The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 61 by An Phoblacht

THE

Vol. 2.

EDITED· .· JBY EOIN MAC ·No,, 61 (New Series). SATURDAY, FEBRUARY Sth, -1916.

NEILL~ PRICE ONE PENN-Y.

vidual and civic liberty, while the forces issued th.is instruction, but being quite behind ·him compel Mr. Redmond; Mr. confident that some. one or two- among :Dillon, and Mr. Devlin to s5 allow the the police, with proper_assist~nce, ·would dose without a grin. He has at all ev~nts rise to the occasion. · Let the public k~e.'p lbrouO'hf the "leaders'' one step farther ~ careful w;tch for t)le_ charge against 0 Last .yea; .the Th~ng that calls itself a along the Sharp Curve. The whole Terence · MacSwiney ·when · the Cas:tle Government in Ireland tI'ied the plan of Cabinet, · Whig and Tory combined, with \ lawyers hav~ found it out, ~nd for the orderinO' .and or"' Irish Volunteer officers . all the power they have now taken into evidence they will produoe;td susta~n the into banishment, and failed. 0o•anisers their hands, would not dare to do in Great . charge, whatever it is to .b.e . Now the Thing has begun this year of ]Britainwhat they have done in Ireland ·* * grace 1916 with a new Irish policy. The with the support of Mr. Redmond. The Meanwhile, these ;Imperial methods of s'tatesmen responsible for what is called Governmell"t in Ireland tell us that they doctrine of the new and true Empir~ carrying the war in Ireland to a . successare engaged in a· war to .preserve liberty, JE>"afriotism exists for the special benefit ful conclusion have the unsti:nted support of Messrs. Redmo~d, Dillon .and. Devlin . civilisation, and small nations from the ' of Ireland . * * * We heard fast year of resolution aga!nst oppression of Prus:sianism . Some .weeks The public ought to keep a special lookago they seized in-his house at five o'clock out for the form that the charge against ' ' senseless prosecutions,'' which~ has in the darkness of a mid-winter morning Mr. MacSwiney will take when the Castle never been published. " We read Mr. 'Devand cast into Cork Jail an Irish Volunteer lawyers have had·\ time to digest the lin's letter of protest to ·Mr .. Bi-rrell. We . saw, officer an.cl. oi'ganiser, Terence MacSwiney. '' facts " and to ex-.htusp t_h~- r!3sources o:L saw and th_e- B:ritish--~~G.ciY.!3i1Lm_ep.L ~ M..:.~No war~ant se"tt1ng forth ·any clfarge was ~Jivilisat:lon -~t their disposal, in order to t:ne -strefigtli" anO. -sincerity behind all tli~t, produced, and since he was seized Mr. induce the police to produce whatever when Mr. Redmond subsequ~ntly allowed MacSwiney has 9een locked . up in Cork other "facts " are needed. We have his name to . be. attached to 3,n · interview Jail without any charge whati;oever being· seen something of what the Liberal published in' the daily papers, where he brouo·ht aO'ainst him. His relatives have ''Government'' of Gladstone,, Forster, justified the moderation of his Govern·O o written to this and that "authority" de- and the Right Honourable Walter Boyd ment for merely taking a.way the liberty manding to be told what is the charge could do in the line of evidence in the · of men who, said the same· interview, against him, and have failed to get an Crossmaglen case--only something, for would have been shot if they were in Geratom of information. Questioned in Par- what has been published is a trifle to what many. How t,he Government must adliament, this alleged Government in I~e has yet to be published re-garding the mire and ·respect the Irish Party for . ~ts land replies that it has got the "facts" ''voluminous evidence" produced · by protests under the chairmanship of Mr. ·against Mr. MacSwiney but has not yet J[,iberal Mr. Birrell's Liberal predeces- Redmond ! How they must quail before decided what form the charge is to take. sors; and. what is available for publica- the iron fibre and steadfast purpose of the So we are being saved from Prussian tion is only a trifle to ·what will be known men who are to insist on the fulfilinent of methods by the methods of Italian ban- when the zeal that _a.n iinates the Right . the Treaty of Home Rule! ditti. Who will say that Mr. Asquith, Hon. Walter Boyd for the disclosure of * * In the works of "that "true-born Prime Minister of England, was not per- the truth in a petty bankruptcy · case " Daniel Defoe, a pioneer of fectly sincere when he came over last to moves his Lordship to recognise that I~no'lishman t:> ' Dublin and told his ai1dience, in presence honesty be-gins at home. In the pigeo_n- pious Liberalism, I find lines .which will ~f Mr . .Redmond, Mr. Dillon, and Mr. holes of. the Castle, .Mr. Attorney-General serve well as an epitaph on the tombstone Devlin who no doubt applauded the de- Gordon and Mr . Solicitor-General O'Con- ~f a certain sort of statesmanship. These clarati~n ' that. Ireland wa.s a free country? nor will find honourable precedents for lines were addressed by Defoe to English '. . * * * handling the case against Terence politicians, not to Irish aliens: vVho will sav that Mr. Birrell is a cant- MacSwiney. Let them look up, for exThou tha t for P arty interest didst indite And thought'st to be excused for meaning ing hypocrite . ,;hen he tells us that our ample, how Mr. Attorney-General Peter right, loyalty is due to this sort of "Govern- O'Brien, under the eye of Mr. Arthur This comfort wiil thy want of wit afford ment?" This is one of the homeopathic Balfour, handled the collection of That -now thou art left a Coxcomb on record: doses administered by Mr. Birrell in evidence about the killing of Police-InEngland had always this one happiness, "the delicate and difficult operation of spector Martin' at Gwee.dore. - They will Never to look at service, but succe~s; And he's a fool that differing judgmenJ; makes intr;;-a_ucing a true Empire patriotism" find th~re that the Attorney-General inAnd thinks to be r.ewarded for mistakes. to take the place of the old " narrow structed the local authorities that they If thou canst name the long-forgotten patriotism" of Irish · history. The were to produce evidence, if possible, days ' delicate and difficult operation is not showing that, during the conflict in which When men for good intentions ·met with making much headway in Ireland, but the Police-Inspector was killed, the crowd praise; If in our ancient records you can find perhaps Mr. Birrell thinks it a substantial raised cheers for the Land League and True Englishmen to gratitude inclined; o·ain for the True Empire Patriotism if he• the P.lan of Campaign; the Attorn~y 0 • If it has been the t alent of the land can violate the most elementary princi- General, having no evidence before him Merit without success to understand, ples, not merely of national but of indi- of the desired kind at the time when he Then you might have expected a reward

NOTES

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Saturday, February 5th, 1916.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER .

2 And then hav.e thought the disappointment hard Before thee stands the power of punishment In an exasperated Government; Behind the vacant carpet fairly spread . From ~hence thy too-well-served allies have fled . At a remoter distance, there they stand And mock thy folly but thy fault commend, Freely thy former services disown .Ang slyly laugh to see thee first undone.

The Viceroy in I reland and Mr . Redmond are once more hilled to attend a meeting in Galwa.y. Lord Wimborne has now special charge of the work of recruiting for the Imperial forces in Ireland . I drew attention some weeks ago to the sort of campaign tlwse engaged in th~s work under His Excellency's control were carrying on in Kerry, in company with Mr. Redmond's unrecruited lieutenant, the temporary member for the Imperial Parliament in a Kerry constituency- a campaign of disreputable Billing,sgate, under the joint licence of the Viceroy and the led leader. That -campaign has since been continued . At a recent recruiting meeting near Castlema~ne, SergeantMajor O'Rahilly and Mr. Tom O'Donnell, M.P., once more turned up. The Sergeant-Major, speaking on behalf of the recruiting authorities, said "this was the time to make a real united Ireland," and proceeded to do his bit on the lines laid down by Mr . Birrell, Apostle of True E mpire Patriotism, for Police Inspector Barrington in Tyrone. Referring to the I rish Volunteers, who have the a.ppr.oval of public opinion in Kerr;y, this speaker said : "The curse of man·y murdered I rishmen would light on the head of those false leaders who put these young men on the road to destruction for themselves and for Ireland. Those leaders who were trying to sow that disunion were doing it for lusty gold and were selling ' their native land." Mr . Tom O'Donnell backed up this effort '' to make a real united Ireland." "He did not blame those young men," he said, "he blamed the traitors who were misleading tR:em ." Will the Viceroy and Mr . R edmond adopt this charming kind of "recruiting campaign" on their visit to Galway?

men should pay the tribute of their confidence to their old and tired leaders . *

The latest vote of confidence was for keeping conscription from Ireland . The Government explained to . both its houses the reason for not trying ·conscription on Ireland. They forgot to explain tha.t it was on account of Mr . Redmond. Mr. Birrell explained that conscription would not- do ·in Ireland because it would spoil the ohances of the True Empire Patriotism, but he did not suggest that T . P . stood for anything but the True Patriotism . An English paper boldly states that Mr. Redmond's hand was forced by his colleagues and that since then he has recovered his ground, whatever that may mean. l£ the Irish Party has prevented consc;iption in Ireland- and the resolution drafted by the U .I.L. organiser for the seven old and tired Nationalists in Listowel says they have- then it was because the Irish Party thought conscription would be a bad thing . But who was going to do this bad thing, who proposed to do it, who was prevented .from doing it? Surely the British Government, to which we are all to be loyal, would not do a bad thing to Ireland . The seven old and tired confidence voters of Listowel should take care that in suggesting such a thing they have not brought themselves under the· Defence of the Realm Act for using words likely to produce disaffection ·towards his Majesty's Government. *

to stop the clamour of an indignant nation . * * * On the whole, a British Goverm:ilent has good -. cause to be well pleased with itself and with its Irish subjects when it lays itself out to take £8,000,000 a year of additional taxation from I reland, and succeeds in getting the I rish people and their "representatives" to overlook this matter of £8,000,000 by the simple expedient of reducing the expenditure in · Ireland by £200,000, allowing people in Ireland to make a first-class row over the reduction, shutting their mouths by ha:i;idinO' £40,000- the two hundreth part t:> back • of what is taken from them! And yet some people are always saying that the English do not understand Ireland. Eon( MAC NEILL.

So we are told that it was the leaders of the Irish Party, and not the opposition of the Irish people and the Irish Bishops that saved Ireland from being rob bed of a few thousand pounds. The U .I.L . orO'~rniser is probably at work drafting a t:> ' / fresh vote of confidence on that ground ·for the old and tired sevens to pass. Before they pass it, if they are not too old and too tired, would they ask themselves . ·who the Robber was-who was the interrupted Burglar on this occasion? Is it possible tha.t U.I.L . organisers who draft this sort of Votes of. Confidence are really Sinn Feiners in disguise? _

•·

I find I am quite wrong in saying that tlie proposed robbery amounted to only * * £8,000 . The Burglar has already agreed * Kerry is a remarka.b le county. ·ns to disgorge about £43,000 of Irish biggest landlord, Lord. Lansdowne, pl under. He proposed to take something laments the impossibility of enforcing more than £200,000, but he is a generous conscription on Ireland, and keeps hun- Burglar and will be content with little dreds of serfs in Kerry out of the owner- more than £160,000. - This will enable ship of their land. The Sergeant-Major the war to be carried on for half an hour and the versatile Mr. 'l'om O'Donnell tell longer. About £75,000 of it will be these serfs that Lord Lansdowne's taken from the luxury-loving Irish of Government is fighting · to save them the "Congested Districts," something froin German oppression. Kerry, too, has over £50,000 from Irish education, about produced one more Vote of Confidence in £22, 000 from Irish afforestatioi;i., and Mr. Redmond, whose confidence in Kerry £16,000 from the bloated Irish fishing inis indicated by the £act that he has found dustry. There has· been no such row it unnecessary even to hold a Convention raised over most of these items as has in the county. The Vote of Confidence been raised over the abolition of the post was voted at a U .I.L . meeting in Listowel, of one police magistrate, salary £1,000. at which seven persons, reported to have. All. these items are annual and intended be.en present with an organiser, are de- to be permanent. The Government has scribed in a local paper as "old and tired evidently made a great mistake in not Nationalists." It is only right that such conceding at least the police magistrate

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---·:·--MOY CUL LEN , CO. CALWAY. Rec~uitin"'t:> for the I rish Volunt eers is . going ahead rapidly in Co. Galway, and Moycullen district answered the call on Sunday, 15th January, with a tot~l of 85 men. A very enthusiastic meeting was held in the Old Schoolhouse,, Moycullen (by permission of Fr. Corbett), at which over 200 people were present. Messrs. Nicholls and o ·'Dea (Solrs .) and Capt. Mellows, Organiser, addressed the meeting, after which a "call .for recruits" produced the above result . The recruits were then put through a course of preliminary drill lasting for nearly an hour . As a result of this, several surrounding districts are very anxious to fall into line, and satisfactory results are expected from the ''Men of the West.''

