The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 63 by An Phoblacht

THE

EDITED BY EOIN MAC NEILL. Vol. 2.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19th, 1916.

No.• 63 (New Se1ri·es).

NOTES

no interference with liberty, and that "only three or four" insignificant persons have been victimised, and that these persons were lucky not to have been shot. Mr. Redmond, in fact, has not been content with giving a general support to the Government's administration of the · Realm .Act. His' published utterances hav.e been so worded as to justify all that the Government has done, and to encourage it to go on doing more of the sam.e, even though · many of his supporters in Irish public bodies have· condemned the action of the Government. It is clear, then, tha.t Mr. Redmond is personally responsible for every act of . politica1 perseci1tion committed by the "authorities" in Ireland under the pretence of the Realm .Act. Every man imprisoned by the Go"ernment in this way is put in pri~on and kept in prison by Mr. John Redmond. Never before in Irish history was . an Irish political leader intimidatell and manmuvred into sucl1 a position . .And this,_ we are expected to believe, is the wisdom and the grit which, when the fitting time arrives, will insist on the fulfilment of a treaty made by a Ministry which no longer exists to fu.lfil anything . We were solemnly assured in the early days of the. ·war that the Government's policy was only suspended. There was to be a political truce just for a few months until the .Allies got time to occupy Berlin . .After that the Government would resume where it had left off, · and ·all would be well. '11his was the great expectation· · held out to induce Mr. Redmond's followers to submit to the Sharp Curve.. Do they still believe in this sort of farseeing statemanship? '

In (:treat Britain the Defence of the In Ireland it is a : political engine· used by politicians - for the persecution of .t hose who are not their obsequious and humble servants . When I say that it is used for .this purpose by polit~cians, I do not mean that the politicians -\vho so use it are only the traditional enemies of our national rights and liberties. It is, of course, the Government alld its subordinates who have the administration of the .Act, but in their administration of it they have the full and active support -of Mr. Redmond. E_very N ati~naliE?t who suffers . under th ~ .Act for his fiqelity to .Nationalist principle is persecvted by M~. Redmond just as truly as if Mr. R edmond, having found Ireland "unworthy d Home .Rule," was .already Unionist Chief Secretary for the British Government in Ireland. * * vV e may be· told, we have been told, that the Irish :(>arliamentary P arty, with Mr. Redmond in the chair, passed a resolution many · months ago against the Government us~ of the R ealm .Act in Ireland . 'l'hat resolution ~was never communicated to the Irish public . Was it communicated privately to the Government? l£ not, then it was communica.t ed to nobody, and the passing of it was a hypo.critical sham, with no more serious purpose than perhaps to quiet the uneasy minds of some members of the Party. l£ it was communicat ed to the Government, then the Government has treated the Irish ·: party and their resolution with supreme * * * contempt. Why not? The Government We know, on evidence that has not has been taught by M.r . Redmond and are· been questioned, that at the beginning of still being taught by him to' hold him- the war British statesmen believed or self in contempt. When he stands on a professed to believe that the war would Go,vernment platform and expresses, OJ;' end in a few months with the rapid and pretends to express, his contempt for complete triumph of the .Allies. This· Irish Nationalists, the Whigs · and the was the last argument that compelled Smugs are set chuckling in their dark Mr. Redmond to subordinate Ireland's corners. We can imagine what respect national rights and interests-to the interEnglish statesmen must have for an national aims of British statesmen, and Irish political leader who one day sends to throw away -the greatest and justest them a private resolution of remonstrance opportunity for ; the assertion and estabaga:inst "senseless prosecutions," and 1ishment of Ireland's national position , next day gives his name to a published that has come to any Irish leader since statement declaring that there has been the da:ys of Grattan. Mr. Redmond was R~alm .Act is a military precaution.

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PRICE ONE PENNY. deceived . 'fhat is . the most that can be said ·for him. But gullibility is not a virtue in a political leader. Having been cornered into one mistake and having shown a facility for surrendering, he has been kept "moving on" e·v er· since, until the other day he was compelled to stand beside the English governor of Irelaud and declare that Ullless Ireland satisfies fresh and indefinite demands she will forfeit her right to national self-g·overnment-a decla.ration which is in1 itself treaso ni to Ireland in1 the last degree, a declaraitio,ni whic~h no I rishman1unde1r an1y oircumstances_has the right to make. * . * * Let us see what Lord Wimborne and Mr. Birrell are doing with the Realm .Act, supported and enpouraged by Mr. Redmond. Mr. MacSwiney, of Cork, Irish Volunteer officer and organiser, has been arrested without any charge and kept in · gaol for · weeks wi.t hout any charge . (I here correct the statement that he was taken from his bed by the police in the dark. hours of early morning . His house was surrounded by police about breakfast time .) While he lies in gaol without any sort of charge proffere.d against him, Mr. Redmond, in more bitter and pitiful durance, stands before the Viceroy in the presence of an Irish audience, and with a halter round his neck;, declares that Mr. Ma.cSwiney is "contemptible," and that ~ nation of men like Mr. Mac Swiney is unworthy of selfgovernment. Mr. MacSwiney is a man without fear and without reproach, a man of cultivated talent, honourable and upright, modest and unassuming. .As gentle as 'a chlld, he has thrown himself into th0 Volunteer movement at his country's call and has made himself a thoroughly capaqle and efficient officer: When the Government attempted to banish the Volunteer organisers from Ireland and imprisoned them for standing against the Gove~n ment' s -pretension, the Volunteers answered by calling for ,double the number of organisers, and Mr. MacSwiney was among the first to come forward and offer his services . Now~ he lies in gaol until Mr. Redmond's masters can fake up some sort of presentable accusation against him and find some worthy tribunal to pronounce '. the predetermined sentence. .At the same time and under similar circumstances, Mr. Thomas ·Kent, of Castle1

