of the opportunity to get the democracy under military law.
Irish Unionists, -- no - less than Iri~h Will our Member& . of Parliament face Ho~e . Rulers, claim that the realisatfon of their political views is for the good these figures, or have they all ceased to of Ireland. ' The ordinary Unionist, if be representatives of Ireland and become you suggested to him that he took no Tepresentatives of the British Governresponsibility for the welfare of the ment in Ireland at £400 ' a year each? country but was content to be the blind Will Sir Edward Carson face them, will · follower of a faction, would deny the the Belfast '' Newsletter '' face them, charge angrily. The ordinary Home will the "Northern Whig" face them, Ruler of Mr. Redmond'_s following or of will the " Irish Times " face them, and Mr. O'Brien's, if you asked him was he discuss them honestly in the interests content to be a factionist saying Amen of their ·Irish readers? Mr. · Arthur to everything his leader said, right · or Samuels, K.C., is distressed because Irewrong, would tell you warmly that he / land has been dish~noured, because we was nothing of the kind. Now a test has have not received the honour of being come that will prove whether these men compelled into military service by the and their leaders and their organs in the Imperial P arliament. Mr. Samuels used to be greatly distressed abGut Irish Press are for Ireland or for a faction. finance. Are we to suppose that, now • • Some months ago in .this paper I that the Empires have turned the world warned. my readers that Ireland was topsy-turvy, Mr. Samuels finds his prin~ being drawn into a most disastrous finan- ciple~ also turned upside down and finds * * cial_plight. I argued from the Imperial it an honour to be compelled to pay Nine Last summer I told you how I went to ta.xation figures and forecasts · published :Millions of increased taxation? Mr.John . a Volunteer meeting near Pomeroy, Co. under the heading "A Grave Warning," J. Horgan, of Cork; was a champion of Tyrone, how somebody got up a report by the London "Till).es." I calculated Ireland's financial interests in the days ' that the local Hibernians were going to from the forecast by a specialist in t4e before the Sharp Curve; so was Mr. E . A. create trouble, how District-Inspector "Times" that the Imperial scheme of Aston, of Dublin; so was Mr. M.A . Ennis, Banin-gton collected a . lar:ge force of war finance ~eant the imposition of at · of Wexford. The Irish " ·Daily Indepen- armed police and came to see the fun, least four millions sterling of increased dent" prided itself t ill recently on its how the meeting was successful, orderly annual taxation on Irela.n·d for a long vigilant care for Ireland's finan cial welfare and unanimous, how Hibernians -took a period, and I asked people to realise tha.t under the Home Rule proposals,. and never prominent part in it, and how it was fol- . any such permanent increase must be missed a chance to score off Mr. Red- lowed by a conference, which I attended, disastrous to Ireland, in~olving the ruin mond and Mr. Dillon. Messrs . Redmond in the local Hibernian hall (B. 0. E.). of her inqustria1 development, the cessa- and Dillon, for their part, told us that ·whoever it was that wanted and plotted tion of the remedial measures won by the all would be well if we only held our : mischief and failed to bring it off has sacrifices of her people in the past, a.n d tongues, voted confidence, trusted them succe_eded in 'another attem pt in the same the conti1rned depopulation and im- and Mr. Asquith and the British Demo- neighbourhood. A concert was held in a poverishment of the country. I asked cracy. Nine Millions additional taxation, schoolhouse near Carrickmore, in aid of the reader to believe that I was writing and all the spokesmen of our financial- a local Catholic charity. Some Irish pointedly and moderately and in po interests are fallen silent! What price Volunteers took part in the concert alarmist spirit, though the political Silence? arrangements . I should say that, since • * * heads and organs of parties were playing the Pomeroy meeting, I attended a meetThe Income Tax was imposed on Ire- ing ut Carrickmore, where again InspecMumm . • • land by Gladstone. 'l'wo years ago it came tor Barrington and his forces were No one can deny, no one would have to nearly a million and n half. Now the gathered, at the public expense, to witventured to deny two years ago, that an Treasury expects nearly Five Millions of ness an orderly, peaceful, enthusiastic addition · o.f four milions to the- taxation Income Tux from Ireland . Two years and unanimous assembly in the public of Ireland would be ruinous to Ireland . ago the total Inland Revem\e from Ire- street. This was a seco:ad disappointThe most bigotted Unionist \ would not land was under 'l'hree Millions (Trea·s ury ment for Law and Order . Better luck have denied it . · Unionist or Home Ruler, estimate) ; now the Treasury expects next time. Before the Mullaghslin conif you had foretold to them that British nearly Seven Millions. In Customs and cert, the report of intended trouble was statemanship would succeed in manreuvr- Excise the Treasury expects to get about again circulated, and agajn General Barin.g or manipulating them into acquies- Four Millions extra from us. These are rington a.nd his forces were on the spot, cence in such a prospect of oppressive and " the Free Gifts of a Free People." and these guardia-ns of L aw and · Order calamitous taxation, they would have * had the satisfaction of witnessing the laughed in your face . . This week I preAs if this was not enough , Mr. T. W. actual performance about which the resent them with a carefully prepared ac- Russell announces, again in reply to Mr. port was circulated. An organised attack co1int;·not my own alarmist forebodings, Ginnell, that his Department proposes to was made, and the schoolho-qse was not the "grave warning" of the "Times" save £6,000, which will run the war for wrecked. The attacking party, having specialist, but an account drawn up by about two minutes, by starving for a year so far completed the programme drawn the Imperial Treasury and published by if not permanently the most necessary up for them, did not disperse until they the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The work of public expenditure-the training had very fittingly given three cheers for account is based on Treasury calculations of teachers . He "could not state the police. and estimates, and may be considered as whether there was any British precedent * * * favourable to Ireland, as Treasury calcu- for the suspensio.n of these grants ." In Tyrone, Nationalists and Unionists lations and estimates ha".e always been. There is._ Ireland is includ~c;l in the are almost equal in numbers, but this atIt shows ihat the expected perma_nent in- foreign policy of the British Govern- tack on Nationalists was not made by - crease of Irish . taxation is not Four ment, anehn time of war many financial Unionists. According to the Press reMillions but nearly Nine Millions . It is obligations to foreigners have to be sus- ports it was made by Hib'ernians. The an increase. of more than Two Pounds pended. Press reports, however, have been care-
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T HE IRISH
Saturday, January 15th, 1916. fully prepared to create the impression that the Irish Volunteers and the Hibernians are two hostile factions in Tyrone. That is not true . Many of the Hibernians in 'l'yrone are Irish Volunteers, and between the1 two associations there has never been any hostility, despite every secret endeavour to stir up bad blood among the Hibernians against the Volunteers. I see no satisfaction to be got from following up this mad and disgraceful episode . It would have been disgraceful between Nationalists and Unionists. It is ten times more disgraceful,. because even the old foolish feud was not there to palliate it. To the Irish Volunteers of the district I say, make up your minds that you will not be excited over this thing, that you will forgive the authors of it because they are Irishmen and because you refuse to be their enemies-. Hide away their disgrace if you can. Show that you are men, with one cause and only one to fight for, and do not be drawn into any quarrel with any faction. Don't pia.y the enemy's game. · Eorn MAc NEILL
I
AHint ·on the Use ·of Cgc-Hst's.
