· J~Y
EDITED Vol. 2.
EOIN MAC NEILL.;
SATURDAY, FEBt;WARY 12th·, 1916.
No. 62. (New Series).
I=---------------------------ii NOTES
I
Dr. Starkie and others have lent themselvi::s to be the mouthpieces of a twofold accusation against "the Irish Volunteers under the committee presided over by Mr . MacNeill." One of our crimes has been: "hostility to the G9vernment of the country" ; the other, "hostility to recruitment for the forces of the Crown." Hostility to the present form of the Government of Ireland is the attitude of every honest supporter of Ireland's cfaim to self-government. The Government of Ireland is the cause of disaftection towards the Governm_e nt of Ireland, and is at present causing more a:~d more disaffectio~- towards itself and laying ~he foundation for more solid disaffection than ·it has encountered since it was compelled to reform · its Land .Laws against lreland. * * * The other crime 1s that of "acting in a manner prejudicial to recruitment for the forces of the Crown." Here again, it it easy to show that the conduct of those engaged in advocating recruitment, some of them at handsome salaries, has been the most powerful anti-recruiting agency that could be devised. Poor men have been heavily fined and imprisoned for such offences against r ecruiting as the singing of " God Save Ireland," while a swarm of incompetents have been paid large sums for turning the Government's recruiting campaign into a public laughing stock by their ridiculous oratory. This was admitted some months ago by the "authorities" and Mr. Redmond, and we were told that Mr. Redmond would institute a better method, and that the Viceroy would take charge. * * * It is very unwise for poor men to get sent to jail for doing what Mr. Redmond . can do far better . . I am not referring to the crusade of factious vituperation carried on under Mr. Redmond's auspices by Mr. Redmond's lieutenant, though not King George's lieutenant or even private-Mr. Tom O'Donnell, M.P.-a hopeless crusade of political faction under the pretence of recruiting for the British Army. I refer to the new and improved methods, introduced , by Mr. Redmond
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PRICE ONE PENNY·.
: 'f :-'"~
himself. The English Viceroy at Galway People, and Mr. Redmond claims the last week had the satisfaction of listen- support of everybody _in Ireland who is ing to an Irish political leader who stood not contemptible. H as the Free People be~ide him and sa.i d that everybody in set up the standa.rd? Has it been conIreland who does not dance to the tunes sulted about the standard? Have Mr. the English Government gramophone Redmond's followers . been consulted? is ." .contemptible." There was once a How w~s the standit~"ii :~rived at? This fox who said that grapes were contempti- was not explained in Galw!:\y. Mr. Birble, but he didn't think so . Mr. Red- rell "made no bones about it . ~' Appamond's "con~emptible" will be taken as · rently he was tired listening to the other a fresh watc.hword of faction- and will be ·.,,bone-makers and their pleas, so "he p1it through all the cases and numbers would mak~ no bones about it, he just and degrees of comparison and words and wanted men." Mr . Birrell can be tenses by the minor apostles of the new humorous, even in the present state of national unity. It is a proud achieve- . Europe . He must ~njoy the grand plea ment for an Irish political leader to pour which appeals so strongly to his humorcontempt on _Irishmen-or rather to try ous colleagues and political allies, and to do so~in the presence of the repre- to the humour-forsaken «Irish Times" sentative of the -English Government in - the plea that "Ireland will be disIreland.- Only for thaj; aspect of the · graced .i~ _.the gaps in Iris~ Regiments · thing-and it is ·a nasty aspect-Mr. have to be filled up with Englishmenand Redmond's contempt would be food for Scotchmen ." From this plea two conlaughter. It is as if a man up to his clusions follow . The more gaps and the neck in a -bog was ·to shout "contempti- bigger gaps are made in those regiments, ble" against men on the firm roadway . the more effectually will Ireland be disIt will not bring the Viceroy a single re- graced. The other conclusion is equally cruit. plain. Every English or Scotch regiment . •* which contains Irishmen is a disgraced * * But the watcliword of faction did not regini.ent1 a disgrace to Englan,d- or Scote:x:haust Mr. Redmond's demonstration land. The new methods thus afford a of the new methods. He wound up his . double proof that Great Britain has forspeech by the extraordinary declaration feited all claim to self-government. tha~, if recruiting does not come up to * * * In September, 1914, and for several the standard set up for Ireland, then Ireland will be unworthy of self-govern- months afterwards, Mr . Redmond kept ment. That is to say, if Mr. Redmond's proclaiming that he had actually won new policy proves a failure, he declares Home Rule for Ireland. Quite recently himself ready to become a Unionist . N;' o Mr. Dillon repe£lted the claim, said that other meaning can be taken out of the the Home Rule Act was better than Galway pronouncement. It is only the Grattan's Parliament, and asked, "Could logical and natural fulfilment of the King George forego his signature?" Sharp Curve. But it will not bring the Those who dared to doubt that we were already in enjoyment of Home Rule, Viceroy a single recruit . among them the Bishop of Limerick, * * * We know that recruiting in England were declared by Mr. Redmond to be does not come up to the Government Mrs ~ Gummidges. Now they have -the standard, and so compulsion had to be consolation or the pang of reading in adopted. Possibly Mr. Redmond under- Mr. Redmond's Galway speech that Mr. stands that compulsion means the end 0£ Redmond himself is a Mrs. Gummidge. popular self-government in England. At So far from having Home Rule, we are all events the British Democracy has now now told that, as things stand, we are learned, on Mr. Redmond's authority, not worthy of Home Rule. As a compenthat it has proved itself unworthy of self- sation, however, ·we have Eight Millions a year of additional taxation-which, if government. it gets time, will deprive County Galway * * * and the rest of Ireland, Ulster included, And this standard set up for Ireland..;\ ho has set it up, and upon what foundo- of the present surplus of population. lion? Mr. Asquith says we are a Free Th:is topic is out of order for the great
of
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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.