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less the .person accused was an Irish Volunteer. Acceirdingly, when Mr . Galey came along, the police let go the * * * Mr. Ala.stair MacCabe, of Tubber- other man and arrested Mr. Galey, Irish curry, Co. Sligo, National Teacher and Volunteer, and Recruiting Officer Wil. member of the Coisde Gnotha of the Gaelic kinson duly identified Mr. Galey as the League; was arrested, held for weeks man whose voice he knew so well, having without trial, then tried and acquitted never heard it until that day, if then. by a Dublin jury, the charge against him The entire case for Mr. Birrell and the being the " crime " of being in posses- True Empire Patriotism depended on the sion of warlike material-a. "crime" of unsupported testimony of a stranger, a which no Irishman of any party is paid ser~ant of the Government, as to the ashamed. _Having failed to secure a con- · identification of a voice in a crowd . For viction for this "crime,'' the Govern- the defence it was proved by several witment puts Mr. MacCabe back to be tried nesses that on Wilkinson's complaint a at some future date for some other man named Hanafin was first arrested, "crime,' ' so that without proving any- but that when Galey came along Hanafin thing against him they can keep him in was released and Galey was arrested injail for an indefinite period. Quite right, stead-on the complaint of the same says the leader with the halter round his sure-swearing recruiting officer. Another neck, Mr. MacCabe is· only another Con- witness .for the defence was Sergeant temptible ... Richard Dowling, of the Munster Fusi* * * liers, at home from the war, where he Mr. - Claud Chevasse, a well-known had served for thirteen months, fighting Gaelic Leaguer, was arrested in Ballin:. in the battles of Mons, Ypres, and La geary . Nothing was alleg'ed against Basse and gaining promotion for good him. H e was questioned by a policeman. conduct and gallantry. Sergeant WilHe answered in Irish. That was all. F'o r kinson, the Crown witness, is one of the this crime against the safety of the gap-fillers in the same regiment, but it Realm, the obedient tribunal in Macroom did not appear from the evidence that ordered Mr . Chevasse to pay a. fine and,. his valour had ever been tested except since he refused to admit the right or jusin the witness-box . Wilkinson admitted tice of the proceedings by paying the that there were other soldiers near him fine, he was sent to gaol, arid is now one at the time of the alleged offence, that he of M1~. Redmond's contemptible prisoners. had asked him if they had heard the * * * words, and that they said no,, Sergeant Mr. John Galey, of Tralee, builders' Dowling testified that he was along with clerk, an Irish Volunteer, was arrested McGaley at the time the words were some months ago on the charge of having alleged to have been spoken, and that used words prejudicial to recruitment . the charge was unfounded : Judge DromHe was convicted and sentenced by the goole and two magistrates confirmed the summary tribunal. He appealed, and conviction. A third magistrate dissented, his appeal was heard the other day by The sentence was three months' imCounty Court Judge Drumgoole. There prisonment. I repeat that the man is a was only one witness to the words fool who will. compete with the Governalleged to have been spoken by Mr. ment, its haltered supporters, its tribuGaley, though the words, according to - nals, and its recruiting agents, in the that witness, were spoken in the midst business of making Recruitment unpopuof a large crowd. This witness, a re- lar in Ireland. The Crown Prosecutor in cruiting officer named Wilkinson, · was a this case .was Mr. D. M. Moriarty, who is complete stranger to the country. When also a Commissioner of National Educa~ he heard the words to which he swore, tion . he testified, he did not know who spoke * * them, .bu£ he afterwards. heard and saw The part taken by Judge Dromgoole Mr. Galey speaking other words and was and the Commissioner of National Educaa;bl·3 to identify his voice. As .an Irish- tio~ in the great victory of Sergeant Wilman, I am of opinion that this outlander kirison will add effect to the recruiting' Wilkinson is far too smart to be a re- meeting at which, about the same time, cruiting officer. A complete stranger the Judge and the Commissioner were who can hear two sentences uttered at the principal speakers, and Mr. Tom two different times in the Kerry brogue O'Donnell, representing Mr. Redmond, in the middle or a Kerry crowd and can once more held up the banner of facafterwards swear that the two were tion, and, und~r Govern:r;nent protection,· spoken by one and the same person is a denounced his fellow-countrymen. Mr. swearer of no mean capacity. It so hap- O'Donnell was applauded by some of the pened, however, that notwithstanding people present at this Meeting in Killar, this solitary witness's powers of identifi- ney, when he repeated the Galway gospel cation, the police first arrested the wrong of his leader, and declared that, unless man. But Mr. Birrell was just ·then Irishmen adopted the new and true Embusily engaged in collecting Voluminous pire patriotism, "Ireland would not get Evidence for the purpose of showing the R ome Rule and would not be worthy of truth of what he had already said and in- H ome Rule. " No wonder the small boys structed Dr. Starkie to say, and the in Killarney celebrated the occasion by police quite understood that evidence singing " J obn Redmond's Party is about language prejudicial to recruit- moulderi,ng to decay. " The conditions ment was not entitled to high marks un- under which Ireland is now entitled to lyons, has been arrested and held a prisoner in, the new Bastille.

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

Saturday, February 19th, 1916. Home Rule, according to Mr. Redmond and his lieutenants, are conditions which have been crammed down their throats by the recent Whigs. They are conditions which were never heard of until, aJter March, 1914, the Whigs discovered Mr. R~dmond's capacity for surrender. * * * Mr. Coltsman, an old and tired Nationalist and Deputy Lieutenant, pre.:. sided, and announced that "after 114 years of we ~ry waiting (and some other experiences which he did not mention), Ireland has sprung into existence as a nation once more." The spasm of joy which followed this assurance took away the breath of the Killarney audience, and thus rendered them incapable of eheermg. The chairman ended with an appeal to "the glorious memory of Fontenoy." Judge Dromgoole said that, "when a dog tasted blood, it could not be kept from killing again." That had no. reference to Irish history . The Judge suggested that what the Germans were out for was farms in Kerry, and said that "if the British Empire went down,'" Lord Lansdowne's Kerry tenants would find " their titles to .their lands would not be worth the paper they were ·written on ." Strange to say, this repiark was greeted with applause. "He supposed that in the old days, when Cromwell was · coming to Ireland, some people said, Cromwell is a nice fellow, he wont touch us." Cromwell was. a pioneer 2nd is still a hero of pious English Liberalism. The Judge who sent an Irish Volunteer to gaol for three months on the unsupported and marvellous testimony of a paid recruiting agent, said "let them stick to what had been won and not let any one take it from them." *

The Crown Solicitor ruid Commissioner of National Education said: "After a fight through the -long ages, you have got your own Parliament, a free Parliament.'. ' No che~rs. Mr. O'Donnell, M.P ., afterwards contradicted the Commissioner of National Education, and. said Ireland would not get Home Rule unless she fulfille'd the new conditions. The contradiction is of no importance, for the Commissioner of National Education and the ex-National Teacher were able to draw exactly the same conclusi.on from the opposite statements. SergeantMajor O'Rahilly, who was at the meeting, "took suddenly ill" at its close, in the Graham Hotel, Killarney, but recovered sufficiently to be able to reach the Imperia_l Hotel, -T ralee, next day, and ·to write from that address on that day a long announcement of his illness for publication in the Kerry newspapers, at the same time thanking "the people of Killarney and district" for their hospitality . * * * Following up th_e Galway meeting, which was public, the Viceroy and Mr. Redmond attended a conference which, though held in the capital of lreland, was not public. The representative character of the conference may be judged by reference to the list of names pub-

