The SPHINX | Spring May 1945 | Volume 31 | Number 2 194503102

EDUCATIONAL UMBER. The Negro soldier, who is returning to his native America.-comes back with a much more sober view towards al education; for, through the very rigor of its training program, the Army has made . him acutely a w a r e of the need for efficient education. Hence, Aith in a secure program of . education has mounted considerably. Those of us then, who have remained on the borne front, should have centered attention, even before now. upon the direction which present and postwar education of the Negro must - take to achieve a full democracy for all of us here.

MAY, 1945, •

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A L P H A PHI A L P H A FRATERNITY,

Inc.

GENERAL OFFICERS .iAYFORD W. LOGAN President Howard University, Washington, D. C. WILLIAM N. LOVELACE First Vice-President 1303 Burdette Street, Cincinnati, Ohio WILLIAM H. GRAY, JR Second Vice-President Florida A. and M. College, Tallahassee, Florida LLOYD L. Bl'RRELL Third Vice-President 152 Northland Avenue, Buffalo, New York JACK TERRY Fourth Vice-President 11627 Brandera Avenue, Los Angeles, California JOSEPH H. B. EVANS General Secretary 101 S. Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. MEREDITH G. FERGUSON Treasurer Citizens Savings Bank & Trust Company, Nashville, Tennessee REID E. JACKSON Editor of the Sphinx Southern University, Scotlandville, La. B COUNCILL TRENHOLM Director of Education Alabama State College, Montgomery, Alabama BELFORD V. LAWSON, JR General Counsel 2001 11th Street, N. W., Washington. D. C. LAY MEMBERS EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Oliver A. Brown, Talladega College, Talladega, Alabama Knox Nash, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia Gregory N. Swanson, Howard University, Washington, D. C. HOWARD H LONG Chairman, Committee on Public Policy 1112 Girad St., N. W., Washington, D. C. HENRY L. DICKASON Chairman. Committee on Standards Bluefleld State Teachers College, Bluefleld. West Virginia WILLIAM D. HAWKINS Chairman Auditing Committee Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee

HARRY S. McALPIN Chairman Publicity Committee 2904 Park Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. ROBERT P. DANIEL „nairman. Budget CommKte* Shaw University, Raleigh. North Carolina CHARLES H. WEELEY

Historian

Wilberforce University, Wilberforce. Ohio KEKMIT J. HALL Director, Transportation State Teachers College, Bluefleld, West Va. JEWELS Dr. Henry A. Callls, 2306 E St., N. E., Washington, D. C.i Nathaniel A. Murray, 150 You Street, N. W., Washington, D. O.S Vertner W. Tandy, 221 West 139th St., New York, N. Y.; George B. Kelly, l-113th Street, Troy, New York.

•Charles H. Chapman—'Roy H. Ogle—'James H. Morton—'Deceaied.

REGIONAL DIRECTORS Midwestern Southern Blake, Koad.

St., S.

Jurisdiction—William N. Lovelace, vice-president.

Jurisdiction—William II. tirav, vice-president; Clinton L. principal, West c h a r l o t t e High School, 1 4 1 " . Hcattie's Fork Charlotte, North Carolina; Andrew J. Lewis, II. 6 2 6 Tatnall W.. Atlanta, Georgia; Aaron L. Allen, 1 6 0 1 Eighteenth Ave.,

N., Nashville, Tennessee; and Walter Mortal, 1433 Touro St., New

Orleans, Louisiana.

Eastern Jurisdiction—Lloyd L Burrell, vice-president: Herbert T. Miller.

4 0 5 Carlton Ave., Brooklyn, New York; J o h n M. Moore, VirUinia Union University, Richmond, 2 0 , Virginia; and Arwin A. H a m m , 1 2 4 N o r t h New York Avenue, Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Western Jurisdiction—Jack Tlerrj-. vice-president; James A. Robinson, 8 5 0 V. * 9 t h Place, Los Angeles, California; John Caldwell. 5 5 0 8 Templar, Houston, ' l \ x a s ; and Robert H. Lee, 2 8 0 2 Stewart, Berkeley, California.

CHAPTER OFFICERS University, I t h a c a , N. Y.; President, Dr. i. ALPHA—Cornell G. A. Galvin, 216 W. S t a t e Street; Secretary, Dr. Albert P.

a. s.

4.

S. 6.

7.

8.

9.

J o h n s o n , 216 W. S t a t e Street.

BETA—Howard University, W a s h i n g t o n , D. C ; President, K e n n e t h D u n g i l l ; Secretary, Gregory H. S w a n s o n , Howard University.

GAMMA—Virginia U n i o n U n i v e r s i t y , R i c h m o n d , Va.; Presid e n t Theodore J. J a m i s o n , Virginia U n i o n University.

D E L T A — T i l l o t s o n College, A u s t i n , Texas; President, W i l l i a m C Hall, 1603 East 7 t h Street, A u s t i n 22, Texas; Secretary, Maceo T. Bowie, T i l l o t s o n College, A u s t i n 22, Texas.

EPSILON—University of M i c h i g a n , A n n Arbor, Mich.; Presid e n t , J o h n L. S. H o l l o m a n ; Secretary, Horace Rodgers, 1015 E. Catherine Street, A n n Arbor, M i c h i g a n .

ZETA Yale University, N e w H a v e n , Conn.; President, Chas.

A. Tribett; Secretary, T. R. P e t t y j o h n . 77 D i c k e r m a n Street, New H a v e n , C o n n . „ E T A — C o l u m b i a University, St. Lawrence. Brooklyn CC, New York New York; President, W. Lester B r y a n t 172-13—107th Ave J a m a i c a 5, New York; Secretary, Edward N. Byas, 302 W. 122nd Street, New York, New York.

THETA—University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.: President, R o b e r t W. Harrison; Secretary, Frank A. B a n k s , 4432 S o u t h Parkway, Chicago, Illinois.

I O T A — A t l a n t a , Georgia; President, Robert W. McDowell; Acting Secretary, J. O. Slade, Morris B r o w n College, Atlanta,

10. KAPPA—Ohio S t a t e University, C o l u m b u s , Ohio; President, J a m e s R. A n t h o n y : Secretary, W m . Fredric J o h n s o n , 76 East E l e v e n t h Avenue, C o l u m b u s , O h i o .

1 1 . MU—University of M i n n e s o t a , M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . Paul, M i n nesota; President, J o h n R. Lawrence, 947 Iglehart Avenue, M i n n e a p o l i s , M i n n e s o t a ; Secretary, J o h n M. F a t t o n , 954 St. A n t h o n v A v e n u e , St. Paul, M i n n e s o t a .

13. N U L i n c o l n University, Pa.; President, Warren E. S m i t h ; Secretary, O s m o n d H. B r o w n , Jr., L i n c o l n University, Box 87, P e n n s y l v a n i a .

13. X I Wilberforce University, Ohio; P r e s i d e n t , Leon S i m m o n s ; Secretary, L e h a m D. Adams, Jr., Wilberforce U n i v e r sity, Wilberforce, O h i o .

14. O M I C R O N — P i t t s b u r g h , Pa.; P r e s i d e n t , T h e o d o r e W. PTimas, Jr.: Secretary, J a m e s L. W h l t s e t t , 534 Lowell Street, P i t t s b u r g h , Pa. I S . PI w e s t e r n Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio; President, Henry C. Crawford; Secretary, Creed F. Ward, 10321 W e s t c h e s t e r Ave., Cleveland, O h i o .

16. R H O — G r a d u a t e g r o u p , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P e n n s y l v a n i a : Presid e n t , Dr. W. F. Jerrick; F i n a n c i a l Secretary, Dr. Percy I. Bowser, 5344 Race Street, P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pa.; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. O. W i l s o n W i n t e r s , 28 Curren Arcade, N o r r l s t o w n , Pa. University, Boston, Mass.; President, 17. SIGMA—Harvard T h o m a s A. Center; Secretary, J u l i a n C. Branker, 137 Harold Street. Roxbury, Mass.

Champaign—Urbana, Illinois; 18. T A U — U n i v e r s i t y of Illinois, President, Edward Mosley; Secretary, J o h n H. M l m s , 1301 W. Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois.

19. UPSILON—University of K a n s a s , K a n s a s S t a t e T e a c h e r s College, Emporia. K a n s a s : K a n s a s S t a t e College Of Agriculture a n d Applied Science, M a n h a t t a n , K a n s a s , Lawrence, K a n s a s : P r e s i d e n t , J a m e s A. B o n d ; Secretary, Richard M. Walker, 1101 Mississippi Street, Lawrence, K a n s a s .

20 P H I — O h i o University, A t h e n s , O h i o : INACTIVE. 31 CHI—Meharry Medical College, Nashville, T e n n . ; President.

J o h n B e n s o n ; Secretary, T. M. McCottery, Meharry Medical College, N a s h v i l l e , T e n n .

33. P S I — U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a . T e m p l e University, P h i l a delDhia. Pa.; President, J. Harold Davis: Secretary, R o b e r t L. Poindexter, 2128 Christian St.. P h i l a d e l p h i a 46, Pa. 33 ALPHA ALPHA—University of C i n c i n n a t i , C i n c i n n a t i College of Pharmacv. Miami Universitv. C i n c i n n a t i , Ohio: Presid e n t , Dr. H. I. Wilson: Secr»+«rv, Saul S. Sanford, 955 W e s t E i g h t h Street, C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o .

24. ALPHA BETA—Talladega College, Talladega, Alabama; P r e s i d e n t , Oliver A. Brown, Talladega College, Talladega, Alabama; D o u g l a s F u l w o o d , Talladega College, l a l l a d e g a , Alabama.

25. ALPHA GAMMA—Brown University, Providence, R h o d e I s land, INACTIVE. 26. ALPHA DELTA—University of S o u t h e r n California, Los Angeles, Calif.; President, J a m e s A. R o b i n s o n , Jr.; S e c r e tary, W m . N. Jones, 816% E. 29th St., Los Angeles, Calif.

27. ALPHA EPSILON—University of California, Berkeley, California; President, Harold R. Jones; Secretary, Henry T. S .

J o h n s o n , Jr., 1340 E i g h t h Street, Oakland, California.

28. ALPHA ZETA—West Virginia S t a t e College, I n s t i t u t e , W e s t Virginia; President, Edward L. Wilson; Secretary, R i c h a r d E. Fields, W e s t Virginia S t a t e College, I n s t i t u t e , West Virginia.

29. ALPHA ETA—St. Louis, Mo.; P r e s i d e n t , J o h n D . B u c k n e r ; Secretary, Calvin M. Price, Jr., 4336 Page Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 30. ALPHA THETA—University of Iowa, I o w a City, Iowa; P r e s i d e n t , George S. Meadors; Secretary, Clifton S . J o n e s , 15 E. P r e n t i s s Street, I o w a City, Iowa.

31. ALPHA IOTA—University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; President. Howard J e n k i n s , Jr., Secretary, J o h n Waller, 2606 Gilpin Street, Denver, Colorado.

32. ALPHA KAPPA—Springfield College, A m h e r s t College, A m herst, Mass., Springfield, Mass.; INACTIVE. 33. ALPHA M U — N o r t h w e s t e r n University, E v a n s t o n , Illinois; President, Charles Warren; Secretary, W i l l i a m C. P y a n t , 1930 B r o w n A v e , E v a n s t o n , Illinois.

34. ALPHA N U — I o w a S t a t e College. Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa; President, Virgil D i x o n ; Secretary, Charles P. Howard, 515 Mulberry Street, Des Moines, Iowa.

35. ALPHA X I — U n i v e r s i t y of W a s h i n g t o n , Seattle, W a s h i n g t o n ; President, Bernard E. Squires; Secretary, Karl L. H o l l fleld, 1406 19th Ave., Seattle, W a s h .

36. ALPHA O M I C R O N — J o h n s o n C. S m i t h University, C h a r l o t t e , N. C ; President, Hale B. T h o m p s o n , Jr.; Secretary, J o h n P .

S t i n s o n , J o h n s o n C. S m i t h University, Charlotte, N. C. 37. ALPHA PI—Louisville M u n i c i p a l College, Louisville, Ky.; President, Andrew W. Morton; Secretary, J o s e p h F. Lalne, Jr., 1623 W. C h e s t n u t St., Louisville, K e n t u c k y .

38. ALPHA RHO—Morehouse College, A t l a n t a , Ga.; P r e s i d e n t , W m . S. Gandy; Secretary, Charles C. Walker, Morehouse College, Atlauta, G a .

39. ALPHA SIGMA—Wiley College, Marshall, Texas; P r e s i d e n t , J o h n L. Williams. Wiley College, Marshall, Texas; Secretary, J o s e p h Griffin, Wiley College, Talladega, Alabama.

40. ALPHA T A U — U n i v e r s i t y of Akron, Ohio; P r e s i d e n t , R a y m o n d R. Brown; Secretary, Herbert R. Bracken, 285 W e l l i n g t o n Ave.. Akron, O h i o .

4 1 . ALPHA UPSILON—City College, Detroit, M i c h i g a n ; President, G u s Ogletree, 607 Division Street, Detroit, Michigan; S e c retary. Noah B. Turner, 3384 E. Fort. Detroit, M i c h i g a n .

42. ALPHA PHI—Clark University, A t l a n t a , Ga.; President, E p h r a i m A. Grier; Secretary, C. V. Holland, Clark University.

43. ALPHA CHI—Fisk University, Nashville, T e n n e s s e e ; President," E l m o A. Adams, Fisk University, Nashville, T e n n e s s e e , Secretary, J o h n A. H u d s o n , Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee.

44. ALPHA P S I — L i n c o l n University, Jefferson City, Mo.; P r e s i d e n t , Louis K. Harris: Secretary, T h o m a s C. Brakeen, Jr., L i n c o l n University, Jefferson City, Mo. 45. BETA ALPHA—Morgan College, Baltimore, Md.; President, William Cain: Secretary, Harry A. Cole, Morgan College.

B a l t i m o r e , Md. 46. BETA BETA—University of Nebraska, Creighton University, M u n i c i p a l University, Lincoln, Nebraska; President. W i l l i a m Harrison: Secretary, G a i n e s T. Bradford, 1952 T. Street, L i n c o l n . Nebraska.

47. BETA GAMMA—Virginia S t a t e College. Ettrick, Va.: P r e s i dent, Atireliou" E. K l n e : Secretary, Roy F. K n i g h t , Virginia S t a t e College. Ettrick, Va. ( T u r n To Page 32)

THE S P H I N X OFFICIAL ORGAN OF ALPHA

VOLUME 31

PHI ALPHA

FRATERNITY.

INC.

NUMBER 2

MAY. 1945

THE STAFF

IN THIS ISSUE— COVER OUR

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF R E I D E. J A C K S O N , S o u t h e r n versity, Scotlandville, La. ASSISTANT

Uni-

EDITORS

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J.

EDITORS

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EDITORIAL

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Street,

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__35

EDUCATION _ . __ __ ._

A STATEMENT CONCERNING N E G R O E S IN T H E S O U T H

36 37

C O M M E N C E M E N T — AN I N V E N T O R Y

By R o b e r t T. C u r t i s A F O S T W A R VIEW O P D O M E S T I C

By Isobel C h i s h o l m G r a y

__

TOMORROW

,

38

SERVICE 39

GRADUATE

INSTRUCTION

FOR

By R o g e r P . M c C u t c h e o n AND I M P L I C A T I O N S

40 OF

THE

S C H O O L S F O R N E G R O E S I N ATLANTA,

By B a s . O. J o h n s o n

SURVEY

AND

PUBLIC

GEORGIA ,

A R E S U M E O F T H E E N G I N E E R I N G , S C I E N C E AND M E N T WAR T R A I N I N G P R O G R A M I N ALABAMA

By T . W. J o n e s HITS

OF

4^

MANAGE.„

MISSES

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A FORGE FOR FREEDOM SPHINX-SIDE CHAT T H E S P H I N X IN T H E L I B R A R Y SYMBOL O F SOULS

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F R O M T H E UNEASY C H A I R O F T H E S O U T H E R N V I C E - P R E S I D E N T F R A T E R N I T Y FUN SPORTS CHAPTER ECHOES

5U 52

~~ 59

Washington,

C. WILSON

WINTERS,

ren Arcade, Harristown,

CONTRIBUTING

28

Cur

Pa.

EDITORS

S I D N E Y A . J O N E S , 180 W . i n g t o n , C h i c a g o , 111.

Wash-

C L A R E N C E H . M I L L S , SR., W i l b e r force U n i v e r s i t y , W i l b e r f o r c e , O. J.

._

E D U C A T I O N AND T H E W O R L D O P

By W i l l i a m H e a r d K i l p a t r i c k

SUMMARY G E O R G E W . G O R E , J R . , A . & I. State College, Nashville, Tenn.

34

OPINION

A BASIC P H I L O S O P H Y O P

By W i l l i a m H. M a r t i n

R O B E R T C U S T I S , 771 S t . N i c h o l a s A v e n u e , N e w Y o r k , N . Y.

FEATURE

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P R E S I D E N T SAYS

SAUNDERS REDDING, Hampton Institute, H a m p t o n , Va.

P u b l i s h e d F e b r u a r y , M a y , O c t o b e r , a n d D e c e m b e r by A l p h a P h i A l p h a F r a t e r n i t y I n c . , a t t h e N a t i o n a l B a p t i s t P u b l i s h i n g B o a r d , 523 2 n d A v e n u e N., N a s h v i l l e 3 ' Tennessee. M a n u s c r i p t s solicited b u t m u s t be accompanied by s t a m p e d self-' a d d r e s s e d e n v e l o p e t o i n s u r e r e t u r n . A d d r e s s all c o m m u n i c a t i o n s t o Editorial Office. Box 95, S o u t h e r n U n i v e r s i t y , S c o t l a n d v i l l e . L o u i s i a n a .

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T H E S P H I N X

May, 1945

OUR PRESIDENT SAYS

DH. RAYFOHD W. LOGAN General President

T O ALL

BROTHERS,

GREETINGS: Since the Convention, I have had the privilege of meeting with Mu, Sigma, Beta Rho, Beta Sigma, Beta Tau, Beta Phi, Mu Lambda, Nu Lambda, Xi Lambda, Sigma Lambda, Phi Lambda, Alpha Kappa Lambda, Alpha Upsilon Lambda, and Beta Omicron Lambda chapters. Everywhere, there is evidence of high spirit, serious endeavor, and plans for the next Convention.

By the time this is published, 1 shall be in San Francisco. I hope to visit all the chapters on the West Coast and to stop by and visit others on my return East.

While in Chicago, I talked with a large number of brothers about plans for the Convention. We can be assured that if the Office of Defense Transportation permits us to hold the Convention, Chicago will surpass the high standard that it set at the special convention in 1934.

During my trip to New Orleans, I talked with Brother Dr. Reid E. Jackson about his plans for the SPHINX. You already have evidence of the innovations that will

make the SPHINX an even better journal than it has been in the past.

The announcement that the problem of the dependent areas will be on the agenda at San Francisco comes as particularly welcome news to those who have followed Alpha's activities in connection with the peace settlement.

We were the first, early in 1942, to begin to focus the attention of Negroes upon postwar problems.

1 wrote frequent communications to the late President Roosevelt and to the State Department urging that the subject be included in the peace settlement.

In 1942, we brought out a pamphlet, THE OPERATION OF THE MANDATE SYSTEM IN AFRICA, WITH AN INTRODUCTION ON THE PROBLEM OF THE MANDATES IN THE POST-WAR WORLD, in order to call attention to this vitally important problem.

We do not take, by any means, all the credit for the final result.

But we played our part, a not insignificant part.

During the past few months, I have addressed audiences at the University of Wisconsin, Shaw university, Saint Augustine's college, Pine Manor junior college (Wellesley, Massachusetts), The Ford Hall Forum (Boston), Canton, Toledo, Cleveland, New Orleans, Providence, and Minneapolis, with the particular purpose of arousing interest in the problems of the dependent areas. I attended the conference on colonial problems in New York, called by Brother Dr. DuBois, and served on the committee on resolutions that drafted the statement to be submitted to San Francisco.

I have sent, with the compliments of the fraternity, a copy of THE OPERATION OF THE MANDATE SYSTEM to the editor of each leading daily and weekly newspaper in the nation and also to each senator.

We shall try to maintain Alpha's leadership in focusing attention on postwar problems. When our brothers and other members of the armed forces return, they will know that we have not been unmindful of our obligations to them.

Sincerely and fraternally, RAYFORD W. LOGAN, General President

My Trip To San Francisco Brothers in Alpha Phi Alpha: I arrived in San Francisco on April 23, aboard the special correspondent's train to report the conference for the PITTSBURGH COURIER. We registered at the Palace Hotel, where President Harding died, and stayed there until my departure from San Francisco, on May 21.

I had a talk with Brother Vice-President Terry in San Francisco and later went to Los Angeles, where I met with the brothers of that area, spoke at a public meeting sponsored by the chapters, and attended an excellent banquet. I also met the brothers of the Berkeley area (Brother Charles Warren's church) in a program, likewise, sponsored by the brothers. In both areas, I found a keen interest in the growth of the fraternity and a desire on the part of many brothers to attend the convention in Chicago It was indeed a pleasure to renew acquaintance with brothers whom I had met at the time of the special convention in Los Angeles, in 1936, and to meet many new brothers. All gave evidence not only of benefiting from the great boom on the West Coast but also of investing wisely for the future. As is to be expected, Alpha brothers hold many positions of responsibility in every worthwhile activity. I have purposely refrained from mentioning any of them; for, if I named one, I should have to name all.

At the moment, it would be futile for me to attempt to give here a detailed summary of my activities in San Francisco. Most of you, perhaps, have read about them in the PITTSBURGH COURIER. I hope to give an "off-record" report to as many chapters as possible, during the course of the year. I shall merely say that, in my humble judgment, the conference is a tragic joke. We have already begun to plan to try to salvage something from the blind determination of the statesmen.

I shall deliver an address in Cincinnati, on June 17, under the auspices of Alpha Alpha chapter and shall have the renewed pleasure of meeting with the brothers there. On June 23, I shall attend the banquet in Philadelphia given by Psi chapter. On June 10, I delivered an address in Washington, sponsored by Mu Lambda and Beta chapters.

On June 6, I sent the following telegram to President Truman that is selfexplanatory.

COPY June 6, 1945.

President Harry S. Truman, The White House, Washington, D. C. I have just returned from San Francisco where I became aware of the extent to which the rest of the world is scrutinizing the right of the United States to assume leadership in world affairs. Your forthright statement in support of a permanent Fair Employment Practices law will therefore not only gladden the hearts of the minorities and all the other friends of true democracy in the United States but will (Turn to page 39)

May, 1945

THE

SPHINX

Page 35

EDITORIAL OPINION At The Crossroads T h e time has most surely come w h e n all Negroes—whether concerned directly with t h e profession of education or not —should reach some u n a n i m i t y as to t h e direction which they would like to see the education of t h e Negro in America take. It might not be too sanguine even to hope that a united opinion, on t h e p a r t of t h e Negro, could effect materially t h e future course of this education.

Undoubtedly, Negroes generally speak about t h e same desiderata for t h e education of their youth; but, w h e n they begin to probe deeply into the fundamental basis upon which they would project this seemingly similar p r o g r a m of education, sharp and divergent differences of opinion immediately arise.

Testimony to this was afforded at t h e recent educational conference in Jackson, Mississippi, w h e r e leading Negro educators from the southern states w e r e assembled to "study a n d set forth conditions u n d e r which educational opportunities can be equalized within t h e various southern states."

For most of t h a t one-day meeting, this hand-picked group of Negro leaders disagreed almost violently on more t h a n one basic issue. Fortunately, though, after considerable discussion, they finally arrived at a unified position on each of these issues. What is probably m o r e important, is that, u n d e r exigency of time and t h r o u g h exercise of critical intelligence, they did come to a common agreement.

P a r t i c u l a r l y arresting to t h e attention should be the c r u x of the s t a t e m e n t released by t h e conference to t h e press. In unequivocal language, the conference declared that it "does not endorse t h e principles of d u a l school systems; however, realizing that, until such a time as this policy in t h e affected states is changed, those responsible for public education should effect all the i m p r o v e m e n t s possible within t h e existing pattern."

Continuing, in the same vein, t h e conference "emphasized that dual schools a r e more expensive t h a n integrated schools a n d t h a t the states which continue to use dual systems must expect to supply t h e funds to b r i n g about actual equality of opportunity for all people and not operate the schools at the expense of t h e minority."

Implicit in t h e above declaration is a restive feeling a m o n g Negroes t h a t too long now h a v e they waited for the majority group to sense the real meaning of t h e democratic state, in its obligation to all population elements, and, therefore, Negroes, themselves, must not only serve notice t h a t they a r e well a w a r e of their civil rights b u t also they a r e determining to implement necessary action to gain w h a t is due them—education and all else!

Over the span of years, t h e history of the development of education for t h e N e gro has been t h e history of t h e development of certain philanthropic agencies, combined w i t h the herculean efforts of one or few enterprising Negroes, (soon called leaders) and t h e oftentimes niggardly beneficence of state appropriations.

Now w e a r e a t the crossroads—not alone (Turn to page 45)

F. D. R. Negroes will truly miss the voice of F. D. R.—no matter what their station of life. There is no need here for a eulogy, as too many persons already nave recounted the accomplishments and precedent-setting actions 01 FranKlin D. Roosevelt, while President, to make it necessary for us to reiterate this now. But, we do want to say a word about F. D. R. and the Negro. h v e n though many Negroes chafed at the failure or delay oi the late president to m a k e clearcut pronouncements on the policies of segregation and discrimination in the southern states, yet none could gainsay the fact that he performed many fundamental acts, directed towards elimination of undemocratic practices against the Negro that were, in themselves, unmistakable utterances decrying jimcrowism. In fact, F. D. R. was the friend of the common man— white and black alike. That is why Negroes will miss him!

When it comes to Harry S. Truman, Negroes will suspend their judgment until after he has had ample opportunity to prove his worth. At least, he deserves that much of a chance. On the other hand, we wish to make it perfectly clear, immediately, that it is our conviction that the Negro no longer intends to be content with a "second-class" citizenship.

Consequently, he will gauge the caliber of Truman's statesmanship, by the degree to which the new president evidences a concern for the betterment of the status of minority and oppressed peoples, whoever and wherever they may be.

The SPHINX, speaking for at least one segment of Negro life, laments the demise of Franklin D. Roosevelt—a man whose deeds should grow bigger with posterity—and, at the same time, expresses hope that his successor, Harry S. Truman, will not only husband but extend the gains which the Negro has made under F. D. R. and the "New Deal." We, not so much as Negroes, but more so as American citizens, can expect no less!

ABOLISH THE GREEKS? A H o w a r d university student, Ernestine J. K e m p , writing recently in t h e NOR-.

F O L K JOURNAL, & GUIDE, says that college fraternities and sororities must go. "They h a v e outlived their usefulness," she claims.

Miss K e m p lists t h r e e main reasons for eliminating these c a m p u s organizations: (1) they a r e powerful political machines; (2) they promote t h e biggest social affairs; and (3) they instill conceit, narrowmindedness, and d o w n r i g h t snobbishness."

This young lady has a perfect right to be "agin" fraternities and sororities, as h a v e m a n y before a n d in h e r time. It seems to be the fashion, at least once a year (usually in the spring), for a crop of " a g i n n e r s ' to spring forth and assert themselves.

We wonder just w h a t Miss K e m p believes will be accomplished by disDanding these organizations? Will we thereby erase "political machines?" Will w e thereby reduce the size of campus social affairs? Will we root out "conceit, n a r r o w mindedness, and downright snobbishness?"

T h e little H o w a r d U. lady m a y not know it now, but she will as she grows older, t h a t the a n s w e r in each case is "No!" These traits a n d habits a r e h u m a n frailties of ours and they w e r e w i t h us long before t h e r e w e r e any Sigmas, Deltas, Omegas, Alphas, Kappas, AKA's, Rho's or Zetas.