Saturday, February 12th, 1916.
but after Sir Edward Carson had laid the "Irish Times " to suggest that there down as a maxim of public conduct that are in Listowel . seven Old and Tired * * * "there are illegalities which are not . Nationalists, to any one of whom it l£ this is the New · Model for Recruit crimes," h~ was made a Cabinet Minister would be a rejuvenation and a rest to fill ment, .the censured and repudiated and chief legal adviser to the Crown . the gap in North Louth at £4DO ·a year, pra,tors of earlier days have a grievance. The Dublin jury has acted as a London at a time when even the addition of Eight It may be said that their lurid style had jury acted on a celebrated occasion in Millions a year to the taxation of Ireland a better chance than the hard reasoning English history, the acquittal of - the does not make it necessary or desirable of the New Method with a thick-witted seven bishops in 1688, when King James to speak, -a ct, or vote with the Irish Irish audience. Arid how are we to con- in his ca.mp at Hounslow heard the ver- Parliamentary Party at Westminster. l£ tend with the "Irish Times," which sets dict cheered by his own army . There we may believe the daily papers, during itself the very next day .t o belittle the were cheers in the· Dublin court when this time of war, Mr . Whitty, who is Galway effort, and goes so far as to say Mr. MacCabe's acquittal was announced, ready to do his bitty in North Louth or that their is no likelihood of a German but I a~ told by one who was present at home for North Louth and £400 a year, invasion of Ireland, at the very time that the cheers were follo wed by an ex- comes from even farther south than L iswhen Sergeant-Major Miles Gloriosus ·tp.e plosion in the court itself- the whole towel, and, the Uncle being young and Slasher O'Rahilly is trying to make the crowded court, with the solitary excep- fresh, it is hardly likely that the Nephew blood run cold in Lord Lansdowne's un- tion ~£ the judge, and not excepting the belongs to the 0.T.C ., the Old and Tired ransomed tenants by telling them that police, broke into laughter. That was Contingent . There is no doubt that by what the Germans really want is to be- the public verdict on the administration electing the Nephew to £400 a year and_ come farmers in K erry. of the Defence of the Realm Act in Ire- thus, so to speak, keeping the money in * * * land. · ' the family, North Louth might discover The Dublin _Port and Docks Board is * * * a new way to pay old debts. In June, complaining that, instead of business as I have been asked who is_Mr. Whitty? 1914, the Irish public were informed by usual , the commerce and business of My only information on the subject is manifesto that "tried (not t ired) and Dublin is. undergoing a sort of blockade derived from daily newspapers, which experienced men representative of the at present. Ca.n the Board not rise to the are now chiefly remarkable for the country" were a "sine qua. non" for the True Empire P atriotism of Mr. Birrell amount of information tliey are not perproper management of the Irish Volunand get rid of its narrow local aims? mitted to publish. However, the Censor teers- an experiment which has had Lord Wimborne does not seem sure of has shown no objection, in the public in.thorough trial under the direction of its the value of Mr. Birrell's prescription . terest, to the statement in the papers inventor since that time . The Irish He congratulated University College, that Mr: Whitty is a nephew of Mr. Dick Galway, on its cultivation of . the Irish Haz1eton, and that he has been adopted Parliamentary Party was to have the language, literature and history . J?er- by a. ·convention as parliamentary candi- management of the managers. Hence we haps ·that was what Mr. Birrell called date for North Louth. His Uncle, at must believe that anyone selected to fill a. gap in the Party must be tried and ex'_'making bones." Mr. Redmond's instance, wrote to the perienced and representative of the * * "Freeman's Journal" early in 1914 con- country in a superlative degree, and it No~ as I am on Recruitment, let me demning and denouncing the Volunteer would be nothing short of a slap in the say plainly that if any Irishman is conmovement root and branch . Then came face and a stab in the back at the same vinced that he will serve Ir-eland by bethe first surrender on the Ulster question; time to suggest that Mr. Hazleton's coming a Britis]l soldter, and if he acts . and after that, with the approval of the N ephew is not highly tried, highly exon that conviction, he is a patriotic and "w·estminster Gazette," speaking £qr experienced, and highly representative of a brave man . l£ any Irishman thinks the Liberal Government, Mr. R edmond the country. It is a pleasure to be able sincerely - that Mr. Redmond is entitled decided to. take charge of the Irish to add this information to the extremely to be the keeper of hl.s political conVolunteers. A few months later, Mr. brief biographical particulars to which science, and that he serves Ireland · by Redmond declared his objection to No- the exigencies of an Imperial crisis have following Mr. Redmond's advice without bodies. From this it may be inferred restricted the Press of Ireland. r eserve, and if for that reason he bethat Mr. Whitty, not being objection·• * * comes a British soldier, he is a brave The partiality of our veteran statesmen able, is not a No body and that there is man. l£ L ord Wimborne, Mr. Redmond · really such a person, though the thanks for young and untired politicians is a and Mr. Birrell can convince Irish audifo1~- his selection \Vere tendered to the noteworthy feature of their later policy. ences on these points by plain words that Their splendid enterprise in this direction th~ people can understand, without Convention, not hy Mr. Whitty, but by Mr. Whitty's Uncle who, it must be said, has no doubt been carefully calculated to "making bones of the . matter," without rather deepened the mystery by mixing . ca pture the imagination of Young Irewandering into arguments that am transhis thanks on behalf of his alle·g ed land, and must be_regarded as one more ptrent humbug to any body of Irishmen, Nephew with a lecture to the Conven- manifestation of that farseeing astuteness then they may succeed in recruiting all tion on the suitability of Nobodies for which has crowned "the labours o'f forty the surplus male p~pulation of military membership of the Imperial Parliament years " by placing the Home Rule Bill age in Ireland. at the present juncture. 