Saturday, February i9th, i916.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

lished in the "Irish Times ." Mr. Red- hold Irish-elected representatives to acmond, in his address, claimed the support count for their stewardship, we must of the people of Ireland and of the great ah ays remember that the main issue is majority of the Irish in . Ame1;ica . As not between us and them, but is between the people of Ireland and the Irish in Ireland and · those who are engaged in America know how they stand, Mr. Red- the attempt to withhold from Ireland her mond's information must he intended to national rights and to swamp and drown, strengthen his position with the Govern- wif . their" wdering and watering," the ment by supplementing the notoriously unconquered spirit of I rish nationality. unreliablfi intelligence which the Govern- Once more, and ·as often again as the ment obtains through official sources in need arises, let us be warned not to misIreland and through the Foreign Office take the tools for the burglar. Eorn MAc NEILL. agents in America. ~r. Redmond also alluded, for the 'first time, to the burden - - -·:··- - of fresh taxation imposed on Ireland. He MEMORIAL SERVICE FOR A did not state, however, that the present VOLUNTEER. taxation of Ireland amounts to more than On Sunday, 6th inst., there was a on.e half of "the entire value of the crops memorial seryice for the· late Volunteer produced by Irish land; nor did he ex- T. W. Fagan, "E " Coy., 4th Batt., in press any intention of demanding relief the Church of the Annunciation, Rathfor Ireland from this intolerable and farnham . Mass was .celebrated by the ruinous b11rden. Very Rev . Canon O'Keeffe, P.P . The * * * whole of the 4th Batt. was present in the Among other gems of the new factionChurch, with full equipment, and the ist oratory, Mr. Tom O'Donnell, M.P., is singing of hymns by the men during reported as having asked on more than Mass was very impressive. T'wo memone occasion at recruiting meetings if bers of " E " Coy . served the Ma(>s in the Irish Volunteers were going to keep Volunteer uniform. out the Germans with cabbage stalks. After the Mass the whole ·Battalion Mr. O'Donnell was elected -t() represent took part -in a forced marc)l to Clondalthe demand of Kerry electors for the kin via Tallaght, returning via Terenure. 'abolition of the Dublin Castle system of The march was done at the rate of ov:er government i:n Ireland. 'l'he Irish Volun~ 4t miles an hour, which was extraordinteers organised themselves for that purary going for men with full equipment. pose, and not for any imaginary campaign with cabbage stalks. Mr. AN ACKNOWLEDCMENT. O'Donnell is now a renegade from the Dear Sir,-On behalf of my family and cause which he was _elected to represent, self I desire, through the columns of your and he now represents the ·British Journal, to thank the officers and men of .Government in Irelan<;l at a salary of- the 4th Batt., I. V., a~d particularly £400; and in that capacity he now tells those of "E" Coy., who generously the electors of Kerry that "Ireland will placed a wreath· on the last resting-place not .get Home Rule and will not be of my departed son, for the extraordinary worthy of Home Rule" unle·ss Ireland tribute of respect as shown on last Sunsatisfies new and indefinite demands day by their attendance at the Requiem which were not heard of or dreamt of by Ma.ss in Rathfarnham; it is, indeed, conthe Kerry electors when they elected Mr. solation in a trying affiiction to know O'Donnell. The Irish Volunteers, on ·the that his memory is held in such high other hand, remain true in every particu- esteem by his. late comrades. The sight of lar to the objects that were originally set that vast concourse of armed Volunteers before them and adopted by them, and kneeling in prayer and their singl.ng of it is -because they have remained true and the many hymns must ..have sent a thrill because Mr. O'Donnell has shifted his of joy . through the heart of our kindly ·ground, not for the first time; that they and este.e med Soggarth. May God reare subjected to the continual insults of ward the efforts of our boys in the ca.use a person who., under the pretence and of Faith and Fatherland; which to-da.y, ·protection of RE;Jcruitment, goes around as in th~ ages past, are inseparable in the preaching faction. humble prayer .of a heart-broken but * * grateful father. - Sincerely yours, I · may, perhaps, have said too much FRANK FAGAN . about the conduct of Mr. Redmond and h' . Main St., Rathfarnham. Mr . O'Donnell and the rest of the Wont-be-_ - --•!•- -worthy-of-Home-Rule Party- too much in this sense, that whatever such men DU!\LLA. may do or say, or whatever Irish UnionAt · a spe~ially convened committee ists may do or say, we are not to be meeting of the Dualla Irish Volunte·ers, drawn into a faction fight among hish held on Monday evening, 8th inst ., on people. Our national cause, like its ad- the proposition of Mr. P. McGan, versary, is a continuity . Some of Mr. seconded by Mr . Owen Kevin and passed Redmond's political allies would not be unanimously, all members standingsorry to see the policy they have forced " That· we hereby tender to our esteemed on him leading to a general'faction. fight fellow-member; Mr. Pa.trick Mulcahy, throughout Ireland . To waste indigna- our deepest sympathy on the death of his tion on Mr. Redmond would be to play mother." Copies to be se'nt to bereaved their game. Therefore, without disclaim- family and Press. ing the right of every Irish citizen to T. WALSHE, Hon. Sec.

ICumann na .mBan I A new Branch has been started at Dundalk, and is already organised, to throw itself into all the specified activities . We have received several reports this week of work in various parts of the country. 'l'he Branch which was started in Craughwell, Co. Galway, some short time ago, reports that all .the members attend meetings regularly and everything is in very good order. Tullamore, also a very young Branch, is fulfilling the promise it showed in the beginning: There are now about 50 members in the Branch, and they are actively at work at First Aid, Drill, Signalling, etc. The Branch at Castlebar is enthusiastically carrying' out the specific objects of the C'umann na mBan, and in addition they are applying themselves assiduously (like many other Bra.nc~es) to the learning of the Irish language and Irish da.ncing. A. report from Limerick gives us the. gratifying intelligence that the membership 0£ the Brandi is ever increasing. With regard to the activities th-e . Secr.eta.ry writes:~" The First · Aid Classes have been. restarted, and !or convenience of pr,~~tisl.ng {t ha.s been divi<;led i~to . sq-~ad~ of six. A number of instructive lectures have been given by members of Cumann na mBan and Irish Volunteers, and as a result very ma.n y recruits have joined the Irish Vol un te~rs. · A successful dance was held on New Year's Day, in which the Irish-Ireland spirit was prominent. Irish songs, Irish dances, and Irish costumes were a. leading feature of the night. The proceeds, £7 13s., -have been handed over to the Irish Volunteers. Sean 0 M uirthille and Rev. Fr . Wall have kindly promised to lecture in the · near fuhi.re. /

THE LATE C. M. TOtilN, 'l'he relatives of the late Christopher M. 'robin (Kit) beg to thank their friends and colleagµes for the. splendid token of sympathy in their recent sad bereave; ment, and trust they will acc'e pt . this acknowledgment as . their only po,ssible expressi9n of tliankS .