Dispense w i t h these, and w e wager our bottom dollar that within a forthnight, t h e r e will spring u p other organizations —the Sentinels, t h e Marauders, t h e Mohawks, t h e Vagabonds—with t h e same traits, the same habits, t h e same m e m bers, a n d t h e same intentions.

A R M I S T E A D S. P R I D E .

NEGRO PERIODICALS A few years ago, a Negro in search of news, in critical and pictorial form, over and above w h a t h e got in his weekly newspapers, was limited to t h e "Crisis" and "Opportunity."

Today, t h e situation has changed considerably a n d t h e r e is an increasing variety of Negro magazines a n d periodical m a t t e r coming from the presses of t h e land.

F o r m o n t h l y n e w s summaries, t h e r e is the Time-styled, year-old "Headlines a n d P i c t u r e s " published at Chicago. T h e r e is, also, for m o r e specialized audiences, t h e (Turn to page 58) s

Education For World Citizenship While w e a r e in accord with t h e idea that education, in the future, must be geared so as to foster world understanding, we, at the same time, e n t e r t a i n the conviction t h a t a searching analysis m u s t be t u r n e d upon t h e n a t u r e a n d scope of t h e educational process, as it develops around us. In this issue, t h e a n n u a l educational number, a series of papers doing just such a r e presented, w i t h t h e hope t h a t they will p r o v o k e further s t u d y of t h e problems which they treat.

Page 36

THE

SPHINX

May, 1945

A BASIC PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION ODAY, education in A m e r i c a is fraught with confusion.

Evidence of this confusion can be found in the writings of many contemporary scholars.

Moreover, it is well to add that both layman and educator are aware of the dilemma in which present-day education finds itself. Out of the controversies being waged, it is heartening to note that allegiance is given by most educators to the democratic ideal as a means of achieving the Good Life. Because America finds It hard to implement its professed beliefs where the Negro is concerned, it is found that his participation often runs counter to the democratic ideal.

In spite of this dilemma, the Negro is vocal about his rights and insists that he knows what he wants. So striking is this fact that a whole volume came from the press recently which provided a detailed treatment of this point, i It is, therefore, in the spirit of the desire of the Negro to be accorded firstclass citizenship that this paper essays to state a basic philosophy, which is believed to be appropriate as a basis for projecting an educational program for Negro children and youth.

T

Significant Democratic Values Since a philosophy of education should reflect the finest ideals of the social order out of which it emerges, a discussion, at the outset, of the basic democratic values seems warranted. America was born out of an unquenchable desire on the part of men to be free. So, for over three centuries, the very heart of the democratic concept has been bound up inextricably in the term "freedom."

Democracy, therefore, was interpreted early—and remains so interpreled by many persons today—to mean "do as you please."

To interpret democracy in this fashion was only natural, for the previous experiences of the early settlers had been such as to make freedom a prize possession— indeed, a most desirable ideal toward which to strive. Conditions which greeted these colonists made the early realization of this ideal possible. A spirit of individualism developed and at least three significant factors contributed largely to promoting this spirit. There were no cramping traditions, which had been transmitted from past generations; the frontier provided unlimited opportunities for developments along all lines of 'endeavor; and interdependence had not developed to any appreciable degree.

This situation, to be sure, had a strong influence upon the thinking of the 2pioneers. In Democracy in Transition this influence is discussed in the following manner: lRayford W. Logan (Editor) QBO WANTS, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Press, 1 9 4 4 .

WHAT Till-: MOThe limcr-sity of

2A group of Social Scientists in t h e - Ohio S t a t e University, Democracy In Transition, New York.

D. Appleton Century Company, 1 9 3 7 . p. 6.

By WILLIAM H. MARTIN

DR. WILLIAM HENRY MARTIN, dean.

Dunbar junior college. Little Rock, Arkansas, recently achieved the Ph. D. degree at the Ohio State university, after study upon a General Education Board Scholarship. His undergraduate work was pursued at Wilberforce university.

A frequent contributor to educational journals. Dr. Martin, was formerly dean at Texas college.

Married and the father of a small daughter, Dr. Martin is a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. . . . the American mind has been strongly influenced by the spirit of the pioneer.

America was hammered out on the anvil of self-reliance, the spirit of high and sometimes reckless adventure, a kind of rough libertarianism, a boastful, bumptious, leveling spirit, an impatience with restraint, a disregard and contempt for obstacles, a willingness to take chances, a speculative psychology, an uncritical and optimistic equalitarianism—these are some of the qualities, good and bad, which the "coon-skin individualism" of the frontier contributed to American character. One finds them expressed in all the social and political movements-of the nineteenth century.

Many laws today which guarantee the rights of the individual are traceable to the spirit of individualism. The conflict between those who believe in free enterprise and those who see collectivism as inevitable is typical of the controversy waged by those who would revert to the good "ole days" on the one hand and those who see a need for a reinterpretation of individualism on the other.

Human happiness is the goal of all human association. Individualism, with its accompanying lack of restraint, provided the stimulus for great advances in various areas of American life, but it must be reinterpreted in the light of changing conditions. The closing of the frontier and the rise of an industrial civilization made this fact apparent.

The status of the home changed gradually.

Accompanying this change, a spirit of interdependence developed.

The influence of the closing of the frontier was significant and far-reaching. The individual no longer could be viewed as capable of operating in his own circumstances toward individual ends. Man was challenged to plan, to contrive means of gaining greater control over his environment. The Good Life had to be interpreted as that which promotes the optimal development of u m d m d u a l . without interfering with the development of other individuals.

In short, democracy had to be interpreted in terms of a reciprocal relationship which exists between the individual and the group.

The great ethical conception of equality—the equivalent moral worth of all men—likewise has been one of the hallmarks of American democracy Unfortunately. the doctrine of equality has been hard for Americans to translate into operation.

Even today many Americans do not believe in the equality of men. Such practices as discriminating against Jewish people, and separating Negroes on public carriers in the South, are a few examples of this tendency.

Rhetorically, at least, the concepts of freedom and equality have undergone reinterpretation.

Those who recognize that men must cooperate in solving problems of common concern are exhibiting a profound seriousness about making this reinterpreted position implicit in daily living. Freedom, therefore, should imply that increasing opportunities must be accorded individuals to cooperate in furthering interests and purposes which they share. Man therefore, becomes free in proportion as he is able to practice self-restraint. Equality, moreover, in the twentieth century necessarily must mean equal opportunltY Th° S h a r e i n d e m o c l "atic processes.

This shift in interpretation of basic democratic values makes democracy more than a form of government. It becomes a "way of life." The writer believes that democracy should be viewed as a plan of social living in which people are accorded the opportunity to discover, clarify, and put into operation the values to which they give allegiance.

The position expressed in the preceding paragraph implies that men must gain competency in living together, because they must, of necessity, depend upon each other.

Moreover, all m e n must exhibit a genuine and deepening interest in the common good. Implied in addition, is the obligation of individuals to utilize the method of intellig e n c e (Turn to Page 40)

May, 1945

THE S P H I N X

Page 37

EDUCATION AND THE WORLD OF TOMORROW1

I

T is because I am interested in you and your work and in what it can and should mean that I accepted the invitation to address you this evening.

There are many of your problems that I can help but little. My work is with education, primarily with teachers.

Teachers reach the schools and possibly also, in some measure, the community.

Through the schools—if they are good— the teachers reach primarily the young but also their parents and the people of the community. In the long run, then, teachers and schools can raise the life of the community; and all the schools, if they work together, can raise all the nation. These things explain my topic.

"Education and the World of Tomorrow."

The world we live in is now much disturbed. We now have the war; next we have to settle the peace. The future is uncertain. Things may get better; they may get worse. The actual future will be mixed, partly good, partly bad.

My opinion is that things are in time going to get much better, better than they have ever been. The youngest who hear me will live to see the clear beginning of a better day.

My work. I say, is with education; and a proper education works always at two points at one and the same time: one— the short-term view—to help people live better under present conditions; the other—the long-term view—to help change conditions, to help change those conditions that keep life from being good.

These conditions that hold life back are all intermingled with other conditions that help it go forward. Thess conditions, where man-made, both helpful and hurtful, we call "the culture."

This we must turn aside to study for a few minutes.

The culture consists of the ways man has saved over from the past to help with living.

As man has found new and better ways of thinking and doing, he has saved them and added them to the culture. The culture mainly consists of language, customs, tools, institutions, knowledge, ideals, standards.

These differ from country to country, from section to section, and indeed from family to family.

What does the culture do?

What good is it? We live the culture, and it helps us live better than without it we could. In fact, without any culture at all we would be kind of higher beast, more thoughtful than an ape, unable to talk, with nothing practically to teach our children. Take culture away, most of us would starve. We live the culture, and we teach it to our young.

And this molds them to our pattern, to our family model. This is why Americans differ from Chinese, and British from French.

This is why poor and ignorant and immoral parents anywhere in the world tend to have poor, ignorant, l A n address delivered as the Second annual F u ture Teachers of America Club Lecture, an organization of students in tile Division of Education, a t Southern university. March 5 . 1 9 4 5 .

BY

WILLIAM HEARD

KILPATRICK

DR. WILLIAM HEARD KILPATRICK, professor-emeritus of education, Teachers college, Columbia university, is associated with practically all of the outstanding honorary and professional societies in the field of education. Along with John Dewey, Dr. Kilpatrick has long been recognized as one of the country's preeminent philosophers of education. Now retired from teaching, Dr. Kilpatrick is active on the board of directors of the Bureau of Intercultural Education. and immoral children.

The culture molds the young to its model. The culture teaches more powerfully than the school, more powerfully than the church; for school and church are parts of the culture. This is why the country church is different from the city church, why the country culture is different from the city culture.

Because we live the culture, it is hard to change. This is what keeps alive superstitions and the like. People live them and teach them to their children.

Some will change them when they learn belter. Some won't learn better because they are living the old and don't want to change it. Some people believe Friday or 13 brings bad luck. We have in the English language the worst spelling in the world. We ought to change it. but we are not willing. Some people profit by bad customs; so they don't want those customs changed. But for the sake of those who are come after us, if not for ourselves, we must change the old inadequate culture patterns. If people live badly, if they have prejudices, if they behave badly, the culture

is mainly to blame. We must improve it.

How can we change the culture? There are two answers: we do change it but often unconsciously; we can change by critical thinking. We change it unconsciously by doing more than we mean.

People accepted moving pictures and radio, without thinking about the changes they would bring with them. We can change the culture by critical thinking, certainly in many small ways, sometimes in larger ways. We can spread better ways already known: better ways of farming, better ways of medicine and health, better ways of cooking, better ways of homemaking, better ways of rearing children. In the long run—and this is the hope for the future—in the long run critical thinking wins out.

Critical thinking would change things quicker if there were not so many things to change. We get caught in a jam.

Critical thinking is then our hope to effect desirable changes. We must learn better how to use it and to get more people to use it. Then we can hope better to get rid of prejudices and diehard reactionaries. Critical thinking is where better education comes in.

Let us turn now to education and csk about it. First, what about learning?

What is it? How does it take place?

Learning is closer to living than most people think. In fact, if we are acting thoughtfully and meaningfully, it is because we are learning and acting accordingly. I taste my soup and learn that it lacks salt: then I put salt in it. I acted thoughtfully because I had learned The learning is a necessary part of intelligent behavior.

Suppose John and Tom are talking.

When John speaks. Tom must learn what John says; else he cannot reply pertinently. Also John must learn what John says; otherwise, what he says the second time in answer to Tom may not fit what he said the first time. Learning is necessary to conversation.

Without inherent learning, no conversation could go on. So with any instance of conscious living; learning must precede each next step. It sums up what has happened and lets that guide what else is to happen.

Learning then is going on all the time we know what we are doing. Learning is living that stays with us to guide what else is to happen. We saw this with the soup and the salt: we saw i* with talking.

It holds now as I talk to you. Learning takes place primarily to carry on the present living, as we saw with salting the soup and with talking. It may stay on and be useful later It usually does so stay on for later times, but it nearly always comes about in life to take care of the present experience.

We learn what we live, and we learn it as we accent it to live by. You are, perhaps, now learning what I say, learning what I say as you take it, as you accept it; learning also to follow it or to reject it, to believe it, or to disbelieve it, as you do or do not accept it to live by. You also learn it in the de(Turn to Page 49)

Page '38

THE

SPHINX

May, 1945

COMMENCEMENT-AN INVENTORY! T h e c o m m e n c e m e n t season this y e a r is a significant occasion . . . Why? First, because the struggle for a better w o r l d is now only p a r t i a l victory. T h e battlefield contests continue more concentrated and furious. We still face p r o b l e m s of m a x i m u m w a r production, transportation and transitory u n e m p l o y m e n t at home.

Yet, t h e r e a r e m a n y hopeful signs of progress in t h e solution of domestic and international problems.

Second, we witness at San Francisco, a world gathering, t h e first of its k i n d to meet in this country, to set up an effective world-security organization machinery, w h i l e w e still contend for total military victory. E v e n in this arena of int e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, difficulties rise to plague t h e goal of e n d u r i n g peace.

Third, e v e r y w h e r e t h e r e a r e discussions of p r o g r a m s for lasting peace and w o r l d - w i d e economic and social changes.

E v e r y o n e w o n d e r s w h a t to r e t a i n from t h e old order and w h a t to incorporate from t h e new doctrines for present functioning. T h e old forces of reaction a r e still on the march! T h e forces of progress, too, m a r c h t r i u m p h a n t l y . Which group will finally t r i u m p h is a question for the future. However, this is a time for those w h o function as molders of the minds and characters, of the oncoming generations, to take stock.

T h e major goal of establishing a better world order is a m e a s u r i n g rod for graduates, teachers and school administrators. They m a y use this yardstick to d e t e r m i n e t h e effectiveness of their final achievements. This is a time of the year w h e n each group can review its activities, by questioning itself in t e r m s of nearness to or distance from accomplishing this major aim. Each participant in the educational process may a n s w e r certain basic questions for himself. Adeq u a t e replies to these questions might lead each to a r e b i r t h a n d subsequent reformulation of his t h i n k i n g in t e r m s of achieving t h e m a i n goal, in t h e light of changed conditions. For example, each may ask t h e following fundamental questions, r e g a r d i n g his own efforts to h e l p in t h e building of a b e t t e r w o r l d order: (1) w h a t specific objectives h a v e I accomplished to help build a b e t t e r world?

(2) w h a t methods, techniques, a n d d e vices h a v e I utilized effectively?

(3) w h a t results h a v e I accomplished?

(4) h a v e I formi-laisd 3 working philosophy of lift?

(5) a m I constantly reconstructing my philosophy of life in t h e light of n e w experiences?

It m a t t e r s little t h e detailed answers one gives to each of these questions. T h e i m p o r t a n t thing is to use these queries as criteria, now, so t h a t future activities connected with developing adults or youth may be better organized to meet t h e onrushing challenge of w o r k i n g t o w a r d a better economic a n d social order.

In like m a n n e r , g r a d u a t e s of 1945 m a y reconsider their past achievements. They could pose such questions as: (1) will I actually p a r t i c i p a t e in t h e solution of problems, or will I be a m e r e spectator as others less wellequipped c a r r y i n g on t h e battle?

(2) will I m a k e constructive contributions to the adjustment of difficul-

By ROBERT T. CUSTIS

ROBERT T. CUSTIS, assistant editor of the SPHINX, is personnel interviewer in the New York City department of welfare and senior interviewer, U. S. E. S. of the War manpower commission.

Before this, he taught at Fessenden academy, Florida, Virginia state college, and Lincoln university, Missouri. A graduate of Amherst college, Brother Custis received the M. S. degree in education at the College of the City of New York, and has just about completed work for the doctor of social science degree from the New school for Social research. ties, or will I criticise adversely for the m e r e sake of criticism?

(3) will I provide m e a n s for accomplishing purposes?

(4) will I help m e a s u r e achievements in t e r m s of goals, o r will I overlook t h e proper basis for measuring achievement?

T h e positive or negative a n s w e r m a d e to these questions by graduates is an ind e x to teachers, of t h e degree in which they h a v e guided their students to evalu a t e n e w experiences.

This is the t i m e w h e n teachers, too, may look back over t h e road which they h a v e traversed with their neophytes and inquire: (1) h a v e I formulated an objective for m y teaching, or h a v e I blindly followed a pre-established objective?

(2) do I establish daily a distinct purpose, or do 1 allow the daily aims to a r r i v e haphazardly.

(3) do I adjust methods to goals, or do I use t h e same method irrespective of the end in view?

(4) do I plan devices and illustrate the point, or do I choose m y devices as I go along? â&#x20AC;˘

(5) do I h a v e t h e individual student's interest at heart, or am I merely concerned with his acquisition of information?

(6) do I encourage the development of students, or do I fail to recognize their abilities?

(7) do I a t t e m p t to u n d e r s t a n d p r o b lems from the student angle, or do I attack problems irrespective of the student's needs?

These are a few of the questions which teachers may ask themselves to clarify their own thinking. T h e answers will help t h e m to visualize b e t t e r the p a r t they have played in the building of a newsocial order, through the institution of which they a r e a part.

The various administrators of the institutions may pause at this time and ask: (1) are w e executing t h e main purpose of this institution, or a r e we merely maintaining buildings?

(2) do we encourage t h e faculty to introduce new thinking to t h e students, or a r e w e afraid of introducing new thoughts?

(3) do w e encourage t h e faculty to review continuously t h e curriculum in the light of changing conditions, or do we ignore the need for changing the curriculum?

(4) do we stimulate development of u p to-date library facilities, or a r e we content with existing library materials?

(5) do we i n t e r p r e t budgetary r e q u i r e ments liberally, or do we insist up° " sticking to t h e letter of the (6) do we stimulate teacher-growth or suppress it?

(7) do w e set conditions favorable to student development through w o r t h w h i l e e x t r a - c u r r i c u l a r activities, o r do we advocate t h e forms of activity which h i n d e r student growth?

(8) do we i n t e r p r e t t h e plans of the institution in the community, or do w e let t h e institution be present without interpretation?

(9) do w e initiate a long-range development p r o g r a m for t h e institution or do w e accept unquestioned a pre-planned program?

School administrators, teachers and graduates, these a r e a few of t h e questions which you might ask yourselves at this time. Your a n s w e r s will d e t e r m i n e how effectively you engage in t h e task of building a new world order. s

Sphinx Can No Longer Go To Gobs T h e United States Post Office officials have just announced t h a t they will not accept any longer n e w s p a p e r and periodical publications for mailing to personnel of t h e Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, w h o m a y be located overseas, except w h e n "being sent in fulfill. ment of w r i t t e n requests INITIALED BY THE A D D R E S S E E S for subscriptions or renewals of subscriptions. This order has come, at t h e request of t h e Navy Departm e n t and m e a n s that t h e S P H I N X can no longer be forwarded to brothers i n these branches of t h e service, unless by w r i t . ten request.

May, 1945

THE

SPHINX

Page 39

A POST-WAR VIEW OF DOMESTIC SERVICE ATIONWIDE, the servant problem" is of deep concern and yet one of the most neglected phases in postwar employment planning.

Because "home-making" is the very core of American civilization, it should be looked upon as a skill, a trade, or a profession.

A well-managed home, especially in our mechanical age, requires a skill and efficiency that most, often necessitates the hiring of an additional person or persons with administrative and technical ability.

Housekeeping may be considered a drudgery; or, it may be made an art. And, to raise it to the level of artistry, concentration at the point of training is mandatory.

In the South, particularly, domestic service work is a definite factor bearing upon the socio-economic status of the Negro, since the ranks of this phase of employment are filled almost entirely by Negro women. Any such factor, bearing on the entire mode of life, must be studied continually and the implications of wartime conditions considered and dealt with, in light of postwar opportunities for our race as a whole.

Statistics shows that a vast majority of Negro women are still employed in personal or domestic service. This pertinent fact points out vividly our one great need â&#x20AC;&#x201D;education, for greater efficiency and skill in all aspects of livelihood.

Great hope exists as, today, Negro women are awakening to the need for training and organization, and white women are coming to realize the importance of skill and control which can prevail through a workers' education project or program.

In the post-war era, when countless numbers will be thrown out of work, many of our Negro women will be forced to go back into domestic work, which many of them left for war jobs; but, with a difference in attitude toward this type of work, embodied in a concern about wages, hours, working conditions, and a resentment for the attachment of any social stigma.

Already one of the most frequentlyasked questions today is "What about servants after the war." Comes the answer, "Household servants are gone forever," according to a recent article in a national magazine. However, the general answer would probably be "That is not the picture in my city"; or "That is not true of the South." Some might even answer "That is not true of any city." The truer answer would be "Servants are gone forever, but domestic service workers are here to stay."

One must be practical and forwardlooking about this "servant problem." This involves being ever-cognizant of working conditions, in relation to all fields of employment. The stigma of servitude can be removed and more security and prestige given domestic work. Both employer and employee have a responsibility here. The "job" must be put on the basis of a business proposition rather than of "madam" or "mistress" to servant, thereby raising the status to that of a trade or profession.

Present conditions require clear-cut consideration of working standards on the part of those hired and those who hire.

Better working conditions, higher wages. shorter hours, greater independence, and

N

By ISOBEL CHISHOLM GRAY

MRS. ISOBEL CHISHOLM GRAY, executive secretary, Canal Street Branch, Y. W. C. A., New Orleans, Louisiana, has previously been Y. W. C. A., activities secretary at Columbus, Ohio and Kansas City, Missouri. A native of Philadelphia, Mrs. Gray has studied at Howard university, Atlanta school of social work, Oberlin college, and the University of Pennsylvania. Currently, Mrs. Gray is engaged in a campaign to build a new Y. W. C. A. for Negro girls in New Orleans. a better understanding must be fostered and provided for those willing to remain in the field of household employment, so as to attract additional women workers into this area. The employee, then, should recognize her own responsibilities and be willing to show loyalty, to take suggestions, to develop a personal pride and feeling of worth, to develop a tolerance, and to have a desire for further and continued training.

On the other hand, the employer has a responsibility, too. In recognizing and understanding the rights and needs of the worker, the employer might provide better living conditions, shorter hours, higher wages, greater security, and the opportunity for the worker to take further training, thereby encouraging interest and initiative on the part of the worker. A new factor, of equivalent concern, is the innovation of competition in the field, both from the standpoint of the worker and the commercialization of work, because of new mechanisms that have invaded the home.

The trend now is toward specialized domestic services, on an organized basis.

For example, in one city there is a housecleaning outfit, specializing in jobs such as washing windows, cleaning woodwork and waxing floors, that brings its own equipment to do the job. Other trends

point to unions, the establishment of social security, workmen's compensation, employment insurance, and retirement benefits for household workers. Already, in some cities, unions of domestic workers are operating successfully.

Through both training schools and unions, a selective and intensive program could be initiated to educate employers, as well as employees, so that they can cope better with the problem of competition presented by commercialized domestic services, and to interpret rights and benefits for workers provided by social security and workmen's compensation.

In our educational system, a place must be made for practical training schools to teach efficiency and skills; to develop proper attitudes on the part of workers; to benefit employers by making available skilled workers; and to provide an opportunity for employers to gain insight into work problems, assisting them to determine the best job standards. Women in the home would benefit also from training institutes in the art of housekeeping, which could easily eventuate in an interest in homemaking that would raise the standards of living of communities, in general.

Negro organizations and institutions, nationally and locally, have a responsibility to this bulk of labor supply. They must not fail to meet this challenge to provide facilities, equipment, and instruction that will ultimately result in status, satisfaction, competency, security, freedom. and a better family life that lifts the total scheme of living. Housework cannot be abolished, but it can be dignified through training. s

My Trip To San Francisco (From page 34) help to make American moral leadership commensurate with her economic and political power.

RAYFORD W. LOGAN, General President, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.

I regret very much that because of my absence in San Francisco, I was unable to attend the Regional Conference in Atlanta. Brother Belford V. Lawson, Jr., our general counsel, has given me an excellent report of the Conference.

According to all reports that I receive directly and through our general secretary, Brother Joseph H. B. Evans, we are continuing to move forward and to maintain our leadership in national and international affairs.

Plans are progressing for a meeting in July of the committees I appointed in Atlantic City, under the chairmanship of Brother Bindley C. Cyrus, to present a report on proposals for an executive secretary.

Losses continue among our Brothers in the armed forces. Again I refrain from mentioning any, for it is impossible to call the roll of all who have distinguished themselves. I hope that by this time all chapters are able to give an effective interpretation of "Symbol of Souls."

Fraternally yours, RAYFORD W. LOGAN, General President.

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May, 1945

A STATEMENT CONCERNING GRADUATE INSTRUCTION FOR NEGROES IN THE SOUTH Consequently, faith must be placed in The Conference of Deans of Southern Graduate Schools has from time to time, at its annual meetings, given consideration to the problems of providing adequate facilities in the graduate instruction of Negroes. Our group is aware that the problems have been made more acute by the Gaines decision. It has seemed to us that our Conference should do what it can to help work out solutions which will be as academically sound as possible. We do not want to see any makeshift or subterfuge programs put into effect.

We realize that the South has all too little money to spend for higher education. We do not want to see any of this money wasted in unsatisfactory programs, which may be improvised in an effort to offer a cheap or immediate solution.

It has seemed to our executive committee that a series of regional conferences will prove to be of real help. One of these might be held at Atlanta, another at Nashville, a third at Durham. To these conferences should be invited the leaders in graduate education from the region.

Members of the state departments of education, the graduate deans from the region, and the representatives of the Negro colleges and universities should certainly be included. The governors of the several states should be informed of our plans and should be invited to send their representatives or to come in person. It is probable that we should include also representatives from the Negro press and from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

At each conference, which should include the leaders from both races, the regional problems might be talked about fully and frankly. Our Conference of Deans does not at present have very much information about the resources now available in the South for graduate study

by Negroes. It will be helpful to us to find out what institutions are adequately equipped for any program of graduate study. We have not, in the past, been an accrediting body. It is, perhaps, one of the weaknesses of American graduate education that except for the Association of American Universitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and this only in a limited degree, there is no way at present of distinguishing between the weak and the strong graduate school, so far as any national or regional accreditation goes.

Some years ago, our Southern Graduate Deans set up standards for the Master's degree, and we have a committee at work now drawing up a similar set of standards for the Ph. D. degree. Although, at present, we have no machinery by which to enforce the standards we have approved, our organization has indirectly exerted a good deal of influence. It is likely that we shall move toward some plan of accreditation within the near future. This progress may become more rapid as we study more closely the problem of providing adequate graduate instruction for Negroes.

In addition to giving attention to the present facilities available, we hope that out of these proposed conferences may come some program which we can agree on. Just what solutions will be proposed it is difficult to predict and they will probably vary in different regions, but we hope to get a better understanding of the whole problem of graduate education.

By ROGER P. McCUTCHEON EDITOR'S NOTE: At a time when the issue of graduate instruction for the Negro in the South is being focused more clearly than heretofore, any statement coming From a representative group of white educators is both revealing and interesting. This statement was written at the request of the editor.

DR. ROGER PHILIP McCUTCHEON dean of graduate school, Tulane university, is secretary of the Conference of Deans of Southern Graduate Schools.

Dean McCutcheon attended West Virginia university, Wake Forest, and Harvard, where he was awarded the Ph. D. degree.

He has taught at Minnesota, Wake Forest, Dennison college, Duke, and North Carolina. Dr. McCutcheon is a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

Perhaps, in each region, some continuing committee may be set up to carry out some of the suggestions which may be made. Frank and honest study of our joint problems should lead to some improvements, as well as a more complete mutual understanding. That is our hope in undertaking these conferences. s

A Basic Philosophy (From Page 36) in attacking and finding solutions to problems which face them as they engage in associated living; to share common interests and purposes; and to recognize the uniqueness of the individual.

