3.2 Location Mapping

Globally sweet orange is commonly referred to as orange because it is the most commonly grown type in the world. Overtime, new varieties have been developed scientifically through mutation and methods of grafting to get new characteristics in the developed variety. In India, quite a few varieties of Mandarin are widely grown across various states followed by the varieties of sweet oranges known by different names regionally, having distinct physical characteristics.

Figure 10: Commonly known varieties in India( Source: Google images, Author)

3.2 LOCATION MAPPING

3.2.1 Production globally

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) statistics, 75 million tonnes of oranges were produced globally over 4.5 billion hectares of land in 2018. Oranges are the most cultivated fruit trees in the world.World orange production is dominated by North America, South America and Asia. The leading producers of oranges include countries like Brazil- on the 1st position, China- on the 2nd position, followed by India on the 3rd position. The dominance of countries like Brazil is due to the Sweet orange production which has more shelf life than Mandarins.

Figure 11: Share of continents in orange production( Source: FAO)

This above and the following data is collected from FAO in the year 2018-2019

Figure 12: Orange production by country in tonnes( Source: FAO)

Figure 13: Top 10 orange producing countries( Source: FAO)

3.2.2 Production in India

In India two types of oranges- Mandarin and Sweet orange are grown across the country. These are further classified into their respective varieties, native to the region in which they are grown, by different names varying from one state to another. The following data is collected from the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) to understand the production across different states in the country.

Mandarin species The total land under Mandarin orange/kinnow in the country is 4.79 lakh hectare according to 3rd advance estimates in 2019-20. In India varieties of Mandarin are grown widely in Madhya Pradesh being the largest producer as per 2017-18 data. Maharashtra is at the 3rd position in the overall production

There are several varieties which differ from one another in their characteristics • Nagpur santra- Nagpur, Amravati, Wardha • Khasi- Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal • Kinnow(hybrid variety) – Punjab, Haryana • Coorg- Karnataka, Tamil Nadu • Darjeeling- West Bengal , Sikkim

The reason for Madhya Pradesh being the largest producer may be due to the contribution by several parts collectively and not only concentrated to one region as in the case of Maharashtra. Advancement and use of modern and efficient systems in farming methods may also be the reason for this.

Figure 14: Top 10 producers in the country( Source: APEDA)

Figure 15: Top 5 orange producing states in the country( Source: Author)

Sweet Orange In India varieties of Sweet orange are grown widely with Andhra Pradesh being the largest producer as per 2017-18 data. Maharashtra is at the 2nd position in the overall production.

The various varieties of sweet orange grown in different states differ from one another in their characteristics • Mosambi- Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh • Sathgudi- Andhra Pradesh • Malta- Punjab, Haryana

Imported varieties include Hamlin, Jaffa, Valencia etc grown popularly in Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh. In Maharashtra, Mosambi is grown widely in the Marathwada region. Due to the popularity of Nagpur santra in Nagpur, sweet orange is not grown largely as opposed to the production of Nagpur Mandarin.

Figure 16: Top 10 producers in the country( Source: APEDA)

Figure 17: Top 10 producers in the country( Source: APEDA)

4LOCAL SCENARIO

Moving further, after understanding the global scenario, this chapter focuses on the overall scenario in terms of the farming, production etc. for the district. Gathering of information and derivation of conclusions is done through online data collection and interacting with people in the industry.

4.1 Location mapping

4.1.1 Orange growing belt 4.1.2 Production in the district 4.1.3 Other crops

4.2 Farming requirements

4.2.1 Climate suitability 4.2.2 Seasons 4.2.3 Intercropping

4.3 Understanding through experts in the field

4.3.1 Understanding a farm setup 4.3.2 Visit to CCRI 4.3.3 Takeaways from interviews