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THE l'Y'IU'fCDER MACHINE. Mr . .P. H. Pearse has added a third pamphlet to the Boden.stown Series. It is entitled "The MurdeT Machine ." In a preface Mr. Pearse explains that the pamphlet is not a penny dreadful (at lea,st in the ordinary sense), as the title might seem to import, but merely a s~udy of the English education system in Ireland. The pamphlet is published at a penny by Whelan & Son, 17 Upper Ormond Quay, and can be had post free in ' quantities of a dozen or upwards.

- - -·:··- - AN CUMANN COSANTA. At a meeting of collectors held on Friday, -11th inst., it was . ·decided that money will be collected from collectors at headquarters on Fridays, between 8 and 9 p.m. in future. Collectors please-note.

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Saturday, February 19th, 1916.

VOLUNTEER.

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INotes from ·Headquarters I EQUIPM£NT. Recent inquiries go to show that th.e personal equipment of numbers of Volun.: teers, even !n well-organised Companies and Battalions, is still for from complete. It is very necessary that every Volunteer · should immediately sup:ely himself with the articles laid dowu by Headquarters as indispensable, or at any rate desirable . These articles were ·specified in an Order of 3.r d February; 19i5. They may be summarised as follows :FOR ALL yOLUNT~ERS. · (a.) As to clothes: uniform or other clothes as pref erred ; if uniform not worn clothes to be of neutral colour; nothing white or shiny; soft broad-brimmtd felt ha1t (in 1-ie'u of or in a ddi ti on to cap) . (b.) As to arms: rifle, with sling and cleaning outfit; 100 rounds of ammunition, with· bandolier or ammunition pouches to hold same; bayonet, with scabbard and frog; strong knife . (c.) As to provision for rations: haversack, wa te_r-bottle, mess-tin (or billy can), with knife, fork; spoon, tiu cup . (d.) In the knapsack :. spare shirt, · pa fr of socks, . towel, soap, clothes-brush, comb, tooth-brush; First-Aid Pa,e ket:: scissors; 'needle, thread, safety-pins. (e.) In the pocket: clasp-knife, note-· book and pencil, matches, boot-laces. FOR. OFFICERS. In addition. to the foreo·oino· Officers: , 0 0 will require:- ·· . Pistol or revol~er with a. hundred. rounds; whistle on cord; despatch book;: fountain pen · or copying pencil; watch; field-glasses ; map of district; pocket

THE CENERAL COUNCIL. The General Council of the Irish Volunteers will meet at Headquarters on Sunday, the 20th inst., at 12 noon.

compass; range-finder. Sub-officei:S and scouts should aim at having as· many as possible of the · articles specified for officers. FOR COMPANIES. So much for i_n dividuals. · An .O rder of 17th February, 1915, specified the items which each Companiy should collect by way of Field Equipment . They are, ii"\ brief, a suitable . number (depen,d ent on the size of the Company) of the following articles: picks, shovels, entrenching tools,. hammers, chisels, saws, small axes, crowbars, spanners, wire-cutters; · rope and c.ord; signalling flags and lamps; stretchers, first-aid appliances (including splints, . bandages, etc.); provision for sleeping and cooking; provision for transport; bicycles, motor-bicycle or motorcar; with; of course, as large a; reserve of a.rms and ammunition as possible. Companies should, as far as practicable, carry their full equipment with them on fielddays; not necessarily on every :6.eld~day, but at any rate on cer.tain field-days which would be set apart for testing the organisation and mobilisation -powers of the Company . Remember that mobilisation implies making all your equipment available as well as making all your men available .

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IRISH VOLUNTEERS' RELEASE . Mr: 'I'. :McSwiney, Volunteer Organiser,

:and· Mr. Thomas Kent, of Castlelyons, have been released from Cork Gaol after :five weeks' imprisonment. No charge has been brought against them, and the a uthorities have eviden~ly concluded that discretion is the better part of valour. ·CAELS-Where to get your :stationery, Cigar·eUes, General

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Saturday, February 19th, 1916.

THE I-RISH VOLUMTEEA.

A MILITARY CAUSERIE .._______________________________________________ _,,,.............................11 LA DEBACLE. This is the sad story of Cornelius Cannon, I. V., a tule of disastrous ambition which many a Volunteer should take to heart as a warning. *

did sleep fragments of military orders dropped confusedly from his fevered lips . It would be, "General X, bring .the 131st Army Corps up the valley .of the Li:ffey," or, "General Y, telegraph over to Marshal Z and recall the fourth Army Group from over the Shannon,'' until hi.s family seriously thought of calling in the doctor. W"hen that functionary was consulted he thought for a moment and then gave his diagnosis. "You never know what to expect from these Sinn Feiners."

NIGHT

O,PERAtlO~S

3.- NICHT MARCHES - (c.ontinued). THE STARTING P01t~ ·r, which the head of the column is to pass at a given time, is fixed, and indicated by lamps or fires. This will be mentioned in Orders. Care must be taken that each unit r eaches this point by mar'~hing forward in the direction ef the march. BRANCH ROADS·. To prevent troops in rear from straying · these will be plgcked by men from the advarn;;ed guard. These men_ 'IVill be afterwards · withdrawn by the rear guard. CUIDINC COLUMNS by night in ope1n1ooun1try :1. A luminous compass is r equired. Points where change of direction is required should be noted. 2. 'l'he general d.i rectibn can be k ept by the Stars. (See "Na Fia.nna Eireann,'' p. 8, IRISH VoLUNTEER, Feb. 12.) 3. Distances from front_to rear may be kept by means of knotted ropes.

