The Irish Volunteer - Volume 2 - Number 65

EDITED BY . EOlN MAC Vol. 2. · No,, 65 (New Series).

PRlCE ONE PENNY. -

SATURDAY, MARCH 41]1, 1916.. . ~

Sir Edward Fr;f " We are figiftjng for liberty abroad w.hilst we are strangling'it at home by a series of en~ctments "·hich place the liberty of the subject in the hands, not of the Judges, but The "Irish Times,, played a 'very amusing of the officials of the Government." . And Sir game over the North Louth election. During the Edward Fry quotes the autJ:iority of Hal.lam with contest it printed an inspired paragraph . in . it.s . .refe1•ence .to Habeas Corpus:_"If ever tempo.rary London letter, . saying that the Irish Party circumstances, or the doubtful pl.ea of pGlitical leadgrs were anxious about the - ~~esult, and inti- · necessity, shall lead men to. look q.n its denial mating that the support of the Unionist vote for with apathy, the most distinguishing characterthe Party candidate would be' very gratifying. istic of our -Constitutio"n will be effaced ." · The It also published a letter from a .-Mr. Moore, a Government has found · no. difficulty in keeping Unionist,. claiming the suppoi·t of the Unionist J'.!len imprisoned without tri al here in Ireland. voters for the Irish Party nominee: Then when No matter what H a llam or Sir ;Edward Fry mal the election of the tried ap.d experienced repre- · say, the Castle lawyers know that '.' our Const1sentative man fr.om a differe:µt part of the • tution" i.n Ireland is and· always _ has. been a country was announced,. and the family financial Hypocritical S4am . · · difficulty triumphantly settled, and when faction, * _ which received its deatb,-blow in Nor.th Louth . One .of these lawyers, at· the trial ~f Mr. four years ago at the hands of Mr. Hazleton, had MacSwiney in Cork, accused him of .inciting to ·received a~1other final blow at the hands of lVIr. the 'mmde1: of Mr. John Redmond. · The Dublin !fazleton's nephew, the ". Irish Times?' turned '-'Independent " printed this ac.c usation · as right round and administered a long editoriai ·_,. though it had appeared in evid·e nce. '.; Mr. lecture to Messrs. Redmond, ·Dillon and Devlin, MacSwiney wrote a letter of protest to the" Indeon the enormity of endowing their latest young pendent." The Eaitor pril).ted the letter with an man with £400 a year instead ·of sending him to edftorial note saying that :iY.fr. l\1acSwiney's profill .a gap, avert disgrace from Ireland, and prove test was "mentlacious.' 1 Then Mr, MacSwiney's that Ireland is, or may yet be, worthy of Home solicitoi· wrote t·o the " Inaependeht " ·sU.bstanRule and the Act which rests securely ·on the tiating the protest, and the · " Independent" was Statute Book and guarantees Ireland the 1·igh.t forced iro admit that the ev:idenc·e produced by of paying for years to come Eighteen Millions of ·. the Crown did not prove or attempt to prove that -annual taxatio.n ~nd _as' fuuch more as may be Mr . l\facSwiney had said anything suggesting, added in futm:e Budgets. It is all very well for even' in the' most remote way, that Mr. ;Redmond the " Irish Times" to jibe at Mr. Dillon and Mr : should be .molested, much less murdere.d .. We Devlin, and 'tG foreshado_w ..t4e. rea!lin,~ss of the ·have come -upon str:'f,!lge tim:es \Vlren Irrslfrnen of Unionists to Liinerick the Roine Rule treaty the highest charactei· are represented as murwhen their cha11ce comes. But · why did the derers, and when the answer tQ their protest is.

"Irish Times " make itself the channel of advice to call them liars. It is all so well calculated to to the Unionist voters to vote for the Young Man make Ireland fall in love with the true Empire who ought to be defending the Empire in the patriotism preached by Mr . Birrell. *. trenches ? If these things af-e done in the green "* * wood, what will be done in the dry? Already we Mr . Drury is the Dublin Stipendiary Magishave plain enough proofs of the intention to trate who did his best- some time ago, in ·consanaoag the men- whom Mr. Redmond has iri- junction with a Castle lawyer, to intimidate duced to man the sandbags. At the same time a witness in a grossly and scandalously illegal we read tha t a man who has previously sat in fashion. Last week Mr. I}rury tried a young Parliament as a Libetal is now going forward for man for the offence of r eceiving a rifle from a a vacant English seat as a Unionist, and that his soldier. The evidence, . as reported, was practiunopposed return is expected. cally this : The defendant asked the soldier to · .* · * * get him a rifle. The soldiei· got ·him a rifle, and

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NOTES

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Sir Morgan O'Connell writes from .Killai-ney to

then became a witness for the prosecution . . M:r.