'l'he Uncle is a on the Statute Book and assuring the * * During the decade 1901-1911, the num- young man, quite young enough to save Irish people that they never were really ber of persons engaged in industrial non- Ireland from disgrace by filling a gap. worthy of Home Rule until now and are agricultural pursu1ts in Ireland decreased Presumably, therefore, the Nephew is not even worthy of it yet. And to think at the average rate of 2,650 a year, and a also young enough to fill a gap. If he is of it, that the very one we regarded as whole host of writers and talkers of .1 chosen to fill the Gap of the North, it the young Endymion of our La.tmian certain school assured the world that '1 proves that he is one of the young men assembly · will be Uncle Richard to the new "era of p·rosp-e rity for Ireland had who can be spared, whose work is not next r ecruit-it is enough to ma.ke Mr. · absolutely essential in any other capacity Redmond reali;e himself in the . role of begun . to the welfare of the country . It also Rip Van Winkle. We look around to * * * Charged with the "crime" of being _ proves that the Gap of the North has catch the captivated gaze of the yo~th of in possession of explosives and other more urgent need of a. Nephew to fill it Ireland, and we find.. thefr faces, and the ''munitions," Mr. Alastair MacCabe wa s than any of those other gaps that will be older faces, too, shaking with laughter at acquitted last week by a Dublin jury, ~ disgrace to Ireland if they are left to Mr. Birrell's latest effort to teach us the th<;mgh the facts were not contradicted in be filled up out of English and Scotch new and true patriotism . There will be evidenc.e . Sir Edward Carson is not a reg:imeuts which are no disgrace to Eng- less laughing when the effect of the new · member of the Government which sought land and Scotland when their gaps are taxes begins to be felt. to obtain a conviction for this "crime"; :filled with Irishmen. It would be like Eorn MAc NEILL.
men who hold other Irishmen rn contempt.
TH~ IRiSH VQLUNTEER·.
Saturday, February i2th, 1916.
I
Hedge--Fighting fo:r Small Units
I
SMALL ATTACKS. The difficulties lying in the way of attacks in force aci-oss close country have not the same force in case of attacks by small units. 'l'he value of such small enterprises ,cannot he over-estimated : they ofter golden opportunities to enterprising subordin1:1;te commanders, and frequently pave the way for d~ci~ive ad.vances at other points. The smaller the force tl:e easier it is to maintain control over it and have t_h e men fully in hand: and, secondly, the easier it is to obtain concealment. In peace time it is necessary to have the N.C.0.'s and men properly trained in moving across country: this will mean that the commander of the Section has a quick eye to take in the details of a piece of country: he can spot the best hidden way, the easiest way in, the easiest way out, the shortest cut, whether he can hide all his force in such a depression or only half. Nothing but constant practice will enable him to seize these details. Similady his . men must be :flexible and intelligent, and capable of changing formation and manner of advance in an instant. · One very likely method of advance is in single file along the line of hedges. When an advance along one side of a fence becomes impossible for fear of being qbserved, it may b-e possible· to break through the hedge to the other side and gain further ground in security. The process may be repeated-several advances being made on alternate sides of the hedge. When the men are mo·vinO' t:> in single file it will sometimes be neces- sary to extend and open fire. The most profitable way · might be to invert the order of the men from head to r'ear, the first man dropping ·down and firing, the second passing him to the required interval, dropping down and also opening fire, · and so on . The men have thus a fixed point to extend from, open fire sooner, and successively cover the advance of the rest. FORMATIONS. ln large fields it will often be only possible to advance in thin lines with lhe men about s - or 10 paces apart in a loose flexible order. In this formation it will be possible. to pass over ground swept by pretty heavy fire of infantry or machine-guns without suffering very serious losse-s. A case in which this formation might prove very advantageous would be where it had developed into a race between the two sides as to who should be the first to seize a formidable hedge or similar line. Only in that or similar cases would a loose formatiOn be desirable. The aim should be rather to hold the men closely concentrated in small bodies under good control.
SUPPORTS. A large ·proportion of the force should he kept out of the fight i~ attack or defence. The element of surprise would be very prevalent in the close fighting; and this would mean that strong forces should be kept in hand to deliver 'counterattacks at the most effective ' time and direction. As long as the advance progresses supports should be held back . If they gradually become merged in the fighting line, it will be necessary to collect small l:iodies of men to form fresh supports : these may be formed from stragglers or isolated details . Groups of this kind under control may be made to intervene. with great effect either to parry a local counter-attack, or to make one, or to serve as rallying points. Supports should be brought up as close as possible to the firing line and measures must be taken ahead to bring them regularly into action. This entails formations making it possible to engage them speedily. Otherwise a sudden . success may be allowed to slip by unutilised and be nullified by an enemy counter-stroke.