---·:•·-----SO ME NOTE~ ON FOOD. I set down here some notes with regard to the food which would be fitting for a fighting man. So far as I can I will give notes of the daily rations for various European Armies. I do so for purposes of contrast and in the hope that the notes may be of some service to Volunt.eers· who may have to deal with such problems.

Ce'rman. The daily ration for the German soldier includes 26 ozs. of fresh bread or 17 ozs. of biscuit; 13 ozs. of fresh meat or 7 ozs. ~f smoked meat; 4 ozs. of rice or 8 ozs . of flour .or 52 ozs . of potatoes; almost 1 oz . of salt; nearly 1 oz. of roasted coffee or 1-lOth oz. of tea.; ~ oz. of sugar. These figures are for the standard ra~ion, .which is probably very different from the one being used in the various battle areas, which will vary considerably according to circumstances.

TREAS O N !

It is treason for I rishmen t o buy the Foreign .Article and neglect Irish Industries.

LOU C HLIN 'S IRISH OUTF ITTI NC is better than the Foreign Shirts, Hosiery, Gloves,, Braces, Hats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc . .ALL IRISH. Fair Prices. I RISH OUTFITTING H EADQUARTERS, 19 Parl iament Street, DUBLIN .

THE IRISH VOLUNtEER.

S;iturday, February 5th, 1916.

IThe Victories of Peace I III. 'l'he following is a continuation of the Irish towns which had a declining population after thirty years of the Union :Population in 1831. 1841. 1901.

IN MUNSTERAskeaton Ballylongford Bandon Bantry Bonmahon Borrisokane Borrisoleigh Buttevant Cahir Cappaghwhite Cappoquin Carrickbeg Carrick-011-Sufr Cashel Castleisland Castlema.rtyr Castletow.nroche Charleville Ologheen Olonakilty Clonmel Oloyne Cork Cove Croom Dingle Doneraile Dungarvan · Dunmanway Ennis Ennistymon Fermoy Fethard Glamvorth Glin . Hospital Kan turk Kenmare Kilfinane Killaloe Killarney Killenaule Kilmacthomas Macro om Kilrush Kil worth Kinsale Limerick Lismore Macroom Mallow Midleton Millstreet Milltown Miltownmalbay Mitchelstown Mullinahone Nenagh Newcastle West Newmarket Newmarket-on-F ... _. Newport Passage West Portlaw Rathcormack Rathkeale Rosscarbery Roscrea Sixmile bridge Skibbereen Tallow Tarbert T-emplemore Thurle·s · Tipperary Tr alee Tramore

679 1,862 1,515 542 1,143 1,300 2,830 9,917 . 9,049 4,275 3,109 4,08~ 116 972 1,771 1,625 1,185 669 1,304 1,438 593 1,536 1,524 979 2,058 3,408 3,668 695 1,046 498 2,289 2,341 1,214 2,704 ? 2,680 6,922 5,4U6 8,369 5,782 ? 2,938 1,570 1,687 1,497 346 ? 1,397 1,095 1,063 537 4,287 4,766 2,000 1,928 2,049 914 3,807 3,993 3,098 15,134 13,505 10,167 2,227 . 2,200 827 94,598 92,985 100,022 7,909 G,966 5,142 1,268 504 1,470 4,327 1,786 3,386 2,652 2,722 794 4,850 8,625 6,527 1,776 3,086 2,738 5,093 9,318 7,711 1,223 1,430 2,089 6,126 6,976 6,379 1,498 3,405 3,915 1,012 458 1,098 714 1,030 1,208 697 1,131 781 1,583 ? 4,388 1,122 1,072 1,339 1,752 1,016 1,782

1,411

2,009

885

6,715 1,578 982 3,199 3,996 1,963 7,312 66,554 2,894 3,199 5,229 2,034 1,935 1,429 726 3,545 1,175 8,466 2,908 1,437 1,118 852 2,141 1,618 1,574 4,972 1,522 5,512 1,491 4,429 2,998 956 2,936 7,084 6,972 9,568

5,964 1,786 1,917 4,794 5,071 1,772 6,918 65,296 3,007 4,194 6,851 4,591 2,162 797 1,295 4,181 1,306 8,618 2,917. 1,899 1,526 1,072 1,721 3,467 1,321 4,201 1,530 5,275 848 4,715 2)969 1,024 3,685 7,523 7,370 11,363

2,224

1,120

5,656 560 388 3,016 4,179 408 4,250 46,170 1,583 3,016 4,542 3,361 1,028 484 1,013 2,146 519 4,-704 2,599 965 504 637 2,027 1,105 256 1,749 532 2,325 374 3,208 964 410 2,774 4,411 6,281 9,867 1,733

Tulla Waterford Youghal

I Couotg Organising Conferences I

Population in 1831. 1841. 1901. 1,217 874 592 23,216 26,796 28,821 9,608 9,939 5,393

IN CONNACHTAthemy 1,319 1,236 Ballina 5,510 5,313 Ballinasloe 4,615 4,934 Ballimo be 2,604 2,678 Boyle 3,433 3,325 Carrick-on-Shannon 1,870 ' 1,984 Castlebar 6,373 5,137 Castlerea 1,172 1,233 Claremorris 1,476 2,256 Clifden 1,257 1,509 Crossmolina 1,481 1,672 Elphin 1,507 1,551 Eyrecourt 1,789 1,419 Foxford 1,068 680 Galway ? 17,275 Gort 3,627 3,056 Headford 1,647 1,441 Killala 1,446 .. 1,1~5 . 6,2.GS~ Loughrea 5,458 Manorhamilton 903 1,507 Mohill 1,626 1,606 Newport 1,235 1,091 Portumna 1,122 1,643 Roscommon 3,306 3,439 Sligo 15,152 12,272 Strokestown 1,547 1,611 Tu am 6,883 6,034 Westport 4,448 4,365

853 4,505 4,904 1,544 2,477 1,118 3,585 1,190 1,118 828 527 728 414 615 13,426 1,339 551 510 2,957 871 793

411

961 1,891 10,870 801 2,896 3,892

Of Ireland's 278 towns, 235 have declined in population· under the U~ion. Of these, 106 already showed a decline during the decade 1831-1841, at a time when the general population of Ireland was still incre_asing-from wh_ich we. can judge the specially destructive influence of English government on the town life of this country. In Ulster, 46 towns declined under the Union, 24 of them before 1841 ; in Leinster, 81 declined, 42 before 1841; in Munster, 80 declined, 28 before 1841; in Connacht, 28 declined, 12 before 1841. The Parliamentary Gazeteer of Ireland takes a town 0£ 2,000 inhabitants OF upwards to be a civic area, and classes all small towns with' the. rural areas. On this basis, 44 civic areas in Ireland have ceased to · be civic areas under the operation of the Union. No despotism, no state of war, no domestic disorder, has produced anywhere in the · world, civilised or uncivilised, during the nineteenth century, such achievements as British Peace and Law and Order and Civilisation can boast in Ireland. Eorn M4c NEILL.