the London "Times." "Recruiting, " he says, "in this county, with- a population of 165,000, is dead. Many causes have helped to kill it." Sir Morgan is modest enough to _name only one of the many causes. "J;he. op~n }!nd avowed pi:oGerman, anti-recruiting, Sinn Fein element has been allowed to spread and to spread until every village in K erry is rotten with it." Sir Morga1t thinks that 165,000 is too large a population for Kerry. In Daniel O'Connei.l's lifetime, Kerry had a popula tion of more than 300,000. Since then some . O'Connells have become what Daniel O'Connell u sed to call " base Whigs. " Sir Morgan need not be downhearted. Things are not quite so bad. in Kerry as he imagines. The 'population figures which he give-s are those of the Census of 1901. Since then there has been a great improvement. In 1911 the disgraceful sur- plus has been reduced by another 5,000, and ' there is no reason to believe· that this rate of progress has not been maintained up to date.

Altoget~er, in Sir Morgan's own time, the overp9pulat10n of Kerry has been reduced by from 40,000 to 50,000: Sir Morgan says that he wrote to the Lord Lieutenant last May' warning him to suppress public meetings.

He prints the Vicer9y's reply, which he plainly thinks unsatisfactory, f~r he follows up with a ferocious jibe '.1t the Chief _Secretary. Perhaps, if the public mterest permits and there is no fear of impartinoundesirable information to the enemy, now that Sir Morgan has pi;rblishe_d the ~ Viceroy's· reply; the Government will be mduced to publish the letter t o which that reply was written . Thouo-h Kerry i_s rotten with Sinn Fein, and Sir Morg';;'.n from his comfortable home in Killarney writes urging the British Government to dragoon the coun~y as the best means of getting recruits and backmg up Mr. John Redmond, whom Sir Morg;an C?~mends, the only danger· that Sir Morgan hyes is 111 the danger ~f explosive laughter. Let Sir Morgan con~ole himself with the reflection that :111 the. depopulation he can reasonably expect is provided for by the new taxation of Ireland .

Drury imposed the maximum sentence of six months' imprisonment, giving as his reason that the defendant took up a ·defiant attitude and ·produced no witnesses . . 'fhere is nothing like making the British · Government thoroughly popular, and .it is a re~l misfortune that we have not many more Stipendiary Drurys.

*

*

*

Right alongside of Sir Morgan;s letter the " Times " happened to print these words' in a letter from an eminent English Unionist 1awyer,

courage them 'for thei1' help to the Empire . Oh! tl;iey are brave rrien," arld outspoken, and true to Ireland, those leaders! We are denied selfgovernment, and · the money taken from us is given to the self-governing Colonies. The Hoi::ne Rule Act is suspended till St. Patrick's Day. "'.

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The London pa1:agraph-mongers have a new ver~ · sion of. the old story about Sir Roger Casement .. ·· We were told before that Germany offered IreJ land qomplete i ndependence.

Independence sou11ds better than ·paying Eight Millions a year, and whatever more is to be added, and getting nothing for it. E;o the story hag tO be amended 1 a s if i_t was a real English _treaty ' signed ·and registered. The new version says that the Ger·maris wish to anriex Ireland for st1,ategic purposes, but will give us Home Rule. Silly Germans! Aren't we going to get Home Rule on Patrickts Day? Having annou nced this programme to the Irish prisoners, Sir Roger was promptly " mauled " by them. N e:x:t time the story. appears, it will tell us that the Germans· have promised to let us off witli Eight Millions of an annual tribute, and that Sir Roget Casement, when he. told this to the'I:i:ish prisoners, was immediately· asphyxiated.

Eorn -MAc NEILL . . ::

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THE DUBLIN BRICADE. ~

ORDERS

FOR WE EK ENDING 5th MARCH, 1916.

1. Classes as usual. · 2. Usual Lectures for Officers on Tuesday and Saturday, at 8 p.m.

3. Tuesdayh 7th March, will be a closed night for drill, as t e Emmet Commemoration Concert takes place on that night.

E . DE VALERA, Brigade Adjt.