NOTES ON FOOD
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Pemmrican1. 'l'his was originally a North American Indian preparation only, but it was introduced into the British Navy victualling yards in order to supply arctic expeditions with an easily-preserved food, containing the la.rgest amount of nutriment in the smallest space. As made by the Indians, it consists of the lean portions of venison dried in the sun, or wind, and the,n pounded into a paste and tightly pressed into cakes; so:ruetimes a few fruits of Amelanchier ovata are added to improve the flavour. It will keep for a very lo·n g time uninjured. 'rhat made- for the arctic voyagers was chiefly of beef. In making Pemmican it is necessary to remove the fat completely. Corned o.r Salted Beef is made by soaking the lean parts in a pickle made of salt, saltpetre, and a little brown suga.r. Smoked beef is first cured in pickle, like corned beef, and then smoked over a. wood fire. Beef cut into thin slices or strips and dried in the sun is called jerked beef. · Maconochie's Pate-nit Army Raitioni may be taken as a typical meat and vegetable :i-ation. It consists of ~-l"b meat and t -lb. vegetables, and gravy-, put up in a convenient sized tin. Gross weight, 1 lb. 13 ozs . It may be eaten hot or cold, but is far more palatable when heated than wh·en cold . To cook, the whole tin may be immersed in a camp kettle full of water and boiled for a quarter of an hour, or the tin ca.n ' be placed on an ordinary camp fire for teJ;>;minutes", or just sufficiently long to permit of the contents being heated through. Another method is to open the tin and make the contents into stew or soup. This ration is equivalent to one ration of meat and vegetables.
INIGHT OPERATIONS I 3.-NICHT MARCHES. As already stated, the route should be carefully reconnoitred both by day and b.y n1ight, and important · 1anamarks, cross-roads, etc., noted . PRELIMINARIES. (1.) Looail guides should be procured, friendly, if possible; or else precautions should be taken. (2.) .The outposts should not be withdrawn till ~he last possible moment, owing to the necessity for secrecy. It would b~ best to leave them in position till day~ light, when they can hurry after the column. Camp fires should be left burning with the same object . (3 .) Precautions against nioisei should be taken. Vehicles should be prevented from rattling, etc. PROTECTION. Sma.11 advan·c ed and rearguards, consisting of inlfan1tr'y (unless the whole force is mounted) will be appointed . Small patrols well trained in night work appear to be the best protection for the flanks. Pioneeirs should accompany the advanced guard if obstacles anL expected. All ranks should be informed in advance what they are -to do in case of surpr·ise. . OTHER RULES. (1.) Commanders of units should )lave fixed! places in tlie column and should stay there. (2.) The distances between units should be omitted. (3.) The protective troops shou-ld be close to the main body, and kept well in touch by co ninooting files,, (4.) Rifles shiluld' noit be loaded~ but magazines sho~ld be charged. Men with single shot rifles should keep a cartridge handy for immediate use. No firing to take place without orders. (5 .) Absolute sile~nce must be maintained, and no smoking or lights without permission from the G. 0. C. (6.) The pace must be uniform. A Volunteer Brigade will ·not do more than 2t miles an hour. (7.) Hours and periods of hailts must be arra.n ged b~forehand. Units must close up any lost intervals before halting . Men may lie down when halted, but must not leave their ranks . (This subject will be contiil!ued;) RE CON NA!SSANCE.
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"IRISH CITIZE'N" CONCERT. A Concert and Dramatic Entertainment of much interest will be held on Sunda.y, February 20th, at 8 p.m., in Foresters' Hall, 41 Parnell Square·. Mr. S_h eehy Ske:ffington's play, "The Prodigal Daughter," will be produced by a. first-class caste, including members of both the Abbey and the Hardwicke Street companies . The m usica-1 part of the programme will be a:rranged by Mr. Gerard Crofts; and many other distinguished and popular artistes will take part. Further details will appear next week. Tickets, 2/- and 1/-, can now be had at 34 Westmoreland 'Street. The proceeds will be devoted to the "Irish Citizen" Fund.
Saturday, February 12th, 1916.
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I.......Notes from Headquarters.... I __________
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RiCHT LINES. Last week Headquarters recommended what it considers the right lines of work, or at all events the most important and pressing lines of · work, to Company and higher commanders. They are in brief: l. Target Practice. 2. Scouting; Use of Country. 3. Marching Protection. 4. Mobilisation Schemes . No . 4 . should perhaps come first in order, for if one cannot get one's Company or Battalion out, ·with all its equipment, when one wants it, good training will go for nothing. No commande1r of a unlit is to rest sa.tisfied until he has an adeq1uate1m.obilisa.tion1scheme i'ni worki,n g order. Remember that mobilisation does not' merely mean getting your men together. It means making. your uniit availlable for seirvice with the1 maximum numbe1r 01f its men1and with a:ll its equipmen1t, .A.nd this must be done in1 the min1i·m um of time. NEXT. Next rn importance-Headquarters' places: 5. Bayonet (or Pike) Exercise . 6. Organisation of Tra.nsport and Supply. No branch of Volunteer training and organisation is to be neglected, but we insist upon these six as the things which need urgent and earnest and continuous attention. METHOD. In each branch a sound method of work should be thought out and adhered to . Take Musketry. Your instruction to your men will follow these general lines : · 1. Demonstration. 2. Explanation. 3. Imitation. 4. Examination.
You will 'pay particular attention to: 1. Firing . Position. 2. Holding Rifle. 3. Sighting. 4. ·Pressing Trigger. You will reduce your instruction under
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The Central Executive, of the Irish Volunteers met at Headquarters on Wednesday evening:, 2nd inst., Commandant P. H. Pearse in the chair. Detailed reports were received on the Training Courses which have been in progress i.n Counties Galway and Cork, which the Executive regarded as highly satis~ factory. .A. large amount of routine and other business was transacted. Headquarters, 2 Dawson St., Dublin, 2nd Feb., 1916. each head as far as possible to a series of three or four simple directions, which may often be summed up in three or four memoric words or phrases. Thus, as to . Firing Position, you can say that the essentials are : 1. View of Target. 2. Ccmtrol of Weapon. 3. Cover (if possible). 4. Comfort (if possible). .A.nd, as to Sighting: 1. Sights UprigM. 2. Foresight Central. 3. Full Sig-ht . 4 . .Six o'clock .A.im. Every officer and instructor should draw up for himself a series of such memories covering the various branches in which he ha~ to impart or: superintend instruction. He could carry it all with him in a pocket-book. A RESERVE. Headquarters hopes that everywhere a Volunteer Reserve is being created. By a Reserve is meant not so much the Auxiliary as a body of active men who do not, at the moment, :6.nd. it feasible to drill with the Volunteers but who would be willing to throw in their lot as comba.tan ts with the Y ol un teers in a crisis . Such a body might well reach hundl'eds where the Volunteers number scores, and thousands where they number hundreds. TELEPHONE 222.
JOHN A. O'CONNELL Sculptor
Kl N<; SJR(fl, CORK. MONUMENTS, HEADSTONES, Etc.
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Saturday, Febi'liary 12th, 19i6.
THE iRISH VOLUN-TEER.
l____A_]_l1_I_L_I_T._A_R_Y__c_A_u_s_E_R_I_E_ _ _l l:-r_h_e_D_u_bI_in_B_r_ig_ad_.e__.I The Pride of Veterains, with a Note on Bayonets and Triggers. It is a common complaint among Volunteer officers that a number of their men, having attained to a certain degree 0£ efficiency, are apt to drop off in their attendance at drills, apparently under the impression that they have nothing more to learn. A -word or two from the Captains on the lines 0£ what follows, spoken from time to time . to their Companies, should be 0£ some effect to check this tendency, for it is generally due to a lack 0£ thought, not to any slackness or loss 0£ enthusiasm. *
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In the first place it should be pointed out that to become an efficient private soldier should not be the ultimate aim 0£ Volunteers . It" seems to be rather a characteristic 0£ Volunteers tha.t they aim to be nothin g higher than privates or else nothing lower than F'i eld Marshals. Now there is a happy medium between the two . Nobody need be so humble as to £ear he can never attain to so high a rank as that 0£ Sec~tion Commander; nobody should be so proud as to scorn such a rank . Now the position 0£ the Volunteers is such that they may at any moment become inundated .with recruits who must be drilled and officered, so that every existing Volunteer will in all probability be some day forced into this exalted position. Therefore every perfect Private should aspire to rise, and set about doing so.
them uontinuously . To be a crack shot you must p1'nctice every day ; to be a good shot you must practice r egularly . Similarly with the other t}fings . With the above three incentives put before them the proud ones ought easily to be induced to return to their duty . *
*
*
Somebody who. considers the avidity with which these ·columns are read to be useful for propagandist purposes, has asked me to grind an axe for him- or rather he asks me to get people to stop grinding their bayonets. He tells me that certain Volunteers, finding their · bayonets inconveniently long, have set to work shortening them . I would ask them to hesitate about this . A little inconvenience will be compensated by the advantage 0£ a gain in reach. Unless the weapon is extremely unwieldy it should not be shorte_ned. I£ you find its length , when on your belt, makes it catch in your · legs when you run, instead 0£ shortening it tighten up your belt. You ought to have this tightened up, anyhow, for the sa.ke 0£ a soldierly appearance, and when it comes to a hand-to-hand scrap you will be only too pleased to have any extra reach you can get . I have gr-0und my friend's axe as I promised. I can only hope that his £ears were badly founded, for I have met with no evidence on this point myself. *
*
I am reminded 0£ one thing 0£ which I have plenty 0£ evidence . Many men, even those who otherwise take the * * * Secondly, they ought to pause .an<!l. con- greatest possible care 0£ their rifles, put sider whether they are. really perfect. In them away with · the hammers cocked . pre-Napoleonic days a soldier 0£ ten years' This is, of course, a ruinous thing to do, service was considered a recruit. This . but it is a detail which is easily forgotten. was, of course, a hide-bound, exaggerated It would be advisable for Section Comview, but it is certainly true that it takes manders, after a parade with rifles, to years to make a soldier. And this, too, see that all 0£ their men pull their means years 0£ continuous training, not triggers as a precaution. (0£ course the Volunteer years 0£ training, which means muzzle 0£ the rifle should preferably not at best four to six hours a week 0£ real point at anybody's heart at the moment. work. " The Volunteers have only been I have heard it said that more people have been killed by unloaded guns than by two 0£ these '' years '' in existence . any other kind .) It will be observed that * * La stly, it should be remembered that I have, as usual, shoved this task on to perfection, once reached, cannot be main- the shoulders 0£ the Section Comma.nders. tained without constant pradtice. Field This is not out 0£ malice. It is because work, drill, shooting-especially shoot- they are the people I most rely on for . ing-will all suffer unless you keep at doing things .
.
WJ\Rr>lrE BAKER I ES,
26 WILLIAM ST'REET AND
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.
All Classes o·f Feeding Stuffs. Stocked.
VOLUNTEERS, we ask your supporP when starting Bagpipe or other Bands. We are actual makers in Ireland, and ca.n give you better and cheaper Instruments than those who are. merely -Importers. Best Uilean Bagpipes always in stock . Chanter, Bag, and Bellows, 75S. net . Wholesale Agent for all publicatioil:s by Carl Hardebeck. Write for lists.
D. McCUL.L OUGH MUSICAL WAREHOUSE,
8 HOWARD STREET, BELFAST.
ORDERS FOR WEEK ENDINC 13th FEBRUARY, 1916. 1.. All Classes as usual. 2. Lectures for Junior Officers, 'ruesday and Saturday, 8 p.m.
. E.
DE VALERA,
Brigade Adjt.
I
Cunia:Q.n na mBanl
We should like to remind Branches that the Executive has on hands l:l stock 0£ metal badges, which are sent to Branches at .6s. a dozen . They are sold to individuals at 8d. each . We should also like to remind Branches th_a t the flag-day, which 've hope every Branch· will be able · to organise, has been instituted not merely for providing fonds for the organisation, but also for propa.ganda purposes. The £act-that the Cumann na mBan is not well known in some districts is all the more reason why their :flag should be produced, so as to rouse curiosity and inquiry . And surely no Irishman, no matter how ignorant he may be 0£ the '·'power-house" 0£ Irish nationalism, can refuse to buy a beautiful green flag with a gun on it! We are glad to oe able to welcome two more new Branches- one in Galway University, which we expect will do much good throughout a large centre, and on~ in -Ballinagh, Co. Cavan. We have a very good report for the months 0£ De~ember -and January from Athlone. They have started Drill and. Signalling Practice, and the members attend regularly and are profiting much from the lessons . T'hey ha.ve been getting together money, with much energy, to start a first aid-class. Even in this matter the Secretary has been. making fruitful preparations, having already distributed among the members First Aid :M;anuals, so that the question may not be foreign when the class starts. E ach member has bought a Cumann na mBan metal badge. They intend to hold a flag-day as soon as can be arranged, and everything seems to be promising £air for the future . .The Athlone Branch was only started some couple 0£ months ago and, we hope, will be an incentive ·to energy and hard work for our other young Branches .
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Get Your New Overcoat from L~DOYLE 2 TALBOT ST., DUBLIN SPLENDID
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6
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CHOS·T S.
Mr. P. H. Pearse asks us to correct a slight misapprehension which may be caused by Mr. A. Newman's letter in our . last issue . It has not been arranged that Mr. Pearse is . to write short Lives of Tone, Davis, Lalor and Mitchel. He has : written an examination of the Irish · definition of freedom, divided into five ·
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chapters, an introductory . one called "Ghosts," and fout others which examine the definition as it has been made by each of the four ~vriters named in succession. The five chapters will be 'published as pamphlets "in the "Tracts for the Times'' series, but they will not be in any sense .Lives of the men whose teaching theY_ examine.
Saturday, February 12th, 1916.
IFOR NEW COMPANIES I Being letters of advice written by a Volunteer Officer as a help in the formation and training of new Companies . LE'l'TER II. A
CHARA,
It is hard to lay down any hard-and£ast programme of training for your men as, of course, local circumstances will have to be looked to, but i will give you _ a specimen syllabus of training, and I think by adopting some such programme, varied to suit yourselves, it ought to be possible in the short space of two or three months to bring your Company to a state of very high efficiency. The programme which follows is one actually canied oui by a small Company here, which had been rather knocked about and whose training was rather- scattered . So it was specially drawn up with the object o.f compressing into as short a time as possible, the ordinary year's work of a Company . A Company, of course, w]lich has done no training could not get through t}+e programme in this short space of time. But for partially-trained Companies, or as a kind of revision of a year's wo.r.k for well-trained Companies, it is very su.itable. It supposes one night per week and every alternate Sunday for field work. lsT WEEI(.
1. Squad and Section Drill. 2. Manual of Arms. 3. Extended Order. 4. Short Lecture-;--Care of Arms. (About 20 minutes allotted to each branch.) Sunday-Range Practice . ~ 2ND WEEK.
1. Section and Company Drill. 2. Firing Position and Bayonet Exercise. 3. Extension by Whistle and Signal. 4. Lecture-:-Musketry, Aiming, Loading and Firing. Sunday-Elementary Skirmishing (about 2 hours' work) . • 3RD WEEK.
1. Company Drill and Manual 0£ Arms. 2. Bayonet Exercise. 3. Infantry Formations v. Cavalry, Artillery, etc. 4. Lecture- The Company on the March, Advance, Rear, and Flank Guards. Sunday-Ra.nge Practice. 4TH WEEK.
L Company Drill, Manual of Artus; Ba.yonet Exercise. 2. Firing Po~itions. Visual training, · judging distances. 3. Extension :-Building up firing line by Skirmish lines. 4. Lecture-The Company at rest . Out· post and 'Sentry Work. .Sunday-Short Route March, with Advance, Rear, and Flank Guards, Dispatch run.
Saturday, February 12th, 1916.
THE IRllH ·VOLUNTEER.