Why precisely Cornelius Cannon joined the Volunteers is not very . well known. It may have been the martial sound of his own name that put the idea into his head; or, on the other hand, it may not. At any rate he enlisted in "Z" Company of the "Y" Battalion, Dublin Brigade, and worked right willingly and so enthu* * The other three section commanders of siastically that the Captain of the Company, who was no easy taskmaster-in ".Z ·" Company were hard-chaws . Corfact, our heroe's section commander de- nelius, comparing their robust appearscribed him as " a nifty· hard-chaw ".:__ ance with his own, was in no way perseriously thought 0£ ma:king him a squad turbed . He had no desire to be a hardleader at no far distant date. Such a step chaw; he was to be a General. He diswould have been very welcome to Corne- dained the use of the rifle butt, and lius, for although he was comforted by could scarcely c·o nceal the scorn he felt the thought that Epaminondas, Massina, for the simple words of command apperMurat, and rriany other famous generals taining to his rank. * * * had risen from the ranks, yet he felt that The great day arrived, the day of the 4.- N.ICHT - ADVANCE S. tP.e position of 3,n Eoin Roe O'Neill examination . With "Massed Arinies" TH E 0 BJ~ CT. 'ro gain ground from would suit him better than that of a mere propped up against the sugar-bowl, he which £urth e1~ progress can be made by grain of qannon-fodder. His. chance ate a meagre breakfast, and with a part. day, not to deliver an assault. An attack came soon . A casualty occurred owing ing: glance at " Siege Operations " he may; however, be delivered at or after to an engagement (matrimonial, of course) in the ranks of the lieutenants. hurried to the field'. .Things there seemed dawn. Volunteers will find it necessary The happy man's place had · to be filled, rather fl at. · The. examiner, although a to employ night advances only on a. small ~ and in the general re-shuffling of ranks · Commandant, wore a private's uniform. scale. RECONNAISANCE. Must be thorCornelius emerged as a section com- · Cornelius, who had ·been expecting wheeled crosses, was · disappointed to see ough. Ascertf!inmander. not even a- Sam Brown belt. Evidently, * * * (i.) Position of enemy outposts and Vaulting ambition! When will you he thought, this must be another hardforces . learn restraint? Scarcely had our hero cha w . Cornelius waited im patiently for (ii.) Nature of. entrenchiµents . become used to his new position than he his turn, which came early. Gonsqious (iii.) _Obstacles in the way. . began to look higher . With a view to of his tremendous knowledge, he came (iv.) . Landmarks likely to be of as~ist improving · his milld he read many ex- £orw:ard smiling . 'rhe Commandant, . ance. haustive a'n d exhausting military trea- pointing to a hedge, asked him how he It may be necessary to fight, by daytises. A glance at his library !VOuld have would .improve• it for·· use by a defensive light, to get this information. But it convinced anyone of h~s ea.rnes~ness . line. Cornelius quoted extensively from must be got. The scouts ·who recomioiField-Marshal Von Kanonenfutter's "Siege Operation's ." Th;e Commandant tred the ground should be selected to enormous volume, '·'The Movement of was astonished . Indicating, from the guide units. Massed Armies to a Flank,'' was bouna. mound on which they stood, a small area CROUND CAIN ED sho~id be ento patch the visitor's eye at once, while of country, he· asked him what would 'be trenched, or the .• tr:,oops should carry side by side with "Revolutionary En- the best position for a picquet and · two empty sand-bags, whi~h can. be. quickly thusiasm as a. Milit_ary · Asset,'' by groups of sentries. Cornelius"replied that filled and placed in position . General Sansculotte, were Colonel Mou- he · had omitted to study such minor deREMARKS . Alf that has been ' said jik's "Major Siege Operations," , Von tails. The Commandant then asked him relative to discipline, etc., on the subject Runn's ''Use and Abuse of . Massed some ' small question about counter.of night marches holds true in n,ig.ht adMachine Guns in the Assault," and such attacks, and Cornelius recited verbatim vances also. · minor works as "The Mechanism of the Chapter239 of "Massed Armies." There. To Officers: KnO'\v where you'te going; Howitzer," and "Row Armies Eat." upon the Commandant turned on him know what you 're .going to do; and do it. Cornelius read these with avidity, and with a look of wonder and said, "Who (To be continued.) could EJ.uote from some of them, which he the hell has been handing· yot1 out that often did, to the great admiration of his dope ?'' younger brother, who confidently ex* There is an excellent and well-pre"B" COY., LIVERPOOL . pected to see liim on the Headquarter's served copy of Von Kanonenfutter's Draw for .45 calibre Reivoilve!r . Sta:ff after the next Convention: "Movement of Massed Armies to a * * * Persons holding blocks and cash m His rise to higher rank was, however, Flank," with some other and minor miliconnection· with above are requested to not to be by the easy way of election, but tary works, to be seen any day at Webb's forward same to Mr. M. Gleeson, Coy. by the thorny path of examination . When on the Quay. And when any ambitious Secretary, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin. he heard this he worked with .r edoubled youngster asks Cornelius, who is still a ' · THos. CRAVEN, Capt. intensity . By prodigous labour · he section commander (and developing into learned Kanonenfutter's gigantic volume a hard-chaw), what he ought to read, - - -·:+- - by heart and acquired a working know- Cornelius hands him THE IRISH VoLuNOfficers of the 2nd Batt. will attend at ledge of the other books. He becam.e pale ·TEER. Battalion H eadquarters at 7.45 a.m., on and worn. He slept little, and when he E. O'D. Sunday, 20th.

Saturday, February i9th, i9i6 .