- -- ·:·--IRISH HISTORY LECTURES. A lecture on "The Bruce Invasion " will be delivered in the Gaelic League Hall on Sunday next the 6th inst., at 8 p.m., by Arthur Griffiths. Admission by season ticket or on pa.y ment of 3d. ·at door. Those who intend to be present at this lecture are requested to come as early" as possible (after 7.30 p.m.) in order to facilitate the arrangements for seating the whole audience.

In the work of- recruiting for the Irish Volunteers it will be found more advantageous to organise from _local centres rather than direct from Dublin . Headquarters cannot, without neglecting the vital work of higher organisation, training and arming, take up the duty of organising individual groups broadcast. Such wonk must be done within the various counties by county authorities. Headquarters will approve of, or suggest, . schemes for recruiting, but much local help must be ·forthcoming. Each county must rely oh itself largely in the preliminary stages. In counties. whe!'e the organisation is still backward it will be found advisable to proceed by means of a p1:ovisional . County Conference . Such a Conference should not beclimited merely to delegates o{a:ffiliated Companies, but every district, even though th~ active sympathisers there be very few, should be represented. The reports of th~r var1ous representatives ·could enable si~~'-a. Conference to arrive at a very acc-fir~te idea of the state of affairs ip_. the county;• Starting with this information, plans ~fot organising, sui~ able to the local circumstances, could be devised. No unit, however small, should . be neglected. Five men living in a district of some local strategic importance may be of more value than twenty in a larger centre of population. Each member·of the Conference should take on himself the responsibility of seeing to the organisation of. a particular district. The Con£ erence s,hould meet regularly to re· view the work in the county as a whole, · and its secretary should keep in regular communication with the Director of Re· cruiting at Headquarters. We must banish the feeling of helplessness and lethargy. which seeins prevalen~ in some. districts. No district should wait to Qe organised. It can take very effective pre• liminary steps itself. Let the young men of each locality get into some organised shape of _ th~ir own accord. The organ• is~rs and instructors from Headquarters wil~ be sent to those districts which de: serve them. So will the guns. Volunteers and sympathisers in those counti~s which have not yet ·passed the preliminary stages of organisation are invited to communicate with the Director of Recruiting, who will take steps for the summoning of such Confor~rices .

SUBSGRIPTION.-THE IRISH VOLUNTEER will

be posted free to any address for one year at a cost of 6/6; for half a year, 3/3; for the. quarter, 1/8.

"C" COY. 2nd BATALLION, I. V. EQUIPMENT F·U,ND.

DON'T MISS

HEARING

Mr. P. H.. PEARSE At 41 Parnell Sq., February 6th, 8 p.m. There will be a beautiful selection of Songs and Recitations during the evening.

Prices

6d., 1s., 2s.

THE lii'ISH VOLlfNTEER . .

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JENNINGS, ~roprietor.

kinds of Household FurnitureIrish Manufacture .

BOOTS.

Best ever produced for comfort and ease in marching. Made in my own workshops by skilled Irishmen, under Trade Union-conditions.

Price 15/6.

.o.n 260.t> L.4 -o'e.6no.1f\, .o.5ur .o.n Ce.6nn C.6t.6 G.o.monn Ce.6nni:; Ind c.c.to.Olt'Le.6C orto.. 'Oo J'llnne.6-0 .o. L.&n 01bt1e 'OO l'.>.o.in Le l10it1uu50.-o .o.5ur Le l10.t'mJ.1L n.\ feinne. 'Oo 110.oni:;u15e.1"0 .O.l' .6 CUl' 1 5cmrhne -o'

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mno.1l'.> 50 l'.>fUILl"O r.& E;eo.f.611'.> 5 .6n f5<'l'.6tii1o.mi:; le n-.6 n -.o.t1mo.1t:> Le n -.6 f.605.c.L; 5Ul' ce.o.t1i: .o.1t1m uo con51'.>J.!L 1 n-J.1i:; rJ.t:>J.1Li:; e .6Ct; 10."0 "00 1'.>e1t .O.J'I r.c.E;J.1L 1 5corhtMl"Oe. 'Ounpof'i:; no. feinne,

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.o.rnmm u:S.o.'O. .O.n C.6pi:o.on l10.m 6 ffi.601L for.6 ue 1'.>t11-0m n.o. u'C1mt1t1i cum l'.>e1t m.o. Ce.o.nn c~~t.6.

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'11he Central Executive of the Irish ·

Volunteers met at Headquarters on Wednesday evening, 26th January", Commandant Ea.111onn Ceannt in the chair. A large amount of business connected with organisation and arming was transacted. It was agreed to remind Volunteers of their obligation not to part with their weapons but with their lives, and of the desirability of keeping their weapons m safe, but accessible, places . HeadquaTters, 2 Dawson St., Dublin, 26th Jan., 1916 .

THE AUXILIARY. · Enrolment forms to be signed by members of the Auxiliary and forms with spaces for ten names, to be used by Organisers of the Auxiliary, can be obtained from the General Secretary.

R eduction for Companies .

J. MALONE, 67 NORTH KINC

~TREET,

DUBLIN.

"for the Instituti on:, the Mansion ·

"C"1on6L oo l'.>i '-'5 Corho.1t1Le :5n6t.6 femne f .&1L m.6 n'Ounpof'i:; i:;l'.&tn6n.6 'O.. Ce<.\-o.o.oin,

p&'OR0.1C Ce.o.nn

1782--1913.

VOLUNTEERS'

[,_H_E_A_D_.Q_u_A_R_T_E_R_s_B_u_L_L_E_T_I_N_-=I

[Notes from Headquarters!

or the

Coittage.

You are invited to inspect our stock of

THE -HEADQUARTERS PACE. This page is easily the least attractive in THE lH.rsH VoLUNTEER . But is by far the most important. Most of the things that appear elsewhere .in the VOLUNTEER are "obiter dicta ." The things printed here are "~es judicatre ." Other writers ex:press opinions; we announce decisions . The things ordered and counselled here are ordered and counselled because Headquarters wishes them to be carried out. It is the duty of every Volunteer officer and man to read this page in order that he may know what H eadquarters wants him to do . Members of the Organising Staff, when they find fault because something is not done, are often met with the ·excuse, "I didn't know it was an order." This is no excuse. A Volunteer officer who does not make himself acquainted with the orders published on this page is neglecting his business . The things which ha~e been constantly urged on this :page for the past eighteen months have been so urged because Headquarters has · ·certain very definite ~ims · in view· and · because it wants the officers and men to realise what those a.ims are and to work towards them.