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'l'he following extract with reference to the tactics of the German cavalry in the wooded districts of northern France eighteen months ago contains . a useful lesson for cyclists in Irel;rnd : "Especially in r ear-gua.rd work the absence · of mounted troops is likely to lead to infantry being intercepted by German machine-guns and smaU bodlies o,f mounted Uhlans, who hang on to a retiring force with great determination. 'rhese Uhla.ns are bold to excess and do a good deal of dismounted work ." Evidently in a country with plenty of . roads an entei·prising cyclist officer could ' do much to demoralise retreating infantry in this way--either by direct pursuit, or by working around the flanks, or by both . He is ~o much more mobile that infantry can never escape him. The hedges in enclosed country screen his cyclists just as well as the woods in Picardy screened the German horsemen. On one Volunteer field-day this method was successfully tried. A retiring infantry detachment was pursued by cyclists and compelled to fight. The infantry beat Q:ff the attack and inflicted heavy loss,but became' im· m-0bilisedi. The result was that the infantry supporting the cyclists were enabled to come up and clinch the ma.tter. In reading the accounts of the flight to Wexford after the storming of Enniscorthy and the subsequent retrea.t from Wexford to Duncannon in 1798, one can- · not help wondering what would have been the fate- of the English troops if the insurgents could dispose of a few score of cyclists to hang on: their rear and compel them to stand to be beaten.
VOLll_NtEER.
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A_IVI_IL_ · _1T_A ___R_v __ c_A_u_s_E_R_1_E___
If you are of a hasty temper and quarrel with somebody, and in tlrn heat of the moment you throw a soda-water bottle at him you will proba.bly do him a serious mJury . If not, it speaks badly for your powers of throwing . The same will ha.p pen even if your adversary wears a military uniform, carries a modern rifle, and is backed up by high-class organisation and commissariat. If he comes within range your bottle will -put hini out of action.
'l'he point of this observation is that no weapon, given suitable conditions, is despicable. The oldest imaginable gun that can be made to shoot will kill a man if the bullet hits him in the right place. A well-directed stone or bottle will certainly put a man out of action. · "But shall we get ·a cha.nee to use them?" you ask. Of course you will . Hand grenades are in constant use· in modern warfare, and you can throw a stone further. Of course a hand grenade does- more- damage, but still a stone does· damage, as ' much as ever it did. A Volunteer officer who had to hold a position would· be guilty of great negligence if, knowing his ammunition supply to be limited, he failed to collect heaps of stones in suitable positions . They would be used to great effect at close quarters . Despise nothing. The Irish countryside is foll of things useful to the soldier. For instance, there is no la.ck of barbed wire which could be ~1sec1 for entanglements, and it. could be supplemented by .. great quantities of ordinary wire. The latter can also be used as a low~wire trip ent anglement on its own account. Ordinary furze or gorse is a formidable obstacle, but brambles are better still. Both can be used to eke out the supply of barbed wire. An abatis is an easily-constructed obstacle. It consists of branches of trees, about 15 feet long, laid on the ground, butts pointing to the rere,all small twigs being removed, and the larger branches being sharpened and interlaced.
cently the defending officer had fixed on a definite plan for the enemy, which the enemy did not employ; but on this occasion the defender discovered his mistake in time. As a rule it is best to decide your general position by the lie of the ground, and not 9ommit yourself to. any very definite arrangement until the enemy's 'intentions are ~ade manifest. Of course, if you can compel the ene~y to any particular line of action against which you are prepared, au the better. But that requires . a. good deal of skill. * '
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Discipline being such an . iinportant point in military training, and ill-discipline being the principal cause of so many Irish defeats, I hope I sha.11 be excused for referring to the matter aga.i n. Direct breaches of discipline are rare in the Volunteers, but indirect breaches are as frequent as in other armies. On fielddays, for · instance, men get out .of hand, and it,is .quite excusable . In the open air and scattered over the country the sense· of discipline is naturally relaxed-. - It is then should keep the strictest .w.atch on oi'irsel~es, so as to 'acqui~e .th~ hab,i t of disci-pline in action, the habit which will. make it seem the natur\11 thing to obey an _ order instantly.
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It is also important that orders be . obeyed as much in the spirit as in the letter. An officer who has doubts about the wisdom of an order he has received should not on that account set about obeying it in a half-hearted way, and thereby making the failure of its object likely. It would be far better to refuse flatly to obey, because then you could be courtmartialled and shot and be out of harm's way.