I compelled them to employ the time of easy outpost service in that training of which they stood so much in need. This, of course, was not possible without t1ie use of severe measures. These · produce,d discontent, opposition . Frequent and urgent complaints of my despotic severity reached the headquarters; but meeting . 6TH WEEK. ,with no attention, were carried to the 1. Drill and Bayonet Exercise. royal commissary Csanyi. It was fortu2. Fire Discipline and Fire Control. . nate for me that Csanyi was an old 3. Scouts, Outposts and Patrols. soldier, and knew how to estimate sµch 4. Hedge-fighting: Preparing a Defen- complaints. There was nothing left for sive Position. the_poor malcontents but t.o bite the sour ' Sunday-Simple manceuvre: attack and apple and learn to obey. So difficult was defence. this that it cost many a man his life. To accustom my brigade to the divers 7TH WEEK. nerve-shaking aspects of war, I o_ften 1. Drill and Bayonet Exercise. 2. Arms and Ammunition: Inspection caused the chain of videttes, as well as the camp behind Brusk to be thrown into and Remarks. alarm, particularly at night-time. I took 3. Information: What to look '£or and advantage of every rumour about the how. enemy, however va.gue it might be, to 4. Hedge-fighting: Choice of ground, _ make my troops believe that he· was attack, defence and delaying acactualiy marching against us ; and at tion. such times sent out across the Leitha, o:µ Sunday-Range Practice. my own responsibility, small divisions as reconnoitring patrols and so forth. This 8TH WEEK. latter experiment drew on -me a severe 1. Drill and Bayonet Exercise . . 2. Weapons: Makeshift and otherwise. reprimand from the headquarters . Subsequent to this a council .took place 3. Ca~ps and Bivouacs : Selection of as to the advisability of marching in ai_d site, sanitation, etc. 4. Hedge-fighting: Shock tactics, am- of the contemporary. insurrection in Vie-n na . Kossuth, who was ignorant of bushes, etc . Sunday- Attempt at ambush of two- the inefficient state of the army, thus adthirds of the Compa.ny by the re- dressed the Council : "We mus-t-to ·-tJw___help 0£... iAe:..-inb.ah·mainder. tants of Vienna ! The honour of the I shall explain this programme m nation demands it°of us. And we can do greater detail next week. it with an assuranc·e of victory; because I bring to the brave army, which has but recently driven before it the :fleeing enemy over the frontiers, 12,000 warriors - untried, indeed, · but animated with pat:riotic ardour for the fight, and burning with desire to contend with their · U.-OUTPOST SERVICE ON THE tried comrades for' ~he laurel of the battle LEITH A. field . Yes, we will do it! We will adIn the headquarters at Parendorf a vance! Our friends in Vienna are anTIJ.Omentarily impending attack on the xicmsly reckoning upon it! and the Hunpart of the enemy was every day talked garian has never abandoned his friend!" of; and nevertheless th"e troops ~rere disMoga," Gorgei's superior in command, located in such a manner as even the attention to the indiscipline of the drew leisurely routine of the service in time of army and consequent inadvisability of peace would :µot have caused. Of many a an advance. After him Gorgei himself body q:f men even the chie.£ of the general staff could not t ell whether they still spoke in a similar strain : "Neither is the existed, or where. Others of t:\:l.em, about solidarity between our :fighting in sel£whose distribution he gave the most de- de£ence and the insurrection in Vienna cle;tr to · me, nor do I know the intimate tailed accounts, suddenly mad~ their apconnection between the events at Vienna p~~tance in an opposite direction; their arrival having been prece·ded by very and. those at Pesth . . Nay, even about the naked facts only unvouched-£or reports alarming reports from thence of the ~p have occasionally r~ached me." He then proach of some hostile corps. proceeded to detail the military reasons I devoted . all my attention to the acagainst an offensive. complishment of those duties which devolved on me a.s commander of the outposts. .My brigade consisted of five ........................................................................~ batt~lions of volirnteer National Guards, 1CRO-UPS! CROUPS! CROUPS! a second edition of the local militia, augmented-by :firearms. These battalions, however, were already divided, like the P-ho_togr®h ic _Group Specialists. regular ones, into companies, and provided with officers; but the latter were, JLP. Do.rset S.t., Dublin with a few exceptions, almost wholly 'Phone 2902. ............................................................ destitute of military knowledge . 5TH WEEK.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Drill and Bayonet Exercise. Fire Effect and Fire Direction. Firing Line, Supports and Reserves . Hedge-fighting in Ireland: kind of hedges and · their use. Cover. Sunday-Range Practice .
IGORGE! &Tllf HDJIGHIIN IKMY
IKeo.gh Bros-., ltd.,
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I.RISH HISTORY LECTURES. A lecture entitled "The Battle of Kin- ' $ale" will be delivered by Gomdt . J. · J , O'Connell (of Headquarters Staff I. V.), at 25 Parnell Square, on Sunday, February 13th, 1916, at 8.15 p.m. ... Every Volunteer should make it· his li11siness to be present at this lecture . . Admission Threepence. CRAND CONC:ERT AND DRAMATIC PERFORMAN:CE. - "THE -PROD I CAL DAU·~MT· E· R," BY F. SHEJj:HY SKEFFINGTON, I
•
)., ..
•
•
'
In foresters' Hall, 41 ParneH Squar..e, _
On .
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SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20th, at 8 p.m. .Artistes include :-Mrs. Fay Sargent, Mrs. Salkeld, Miss Marie Nie Shiubhlaigh, Miss Molly O'Byrne, Miss Cathleen Gbughlan, Mr. Gerard Crofts, Mr. Brian O'Higgins, Mr. Sean Connolly, Mr. Thomas O'Shea, Mr . .Thomas Malone. Violin- Mr. Thomas Page. Pi:ano-Mr. ffrench Mullen. Proceeds to the " Irish Citizen" Fund.
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R~ngs EVERY F .ACILITY for ch~osing exactly the ring you requir_e is offered at GANTER BROS. .Almost unlimited selection. -No hurry; no rush, no pressure. Catalogue free on request.
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\Vexfo;Pd St., Dub-Jin. connn.o:o n.6. '5.0.:eu1t5e, A CONCERT, DRAMATIC ENT_ERTAINMENT, AND CEiLIDH . Will be held in ST~ M·ARCARET'S ON
•
. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20th. "IRELAND FIRST," .by. P~. . Kehoe and ~
)
"SPR~ADING THE NE-WS,' 1 by Lady Gregory,
Will be produced by the local players .. _ CO.NCERT starts at 7.30-
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THE lfUSH VOLUNTEER.