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Cumann. na. ·mBa~

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· Perh,aps it · will not be unseasonable a6 thi;s-

time, when there is so much talk of recruiting,,

to say a few words on the subject from our own platform. Within the past few months several' new Branches of Cumann na mBan have been started, and as '' nothing succeeds like success, ''1 let us n,ow gather up all our strength for the work that is before us; let us throw in. all our efforts and let us bring in everyone we can with * * us. As individuals we can - do much, but far I am beginning to think that, just as the -Ulster more . can we do by forming ourselves intP' Conspiracy and the Curragh Conspiracy exploded Branches of Cumann na· mBan and working to~ the Constitution sham, so .the apparently success- wards the one end which we all have so much at ful domin~tion of the ·Irish P arty leaders by the heart. The Executive meets every Tuesday at Whig Ministry has benefitted Ireland by bursting 2 D!).wson Street; at. 3.30. Their work depends almost entirely on the activities of the Branches, up a still more dangerous sham. Mr. Redmond's surrender policy · has induced the forees of and as they are always ready to direct and attend Whiggery all over Ireland to break cover and to · to the needs of the various Branches, they· "hope the Secretaries will not be shy in putting before fully expose their position . ~f the. Sharp Curve h ad been a deep laid strategem for decoying the them any questions about the orga,nisation 01· Whigs into the open, it could not have been more asking their advice as to ahy suggestions they may have in furthering the objects for which we successful. It has, indeed, been " a test to stand. · search men's· souls," a surprise inspection, and I would advise the Secretary of each Branch to the results of the test are well and fully keep the constitution of the organisation con'recorded . stantly before the minds of the member·s, so tha,t * * * they can see if they are really carrying out what The Government is borrowing 420 millions to pay for another few months fighting, and is is incumbent on them. Take, for instance . thi's week, one important item of our programme=-:getting ready a new Budget to raise fresh taxes. i.e., L.....e arming and equipment of the Irish Ireland is already required to pay t en pounds a Volunteers. Now every Branch of Cumann na: house to finance this war, · "Ireland's war."

Some people may imagine . that these taxes will mBan ought to put it before themselves to dOtheir share of this with regard to · the local corps· not be required when the war is over. If the Empire was to emerge from the wii.r with a ll the of Volunteers. Therefore, for this reason alone,. triumphant success that was prophesied to bull- it is ·m ost important to have Branches of Cumann dose the leaders of the Irish P arty, the added na mBan all over the country. Existing Branches should send for leaflets, which set forth the aims war-taxes would still be impo ~ed until most of us and activities of Cumann na mBan and which we now a live would be dead and bui-ied. We no longer read about the Allies .Ciictating terms in possess in abundance, &nd distribute .....em at Berlin, and Mr. Redmond now knows that he church doors and at fairs z.-::d markets and aIF was humbugged. That means .that the taxes will Tound the country, as they ·see an qpport·u nity, in· have to ·be horne for many deca des.' Let the order to spread the propaganda . Send up any names and addresses of people who are sympaJ beggarman carry his bag. We never asked for this war, and to make us pay for it is sheer thetic and the Secretary can send down literature robbery. We are told a lot about the grand part and any information required. There are hundreds of ways of forwarding the movement. Set tha.t is being played by the Colonies. The people to work · seriously and you can do much. A of Ireland would wait long until Mr. Redmond, Mr. Dillon, and Mr. Devlin would stir them up pamphlet setting fortli our aspirations is being written, and will shortly be on sale. Put such to the fact that while Ireland is being fleeced for the war, the. money taken from us is going in literature in the hands of your friends who have· large loans to the Colonies to reward and · en- not yet come into the " firing-line."

Saturday, March 4th, 1916 .

. THE IRISH VOLUNTEER .

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HEADQUARTERS BULLETIN

II

Corgei and the Hungar'ian1Army.

The Central Executive of the Irish Volunteers !----------------------~--~--~-------------'C1on6t "Oo l'.>l AS ~om~11'le 1;n6e<i f ,ernne

f i1l 1nA n'Ounpori:: t:11.&en6n6 'O. Ce.6.'0.&01n .dn 2361'> l.& '"Oe'n rill ro ASUr An Ce~nn C6.t6 P.&'Ol\61C mAc fJl.61\Alr 1n.6 CACA01l'teAC Ol'C.6·..

"Oo molA\> rliA1CeAn t:.lr Al' ron Ul'CUll'eACt:A 1 uo lMom:u1E;eAt> nA cornE;e.6ttACA .&l' .:\ mbJ'Onnf.61' e. 'Oo h6om:;u1f;e.:\U te1r t:~1rt:eAr "Oo t'.>t'onn.:\u Al' r o n fe<it'.>A1r 1 sce.:\"O- c neAruE;.61'>.

'Do haont:u1 s e.&t> .:\ l'All'.> r ocl'u1 E;te AS An mbU1t>rn Ce.:\nnu1r 1 ·:sc oril.:\11' lAe fe1te fJ.&'Ol'.:\1C. 'Ounpo.11t: n.:\.fernne, ~t CU.&t, 23 fe.il'.>., 191 6. .6.rnmm s te.

SlU.65 ~t.6. Cll.6.t-.6.n ce-0.'0 C.6.t. .6.n le<ir·CApt:Aon PT'ornnriAr 0 'O.&l..<ilS (le<if- C6pt:.:\on 1 nne .:\llt:611'l c um 1'.>e1t 1n.:\ CAPt:.:\on 1nneAtlt:61l'l). .6.n t:O:st11c liAm 0 Slotc.&in cum 1'.>e1t rn.& leAr- C<ipt:Aon 1 nneAltt:611'1.