Individuals in a democracy cannot reasonably expect to develop a social order which is any better than the one which they exert themselves to create.

the ascendency of the common man as a pivotal point for assisting in discovering and clarifying the values which are held as significant.

This viewpoint runs counter to the wishes of the social engineers who have pushed stout claims as to soundness of blue-printing the social order. It seems feasible, therefore, to engage cooperatively in a continuous reinterpretation of democratic ideals, in terms of new and emerging needs. In the process, man must constantly respond to the challenge of novel situations, and contrive to discover courses of action which will eventuate in consequences which contribute to the refinement of life and living.

The Democratic Personality Up to this point, significant democratic values have been discussed in terms of their relationship to present-day living in America. Next, it seems apropos to inquire into the nature of the democratic personality. This will be done by attempting to break the democratic personality down into characteristics.

It is true that personality is not the summation of a number of isolated chararteristics. Rather it is a whole which, in a measure, loses its identity when viewed in terms of a number of isolated characteristics. In short, personality development is not an additive process; personality is composed of characteristics which are interrelated. Consequently, individual personality is regarded as a synthesis from which the overlapping criteria have been derived, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.

1. Does the individual possess the ability and willingness to utilize reflective thinking in facing and seeking solutions to life problems? It is quite unfortunate that so many people take for granted that they know what thinking is. Some are so sure of its meaning that they never ask themselves the question: When is the individual engaged in thinking? Because of the prevalence of so many would-be thinkers and an even larger number of gullible hearers and readers, those who are serious about making democracy implicit in daily living have sufficient reason for concern.

Daily, men are beseiged with solutions to their everyday problems, blueprints for a brighter, happier and more prosperous tomorrow. The unthinking person accepts these solutions at face value, adding them to his list of answers to social, economic, and political questions. For this type of individual, democracy is obviously a system of social living in which the individual depends upon others to discover and clarify the values to which he gives allegiance.

This uncritical followership runs counter to the responsibility which democracy places upon the individual.

Thinking is not blind acceptance of ideas and beliefs, but involves the collection of information to support the acceptance or rejection of a course of ac(Turn to Page 42)

May, 1945

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SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE SURVEY OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA N J u l y , 1944, a public a n n o u n c e m e n t was m a d e of a proposed bond issue of $6,000,000 for postwar improvement of public schools in Atlanta, Georgia. Of this amount $1,605,000, or 26.7 per cent, was allocated for i m p r o v e m e n t s to Negro schools. Immediately, certain individuals became interested in knowing w h e t h e r or not this sum and the m a n n e r of its allocation w e r e best suited to the needs of Negroes. Their interest was due, mainly, to a suspicion that the allocations w e r e to be m a d e without adequate and objective planning—a criticism previously leveled against the Atlanta public school system in the E n g l e h a r d t i r e p o r t of 1922 and again in the Reed- report of 1938.

I

Subsequent increases in t h e proposed bond issue from $6,000,000 to $7,000,000. due to certain community pressure increased the a l a r m of the "doubting Thomases." After some discussion of t h e significance of this proposed bond issue for the future development of education in Atlanta and, particularly, its relationship to the achievement ot equality of educational opportunities for all citizens of Atlanta, t h e Atlanta u r b a n league decided that an objective basis for d e t e r m i n i n g the adequacy of t h e provisions for Negroes was needed.

It was agreed that t h e first step would be a study of existing conditions in Negro public schools. However, the League and others w h o w e r e interested in t h e study had no illusions about the m a g n i t u d e of t h e task of m a k i n g a s u r v e y of t h e public school facilities and needs of over 100,000 Negro citizens, in a city of over 300,000. Not only was a great a m o u n t of w o r k involved, but the p r o b lems of securing personnel in t h e face of college and university s u m m e r sessions, m a n p o w e r shortage, limited budgets, planned vacations, and mid-summ e r heat had to be considered. But the study was greatly needed, and it was needed immediaely.

After some consideration of the urgency of the matter, a committee of t h r e e persons, w i t h the writer as chairman, agreed to m a k e the study. Later, the committee was increased to five, then seven, nine, and finally thirteen. After w o r k i n g for a p p r o x i m a t e l y four months, this committee completed the study, which w a s published subsequently by the Atlanta u r b a n league. T h e report, presented to representatives of city-wide organizations for study and action, r e ceived widespread circulation and p u b licity throughout the city.

Organization of t h e Citizens Committee On Public Education It was soon recognized that an organization was needed which would promote public discussion and study of the findings, and formulate plans designed to i m p l e m e n t removal of the gross differentials based upon race, which were revealed by the study.

Consequently, lstmyer, George T>. and N. L. Englehardt.

Report of the Survey of the Public School System of Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta. Georgia. 1942.

2Reed, Thomas H. The Government of Atlanta and Fulton County, Georgia, AUanta Georgia, 1938.

By RAS O. JOHNSON

DR. R A S O. JOHNSON, head, division of education and psychology, Morris Brown college, and member of the faculty. school of education, Atlanta university, received the Ed. D. degree at Columbia university.

Previous study has been done at Tennessee state college, University of Iowa, Fisk university, and University of Chicago.

Dr. Johnson is secretary for the southern region of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity. representatives of fifty-five social, civic, religious, labor, and educational organizations in the city of Atlanta met and formed themselves into the Citizens Committee on Public Education.

T h e Committee included in its first formulation of purpose and plan: (1) general enlightenment of the citizens of Atlanta r e g a r d i n g educational facilities through publications, speeches, movies; (2) creation of public opinion supporting improved schools—especially Negro schools; (3) registration and qualification of Negro voters; and (4) raising funds to finance an immediate and a long-range program. To facilitate effective functioning of t h e organization, a steering committee, a finance committee, and a speakers b u r e a u w e r e set up.

Plan of the Study T h e study was prosecuted in t h r e e major sections: (1) the general picture of public school population, facilities, and opportunities for Negroes in Atlanta; (2) facts concerning public school facilities and educational opportunities in those special areas w h e r e Negro population is concentrated, with case studies of individual schools; and (3) basic principles for determining educational needs, with statement of needs and recommendations.

S u m m a r y of Findings In 1940, Atlanta had a total population of 302,124 of which 104,535, or 34.6 p e r cent, w e r e Negroes a n d 197,589, o r 65.4

p e r cent, w e r e whites. Thus, one out of every t h r e e persons in Atlanta is a Negro. Of the 70,849 Atlanta children of school age, 26,528, or 37.4 per cent, a r e Negroes and 44,456, or 626.6 p e r cent, are whites. Yet of the 65 public school buildings in Atlanta only 13, or 20 p e r cent, a r e for Negroes while 52, or 80 p e r cent, a r e for whites. F u r t h e r analysis of the figures reveals t h e r e is one school for every 855 w h i t e pupils against one for every 2,040 Negro pupils; or, in terms of investment in school land and buildings, A t l a n t a invested $6.00 for w h i t e children for e v e r y $1.00 invested for Negro children. T h e per pupil expendit u r e for education in 1941-42 was $37.80 for Negro pupils and $108.70 for w h i t e pupils and, in 1943-44, it was $42.52 for Negro pupils and $120.02 for w h i t e pupils.

Atlanta, with t h e largest Negro school population, r a n k s lowest in n u m b e r of schools per 1,000 Negro school population among five southern cities, including Houston, Jacksonville, Nashville, and Dallas. In order for Atlanta to provide facilities for its Negro school children, on the same basis as it now provides for its w h i t e children, at least 390 m o r e classrooms, and 353 m o r e teachers a r e needed.

Because there is not room enough in Negro schools, it is necessary for t h e children to "double u p " and for the teachers to instruct two "shifts" of students.

In 1941, for instance, 155 Negro teachers filled 275 teaching positions and 120 of the teachers w e r e employed for double sessions. However, n o n e of t h e 612 teachers in t h e white e l e m e n t a r y schools had double sessions. U n d e r t h e double session system, too, the Negro child receives only 3V6 hours of schooling daily—instead of the 6 h o u r s r e ceived by w h i t e students. T h e Negro pupil thus loses at least 2,700 class-hours d u r i n g the first six years of his elementary school education. In other words, he gets about half of the classhours of instruction to which he is entitled.

In spite of the double session system.

Negro elementary classes are overcrowded. T h e teachers h a v e an average of approximately 40 pupils in each class compared with approximately 30 pupils in white classes—in 1941-42 the averages were 39.9 and 29.1 for Negroes and whites respectively; and, in 1943-44, the a v e r ages w e r e 42.0 and 32.1. T h e teacherpupil ratios, for the same two periods, were 70.9 to 1 and 29.1 to 1 and 65.6 to 1 and 31.9 to 1 for Negroes and whites respectively.

In 1942, Negro j u n i o r and senior high schools had an average of 1.4 books per pupil compared with 6.5 for whites.

While t h e r e is a k i n d e r g a r t e n in each of the e l e m e n t a r y schools for whites, not a single k i n d e r g a r t e n is provided for Negroes. E v e r y w h i t e school in Atlanta has a clerk, but no Negro element a r y school has one. T h e only provision m a d e for Vocational t r a i n i n g for Negro boys is a few ill-equipped shops (Turn to P a g e 56)

Page 42

THE

A Basic Philosophy (From P a g e 40) tion. It involves a process of deliberation and suspended judgment pending the a c c u m u l a t i o n of evidence to support or reject a belief. In short, thinking involves t u r n i n g a l t e r n a t e possibilities of action over and over; subjecting each possibility to t h e most p e n e t r a t i n g scrutiny, a n d foreseeing w h a t consequences will come as a result of the decision m a d e .

2. Does the individual possess social sensitivity?

In a general way, social sensitivity m a y be described as an a w a r e n e s s of, and responsiveness to, social and h u m a n p h e n o m e n a . 3 As generally interpreted, emotional factors— such as feeling of s y m p a t h y or aversion. attitudes of approval or disapproval— h a v e been emphasized in studying this quality of t h e individual.-* An individual would seem to possess social sensitivity w h e n he exhibits concern regarding social problems, issues, and events; w h e n he respects people, although their beliefs, attitudes, and values differ from his; and, w h e n upon discerning a p r o b lem, h e irresistibly wishes to do something about it. F u r t h e r m o r e , this quality is b r o u g h t to t h e fore w h e n t h e individual exhibits a profound interest in providing conditions which m a k e life a n d living in t h e democratic c o m m u n i t y more wholesome.

3. Does t h e individual seek to resolve conflicts by a consideration of all the values involved? Obviously, this quality is not m u t u a l l y exclusive; it bears directly on t h e thought process. Yet, valuing cannot be regarded as a substitute for thought, although it is a process of continuing reconstruction.

Thus, as the democratic personality contrives to find solution to a social, political or economic problem, h e must give consideration to all the important values involved.

It h a r d l y suffices to a r r i v e at a solution to a problem by selecting t h e right value and rejecting the w r o n g one, or to act in t e r m s of some absolute v a l u e - p a t t e r n which may h a v e outlived its usefulness.

On this point. Mead asserted that: Values generally involve conflict b e t w e e n hypotheses. When w e h a v e two or m o r e courses of action, valuing comes into play. We m a y be able to get both values bv r e - a r r a n g ing our conduct. We see how far one value can be b r o u g h t into harmonious relations with the other it conflicts with.r> In this sense, valuing cannot be regarded as a substitute for thought. We do subject our values to close scrutiny in the t h i n k i n g process.

4. Does t h e individual exhibit the ability and willinqness to act cooperatively in solving problems of common concern?

Democratic living flourishes exactly to the degree that the individuals a r e able to act in a cooperative m a n n e r while solving problems of common concern.

8KMa

Taba, 'Socio]

SmritiT'tv."

Progn

Kc• "rati,,,, , w , . Evaluation In the Eight-Year Study, Bulletin Wo. 6, [ iiM.-isity „t OWcMO, 1 ..•<•,•,,,b.-r!

4Elieene R. Smith & Ralph w. Tyler. Apprals<! and Recording Student Progress, New York Earpera & Brothers. 1»42. p. i n s .

SPHINX

Basic to this characteristic is implicit faith in t h e efficacy of a r r i v i n g at decisions on broad social policies and courses of action, as a result of t h e pooled wisdom of all concerned. This characteristic calls for voluntary participation in group enterprises, in t e r m s of individual interest and aptitude—always bearing in mind that the individual should continue his interest in the common good.

5. Does the individual possess the zeal to live creatively? Living creatively is not h e r e interpreted to signify a characteristic found in t h e artist, the poet, the journalist, or persons generally r e garded as possessing some creative talent.

Creativity bears a close relationship to valuing and thinking. When an individual lives e x p e r i m e n t a l l y and uses the scientific method, as a means of arriving at standards and values, this individual may be regarded as possessing creativity.

It is intimately related to being open-minded. When the creative individual is faced with a situation, he seeks immediately to u n d e r s t a n d its m e a n i n g and contrive ways of responding to t h e situation.

6. Does the individual seek to become increasingly more self-directive?

The quality of being self-directive delineates sharply the difference in the type of individual we should expect to find in a democratic social order and t h e individual peculiar to the a u t h o r i t a r i a n state.

In t h e latter, h u m a n happiness is viewed in t e r m s of t h e e x t e n t to which the individual s u r r e n d e r s his individuality to the state. In a democracy, the individual m u s t assume responsibility increasingly for a r r i v i n g at a place of selfrealization and self-discovery, so t h a t h e m a y be able to guide his own actions and individual development. This quality is an essential medium through which the individual becomes free.

It implies that t h e individual will use his capacity, in such a w a y as to promote his optional development.

T h e preceding analysis points out some of the qualities of the democratic personality. These qualities should not be viewed as being isolated from each other.

They must be viewed as interrelated and mutually dependent p a r t s of a whole.

Learning Process It is immediately a p p a r e n t that allegiance h e r e is given to the philosophy of experimentalism.

In doing so, one incurs the obligation of relating the concept of learning to t h e basic philosophic position taken. This obligation forces one to b r e a k w i t h earlier concepts of learning, as set forth b y those who believe in such doctrines as the H e r b a r t i a n theory of ideas or the T h o r n dikian belief in learning as an analytic process, involved in building up S-R bonds.

T h e individual is viewed h e r e as a dynamic, goal-seeking organism. As such t h e "most characteristic thing about life is behavior, activity."" In the process, t h e organism is constantly seeking to eliminate a state of disequilibrium, and reach a hypothetical state which R a u p has described as "complacency."?

The individual, therefore, is constantly con5F« a detailed exposition of ti,is point refer to,

George II. Mend, The Philosophy of tho Act, Uni, ,,i Chicago Tress, 103S. pp, 460-65.

May, 1945 triving ways of satisfying his urges, wants, interests, and concerns.

These have been characterized as needs which must be m e t for t h e sake of m e n t a l health.

Specifically, an individual learns as a result of h a v i n g his equilibr i u m upset. When faced b y such a state, the process is furthered through the learner's effort to resolve problematic situations. In such situations, the individual marshalls meanings acquired from past experiences which a r e set forth as proposed courses of action for subsequent situations.

Learning, therefore, in the first instance, is a m a t t e r of synthesis. Instead of the piecemeal acquisition of informa tion, the individual responds to a prob lem in terms of the totality of the situation. In sum, t h e individual learns by wholes, rather than in a piece-meal fashion. Learning, then, is a m a t t e r of accumulating insights which involve a total reconstruction of t h e behavior of the individual.

Learning is the emergent product of a process of continuous reconstruction.

In the course of experience, meanings acquired in one experience a r e constantly in a process of reconstruction as t h e individual acquires n e w experiences. ' Learning, moreover, is empirical; it is a result of living. In a changing world. t h e individual's learning must be viewed as continuous.

The individual must adapt his behavior in the light of n e w insights and meanings.

This concept of learning and the learning process has far-reaching significance for education. It breaks w i t h t h e notion that the organism is passive, awaiting to be stimulated. T h e contribution of t h e basic sciences in conjunction with experiments that h a v e been m a d e in t h e area of child and adolescent development attest to the fact t h a t t h e atomistic concept of learning and t h e learning process is no longer tenable.

If s u r r o u n d e d by challenging situations which stimulate him, t h e individual will react (learn) according to his needs and purposes. T h e culture plays an important p a r t in t h e process. T h e child is born in a culture and as a result of his interaction with it. acquires the language of this culture, its modes of behavior and its "directive" psychology. What the individual becomes, then. is largely an outcome of the interaction of the individual and culture.

T h e discussion of the learning process has shown that it is not a "stamping in" process, b u t a process involved in the continuous reconstruction of experiences. This position has implications for d e t e r m i n i n g the purposes of the school as well as devising means of imp l e m e n t i n g these purposes.

The Purpose of the School In the v e r y outset, it is well to state that an overarching purpose of the school is to promote the optimal development of all the boys and girls for whom it assumes responsibility. Such a purpose rejects t h e notion t h a t the school lU.ih,, L. Cliihls. Education and the Phlosophy of Experimentalism.

NOT v,„k : Century Company 1981, i, 12.

TSee, Brace Raup, Complacency, the Foundation of Human Behavior New W k : Macmillan Com i any, r.»-•",. p. 201.

(Turn to Page 49)

May, 1945

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A RESUME OF THE ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT WAR TRAINING PROGRAM IN ALABAMA S a general rule, the Southern Negroes' share of the benefits of Governmental largess is extremely small. Particularly does this apply to residents of the "deep South"!

We are conscious therefore, of a feeling of deep satisfaction and gratitude as we review the history of the Negro Division of the Engineering, Science and Management War Training program in Alabama.

We have a sense of satisfaction because it has been our privilege to extend collegiate educational opportunities to some 2,000 serious-minded Negro high school graduates.

We are grateful to the individuals whose forward-thinking made the program possible. Too much credit can not be given to President F. D. Patterson of Tuskegee Institute, sponsor of the idea, and to Dean I. A. Derbigny and Mr. William C. Curtis, also of Tuskegee, who gave their able assistance in the formulation of the plans.

Credit must also be given to Alabama Negroes, who, desirous of shouldering their share of the war effort and impatient with red-tape, bombarded official Washington with letters and telegrams requesting consideration. Their efforts had much to do with the subsequent favorable attitude of the powers-that-be.

To date the Negro Division of ESMWT in Alabama has sponsored some 60-odd courses, taught by 36 Negro instructors, at a cost of over $74,000.

As is generally known, ESMWT began life as ESMDT—Engineering, Science and Management Defense Training. The program was authorized on July 1, 1941, at the first session of the 77th Congress.

It was designed to operate under the Federal Security Agency.

The objectives of the program, as outlined by the legislators, were to provide short courses of college level, designed to alleviate the shortage of Engineers, Chemists, Physicists and Production Supervisors in fields essential to the National Defense Effort.

ESMDT wcs not designed as a general college program, but was directed toward specific activities. At the same time, the program was not intended to interfere seriously with the regular curricula of 1he institutions ottering the short courses, since persons fully trained in such curricula continued to be needed in large numbers.

On April 18. 1942. the ESMDT program was placed under the newly-created War Manpower Commission. At the same time, indicative of the change in National mood, the name of the program was changed to ESMWT—Engineering, Science and Management War Training.

Howard university was the first Negro college to participate in the national ESMDT program. Later. Prairie View college of Texas and A. and T. college of North Carolina joined in the activities.

Penetration of the program for Ne-

A

By T. W. JONES State Coordinator ESMWT for Negroes in Alabama groes into the "deep South" did not occur until 1942, when Alabama and Georgia began operations at almost the same time.

In March, 1942, a conference held by officials of Tuskegee institute, The Alabama polytechnic institute and the University of Alabama, resulted in the establishment of a Negro Division of ESMWT, jointly sponsored by the two white institutions. It was further decided that Tuskegee institute should foster the actual establishment of courses throughout the state—through the office of the Negro Coordinator.

There has been considerable discussion over the advisability of a separate program. It will be remembered, however, that the racial prejudices and customs of the South were not built up overnight.

The difficulties of the FEPC in the South should prove, to thinking individuals, that one can not—even with Federal aid —wipe out intolerance with one broad sweep. Rather, the process must be gradual, until members of BOTH races are sufficiently educated for a total change.

The central office of the Negro Division of Alabama's ESMWT is at Tuskegee, nineteen miles from the nearest sponsoring institution—the Alabama polytechnic institute. The attitude of the Insitutional representatives of this school and the University of Alabama has been one of complete fairness and willingness to cooperate. In no case has any attempt been made to curtail our activities.

The hourly salary rate which we have been able to offer qualified Negro instructors throughout the state is exactly the same as the rate paid to white ESMWT instructors. This rate, almost $6.00 per hour, has enabled the program to obtain the best Negro instructors available.

During the 60 courses given so far. we have used but one white instructor— much to the surprise of the sponsoring institutions. They had supposed that we would be unable to secure qualified Negroes. That such Negro personnel was and is available, is a tribute to the preparedness of the Southern Negro college professor.

As has been indicated elsewhere in this article, the purpose of the program is to shunt qualified manpower into essential industries. We realized before the program got under way that one of our chief difficulties would be the attitude of Southern Industry toward skilled and technically trained Negro personnel.

Our experiences in our contacts with officials of these industries have been many and varied. Some few were cooperative—all of them were exceptionally polite! In a number of instances, we found that this display of courtesy had been erected as a barrier, and that the real objective was to steer the conversa-

tion into a discussion about the Negroes' past progress—not his integration into the existing set-up.

Frequently, the objectives of the program were used as a buffer. At least two large Alabama industries claimed that they employed no Negroes whose training included a high school education.

It has been possible to offset this official attitude in some instances by discreet inquiries among the men, themselves and, then, later holding additional conferences with the training or labor officials. We know that the problem is NOT solved but at the same time we are aware that we have fostered serious consideration of the Negro as a potential technical worker.

Early in the program we organized a course in Foremanship and Supervision for company-selected personnel of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company of Birmingham. We secured the approval of the Birmingham Electric Battery Company and the Slossfield Iron Company to organize courses in industrial electricity for some of their employees.

The Anniston Ordnance Depot put its stamp of approval upon a course in Office Management for its Negro storekeepers, clerks, and material men. The Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company formally requested a course in shipbuilding engineering for its Negro shipfitters.

Such instances do not indicate complete capitulation, but they ARE encouraging.

Had it been possible for our program to provide vocational training, as well as courses of college level, we could have filled an even greater need. Unfortunately, we were and are circumscribed by program limitations—and even though there is no adequately functioning vocational program for Negroes in Alabama, we can do nothing for this large group of people who are not high school graduates, but who so urgently need training.

Tuskegee can and is training a few from these masses, but these people need a program that will bring practical education down into their midst.

In the fall of 1942. I urged that the Civil Service Commission recognize ESMWT training as a means of fulfilling its prerequisites. As a result, we have been able to offer courses in engineering drawjng, fundamentals of radio, technical mathematics, general physics and industrial chemistry as special training for Negroes who desired Civil Service positions.

The Civil Service Commission asked for the entire personnel of our first unit in Engineering Drawing at Tuskegee. A number of the graduates of our subsequent drawing courses are now employed in the drafting rooms of the Tuskegee Army Air school. A worthwhile number of graduating trainees from our other courses have been placed in Civil Service positions.

The Central ESMWT office in Wash(Turn to Page 54)

Page 44

THE

SPHINX

-M**

May, 1945

• * * * •

U-EDIUARD

COTTOK

-*w*

• ^ ^

Greetings Brothers: E start out under a new staff and we hope that the few things that we say in these columns of the SPHINX will, to some extent, relieve our minds of some of the tension and great strain that we have been under for the past four years.

True enough, a lot of water has passed under the bridge, or, shall I say, a lot of blood has also passed under the bridge.

And when I think of the bleak Christmas that so many of our men spsnt, due to the surprise counter attack of the enemy during the holiday season, it makes it all the more true about the blood flowing under the bridge.

W

* • * There won't be much that I can talk about in this issue since my material had to be in before the Convention Issue came off the press. I will have to miss Brother O. Wilson Winter's most enjoyable hints and information in his Fraternity Fun Column. Also I will have to miss the comments concerning the Chrismas convention, about which I am sure there will be quite a lot of say so.

* * * It really burns me up when I keep reading a lot of mess about Wilberforce university.

To my way of thinking, President Wesley doesn't deserve to have all the unnecessary unfavorable publicity that the school gets from the hands of some who want to further their journalistic prowess, by reporting some of the things that they do.

A much more careful evaluation of what is news should be used. And speaking in this vein, I always have to take off my hat to Brother Lewis O. Swingler, a newspaperman if there ever was one. Let's flood Wilberforce with students and show that the unfavorable publicity was good after all! Ohio has a mighty fine postwar program for all of her state-supported schools, of which Wilberforce is one.

* * * And speaking of state programs for state-supported schools, it was quite amusing the other day to read about the State Board of Mississippi, in its meeting at the capitol city of Jackson. Among the things the board had to take up was the selection of a president for its state-controlled Alcorn college for Negroes. You will remember that a little over a year ago, Brother William Bell, an outstanding graduate of Ohio State university was asked to resign from its presidency, because he insisted on teaching the students something other than a

J. EDWARD COTTON set vocational course, as prescribed by the white "colonels" of Mississippi, and attempting to raise the standards of the school.

So, after almost two years, the other day when the board selected its new president, the board paid their respect to Ex-president Bell by stating what a fine person he was, with pleasing personality, but leaned too far, in the conduct of the school towards the "arts and sciences."

The new president who took his office, past July 1, will certainly begin under a handicap. His course is already laid down for him. He goes to Alcorn college from the faculty of Southern university of Scotlandville, Louisiana.

* * * And while I am on the subject of Mississippi, let's note some of the unusual things that have been going on in that state. I wonder what Mr. Bilbo thought when he looked up and found several inter-racial groups holding their meetings right in the heart of Jackson, Mississippi's biggest town? First, there were the farmers, disturbed about their cotton crop and evident shortage of manual labor. They met in Jackson's biggest hotel and discussed the matter.

Then there was the State USO Volunteer meeting, both races meeting togethei and serving on the same committees. It was quite a pill for some of the bourbon Southerners to swallow, but from reports it went off in grand style.

And then there was a group of Negroes, seeking to foster better education in the South, for the postwar period, that met recently in Jackson.

Ordinarily, such

meetings are not held by Negroes in the State of Mississippi. If so, it was done almost in secrecy. And for the State USO meet that was much better than was done in the state of Louisiana, in which I am now a USO worker.

Probably, you have read about the incident and some of its repercussions.

So, you see there are some good things that are happening in old Mississippi.

And the good things are due to such tireless workers as my very good friends, Rev. Nolan and Dr. Hair (who by the way are "Pole Cats" gone wrong); Editor Perry Greene of the Jackson Advocate; USO Director Edwards and Russell; Undertaker Brother H. C. Latham, and Miss Thelma Harvey of Travelers Aid, who have all played a big part in bringing about better relationship between the races. Keep up the good work!

* * *

These few ramblings will have to come to a close because I have just about used up all the space alloted to me. But I want to say something about a story that has been told to me and part with which I am personally familiar. After listening to the story all I can see is to give the story a title, one that I think fits the case properly; i. e., "The Man Who Wants to be White."

It is about a Negro who has come from very ordinary circumstances in a very small town down South and after having lived in a Northern clime, for a short length of time, suddenly finds himself back in the South. Now, he sees nothing, but that ALL white folks want to lynch a Negro, and that all Negroes in the South are "d-n fools." They have lost sight on their own flesh and blood and beam with pride when they can sit in conference with "Mr. Charlie" and bemoan themselves each as the great "I am."