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A fatal example of this kind 0£ be~ haviour on, the pa.rt of a subordinate oc.: curred at the battle of Gettysburg. Le<:! entrusted the command of the decisive attack to Longstreet, who, not pleased with the plan, and angry that his own alternative had been rejected, delivered the atfack without confidence, having made insufficient preparation for it, and I have often remarked that a character- neglected to support it properly. The reistic of most Volunteer officers' plans of sult was total failure, in spite of the action on manoouvres is that they take gallantry of the attacking divisions. Now for granted a certa.in line of action to be had Longstreet carried out the attack' a.s followed by the enemy, and then set to . originally intended it might or might not work to forestall that. 'rhis is a. bad have succeeded. His doubts on that point thing to do, for it ties one down to a ceT- did not justify him in making failure, a tain position, which the enemy may be certainty . • • * disobliging enough to disregard altoThis is an extreme case, but there are gether . Only when the nature of the plenty of others on the pages of military ground renders more than a single line of history. And ·if some 0£ us search our action impossible to the · enemy is this consciences we may find instances of simiprocedure safe . Nearly always there are lar behaviou on a small scale in ourselves. three or four courses open to him, and There is time for us to er'adicate the tendyou must be mobile enough to forestall ency now, and to . acquire that habit 0£ them all. discipline to which I have referred. AnySUBSCRIPTION.-Ta:E lRrsa: VOLUNTEER will * * * be posted free to any address for one yeat at a I mention this point because I heard way, it is always ·better to disobey openly cost of 6/ 6 ; for half · ·a year, 3 / 3 ; for the· that on certain battalion manamvres re- than the other way. · E. O'D. quarter, 1/8. 1
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THE IR!SH VOLUNTEER •
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BULLETIN
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---------------------------------------------------------L:10116l 'OO t'.>i '1-:S Comc.tttle Sn6tc. fe11111e The Central Executive of , the Irish f .&1l 111.6. n'Ou11pOf\C Ctt.&tn611.6. 'O. ln.&tl'C '1.n 4 .6.'0 l.& 'Oe'n mi ro, c.:sur c.n Ce&1111 C.6.t.6. P.&'Of\.6.1C m&c Pl.6.f\.6.tr 111.6.Cdt.10lf\le.6.C Of\t<\.
'Oo tt11111ec.u 41 l.&1 5116t.6. 'OO t'.>.6.tn le llottm&1l o:sur te llof\'OUS.6.'0 n.6. fe1nne. 'Ou11pottc n.6. fe11111e, . -6.t Ctt.6.t, 5 e&n. 1916 .
.on com o.irrle corcceo.n n. L:10116lNl' .6n Com.1tf\t~ Co1cce<.\n11 t n'Ou11pottc 11.6. femne 'O. 'OJmn<1tS .6.11 16.1'0 L.i _'Oe'n mi ro um m.e.6.tldon t.6.e;
INotes from Headquarters I
GENERAL COUNCIL. The General Council of the I rish Volun111 GRAFTON St. 39 MARY ST. teers will meet at Headquarters on Sun35 TALBOT ST. 40 HARRINGTON ST. day next (January 16th) at 12 noon. WRITE FOR PRICE LIST. MOBILISATION SCHEMES. Some recent attempts to mobilise Battalions at short notice have been disquietII CT.- CEORCE'S :STREET, CORK._ ing. There is not much use in having a JOHN JENNINGS, Proprietor. Battalion if you- cannot get it together when yoli want it . These Notes dealt ·All ·kinds o{ Household Furnitureagain and a.gain during the course of last Irish Manufacture. year with the. importance of mobilisation 1782--1913. schemes. Such schemes must be perVOLUNTEERS' BOOTS. fected at once for every Battalion and for Best : ever produced for comfort and ease in every Compa.n y . A mobilisation scheme., marching. Made in my own workshops by skilled Irishmen, under Trade Union conditions. to be effective, must provide for getting Price 15/6. Reduction for Companies. into touch with every man in the unit in . . J. MALONE, the minimum of time. The scheme must 67 NORTH KINC STREET, DUBLIN. be such that it shall not depend for its working on any one individual. It must DUBLIN COLLEGE OF MODERN not depend on the Commanding Officer, , IRISH but must be capable of being carried out 20 KILDARE STREET. smoothly and successfully even in his absence. It must not depend even on Section Commanders. If a Section Com. Session Opens September 23rd. mander is away or ill, is hi; Section to Fee· for Te@che,rs 5/· remain unmobilised? Obviously all such 10/· contingencies must be provided against, Fee for Non,.Tea.:hers " and they can be provided against if the scheme is carefully thought out beforeSyiiabus ·from Registrar, 20 Kildare Street. hand with all the local circumstances "Everything thal is not Irish must be fully in view. It is the business of Com' Foreign," pany and Battalion Commanders to set 0 right at once any defects which exIRiso~i:~ ns perience may have shown to exist in , lrl&h Voluniteel' Tallors and Drapers, their mobilisation schemes. The schemes 11- uPPER O'CONNELL ST., DUBLIN. should be t ested in practice at sufficiently frequent intervals, and after each t est ,:0- .-SM~'Oe.6.l.6., C.6.t'.>ttu151'0 le :S.6.e'Oec.L ! every partial breakdown should be careFor real Bed-rock Value in Groceries and fully noted and its cause removed. HeadConfectionery try quarters desires to impress Commanders of all ranks with the extreme importance M. O'RIORDAN AND CO., of the points here urged. 1 and 2 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CORK. TARCET PRACTICE. CITY CLUB CICARETTES. 10 for 4d. We trust that the recent Order on MusTRY THEM. ketry is being- acted upon everywhere. One weekly practice under the superTOBACCONISTS, vision of the Company officers is the 31 Ex~uer Street and, 10a ·Au11gler minimum that Headqu.arters can regard •treet. as _satisfa-c tory. If there ean be .two prac- l!llt&bli1h,ed 1884.
The Minster furnishing Co.,
Saturday, January 15th, 1916.
Voiunteers met at Headquarters on Tuesday evening, 4th inst., Commandant P. H. Pearse in the chair. A large amount of business connected with organisation and arming was transacted . Headquart ers, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin, 5th Jan., 1916.
THE GENERAL COUNCIL • The General Council will meet at Headquarters .on Sunday next, 16th inst., at 12 noon. tices weekly so much the better. And the men should get as much private shooting as they can . There should be frequent competitions in the Company, and interCompany and· inter-Battalion shooting tournaments should be promoted ~s often as possible. Well-managed competitions are perhaps the best way of encouraging constant practice among the men.
THE CARE OF RIFLES. Another very urgent duty of officers is to see that their men take proper cate of their rifles. li'requent instances have been brought to the notice. of Headquarters of rifles which have been kept ,in anything but a creditable condition by the men to whom they have been en· trusted. Rifles should be cle.a ned at fre~ quent intervals, and when not in use should be kept well coated with vaseline. The number of men who have pullthroughs and who use them constantly is said to be astonishingl:yt small. Every Volunteer requires a pull-through. One elementary precaution which many men neg·lect is to relax the sp1;ngs of their rifles when they are putting them away. A spring which is kept under a constant strain tends to wear out. The spring should be relaxed by pressing-the trigger. _THE SPECIAL COURSE. '.['he special course which will be given at Headquarters during the week Jan. 15th to 22nd, is intended for officers holding the higher commands or . for representatives nominated by them. The idea has grown out of the conferences of offic~r.s held in connection with the recent Convention . The course will provide a week's intensive culture ia the higher branches of military study. It is hoped that every Brigade District will be represente<l by one or two of its best officers.
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Saturday, January 15th, i9i6.
ttiE 1R1si-i VOLUNTE ER.
I GENERAL SIR IAN HAMILTON'S DESPATCH. I E very Volunteer officer should try to secure a copy of the London " Times " for Friday, January 7th. It has a supplement contai ning the full text of 'Gen. Sir Ian Hamilton's account of the last great attack on the 'rurkish positions in Gallipoli, illustrated by three admirable maps. It is deserviri.g of the most minute and careful study : never again '"fill any officer be able to get S<? valuable a textbook for a penny . It is impossible, in the available space, .to give anything approa~hing a compiete revie·w of the document, but certain points of interest may be alluded to. In the broadest sense we must acquit the defeated General of heavy blame. As far as we can judge he was· set an impossible task and made a beld bid for victory. Whether success in his design for the attack of August would have meant the fall of the Kilid Bahr forts is questionable. Even had he secure~ Maidos it migl1t easily have become untenable: for it can be taken under fire by two miles of powerful batteries on the Asiatic shore between Chanak and Abydos, at an average ran g·e of two and a half miles . But, at all events, any other project was clearly worse- the att empt had, therefor e, to be made. In the matter of organisation and preparation very elaborate ste:ps were t aken: in many respects the measures will serve as a model for all time. But a few points seemingly were neglected . For example, all three of the spheres of operations, Sedd-el-Bahr, Anzac, and Suvla were connected by cable with Imbros, the General Headquarters, but were not connected with one another. There · seems no reason why this could not have been done between Anzac and Sedd-elBahr at any rate, both of which had been in English hands for months. Again, there was no certain information of the existence of a water supply in the Suvla r egion, : i. nd this entailed great complications of transport. Now, in point of fact, the water was there, and if reconnaissance were possible its existence should have been placed beyond doubt. Considering that the actual a.tfack . was largely a surprise to the Turks, it js reasonable enough to assume that recon- . naiss.ance was possible . Briefly, the scheme of attack was this : In the southern area at Sedd-el-Bahr the 40,000 troops there were to deliver a holding attack, pinning as many troops as possible to that theatre and gaining all the ground they could. The main attack was to be delivered against the Sari Bair heights from Anzac with 35,000 men . . The. n~wly-arriving troops (30,000 strong) were to land · ~n the northern flank at Suvla and second the Anzac attack by operating against the Turkish right. At both Sedd-el-Bahr and Anzac the troops knew the ground well; at
to be blamed at all, then we must blame them for having been born such as they were . Only men of a truly iron stamp have ever achieved anything with raw troops-such men as W ashington, or Gorgei, er Chanzy-and everi they have not done it all of a sudden . For the Volunteers the lesson of Sir fan Hamilton' s despat ch is this one of discipline. 'l'he raw troops at Suvla accomplished nothing: the wa1;-inured men at Anzac met formidable difficulties in a way well worthy of careful study. Many of the minor tactical incidents of the four-days battle are also most instructive, and ma.ny practical hints are to be gained from them.