3. Marching; Cyclint; Study Country . 4. Constant Target Practice . 5. Training of Scouts .

IDEALS. There is a very simple ideal tq be aimed CLOSE FIRE KITCHEN RANGES at in each of these departments; and, unbefore ordering elsewhere. We guarantee like most ideals, these ideals are attainthem to cook perfectly, and to be econoable. mical in fuel. Our prices are right. 1. As to mobilisation: P erfect and test a. scheme which will enable you to assemble your unit (if a Company or 21 & 22 CHRISTCHURCH PLACE. smaller than a Company) with full equipEstimates free. Telephone: Dublin 261. ment, in one hour from the receipt of order. ' "Everything that is nJOt lrish must be 2. Have a gun which will shoot, with a Fore.ign." reasonable amount of ammunition there1 1 for, and a bayonet or ,other weapon which R. 8a~r~00 s will stab, for every man in your unit; Irish, Vol:u .1JJteie1r TaH01rs and Drapers, have also, if possible, a reserve of these 11 _~PPER. Q1 CONNELL. ST., DUB'Ll.N. things . ' 3. Teach your men to march four miles .0. 5"1e'l'.>e.6L.6, C.6t'.>f\u151-o Le :S-<1et>e"l !. an hour with equipment; to cycle eight; Fo1'. real' Be.d~ro.ck Value in Groceries and to know every highway and by-way in C.onfectionery try your district and to take cover. M. O'R.LORDAN AND CO., 4. Shooting is not a mystery . Every 1 and 2 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CORK. man who has not a serious physica.l defect can be taught to shoot. Teach every man CITY CLUB CICARETTES. 10 for 4di. in your unit to knock a naggin bottle . . TRY THEM. with a miniature at twenty-five yards . 5. Teach your scouts to get from any · 'COBACCONISTS, point to any other point .in your district, 31 Exchequer. Street a1nd 10a Aonigfer . by day or night, without being seen by Street. 'l1HE AIMS . Established 1894. anybody; and to bring you back exactly The aims are : (1) Rapidity of Mobili- the information you sent them out to get. TELEPHONE 222. :sation; (2) Completion of Armament; (3) Mobility in the field; (4) Marksmanship; DISCIPLINE. -(5) Good Scouting. Other things are imFinally, establish and enforce disportant, but these are the essentials. cipline. Show your men that you are LINES OF WORK. their comrade by shar'i ng their hardships; Sc.ulp~or Here, then, are the lines of work show them that you a,re· their commander :marked out for commanders of units: by seeing that they do what you tell 1. Perfection of Mobilisation Schemes. them. You must have them so well in .2. Completion of their men's Arma- hand that if ever they go into action. no man will e_ither hesitate. or be precipitate. ment. MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, Etc~.

GLEESON, O'DEA &Co., Ltd.;

GLEESON &co.

P. Conway & Co.

JOHN A. O'CONNELL KIN(; STRftT, CORK.,

THE I AI SH VOLU N1EE it

Saturday, February 5th, 1916 .

I=--------------------------------------------------to A

MILITA R Y CAUSE RIE

Anci ent Weapons and Mod:e:rn1 Methods, with a No1 te:·oni Hygiene.

Recently we put forward tentatively and almost apologetically the suggestion tb;t stones might be found to be useful weapons in close range fighting. We have since then come upon an interesting dc.cument which tells of their actual and effective use in the present war. It appears that during the battle of Suvla Bay the supply of hand-grenades of a British combing party g~ve 01it, and that they kept up the fight for some time with stones, and by hurling back such of the Turkish bombs as reached them unexploded . The fuse of a. hand-grenade is auanged so as to cause the explosion four seconds after its release, and I have it on the authority of a British officer - that quite frequently inen of both sides have caught enemy bombs and hurled them back on the original throwers . Naturally the man who can do this must be pretty quick with his hands . I would suggest that playing catch with a· cricket ball would be a useful exercise for Volunteers. *

'l'he aeroplane in warfare is a source of terror to some of our pessimists, and everyone will admit that the great powers of ld · d b th" ob servat10n possesse y is arm wou th • th 1 h · be as muc gam to e enemy as -e ac k · of them would be loss to us. We must, therefore, try to minimise the information they can pick up, and fortunately the means. are at hand . So cheer up! , We are not sure whether or not it has already been pointed out that hedge-s are of great valu.e as a protection from observation from ab.ove. A firing line well posted along a good hedge would be extremely difficult to locate, and impossible to. count. The aeroplane, it should be remembered, canI).ot descend lower than two thousand yards for fear of rifle fire, and is, therefore, valuable c_liiefly .for obtaining information on · a big scale; of thi's we shall ·hardly have very much to give. By marching in files under cover of the hedges bounding the. roads an advancing force can partially conceal its movements and greatly conceal its strength not tnerely £rotn aeroplanes but from rising groti-nd as well . .. * .. ! am afraid I am a bit discursive this week, but the approach of the season of camps suggests another subject of discourse. In camp and in the field (for hedge-fighting is hardly conducive to efficient nursing and surgery) our casualt ies will have to be their own first-aiders, if not their own doctors and surgeons too. It is obvious that the supply of bandages and medicaments in the hands of the First Aid sections will not be unlimited, and, therefore, for his own use as well as their_s every Volunteer, who is not supplied with an official fie1d-dressing, should supply himself with a tube of Tincture of Iodine (preferably not of glass), some sticking-