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

about one incn on any round tin that might be availa.ble . It is then cooked over the cinders . The Australian damper is made by digging a hole in the ground, fiUing it with MUTTON- BEEF. a wood fire, and when the fire has th:orHome.bred oxen1 in good · co~dition oughly burnt up, removing it, laying the ought to yield not less than 600 lbs. of meat. Some very £at beasts will yield as dough on a large stone, covering it v»ith a tin plate and heaping the hot ashes much as 1,200 lbs. . Cows and heifers should yield .from 400 to 600 lbs . Sheep round and over it. I n a campaign every soldier, if he should yield from 50 to 80 lbs. could get :fl.our, baking powder and wood, would soon learn to bake a cake for himBR EAD-B ISCU IT. self. The only point which requires Rye bread is very largely used on the manipulation is not to have the heat too Continent and in parts of America. It . great ; if it be above 212° F. too much ni.akes a dark-coloured loaf, slightly of the starch is turned into dextrine and heavy and sourish in taste. However, the cake is tough. Exposed to greater the palate soon accustom's itself to its heat and well dried the un£ermented cake use . . It keeps well and is not much inbecomes biscuit. jured by rough handling. Its comparaIf the cbuppaty or damper be spoiled tively small bulk is aJso a consideration in the cooking, soak it. in water, or milk which might recommend its use as "l if available, and bake it again in any immilitary food. In· the E ngl{sh Army it provised oven. A fairly palatable form !s not used, but forms the staple food of of biscuit will thus be obtained. the German . . It is made in an exactly similar way to wheaten bread. If so desired, rye-flour Hedge-Fighting fop might be mixed with wheaten flour in Small Units the proportion of about one-third wheat to two-thirds i-ye . 'l'he wheaten flour CHAPTER V . _ makes the bread somethin.g lighter and COMBAT RECONNAISSANCE. more digestible. In intersected country the need for Army biscuits consist of only meal, thorough . r econnaisance when in the sa_lt and water kneaded into a thick paste, cut into the proper shape, pricked with neighbourhood of the enemy is doubly holes and baked in the oven. Biscuits imperative. l£ it is neglected the morwill keep for a long time, but bread ta.lity among scouts and adv:ance parties baked with yeast, etc ., soon becomes will be very great . Sudden and needless musty. The reason for making them in casualties will speedily discourage the ·the form of flat cakes is to ensure that all rank and file of a forQe not specially moisture has been extracted . They are train7d for such warfare. A system of usually made of the mea-1 of wheat from thorough training in this outpost and which only the coarsest brl!n has been patrol fighting is necessary if enclosures are to be tither held or cleared without separated. Biscuits are a convenient and compact hopeless loss and confusion. So numerform of food . 'l'hey are compact and ous and so varied would be the opportunikeep a long time when properly packed ties for surprise that in practice it will in casks or tins. Should they get damp, . probably be impossible to escape being however, they become mouldy. They surprised all the time . But with proper contain more nutriment than the same care and proper methods of instruction it · bulk or. weight of bread, ~ -lb. biscuit will be possible to greatly reduce the being equal to 1 lb. bread. This is the risks. It will easily be understood that proper ration in the English Army on peace sertraining in reconnaisance is essentiai in vice, but 1 lb: biscuit is issued in place the attack. A little thought will convince of l t lb . bread on active service . anyone that it is equally essential for a Biscuits should be of a light yellow successful defence. Without it it will be colour, highly dried and crisp, but not impossible to adequately safeguard the · burnt ._ They should float in water, and :flanks, to carry out any counter-attacks when struck give out a ringing sound. · A piece put ·in the mouth should be al- that enta.il sending a party to a :flank, etc . The following extract from the ··" E ye. lowed to soften dow:O: ·thoroughly. . 'l'he army biscuit must be hard enough Witness" will illustrate the· importance to allow of its 'being ca.n ·ied in a haver- of combat reconna~sance by the sack without receiving a.p preciable damEXAMPLE OF NEUVE.CHAPELLE. age from the numerous articles carried "In a-dvancing over the intricate th.erein .. For field service they are packed country, intersected with hedges and in tin-lined cases . The present biscuit ditches, the platoon commanders had to weighs 2 ozs . go forward to discover the best way round UNFERMENTED CAKES. or across these obstacles. They were 'l'he chuppaty of In~ia is simply made £.arced to risk their own lives in order to from flour, water and salt. It is agree- save their men from the dano'er of beinO' b b able to the taste and nutritious . crowded together in narrow places, such The mixture of :fl.our and water with a <t:l uri<lges or gaps in hedgerows. ' ' little salt is made into a stiff douO'h But, manifestly, if the rank and file . b ' 'w hich is rolled out to a thickness of had been properly grounded in combat

NOTES ON FOOD

reconnaissance have been thus valuable lives . better tactical obtained .

the officers would not oblig·ed to risk their own And not only that, but results would have been

RECONNAISSANCE AND FICHTINC.

In the closely intersected Irish terrain combat reconnaissmice and fighting go hand-in-hand. In fact, the two operations practically become one. The combat patrols on each side will always seek to overthrow and demoralise the combat patrols of the other. l£ one force's patrols are so well trained and energetically handled that they regularly defeat the opposing' parties : then, evidently they succeed in blinding the . enemy . The latter can no longer hope for profit from his scouting detachments-if they are always beaten, and is hopelessly in the dark. On the other hand, bold and successful patrolling provides continuous and accurate information and leaves the hands of the commanders entirely free. H ence the outpost troops even of a defending force should be aggressively handled. It is the surest way to secure information and t ime. SCOUTING BEFORE AN ADVANCE.

The only safe method for a-d vancing _the mai nbody is by previously- clearing all enclosures in ·front by small patrols pushed ahead. In this way the com~ mander of a force lining a hedge at 0ne side of a field will satisfy himself that the opposite side is not held in strength, and "hat no small parties are lying in ambush on thedlanks. For this purpose he must send forward a few men along the side hedges parallel to his line of advance. A ·couple of men-who should use all possible cover- would suffice for each line _of hedge. . Scouts moving forward to reconnoitr~ a hedge should avoid the more obvious gaps and breaks . These are very ilkely marked down as targets . A less noticeable opening will usually be the best . Frequently chances of enfilade fire on a small scale will present themselves. FLANK PROTECTION. The officers commanding 'sections of a line are each of them responsible for the protection of the :flanks of their o~n units . And they are responsibl~ for this all the time . One or two good men will suffice for this service if the · unit is ·a centrally-situated one: there is no need for any complicated action . The only needful precaution is to be sure that small enemy bodies do not penetrate between sections of the line-and to punish them heavily if they do . On an extreme flank _a small detachment under a capable N .C.O. will perhaps be the most satisfactory solution. The question cannot be decided off-hand. Circumstances of bO'round ' etc ., will alter it indefinitely. SUBSCR IPTION.- THE IBISH VOLUNTEER will be posted free to any address for one year at a cost of 6/6; for half a year, 3/3; for · the quarter, 1/8.