Suvla the me;n were absolutely new to the terrain, besides being quite raw troops. 'l'he preliminary movements wer e all successfully carried out and a certain measure of success attended the operations in all three theatres. In a sho~t r eview, however, it would be impossible to go into any details about the fighting. One noteworthy feature of the attacks is the very small propo;tion of artillery to infantry . For exainple, at Anzac Gen. Bir dwood had only 72 guns-about two per 1,000, " with naval support from two cruisers, !our monitors, an-d two destroyers " ; and naval support under the circumstances has only a very limited effect. At . Suvla only 20 guns went with the l~nding force, but it was not expected Sorp.e very interesting infoi·mation on that very formidable resisia-nce would be the question of armament in the infantry encountered here. But upon the whole warfare of to-day has been recently given it is clear that the artillery support was by Australian officers, as the result of small against very f_ormidable positions. their e;x:periences in the Gallipoli camEven so, the resolute night attack from paign. The views of these. officers are Anzac obtained a complete measure of particularly instructive and encouraging success up to a certain point. It is to the Volunteers. First of ~;all the opinion. was expressed possible that a better result at Suvla might have clinched that success. that to arm the bulk of the infantry whh About Suvla Ge:n. Hamilton's despatch rifles was not the best way at all. In is less illuminating than the other opera- their view the most profitable· method was tions. All the same it is possible to see to give rifles to snipers only . These the germ of failure in some poil).ts would b~ '- picked marksmen, adepts at touched upon. There certainly was in snap-shooting and trained to take the the command the old sequence, " Order, fullest' advantage of cover. ·These men Counter-order, Disorder," whoever was would not, in the usual course, be risked to blame for the mistakes. Quite possibly in the assault at all . On the other hand no one in particular could be singled out they would be kept in. action in their own as responsible. Commanders unfamiliar special way for long spells at a time. with the ground; . assisted py raw staffs, A different armament was suggested to manceuvre raw troops over difficult for the remainder of the infantry-the country-in all conscience the task was cannon-fodder . Their weapons and train· hard enough for everyone. In many ing would be designed for hand-to-hand places the troops were out of hand. "In combat. Their ideal firearm is a pistol some cases the hose had been pierced by of some sort, a weapon suitable for individuals wishing to · fill their own . handy, quick, rough-and-ready work bottles; in others lighters had grounded at short range. For bayonet-fighting so far from the beach that men swam out a handy pike was recommended~ to fill batches of water-bottles . All this one not too long. It was found that had added to the disorganisation inevit- the ri:B.es of the cannon.~fodder were able after a night landing, followed by merely used as handles for their bayonets, fights here and there with an enemy and besides .being expensive they · were scattered over a country to us unknown. " in other respects not the best handles . This was on the night of August 7th: Another recommendation was that the while the advance parties were engaged pike-head should be detachable so as to in a series of bitter little fights with the be capable of being used as a dagger upon Turks in the hills, the bulk of the com- occas10n. mand was disorganised on the sea shore. These suggestions largely agree with The result was that next day, August the French methods in their great attacks 8th, was wasted, and the Turks, weak on the W estern front. There the troops enough in numbers up to that, were · assigned to the . duty of clearing out the heavily reinforced. When the attack was trenches and dug-outs in an adva.nce are finally launched it was too late for it to armed with revolvers and clasp-knives. succeed. For more than a year past Headqua:rters It is all very well to say, "General, have pointed out a general similarity bethis should have done such-and-such," tween modern trench warfare and fightor "General, that should have done the ing in an intersected country like Ireland . 9ther." The real question is: were the It is very gratifying_ to find the theories courses suggested physically possible? put forward for the guidance of the In one word the cause of the Suvla failure Volunteers directly confirmed . by officers was indicipline, neither more nor less. H having several months experience oi con'G eneral Hamilton or General Stopford is 'tinual desperate fighting.
I A Note on Armament
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.THE iRISH VOLUNTEER.
Saturday, Jan1uiry i5th, 1916 .
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tween which they must pi.·ess on. In that case they can easily be fired into either by flanking men of units still in position, or by small pa.rties pushed forward from the rear.
COUNTER AT.T ACKS. One ·way in yvhich :-a counter-attack CHAPTER IV.-OFFENSIVE could be made in such a case would be as ACTION. follows :-It 'might happen that a drain GENERAL REMARKS. a.f fording suitable cover existed inside the Altho~lgh the infantry attack in very position of the firing line and running intersected country is certainly very di:ffi. back at right angles to the front. Men cult, it is still possible, and would somearmed with pistols and pikes could be times have to be carried out. In some -held in readiness ·here with .their pikes ways the nature of the country might ' be lyin . U' ~fl.at in front of them. So posted turned to good account. ~ they c121uld spring quickly to their feet, For example, it will often be possible and firing a volley, charge home. They to manoouvre considerable bodies fairly would be where supports should be-close close up to the enemy and still hold them up, and flanking the enemy's advance: safe from fire. The fences will prevent they could thus attack with great speed. a very extended field of fire. But a neAs a matter of fact, in Ireland the at- cessary precaution will be scouts pushed tacker exposes two flanks for every sepa- out- ahead of the main body. In this case rate field he ~dvances across. He cannot the main body might easily be safe from avoid ~his because the longitudinal fire though not at all out of range-for fences sp, lit up his advancinu' line. ~ two or three thicknesses of intervening Another possible situation for pikemen fence might be ~vailable as protection . for the counter-attack is in front of their I n one impor · t an t respec t th e c1ose riflemen-where a trench exists on that fighting in Ireland would differ from the side of the hedge . In this case a good Flanders fighting-it would often be posstandard ()f discipline would be required sible to manoouvre against a· flank, to to steady the men while being fired over, bring enfilade· fire to bear, and thus to especially at first. Men so posted should facilitate the advance of other sections of only charge when success was practically _ the line. assured, as they absolutely mask the fire of their firing line. COHTACT BETWEEN UNITS. In addition to counter-attacks by . a One of the greatest difficulties attendcharge, many oppor.tunities for counter- ing an advance across .c ountry in Ireland attacks by enfilade fire will present them- would be that of keeping contact between selves. Hedge country will always le.ave the several positions of the attac;king hedge screens on t he attackers' flanks be- force. For this reason it is most impor-
tant to have a sound syste~ of common · training to get the men to think , ~like. Then ea.ch man would know what to expect his neighbour to do, and for h is own part w)+at would be the likeliest way of coming to his neighbour's assistance. In the case of an attack on a large scale a rough general unity could be restored by the merging of the foremost lines in successive waves. Only a portion of the force should be engaged at first, a large proportion· being held in reserve. Commonly a force moving across country will lose touch with the bodies on its flanks , or e;en with its own. flankers. In such cases it may be necessary to throw out connecting files or parties to prevent hostile bodies penetrating into the gaps between the forces. When .the original . bodies again come into contact these parties should be withdrawn.
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CONTROL OF A UNIT. When 'possible a gateway sho{ild be used for fhe passage of the troops : if possible the gates should be taken off their hinges to prevent delay with ~ud ceeding bodies. A responsible officer or N.c.o : should remain at the gate to make sure that everyone has passe.d through. If no gates 01~ gaps exist a gap must be made. Masonry walls must be cli~bed. : In the case of fairly small bodies it might be possible by ma-king the flank of the unit correspond to the flank Of the field to preserve control. In this . case, the entire company, section, or as the case might be, would be all in the same field and so under immediate supervision·. This will. naturally call for a high level of tactical ability on the part of the section leaders . ' .·COVER, The men should be compelled to make the utmost use of cover . Otherwise sudden-though slight-losses might cow · and demoralise them. The varying heights of the fences would often call for different ways of advance. Someti~es the men could sprint, sometimes crouch, sometimes crawl, sometimes roll over and over. The danger spots are the gaps and gates: Thorough combat reconnaisance will save the men from being suddenly fired into at close range. The need ~f taking cover can be impressE)d on the men at manoouvres if proper supervision 1s exercised. POINTS OF DIRECTION. If the advance is to be Cl}rried out for any considerable distance a distinct point of direction should be indicated. · The formations and mode of advanc~ dictated by tactical considerations might necessitate the temporary loss from view of the original point of direction. For this reason it might become necessary to assign a new point of direction until the former one should be recovered to view. In suclf an advance there might also arise the further difficulty that units might cross each other's line of advance; especially if the country were very close and the several units made different rates ~f progress.
Saturday, January 15th, 1916.
'J'.HI; IRISH VOL_ U ~4'TEER.
I R ISH EDUCATION ; .
"I RELAND FIRST ." DON'T- li'O RO ET The -AnnU:~l Concert of th.e Colmcille Withdrawal of Crant s by Dep·artmeint Branch of the Gaelic League will be held of Agri·cu lture. ·. on Friady, 28th inst., in the Father The country is at present'se~thing with Mathew Hall, Church Street. The ComL I TTLE SHOP discontent at the grossly unfair treatment mittee are leaving no stone unturned to For. Big Value In Chandlery, of Irish educational bodies by the British . ensure success. Permission has been ob.Tobaccos, Cigarettes, et,, Treasury. Generally speaking, the people tained to produce the new drama, " Ireof this country ought not to be surprised land ·First ." Messrs G . Crofts, Sean at the efforts of the British Government Connolly, Mollie Byrne, Sighle n.i Brion, IRISH GOO~S A SPECIALITY, to keep the people of Ireland steeped in and P. U a Suilleabhain will contribute darkness -and ignorance by d'e priving songs, dances and recitations . Wexford St., Dublin. The them of the means of education . It is to tickets are now on sale, 6d. and . l s. be wondered at,b.owever, that they should SpE;cial seats can be reserved o·n applicalet loose their bigoted anti~Irish pre- tion to the Secretary at 5 Blackhall St. CO U RT L~UNDRY, judices at a moment when from hundreds 58.a HARCOURT STREET, DUBL·tN ; (Proprietor, H. c. Watson). ·of platforms all . over t·h e country IrishTelephone, 1848. men are being appea1ed to by them to aid High-class Family Work. MR. SHEEHY-SKEF F INCTON'S Winners of Silver :\\!fedal fo r Fa ncy Ironing them in the fight to preserve small IM PRESS ION S OF AMER ICA . Work, and Diploma .for Shi_rts and Collars nationalities abroad. The Minister of a t Manchester- Lau ndry Exhibition, 1913. · A crowded house welcomed Mr. SheehyPost Paid one. way on orders. of 2J 6. Education in England, in answer to a Skeflington at the Foresters' H all, Dublin, on For Collars a_nd Shirts only .. . question by Mr. Boland, M.P., has ad- the occasion of his first public appearance in mitted that no purely educational grants Dublin since his release from prison. Mr. Sheehyhave been withdrawn ·in England. The Skeflington has recently returned after a t our in Wf\Kf'lt>E ~ . the United States, and he was announced t o contrast between the treatment meted out speak under the auspices of the I rish Women's \'O LUNTl.<.:J.<: lt::l, we ask your suppor-t · whe11 startiug lla gpipe or other Ba11<l1:1., to I reland and England is instructive, Franchise . League on his '' Impressions of \\" e a re actual makers in lrElland, ana and should be noted by Irishmen. The America." Mr. James Connolly presided. ca u give you better . and cheaper Instruments than those · who are. merely In the course · of his interest ing address Mr. Cork County Committee of Agriculture li~i po r ter s. · · ' Sheehy-Skeffington said that his impressions of ·llest Oilea n Uagpipes always in stock; · lias denounced the action of the DepartAmerica might be summed up in the reply he Cha nter, Bag, ·a nd Bellows, 75s. ne t . . ment in a vigorous resolution, which was made to those who advised him· to .remain in Wholesale Agent for all publica t ion~ proposed by the Most Rev. Dr. Brown, America r a ther than face imprisonment by reIJy Ca rl Hardebeck. Write for lists. Bishop of Cloyne, and in the last few turning :' " It is better to be in jail in Ireland days the County Committees of Kilkenny, than out of jail in New York ." His experiences, he said, wen~ confined to the Eastern States, but Queen's Co., Wexford and Roscommon he was informed that a better spirit prevailed MUSICAL WAREHOUSE, have endorsed the action of the · other in the Western States, and in Chicago, the 8 HOWARD STREET, BELFAST. County Councils and County Committees · furth est western point he touched, there was a whose resolutions of protest have already better spirit . The German, psychology, with been published . The Dublin Municipal " thoroughness " for its special note, was t he very opposite t'o the American; the Ger:man Council. and a large number of public Press propaganda had accor dingly been clumsy, BAKERIES, bodies and educational institutions and and had repeatedly rubbed American sentiment 26 WILLIAM STREET societies all over Ireland ha:ve also the wrong way. Only where the· Germans were · guided by the advice of the I rish had they been nominated representatives to attend the any measure successful. That advice had SARSFIELD STREET, monster meeting of protest;:vhich is being in . been freely given; for the ·I rish in America, so held under the auspices of · the Gaelic far as they were organised and articulat e, were LIMERICK. League in the Mansion House on Mon- ·entirely pro-German. Redmond's hold on them day, 17th inst., at 8 o'clock . The had absolutely disappeared; and such delegates All Glasses Fe8ding Stuffs Sta.eked. as he sent out were unab1e to address a meet. . British Treasury and thei~ ~illing agents . ing. The United Irish Leag1ie of America was in the Department of Agricultu:re· and 'entirely opposed to Mr. Redmond's policy, and Mr. Michael J. Ryan, President of the 0.1. L., had VOLUNTEER$ Technical Instruction can make up tlieir spoken on pro-German platforms. 'i'he entire mi.nds that there is enough life and Irish-American Press, with the exception of the "Chicago Citizen," was as opposed to Mr. vigour left in the Irish people, who have Redmond's policy as the "Gaelic :American." fought to maintain their nationality for Under the pressure of the war, tb.e Irish and Germans in America wei·e cementing a strong 700 years, to defeat the latest mean and political alliance. · und er hand attempt of the Eno'lish 2 TALBOT ST., D UBLI '<I _.._ Government to strangle that small nationality which, -although close to -Rings their own doors, 'they seem sb anxious to SPLENDI 0 SELECTION· OF destroy, while at the same time seeking EVERY FACILITY for choosing exactly RELIABLE IRISH MATERIALS AT . the ring you r equi1'e is offered at its help 'to preserve small nations abroad. REASONABLE PRICES. GAN T ER BROS. Almost unlimited selec- - -·:··--- -
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The Dua lla Vo ltmtee rs carried out very inl':tructive and interesting field operations on Sunday, 2nd inst. Having divided the Company into two forces , Cap . Colm O'Loughlin _ (of Dublin) and Sec . Cour . James Ryan took charge of one for ce, which wns to act on the defensive. The at.tacking force was under the command of Sec. Cours . Patrick O'Donn ell and P. Loobv. The ;defend ing force was well placed in amhush on. the slopes of a hill . which commanded a good view of the surrounding country. But such was the skill with which O'Donnell and Looh:Y handled thei r men, and so well did- the.ir scout's do t heir work , that the defending forces were takep b:v surprise from the rear and badly beaten, th e ~tt~ckers onl:v ·losing ,a small nroportion nf t.heir men . Discussing the fight afterwards. Can . ()'Loughlin expnissed himself gre~tly pl Aa~ca with the way in which the men made u se of cover, but at the same time he warned soTJ'le of the m0re arrlent spirits to be more careful ·i n keeping low whilst passing gaps _cir getting over fences.
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Saturday, January 15th, 1916.
THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
1 ..........._N_A.........F_I_A_N_N_A_-_- _E_I__R_·E_A_N_N_ _ _
I
gravel road from the macadamised road and the stubble field from the fallow. He is thus -sure of his ground and is not likely Other ways of training the eyes, as to walk into a swamp or rive-r in the dark. well as those mentioned by m~ in the last · The non-smoker will . get the smell of two issues of this paper, will suggest tobacco a long way ·off, and as regards the themselves to any scout keen on his work. sense of smell the non-smoker ~as a great The Quartermaster of the Dublin Fianna advantage over a scout who smokes. suggests the following excellent exercise Learn to distinguish between the smell of calculated to develop your quick obse~rva a fire burning, food cooking, men sm.oktion and -very suitable for scouts living in ing, !arm yards, stables; etc., so that towns: Observe the contents_ of a. shop when you sniff the air yo~ can tell if there window for a few minutes and, turning is a camp or a farmhouse near at hand . your ·(lyes away-, get a pencil and paper In conclusion, I would urge you to acand e.ndeavour to recall and describe as · custom yourself to being out in the open many articles as possible. It is related field at night. By practice alone can you that Houdin, the great French conj uror, develop your "night eyes." For the practised this exercise and was able to dewant of them a member of our Headscribe; by taking a single 'glance ;:ts he quarters Staff cycled into a cow grazing rushed passed, every article displayed in on the side of the road . He saw stars! a large shop window filled with small The poor cow thought it was an earthwares ;' Although the training of the eyes quake. But that is a long story, and is of first importance to a scout, the othe1: it