11 NIGHT OPERATIONS 1-

plaster, some gauze, and a few bandages, 1.-CENERAL PRINCIPLES. with some safety-pins. 'I'he whole should The essentials for the success of night be enclosed in a large envelope and placed· operations are discipline and cohesion, in the right hip pocket of the tunic. and they are therefore likely to end in * discomfiture to untrained or half-trained Casualties <lo occur occasionally in troops. Such forces, however, depending camp. Barbed wire wounds the Volun- to · a large extent on the element of teer, whether it is situated in enemy en- surprise in warfare; of necessity have to tanglements or not; sco11ts come to grief conduct a certain amount of their moveeven when there is no enemy to snipe ments at n1ght. Some brief notes on the them; a. restive bicycle has put many a subject will therefore be of value. good man out of action; many slightly The objeots of night operations are wounded ·asualties have been reported many. Night marches may be underwhen an entry had to be forced into the taken simply . to avoid the heat of the quartermaster's sardine tins. The above- day; an advance which was held up by mentioned field 0 dressing should, there- daylight may be found possible to confore, accompany every Volunteer to camp. tinue by night ; movements that could * * have been observed by air-craft by day There are also many other soldier's · can be Qonducted secretly by night; friends which should find a place in every tactical surprises may be achieved; and pack, both in peace and war. He is a so on. Surprise1, as we have already said, is well-equipped soldier and a joy to his camp C.O. who provides himself with oil usually the main object. Secrecy in preor dubbin for his boots, foot powder for ·paration is therefore important. · It is his feet, vaseline for his chapped or sun- not, however, all-sufficient. Thoroughbaked face, and taqlets of ammoniated ness in detail and care in the preliminary quinine, so that, having forded he river arrangem~ntS must not be omitted. in face of overwhelming odds, he may not Spe1ciail training in night operations is catch cold on the further bank. Slight . necessary to . secure .success. All Comcasualties are a nuisance to the General panies should therefore set to work in of Irregulars. For who can hedge-fight this direction by holdino·0 occasional n1ight '. ld f ~ · h. ld · h - · - - · Wl~hd,?_ .QO _eet, or,SCOU±....ll¥ lt a-OO lil t e ·-mafches--=~h . ' not omittino• . o to use protective. . ea · troops .o~ all occaswns .. E . O'D. ~rehmrnairy rooonina~ssai nce .and t~e mamt~ma.nce ?f conn~ct10n between umts are ot the highest l~portance, and deserve a separate sect10n; 2.-R ECONNAI SSANC E. Almost every Branch has taken out a Under exceptionally favourable circu:m- cou:rse of lectures in F irst Aid by this. stances a night march may be conducted This is so much very good work done. without preliminary reconnaissance, but The next thing is that every Branch sees the commander who orders it incurs a thatits members have the necessary outfit . very serious responsibility. We may, in case anything occurs which might call therefore., lay it down as a definite rule their knowledge into play . Each mem- that no night operations should be conber should have a small Firsf -Aid outfit ducted without ~reliminary reconnaisin readiness. In each outfit ~here should sance . be: (1) A small bottle of iodine; (2) A For a night march the route should be camel hair brush (3) Package 0£ boric examined both by day and by night, and powder; (4) Adhesive plaster; (5) R ubber this examination should be made with tne plaster; (6) Triangular bandage; (7) 2-in. object of discovering the best method of roller bandage; (8) Finger banadge; (9) protecting the column . Points where P iece of lint of gangee tissue . checks are likely to be met with, branch roads, places _where the 'column might go NOTES ON TR.AIN I NC (continued). astray, should all be noted. Recognisable TRANSMITTING STATION . landmarks should also be observed, When two stations are out of ran"ge ail For advances and assaults, or .ap.y intermediate or transmitting station may operations involving fighting, the ground Ee employed, and the duties in ·such. must be reconnoitred, or at l:!ny rate obstation will be a combination of the above- served, by daylight, and all obstacles, mentioned stations . natural or artificial, and use~ul landIt will be necessary to combine these marks carefully noted. Scouts should .be duties when there are only two available sent from all units inv9lved; and . these for each station. should act as guides to their units in the PRACTICE. subsequent events. Every signaller should be trained to The subject of night operations divides perform the various duties of a station . itself intoTransmitting messages word for . word Night marches, should receive special attention, · each Night advances, taking a turn at the different duties . Night assaults, [END OF THIS SECTION.] · Defe:z;i.ce by ·night.

I-

Cuma_n n na m B an

tHE lR1$H VOLUNtEER.

Le.o.o.o.n un1tLe u65t&c.o.10 n.o. tH31ne.o.nn (.0.l' le.dnm.dmt:).

=--------------------------------------------..------' flllARE T/J 5/CHAL.. REAoY l :B.

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FOR NEW COMPANIES

Being letters- of advice written by a Volunteer officer as a help towards the formation and training of new Companies. LETTER I.

. I

li.

{NO OF )HON~

(jRCLE

CHARA,

Yours is not the only parish just a.t present where the young men have to think straight, are beginning to talk straight, and want to begin to act straight. Now, thinking and talking are all very well in their way, but the sooner you get do,vn to actual work the better. Lose no time in speech-making but get your nien together-be the number large or small-and begin training .. 'rhe first thing you must do is to form your little company into sections of anything from 10 to 25 men under section commanders, who will be personally responsible for the attendance and training of all men in their sections. I think even if you can only muster 40 men it is a good plan to form 4 sections of 10 men each, leaving it to the section leaders to recruit up to standard. If you can get a hall or house of sufficient size you should meet for indoor wor¥: one night every week, and for outdoor work ev~ry second Sunday. With regard to the training I think most of your men went through any amount of close order drill in the old days, so it will not be necessary to spend any time at that. Give them a run over it as quickly as you can and get on as soon as possible to the more important parts of the work. You must vary the indoor work in order tO keep the men's interest up. Jn addition to drill, Bayonet and pike fighting, and signalling, you can have elementary · talks about military subjects-the theory of musketry, hedge-fighting, attat;k and defence, local positions, etc.-and i£ desired you can ha.v e physical drill, gymnastics, boxing, singlesticks, and so on. But the indoor work is, - of course, not half as important as the field work . It is only in the open that the principies of scouting and reconnaisance can ever be learnt, and perfection in this branch is absolutely essential to a force like . 01gs. Every second Sunday, then, arrange a small manoouvre, either an attack and defence, or a delaying action, or, simpler still, a despatch-carrying game or a raid by three or- four· on some position 0