Saturday, February 12th, 1916.
l_____N__A__F_I_·A_.N__
I
N_A_ · __ E_I~R~E_A_N __N_____
. MAP READI NC (continued) . By the contours drawn on a map .you
I
•
. are able to know the nature of · the country it represents. If you are expert in ~~p-reading the hills and valleys can be · s~ "'"·n the mind's eye as plainly as jf you were on the spot. You can see that the slop~s of one hill is so steep that it .can only be climbe.d up slowly by men l,J.Sing their hands, a:ri.u.that manceuvres on such a slope is impossible; but that for your purpose hill number two is just as good a.n d .has a ·uniform slope. If, for instance,, instead of reading a map, no map of any military value was availa.ble, a.nd you were sent out to reconnoitre a piece of .country contiguous to that of the enemy, a rough sketch map showing the confours (by form lines) of hills and their degrees of slope would be of great importance. I mention this here because I wis.h to impress upon the Fianna the importance of their getting a thorough . grasp of contours. In order to prove to yourself that you really understand contours you should · practice section-drawing. Section-drawing will also be useful if you were in doubt as regards one point in a section of the country being visible from another point. Signallers please note :
Sections.• A section is a representation of the .surface that would be exposed if a hill was cut through vertically along .a given straight line. It is usual to exaggerate the heights in drawing a section. _ To draw a true section, that is, to show the vertical heights on the same scale as that used for the horizontal distances ·is only possible in the case of a very large scale map. Take, for example, the scale of a 6-in. map, contoured at 20 ft. ·V. I. A measurement of 20 ft. would be re}}res'ented by -fr of an inch. To rule parailel lines on ·a section at this minute distance apart would be: quite impossible to most scouts, and even {f you did succeed, the heights woi1ld be so small in proportion to the distances that the slopes would not be sufficiently clear. In making a section heights are exaggerated six times, and it is generally stated that heights· are to distances as 6 is to 1 (H : D : : 6 : 1). How to Draw a Section. In Fig. 1 is shown the contours of a piece of hilly country, and you wish to know what the surface of the· hills look like between the two points A and B . You
TREASON'
=======·
It is treason for Irishmen to buy the Foreign .Article and neglect Irish Industries.
LOUCHLIN'S !RISH OUTFITTING is better than the Foreign Shirts, Hosiery, Gloves, Braces, Hats, Caps, Boots, etc., etc. .A.LL IRISif. Fair Prices. IRISH OUTFITTING HEADQUAJJTERS, 19 Parliament Street, · DUBLIN.
will, therefore, draw a. section on the line A n,. The scale shown is 6 ins. to a :n;i.ile, and the vertical intenal is 20 ft .
"
FIG .1
Miss E. M~cHugh 0
63 ,,. T'atbot . Street, DUBLIN.
Lucanit, P.ierce, Swift, Rudge, B.S.A. New · E,icycles. Cash. Sasy Payments. · Repairs. :.Accessories. Second-hand Bicycles from 15/-. Prams and Gramophones Repaired.
.Rifles. G.uns.
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All kinds .22 Ammunition. · All Boards, Targets. ~ '.<,;'-· :• . __<;ile~ajng Rods, J;>ull Thro~ghs, Oils, and ~- ·:- _ - ·i'1-~·r :Yt all Rifle Sundries. __--.:__,- .§__:}-
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ON APPLICATION •
E:.-i~?-1-k~R~:---t--s::::-=:-·_F:· L::-:KEEQAN, ~fife ~~ker .B
_ 3 INN'S QUAY, DUBLIN•
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2
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o
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p .J :ott-0.15
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1£ H : D : : 6 : 1, the vertical heights shown on yon section must be 120 ft. (i.e., 20 ft. multiplied by 6); 20 ft. at 6 inches to the mile will be represented by ~ ins. ( .13 ins.). So the section lines must be drawn .13 ins. apart. Now take a piece of paper and lay its edg·e exactly along the line on which the section is required and with a pencil tick off every contour cut by it, and number them, marking the lowest contour 1. Each time the same contour touches the line it takes the same number. Transferthese marks to the bottom line of your section, which is called the Datum, and on each of them erect a perpendicular line till it meets the section line bearing tlie corresponding number. Join the heights so found and you have your section (Fig. 2). In Fig 3 the actual heights of the contours .are shown. In order to test your ability draw a section on the line c D (V. I. 50 ft ., scale ni:To) and on the line . E F (V. I. 20 ft., roh-ir). It was found necessary to :reduce the size of the original drawing of Fig. 1, 2 and 3 for a single column for this paper. You will therefore· notice that the section lines are not exactly .13 ins. apart. PADRAIC 0 RIAIN.
C::.OUR.T
We appeal to you as a Gael only for · a . trial order. We are certain to give you satisfaction. LADIES' AND GENT'S TAILOR.
AUTOMOBILE SCH VOLUNTEERS,
o OL.
We give you a Complete Practical Course in Motoi· Car Driving, Mechanism, and repairs for 2 GUINEAS. . · Upcto,d.a te-Cars . Certificate when compet~nt. _ 4 Dartmouth Place, Ranelagh Road, DUBLIN.
CAHILL'S MAC!C BLOOD PURIFIER, 1/· & 2/·.
Removes Pimples, Spots, Skin Eruptions, cools .· the blood, regulates the system.
ARTHUR J. CAHILL, The National Chemist, 82a LOWER
DORSET STREET, DUBLIN.
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IRISH HISTORY L' ECTURES. 13th February, 1916-The Battle of Kinsale.
Telephon&-1848. Winners of Silver l\iedal for Fancy Ironing Work and Diploma for. Shirts and Collars at Manchester Laundry Exhibition, 1913 .
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