Saturday, F ebruary 19th,

UP~.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

le-6.0.6.R 'OR1lle u6:st.&6,0.10 ·n,0. he1ne,0.nn

The Dublin Brigad_e [J'i

(-Oitt le"1nril.6tnc) .

m1n15te. 1. me.o.t>on-Une .6."n t'.>-0.1mlte.sm tine r.6rilt.61E;te Ctte ce.6ttCL.&tt .6n C.6011'.> 1rc1E; 'Oen l'.>.6il\1Li.e 6 orc6.1tc .&n E;unnd :so 'O"Gl beut .&n 5unn6.. ~· .o.n Une '01Re.o.c.-S1ne me.&tionline .&n l'.>.&1f\1Lte .&CC r.&1'0 A CUl\ .&r. "Cerpe..in.&nn re .&n b6t6.l\ A 5eol'.>6.'0 .&n p1teUl\ 'O..im.&'l'.l n.& be.&'l'.l .&on ne.&ttc e1te cum Olbl\1Ste .dl\ .&n bp1teun C.&tte1r e C.&1te.&ril. 3. Une .o.n RO.'O.O.lRC.-Sme .&n tine teroe.&nn tom 'Oltte.&c 6 tu1t .&n sunn.&'061\6. Cl\e.drn.& ti.& l1AU6.l\C .dn 5unn.& :SO 'OCl .&ri curp6111. 4. beut-tuo.s .o.n p1tem.-.S1ne tudr 1mte.&cc.& .&n p1te1tt 'Oit1e.&c c.&11e1r ce.&CC .dr beut .&n 5unn.& '06. 2,000 c1101{.; r.d crecun'O 1r beut-tu.&r 'Oo p1teu11 .6n 5unn.& .& t>ionn .d:S .dn r.6:!;'01Ull1 n56.tL'O.& .&no1r (r.& t>t1.d'l'.l.dtn 1907). 5. ne.o.Rc "C.O.RR.0.1C. Sine .&n ne.dpc n.&'Oupt.d t.&l\tt.&m:se.&nn 1 'Oc11eo me.&'06m n.& c.&lril6.n :s.&c .&on nl n.& blonn .&on l\U'O cum e co1me.&'O tn .&1ttue .&:sur blonn .d:S

meuuu5.&'l'.l 1 :scomnu1oe .&11 tu.1r .dn ni rm .d:S ce.&cc .&nu.&r '06. 01btt15e.dnn .&n ne.111c r.&n Al\ .&n bp1teu11 6.n cf11rce tn.& br.&:s6.n.n re beut .&n 5unn.& (c.dpe1r A te1t:ste .&m.6C le ne.&11c .&n pteurct.&). 01b1115e.&nn 'O.&tnSne.&cc .&n .&eitt .dl\ .&n bp1teu11, te1r, 1 uc11eo, 'O..i f.&1U A te1'1'.le.&nn .dn p1teu11, l)Uttb' e.6'1'.l 1r m6 b.&tnce.&11 6n.& tu.&r. 'Oe t>.&1111 6.n 'O.& ne.&ttc r.&n 'OO t>e1t .&:S 01b111u5.&ti .dl1 .&n bp1teutt ni he .&n line 'Oll\e.&C .& 5.&l'.>.&nn re .&CC tine C.iJl1. cun.so. .o.n p1lem .&n .&mm.& cu:sc.&11 .611 _.&n :SC.&m-tine rtn. mutL.&C line .&n p1Le111 (n6, .dn mutt.&c) .& t.&t>.&ttr.&1mlu .&11 .&n mb.&tt 1r .&0111'0e r.& line rm. "C.&tte1r 'Oo p1teutt :sunn.& .&n .&111m 5.&Ltu.& .&n . cEu'O rt.&c tON15 '00 CUJ1 'Oe bionn re CUH:te re 6J1L6.15 re t>un .&n tine tii111s 1 c.&11e1r ceu'O rtdc e1te 'Oo cu11 'Oe bionn re cu1cte 'O.& ttto1s re t>un .&n tine tii111s. tll.&11 rm 'Oe 'O.& p.&1'0 .d 5.&t>.&nn .&n p1teu111re.&ti 1r m6 .& tU1ce.&nn. ni ryi6l\, 'O.& t>tti5 r1n, beuL .&n 5unn.& 'O ' ..iJ1'0US.&'l'.l 1 'OCpeo :so mbero .&n tine 'Oil\e.&c com m611 or c10nn .dn curp611.& 6.:SUf tu1qe.&'1'.l .dn p1leu11 re t>un .&n curp6J1.& 'O.& mbeA'l'.l .&n tine 'OiJ1eAc .&11 .&on Le1t>eut te1r .&n :scurp6i11.

I··Ylken We figkl Yle fight for-" I Speaking at the concert ·held for the benefit of the Equipment Fund of "G " Coy., 2nd Batt., Dublin Brigade, at 41 Parnell Square, on Sunday evening, 6th inst., Commandant P. H. Pearse said that the Irish Vohmteers had stated their objects in their original manifesto. People :\J.ad professed to find that statement vague and unsatisfactory. If they · had mistaken the sense of the statement the mistake was their own, and not that of the Volunteers. The state.ment itself was perfectly plain, . and meant exactly . what it said. Jt had put it that the primary object of the Irish Volunteers was to secure and maintain the. rights and liberties common to all the people of Ireland.. The first right common to all the people of Ireland was the ' right to national freedom . When he had said at Glasnevin a few months ago that the Irish Volunfoers and those who were associated with them in that day's duty must stand together henceforth for thf) achievement of Irish freedom, and had added that they knew only one definition of freedom, people, he was told, had thrown up their hands in mock horror and said "Pearse has let the cat out of the bag. He admits that the Irish Volunteers are out for Separation." As far as he was concerned, the cat had never been in a bag. He ~nd the majority of them had been Separatists before they were Volunteers . Was it to be pretended that in becoming Volunteers they had become something less than Separatists? Personally, he had avowed his object at and ever since the very first

OP.OE.RS FOR WEEK ENDINC 20th FEBRUARY, ,1916. 1. All Classes as usua"i. 2 . Junior Officers' lecture on Saturday. No Lectures on Tuesday. 3. Officers of 2nd Batt. will attend at Battalion He.adquarters at 7.45 a.m., · Sunday, 20th. 4. The 3rd Batt. will assemble at Dartry Road Tram Terminus at 5 - a.m., Sunday, 20th, for day in camp.

DE VALERA, .

Brigade Adjt. ANNOUNCEMENTS • IRISH HISTORY LECTURES. 20th Feb., 1916.-Celtic- and Irish Law and Its Administration. e6m mdc ne1tt, b :0.. . ADMISSION . THREEPENCE. · connR.o.'6

n~ 5.o.e'01l5e.