•

'll'llAB!TICAL

s1c11

y [NO OF . Flf'Tlf

. 9!£{'(

'Otltlt. utt.o.tiM.151'0 cum com.o.n.to.1ste. "'Oitteoc.<11'6 " n.d ritt "15ur co1me.&ur.&1u n.& bl'd1t: ru.&r 'Oit'e.&c 1 5comn1t'.> .& t..&m. ulto.ti10.1s1-0-Le.1st.&l' .&n cor ct.e t:U.11f\1m 10 n-61'\..dc 1 te.&tt:.do1t'.> <im.dc. le15t:e.&l' rior n:6 bf\.&1t: F..&1'0 .& l\"15.&1'6 M1 -p.& t.&1m. Cmf\t:e.&f\ Cf\.dnn .&n t'.>l\.d1t: -oe11• t:l\e.&rn.& .&n cmn e1t.e ,65ur t.&rmu1c -oe. r:os-n.0.151-0~.o., b, 1l't, Se.&rd1E;e.&'6 .&n com<111t61l' "Oif\e.&c .&11 .&E;.&1'6 .&n -ot11ne n6 .&n rt:.&1r1um -so mbe1'6 re <15 CUI' t:e.dCt:.:11J1e.&Ct:d cm5e. n.& te15e.:1'6 re -oor nd bJl<it:.:11t'.> 'OUt l\6fd'Od rMf\. n.& t.e15e.&t> re '061t'.> t>e1t ."15 ctuu.&c .1 ce1te t.e tmn (> n6 '(; n6 W n6 .6.11 "COril.dl'tA1 U1rilf\edc" 'OO '6eundm. C<ir.&'6 re t:1mce.&tl '11' d Cf\Om.&n.&1t'.> te tmn coril.dl'tA1i mA111 11, O, X, -oo '6eun.dril,

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

-· · •·· irdav. February Lth, 1916.

CHOSTS AND PENNY LIVES. strongiy held by the rest of the ComDON'T· FORGET pa:qy. In these ·manoouvres_insist on the Belfast, 29th J an., 1916. men taking cover and keeping cover perTO THE EDITOR. fectly, and if you do this you will ad' A. C~ara, -You will, I feel sure, be vance very rapidly towards efficiency. LITTLE SHOP gratified to learn that I have arranged You certainly ought have at least a with P. H. Pearse to supply four Penny For Big Value in Chandlery, qu~ter of your force mounted - on Lives, - that is, short studies of Tone, Tobacco, Cigarettes, etc. bicycles. They will help you to keep Davis, Lalor and Mitchel, which will approper communication with the other pear in rapid. succession as "Tracts for IRISH GOODS A SPECIALITY. neighbouring companies and with Headthe fimes." P.H. Pearse bas written an quarters and, in addition, if well trained, ama2:ingly good tract called "Ghosts,'' Wexford Dublin. ~ill inc~ease by 50 per cent. the efficiency which will be issued shortly. And as he of your Company. says himself, his. Ghosts will be hard to Unlike our city Volunteers, your men COURT LAU-ND.R Y, lay! .After "Ghosts" has appeared, the are all good wal~kers and tough, so that 58a HARCOURT STREE.T, DUBLIN. "Penny Life of Tone" will be published. (Proprietor, H. c. Y(atson), they will not require as much practice Telephone--1848. As: this matter is one of national interest, in route marching·- - I£ you march three of Silver Medal for Fancy Ironing I am venturing to claim a few lines in. · Winners Work, and Diploma for Shirts and Collars or four miles do some field work and at- Manchester Laundry Exhibition, 1913. your valuable paper.-Mise do Chara, march back again you will have done Post Paid one way on or~ers of 2/6 • .A. NEWMAN, For pollars and Shirts only. fairly well. Editor of "Tracts for the Times." On the Sundays that you do not have field work you ought to get- the men toRings gether after last Mass for range practice, EVERY F .AGILITY for choosing exactly and it would be at some convenient time the ring you · require is offered at like that, that your committee (consistBAKERIES, GANTER BROS • .Almost unlimited seI.ecing of . company commander and section tion. No_ hurry, no rush, no ·pressure. 2E~ WILLIAM STREET comµianders) could meet and make arCatalogue free on request. AND rangements for the next week's work. SARSFIELD STREET, Above. all, make sure that in all your · work you consider local conditions. I GANTER BROS., . LIMERICK. can do no · more than show you the 63 South Creat c_eorge's Street, general lines on which training should All Classes . of Feeding Stutts Stocked. DUBLIN. proceed . I shall deal further and in more detail with the matter next week. IRISH HISTORY LECTURES. Till then, go n-eirghe leat. 6th February, 1916-" The Bruce Invasion." • ,0.fl{; 0 :Sfliol'.>t<i

LARKIN'S

st.,

J ,4 DHN

DALY'S

Wl\Kt'I t'E

.ADMISSION THREEPENCE.

I The Dublin Brigade · 1 "Defence ORDERS FOR WEEK ENDINC FEBRUARY 6th, 1916.

1. Ah classes as usual. .2. Lectures for Junior Officers on Wednesday and . Saturday at 8 _p.m. -All Officers of the Dublin Briga de·.w~ll attend on Saturday the 5th February. 3. Inspection of 5th Batt. by Briga.de Commandant at Swords on Sunday at 12 noon. E. DE VALERA, Brigade Adjutant.

of the Rea-l m Act in IPeland."

The aim of this pamphlet is to show that the Realm .Act is the latest and worst form of Engliish Coercion Acts.

.All cases of terrorism, persecution~ bullying and deportations in Ireland are fully revealed and 1explained. H is a most valuable publication, and is

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Lr. Dorset St

Specialists.

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D. McCULLOUGH MUSICAL WAREHOUSE,

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VOLUNTEE.RS

Get a dozen post free for 1 /- and hand them around.

Get Your New Overcoat from

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L.DQYLE

WHELAN and SON,

2 TALBOT ST., DUBLIN

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"THE GAEL" A Weekly Journal of Thrilling Stories, Sketches, News, Notes, etc., etc.

OM SALE EVERY WEDNESDAY.

SPLENDID SELECTION OF RELIABLE IRISH. MATERIALS AT REASONABLE PR,CES. We are an exclusively "IRISH FIRM ." employing only IRISH -LABOUR.

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CAE LS~Wh ere

to ' get your News, . 1'ell your Newsagent to order a supply from his Wholesaler or fromStatio,n ery, Cigar'e ttes, General Fancy Goods,_ etc., etc. 'I'HE GAELIC PRESS,

Faolain

BANOS •

,. , VOLUNTEE RS, we ask your support when starting Bagpipe .or other Bands. We are actual Ill,jl,kers· in Ireland, and can give you better and cheaper Instruments than those who are merely . Importers. 'Best Uilean Bagpipe& always in stock. Chanter, Bag, and Bellows, 75S. net. Wholesale .Agent for all publications Write for lists. by Carl Hardebeck.

30· UP. LI F FEY STREET, DUBLIN.

SUITS, 42s The Irish .• Tweed House (John

to 84s . .

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Neligan;

Man~ger),

4 CAPEL STREET, DUBLIN, and 50 Upper George's Street, Kingstown.

35 LOWER DORSET STREET.

AN CLiMANN COSANTA Insures lrlsh Volunteers .against Victimisation by their Employers.