-0. n 'O .6.R-0. C.6.t . .6.n Ce11nn 1lq,rnn~ 1l. S t:6 CAf -cum.. t'.>e1t rn<i rh.&1 s 1rt:11' CAmpA Con:s·<int:6. m1re, · p .<i'OR-0.lC .m.6.C P1.6.R6.1 S , Ce.inn C<it<l, R1<il'A1'0e .:\n 0t'UU1S;t e .

'Ounpol't: n.:\ fernne, ~t C_lJAt, 23 f e.il'.> ., 1916.

-.6.n -s-0.eue-0.t:s. . b<it> ril.&1t te1r .in mburoin CeAnnu1r "O.& n'Oe.6.nr.&u f1Anna f .&1l .:\n 01l'e.&'O 'O..i n:sn6 Af :SAeU1l:S ASUf 1r fe1'01l\. ni 5 6.eU e dt :SO :S.&et>1t:seo111.

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NOTES _FROM

HEADQUARTE~S.

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ST. PATRI CK'S DAY .

As noted last week, it is the wish of Head.quarters.tha t all public holidays should be availed of by Volunteer bodies fo_r the -purposes of special training or recruiting work . Being Volunteers, and not professional soldiers, we can as a rule devote only a few hours a week to the business of training ourselves. Whenever a general holiday gives µs a chance of pulling up for this necessary handicap we should avail of it. St. Patrick's Day next should see us all in the fields or on the roads. The ' holiday should first be sanctified by the Church Parade ordered in the ..General Order published this week. By parading for divine worship as Volunteers, bearing the arms we have won, the right to carry, and then by putting in a few hours' hard work perfecting ourselves in the use of those arms, we shall be cele_brating St. Patrick's Day in a very holy and wholesome way. If there can be a concert or a ceilidhe in the evening, so much the better. One other word. Let no Volunteer disgrace his uniform by drink.

EQUIPMENT AGAIN .

The list of articles prescribed by Headquarters for the personal equipment of Volunteers which we summarised a fortnight ago contains n.othing superfluous. Nevertheless, some of the items in it are more important than others. Next in importance tci arms and ammunition C_?me provision

NICHT OPERATIONS.

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5. -NIGHT ASSAULTS. Night assaults have, as a rule, proved disastrous to irregular troops, but there have been a few bri:!liant exceptions. To be on the safe side we would lay it down as a maxim for Volunteers that night assaults s hould rarely lie attempted by a force larger tha n a battalion acting agai nst a sin'gle objective.

RECONNAISANCE. The same rules hold as for night advances, which see:- · · PREPARATIONS. (1) As the enemy will in all probability counter-attack at dawn, your attack should be timed so as to leave you a few hours of darkness for fortifying the ground you may gain.

(2) A place of assembly will be selected beforehand, at which march formations will be abandoned . Its position depends on circumstancesnature of ground, enemy's vigilance, ·size of fo1·ce, etc. .

(3) A place of deployment will also be selected.

Here the columns will deploy for attack.

(4) Both the place of assembly and the place of deployment must be easily recognisable a t night.

From the former position to the latter, and from the latter to the' point to be assaulted compass bearings should be t aken and noted. Distances must also be noted. · (5) If two or more points are to be assaulted care must be taken in selecting the places of assembly and deployment for each, that tP,e

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111 . -ARGUMENTS AGAINS,T A PR E MATURE ADVANC E. met at· Headquarters on Wednesday evening, the " Troops intended to act on the offensive must 23rd inst., . Commandant P. H. Pearse in the be capable of manreuvring; that is to say, each division must have the dexterity to execute the ch<1-ir. . .

A badge for markmanship was approved of and movements ordered in the prescribed time, and unison with the adjoining divisions. Only a the conditions on which it will be awarded were in very small part of our army- is capable of agreed to. · It was also agreed to aw~rd a certifi- manreuvring. The few regular troops and one or two Honved battalions excepted, it consists of cate for proficiency in First Aid. ' The arrangements made by the General Sta.ff divisions wnich fall into confusion in the simplest movements on the exercise ground. And they for St. Patrick's Day were approved of. are _in general commanded by men who, from their inadequate military knowledge, are calcuHeadquarters, 2 Dawson St., lated only to heighten the confusion when once Dublin, 23rd Feb., 1916. introduced. . " Every offensive, to be carried on successCENERAL OR DER S. fully 1 further i'equire~ cE'.rtai;n reg.ular suppliE'.s for tne troops ; otherwise it miscarries from their ST. PA'.TRICK' S DAY, 1916. physical 'veakness. Disciplined troops can be 1. Every body of Irish Volunteers will, if furnished with provisions for several days in a,dpossible, hold a Church Parade -on St. I;'atrick's vance; not so the undisciplined. It seems burdensome to the National Guard, .as well as to the Day, March 17th .

2. Brigade and Battalion Commandants will Volunteer, to drag with him his own rations for some _ days on the march, already tbilsome be responsible for the arrangements in their re- enough without this. He satisfies his present. spective Districts. In areas not yet organised as hunger, and sells or gives away the rest, or even; Ba ttalion Districts the Company Commanders without hesitation, throws it away . " The offensive requires, finally-, troops hardy will be responsible, and may co-operate with and accustomed to fight . The majority of ours Comm.a nders of ~µjoining Companies. belong not to this cat.e gory. On th!l battle-field 3. The P arades may be by Brigade, Batt::tlion, two opposing powers contend for the mastery or Company, as the Brigade or other Command- over the steadfastness of the soldier. Honour, patriotic enthusiasm, perhaps also the fear of ing Officer of a District may determine .

I punishment which the articles of wai" decree 4. After the Church Parade each local com- against the cowardly soldier, .urge him forward ; while the -death thundered •against him from the mand is 'to carry out a field operation, a march, or some other piece of training, directed or ap- enemy's artillery frightens him back. The history of war teaches us that young troops more proved by the Brigade or Battalion Commandant, frequently experience the latter fate. qr in the case of smaller units by the Company " As I might, however be reproached with exaggeration, I will run the risk of a harmless Commander. test, the result of which will show us whether we P. H. PEARSE', Commandant, can hazard or not the proposed offensive. Let Direct<_>r of Organisation. us issue an order; for instance, that the whole Headquarters, 2 Damson Street, camp be n iady to start on the day after toDublin, 23rd FeQ., 1916. morrow at five o'clock i11 the after-n9on, and let us convince ourselves how far this order has for cleaning the gun and provision for 'carrying been executed. If we find the whole camp prethe ammunition. Every Volunteer needs a pull- pared, though not just precisely at the fixed throl):gh, flannelette , and oil. They.: are to be re- hour, .yet say two hours later, then will I uncongarded as in(lispensable. In the category of in- ditionally vote for the .offensive." dispensables also is a bandoJier or pouch to hold Kossuth was evidently displeased with my dethe ammunition. It will· not do to carry your claration, and put to me- the question: "How ammunition in your pocket: it may wear a hole high did I estimate the e:p.thusiasm which his and fall through. (Volunteer poclfets, by the - a.d dress would call forth among the· t.roops ?" way, should in any case be made very sfrong: · . "Iii the camp, and immediately after the adexisting pockets in ordinary coats or uniforms dress, very high; but after the endurance of can be strengtliened with can_vas.) Other indis- hardships, and in presence of the enemy, very pensables are a haversack and a first field dress- low," was my answer. ' ing. We commend these four items to the atten~ "Then you . think," he asked again, irritated, tion of Company Commanders this week .:"that we shall not bring back a single man of our army?"

1. Provision for cleaning Rifle. " For the safety of the Nat. ional Guard and 2. Bandolier or Pouch.

3. Haversack. the Volunteers,'" I replied, "their nimbleness is · to me a sufficient guarantee · but the few good .

F ' ld D 4 · F irst ie ressmg. troops .which we possess might be ruined by it, NEGLE CTIN G THE OB VIOU S. , and with _them the material which we so pressWe are insisting on these obvious things be- ingly need for training up a useful army." cause we know that so many officers and men are In spite of all Gorgei could do, however, it neglecting them. There are some Companies, was decided to make the advance. As he had otherwise well-appointed, whose men have not foretold, the greatest confusion, mixing of units, half-a-do-z en pull-throughs between them . We and counter-orders took place on the march, and hear of whole districts in which there is hardly by the time the unfortunate levies came into a haversack . Portion of · a certain expeditionary presence of the enemy at Schwechat, a little outforce during the present war is said to have si<le Vienna, they were ~!ready half be.a ten. arrived in the firing line minus its ammunition, because the .men had not been provided with pouches or bandoliers, and it had fallen through their pockets! If leather pouches cannot be had everywhere, strong canvas pouches could at least be made. Volunteers should set their wives and mothers and sisters working on these and other items of their equipment. ' '

V O LUNTEE R S

Get Your New'Overcoat from

different forces do not cross or hamper each other.

(6) A distinguishing mark sh~uld be ordered for the troops, and a watchword given. The C.0. and Staff should wear recognisable bad<Yes. (7) Materials and appliances for sur~ountinoobstacles, etc., must be provided. "' . (8) Rockets, flares, or bonfires may be used as· signals for the assault .