happened before he took scouting senses-hearing, smell, and touch- must · seriously. also be developed to the~r fullest extent. p ADRAIC 0 RIA IN. On night work a scout depend~ more on [An article on Map Reading will aphis sense of hearing than on his eyesight . The snap of a twig may reveal the where- pear in these columns next week ..] · abouts of a hidden enemy. At night sounds unnoticed during .the. day can be For the Institution, the Mansion or the heard quite a long distance. By placing Cottage. your ear to the ground, or against a stic~ You are jnvited to inspect our stock of touching the ground, you c_a n hear sounds much more distinctly. The sound CLOSE FIRE KITCHEN RAN6BS of a ~an's fpotfall, the beat of a horse's · before onlering elsewhere. ·we guarantee hoof, the noi.se of a cart or bicycle can be them (o cook perfectly, and to be econoOur · prices are righ~. heard in this· way when a long way off. 111ical in fuel. A man's voice carries a considerable distance in the stillness of the night. The best · way to develop th!( sense of 21 & 22 CliRISTCHURCH PLACE, hearing, of smell and of touch _is to go Estim:'lies free. T.elephone: Dublin 2Gl. into the country at night-the darker the . better-and .p,ractise for yourself. Listen TREASON ! Jt is treason ' for lrishmen to buy the Foreign .Artiele and for sound.s ~nd try and find out their neglect Irish Industries. meanrng. Observe the movements of LOUCHLIN'S IRISH OUTFITTINC birds at night. Small birds, thn'Lshes, is better than the Foreign Shirts, Hosiery, larks, blackbirds, etc., as well as hens, Gloves; Ilraces, Ilats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc. ALL IIUSH. Fair Prices. ducks and geese, make a noise when disIRISH OUTFITTING HE-ADQUARTERS. 19 Parliament .:street, DUBLIN. turbeq. Cautiously discover the disturbing element: Som·etimes cattle utter a we .are an exoluslvely "!RISH .FIRM" peculiar lowing which can be heard a . employing only !RISH LABOUR_. mile away . It is a warning that someone · All garments made to ' order in our own workshops. EXTENSIVE STOCK to select from, has passed through their field. Of course bought for CASH from best IR'ISH MANUFAC· the lowing of cattle and bleating of sheep TUR ER$_. are natural sounds at ~ight . Discover SUITS, 42s . to 84s. for yourself the warning note. A scout will find his night-work most i~~~~,~~~~~ (John Neligan, Manager), interesting, and if he is called on to .scout 4 CAPEL STREET, DUBLIN, "in reality" he -will find that the night and 50 Upper George's Street, Kingstown. is safer-for the work than the day. That is, if he is a trained scout and not a TELEPHONE 222. blunderer. Your sense of touch can be developed on your night walks . A scout does not use that free swinging step of the parade ground at night. He pushes his feet forward, touchin·g the ground first with his toes before putting the weight of his body on his foot. In this way he is sensible of every change in the ground he covers, and can quickly recognise the MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, Etc. TRAININC
IN OBSERVATION (continued).
CISH TA1LORING CO. ·
Sculptor
KIN(; STRIJT, CORK.
"- 63 '' Talbof Street, DUBLIN. Lncania, :Pierce.!. Swift; Rudge, RS.A. New . Bicycles. uash. Easy P~yments. Repairs. · .Accessories. Second~hand Bicycles fro-in 15/-. Prams and Gramophones Repaired.
·Rifles. Guns. Rep-airs.
GLEESON, O'DEA &Co., Ltd.,
.J.OHN A. O'C.ONNELL
Miss E. MacHugh
A 11 kinds .22 Ammunition. All .Boar<ls, Targets. Cleaning Rods, Pull Through&, Oils, and all ·Rifle Sundries ~ CATALOCUES ON APPLICATION.
L. KEECiAN,
~Yri'e ~~ke~
3 INN'S QUAY, DUBLIN. Telephone 257'.
~'
a!:_nl~~t~~'""
noy Goods, Chandler AND
,
Genera - Hardware Stores,
115 Parnell St, DUBLIN.
".6.11 ScJ.t .a C~1te Se.at> m.a111ro n.a 'O.aorne,"-.a :S.ae'Oe.at.a :We appeal to you as a Gael only for a trial order. We are certain to give you satisfaction. LADIES' AND GENT'S TAILOR.
p.J.urr.0.15 2
LOWER
o bo'OtE;m,
ORMOND
QUAY.
MR. E. O'CONNOR COX (Barito,ne') (Feis Ceoil Gold Medallist and Winner of Denis O'Sullivan Medal, Feis Ceoil, etc.), OPEN to ENGAGEMENT for CONCERTS, etc. .An unlimited repertoire of .Ancient and l\fodern Irish Music. Special terms to Irish Voluoteer and .Gaelie League Concerts. For terms appl,v St. Malachy's, Oakland's Park, Ballsbridge, Dqblin. DO YOU FEEL WEAK, DEPRESSED, or RUN DOWN'l • CA.HILL'S .AROMATIC QUININE ANTI IRON TONIC will tone yon up, steady your nerves, improve your. appetite, enric'1 your . blood. For summer lassitude, for Neuralgia! try a bottle ls. and 2s. i _pc:>stage 4d. Made on y by ARTHUR J, CAHILL The National Chemist, 82A Lower Dorset Street, Dublin. ·
VOLUNTEERS I Send your Shirts, Co.liars, &c. TO THE
NATIONAL LAUNDRY, 60 South William Street, DUBLIN. SuITs
AND
UNIFORMS CLEANED IN Two DAYs.
PRESSED
and ·
Irish Made Shirts, Caps, Poplln TieS, co:11ars, Hosiery, etc. · THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIMERICK.
p.6.'0R-6.15
o h-.o.tttilutW.rn,
Draper,
10 WILLIAM STREET-,_ LIMERICK. 5 <l e'01l ir e"''O r111n-ne
lr ni nJ.111 trnn e.
Oi,•e us a trial order for FRESH lh.SH OAT· MEAL, MACROOM OATMEAL, TEAS, from 2 / 4 to 3 / ·. Sent P.ost free.
MacCURTAIN BROS., 57-54 SH ANDON ST. AND 40 THOMAS DAVIS
ST., CORK. FIRST AID CLASSES For Members of Cumann na mBan, Th.ursday aftE>rnoon 4 to 5.80, beginI1ing October 29th. Those wishing to attP.nd should _apply by letter to Hon. Secs., Cnmaun na mBan Executive, 2 ll!l WQ(ll't Str<JPt. Printed for the Proprietors at Mahon's Printing Works, Dublin, and published .at the V<_>lunteer Headquarters, 2 Dawson Street, Dublm. •