It is a sorrying situation for those of us who were born in the South—which was no fault of ours—when such a person who has been exposed for a few moments to the northern chills, feels that those whom he left behind in the South have nothing whatever to offer. He does not seem to realize that since he has had the great opportunity, that his first concern would be to help his less fortunate brother. There is where our efforts should be put forth the most. Had more of our Southern individuals who had the chance to better their educational and economic condition returned and worked with their less fortunate brothers, (Turn to Page 54)

May, 1945

THE WILLIAM AND MARY INCIDENT LREADY, the general public seems to have forgotten the case involving Marilyn Kaemmerle, 22-year old editor of the "Flat Hat," student weekly for the College of William and Mary, who aroused the ire of the august Board of Visitors and President John E. Pomfret when she rather audaciously wrote that "the time would come when Negroes should attend William and Mary, join the same clubs, be our roommates, pin the same classmates and marry among us."

A

While it is significant to know that there are young white students who, evel th e DR. JACKSON \ t* 1 0 1 1 ^ t l are being educated in the very shadow of racial intolerance, still have the fortitude to look at this matter of race relations with a straight eye, it is perhaps more significant to note that Miss Kaemmerle was almost by herself in her avowal for the rights of Negroes—at least publicly so!

I say this because the resolution introduced by Harvey Chappcll of Clarksville, Tennessee, condemned "infringmenf of the doctrine of freedom of the press" and ignored altogether the question of future relationships between white and Negro students. Should we hasten on to add, also, that after the revolting (?) students had chosen suspension of publication rather than to submit to faculty censorship, these same students suddenly retracted their stand and accepted the administrative fiat of censorship.

What can we adduce from all these facts? In the first place, it does not appear yet that our colleges and universities, which parade as the capstone of the educative process for our youth, are seizing the opportunity to become laboratories for the development and demonstration of a democratic pattern of living for all Americans.

It is not too much, either, to expect our American institutions of higher learning to foster such activity, particularly when one takes cognizance of the respected insistence that the higher levels of the educational scheme in America, should create a socially-sensitive, critically-intelligent individual, tolerant of the rights of others! We can be justified, then, in any inquiry into the extent to which we nurture such a person, in our educational order.

Too often, now, have I heard my students, as well as some few white students, complain that they wind themselves up in an endless chain of discussion meetings, which carry very little positive influence and action over into the fabric of the everyday society in which we and they live.

THE

SPHINX

Page 45

A FORCE FOR FREEDOM

By REID E. JACKSON These Negro students, too, can't forget that these meetings usually are held on the Negro college campus, where a whole student body stands by to receive a corporal's guard of white students; and, that the Negro students hardly ever go to the white college campus, under the same circumstances! Yet, in many communities, white and Negro colleges exist side by side, fairly teeming with opportunities for genuine inter-race education.

The formula for dissipating these stereotyped views of race—possessed both by whites and Negroes—is so simple, yet hardly ever applied—You must actually engage in shared activities with a person before you can really know and judge him. Such a situation is not to be had in the artificiality of a typical interracial forum or brief excursions into the habitat of the other group.

What seems to stand in the way of the continued nurturing of wholesome racial relationship, in a context of integrated life, is that perennial question of attitudes. First of all, attitudes have been builded in white youth, as early as possible, that the Negro is inferior, childlike. criminally-inclined, and so on. The Negro, in turn, is taught that the white man—all white men—are prejudiced, mean, and overbearing, insofar as Negroes are concerned.

Such opinionated attitudes can not be erased by one reading of a scientific pamphlet or a few, isolated contacts with capable Negroes. No, it is not as easy as that!

This explains why Miss Kaemmerle's editorial occasioned little or no support from her peers. Even though they were in the process of being educated, they had already been "educated" thoroughly with respect to these "attitudes." Then, too, it might be possible that those few of the students who inwardly might have accepted Miss Kaemmerle's view would not dare to make show against a prevailing public attitude. All in all, then it appears to be a devilish whirlpool of contradistinctions. Why? Here, we talk about our salvation, for resolving racial attrition, as being afforded in education. Yet, that very process— education—is solidifying attitudes which defy accomplishment of mitigated attitudes and tolerant conception of democratic commingling, between all peoples, in everyday living.

How can we emerge from this quandry? Substitute other procedures for education?

And still, on all sides, we are cautioned about the educative process. A honestlyfrank white cleric tells an assembly of Negro college students that white people will not volitionally provide full and complete educational opportunities for the Negro, because they fear the competition which trained Negroes might offer them, as a result of education. And, the more the whites think about it, the more they resent the idea because it gives them a sense of impending insecurity.

A little later, this same point of view is documented by a widely-known psychologist and college teacher who admits that education of the white man, as to the true status and possibilities of the

typical Negro, is tending to increase the white man's prejudices rather than to diminish them. What we would need to work on, concludes this authority, is education of the emotional processes of people, so that they can look at this problem objectively.

Truly indeed, then, the William and Mary incident bares more clearly the immense problem in intercultural education which lies yet before all of us. It is a problem which warrants the participation of every educative agency, formal and informal, to the end that they become crucibles for welding diverse ethnic groups into the oneness that an essential American democracy demands.

At The Crossroads (From page 35) for the education of the Negro but for the education of all peoples.

Where shall we go? Shall we accept as inevitable and unchanging the pattern of the separate school for the Negro in the southern states or shall we exert every energy to work towards the millennium when the segregated Negro school will be abandoned as both impractical and inimical to the theory of democratic living? It should not be difficult to pose the answer!

There is no need, I take it, to remind any of us that usually the Negro separate school is inferior to the white school, in practically all aspects. This, naturally, stems from the doctrine of "white supremacy." What we are bound to do, then, is to attack the problem at its base. The American philosophy of life must be reinterpreted. Until we do this, every seeming move towards progress will further intrench the practice of separatism rather than eliminate it.

Irony in it all, perhaps, is the fact that this war, which we now think is coming to a successful conclusion, has been heralded as being fought for the "freedom of man." And, yet, we continue to give only lip-service to the preachment that "education liberates intelligence" and intelligence, in turn, "liberates freedom."

Constantly denied full opportunity of education, then, how can the Negro, or any other disadvantaged person, enjoy wholly either the fruits of intelligence or freedom? There is your answer!

At the same time, we must take care that our hastening zeal for the ultimate goal of unabridged education shall not blind us to the realities of the situation which we face. How much truth is there in the statement of those from the majority group—many whom we label as liberal—that we are rushing matters too fast? Is it true that immediate legal resort to courts will alienate our cause? Do Negroes need a different sort of education from other races of people?

Of course, we must be sure that we secure the most valid answer to any or all the questions which are advanced above; but, in the final analysis, would these negate the necessity of striving towards the integrated living, inherit in a true interpretation of the democratic ideal? Or, are we afraid of the handwriting on the wall?

R. E. J.

Page 46

T H E S P H INX

May, 1945

SPHINX-SIDE CHAT

By HARRY (White House ELL, h e r e we are again at t h e S p h i n x - S i d e for a n o t h e r chat.

Since our last chat was written— not counting t h e delay in its a p p e a r a n c e in p r i n t which was, I understand, not due to any fault of our n e w editor—a lot of w a t e r has passed over _«ggMB^, , the dam. Most imporHk tant, of course, have 1 been t h e death of P r e s B ident Roosevelt, the • succession to t h e presiI dency of H a r r y S. TruJK Wm m a n ' a n d t n e S a n F r a n " • F 1 cisco World Security ^W A Conference.

•kl% i | Let's look at these ! « & ^ H l t h r e e events in that or-

W

H g f l I dor.

I NUMBER 1 tneNothing w r i d has wiin struck such

iHmi stunning°

force as t h e M c A L P I N sudden death of F r a n k lin Delano Roosevelt.

Here was a man, though physically afflicted, who was the prop on which t h e whole world leaned. T h a t was particularly t r u e of the Negro. We had become content to let the President and Mrs. Roosevelt do o u r thinking for us. They thought up p r o g r a m s to help t h e "underdog" and we benefitted. We got into the habit of depending upon them.

Our kids, particularly in the South, got their first opportunity for vocational training in skilled occupations (welding, machine operation, metal trades, etc.) under the Roosevelt "National Youth Administration." Our farmers got their first break to pull out of the class of sharecropper and t e n a n t and become a farm owner, u n d e r the Roosevelt " F a r m Security Administration."

Our lower-income families got their chance to move out of t h e slums into Roosevelt low-cost housing projects. Our w o r k m e n felt less fear of old age and u n e m p l o y m e n t because of Roosevelt's social security p r o g r a m .

We could go on n a m i n g Roosevelt legislation which benefitted t h e "common man," and therefore the Negro. B u t while w e w e r e benefitting, w e w e r e also getting lazy. We stopped thinking for ourselves. "Roosevelt will do it" was a subconscious slogan. Now Roosevelt is gone.

T h e field for real leadership is virgin territory. It is beckoning to ambitious. inspired men. Who should be better qualified to assume such a role t h a n men of Alpha P h i Alpha? Are you doing it?

That's the challenge I see in the death of t h e world's greatest h u m a n i t a r i a n . It's a challenge Alpha men cannot ignore.

Somebody has to do some t h i n k i n g and planning for the days which lie ahead.

Which brings us to item NUMBER 2 S t u n n e d by the death of Roosevelt, the world, the nation and t h e Negro looked with suspicion on H a r r y S. T r u m a n , t h e f a r m e r and h a b e r d a s h e r from IndependMR.

Correspondent

for

McALPIN

the Atlanta Daily World

ence, Missouri. Could he and would he measure up to the responsibility thrust upon him?

Day by day, H a i r y S. T r u m a n has been giving the answer. In his first press conference, he won t h e respect of t h e White House correspondents. He was forthright, sincere, and "newsy."

As he began to remodel the administration with acceptance of resignations and appointment of n e w men, he showed a definite preference for younger men and a desire to give a wider geographic distribution to his appointments. (He has not given yet, however, any appointment of importance to a Negro, though it is reasonable to assume that his keen political sense will dictate such a move in the near future.)

Radio commentators and newspaper columnists of the more reactionary stripe filled the air and the papers with p r e dictions that T r u m a n would lean to the "right of center." Their wishful thinking was being phrased into words. They saw in him a savior from t h e liberalism of Roosevelt.

Though there had been many submerged indications to t h e contrary, in Truman's actions, t h e real a n s w e r came out w h e n he w r o t e a letter to Rep. Adolph J. Sabath, chairman of t h e House Rules Committee, concerning the Fair Employment Practice Committee. Sticking his neck way out, the President unequivocally endorsed t h e F E P C and urged i m m e diate action of the committee in granting a rule so t h e House of Representatives could h a v e an opportunity of considering and voting on t h e measure.

That m a r k e d the end of the "honeymoon" of T r u m a n with the reactionaries in Congress. Suddenly they a w o k e to t h e fact that h e r e was a m a n with the courage to w e a r his liberalism on his sleeve. He has been repudiated temporarily by Southern m e m b e r s of his own p a r t y who a r e m e m b e r s of t h e Rules Committee—aided and abetted by political chicanery on the p a r t of some of the Republican m e m b e r s of that committee.

But T r u m a n is u n d a u n t e d . In his press conference following action of the Rules Committee in casting a 6-6 tie vote on the F E P C bill, he said again that he was sincerely hopeful the Rules Committee would give the House a chance to vote on FEPC* In foreign affairs, as in domestic, he has shown an inclination to follow t h e p a t h charted by Roosevelt. Despite t h e undiplomatic errors of omission and commission on t h e part of the American delegation at San Francisco, affecting our relations with Russia, T r u m a n has steered a course toward a better and closer u n d e r s t a n d i n g and relationship with that country. T h e mission of H a r r y Hopkins to Moscow has b o r n e fruit.

Which brings us to item NUMBER 3 Our own G e n e r a l President, Bro. Rayford Logan, who attended the San F r a n cisco Conference as special correspondent for the P I T T S B U R G H COURIER,

and

NNPA)

brought back a report on the proceedings there, which he delivered to an appreciative audience u n d e r sponsorship of Mu Lambda chapter just a few days ago.

Bro. Logan is the first person (an old Alpha habit) who has had the courage to say w h a t lot of people have been t h i n k ing—that the San Francisco Conference is a tragic joke!

He stunned his audience to which he was making t h e report, b u t he backed up his conclusion with facts and logic.

Before he announced his conclusion, he said: "I have hesitated a long time before making this statement. I put it in writing to see if it scared m e or not.

It didn't."

He paralleled t h e present effort with the League of Nations and pointed out t h e similarity of mistakes deliberately made.

Concluding his main address, before answering questions, he said: "There is not going to be any peace on earth until all men are willing to accept and apply the principles of the brotherhood of m a n kind."

He expressed the firm conviction that a third world w a r cannot be avoided by the m a c h i n e r y at hand. The only value of t h e Conference, he said, is t h a t it has given the reflectively thinking people of t h e world an opportunity to come to the same conclusions he has. If enough of t h e m come to that conclusion—that the conference is a tragic joke—they will do something about it, he said.

Bro. Logan was not too much impressed with the value of the Negro representation at t h e conference. He saw little, if any, dent m a d e by t h e m on the conference proceedings and results. He is now convinced that Negroes must begin organizing to see that a Negro is on the official delegation to any subsequent conferences concerning world peace, if his voice is to be heard.

Well, there's your challenge, Brother.

Our General President says it is time to organize! Are we going to let him down? s

Brother McAlpin Manuscript Editor MANUSCRIPT, the up-and-coming weekly Washington News Letter, concerned entirely with the behind-thescene activities of Negroes is prepared u n d e r the joint supervision of Brother H a r r y S. McAlpin, chairman of the p u b licity committee, writer of "Sphinx-Side Chat" for the S P H I N X and only Negro White House correspondent for the Negro Newspaper Publishers Association, along with Chicago Defender's Charley Cherokee.

"EDITORS NOTE: Since then, the FEPC has been voted a $250,000 budget, still leaving the FEPC in a doubtful status.

Meanwhile, the fight for a permanent FEPC goes on.

May, 1945

Jericho! Jericho!

OW time and the river will dispose of Richard Wright's Black Boy. I have neither the clairvoyance nor the brashness to predict. It 0 may be that even as early as the year 2000 this volume, if it is read at all, will have only an idle or a curious significance.

Perhaps, even that soon, American custom will have changed so utterly that Wright's passion will seem as dated as Galsw o r t h y's annoyance with the old English divorce law. Perhaps, even that close to our own torture d moment, we shall have dealt, not MR. JACKSON only with race prejudice, but also with the larger crime of a society's suicidal abuse of its own human resources, after such a celestial pattern, that Black Boy's most searching implications need exist only as the hypotheses of a fable.

Nevertheless, it seems to me that for our time Black Boy is a good and an important book. For I consider it not simply as the moving record of a gifted human being's youthful frustrations, nor merely as a highly charged bill of particulars against the system of color caste â&#x20AC;&#x201D;both of which, indeed, it certainly isâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; but as an urgent testament of our duty to the future, if we really mean for that future to be decent and secure.

Naturally I thought of Richard Wright, the person and the artist, as I read Black Boy. Many people say they cannot stomach him. Some of them have frivolous reasons. They damn his whole hide because in recapturing life as it is lived he sometimes uses language as obscene as that to which they themselves frequently resort, or because his themes and his characters are as brutally vulgar as the ghettos whose misery they reflect.

Others, although they have dealt much more profoundly with his character, still find him, perhaps because they are accustomed to taking their men of letters in a belletristic context only, too savage,

H

THE SPHINX

By G. BLYDEN JACKSON too bitter, too melodramatic. As for myself, I marvel that the man has ever written one calm and coherent line.

Once upon a time, I know, there was a popular notion that poets inhabited garrets and that poverty expanded genius as gold the conquistador's cupidity. How any superstition so obviously false could ever have achieved wide acceptance will always be a mystery to everyone but the cynic. The great literary artists have almost invariably been in a position to avail themselves of the best in creature comforts. Chaucer certainly had little hardship to complain of in his busy life.

Milton's father was a scrivener, Shelly's the richest squire in all England, and Browning's, a banker. The elder Shakespeare had, apparently, no talent for accumulation, but he surely was a public figure in his community, and Shakespeare himself seemed to be as apt at business as at dramaturgy, while George Bernard Shaw, the present dean of Englishspeaking writers, in spite of his woodpile and his vegetables, has never put into real jeopardy the tender business of his animal well-being.

But Black Boy uncompromisingly establishes two circumstances about the youth of Richard Wright, whose omission from any concept of the man will distort the picture. One is the fact that his youth was spent in one long hunger.

Much of it was actual physical famine.

The boy wanted food and it was not there; or, he wanted a square meal, when all that he could get was a maddening insufficiency. Much of it was hunger of the spirit. The boy wanted dignity. He wanted ambassadors of goodwill to conduct his entree into the kingdom of the mind. He wanted a world about him that would not bruise him, not abase him, a world that was not morbidly determined to twist him into something other than what he would be. The other is the sense of flight, of escaping to nowhere, that also seems to have been his vade mecum during these impressionable years. And that, too, like his tantalized appetite, seems to have had both its physical expression and its psychological shadow.

For, somewhat in the manner of Anthony Adverse, he seemed always an orphan of his world, always a fugitive fleeing toward a homeland to which he could not get back.

Page 47

If, therefore, Wright's art lacks the tranquil detachment of the lovers on the Grecian urn, or even the core of serenity found in writing of epic quality. an explanation is not far to seek. Shelley could write, "I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!" and then retire, for the contemplation of the mortal injury done his soul by Lord Eldon's magisterial venom or his own domestic tribulations, to a soft Florentine bed. The young Wright's acquaintance with blood and pain was not so metaphorical. His cup was overflowing with troubles of every brew, and, not least, with sheer animal cruelty. The universe around him was constantly threatening harm, not only to his world of dreams, but indeed to his very body itself. Arbitrarily to assume that a person with such an experience of life can write with an Elysian sublimation is not, of course, asking the impossible, but it is, on reasonable grounds, expecting too much.

On the other hand readers of Black Boy, no matter what their race, should be grateful to its author because he has so honestly attempted to reveal a sensitive Negro's genuine reaction to his problem of living in the American South.

Probably no other symptom of our cultural disorder is more disturbing than the refusal of white people, sometimes of intelligent and well-intentioned white people, to accept the integrity of this book. For their attitude demonstrates, with a sickening impact, how little we have accomplished upon the solution of the sorest issue of this epoch. The military conquest of the Axis is essential to our salvation. Yet there can be no just and lasting resolution of our turmoil, with or without V-Day, Dumbarton Oaks, Bretton Woods, or any other specific for a better society, until colored peoples feel that they have a home in this world.

This, indeed, is the grand imperative of our time. But still there are typical white people who never seem to reach a point at which they are willing to credit Negroes with human reflexes. They apparently expect Negroes to welcome, as their due, outrages which would drive the humblest Aryan berserk. In this connection I cite you, for convenient case histories, to either Arthur Gray Powell's I Can Go Home Again or William Percy's Lanterns on the Levee. Now I conceive

Page 48

THE

SPHINX

May, 1945

«^^—^—^_»-————————————— of t h e a u t h o r s of both these books as highly companionable and p r e t e r - n a t u r ally intelligent persons, kindly, well-met souls with m o r e than their share of t h e u r b a n e virtues. F u r t h e r m o r e , these gentlemen h a v e lived in young Wright's country all their lives—Judge Powell in Georgia, P e r c y Wright in Mississippi. B u t they a r e w h i t e men in the South. And n o w h e r e in either book will you get the impression t h a t they ever encountered a black boy who even belonged to the same order of creation as Richard Wright.

Some commentators on Black Boy have been struck aghast because, from his seventeen years in t h e South, Wright records not one act of benevolence, or, even, of h u m a n decency, in his w h i t e fellow natives' t r e a t m e n t of himself. They a r e experiencing some of t h e v e r y same b e w i l d e r m e n t which at first stampeded m e w h e n I contemplated the phenomenon of m e n like Powell and Percy. But now I accept the testimony of their candor with a p r a y e r of thanksgiving, for they have t a u g h t me how stout and thick a r e t h e walls defending the beleageured citadel of caste. Here a r e men w h o m anyone should be delighted to meet on a relaxed footing, men who have been able to penet r a t e with acumen and v e r v e into the resources of their environment, and they h a v e never found, or expected to find. any Negro w h o m they did not think of as fundamentally different from themselves. And h e r e is Wright who spent his yearling period in t h e South and never felt that quality in his w h i t e neighbors which makes by far the greater p a r t of Lanterns on the Levee and I Can Go Home Again captivating material.

I have said earlier that Black Boy is a good and important book.

It is good, because a worth-while individual who has achieved distinctive competence in the writing craft creates within its margins a document of power and truth.

It is important, because it attacks without pusillanimity and at a vital point, directly on the h u m a n level, and in terms of the tragically vicious effects on the people thereby deformed, t h e caste mentality which in its persistence dooms any real hope for a decent world in our time or forever after. T h e r e is a city whose bastions must be leveled before we can possess our land of milk and honey. Before that Jericho, Richard Wright has wound a resolute horn.

THE CHATTER BOX This is a world of shadowy light and lightsome shadow, of lilies in the m u d and night soil coming back in t h e coolie's ricebowl . . .

In the same issue of Newsweek appears an article about t h e Hook-Rankin episode which any nitwit not a Republocrat can see is slanted Rankin-wise, and a review of Wright's Black Boy uncompromisingly anti-bourbon . . .

In one breath David Cohn tells the world how pat segregation is in the South ("How the South Feels," Atlantic, J a n u a r y , 1944), and in the next issues a noble philippic against antiSemitism ("What Can the J e w Do?" S a t u r d a y Review of L i t e r a t u r e . J a n u a r y 27, 1945) in which he realizes how indivisible h u m a n i t y and decency a r e . . . Some of the same voices which, wisely reconciling the ideal with t h e practical, already w a r n us not to reject a good peace settlement if it is not altogether perfect

(if, for example, India's cause is not solved or the natives in Africa not redeemed), believe me! some of those same voices sorrowfully proclaim their opposition to a p e r m a n e n t F E P C . not because they do not w a n t democratic employment, (Oh, No!) but because, as perfectionists, they can see how the law might be misapplied.

* * * Once upon a time not so long past, I had started work at Michigan on w h a t I was hoping would be an acceptable Ph. D. Then I had r a t h e r vague plans about staking out a claim on Galsworthy or becoming some other kind of conventional authority in t h e orthodox m a n n e r of pink-tea scholarship. Now, if I am ever lucky enough to r e s u m e my a b a n d o n e d doctoral career (and, if I am not, I pray that someone who likes to smash things up a bit so that the clean air can blow through filthy corners will have a go at it for me) I'd love to do a thorough job of propaganda analysis on Time magazine.

It might not be scholarly, but, Christ! it would be bloody savage, and if I could only have Dean Swift as chairman of my committee I would probably get the P h .

D., with some Oak Leaf Clusters added.

Besides, if I could only say w h a t I wanted to say the w a y I w a n t e d to say it, it would outsell Gone With the Wind in the open m a r k e t . . . Incredible as it ought to be, I still meet so m a n y people who still actually believe that Time is factual and objective. Indeed, for this very reason, they v e n e r a t e Time as a sort of Bible which every well-informed (sic) person should read unfailingly.

These poor, gullible, nobly intentioned souls are duped by Time's "telegraphic prose" and certain of its other nauseatingly arch mannerisms. T h e t r u t h is that Time deserves the arsenic-coated bay for reducing the art of capsule generalization to a science of misinformation . . . It's all done with mirrors, and t h e m i r r o r s a r e often adjectives.

Sometimes I have to stand up myself and cheer when I see how Time's staffers can write a whole editorial with one neatly placed adjective.

Instances of their ability to go one way while apparently looking the other so clutter up the pages of Time. That I always seem to be r e a d i n g it with a horrible sense of sickness in the pit of my stomach. For a masterpiece of onesided reporting, however, I refer you to Time's story on the Senate rejection of A u b r e y Williams' R. E. A. nomination.

After a beautifully angled selection of the facts in the case, Time in the story's last paragraph, m a n i p u l a t e s as smooth a job of tongue-in-the check objectivity as I ever w a n t to see—

* * * W h a t column, or departments, in the periodicals a r e y o u r favorite? If you have never tried J o h n Mason Brown's "Seeing Things" in the S a t u r d a y Review of L i t e r a t u r e you m i g h t look in on it.

Sometimes he permits his fondness for t u r n i n g a phrase to get out of hand, but he is pretty generally delightful. . . Manny Farber's movie reviews in the New Republic certainly deserve y o u r attention.

F a r b e r does for t h e movies w h a t every good critic of an art should do.

He makes you feel the significance and the possibilities of the art which he is studying.

F u r t h e r m o r e he has learned to write without fuss, and in any field that is no mean achievement—

For p e r m a n e n t additions to y o u r shelf on biography w e r e c o m m e n d highly: (1) Citizen Toussaint (Citizen Toussairit.

by Ralph Korngold. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1944. 358 pp $3.00) which you probably already own or had planned to buy. The h a n d y little sketch of Haitian History alone makes the book worth the price of admission; (2) Samuel Johnson (Samuel Johnson, by Joseph Wood Krutch. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1944. 599 pp. $3.75), a book in m a n y ways as delightful as the ugly, lovable old Tory himself. And it has •some useful indexes; (3) William the Silent (William the Silent, by C. V. Wedgwood. 1944. New Haven: Yale University Press. 256 pp. $3.00) which is serious biog r a p h y of a significant subject organized with distinction . . . And for references to the world around you Timeless Mexico (Timeless Mexico, by Hudson Strode.

New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1944. 436 pp. $3.50) and the Lattimores' The Making of Modern China (The Making of Modern China, by Owen and Eleanor Lattimore, 1944. 212 pp. $2.50) which, in addition to the virtue of its p r i m e r attitude, has a chart of the dynasties that will enable you to confound the neighbors with your knowledge of esoteric things . . . Speaking of Mexico reminds me that Prescott's Conquest of Mexico can now be had as a dollar reprint.

I do not r e m e m b e r that Cortez' bold enterprise has ever been filmed, and I am a little nonplussed that gentlemen as avaricious as Hollywood's e n t r e p r e n e u r s should have overlooked such profitable material. J u s t imagine, let us say, Errol Flynn as Cortez, Loretta Young m a d e u p to look like the glamorous adolescent Marina, and a mob of principals and extras s w a r m i n g over the California plateau to accomplish the downfall of Montezuma.

I myself would wait for t h e sinking of the ships at Vera Cruz and b a w l then like a school-girl whose h e a r t had been broken for t h e first time. Well, why the movies have not looked up from Sabatini, good as he is at derring-do, to take advantage of P r e s c o t t s lesson in truth-isstranger-than-fiction should m a k e an instructive problem in ignored opportunities. s

Honor Eastern VicePresident Rho Lambda chapter. Buffalo, New York, gave its a n n u a l formal dance in Kleinhaus Music Hall, Thursday night, April 26, in honor of Dr. L. Lloyd Burrell, who was elected Eastern vice-president, at the Atlantic City convention to succeed A n d r e w R. Tyler, New York City.

Brother Trenholm 191 Brother H. C. Councill Trenholm, director of educational activities for t h e Alpha P h i Alpha fraternity, who holds a number of responsible posts, in addition to the presidency of State Teachers College, Montgomery, Alabama, and executive secretary of the American Teachers Association, has been compelled to be absent from his office several days recently, due to the strain induced by the heavy schedule of his m a n y and varied activities.

May, 1945

THE

A Basic Philosophy (From Page 42) should cater to an "aristocracy of aptitude" and views optimal development as concerned with the development of the characteristics of the democratic personality—reflective thinking, social sensitivity, valuing, cooperativeness, creativeness, and the like—with view to perpetuating and constantly improving the democratic way of life.

This viewpoint, also, rejects the conception of the school as being charged with the responsibility of focusing attention on adult demands. On the contrary. the school should seek to meet the needs of the child as he interacts with his environment. Implied in this position is the fact that the school should aid the youth in making effective adaptation to his environment, as well as developing such personal characteristics that will enable him to participate in preserving and extending our democratic social order.

Moreover, this position implies that the purpose of the education is general and not vocational in the narrow sense.

There is no philosophical justification for setting up a dualism between vocational and general education. The author believes that courses which provide prevocational orientation or exploratory experiences should be included within the framework of a program of general education. More specifically; the school should seek to provide boys and girls with an education which will render them capable of living in the democratic community.

Summary Taking into consideration the fact that a philosophy of education must reflect the finest ideals of the social order out of which it emerges, the significant democratic values—individualism, equality and freedom—have been reinterpreted in terms of the meaning which must be ascribed to them at the present time. it has been pointed out that man must contrive means of carrying on a program of shared living, by cooperating in a program concerned with achieving common goals or purposes. The individual who may live successfully in a democratic social group must exhibit the ability and willingness to utilize reflective thinking; possess social sensitivity: resolve conflicts by considering all the values involved; exhibit the ability and willingness to act cooperatively in solving problems of common concern; possess the zeal to live creatively; and seek to become increasingly more self-directive.

Consistent with this philosophy, the learning process is viewed as growing out of the need for solving problematic situations. Viewed in this manner, it is the emergent product of a process of continuous reconstruction. The purpose of education is to promote the optimal development of boys and girls for whom it assumes responsibility, by meeting their needs in such a way as to render them competent as participants in the democratic community.

SPHINX

Education And The World (From Page 37) gree you count it important, and you learn it in the degree you are ready to take it in, in the degree that it fits with what you already believe.

Suppose I tell you (and you believe me) that your brother is dead. Will you learn it, learn it strongly? You will learn it as you accept it. If you take it as true, you learn it that way. If you take it as false, you learn it that way. However you take it, that way you learn it. And you learn it in the degree you count it important. So you learn your brother's death strongly, if you accept it at all.

Everything you live, you learn; learn as you accept it; learn in the degree you live it. And what is learned is built at once into character; so that each one is all the time building his character. Each act has its effect.

The quality of what is lived becomes then highly important. Each one will learn what he lives, as he accepts it to live by. If it is low quality living, he learns that; and builds by so much a low quality character. If it is high quality living, he learns that and builds that into character. He is then building high quality character. The important thing then about a school is the quality of living that goes on in it.

For the children will learn what they live, what they truly live in their hearts, and they will build this at once into character.

It was said earlier that education works simultaneously at two points: one with the person to get him to live better—and so become better—under the existing conditions; the other so to change the living conditions as to change the culture. It is along these lines that cur schools must work, that you as "future teachers" must plan to work, with your children in school and with children and parents in home and community, to help them live finer, better lives; with the older and most thoughtful pupils and the more thoughtful parents and citizens, to help them do better critical thinking, to help them think through their community problems, so as to improve community living conditions.

More explicitly, what shall the schools try to do? Try to do with and for your people? Here I speak plainly. What I am saying to you, I say to all rich or poor. I say it all over America. I have said it in India, in China, in Egypt. I would not have you think that I am advising you what I would not advise the white people in New York, in Louisiana, in my native Georgia. Some time ago I met all the state supervisors in Virginia, three days first with the Negroes, then three days with the whites. I advocated the same education for both.

True, the need is at the moment somewhat different; for wealth and past opportunity favor most of them over most of you. But it is easier for you to apply than for the teachers of the rich and favored, just as now it is easier to f.pply (if people will) in India and China.

I would have the school think of itself as a center of living for children and as a community center for parents

Page 49 and citizens to come there after school and evenings and Saturdays. I would have as much possible of the school work turn on working in and with the community. We would do all we could to have old and young learn to live better together, learning how to have finer and better homes and how to live better, really better, in those homes, how to buy better, how to cook better a better diet, how to plant trees and shrubs, how to live with more consideration and more refinement in the homes; learning, in the country especially, to buy land to own, each family for itself, how to build to best advantage, how to save and spend wisely.

You must not think this means less of books and book learning; it really means more of books and writing actually put to use.

Two final things I would say. First, we must help all our people, white people and Negroes, to learn a better religion, a religion not to forget this world but to make it a better world to live in. Second, we must take conscious steps to make better living arrangements between white people and Negroes. Each community should have an inter-racial commission of the best from both sides, a commission to consider how to make things better in that community. I cannot tell them what they are to do, that is their business. But the presence of such a commission of really good and strong people can help steer things from bad things toward better things. And, I believe there are right now more good people on both sides than ever before who would take hold of such a commission to make it work.

These are some of the things that I see possible for you "future teachers" as you look ahead to the work that beckons you onward. s

Florida A. & M. College To Offer Graduate Work The Florida state board of control, in a recent meeting, voted that Florida A. & M. College state land-grant institution for Negroes, should introduce "graduate courses in the forthcoming summer session, which will eventually lead to granting of master's degrees."

The board said that it had approved college plans for "enlarged facilities, improvement of buildings, and extension of the instructional program to include graduate study." An annual appropriation of $18,000, for setting up the graduate school, has been recommended to the legislature by the budget commission. Similar appropriations have been made, in the past, but the funds have gone unused.

Brother William H. Gray, Jr., Southern regional vice-president, is president of Florida A. & M. college. s

Appointed To Fisk Faculty Announcement has just been made of the appointment of Brother G. Blyden Jackson, Literary Editor for the SPHINX, as assistant professor of English at Fisk university, beginning in September. Professor Jackson, brother to SPHINX Editor Jackson, is a graduate of Wilberforce (Tu.n to page 58)

Page 50

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I SURE CAN'T SEE WHAT THE MEN SEE SO MUCH IN HER!"

FROM THE UNEASY CHAIR OF THE SOUTHERN VICE-PRESIDENT

I

T was our immense pleasure recently to pay visits to a number of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity chapters within the Southern region. In Atlanta, we met with the aspiring undergraduate brothers of Morehouse, Clark and Morris Brown colleges. At the invitation of the Eta Lambda chapter. Brother J. R. Henderson, president, we delivered an address while in the city.

* * * The old mail bag contained some interesting information on Alphadom recently. One letter, for example, was from Brother C. L. Blake, principal of West Charlotte high school, Charlotte, North Carolina, who wrote: "I am accepting the appointment of Regional Director and appreciate your recommendation. I assure you that 1 shall do all that I can to promote and maintain the high fraternal spirit that does exist here in the Carolines."

"Last year several chapters put on a reclamation program and met with wonderful success. Our chapter in Greensboro was quite outstanding."

Brother A. L. Allen (of Metal Arts), writing from Nashville, also brings us some interesting comment:

"I just left Memphis and Jackson. In Memphis. I found Brother Swingler putting the finishing touch on the Convention Number of the SPHINX. Unfortunately, the chapter meeting was scheduled at a later date and thus only personal contact with the individual brothers was made."

"Incidentally, the chapter at Lane college, Jackson, Tennessee, from outside indications, could stand some stimulation."

Our former SPHINX editor. Brother Swingler, states that he willingly accepts his new position as "Secretary of State," for the Southern area, and already has begun his duties.

The theme of our national celebration this year, held during the Spring. was "Education for World Citizenship."

You might be interested in knowing the names of outstanding educators and personalities of our region who were used as speakers on several of the programs in the Southern region. Some are listed below: Aaron Brown, Ph. D., president, Albany State college, Albany, Georgia.

James A. Colston, M. S., president

May, 1945 Bethume-Cookman college, Daytona Beach, Florida.

John L. Tilley, M. Sâ&#x20AC;&#x17E; president, Florida normal and industrial institute, Saint Augustine. Florida.

J. A. Bacote, M. S., D. D., president, Benedict college, Columbia, South Carolina.

Harold L. Trigg, Ph. D., president, State teachers college, Elizabeth City, North Carolina.

F. D. Patterson, Ph. D., president, Tuskegee institute, Tuskegee, Alabama.

J. D. Drake, Ph. Dâ&#x20AC;&#x17E; president, Agricultural and Mechanical college. Normal.

Alabama.

Felton G. Clark, Ph. D., president, Southern university, Scotlandville, Louisiana.

George W. Gore, Ph. D., dean, Tennessee A. and I. state college, Nashville Tennessee.

Reid Jackson. Ph. D., editor of the SPHINX, Southtrn university, Scotlandville, Louisiana.

Lewis O. Swingler, editor, Memphis World, Memphis, Tennessee.

Cliff Mackay, managing editor, Atlanta World, Atlanta, Georgia.

Gilbert L. Porter, M. S., principal, Lmcoln high school, Tallahassee, Florida Doubtlessly, you will recognize that the fraternity is now passing through a period of transition and in many instances on our campuses you will gradually "reorganize" to the extent that you are "organizing" a "new" fraternity. We urge that chapters select future initiates bearing in mind that a postwar pattern is being set as to the qualifications and calibre of Alpha men of tomorrow's college campus.

Fraternally yours, Wm. H. GRAY, JR. Southern Vice-President. s

Discusses White Primary

ATTY. SIDNEY A. JONES, JR. BROTHER SIDNEY A. JONES, JR., noted Chicago attorney and contributing editor to the SPHINX, discussing "the White Primary and the Supreme Court" in the March, 1945 issue of the NATION(Turn to page 65)

May, 1945

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EDUCATIONAL REVIEW OF REVIEWS The following article was taken from the Frat Fun column of the April, 1941 edition of the SPHINX I write it again in this Review of Reviews because the bachelor became debachelorized a son came into his life and he was not named Archibald. But the insertion is valuable for the purpose of review of mv oast J frat fun thinking. * An Open Letter To My Son Dear Archibald: To have lived through the years that the great Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity has carried on a campaign of education and has promulgated a Go-to-High-School, Go-to-College Movement, and to have utterly failed not only to respond but even to grasp the importance and significance of the campaign is the reason for the plight in which you find yourself.

Theories, i d e a s , ideals and statistics have been given, honeyed words from the lips of hundreds of orators and haranguers have gone out on the ethereal waves, reams have been written and printed, all relative to the desire and racial DR. WINTERS necessity of your generation observing the educational signs of the times.

You failed to respond, you hesitated in contacting, and neglected to avail yourself of the implements that would enable you to maintain the literary and social peace of your day and time and you are consequently a pawn in the hands of those who have placed a premium on educational preparation.

What are you and what can you do!

In the category of the present-day workers where can you be placed? You are a misfit in an era of specialization, a pariah in a race the renaissance of which has never been paralleled. The fact that your father was known and respected

avails you nothing. And if the statement that the streets of Hades are paved with good intentions is true, then I am sure that every campaign, every warning, every prophecy uttered by those indefatigable crusaders of educational preparation in the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity must be gall and wormwood to you in your complacent but impotent illiteracy.

Like others in your condition you are doomed to be a hewer of wood and a drawer of water.

Regretfully, Your Father.

A POSTSCRIPT The hypothetical letter written above in the subjunctive mood, expressing simple futurity, is my contribution to the Go-to-High-School, Go-to-College Movement. The necessity of writing such a letter twenty years from now would be quite a paradox in the case of one who so thoroughly believes in and advocates the educational movement. Then, too, the author is a bachelor and, therefore. can have no son. And, even if he had adopted one, the virility of the author and his manifest masculinity would never tolerate the name Archibald and its probable connotation.

•

*

4

SIGNS OF THE TIMES The food faddists have exploited and advocated spinach, yeast cake, sauer kraut and tomato juice as the sine qua non of health-producing and vigor-maintaining elements for several years. If the system of crop rotation holds good, the lowly chitterling should have its day.

SWEET INNOCENCE She flunked her exams because she thought— Manuel Labor was a Mexican gentleman.

Epsom Downs was a purgative.

Gretna Green was a Jewish debutante.

Ex-President Hoover monopolized the vacuum cleaning industry.

The Prince of Wales was a deep sea fisherman.

The Unknown Soldier had fought with a mask on.

Obesity was a nickname for Elizabeth.

The Alpha Phi Alpha "shingle" was made of wood.

* ** HOW'S YOUR PRONUNCIATION He: "What made you jump out of the car last night and run home?"

She: "I was being chaste."

* ** APPROPRIATE NAME FOR TWINS Pete and Repeat Kate and Duplicate Sis and Desist Math and Aftermath Max and Climax I

|

•

INCONSISTENCY He told his wife he could live on kisses and then started into helping himself in some other cafeteria.

* ** "The ladies that just passed were Mrs. John Doe and her niece. Her niece is rather good looking."

"Don't say 'knees, is,' say 'knees are."

* **

Patient (gaspingly): "I seem a little better doctor, but I'm still short of breath."

Doctor: "Have patience and we'll soon stop that."

* ** Judge: "Only married a week and you've started to beat your wife already!

Sixty days in the workhouse will cure you."

Husband: "Oh judge, it's a bit tough spoiling our honeymoon like this."

Page 54

THE S P H I N X

It was Sunday and she was playing the "St. Louis Blues" on the piano. The minister came in and frowningly asked, "Young lady do you know the Ten Commandments?"

She replied, "Hum it and perhaps I can pick out the tune."

* ** WHO'S WHO IN ANTIQUITY President Nebuchadnezer of the University of Babylon espoused the Go-toHigh-School, Go-to-College Movement yesterday. The President has been very wroth because of the inability of his faculty to read the inscription that was projected on his television set last Friday night. Prof. Daniels, an Alpha Phi Alpha expert from Israel, has been summoned to translate the words.

* ** Madam Queen from Sheba is spending a few days at Jerusalem as the guest of Dr. Solomon. Madam Queen fainted from sheer ecstasy at the wonderful reception Dr. Solomon gave her on the night of her arrival. Efforts to obtain a long interview with her were fruitless. The Sheba beauty could only exclaim, "The half was not told me!"

PRE-GRADUATION QUIZ Do you wake up mornings with a splitting headache?

Is your tongue coated?

Do you have peculiar pains in your back?

Is there a blurred vision before your eyes?

Are you troubled with insomnia?

Have you fallen arches?

Does your nose bleed easily?

Have you palpitation of the heart?

Do you suffer from myopia, nostalgia or anorexia?

Do your joints ache and creak, especially those of your fingers?

Then you haven't signed those checks for the Seventh War Loan Bond and your 1945 Grand Tax! Class Dismissed!

Hits And Misses (From Page 44) times would have been much more advanced. Men like Ex-president Bell of Alcorn college would not be removed from their positions; and, incidentally, it was all instigated by our own people.

Remember the moral of the storyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;"The Man who Wanted to be White."

May, 1945 in USO or is it because you write some of my good friends quite often?

To Brother Hugh Gloster, regional supervisor of the Southeastern region, I miss working with you quite a lot.

Hope you can get me back in your region.

My regards to all the family and the friends in and around Atlanta.

To Brother Jack Adkins of Fort Hauchuca USO, your inspiration has been my guiding star in this work. The four of us from "Beale Street" in USO ought to be some kind of record. Adkins, Bell, Cotton and Gloster. What do you think?

# * *

Well here's hoping that this gets off the press without too much of it being cut, and until the next time when I have something to talk about, I wish all a very pleasant summer and that the war ends quickly. I'll be seeing ya! s

A Resume Of

(From Page 43) ington decided, early in the program, that the shortage of trained Negro teachers of secondary science and mathematics constituted a threat to the effectiveness of the war effort. To meet this need, we organized units in mathematics and physics for high school teachTeacher: "Abie, conjugate the verb * ** 'to be' in a sentence 'I have a gold mine'" ers. These courses, some of which are Abie: To Brother Bishop Frank Madison now in progress, have been offered in "I have a gold mine, Reid, of South Carolina, I am sorry that Selma, Birmingham, Mobile, Anniston, Thou has a gold thine, you came to work in the state just as I Decatur and Talladega. We have been He has a gold his, was leaving. I would have liked to work gratiiied to note that a large number of We have a gold ours, with you in South Carolina. I found these trainees have been placed.

You have a gold yours, when I was there, that there are a great This period of National Emergency has They have a gold theirs." number of possibilities for our people proved the value of the short, intensive * ** there. 1 read constantly of the good work training course. It has been demonstraTeacher: "What is the difference be- you are doing. ted that certain phases of technical work tween nectar and elixir?

To Brother Atty. Charles W. Anderson of may be stripped of non-essentials and Pupil: "Before marriage he nectar and Louisville, you didn't have to put me that an individual can learn to perform now 6 e H x i r l " _ down altogether since I have been busy a highly specialized task in a remarkably short time.

Industry, of course, was already aware of this fact, since mass production was made possible by its application. The fact that the world of education has now accepted the idea will, I believe, have farreaching consequences in our future educational set-up.

Possibly at some future date, an individual's education will not be rated by the degree he holds but by the number of intensive units of training that he has completed!

Whatever the implications, we know that the Negro is education-conscious. He can see, from actual workingcontact with the other races that the trained man will be the man with the postwar job. And he has learned that one of his most valuable minority techniques is the ability to do the job better 'THAT FELLOW SURE LOVES ART. HE'S BEEN IN THAT POSITION than his fairskinned neighFOR THE LAST THREE HOURS." bor.

May, 1945

THE

SPHINX

EDUCATIONAL DIRECTOR DESCRIBES 1945 EDUCATION WEEK PROGRAM In June 1920, the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity staged its first national effort to direct attention of Negro students and Negro citizen to the problems of major importance. That first campaign strove to contact every high school and to influence Negro students to go to high school and to college. For the first thirteen years, through 1932, the theme for these annual week-observances continued to be GO-TO-HIGH-SCHOOL, GO-TOCOLLEGE. For the past twelve years, the new and additional theme has been EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP, with emphasis upon the securing and effective use of the franchise. The twenty-sixth annual observance for Alpha Phi Alpha thus came in this momentous year of 1945 with the recommended week chosen from the two-week range of APRIL 30-MAY 13 (with chapters having the privilege of alternate dates where local calendars preferable.)

For the 1945 observance, Alpha Phi Alpha again widened its horizon and added a third theme, EDUCATION FOR WORLD CITIZENSHIP, as a recommended emphasis for chapter program of 1945. Thus a three-fold program of emphasis projected through our week of National Observance, with choice of combination of these three themes or slogans: A. EDUCATION FOR PARTICIPATION IN WORLD CITIZENSHIP. B. EDUCATION FOR PARTICIPATION IN AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP. C. GO-TO-HIGH-SCHOOL, GO-TOCOLLEGE. EDUCATION FOR PARTICIPATION IN WORLD CITIZENSHIP was the special slogan for the 1945 Observance for those chapters which did not have other preferences. The observance occured simultaneously with the San Francisco Conference, at which major attention was focused upon the confirmation of the outlines for a pattern of world relationships.

The issues of a lasting and enduring peace revolve around the decisions as to what will be the opportunity for all men to have security as well as the chance for maximum individual development.

The large percentage of the population of the world which lives in mandated or colonial areas, and the extent to which such people are of the colored races, makes this problem of major concern to ALPHA PHI ALPHA men. Our fraternity has taken a major lead in this entire problem through the initiative of our Brother General President Rayford W. Logan who was privileged to sit in at this World Conference at San Francisco as an accredited press representative. Our nation is currently wrestling with this issue of dependent peoples and has the assistance of a Negro in our Department of State who is at present serving as Acting Chief for this division. Our Negro citizens of these United States, need the focus of attention on this world problem.

Alpha Phi Alpha, in its stimulation of citizenship and well directed attention in this 1945 Observance to the widening of our horizon of citizenship and lending influence to the crystalizing of national sentiment behind a decisive position in favor of an international authority to give direction to these dependent areas

which will propose to help them to build toward independent status rather than lapse backward and deeper into colonial slavery.

EDUCATION FOR PARTICIPATION IN AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP is still a slogan which has major pertinence and was preferred by some chapters as emphasis for their 1945 Observance. In America and in many states and communities of the South, we still struggle to achieve manhood suffrage which is not restricted by race or sex or economic qualifications. The history of the United States, in our steady movement toward full democracy in government, has been in the direction of the full and unrestricted privilege of the franchise. The election of Andrew Jackson, back in 1828, signaled one significant step. The 13th Amendment was another. The provision for voting by women was still a third.

Now, we yet contend against the innocuous White Primary in the South and we strive to secure enactment of national legislation to outlaw the Poll Tax. Negroes still struggle for the right to be registered in many communities. Negroes yet need extended instruction and stimulation in the intelligent and effective use of the ballot as their implement for the securing of the benefits and privileges which our Government proposes to make possible for all its inhabitants. The battle is not yet won. Alpha Phi Alpha chapters have a magnificent opportunity and an imperative challenge to strike AT HOME on this issue in terms of what their particular community problems may be.

GO-TO-HIGH-SCHOOL, GO-TO-COLLEGE is still in the program of emphasis of Alpha Phi Alpha and should have some place in the week's program of all chapters during this 1945 observance. The lush days of easy employment soon will begin to recede, but there are still many temptations to students and graduates of 1945 to take a job now rather than continue in school. Our veterans will soon begin to be demobilized in increasingly large numbers and will have the choice under the "G. I. Bill" of further study or of entry into business of some type of employment. After the first months of recovery, there will be increasingly severe competition and our Negro citizens need to realize that their chances of maintaining some of the war gains and of going forward with postwar America, will require both extended and effective educational preparation. Thus, Alpha Phi Alpha has the opportunity both to assist young people to see a wise sense of values in their relative opportunities today and to give our returning servicemen and servicewomen every aid in their rehabilitation through education.

The series of programs and activities by each chapter, were flexible and provided for chapter initiative and chapter preference. There were some presentations to formal groups (schools, clubs, etc.) as well as some type of general public program. Some chapters held a series of monthly or otherwise periodical forums which were climaxed by (Turn to Page 56)

Page 55

Director Trenholm Announces Annual Scholarship Awards Applications will be received at the Office of The Director of Educational Activities, H. Councill Trenholm, P. O. Box 271, Montgomery, Alabama, THROUGH JULY 15 from Brothers in good financial standing in the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity who desire consideration for scholarship and fellowship aid for the school year of 1945-46. The deadline for applications (July 15) is later this year. since the Educational Foundation will propose to announce the awards on August 1.

SCHOLARSHIPS The Thirtieth General Convention allocated an amount of $500.00 to be used for scholarships to assist deserving brothers during the school year of 194546. This aid is available for brothers who are still undergraduates and working toward their first degree as well as for brothers who are pursuing creditgraduate work toward an advanced academic or professional degree. The maximum amount of any scholarship grant will be $100, although the available scholarship fund will be apportioned in smaller amounts if the circumstances seem to warrant. Priority will be given to each of the four vice-presidential regions for an amount of $100 with priority also given to undergraduate applications for $50 of this amount in each vicepresidential region. Where a sufficient number of creditable applications are not received from a vice-presidential region, the available amount (in part or in fullt may be transferred to applicants from other regions.

The additional $100 available this year will be awarded without regard to vice-presidential regions and without regard to undergraduate or graduate status.

The awards are made on a competitive basis, in terms of the information and supporting documents submitted to the Alpha Educational Foundation by the applicants. Preference is given to high academic standing (as evidenced by a general average of "B" or better) and to the deserving character of the applicant as attested by the testimonials from the officials of the institution and of the chapter. All applications should include the following: a. The application blank on the prescribed form available through the office of The Director of Educational Activities. b. An official transcript of the applicant's academic record to date in the college which he is attending. c. A letter of recommendation from the Dean of the institution from which the transcript is submitted. d. Evidence of approval for admission to the professional institution which the applicant proposes to attend during the year of his scholarship award (if it is a different institution from that represented by his transcript.). e. PREFERABLY a letter of endorsement from the applicant's chapter . . . in addition to the formal certification on the application blank that the applicant is in good financial standing with the general (Turn to Page 58)

Page 56

THESPHINX

Summary And Implications (From Page 41) at Booker T. Washington senior high school.

Bases for Determining Educational Needs of Negroes in Atlanta In keeping with the aims of education in Georgia, to prepare the individual for a place in a democratic society and the statement, in the Georgia Constitution, that education shall be separate but uniform, the following four principles were recommended to the Board of Education as a basis of determining the educational needs of Negroes in Atlanta: 1. There should be available for Negro children the same type of educational opportunities afforded white childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; kindergarten, elementary, high school, vocational.

2. The number of Negro children taught per day by each teacher, and the number of Negro children in each class should be as low as in white schools.

3. The length of the school-day should be the same for the Negro child as for the white child.

4. The same types of physical accommodations and facilities should be available for Negro children as for white children.

Recommendations The Report estimated that $4,605,000 would be needed to bring the Negro school facilities up to the existing standard of whites. The committee recommended that steps be taken to remove these differentials and that in the planning for postwar improvements for whites that in addition to bringing the Negro school up to the present standard of whites that similar improvements be considered for Negroes.

The present estimated cost for Negro educational improvements is $6,000,000.

Specific improvements which are needed are set forth in the report.

Implications of the Atlanta Program for Community Organization and Postwar Planning by Negroes There is much testimony from persons of all walks of life in Atlanta that the study has had a most wholesome effect in arousing the interest of the entire Atlanta community in knowing the facts about their schools and in demonstrating the value of the survey as a method and technique in community organization.

The following specific things can be listed on the credit side in the evaluation of the total experience: 1. Inasmuch as the study was made. for the most part, by members of the faculties of the local colleges and university, it has placed these institutions in a new light in the thinking of the people of the community. One person expressed this new attitude in this manner: "The thing for which we have prayed for generations has happenedâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the college professors have shown an interest in the welfare of the people of the community."

2. The study has revealed that people are interested in facts, yes, they are interested in cold statistical facts when these are related to their welfare. They believe that it is a

3.

4.

5.

6.

May, 1945

good thing to "look at the record."

If people are to become sensitive to social problems they must be given a factual description of their community.

Social sensitivity is a primary necessity for intelligent political participation.

A community survey, when properly made, and by local persons, may be the means of bringing together people from all walks of life, in a community, for group action. It is therefore valuable as a technique in community organization.

There should be definite, understandable purposes behind each survey, and laymen, as well as experts, should contribute to it. The majority of the personnel making a survey should be local persons; otherwise, the probability of the findings being used will be greatly decreased.

After a study has been made, there is a need for a well-planned program of educating the people of the community concerning the findings and their meaning. In a larger city, a speakers bureau, made up of members of the research committee and persons, who by other means have become familiar with the findings, may prove to be a valuable adjunct.

Where Negroes are not a part of decision-making bodies with regard to public affairs, there is a great danger that decisions concerning them will be made and in the process of execution, before they are aware of what is happening.

Often it is, therefore, too late for them to use whatever pressure they might use to change these decisions when they are not fair to the Negro. At this time when every com-

Delivers Commencement

munity is considering postwar planning, Negroes, too, must plan. Negroes must insist that they be represented in all planning for community improvements.

It is needless to say that the specialist in community organization will find nothing new in the implications stated above, but they simply reinforce what is already known. They are stated here because it is believed that their reiteration may motivate other communities to undertake programs similar to the one from which these are drawn. s

Educational Director (From Page 55) this Education Week Observance. There were invitations to fraternity officers, to outstanding Fraternity brothers and even to outstanding non-fraternity leaders to make the contribution to the public programs. There was encouraged a maximum participation of brothers in the several programs which were a part of the total observance . . . particularly as a worthwhile experiential opportunity for undergraduate and graduate brothers, and as an opportunity for contact of students with outstanding individuals who may be brought to them in such programs. Some chapters sponsored prizeessay contests on pertinent subjects. Some chapters made their awards of scholarships or of other types of recognition upon the occasion of the week's observance. Some chapters made the Observance the occasion for focusing attention on some major community citizenship need to which the chapter, alone or in association with other civic agencies, was in position to make a creditable contribution. In many instances, both the GO-TO-HIGH-SCHOOL, GO-TO-COLLEGE and the EDUCATION-FOR-CITIZENSHIP emphisis were projected in a chapter's program for the year.

Address At Southern

University

Brother Dr. Aaron Brown, president, Albany state college, Albany, Georgia, is shown delivering the annual commencement address to the 1945 graduating class at Southern university, Scotlandville, Louisiana. Seated directly behind Brother Brown may be seen Brother Dr. Felton G. Clark, Southern university president, who had just returned to the campus, after a siege of illness in Flint-Goodridge hospital, New Orleans.