P.ROTECTION . It is considered' advisable to ensure surprise, to dispense with advan'ced troops. This, of course, is on the assumption that the ground has been thoroughly reconnoitred as already laid down. · . _FOR~ATION OF C,OLUMN S. _(1) 'Ihe troops will be mfantry, assisted by engmeers, for the removal of obstacles and the fortification of ground gained. · (2) Lines of scouts 80 yards ahead or on the flanks are the best protection before deployment.

(3) At t~e place of deployment the formation to be used m the assault will be made.

(4) This formation will, of course, vary. We may suggest the followino- :The force is divided int~ three lines.

The first line moves in line, or in line of Company colum!1s at deploying intervals. (The la tter is ~mly advisablE'. for a few of our beri•er-trairied un~ts. Connectmg files at 10 paces will be -reqmred.)

The second line IJ:loves in the same formation at 100 yards distance.

T~e third line follows at 200 yards in any convement close order formation.

(This subject will be continued.)

L~DOYLE

-2 TAL BQT S T . , DU BLIN SPLENDID SELE CTION OF R ELIABL E I R IS H MAT ER IA LS AT R EASl)N=ABL., E PRI CES .

I• DEFENCE Of THE

REALM ACT •

in IRELAND

Th~ aim of this Pam phlet is to show that the RE ALM ACT is the LAT EST and WORST F ORM OF ENGL IS H COE RCION Acts.

All cases of terrorism, persecution, bullying and deportations in Ireland are fully revealed and explained.

It is a most valuable publication and

I. I I

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Or Post · Free 1!d.

Get a dozen post free for ·1 /- and hand them round.

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WHELAN &

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11· Upper Ormond Quay, DUBLIN.

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Saturday, March 4th, 1916.

THE IRJSH VQLUNTEER.

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I~-----------------------------------------~1NA

FIANN.A

CONVENTION~,L SIGNS (contiµued).

EIR.EANN ·

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spent an .ho.yr on Jilanamvre,s; it is likewise clear _that .the bank is better than the he.dge as a protection against rifle. fire, and so on. A rough sketch showing the fences Intersecting the country around, say, an enemy's camp or a position about to be occupied by your own force will often forin an invaluable adjunct to the reconnoitrer's repo1·t.

3 Cork Vol.unrteer Officers'. Trainii ng School.

"A soldier's lif(l the life's for n+e, And a soldiei"s death so Ireland free ."

''Tubn~~myu~cla~m.'' ~~h~tM

Commahdant''s opinion of' the Cork Volunteer Officer's Training School, and when that is so In a hedge-intersec_ted country like ours, it is how can a mere Quartermaster describe the important that our scouts should thoroughly pioneers who gathered for a fortnight from the :Understand the use of the different kind of counties of Cork and Limerick to learn not alone the soldier's trade but· to perfect themselves in fences, in attack and ·defence. The value of a ban-k with a hedge and drain, and its superiority the art of teaching others, and learn all there <0veF the plain hedge is obvious to a nyone who has was in the art .of commanding thos.e anxious to . F.-Ic_L DS AND FEN CE S . figh't for a small nationality . No small sacrifice c. to leave their home.s at _such a time, but then the chance was theFe, and when the Cork Corps made the sugO.estion the response was such as to exceed the most sanguine expect~_tions of the promoters. Even though some failed to come :;i,fter arra.!lging, e,nough came to .rpake .it pg;ssil;>le to k~ep tl;iree squad_s busy r!glit' ~J;iroi;l~~ ~;he fortmght. An additional number came CJ.unng the second week, and so delighted with their stay W<i_re a.11. .that it was with no unfei~ne,<J -~rel~cta:J?-«;e that all departed from what had proved a most enjoyable and instructive fortnight's training.

The improvement. in the men was very marked, and the · districts which sent men are no.w pro~ . vided with instructors fit to put any corps II• ·It.. .l1tt1• oh through the. necessary drill. Insomuch that dur111.. llh1 ing the last week we had the amusing spectacle of a group of the t!·aini:ng school officers correctIn the above sketch the signs for all .the differ- write the nature of the cultivation in the sketch, ing the Cork City officers' " mistakes " in squad ent fences are shown. It is not necessary to unless it is required for your report. drill, their delight of so doing being but thinly l3ARBED SMOOTH disguised . · _ --*--')(-)( ·)( )( - -Q-o-o-o--0-oThe course inclrn;led a bivouac in what a coun~y paper . calls "the Cork Sinn Fein Barracks." . W IRE S TONE " Sacks of sti:aw Were gqod mattresses after a gqod day'§ work;:· which began at' 7 o'cfock ana l!i;ste'd A STONE WAt.L F ENC E of solid masonry is WIRE . Note the different signs for barbed to "lights out " at 11 p.m. A sprint before and smooth wire fences . indicated by the above sign. breakfast helped to get rid of the welcome co.m~ 0 0 000 ~ modity; Then squa(j drill and lectures till dinner H EDG E ' hour, when · the· commissariat is again tested.

BANK H EDGE Ai:IDBAN -K D RAIN After- dinner the course was continued to teaA BANK is- shown by a straight. black line.

A DRAIN is represented by a wavy line and time, and then the Cork Corps were. availed of to A HEDGE is drawn without lifting the pencil. is drawn on the sketch exactly .on the side ~f the test the knowledge acquired. Sundays were Note the difference between lJ. plain h~dge and a bank or hedg~ it really is. In many cases drains availed of to have field operatio11s with the CorkHEDGE and BANK representea, as it were, by are on both sides of the fence, and in such cases men. And on Sunday, 30th J<inuary, th~ Train:a combination of' the two signs. they should be shown on the sketch . , . ing Corps joined ·wit:\i the Cork Corp~ in paying . ~ · ~of~ a last tribute to Volunteer J . O'Sullivan, "A" Coy., Cork Corps, whose obseqµies were carrjed - I-I.EDGE ANc» .BANK Loose:: s~oNE S HIN GLE o R out with -full Volunteer· honours. · WI T ,.; DRAIN. W ALL L OOSE ST ONE S ''The only drawback was an outbreak of influe.nza, which necessitated the . opening of · av HEDGE and BANK with DRAIN. Note the S H INGL E, loose stones, or road metal may be infirmary, which worked so effective]y that ·a!;l combination of signs. represented as show_n above. going. The . Commandan t of_ the Camp was A LOOSE STONE WALL is a coinmon form of It is 'important for' the reconnoitrer to note kept the only casualty that was effective, and we lost fence in the west of Ireland. whether the chw-ch has a fo~er or spire. his services dw•ing the last stages ·of -the camp, QQ2S? Commandant O'Sullivan, Cork Corps. having to '51NG'LE TREE -2 Wobo~i'Q Q2 OasTACL~ be,ar the brunt of the last week's work. -Thb'ugh Q Q~ p2Q 2 ' this was a big ,upset, the work of tbe -school was WOODS. The nature of the woods must be · OBSTACLES, Al5attis, .or barrica<;les' of any carried out with eagerness· by all concerned, and marked. in writing qn the sketch thus: ~ !PINE," kind are shown by above sign. State in writing the men went h'ome satisfied with the improvement in their knowledge and only sorry that the -«BIRCH," etc., and whether it is "Passable" the nature of the obstacle. comradeship begotten ·of such splendid com.or "Impassable" for troops, tra·nsport, etc.

PADRAIC O RIAIN .. panions could not be continued indefinitely.

(A continuation of this article will appear in next · week's issue.)

On Friday, 28th January, the Cork Cumann na mBan entertained those who attended the III. Training School to a very enjoyable ceilidh. Miss From Galway to Balli~a by Loughs Corrib and McSwiney (sister of our felon comrade) welDeife1ns,ive Lines .in1Ireland. comed the country office.rs, ai;tcl . aft_e r, an enj9yM~sk, and thence. North to Lo~gh Conn and Killala Bay. Flo'tlllas to be stationed on the a:Bre nig{lt's fun-the consen~ ?f'the ,.C!omman,dant When Napoleon i~ 1804 assembled his "Grande ~a-kes . This line. woµld require a large force, and was obtained to a return ceihdh, which was held a week. later. ·Both events were enjoyed by all, Armee " along the coast of the English Channel m case of necessity the alternative was even" tne intrusion of the county officer's on the it was thought .possible, though scarcely likely, city Volunteers' love affaiis' being forgiven . .

IV . · that Ireland might be the intended destination The financial side of the camp -r esulted in a · From Galway to Westport only-an immensely of the French. · Several eminent English officers slight loss: Twelve shillings a week was charged .o f · that time have written memoranda discu.ss- strong line; having a land front of little over a iing ways and ·P.J.eans for the defence of Ireland in d_ozen miles: Th';l .rest is cove_!:.ed by lakes of con- for the commissariat, and for this amount .a fii"stmenu was provided daily and done justice .•such a case. In one of these the author contem- siderable size with only narrow isthmuses be- cfass tween them. The only defect of this region is to by all. This department was in charge of plates a series of possible positions for a final Quartermaster Tadg Barry, while Captain C. :stand and ,basis of .reconquest, .assuming a pro- thatr being mountainous, 'the roads are compara- O'Gorman assisted Commandant_J. J. O'Connell, tiv:ely few. There is, however,' one good lateral of the F.{eadquarters Staff, and Commandant 11'.lounced French success. Such, for example, were the cases of W ellingbon in' the Torres road, well behind . the ·front, from Galway to O'Sullivan, Cork, in conducting the various · Vedras position in Portugal a few years' ·later ; Westport by Oughterard and Killary. exercises. · the Turks at Chatalja fow- years . ago :; and · · "-B~f81'il breakib.g camp Captain M. Lynch, on v.