A CONCERT, DRAMATIC ENTERTAINMENT, AND CEILIDH . - Will be held in ST. MARCARET'S ON

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20th. "IREL_AND FIRST," by P. Kehoe, a_nd "SPR~ADING THE NEWS,"byLadyGregory,

meeting. True, he had been willing to _Will be produced by the local players. co-operate with those who did not go as CONCERT starts at 7.30far as he, hoping that the Separatists and ADMISSION • 2s. aind 1s. the others might travel the same road as C·E IL ID H immediately afterwardsfar as the others could go. H e now ADM I SS 10 N 1s. feared that this had been a vain hope, that the roads had been divergent from CRAND CONCERT AND DRAMATIC the beginning. There is nothing in PERFORMANCE. common between those who hold th~ "THE PRODICAL DAUCHTER," sovereignty of the Irish nation as the BY F. SHEEHY-SKEFFINGTON, first article of their political creed and ln Foresters' Haili, 41 Parnell Square, those who accept as "a final settlement" On an a.ct which expressly denies that · SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20th, at 8 p.m. so;vereignty. If ever the Irish Volunteers· Artistes include :-Mrs. Fay Saro-ent Mrs. went into action they would go into S~lkeld, Mis~ Marie Nie Shi~bhlaigh, Mis~ Molly 0 B:yrne,_ Miss <;Jathleen. C~ughlan, Mr. Gerard action for Irish freedom. It would be . Crofts, Mr. Bnan O'H1ggms, Mr. Sean Conwrong for him to say that they might nolly, Mr. Thomas O'Shea, Mr. Thomas Malone. Violin-Mr. Thomas P age . Piano-Mr.· ffrench soon be called into action; it would be Mullen.' Proceeds to the " Irish Citizen " Fund. still more wrong to say that they would Admission Gd. never be called into action . They had Tickets, 2s. and 1s. contemplated the possibility of action DO WE WANT PEACE NOW?" from the first day. On~ thing that he A PUBLIC DEBATE could and would say was that a VohmOn the ~hove subject , between COUNTESS DE i (.,er should al ways be prepared for action. MARKIEV:ICZ and FRANCIS SHEEHYSKEl<'FING'J;'ON, will be held on The need for the completion of their FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18th, at 8 o'o., in the equipment was obvious. The time had FORESTERS' HA~L, 41 PARNELL SQ. come when every Irish Volunteer and ADMISSION THREEPENCE. every friend of the Irish Volunteers CELTIC ,AND IRISH LAW should place everything that they could (And Its Administration), . spare from the ri.eeds of those dependent On next Sunday night Eoin Mac Neill will deupon them at the disposal of the Irish liver his third Lecture at 8 p.m., in the Hall 25 Parnell Square, when he wiff deal with th~ Volunteers . above S1;lbject in all its phases. In these days 0

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THE IRISH VOLUNTEER.

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Saturday, February 19th, 1916.

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REASONABLE PRICES.

BAN DS.

VOLUNTEER S, we ask your ·support when start ing Bagpipe or qther Bands. ' Ve are actual makers in Ireland, and can give you better ana cheaper I nst ruments than · t hose who are merely Import ers. Best Uilean Bagpipes always in st ock. Chanter , Bag, and Bellows, 75s. net . Wholesale .A.gent for all publicat ions . by Carl H ardebeck. Write fo r lists.

D. McCULLOUGH

ORMOND

QUAY.

W exford St. , Dublin.

RELIABLE IRISH MAT ERIALS ,AT

Wf\RJ>IJ>E

LADIES' AND GENT'S TAILOR •

R ings EVERY F .A.CILI TY for choosing exactly t he ring you r equire is offered at GANTER BROS. Almost unlimited select ion. No hurry, no rush, no pressure. Cat alogue free on request.

GANTER BROS., 63 South Creait Ceorge's Street, DUBLIN.

SCH 00 L.

VOLUNTEERS,

We give you a Complete Practical Course in Motor Cai;," Dr iving, Mechanism, and repairs .::' fo r 'l. GUINEAS. Up-to-dat.~€ars. Certificate when competent. 4 Dartn:iqutti Plac;e, Ranela'gh Road, DUBLIN.

CAHILL'S MACIC BLOOD PURIFIER, 1/- &

2/-.

Removes Pimples, Spot s, Skin Erup tions, cools t he blood, regulat e,s t he syst em . . 0

ARTH UR

CAHILL,

The Nat ional Chemist , 8'1.a LOWER DORSET STREET, DUBLIN.

MUSICAL WAREHOUSE,

VOLUN TEERS I Send yo'1r Shirts, Collars, &c .

. 8 HOWARD STREET, BELFAST.

J :O HN DALY'S . BAKERIES, '

26 WILLIAM STR EE T

BAR.GA :J:l.'1"S .

Haversacks. Puttees. Knapsacks. Cleanin•g Outfits. Revol ver Holsters. Waistbelts. w aterbott!es. Ammunition Pouches. SEE Ou& P1tICE LxsT.

LAWLER'S,

AND

SARSFIELD STREET, LIMERICK. All Classes of Feeding Stuffs Stocked.

All communi cations re Advertisement!' to he addressed to the IRISH PRESS BUREAU , 30 Lower Abbey Street, Du BL IN. Cheques and Postals should be crossed and made payable to the Manager, IRISH VOLUNTEER.

FOW N ES' S STREET, DUBLIN.

TO THE

NA TI ON AL LAUNDRY, 60 South William Street, DUBLIN. SUITS AND UNIFORMS CLE.A.NE D AND · PRESSED IN Two DAYS.

I rish Made Shirts, Caps, Poplin Ties, ~o:llars, Hos,ie:ry, etc. THE BEST VALUE FOR CASH IN LIMERICK.

p.<5.un.,o.1:s o ti-.o.tt muurn, We are an exclusively "IRISH F I RM" employing only IRISH LABOUR . .A.11 garments µiade to order in our own workshops. EXTENS IVE STOCK to select .from, bought for CAS H from best IR ISH MANUFACT URERS.

SUITS, 42s. t o 84s. 1

f~~~~ ~1:,u~~

CASH TAILORINGCO.

(J ohn Neligan, Manager), 4 CAPEL STREET, DUBL i N, • and 50 Upper George's Street , Kingstown.

Draper,

10 WILLIAM STREET, LIMERICK. :s ~ e'61t. 1r e.ou rmn-ne lr ni nJ.111 t.1nn e.

Give us a trial order for FRESH IRISH OATMEAL, MACROOM OATMEAL, TEAS, from 'l. / 4 to 3/-. Sent Post Free.

MacCURTAIN

BROS.,

5'1.·54 SHANDON ST. and 40 THOMAS DAVIS ST ., CORK. P rint ed for t he Proprietors at Mahon's Printing Work s, Dublin, arid published at the Volunteer H eadquar t ers, 2 Dawson Street, Dublin .