May, 1945

A Clean Sport

THE

SPHINX

Page 57

Brother Neilson Coaches Florida to SIAC Crown

T

ODAY, as w e go to press for Alpha's great journal, the SPHINX, t h e writer is going to take time out to pay tribute to some of the Alpha men who a r e bearing 1he colors.

Within the past t h r e e years, manyAlpha m e n have gone into t h e a r m y and navy to serve the stars and stripes.

Many of these men, some w h o had their college careers interrupted and others who had just managed to graduate, could be classified in this column as great athletes. And, even w a r can be a game played in a sportmanlike manner, though it m a y mean life or death. So. Alpha men MR. H I L L a s our n e w song goes, "We sing this song, you w h o a r e our greatest athletes and sportsmen carry on!"

Less we forget, just about 12 years ago, stories about a truly great athlete graced our football sports pages.

This man was lauded in all sides as a potential All-American tackle. It's just a lot of fun to think and even dream of a tackle being a fine gentleman. Brothers, this issue, we t u r n t h e pages of sports back to the time on "Big Bill Bell" k n o w n not only as Ohio State's greatest Ail-American tackle but also as Ohio State's greatest gentleman to ever trod the soft green turf of Ohio State's m a m m o t h Stadium.

Beyond a doubt brother, football is a tough game, it's tougher in t h e tackle position! Not to smoke or chew tobacco. swear on every play, lay a little extra roughness in a pinch when no one's looking, push, clip, or slug w h e n you are cursed on account of our color, is a test.

Well, it was in 1931, d u r i n g the last few minutes of a h a r d fought Michigan-Ohio State gameâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;always a grueling c o n t e s t that "Big Bill Bell" got his senior call from the gridiron, before some 90,000 folks, packed and j a m m e d into the stadium. Everyone in t h e Stadium rose to give "Bill" a vociferous glad h a n d (Turn to Page 66)

TROTHER HERMAN N. NEILSON, coach of the Florida A. & M. college basketball team, chalked up a successful season, in which the Florida Rattlers wound up with the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference championship. In the tournament play, Florida swept past Fisk, 63-32; Morris Brown 77-41; and Morehouse, 53-27.

The team captain, John Howard, of Elyria. Ohio, along with Nathani-1 Powell, Miami, Florida, was named to the all-conference team. Oliver Irving, Knoxvillo, Tennessee, and Leroy Cromartee. Miami, Florida, won positions on the second team, and Wallace Hawkins. Knoxville, Tennessee, was placed on the third team.

Averaging 50 points to their opponents 38, in a 24-game schedule, the Alligator State boys dropped only three ga*res, while winning 21, in their victory-march to the SIAC crown. To turn in this record, the high-scoring Florida outfit utilized a fast-break which, in a "fireball" style enabled them to capitalize on all opportunities to score, without reckless shooting.

According to Coach "Buck" Neilson. "this squad had just about as much 'hustle' as a college coach would desire in a bunch of youngsters. We depended on good physical condition and team play, rather than individual starring."

Brother Neilson, by the wav, is a 1930 graduate of Springfield college. Massachusetts. with the B. S. and M. Ed. degrees. He has been coaching and teaching physical education for t h e past 15 yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;ten at Hampton institute, one at Lincoln university (Mo.), and four at his present post. Our hats go off to Brother Neilson!

Front row (left to right): Herman N. Neilson, head coach; George Eaily, s t u d e n t manager; A. S. Gaither. athletic director.

Second row (left to right): H e n r y Lamar, guard, Anderson Indiana: A r t h u r Coverson. forward, Miami. Florida; Oliver Irving, forward, Knoxville, Tennessee; Wallace Hawkins, Jr., forward. Knoxville, Tenn.; Nathaniel Powell, center. Miami. Fla.; J o h n Howard, (Captain), forward. Elyria. Ohio; Theodore Montgomery, center, Jacksonville Florida; Leonard Spearman, forward, Tallahasse, Florida; Leroy Cromartie, g u a r d Miami, Florida; H e r b e r t Clark, guard, Fort Valley, Georgia.

Page 58

Director Announces Scholarship (From Page 55) organization and with his chapter for the year in which the application is submitted.

Each award is made for just one year.

A renewal of an award, for a subsequent year, can be considered only on the basis of submission of another formal application filed in the prescribed manner, by the applicant, and considered by the Alpha Educational Foundation in competition with other applications which may be presented to them for consideration for the particular year.

II. FELLOWSHIPS The Thirtieth General Convention allocated an amount of $350.00 for fellowships for this year of 1945. Applications for fellowship aid are considered for three types of cases: A. Fellowships to assist brothers in special projects of research which are socially-significant and scholarly-mature.

B. Fellowships to assist brothers (undergraduate or graduate) in markedly significant creative work in any field deemed worthy by the Educational Foundation of financial encouragement by the fraternity.

C. Grants-in-aid or Loans-in-aid to assist brothers in the publication of socially-significant work for which the manuscript may be ready for publication.

TYPE A fellowships are considered for such projects as may evidence high calibre of mature scholarship and as may have been very definitely planned and can be carried forward to "published conclusion" within the period for which the award is made. Research or productive work being done incident to the meeting of requirements for a graduate or professional degree is not considered eligible for this type of assistance although such applicant can be eligible for the SCHOLARSHIP ASSISTANCE and the manuscript thus produced can be considered for TYPE C assistance at the time of possible publication. TYPE A fellowships are conceived for the relatively lessfrequent cases where an outstanding piece of research has been projected by a recognized scholar (who is a brother in Alpha) and where some financial assistance from the fraternity would seem to constitute a significant social contribution.

TYPE B fellowships are similarly for those relatively infrequent and restricted cases where there may be markedly significant creative contribution which can be made by a brother with some financial assistance from the fraternity. Such projects should similarly be quite specifically conceived and described incident to any application for assistance from the fraternity.

TYPE C fellowships constitute the more frequent type of fellowship aid which the fraternity is called upon to extend.

These GRANTS-IN-AID or LOANS-INAID are made upon the following conditions: 1. That the manuscript is ready for publication and has already been preferably appraised by some reputed scholarly authority.

2. That the initial contact has been made by the applicant with one or more prospective publishers from which esti-

THE

SPHINX

mated costs and offers of publication have been received which can be submitted to the Educational Foundation.

3. That the prospective publisher and the applicant will agree to an arrangement which makes the GRANT-IN-AID in reality a LOAN-IN-AID and subject to the PRORATE REIMBURSEMENT from the income for sales of the publication (which will probably apply in relatively few instances of rather fortunate sale and demand for the publication).

4. That the applicant has other resources to provide from one-half to twothirds of the cost of publication and which thus results in the need of assistance from the fraternity for the smaller portion of the total cost of publication.

5. That the publication will carry in proper form an acknowledgement of the assistance given by the fraternity incident to its publication.

6. That three copies of the publication will be delivered to the fraternity . . . for the Archives of the General Secretary, for the files of the Director of Educational Activities and for the Office of the General President respectively.

7. That the manuscript is submitted (through the Office of the Director of Educational Activities) to the Educational Foundation for examination at the time of formal consideration of the application.

For the applications for the abovedescribed types of fellowship rid, there is not a formal application blank. The applicant is rather expected to submit full information in a descriptive letter with the available and helpful supporting documents which will enable the Educational Foundation to give adequate consideration to the application. Prospective applicants for fellowship should have the necessary preliminary correspondence with the Director of Educational Activities so that their final formal application will include all the necessary materials. s

Negro Periodicals (From page 35) Charles S. Johnson-directed "A Monthly Summary of Events and Trends in Race Relations" published by the Social Science Institute at Fisk university, for the Rosenwald Fund and the American Missionary Association.

For those who want a "Reader's Digest" selection and condensation of articles pertaining to the Negro, there is the three-year-old pocket size "Negro Digest" published at Chicago. "The Negro," coming out of St. Louis, seeks to perform a similar service.

"Newspic," news-picture magazine. that had a shoestring start in Birmingham, Alabama, live years ago. is gradually growing in stature and appeal. So, too, is "Color," news-magazine, published monthly at Charleston, West Virginia.

A taste for fiction will lead one to "Negro Story," Chicago bi-monthly, still in its first year, or to the new Fort Worth "The World's Messenger" which does not have quite the class and quality of the Chicago journal.

"Manuscript," a weekly, five-page inside-dope newsletter, emanating from Washington, D. C. costs $18.00 yearly, but gives one a highly condensed summary and forecast of events and legislation affecting the Negro.

May, 1945

ELECTED TO SIGMA XI

DR. WALTER GIBSON BROTHER WALTER W. GIBSON, head of the department of biology, LeMoyne college, Memphis, Tennessee, since 1939, has just been notified of his election to Sigma Xi, national honorary scientific society. Other professional organizations in which Brother Gibson holds membership include the American Entomological Society of America, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Tennessee Academy of Science, and Beta Kappa Chi. Graduated from Morehouse college, in 1930, with the A. B. degree. Brother Gibson received the M. A. degree at the University of Iowa, in 1934. Last year, in 1944, he was awarded the Ph. D. degree by the Ohio State university.

Dr. Gibson is married to the former Marion Lucille Vance, of Memphis, and they have one son, age 9, who, naturally, is Walter, junior. During the current summer term, Brother Gibson is guest professor in biology at Southern university, Scotlandville, Louisiana.

Add to these the several scholarly publicationsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;"Journal of Negro Education," "Journal of Negro History," "Phylon," and the "Wilberforce Quarterly"â&#x20AC;&#x201D;and you have more than a handful of organs, at least enough to keep one busy in his spare time staying abreast with what is written by and about the Negro.

ARMISTEAD S. PRIDE. s

Appointed To Fisk Faculty (From page 49) and Michigan universities and has done considerable work also at Columbia university. Brother Jackson has been teaching in the Louisville, Ky., public schools, since 1933, and for a number of years was president of the Negro teachers association in that city.

May, 1945

THE

SPHINX

Page 59

CHAPTER ECHOES FROM

ALPHA BROTHERS ITALY

IN

Alpha Phi Alpha is proud to have in its brotherhood the foremost Negro infantry combat field officer in World War II, in the person of Lt. Colonel ALONZO G. FERGUSON, native of Washington, D. C. Brother Colonel Ferguson has the distinction of commanding the 366th Infantry Regiment which is "THE ONLY ALL COLORED COMBAT INFANTRY UNIT IN THE WORLD." He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois, in 1917, majoring in architectural engineering.

He is also a charter member of Tau chapter. During his freshman year, he was outstanding on the varsity track team.

After Alpha Phi Alpha and other groups had succeeded in convincing the War Department of the practicability of opening the Officers Training School at Fort Des Moines, Iowa, the first of its kind for Negroes, Brother Ferguson was one of t h e young progressives who answered t h e challenge. He was graduated from this school and commissioned a first lieutenant of infantry in 1917. After extensive advance training of his men in France, he went into battle in command of Co. "A", 350th Machine Gun Battalion and was twice wounded during World War I. Brother Ferguson continued his military career during t h e period 1919-40, in the Officers Reserve Corps, participating m annual summer training with t h e Citizens Military Training Corps. He commanded a battalion in the 428 U. S. (Reserve) Infantry Regiment. Upon activation of the 366th Infantry at Fort Devens, early in 1941, he was recalled t o active duty with rank of major. He then attended and was graduated from the Battalion and Staff Commander's Course, Fort Benning, Georgia Promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in J u n e 1942, he has served as both battalion commander and regimental executive officer before assuming command December 15, 1944. Widely known as a specialist in machine guns. Colonel Ferguson is also an excellent and experienced infantry tactician and staff officer.

His physical stamina and ability to out-hike and out-climb many men. twenty years his junior, even since coming into combat, is legendary in the "6's", as the 366th Infantry refers to itself.

Colonel Ferguson is loved for his sense of fair play and justice to all individuals â&#x20AC;&#x201D;a most important factor in the military service. Every officer and m a n in the 366th Infantry follows him and respects him because of his ability and coolness and courage on the field of battle. A high ranking officer inspecting the regiment remarked, after noting Brother Ferguson's quiet and modest manner, "Why he is the most perfect gentleman t h a t I've ever met."

Colonel Ferguson's fine ideals and his every-day actions have helped mould the character of the officers and men of this unique unit, during t h e last four years.

A military organization is no better t h a n its commander and much of the proven success in demonstrating t o t h e world t h a t an all-colored infantry combat unit can function and achieve in battle, in keeping with the highest traditions of the American Army has rested on the shoulders of Brother Colonel Ferguson, and other brothers of our dear fraternity who assist him.

On March 10, the Colonel stated to the regiment, on Its fourth anniversary: "It Is desired t h a t every officer and man know t h a t this regiment has made Its mark on the field of battle; t h a t this regiment has

SGT

J.

PHILIP

WARING,

JR.

SERVICE COMPANY 366TH INFANTRY APO 464 N. Y. March 10, 1945 Dear Brother Jackson: As this organization today observes its fourth anniversary in the service and its first across seas, I write you news of the brothers of our dear fraternity.

Many have passed into the great beyond, others are wounded and sick in the hospitals, t h e n again many of us are still here doing our part.

You will realize of course t h a t I cannot go into tactical details as censorship regulations must not be violated. However, all news mentioned here has been p u b lished in the national Negro press. The deaths of Brothers Burke and Jenkins have been featured in the Negro press.

We feel proud of the 366th Infantry Regiment, the only all-colored combat unit in the world. Cold hard facts and records as well as the sacrifices in blood and death will prove t h a t this unit, only of its kind, has been a success regardless of whatever should happen in the future.

Kindest regards to all Brothers at home and overseas from the Alpha men in the 366th Infantry "Somewhere In Italy." Best wishes to you for success in your work.

Yours fraternally, J. PHILIP WARING, 1st Sgt. Serv. Co..

366th Inf., APO 464. N. Y. gained and held ground against stiff enemy opposition."

Assistant to Brother Ferguson is Brother Lt. Colonel James Hill Robinson, who is regimental executive officer. He is a graduate of Howard university, holds the M. A. degree from the University of Pennslyvania and Is also a graduate of the Battalion and

Staff Commanders Course. Fort Benning.

Georgia, and the Command and Staff Officer's Course. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Brother Robinson has over twenty years of military service and is a capable executive and staff officer.

A third member of the regimental staff is Brother Major Edward C. Johnson of Chicago and former athletic luminary of Wilberforce and "Xi." Major Johnson is a graduate of the Army Quartermaster School. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Command and Staff Officers Course. With over twelve years service, Brother Johnson is regimental supply officer of the unit and is considered "ace high in this theatre of operation."

Regimentai Chaplain is Brother Captain Charles Fisher, former professor of religion and philosophy, Tillison college, Texas.

He Is a graduate of Springfield and Oberlin, the Army Chaplain School. Harvard university and is a native of Boston. Chaplain Fisher is an outspoken officer and "will speak his piece."

Captain Clarence O. Lewis, Jr., is regimental dental surgeon. A native of Washington, D. C . he holds undergraduate and professional degrees from Howard university and has been a staunch brother in the bond of Alpha. An infantry officer in the Officers Reserve Corps, he was later commissioned a first lieutenant In the Dental Corps.

Assistant to the regimental supply officer and commander cf Service Company is Captain Clarence B. Wheat, native of Troy, Ohio, and graduate of Howard university. Brother Wheat was formerly an architectural engineer with an office in Washington. D. C , before being called to active duty in 1941. He is a graduate of the Battalion and Staff Commanders Course, Fort Benning, Georgia.

Regimental communication officer is Brother James H. Lee, Cleveland, Ohio.

Captain Lee crossed the sands at Xi chapter, Wilberforce. He is a graduate of Wilberforce university and the Communications Course, Fort Benning, Georgia. He has done a grand job with communications, under combat conditions of all kinds.

The assistant regimental operations officer and regimental information and education officer is Brother William C. Goings, graduate of Wilberforce university and I n fantry Basic Course, Fort Benning, Georgia.

Lieutenant Goings keeps t h e regiment informed of all current news and has enrolled many men in the Army Educational Extension Course.

Assistant regimental adjutant is First Lieutenant David Colter, Dayton, Ohio, and an honor graduate of Wilberforce university and Infantry Basic Course, Fort Benning, Georgia. Remembering basic concept of Alpha. Brother Colter organized and conducted a successful English course for a large group of men.

Regimental liaison officer is First Lieutenant Allen R. Anderson, native of West Virginia. Brother Anderson is an honor graduate of Howard university and the Battalion and Staff Commanders Course.

Fort Benning. Georgia.

One of the most active and outstanding undergraduates in the past decade is Beta's former president, First Lieutenant Edward W. Brooke. Jr., who is the only former general officer in the regiment. Brother Brooke served several years as a lay member of the executive council. Now doing an excellent job in combat, as a battalion staff intelligence officer, he is remembered by many infantry officers in this theatre as "the junior tactical wonder" while attending the Battalion and Staff Commanders

Page 60 Course. "Eddie" Brooks Is a typical Howardite and Alpha man.

Doing work in keeping with highest t r a ditions of the Army Medical Department, is battalion surgeon Captain Alvin P. M. Hall, Xenia, Ohio, graduate of Ohio u n i versity and Meharry Medical college. Brother Hall is a former president of Phi chapter.

A specialist in rifle company tactics Is Captain Harold E. Johnson, Xenla, Ohio, graduate of Wilberforce university and Motor School. Fort Bennlng, Georgia. Much enemy-held ground has been taken under his aggressive leadership.

Captain Charles H. Clarke, native of Columbus, Ohio, graduate of Ohio State; Infantry School, Fort Bennlng, Georgia; and Army Special Service School, Washington & Lee university, Virginia, is a company commander.

Several months ago, gains made by his unit were featured In the national press. Back in the states "Charlie" Clarke was known as the regimental "social contact man." He formerly worked for the SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWS ALLIANCE. Another infantry company commander, whose unit has enjoyed the taste of victory over the Jerry, is Captain Harold J. Barnett, Cleveland, Ohio. Brother Barnett is a graduate of Wilberforce, class of 1933, and was employed by the Board of Public Welfare, Cleveland, before called to active duty from the reserves. He is a member of Pi chapter.

Brother J. Philip Waring, Jr., former president of Alpha Zeta and graduate of West Virginia State, edits the regimental newspaper and last summer launched a membership drive which netted the NAACP $3500. He is First Sergeant of Service Company.

Brother Melvin W. Walker, a graduate of Wilberforce university and a native of Covington, Kentucky, commands a famous rifle company. A Purple Heart for wounds suffered in combat and a Sliver Star for gallantry In action were awarded this Alpha man recently. The story of the beach operation which he successfully directed was featured in the national press sometime ago.

For gallantry In action against the enemy, First Lieutenant Carl L. Marshall has been recommended for the Sliver Star.

He is a graduate of Wilberforce and commands a rifle company. He is a graduate of the Infantry School, Fort Bennlng, Georgia.

Brother Gabriel Alexander, a graduate of Morehouse college, was employed by his Alma Mater as assistant bursar and business manager. At present, Corporal Alexander heads the regimental battle casusty section.

Supply Sergeant of Cannon Company Is Brother John H. Snypse, graduate of South Carolina state college and former officer of Beta Delta. He is a native of Augusta, Georgia.

Brother Robert L. Alexander is a battalion operations sergeant. He is a graduate of Virginia State where he majored in music.

Sergeant Alexander Is the leader of the regimental band and has composed several songs since coming overseas.

Brother Lieutenant Colonel Oscar Randall, former battalion commander, has returned to the states after completing a tour of active duty in combat. He is now In Chicago and affiliated with Xi Lambda chapter.

Brother Everette Weeks, native of Boston, and graduate of North Carolina college, is assistant regimental supply sergeant. He has gained renown as a vocalist.

Heroic feats on the field of battle have been performed by Alpha infantrymen in the Battle of Italy. Those mentioned in this letter have already appeared In the Negro and national press.

Brother Melvin W. Walker, Covington, Kentucky, received the Sliver Star for gallantry in combat. A combat patrol of which he was a member crossed an enemy Observed canal, going up Into the German

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lines. Inflicting casualties, capturing prisoners, and destroying strong points and installations. Brother Walker continued onward and upward into fire and across a heavily-mined beach, directing operations.

His own rifle failed to fire because of exposure to the salt water. Brother Walker repeatedly exposed himself t o enemy fire to draw return fire so t h a t more of t h e enemy could be located. After the mission was accomplished, the patrol started back across the mined beach Into the sea back toward friendly territory. Heavy artillery and mortar fire pinned them down continuously, b u t Lieutenant Walker assisted with the evacuation of the wounded and directed his unit back to safety. Brother Walker is now company commander of this rifle unit.

Brother Lieutenant Graham H. Jenkins of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was in command of an advance detachment far out In the lines, along with Kappa Alpha Psi's Lieutenant John R. Fox of Cincinnati, when a major German attack was launched. These two officers immediately grouped their attached enlisted personnel into a house and made a strong point. Next, headquarters in the rear was notified. Lieutenant Fox climbed up into a high, exposed position and became artillery observer while Brother Jenkins began to operate the radio.

This combination directed intense allied artillery fire on the advancing horde Inflicting heavy casualties.

The Germans were In such force, however, t h a t they continued to come forward. Brother Jenkins directed fire within sixty yards of their own strong point. At this stage it would have been possible for t h e two officers and their small courageous group t o withdraw but they chose to stay. Brother Jenkins then directed fire on Jerry twentyfive yards from his position. The enemy came towards the yard of building. The artillery stated they were reluctant to fire any closer to t h e American strong point. Jerry started into the yard. Brother Jenkins directed t h a t an Intense smoke screen be laid b u t this was not heavy enough. Seeing t h a t they would be overrun, Jenkins called for the battery to place every shell It could on his own position as the Germans came Into the door. He called Brother Lieutenant Colonel James H. Robinson, telling him t h a t he was destroying the radio, signing off, and would try to fight their way out.

The surprise German major attack had been halted due to the sacrifice of the heroic defenders in the forward artillery observation post.

The Americans had called reserves up and launched a counterattack which threw the Jerry back. The entire sector was now safe. Soldiers in Italy speak with feverence when the names of Alpha's Jenkins and Kappa's Fox are mentioned. These infantry officers of the "only all-colored combat Infantry u n i t " in the world have given their lives so t h a t others might live.

Another epic tale is told of Brother Lieutenant Henry C. P. Burke, graduate of Virginia State, the Infantry School, OGS, and the Army Mine and Pioneer School, Fort Hood, Texas. He volunteered to go out and direct a dangerous night operation which had to do with placing protective mine fields out in "no man's land."

After the greater part of his mission had been accomplisher. First Lieutenant Burke was fatally wounded. He is a native of Richmond, Virginia, t a u g h t in the public schools of t h a t city and is survived by a wife and young son. He was an accomplished musician and had composed a song since coming overseas. J. PHILIP WARING

ALPHA CHAPTER Ithaca, New York Alpha chapter welcomed a new brother into the fraternity on December 16, 1944.

The initiate. Brother Harry Hazelwood, Jr.,—a student in the Cornell law school— suffered a rather strenuous and trying eve-

May, 1945 ning but, nevertheless, he was able to Join the banquet which followed the initiation ceremonies. Brother Alfred E. Brown of Jersey City, N. J., a sophomore at Cornell, was chairman of the initiation committee.

Incidentally, Brother Brown played basketball for Cornell during the past season.

The details of the delicious dinner were handled by the steward of Alpha chapter Brother William Lee Thomas. The menu was as complete as war time restrictions would allow, and was modeled after the dinners given by Alpha chapter some thirty-five years ago. This part of the program terminated with the brotherhood smoke and the singing of the Alpha hymn.

The president of Alpha chapter, Brother G. A. Galvin, M. D.. then presided, while an after-dinner program of inspiring speeches concerning the present, past and future of Alpha was presented. The vice president, Brother Marco Baeza, a senior at Cornell, the secretary, Brother Albert P. Johnson, D. D. S., and corresponding secretary, Brother Frederick B. Franklin, took part.

We looked forward to having Jewel George B. Kelley present at our ceremonies b u t he was unable to be with us The meeting was held at the South Side Community Center of Ithaca, New York, in Fraternity Hall, the club room of Alpha chapter. The center is directed by Brother « ? k i ' n ' f o r m e r l y o f Boston, Massachusetts.

Alpha chapter opened the 1945 season by giving a smoker. Guests of the chapter at the smoker were Lee Prltchard, John Claire, and Walter Turner, all of Syracuse university, and Dwight Foster of the Cornell graduate school.

The members of Alpha chapter are doing their best to keep aloft the banner of Alpha Phi Alpha, both academically and in extra-curricula activities. Alpha chapter also sponsors a program designed to aid the community. As part of this program, Alpha frequently sponsors forums in the local churches on current topics affecting the Negro.

At the conclusion of the winter semester, Alpha brothers gathered to pay tribute to our dear Brother Baeza, of New York City, who was graduated from Cornell university, having majored in plant breeding and plant bacteriology. Brother Baeza held a Le Fevre scholarship while an undergraduate, and we are happy to announce t h a t he has again been awarded this scholarship, for further graduate research towards his Master's degree. A Le Fevre scholarship is one of the highest scholarships awarded at Cornell.

Brother Harry Hazelwood of Newark, N. J., has Just completed two semesters as president of the Cornell law school student association. He is the first Negro student ever to hold such a position.

Brother Hazelwood is a graduate of Rutgers university.

Brother Gustavus Martin, who attended the University of California in Los Angeles, before coming to Ithaca, is now in the air forces and is receiving training at Tuskegee. Before entering the service, Brother Martin had the distinction of being the only Negro instructor on the Navy V-12 program, as a flight Instructor, and had over 2000 hours in the air to his credit.

Brother Charles Robinson, of Madison, N. J., was graduated from the school of veterinary medicine at Cornell and is now in the armed forces. Brother Walter L Fields, also of Madison, N. J., who was working toward his Ph. D„ at Cornell, is now in the maritime school at Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, N. Y. Brother Charles Cassell of Washington, D. C , who was a Junior in the school of architecture is now in the armed forces. Brother Alfred Brown has also entered the service.

Alpha chapter sincerely hopes t h a t all Alpha brethren and all Alpha chapters will have a successful year.

Fraternally, HARRY HAZELWOOD

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May, 1945 THETA CHAPTER Chicago, Illinois Theta chapter got off with a bang, after receiving the reports from our General Convention held in Atlantic City. An entirely new chapter administration was then set up to carry on work already begun by the acting administration. New officers elected were: Kenneth C. Pangburn. president; Edward Cruit, vice president; Nelson E. Woodley, secretary; John H. Mims, recording secretary; Arlander Brown, treasurer; Robert Burns, chaplain. It is the anticipation of the new administration to keep Alpha Phi Alpha foremost in the hearts and minds of the people by vivid exemplification of our motto, "First of all, and servants of all." Another progressive move of the new administration was the initiating of a reclamation campaign for brothers throughout the city. The campaign has been successful so far.

Brother and Mrs. Frank C. King, Jr., are the proud parents of Frank C. King III, a pre-convention baby, born October 3, 1944.

Frank III made his entry into the world weighing 8 pounds and 2 ounces. His favorite pastime is teething on a past issue of the SPHINX and he takes his father for midnight walks regularly.

Theta chapter recently escorted three neophyte brothers across the burning sands, in the persons of Brother Emmerson James of George Williams college; Brother Cornelius Parrish of Loyola university and Brother Seaman Frank Crosby, a Naval V-12 student at Illinois institute of technology.

Fraternally, JOHN MIMS s

MU CHAPTER St. Paul - Minneapolis, Minnesota The regular monthly meeting of the chapter was held at the home of Brother A. J. Lewis on the evening of March 8.

Members present were: John R. Lawrence, Jr., John M. Patton, S. Vincent Owens, Charles Rogers, Archie James, James T. Wadlaw, Jesse W. Miller, Ransom Goins and Claiborne C. Hill. After the meeting, a delightful buffet supper was served by Brother and Mrs. Lewis.

The members of Mu chapter were highly honored Tuesday evening, March 27, to have had as their guest our general president, Brother Rayford W. Logan, of Howard university, Washington, D. C. The chapter gave a Bmoker in Brother Logan's honor, this being the first time t h a t Mu chapter had been visited by a general president, excepting Brother Ramond W. Cannon, who always has seemed a part of us, as he was one of the founders of Mu chapter.

Brother Logan's address to the chapter was very inspirational, to say the least. He outlined, in detail, the program that Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity has set for itself. Not only is this program national, b u t also international, in scope. It has to do with such intricate problems as the "GI Bill of Rights" and the Mandated Colonies. Take it from all of us, Brother Logan "has a plenty on the old ball."

But, be t h a t as it may, the thing t h a t seems to stand out above all others is the fact t h a t Brother Logan makes you feel as though he is just one of the boys.

Members present at the smoker were: Rayford W. Logan, Ramond W. Cannon, John Hickman, Jr., Jasper Gibbs, John R. Lawrence, Jr., John M. Patton, William Cassius, Earl Weber, Robert Johnson, S. Vincent Owens, James T. Wadlaw, Charles Rogers, Leon Smith, Lawrence Wright, and Claiborne C. Hill. The stag was given at the home of Brother Dr. Earl S. Weber.

Fraternally, CLAIBORNE C. HILL

P S I CHAPTER Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Greetings Brothers in Alpha Phi Alpha: Psi chapter Is setting out on a bigger

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and better program for the coming year under the leadership of its newly elected officers. William Griffin, president; John W. Jones, vice-president; Robert Foindexter. recording secretary; Eugene Hunter, corresponding secretary; Ernest Smith, treasurer; John C. Ore, chapter editor; John K. Custus, chaplain; and, Robert Gilmore, sergeant-at-arms.

As was the theme of the Convention at Atlantic City, centered around postwar planning, so is Psi in accord with the achieving of such a goal. To us in Psi, we deem it a necessity since almost one-half of the younger group on our rolls is in the armed services. This theme has been instilled in our pledge group and we hope to have it so imbedded in our course of duty t h a t it will become, in part, mechanical with us. Already, committees have been founded toward this endeavor and the progress has been very encouraging.

Psi has had to forego its annual Relay Prom, which usually is the prom of the year, because we have yielded to the curfew laws of the nation. We are endeavoring, as a substitute, to stage a huge banquet, where we can fete some of our noted and out-of-town brothers.

Psi pays tribute to its 41 members in the service, of which some 30 or 35 are officers. At a glance, we note in England, Captain Frank Morris; in France, Captain Lindsay Strothers, Lieutenants Pope, Polk, Martin; in Italy, Lieutenant Eddie Campbell; in the South Pacific, Leonard Logan, Jimmy Howard; in the states, Lieutenants Clarke, Cuyget, H. Cuyget, S., I. Grant, M. Henry, L. Henry, Waugh, Wilson. Other brothers include J. Peacock, E. Feacock, J. Spriggs, W. Logan; and Red Cross Directors G. Drummond, Roger Gordon, Everett J o h n son, and Raymond Miller.

Until next time then, Fraternally yours, JOHN C. ORE. JR. s

ALPHA UPSILON Detroit, Michigan Greetings to Brothers Everywhere!

Although it has been quite some times since you have heard from us through t h e SPHINX, I am happy to report t h a t this chapter is still going strong.

Last December, we sent two delegates to the General Convention.

They were Brothers Robert Thomas and Clifton Griffith. They did a fine job of representing this chapter, and brought us a complete report of the convention.

At the first meeting in January, the following brothers look over their newly elected offices. Gus Ogletree, president: Henry Wallace, vice-president and dean of pledges; Noah B. Turner, secretary; Edward Glenn, corresponding secretary and editor of the SPHINX; Henry Cade, treasurer; Clifton Griffith, parliamentarian; and Robert Thomas, chaplain.

Our first event of the year, was a "Call to Worship Service" t h a t was held at Plymouth Congregational church on the first Sunday in January. We sent out a call to all Greeks and their friends to start the year off right by attending church services. We received a hearty response and the service was enjoyed by all.

Four brothers from other chapters came to us In January, and we are very proud of them, for they are very active in all of our undertakings. They are: Brother Ccidell Robinson, formerly of Southern u n i versity, now a student in the college of music at Wayne university; Brother Kenneth Vernon, formerly of Alabama state college, who at present is busily engaged in war work, b u t always finds time to take an active part in our meeting; Brother Cecil Reeves, formerly of Fisk university, now a professional si lger, and student at the Detroit conservatory of music; and Brother John Long, loroerly of LeMoyne college, at present a government inspector, and studying radio engineering.

Page 61 In February, we held our annual Installation Banquet and Sweethearts Ball. The banquet was officially opened with a prayer by the chaplain, t h e n there was a toast to Alpha with champagne after which a delightful dinner was served.

The highlight of t h e banquet was a talk

by Brother Lovelace, our regional director. In his talk, he told us t h a t our own Robert Thomas had been elected as the undergraduate midwestern vice-president.

This came as a very pleasant surprise.

A beautifully engraved plaque was presented to Brother Noah B. Turner for being the most efficient brother of the year.

The wives and sweethearts of the brothers (and I must say here t h a t the brothers really have a taste for beauty, and t h a t goes double for most of them) were given a beautiful gold bow with Alpha Phi Alpha swinging vertically from the knot of the bow. Our queen, the beautiful Miss Annie Fontanna, was presented an engaged compact.

The gavel was presented to Brother Ogletree, our president for 1945, by Brother Holland, our former president. After the acceptance speech by Brother Ogletree, the officers of the coming year were Introduced and a toast was given to their success, then dancing was enjoyed by all for t h e rest of the evening. Brother Robert Arnold served as Toastmaster.

Our smoker for freshmen and new students was held at the fraternity house and was carried out in typical Alpha fashion. Brother Dr. Fostals was our main speaker. His message was enjoyed by allâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; and we had cigarettes too!

We have a complete program outlined for the coming year, but we dare not comment at this time for the majority of the chapter is in 1-A. However, come what may, it is a sure thing t h a t Alpha Upsilon will forever hold the light high.

To the brothers in service and all the chapters in Alpha, we are wishing you much success in all your undertakings.

Fraternally yours, NOAH B. TURNER -S

ALPHA ALPHA CHAPTER Cincinnati, Ohio Greetings: Alpha Alpha chapter is up and doing.

The morale of our chapter is at a new high.

We have made a cash contribution to the pool of funds for the Convalescent hospital at Fort Thomas, Kentucky, just across the Ohio river. In this manner, we are definitely taking a stand against segregated units in this, a federal project.

Our Civic Committee has done a splendid Job in aiding in the fight for a Federal FEPC bill. A health program was sponsored by us at the Walnut Hills YMCA, on April 5. 1945. Our president, Brother Dr. Robert Brown, delivered the principal ; ddress and Brother Dr. William Springer stressed the importance of dental hygiene.

Brother Matthew Fairfax was chairman of this meeting.

Brother Dr. Artie Matthews, director and founder of the Cosmopolitan school of music (accreditee: by the University of Cincinnati in 1924) has just received word from the state department of education stating t h a t his school has been approved as an institution to train war veterans, under public law 346, 78th Congress. War veterans have already begun to take advantage of the "GI Bill of Rights" and several have enrolled to study the various orchestral instruments.

A former president of this chapter.

Brother John Fleming, is with the Allied armies on the continent.

Many other brothers are doing their bit t o help and speed the day of victory for t h e Allies. We pray for their safety wherever they may be, on land or at sea.

Fraternally, H. HANNIBAL HULL

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May, 1945

ALPHA UPSILON FETES WIVES AND SWEETHEARTS

P i c t u r e d above a r e t h e wives and s w e e t h e a r t s of b r o t h e r s in Alpha Upsilon chapter, Detroit, Michigan, w h o w e r e guests at the A n n u a l Installation B a n q u e t and S w e e t h e a r t s Ball.

Shown (left to right) first row: Mrs. Cecil Reeves, Walta Mae Simpson, Mildred Blout, Gus Ogletree, P a u l i n e McKinney, L a B r e n t h a Glenn. Sally Giles; second row: (left to right) Lucy Howard, Mary Lou Davis, Ruedell Powell, G e r a l d i n e Woodson,

BETA IOTA LAMBDA CHAPTER Baton Rouge, Louisiana Greetings. Brother Alphas: Beta Iota Lambda boasts of having t h e greatest number of members in the history of the chapter. There are 31 persons listed on t h e chapter's roster, five of whom are in the armed services.

On Friday night. December 8, the chapter presented Brother J. Harold Brown, compoK-r-pianist, in the McKinley high school auditorium, in a program of original compositions and arrangements, both vocal and instrumental. Brother Brown who was assisted by the Bron Sextette, a female group of singers, heads t h e music division of Southern university and is our chapter assistant secretary. Brother Brown's recital was the crowning feature of an "Alpha Sweetheart" contest sponsored by the Alphaettes. This contest was won by Miss Maude Davis, McKinley high school student. The chapter plans to make this type of activity an annual affair.

Beta Iota Lambda feels rather chesty over the honor extended it through elections held at t h e annual convention.

Brother Dr. Reid E. Jackson, elected editor

A n n a F o n t a n n a , Ernestine Matthews, Zelma Smith, Bernice Miller; third row: (left to right) Pfc. F r e n c h Hunter, Robert Thomas, Clifton Griffith, Noah B. Turner, William N. Lovelace, Allen Holland, Cecil Reeves, Cordell Robinson, Pvt. L a m a r Binion; fourth row: (left to right) H e n r y Cade, H e n r y Wallace, Eddie Glenn, K e n n e t h Vernon.

of the SPHINX, is our chapter president: Brother William H. Gray, elected Southern regional vice-president, is one of the charter members of our chapter.

One of the recent activities of t h e chapter was to bring three new brothers into the folds of Alphadom.

The neophyte brothers are Prince B. Boston, Southern university teacher, Martin Harvey. Southern university dean of men, and Caesar B. Piper. Jr., principal of the McKinley high school.

Brothers B. V. Baranco, Jr.. Frank Render, and Maurice Edmonds were t h e motivating spirits in the formation of the local Pan-Hellenic Civic Council.

The latest news sheet to leave the press is "Bilapa," official organ of this chapter. This news release is edited by our efficient secretary. Brother James Boswell, and is meaty with doings of the chapter.

Interested citizens, throughout the state, have on foot a movement for the erection of a monument to the memory of our brother, the late Dr. J. S. Clark, founderpresident of Southern university.

Brother Reid E. Jackson, chapter president, discussed t h e role of Negro colleges in the postwar era, during a special meet-

ing recently of the Sigma Lambda chapter in New Orleans. The meeting was held in honor of Dr. Rayford W. Logan, our general president.

Fraternally yours, A. E. CARTER

BETA K A P P A CHAPTER Langston, Oklahoma Beta Kappa greets all brother chapters of Alpha Phi Alpha, in this issue of t h e SPHINX. In spite of the war's toll on our men students, we are again active.

On February 17, Beta Kappa brought into the fold four new members; namely, Bobby J. Arterberry, Arthur B. Matthews, Roosevelt F. McKinley, and Ernest Smith.

The initiation was followed by a feed and smoker, after which the group serenaded the dormitories. Monday evening, February 19, Beta Kappa entertained its new brothers with a dinner dance in the Home Economics Lounge.

During Negro History Week. Brother Jarrett spoke over station WKY and Dr. R. P. Perry delivered the main address on Negro History Week Program. Brother Eugene Jesse Brown exhibited a one-man

May, 1945 watercolor show in Oklahoma City's Town Hall Art Center, from February 18 to March 3, 1945.

On Sunday, March 18. Beta Kappa celebrated its Founder's Day in t h e usual style—vesper program and banquet following. This year the program was dedicated to our men in service. Brother Emery H. Jennings gave the address.

Visiting brothers with us were Dr. DeKoven French, Dr. Williams, Charles Adams, Kermit O. Tucker, Jimmie Ellison, Toby Owens, Tanzy Lockridge, and Herman Duncan, all from Beta Chi Lambda at Muskogee, Oklahoma.

Also present were Brothers Anderson Lonlan of Crescent, Oklahoma, and Luther Elliott of Enid. Oklahoma.

New Sphinxmen are Jack Jordan, Aidmore; Booker Sayles, Tulsa; Benjamin Fields. Shawnee: LaVerne Harris, Broken Bow; James McMillan, Mineral Wells, Texas; James Roy Johnson, Erastus Coleman, Amos Stevenson, Wewoka; James Duke. Wewoka; Monroe Cosey, Ardmore; and C'laxton Nails, Tulsa.

Fraternally, ROOSEVELT McKINLEY. s

BETA NU CHAPTER Tallahassee, Florida Greetings Brothers of Alphadom: Here at Beta Nu, we have been steadily and sanely driving upon the Alpha highway.

Being most cognizant t h a t Alpha must lead aright, we stand couargeously holding up the name. With "Alpha Phi Alpha, First of all; Servants of all; We transcend all" foremost In our minds, we work on with great eagerness t o serve our fellowmen.

Still emphasizing and upholding that those who cross the folds of Alphadom must stand out as men among men. Beta Nu admitted to the folds of Alphadom neophyte brothers Edmond Hartzel DeBose of Gainesville, Florida, and James Lamar Gant of Bainbridge, Georgia. These two neophytes crossed the burning sands, imbued with the true Alpha Spirit. They swelled the chapter roster to three who exemplify the essence of high ideals on Famcee's campus. Working harmoniously with these undergraduates are 15 graduate "Apes" of the campus and vicinity. Beta Nu is under the leadership of Brother Albert M. Mackey of Jacksonville, Florida.

ACTIVITIES — Upholding "Scholarship, Manly deeds and Love for all mankind," Beta Nu's "Apes" and its Sphinxmen lead t h e way for other organizations to still follow. Brother President Albert M. Mackey serves as president of the college sophomore class, adjutant in the college battalion, dean of liberal arts and sciences on student government day, and is the highest-average student on t h e campus.

Having matriculated at Famcee for three semesters to date, he has made three point averages for two semesters and a 2.9 average the other one. Brother James L. Gant serves as vice-president and dean of pledges, a member of the college choir and men's glee club, a member of the Rattlers' team, a corporal in t h e college battalion, and a member of the college dramatic association. He is constantly playing the leading role in the college plays. Brother Edward H. DeBose was called to t h e army immediately after his initiation. He is now stationed a t Camp Lee, Virginia. The cumulative average of these Apes stands above all fraternal organizations on the campus and is of honor roll status. The Alphas march on.

SPHINXMEN—Treading the path of their big brothers, the Sphinxmen proudly repeat "When better men are made, Alpha will make t h e m " and work most arduously to keep their lead among t h e noble things of life. Sphinxmen Charles Smith, 3.0 student; Rayfield McGee, 2.4 student; Dave Johnson, 2.5 student; Emory Howell, 2.2 student; Alphonso Allen. 2.3 student, and Johnny Jones, 2.4 student, distinguished themselves among t h e intellectuals by being six of t h e nine men who mads the

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honor roll at t h e college for the first semester.

Sphinxmen Livingston Forbes, president of t h e club, Everett Butler, Virgil Johnson, James Cheeseborough, Joseph Statom, George Exum, Louis Meteye, Josephus Abrams, and Julian Adderly contribute their share as aspiring "Apes" by taking active parts in the various campus activities. As these Sphinxmen work. study, and play, they daily sing and pray that the day will come when they can become noble Alpha Men. Beta Nu has tentatively planned its Education-For-Citizenship program t o include a program in the college auditorium, one at the city public high school and another in one of the churches in the community. Awards will be made to the most-well-rounded-student at the college and the high school and to the most serviceable community leader at the church.

Graduate brothers working with us are: Brother Dr. William H. Gray, Southern vicepresident, and president of Florida A. and M. college; Brother M. G. Miles, chairman of the graduate brothers and dean of men a t the college; Brother E. E. Ware. Sr., chairman of the advisory committee to the undergraduates, head of the college science department and coach of the college debating society; Brother A. W. Wright, principal of the college demonstration high school; Brother Gilbert L. Porter, principal of Lincoln high school of the city and treasurer of the state teachers association; Brother Charles W. Wood, patriot dramatist and assistant to the dean of men; Brother George Engram, secretary to the graduate brothers and electrician professor in the college: Brother William Morris, president of the Tallahassee civic league and manager of the Afro-American life insurance company, branch office; Brother L. A. Marshall, state director of vocational teachers; Brother Dr. W. H. Baker, city physician and visiting professor at college hospital; Brother J. D. Brown. "czar" of college dramatics and a professor of english; Brother Robert P. Griffin. college line coach and instructor of physical education; and, Brother H. N. Neilson, head college coach of football and basketball, who lead t h e mighty rattlers to a double championship, SIAC football and basketball. Sail on brothers until we meet!

Fraternally.

JAMES L. GANT s

OMICRON LAMBDA CHAPTER Birmingham, Alabama Omicron Lambda chapter has gotten started with a bang in the first quarter of this fiscal year.

Up to the present date we have made the following accomplishments: (1) the program for the year has been submitted and approved. In the program as set, the following fields will be covered: (a) education (b) politics (c) social (d) religion; (2) the budget has been set; (3) for the first time, since 1935, a candidate has been approved for the crossing of the b u r n ing sands; and (4) all committees are functioning.

Our chapter has had the following outstanding brothers during t h e first quarter: Attorney Thurgood Marshall; W. H. Gray, our Southern vice-president and president of Florida A. & M. college; H. C. Trenholm, our educational director and president of State teachers college; Dr. Cohen T. Simpson, science department of the State teachers college; J. G. Hardy, candidate for his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin: Frederick G. Hall, music department of the State teachers college; and J. Jones, principal of Shelby county training school. Brother Gray gave us an inspiring talk, stressing the national and regional perspective of our fraternity. Brother Trenholm gave us some highlights on our educational program as it relates to the undergraduate, the graduate, and our public program for

Page 63 citizenship. All of the other guest brothers gave inspiring words to us. I might say the occasion was a luncheon given at Ullman high school, of which our president, Brother George C. Bell, is principal.

Our other social occasion for this quarter was a smoker given at the home of Brother Preston Evans, honoring our Brother Thurgood Marshall, who was here to team with our own Brother Attorney Arthur D. Shores to fight for equalization in education for the Jefferson county teachers us filed by our own Brother William J. Bolden, who is at present principal of the Leeds high school.

We are hoping to break our record this year and hope Alphadom will hold the torch high all over the world.

Fraternally, MAJOR A. BROWN s

Elected Student Conference President

BROTHER C H A R L E S D. PROCTOR. former lay m e m b e r of t h e executive council and, presently, teaching assistant in the d e p a r t m e n t of chemistry, Fisk university, on April 15, at the liberal University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. was elected president of the newly-organized Conference of Southern Students, an interracial group assembled to "actively defend the ideals of h u m a n justice, freedom and democratic action."

During t h e one-day session, resolutions w e r e passed endorsing the Bretton Woods and D u m b a r t o n Oaks proposals and reco m m e n d i n g to the San Francisco World Security Conference that "there be included in the a g r e e m e n t an international 'Bill of Rights' assuring, a m o n g others, t h e Rights of all people regardless of color, race, or creed, and t h e r i g h t of petition."

The forty-nine delegates, which included 14 Negro students representing Tuskegee institute, P h i l a n d e r Smith college B e t h u n e Cookman college, Atlanta university, Bennett college, North Carolina state college, Fisk university, M e h a r r y medical college, Tennessee state college Hampton institute, and Virginia Union university, came from the thirteen southern states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississin pi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South (Turn to P a g e 66)

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Page 64 SIGMA LAMBDA CHAPTER New Orleans, Louisiana In keeping with the program of t h e fraternity, Sigma Lambda chapter recently met at t h e residence of Brother C. C. Haydel to discuss "The Role of the Negro College in the Postwar Society." The discussion was led by three well-known educators, in the Louisiana area.

Brother Rudolph Moses, dean of t h e college, Dillard u n i versity, Brother Dr. Francis Hammond, associate professor of philosophy, Xavier university; and Brother Dr. Reid E. Jackson, director of t h e division of education, Southern university, and Editor of t h e SPHINX. Brothers Moses and Hammond discussed t h e role of the private colleges In t h e postwar era, while Brother Jackson discussed t h e role of the state-supported college in t h e same era. The discussion brought out t h e fact t h a t all colleges must gear themselves t o t h e specific needs of the returning veterans.

The chapter also had as its guest, Brother General President Dr. Rayford W.

SPHINX

Logan. Brother Logan had come to New Orleans t o speak t o t h e New Orleans teachers association. Brother Logan delivered a masterful address. While at t h e meeting of Sigma Lambda, he discussed with the brothers t h e probable effects of t h e San Francisco conference on the postwar society. He also* spoke concerning some of the work of the Atlantic City Convention.

Brothers from Beta Phi chapter at Dillard university were also present to greet t h e two national officers who were present.

Brother Jackson also outlined t h e policy of the SPHINX. Following t h e discvission, t h e brothers were treated to a real Alpha Phi Alpha banquet.

The banquet preparation was under the personal direction of Brother John L. Procope, chapter social committee chairman. Brother Procope. who recently turned "benedict" was assisted by Mrs. Procope, Mrs. Haydel and t h e wife of t h e chapter president, Mrs. Segre. The program was planned by Brother A. P. Tureaud's program committee, being the fourth In a series of programs which Sigma Lambda

May, 1945 has sponsored and which have been previously reported in t h e SPHINX. Fraternally, WALTER A. MORIAL. s

TAU LAMBDA CHAPTER Nashville, Tennessee In extending greetings t o you, Tau Lambda wishes to express its deep sense of gratitude to the entire membership of the Alpha fraternity for t h e honor bestowed upon three of its members, at the recent general session in Atlantic City, when Brother M. G. Ferguson, former regional director, was elected general treasurer of the fraternity; Brother Atty. W. D. Hawkins, Jr., chairman of t h e auditing committee, and Brother A. L. Allen, (better known as "Bull" Allen) regional director.

These brothers, in t h e discharge of their duties, will reflect honor and respect as well as Justly your evident trust in their integrity. It is a distinct pleasure for t h e members of Tau Lambda chapter to greet them.

Tau Lambda's monthly meetings are

SIGMA LAMBDA FETES GENERAL PRESIDENT AND SPHINX EDITOR

On Tuesday, May 15, t h e brothers of Sigma L a m b d a chapter, N e w Orleans, assembled in t h e palatial residence of Brother Dr. C. C. Haydel to participate in a forum on " T h e Role of t h e Negro College in t h e P o s t w a r Society." P r e s e n t as special guests w e r e G e n e r a l P r e s i d e n t Logan a n d S p h i n x Editor Jackson. Shown in t h e p i c t u r e a r e : first r o w (left to right) Wesley Segre, J. L. Procope, a n d B. A. Milton: second row, O. A. Blanchet, J. M. Ross, A. P . T u r e a u d , a n d

Walter King; third row, A. C. Priestly, A. J. Young, Rayford W. Logan, Reid E. Jackson, and Walter Morial; fourth row, Rene Rousseve, Whitney Haydel, Rudolph Moses, J. L a w son Murry, N u m a Rousseve, Robert Harrison and George Morton; last row, Francis Hammond, Edgar P . Harney, Benjamin Quarles, Allegretto Alexander, Sgt. Robert B. Rice, Lionel Desbordes, a n d J a m e s B e r n a r d .

May, 1945 more and more becoming great radiating nucleuses from which flow dovetailing Impetuses t h a t seem to fit perfectly Into the patterns of Individual and group efforts local and general, as to give rise to far-reaching results in our community life.

Evidence of this was noted in the selection recently of the president of the chapter, Brother C. H. Webster, as chairman of the colored division of the Red Cross drive here in our city; and Brother M. G. Ferguson who was elected president of the local branch of the NAACP, and another member of the chapter elected to two positions of trust and integrity.

These meetings, with two or more brothers serving as hosts In cooperation with the program committee, display an interest t h a t is reflected In the earnest thoroughness with which the assignees go about their work. In t h e December meeting, Brothers Kelly, Morris and A. A. Taylor, in a unique and most comprehensive manner, reviewed the "three bell book" (What The Negro Wants) by our own National President Brother Rayford W. Logan.

The January meeting with Brothers Atty. W. D. Watkins, Jr., and St. Elmo Brady in the role of hosts, detoured a bit to listen to the reports of those who went from the chapter as representatives and alternates to the General Convention In Atlantic City. It was at this meeting t h a t the newly-elected general officers were presented to the group. Then, the February meeting came with Brothers Moses McKissack Jr., and William May as hosts, highlighted by Brother Roy Bartley James Campbell's spicy and characteristic summary of Bingo Dismond's "We Who Would Die," a rare book of rare poems. The March meeting, with Brothers A. A. Taylor and J. R. Anderson, featured Brother Kean, athletic director at the A. and I. state college of this city, in a most pleasing address on the "Negro in Athletics."

The same familiar mannerisms and characteristics t h a t are so well known to t h o u sands of Brother Kean's admirers, together with ready wit, easy manner of expression, and factual examples enabled him to engineer the thinking of the group into an athletic atmosphere of conviction t h a t left no doubt of his mastery.

New brothers from out-of-town and formally connected with other chapters but now living in Nashville, have Joined up with Tau Lambda. Among them are Brother Alphus W. Brooks, formerly of Charlotte, North Carolina, now manager-incharge of the South Street center of this city, and Brother Robert Rivers, formerly of Jackson, Tennessee, now stationed here in Nashville.

With this membership gain, Tau Lambda has lost two of her regular number; Brother Elmer Kelly to the armed forces, and Brother Rueben W. Allen, former vicepresident of the chapter, to Dayton. Ohio. where he is to assume a more responsible position in the insurance field. Brother Lloyd Alexander was elected to take Brother R. W. Allen's place as vice-president. Brother Alexander is in the biological department at Fisk university. Brother Kelly's position as sergeant-at-arms was filled by Brother J. K. Petway.

Brother Miller, with the Supreme Liberty Life insurance company of St. Louis, rather regarded as an annual visitor to Tau Lambda, with fraternal cheer and goodwill, dropped in to look upon the group in session. Brother Robert Dockery of the U. S. Army Air Force, stationed at Tuskegee as Brother Ferguson's company, came by to greet the bunch, and found Brother W. L. Fant of Jackson, Tennessee present in the same role as himself. The chapter was very happy to have these brothers to drop In and spend a few fraternal hours with old acquaintances and to meet Tau Lambda's brotherhood.

With the same officers being re-elected for t h e year, except two very necessary changes, Tau Lambda appears t o indorse the continuance of the program t h a t has

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so well reactivated the chapter spirit among the brothers. Not alone has It served well its enactment in this manner b u t It. too, has become a reliable foundation upon which greater efforts, progressive and profound, conforming to postwar demands of vital local needs in our community, may well be established. And from this vantage point t h e chapter looks forward to 1945 as being the greatest year for initiates and accomplishments in its history. The force is in motion, the audience is present the stage is set, only the play is to begin Fraternally, I. L. MOORE. PHI LAMBDA CHAPTER Raleigh, North Carolina Greetings: Brothers in Alpha Phi Alpha: We, of Phi Lambda, take this opportunity to tell brothers of our chapter activities during the year. Although, we have lost several brothers to the war Jobs, the armed services, and t o other chapters, we are trying t o carry on in the Alpha style. Our meetings have been interesting and well attended. We have continued again this year our very successful procedure of previous years, in holding a business-social meeting once a month.

These meetings are held in the homes of the brothers according to a rotating schedule. All brothers are privileged to bring their wives and lady guests to the designated place of the social feature and the ladles are entertained with varied games, including cards, among themselves while the brothers are in the business session. Following the business session the brothers Join the lady guests in the planned activities of the evening followed bv a service prepared by the hosts, the expense of which is taken care of from the entertainment fund of the chapter budget b o t h e r s s e e m t o en ! ' ,lady guests.

J 째 y t n e fellowshipH of, ' Ltheir GENERAL PRESIDENT LOGAN'S VISIT We were pleased to have as our guest at a smoker on Saturday, February 17 our general president. Brother Rayford' W Logan, who was the guest of Shaw university and Saint Augustine's college in their joint program, in celebration of Negro History Week. Brother Logan brought to us some interesting excerpts of the Atlantic t-ity Convention and commented on the plans for 1945. Beta Rho chapter Joined Phi Lambda in 'elicitating Brother Logan on this occasion

NEW J BROTHERS WELCOMED We welcorr ed to the chapter in January Brother Will am Russell Strassner who came to Shaw university to serve as dean of the schoc' of religion. Brother S t r a i ner was forrr erly dean at Bishop college in Marshall, Te as. ; OUTSTAN :>ING ACHIEVEMENTS OF BROTHERS The National Scout divisional executive committee arnounced recently the appointment of Brother Doctor Robert P Daniel president of Shaw university, as a member of its recently established committee on relationships Brother Daniel, a champion of the national scout movement among Negroes, has served as chairman of the Local council and chairman of the divisional committee of the Occoneechee council. He has received several awards in recognition of his outstanding services in the scouting movement, including the Silver Beaver Award, presented on January 24, 1942. According to a statement by Secretary Fretwell, of Boy Scouts of America, the work assigned to the committee includes advisory assistance t o rural protestant, catholic, Jewish, civic and fraternal scout organizations.

Brother Allen E. Weatherford, dean of men and director of physical education activities at Saint Augustine's college is congratulated upon his article on "Recreation in t h e Negro Church of North Caro-

Page 65 lina," which appeared in a recent edition of the Journal of Negro Education.

The following officers are on the Job to keep Phi Lambda active and alive during 1945: president. Brother Herndon Toole, Instructor in Washington high school; vice-president, A. E. Weatherford. dean of men and director of physical education activities at Saint Augustine's college; secretary, George F. Newell, field scout executive of the Occoneechee council. Boy Scouts of America; assistant secretary, H. C. Ferrin, professor of chemistry at Shaw university; treasurer, R. L. Lynch, instructor at Saint Augustine's college; editor to the SPHINX, Walker H. Quarles. Jr., secretary, of Shaw university; chaplain, J W Eaton, principal of Lucille Hunter elementary school; sergeant-at-arms, C. G. Henry, North Carolina state employment serviceexecutive committee, R. P. Daniels, president of Shaw university; John C. Levingston, instructor in Washington high school; Mack W. Akins, principal of Washington high school; Walker H. Quarles, Jr., George F Newell. H. C. Perrin, R. L. Lynch, and Herndon Toole.

The citizenship committee is making plans for the annual celebration of "Education for Citizenship" week. The public meeting will be held at the Vesper hour on Sunday, April 22, in Greenleaf chapel Shaw university, at which time. Brother Dr John Hope Franklin, professor of history at North Carolina college for Negroes. Durham, will be the guest speaker.

With best wishes to all Alpha men we are, Fraternally yours, WALKER H. QUARLES, JR. s

Discusses White Primary (From Page 52) AL BAR JOURNAL, suggests some implications of the U. S. S u p r e m e Court decision, handed down April 3, 1944, in the case of Smith vs. Allwright, which declared the Democratic White P r i m a r y of Texas to be in violation of the Fifteenth Amendment.

"Theoretically," writes Brother Jones, "a great victory has been achieved for political equality. However, t h e status of the Negro at the ballot box in the deep South is not much better than at the beginning of the fight seventy-five years ago. T h e decision in Smith vs.

Allwright removes t h e biggest b a r r i e r to full enfranchisement, if the decision will be followed, and if full advantage is taken of it. But t h e r e a r e still g r a v e obstacles to overcome before t h e r e is full participation of all in the political life of the South. T h e vicious poll tax, with its tricky r e q u i r e m e n t s and unfair administration, prevents millions from voting."

"In addition," asserts Attorney Jones, "there a r e other unreasonable and discriminatory qualifications established for registering and voting, which m a k e s it almost impossible for the average Negro to get his n a m e on the poll books. To these obstacles should be added t h e literacy tests, discriminatorily applied intimidation. threats, and even violence All of these add up to an almost impregnable wall which restricts the suffrage in the South to a very few people, and defeats the American ideal of a governm e n t of the people, by the people and for t h e people."

Brother Sidney J o n e s received t h e A B. degree from Atlanta university t h e J. D. degree at N o r t h w e s t e r n unive'rsitv a n d practices before t h e Illinois B a r along with being a m e m b e r of X i L a m h b da cr-n,ter, Chicago, J'linois. "

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Page 66

Among Our Correspondence NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO ABOLISH THE POLL TAX 127 B. Street. S. E., Washington 3, D. C. Lincoln 4820-1 Mr. Joseph Evans General Secretary Alpha Phi Alpha 101 S. Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Dear Friend: Thank you for your generous contribution to our work.

It's only because of such help as yours that the fight for an untaxed ballot has been able to grow stronger through the years. Today, with the South and all America newly conscious of its democratic traditions and fundamental rights, we feel we need to be more alert than ever and more active than ever.

We are grateful to you for your aid.

Sincerely yours, S| KATHERINE SHRYVER s Italy March 5, 1945 Dear Brother Evans: Inasmuch as the work of our fraternity is concerned with the advancement of our racial group, I think you may be interested in the following: I am now attached or assigned to an outfit in which a great majority of men are illiterate. Their jobs, heavy construc-

May, 1945

SPHINX

tion, does not require much literacy but primarily brawn and mechanical ability.

Thus a major Joroff has started a basic school for men who have had less than four years grade school. The school will be carried up to the eighth grade and high school. This will be a postwar benefit to these men and is unusual since the Army is concerned mainly with the immediate necessity of work, rather than personal improvement. So I feel that Major Joroff is doing our group a good turn and should be commended. The teachers in the school are a Sergeant Paul R. Haynesworth, Fayetteville Teachers College and Pfc. Karl L. Holifield, University of Washington (AOA Alpha Xi chapter). Perhaps the Sphinx would be interested in this.

Very sincerely, S| KARL LOUIS HOLIFIELD 837 Aviation Engineers Batallion APO 528, C|o Postmaster New York, New York

A Clean Sport (From Page 57) and, that day, they called him the gentleman of Ohio's greatest sport, football.

Ohio's cleanest sport," the newspapermen called him. On the campus, a student gentleman—a tip of his hat, a smile to his classmates, always a tie and clean shirt, though times were hard. Everyone knew him as Ohio State's grand guy, a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

Hats off to Brother Bell. He is the same brother who now serves as football coach for Uncle Sam. with the true Alpha spirit, at Tuskegee.

Elected Student Conference President (From page 63) Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.

Besides electing Proctor as president, the group chose two delegates to the World Security Conference.

Selected were white Douglass Hunt, YMCA, University of North Carolina, who had just been elected secretary-treasurer of the conference and black Sgt. Maurice Clifford, an ASTP medical student at Meharry medical college.

•Brother Proctor, only 22 years old, was born in St. Louis and after attending the public schools there, entered Fisk university, where he achieved the B. A. degree in 1943. Since then, he has pursued additional study at McKinley-Roosevelt institute and the University of Chicago. Holding membership in numerous scientific and professional honor societies, Brother Proctor has already embarked on a career as research chemist in chemo-theraphy and is the discoverer of sulfaduratextrin, a flame-proofing mixture used to process uniforms for the armed services and for which he has received a citation from the army. He is affiliated with Alpha Chi chapter, Fisk university, Nashville, Tennessee.

LET'S BE PATIENT The fact that the present and, perhaps, succeeding issues of the SPHINX are greatly behind schedule is due not at all to a lack of effort on the part of either the editors or publishers. Reduced newsprint, manpower shortage, and clogged transportation facilities are major factors in this delay. Please, then, be patient with us!

Future Issues

ORDER YOUR COPY NOW!!

OF

THE

SPHINX

A NEW BOOK BY DR. RAYFORD W. LOGAN

OCTOBER — PICTORIAL NUMBER (Deadline Date, August 15, 1945) DECEMBER

The Senate And The Versailles Mandate System

— PRE-CONVENTION NUMBER

(Deadline Date, October 26. 1945)

PUBLISHED BY THE MINORITIES PUBLISHERS 1519 Jackson Street, N. E.

Manuscripts and Pictures Solicited Address to:

Washington, 17, D. C.

Cloth Bound

$2.00

Dr. Reid E. Jackson, Editor THE SPHINX Box 95 Southern University Scotlandville, Louisiana

READY AUGUST 15

May, 1945

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Page 67

A Reminder—Have You Bought Your War Bond Yet?

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THE

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May, 1945

Educational Equalization Group Meets In Memphis

F o r m e r S P H I N X Editor Lewis O. S w i n g ] ' ' - (who can b e seen in the back row p e e r i n g over t h e shoulder of his secret a r y ) was host May 12 to the second meeting of the S o u t h e r n N e g r o Conference for Equalization of Educational Opportunities, in Memphis, Tennessee. T h e sessions w e r e held at Lem o y n e college, w h e r e B r o t h e r Hollis P r i c e (fourth from right i n second row) is president. S e c r e t a r y to t h e organization is

S P H I N X Editor Reid E. Jackson (second from right in first row) while B r o t h e r Rufus B. Atwood (second from right in second row) is treasurer. Other fraters active in t h e g r o u p shown in the picture, are Educational Director H. C. T r e n holm (fourth row), B r o t h e r J. F. D r a k e second row), B r o t h e r F r a n k Stanley (back row), and B r o t h e r Blyden J a c k s o n

CHAPTER OFFICERS—Continued 48 BETA DELTA—State College, Orangeburg, S. C ; President, Clyde L. Reese; Secretary, Henry McClelland, State A. & M. College, Orangeburg, S. C. 49 BETA EPSILON—Agricultural and Technical College, Greens' boro, N. C ; Secretary, Richard Epps, A. & T. College, Greens50 BETA ZETA—Samuel Huston College, Austin, Texas; Presl' dent Renz L. S. Woods; Secretary, Evans E. Crawford, Samuel Huston College, Austin, Texas.

11 BETA ETA—Southern Illinois Teachers College, Carbondale, 111; President, J. C. Penn: Secretary, Gaffney A. Taylor, 52 ^ E T A ' T H E T A - B l u e f l e l d State Teachers College; President, ' William H. Nicholson, State Teachers College, Bluefleld, W. 53 BETA IOTA—Western State Teachers College, Kalamazoo, Michigan. INACTIVE. _, , .

54 BETA KAPPA—Langston University, Langston. Oklahoma; ' Secretary. Eugene J. Brown, Langston University, Langs55. BETA° ^ - ' K e n t u c k y State College Frankfort ^President Robert L. Clardy; Faculty Adviser, Arnold W. Wright, Kentuckv State College, Frankfort, Ky. _ . H(1 , 56 BETA NU—Florida A. & M Colleee, Tallahassee. Florida, President. D Har-lson Shirley, Florida A. & M. College, Tallahassee Florida

57 BETA XI—LeMoyne College, Memphis, Tennessee; President, James A. Barber: Secretary, Carl C. Poston, 1829 Kerr Street, Memphis, Tennessee.

58. BETA OMICRON—Tennessee State College, Nashville, Tennessee; President. Edward Mullins, A. & I. State College, Nashville. Tenne tee: Secretary. Roy Overton, Jr., A. & I. State College. Nashville, Tennessee.

59 BETA PI—Lane College, Jackson, Tenn.: President, Horace Hawkins: Secretary, Obdiah O. Reynolds, Jr., Lane College. Jackscn. Tenn 60 BETA RHO— Snaw Universitv, Raleigh, N. O ; Acting Secretarv. Wal'e^ H. Quarles, Jr., "Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. 61. BETA SIGMA—Southern Universitv. Scotlandville, La., President. Pavton Cook, Southern University, Scotlandville, Louisiara: Secretary, Henry Bardell, Southern University, Scotlandville. Louisiana.

62. BET*\ T^U—Xavier, New Orleans, La.; President, John B. Hc-i'on: Secretary Joseph E. Boyer, Xavler University, New Orleans. La. 63. r l — " '-"SILON—State Teachers College, Montgomery, Alabama: Willis A. Brvant. Jr.; Secretary. Amos M. Addison, Jr., S'ate T»nchp--s Crllere. Montgomery, Ala. f i --""/< "","—Dillard University, New Orleans. La.; President, r „ . i p T s/rPf".p Jr.. 1449 N. Claiborne Ave., New Orleans, = K - T ' S " - Lionel A. Desbordes, 1938 Industry Street, Vrw r>iiran«. La

65 BETA CHI—Philander Smith College, Little Bock, Ark.; President, James B. Parks; Acting Secretary, Cornelius J. Gray, Philander Smith College, Little Rock, Arkansas.

66 BETA PSI—Oxford, Cambridge, London University, London, England; President, Dr. C. B. Clarke, Bee. Secretary, Dr. A. K Nyabongo, State Teachers College, Montgomery, Alabama.

67. GAMMA ALPHA—Texas College, Tyler, Texas; President, Travis L. Carr II; Secretary, Tnomas H. Quails, Texas College, Tyler, Texas „ 68. GAMMA BETA—North Carolina College, Durham, N. C ; President, U. S. Gorham; Sec.etary. Samuel J. Hill, P. O. Box 458, N. C. College for Negroes, Durham, N. C.

CHAPTER OFFICERS—Graduate Chapters 101. ALPHA LAMBDA—Louisville, Kentucky; President, Stenson E Broadus, 725 W. Kentucky Street, Louisville, Kentucky; Secretary, L. C. Curry, 1702 W. Kentucky St., Louisville, Ky. 102. BETA LAMBDA—Greater Kansas City, Mo.-Kan.; President, Elmer Jackson; Secretary, James A. Jeffress, 2719 Highland, Kansas City, Mo. 103. GAMMA LAMXSDA—Detroit, Michigan; President, Dr. Walter Harmon, 2510 E. Davison; Secretary, Grover D. Lange, 571 Alger Avenue, Detroit 2, Michigan.

104. DELTA LAMBDA—Baltimore, Md.; President, Dr. Maurice L. Adams, 312 E. 23rd Street; Secretary, Woodley Lawrence, 1307 Madison Avenue, Baltimore 17, Md. 105. EPSILOiw UMuDA—St. Louis, Missouri, President, Daniel Bowles, 4218 Cook Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri; Secretary, Henry S. Williams, 2b4b Pine Street, St. Louis, Missouri.

ZETA LAMBDA—Newport, News, Va.; President, C. L. Rey106. nolds, Hampton Institute; Secretary, J. Bupert Picott, 820 Hampton Avenue, Newport News, Va. THETA LAMEDA—Dayton, Ohio; President, Lloyd G. P h i l 107. lips; Secretary, Wm. M. Gillespie, 904 Wilberforce Place, Dayton, Ohio.

ETA LAMBDA—Atlanta, Georgia; President, G. E. DeLorme; 108.

Acting Secretary, Jacob B. Henderson, 816 Play Lane, N. W., Atlanta, Georgia.

109. IOTA LAMBDA—Indianapolis, Ind.; Secretary, Theodore H. Bandal, 1133 North West St.. Indianapolis, Indiana.

110. KAPPA LAMBDA—Greensboro, North Caro'.ina; President, S. E. Burford. 1408 Klvett Drive, High Point, N. C ; Secretary, Dr. Frederic A. Jackson, 427 Bennett Street, Greensboro, North Carolina.

111. M J LAMBDA—Washington, D. C ; President, Verdie L. Robinson, 2803 13th Street, N. E., Washington, D. C ; Secretary.

George H. Windsor, 2401 Ontario Boad, N. W., Washington, D. C. 112. NU LAMBDA—Virginia State College, Ettrick, Va.; President, Dr. B. C. Howard; Secretary, Beuben B. McDaniel, Virginia.

State College, Ettrick, Virginia.

113. XI LAMBDA—Chicago, Illinois; President, Dr. E. K. McDonald; Secretary, William A. Smith 4432 S. Parkway, Chicago, Illinois.

114. OMICBON LAMBDA—Birmingham, Alabama; President, George C. Bell; Secretary, Charles L. Shepard, 13 10th Ave., N. Birmingham 4, Alabama.

115. PI LAMBDA—Little Bock, Arkansas; President, J. B. Booker, Century Building, Little Rock, Arkansas; C. Franklin Brown, 1019 Cross Street, Little Bock, Arkansas.

116. BHO LAMBDA—Buffalo, N. Y.; President, Dr. S. Calvin Johnson; Secretary, Alfred D. Price, 95 Willert Park Courts, Buffalo, N. Y. 117. SIGMA LAMBDA—New Orleans, La.; President, Dr. Wesley N. Segre. 2425 Louisiana Ave., Secretary; Walter E. Morial, 1433 Turo St., New Orleans 16, La. 118. TAU LAMBDA—Nashville, Tenn.; President, C. H. Webster.

150* Hawkins St.; Acting Secretary, J. B. Anderson, 419 4th Ave., N., Nashville 3, Tennessee.

119. UPSILON LAMBDA—Jacksonville, Florida; President, George W. Cabiness: Secretary, Morris B. Coppage, 105 E. Union St., Jacksonville, Florida.

120. PHI LAMBDA—Baleigh, N. O.J President, Walker H. Quarles.

Jr.; Secretary, B. Herndon Toole, 1005 S. Person Street.

Baleigh, N. C. 121. CHI LAMBDA—Wilberforce, Ohio; Secretary, Dr. Clarence H. Mills Sr„ Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio.

122. PSI LAMBDA—Chattanooga, Tennessee; President, Georee A. Key; Secretary, Frank A. Jones, 850 E. 8th Street, Chattanooga, Tenn.

123. J»LPHA ALPHA LAMBDA—Newark. N. J.; Fresldent, LawrenceWillette; Secretary, Arthur C. Williams, 158 Lincoln street, Montclair, New Jersey.

124. ALPHA BETA LAMBDA—Lexington, Kentucky; President, Paul L. Guthrie; Secretary. Sanford T. Roach, 511 G. NAspendale, Lexington 38, Kentucky.

125. ALPHA GAMMA LAMBDA—New Lork, New York; President, Dr. H. Binga Dismond, 245 W. 139th Street, New York, New York; Secretary, Frank L. Hailstolk, 502 W. 152nd Street, New York.

126. ALPHA DELTA LAMBDA—Memphis, Tenn.; Secretary, Walter P. Guy, Jr., 353 Simpson Avenue, Memphis, Tenn.

127. ALPHA EPSILON LAMBDA—Jackson, Miss.; President, E. R. Lawrence; Secretary, Alan T. Busby, Box 176, Alcorn, Miss 128. ALPHA ZETA LAMBDA—Bluefleld, West Virginia: President.

Dr. Henry Whislker, 811 Bland Street. Bluefleld, West Virginia; Secretary, E. W. Browne, Bluefleld State College, 6 Bluefleld, West Virginia.

129. ALPHA ETA LAMBDA—Houston, Texas; President, Dr. J o h n W. Davis; Acting Secretary, R. W. Lights, 2611 Holmon Street, Houston, Texas.

130. ALPHA THETA LAMBDA—Atlantic City, New Jersey; President, F. C. Newton; Secretary, Richard M. Fowler, III, 112 N. Indiana Avenue. Atlantic City, New Jersey.

131. ALPHA IOTA LAMBDA—Charleston, W. Va.; President Felix T. Warren; Secretary, William Wallace, Box 102, I n stitute, W. Va. 132. ALPHA KAPPA LAMBDA—Roanoke, Virginia; President Dr George A. Moore. 106 Wells Avenue. N. W.; Secretary Dr L. C. Downiny, 804 7th Street, N. W., Roanoke Va 133. ALPHA MU LAMBDA—Knoxville, Tennessee; President Dr N. A. Henderson; Secretary, M. D. Senter, 2134 E Vine Avenue, Knoxville. Tenn.

134. ALPHA NU LAMBDA—Tuskegee Institute, Alabama; President. Dr. I. A. Derbigny; Secretary, Harry J. Romm, T u s kegee. Institute. Alabama.

135. ALPHA XI LAMBDA—Toledo, Ohio: Pre«ide"t. Leo V English. Jr.; s»c»+»'-v. Charles Peoples, Jr., 858 Avondale Avenue, Toledo, Ohio. \

OMICRON LAMBDA—Pittsburgh, Pa.; President, 136. ALPHA Dr. Ira W. Cornelius, 1004 Wylis, Secretary, Wilbur C. Douglas, 518 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 137. ALPHA PI LAMBDA—Winston-Salem, North Carolina; President, Dr. J. Monroe Walker, Jr.; Secretary, C. H. Vaugh, P O. Box 457, Winston-Salem, N. C. 138. ALPHA RHO LAMBDA—Columbus, Ohio; President, A. D. V. Crosby, 265 N. 22nd St., Columbus, Ohio. (3).

139. ALPHA SIGMA LAMBDA—Dallas, Texas; President, H. I. Holland; Secretary, S. W. Hudson, Jr., 5211 Keating Avenue.

Dallas, Texas. _ ,„ 140. ALPHA TAU LAMBDA—Tulsa, Oklahoma; President, TolUe W. Harris; Secretary, Jaiues B. Eil.s, 1100 E. Pine Street, Tulsa, Okla.

141. ALPHA UPSILON LAMBDA—Montgomery, Alabama; President, Dr. Cohen T. Simpson; Secretary, J. M. Beynolds, State Teachers College, Montgomery, Alabama.

142. ALPHA PHI LAMBDA—Norfolk, Virginia; President. Dr. A. J. Wells; Secretary, Lloyd P. Williams, 811 Freemont Street, Norfolk, Virginia 143. ALPHA CHI LAMBDA—Augusta, Georgia; President, Joel W. Wallace, 1430 picquett Ave.; Secretary, J o h n M. Tutt, 1108 Phillips Street, Augusta, Georgia.

144. ALPHA PSI LAMBDA—Columbia, S. O.J President, Dr. Robert W. Mance, 1429 Pine St.; Secretary, Harry B. R u t h e r ford, 1330 Gregg Street, Columbia 33, S. O. 145. BETA ALPHA LAMBDA—Jersey City, N. J.; President, J a m e s 0 . Randolph; Secretary, Dorland J. Henderson, 269 Clinton St., N. East Orange, N. J. 146. BETA BETA LAMBDA—Miami, Florida; President, Robert J. Haith, Jr.; Secretary, Dr. Wm. H. Murrell, 1035 N. W. 2nd Avenue, Miami, Florida.

147. BETA GAMMA LAMBDA—Bichmond, Virginia; Presid2nt, John W. Biley; Secretary, Curtis A. Crocker, 1315 N. 28th Street, Bichmond 3, Virginia.

148. BETA DELTA LAMBDA—Daytona Beach, Florida; President, Charles J. Greene; Secretary, Dr. Ernest Bartley, 624 2nd Avenue, Daytona Beach, Florida.

149. BETA EPSILON LAMBDA—Wewoka, Oklahoma; President,.

1. T. Anderson; Secretary, L. G. Ashley, P. O. Box 247,, Boley, Oklahoma.

ISO. BETA ZETA LAMBDA—Jefferson City, Missouri; President,.

Arthur E. Pullam, Jr.; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. A. B. Maddox, 116 1-2 W. Main St., Sedalia, Mo. 151. BETA ETA LAMBDA—Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; President,.

Lee E. Lewis; Secretary, Wm. W. Johnson. 2506 N. E. 15th* Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

152. BETA THETA LAMBDA—Durham, N. O.J President, James.

T. Taylor; Secretary, John E. Payne, 1609 Lincoln Street.

Durham, N. C. 153. BETA IOTA LAMBDA—Baton Bouge, Louisiana; President.

Dr. Reid E. Jackson, Southern University, Scotlandville Louisiana; Secretary, James H. Bcswell, P. O , Box 1691 Baton Rouge 2, La. 154. BETA KAPPA LAMBDA—Charleston, S. C ; President, Dr. A. G. Purvis; Secretary, Dr. E. B. Burroughs, 180 Coming Street, Charleston. South Carolina.

155. BETA MU LAMBDA—Salisbury, Statesville, N. C ; President.

Dr. H. A. Day. 225 1-2 E. Fisher Street; Secretary, S. W. Lancaster, 700 W. Monroe Street, Salisbury, N. C. 156. BETA NU LAMBDA—Charlotte, N. O.J Secretary, Clinton L. Blake, 423 E. First Street; Financial Secretary, Dr Thomaa Watkins, 426 N. McDowell Street, Charlotte, N. C. 157. BETA XI LAMBDA—Omaha, Nebraska; President, Raymond B Brown. 2913 No. 30th Street; Secretary, Robert L. Mvers 2416 N. 22nd Street, Omaha 10. Nebraska.

158 BETA OMICRON LAMBDA—Mobile, Alabama; President.

Walker J. Carroll; Secretary, James P. Dixon, 200 N. Ann Street, Mobile 16, Alabama.

159 BETA PI LAMBDA—Albany, New York; President, George Troy^ e N e5 Y S e c r e t a r y ' G e O T S e »• Kelley. 1—113th Street.

160 BETA RHO LAMBDA—Youngstown, Ohio; President, H. B. Gibson, Sr.; Secretary, Rev. H. B. Gibson, Jr., 409 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, Ohio.

161 . BETA SIGMA LAMBDA—Hartford, Conn.; President, Dr. J. M. Bullock; Secretary, James W. Hall, 56 Mahl Avenue Hartford, Conn.

162. BETA TAU LAMBDA—Ft. Worth, Texas: INACTIVE 163. BETA UPSILON LAMBDA—Jackson, Tennessee; President, Percy M. Caruthers; Secretary, Chester Klrkendoll, Lane College. Jackson. Tenn.

164. BETA PHI LAMBDA—Savannah, Georgia: President, W. G. Dixon, 623 W. 36th Street, Savannah. Georgia; Secretary, C y GeorT ' G e o r g i a s t a t e c °Uege, Industrial College.

165. BETA CKI LAMBDA—Muskogee, Oklahoma; President, L. G. Burr; Secretary, Russell F. Davis, 526 Terrace Place, Muskogee, Oklahoma.

166. BETA PSI LAMBDA—Los Angeles, California: President Dr Howard Allen: Secretary. Rufus S. Norman, 708 E 48th Street, Los Angeles, California.

167. GAMMA ALPHA LAMBDA—Charlottesville, Virginia- President. l e a n d e r J. Shaw: SeTetarv, Dr. A. W. Pleasants J r 11 S. Jefferson Street. Lexington, Virginia ' 168. n-AMMA BETA LAMBDA—Kentuckv State College, Frankfnrt Kentuckv; President, Arnold W. Wrieht; Secretary ArrmiH* nraola W. Wright. Kentuckv State College. Frankfort Kv 169 GAMMA GAMMA LAMBDA—Greenville, S C J President n w . Anderson: Secretary, Ezra W. Whittenberg 306 n ~c .u i ' houn Street. Greenville. S. C. °" 170. GAMMA DELTA LAMBDA—Raleigh. W. Va.. Secretsrv M«Mar tin K. Austin. Box 133. Raleigh, West Virginia ~' " 171. GAMMA EPSILON LAMBDA -Hopkinsvllle, Kentucky

IF NOT DELIVERED IN 15 DAYS R e t u r n To

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In w a r t i m e t h e r e is little excuse for ignorance of the branch of t h e military service to which a soldier belongs. Note the lapel buttons of the enlisted man and the insignia on an officer's collar. Then s t u d y the symbols shown above. It is good memory exercise. N e x t time you see him you'll know whether he fights with the i n f a n t r y , builds bridges with the corps of engineers or is • n officer on the general staff.

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