General Sarrail at Salonika .a t the present time.

From Li~erick or Killaloe to Kinvarra-cover- behalf of. those attendi.ng the classes; presented In all the•cases considered it was ~ssull).ed that Commandant O'Connell and the Quartermaster the English fleet would command the sea, and ing practically tlie County Clare. -The line· being with .splendid marching. boots, in appreciation of ·that reinforcements and supplies would be the Shannon, the lower part of Lough Derg and . their services to the sc.hool. the Slieve Aughty Mountains. This is not a very ;reasonably secure. This assumption had been ·TADG. satisfactory line and ·would never be' taken up by I justified entirely by the experience of former ~~~-~·~ ~~a General who had the chance of selecting IV. '.wars in Ireland. As far as the English were ' EMMET AN 'N IVERSARY. .-concerned they aimed at a position with fairly The -Annual Emmet Anniversary CommemoraVI. .suitable sea approaches, the flanks resting on the From Lismore to Limerick. The Blackwater, tion, under the auspices of the Wolfe Tone sea or some strong obstacle, and the front short the GaJt ees, and the outlying hills of the latter Memorial Association, will be held in the Round -either in its whole extent or by reason of il!).- carry the line to'.:Within ten miles of Limerick; Room, Mansion House, Dublin, on Tues.day, ' -passable ground on part of it. Beginning on the For a large force this is a formidable line. The March 7th. The commemoration address will be North we shall go round the se'l(eral suggested area enclo;sed is large, but t he communications delivered by Mr. Joseph O'FfahEirty, J.,ougl:;trea, .defensive lines separately. are good. Nowadays the railways have vastly and Sean MacDiarmada (Vice-President of the I. improved them . The area covered possesses also Association) will preside.

From· Colei·aine to .Newry, follow:ing the Lower many harbours and much natural resources. ".Bann, Lough Neagh, the Upper Bann, and the VII. CROUPS! CROUPS! CROUP'S !

Newry Canal. Part of the scheme w.as a flotilla From Wexford to New Ross. This is ·a twEinty-0f gunboats to maintain command of Lough mile line of land front, but the flanks are stronoo N eagh. This line is long and not very strong, 'being entirely_ a river line' and not v:ery• large and there is good accommodation for landinoo re°.. inforcements. In the matter of communications -rivers at that. The points of passage are fairly Photographic Group Specialists. numerous and others could be improvised. Still the en.tire area is tl!oroughly intersected by a it is much the best line in the · North-East, has complete network of roads. At the present time fairly good .harbour accommodation, fairly good the Rosslare-Campile railway adds ooreatly to ' lateral communications, and flanks that could- the lateral strength . of the line and Rosslare affords much extra reinforcing ca'.pacity.

'Phone 2902 • . hot be· turned . - -

..

e2

·1-~HUmate

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Keogh Bros., Ltd.,

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II. from Donegal to Derry, following the moun-tains North-West of Derry, the Finn, and the 'Foyle. This is a much shorter line than the _first, equally strong flanks, and · covers much better harbours. On the other hand the communication ~ in the entire district are not so good at all, ,although fairly good in rear of the northern half of the line. In the South the only lateral road is ·the one through Barnesmore Gap just in rear of ·the 'general front.

VIII.

GAELS! Remember an From Drogheda to Wicklow. In this case the Irish ,Irelandet . when you left flank would rest on the Wicklow Mountains want ·New or Secondhand which ~ould be 9ccupied by detachments only'.

Typewriters, Duplicators, The mam defendmg army would concentrate in Stencils, Stencil Ink, RibFingall'Plain,_ bei_ng c:overed in part by the Bog . bons, Carbons; Papers, etc. ?f Allen. This lme is by no mean~ strong in Any · make of Typewrit.er itself, but has good ·landing accommodation and Repaired. magni?cent commi;inications-much superior to anythmg the .assailant would. have at his dis- THE FOLEY TYPEWRITER TRADING CO ., posal. • Reis Chambers, DUBLIN .

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B1\-NDS. VOLUNTEERS we ask your support when starting °Bagpipe or other Bands.

We are actual makers in Irebnd, and can give you better and cheaper In~ st1:uments than thd_se who are merely · Importers. ~- · · Best Uilean Bagpipes always in stock.

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ALL IRISH. -Fair Prices.

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=======================:::::::::===· Printed for the Proprietors a t Mahon's Printing Works, Dublin, a nd published at the V<:J~Ul).teer; Headquarters, 2 Dawson St'r eet, Dubhn.