Write for particulars to the SE1cretary, I.V. Headquarters1 2 Dawson Street, · · Dublin. ·

USE

"Green Cross Night ·Lights.'' MADE IN IRELAND.

T HE HUSH VOLUNTEEn.

1 N A FIANN A ElREANN t ------.....---------------------·---------------------------MAP REA DIN C (continued) . (4) By Spot Levels.-The height of The ·Pole Star may be said to be fixed certain points on . the map are marked in due north on the meridian. It is not . figures . On military maps and field sketches sitqated exactly at the North Pole, but it is never more than one and a half degrees hills are represented by contours. Condis_tant . The Pole Star may be fo und by tours enable us to determine the height means of the very conspicuous constella- of any particular spot on the map ; they ti9:µ -kn.own as_ the Great Bear (Ursa show us the shape of the hillsides, Major), or, as · it is more often called in whether concave or convex, in section, this country, tJ:.!e Plough . This constella- and indicate gentle or steep slopes . tion contains seven very bright stars and c these are arranged as shown in the lower portion of Fig. 1. Fo-ur of the stars seem to

Saturday, February 5th,

1916.

Miss E. MacHug~ 0

63" Talbot Street, DUBLIN.

Lucanit , P ierce, Swift, Rudge, B.S ..A. New . Bicyeles. Cash. 5asy Payment s. Repairs. Aecessories. Second-hand Bicycles froI? 15/- . Prams and Gramophones Repaired .

. Qifles. Guns. Qepairs. .

All kinds· .22 Ammunition . All Boards, T~rgets. Cleaning Rods, Pull Throughs, Oils, and all Rifle Sundries.

CATALOCUES ON APPLICATION.

L. KEEOAN,

gr:e ai:~ke~

3 INN'S QUAY, DUBLIN. Telephone 2574.

" -0.l' F rn . 2.

We appeal to you as ·a Gael orlly for ·a trial order. We are ce.rtain to give you satisfaction. LADIES' AND GENT'~ TAILOR.

The Veir tiole1I niter'Val (V. I.).

Frn . 1. form .an irregular. square, while the other ·three are arranged in a curved line ext ending from one of the . corners of the square, and are sometimes referred to as the tail 9f the Bear. The two stars at the head are called "the Pointers" because, if a straight line be drawn so as to join them and then be extended to about five times i_ts own iength it will almost pass through the Pole Star, which is the star at the tip of the _tail of the Little Bear (Ursa Minor) . With the exception of the Pole Star, the stars of the Little Bear, which fo~m ·almost the same shape ·as the P lough, are not nearly so brilliant - and are therefore not so easily seen . with the naked eye. · H ill Feiat u r·es.

· There - . . are. several methods used to represent hill feahtres :(1) By Contours.- Contours are imagina~·y lines running round a hill at the same level all the way round; each contour represents ·a fixed rise or fall of a certain number of feet. - (2 .) ByHachures. -Hachures are short disconnected strokes of the pen, by which the shading of hill features may be effected; the strokes are drawn directly down from the slopes. (3) By Shading.-The highest levels are shown darkest, the next in height less dark, and so on.

Sc.dt A Ce1te SeA'O md1f\1'0 nA 'OAome,"-A :E; ae'OeAtA :-

p-6.'0R-0.15 0

bO'Ol~lR,

The difference in height between two 2 LOWER OR _M OND QUAY. adjacent contours ·is always a fixed number of feet, which is called the vertical SCH 0 0 L. AUTOMOBILE interval. The V. I. should be stttted on VOLU NTEERS, every map. For instance, in F ig . 2 the We give you a Complet e P ractical Course in ' V . I. is 50 feet . Therefore the distance Mot or Car Driving, Mechanism, and repair s for 2 GUINEAS. between A and c being 250 feet, is shown Up-to-date-Cars. Certificat e when compet ent. by five contours . The most convenient · 4 Dartmouth Place, Ranelagh Road, D U BLIN. V. I. for fie~d sketching is 20 f e.et. CAHILL'S s10,pes. MACIC BLOOD PURIFIER, 1 /· & 2/·• Pimples, Spots; Skin Erupt ions, cools The different kind of slopes are termed Removes · th~ blood, regulates the system. uniform, concave, or convex. ARTHUR J. CAHILL, , (1) Uniform Slope . -When the conThe National Cherp.ist, tours are at equal intervals apart the 82a LOWER DORSET STREET, DUBLIN. slope is uniform . When the contours are close together the- slope is steep, and ·VOLUNTEERS I Se.nd your S~ lrts, Collars,, &c.when wide apart the slope is gentle. To THE (2) Concave Slope. -A slope is concave NATIONAL LAUNDRY, when' it passes over successive contours 60 South William- Street, DU B LI N. of which the lower are wide apart (Fig 2, SUITS AND UNll'ORMS CLEANED AND PRESSED IN Two DAYS. ' line c to E) and the up'p er close .together · (line c __to n) . Irish Made Shirts, Caps, PopUn: Ties, (3). Convex Slope.- A slope is convex CoHars, Hosfory, eto. when it passes over successive contours, THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIMERICK. of which the lower are close together p-&un.-0.15 o h--O.ttmutW.rn, (Fig . 2, line A to B) and the upper are . Draper, , wide apart (line B to c). 10 WILLIAM STREET-, LIMERICK. You will readily understand from the 5<1e'01t 1r e at> rinn ~ ne foregoing that when the line of sight belr n i n.d1f\ l1nn e. tween any .two points of a slope is open Give us a trial order for FRESH IR I SH OAT· (i.e., when one point is visible from the MEAL, MACROOM OATMEAL, TEAS, from 2/ 4 to 3 / -. Sent Post Free. other) the slope is concave; and when .the -MacCURTAIN BROS., line of sight is interrupted (i .e., when one SH ANDON .ST.· and 40 THOMAS qAVIS · point is not visible ·from the other) the 52· 54 ' ST., CORK. slope is convex. F I RST AID CLASSES P ADRAIC

RrAIN.

[NoTE .-In last week's notes the diagrams were misplaced ·in error. The conventional sign to show the magnetic variation should have been Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 should appear at the end of the second paragraph .]

For Members of ,Cumann na mBan, Thursday aft ernoon, 4 t o 5.30, beginning October 29th. Those }Vishing t o attend should apply by let ter t o Hon. Secs., Cumann na _mBan E xecut ive, 2 Dawson Str eet. Print ed for the P ropriet ors at Mahon's Printing Works, Dublin , and published at the Volunteer H eadquarter s, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin.