The SPHINX | Summer 1969 | Volume 55 | Number 6 196905506

MAY

JUNE

1969 Vol. 55, No. 6

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.

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FIRST BLACK Louisiana House of Representatives

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FIRST BLACK Assistant U.S. Attorney, Louisiana FIRST BLACK Graduate of Louisiana State University Law School

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ERNEST N. MORIAL General President Alpha Phi Alpha

exclusive — THIS ISSUE U.S. HEARING Blacks Left Out of History Textbooks

ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY, INC. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 4432 DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING DRIVE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Directory for 1968-1969 Washington,

DC.

General President — Ernest N. Morial 1821 Orleans Avenue, New Orleans La. General Treasurer — Leven C. Weiss 4676 West Outer Drive, Detroit, Michigan Comptroller — Isidor J . LaMothe, Jr 1407 University Avenue, Marshall Texas General Counsel — Morris M. Hatchett 1456 E. Adelaide, St, Louis, Missouri Editor "The Sphinx" — J . Herbert King 4728 Drexel Boulevard, Chicago Illinois Executive Secretary — Laurence T. Young ...4432 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Chicago, Illinois

70116 48235 75670 63107 10615 60653

Jewel

Henry

A

Callis

2306

E Street,

N.E.,

Officers

Contributing Editors Malvin R. Goode, Martin L. Harvey, L. W. Jeffries, Eddie L. Madison, Frank L. Stanley, Sr., Art Sears, Jr., L. H. Stanton, Charles Wesley, Randolph White, O. Wilson Winters, Laurence T. Young, George M. Daniels.

Editorial Advisory Committee Frank Ellis, Malvin R. Goode, Marshall Harris, John H. Johnson, Moss H. Kendrix, Belford V. Lawson, Samuel A. Madden, J. E. Martin, Lionel H. Newsom, Gus T. Ridgel.

Staff Photographer Henry Crawford The Sphinx is the official magazine of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., 4432 Dr. Martin Luther King Dr., Chicago, III., with editorial offices at 4728 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, III. 60615. Published four times a year: February, May, October and December. Address all editorial mail to 4728 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, III. 60615. Change of Address: Send both addresses to Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, 4432 Dr. Martin Luther King Drive, Chicago, III. Manuscripts or art submitted to The Sphinx should be accompanied by addressed envelopes and return postage. Editor assumes no responsibility for return of unsolicited manuscripts of art.

Opinions expressed in columns and articles do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and use of any person's name in fiction, semi-fiction articles or humorous features is to be regarded as a coincidence and not as the responsibility of The Sphinx. It is never done knowinqly. Copyright 1968 by The Sphinx, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Reproduction or use, without written permission, of the editorial or pictorial content in any manner is prohibited.

Vice Presidents Eastern — W Decker Clarke Midwestern — G u s T. Ridgel Southern — Luke H. Chatman Southwestern — Lillard G. Ashley, Sr Western — C. Paul Johnson

66 Dry Hill Road, Norwalk, Conn.

312 Cold Harbor Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky P.O. Box No. 1311. Greenville, S. C. P.O. Box No. 247, Boley, Oklahoma 17823 88th, N.E., Bothell, Washington

Assistant Vice

06851 40601 29602 74829 98011

Presidents

Eastern — Craig C Foster 3253 Yale Station, New Haven, Conn.

Midwestern — W i l l i a m Paris 6623-b S. Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois Southern — Mack B. Thompson, III Eliabeth City State College, Elizabeth City, N. C. S o u t h w e s t e r n — Napoleon L. Forte. .308 Fuller Hall, Prairie View A & M College Prairie View, Tex. Western — Clifford S. Webb 2183 W. 27th Street, Los Angeles, California

06520 60637 27909 77445 90018

REGIONAL DIRECTORS Eastern Region Massachusetts — Bro. James Howard Rhode Island — B r o , Ralph Allen Connecticut — B r o . W. Decker Clark New York, Northern New Jersey — Bro. Albert Holland Pennsylvania, Delaware, Southern N, J . — Bro. Frank Devine Maryland-Washington — Bro. Thomas Hunt Virginia — Bro. Talmage Tabb

105 Greenwood St., Boston, Mass.

179 Doyle Ave., Providence, R. I. 66 Dry Hill Road, Norwalk, Conn.

31 Hickory Hill Rd., Tappan, N, Y. 6202 Washington Ave., Phila., Pa. 911 Spa Dd., Annapolis, Md. 324 Greenbriar Ave., Hampton, Va.

M i d w e s t e r n Region Northern Indiana — Bro. William J . Bolden 3157 West 19th Avenue, Gary, Indiana Northwest Ohio — Bro. Robert Stubbleford 1340 West Woodruff, Toledo, Ohio Northeastern Ohio — Bro. Curtis Washington 889 Hartford, Akron, Ohio Central Ohio — Bro. Oliver Sumlin 2427 Hoover Avenue, Dayton, Ohio West Missouri-Kansas — Bro. Jimmie L. Buford 2645 Lorkridge Avenue, Kansas Ciity, Mo. Eastern Missouri — Bro. Clifton Bailey 3338A Aubert Avenue, St. Louis 15, Mo. Northern Michigan — Bro. W. Wilberforce Plummer. .654 Wealthy Street, N. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

West Michigan — Bro William Boards, Jr 680 W. Van Buren Street, Battle Creek, M i c h .

Southern Michigan — Bro. Robert J . Chillison, II 16155 Normandy, Detroit, Michigan Southwest Ohio — Bro. Holloway Sells 699 N. Crescent Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio l0wa Bro Everett A Mays 701 Hull Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa 50316 Southern I l l i n o i s — Bro. Harold Thomas 1731 Gaty Avenue, East St. Louis, Illinois Northern Illinois — Bro. J . Herbert King 4728 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, Illinois 60615 Kentucky — Bro. Waverly B. Johnson 1306 Cecil Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky Wisconsin — Bro. Hoyt Harper 5344 N. 64th, Milwaukee. Wis. Central Missouri — Bro. Nathaniel R. Goldston, III Lincoln University, Jefferson City. Mo. 65101 West Virginia — Bro. J . A. Shelton Post Office Box, 314 Welch, West Va. Southern Indiana — Bro. Theodore Randall 3810 Rockwood Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana Nebraska — Bro. Thomas A. Phillips 3116 North 16th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68110 Regional Secretary — Bro. Cramon Myers 404 West 44th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana Regional Counsel — Bro. James R. Williams 978 Dover, Akron, Ohio 44320 Southwestern Region Oklahoma — B r o . Vernon L. Foshee L o u i s i a n a — Bro. Elliot J . Keyes Arkansas — Bro. T. E. Patterson Texas — B r o Reby Cary Texas — Bro. Victor Smith Arkansas — Bro. M. L. Fridia Arkansas — Bro. George Howard At-Large — Bro. Paul Smith

725 Terrace Blvd.. Muskogee, Oklahoma 7462 Benjamin St.. New Orleans, Louisiana 1624 W. 21st St., Little Rock. Arkansas 1804 Bunche Dr., Ft. Worth, Texas 2004 N. Adams, Amarillo. Texas 1200 Pulaski, Little Rock, Ark. 60 Watson Blvd., Pine Bluff, Ark. Ark. A and M College, Pine Bluff, Ark. Southern Region 1303 Mail St., Birmingham, Ala. 1471 N.W. 179th St., Miami, Fla. 33169 1527 Mills B Lane Ave., Savannah. Ga.. . . . . . 4 0 7 Washington Street, Brookhaven, Miss.

P.O. Box 19 - State College, Elizabeth City, N.C. 27909 4509 Williamsburg Drive, Columbia, S. C. 1429 S. Parkway East, Memphis, Tenn.

The Sphinx has been published continuously since 1914. Organizing Editor: Bro. Raymond W. Cannon. Organizing General President: Bro. Henry Lake Dickason.

Alabama — B r o . Kirkwood Balton Florida — B r o . Oral A. Allen Georgia — B r o . Henry Collier, M.D Mississippi — B r o . T. J . Ranee North Carolina — Bro Leonard R. Ballou South Carolina — Bro W J Davis T e n n e s s e e " — Bro. Charles Tarpley

Second class postage paid at Chicago, III. Postmaster: Send form 3579 and all correspondence, 4728 Drexel Blvd., Chicago.

III. 60615.

Northwest District Director — Bro. Clifford E. Donley Southwest District Director — Bro. Floyd Plymouth Central District D i r e c t o r — Bro. Clifford W. Basfield Southern District Director — Bro. Clyde C. Osborne

Western Region 347 29th, 1940 Leona St..

2245 E. 11th 5467 Bradna.

Seattle. Washington Las Vegas, Nevada St., Stockton, Calif.

Los Angeles, Calif.

Official

Organ

ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY, INC. Volume 55

THERE GOES AN ALPHA MAN There goes a man of high impulse Of princely mien and grace There goes a man of humble faith A credit to his race There goes a man of conscience vast with will to reach his goal There goes a man of lordly rank Of heroes' stock and soul— There goes a man of noble caste Whom hardship cannot break There goes a man in merit clad Whom duty won't forsake There goes a man in cultured verse Who holds a sportsman's creed There goes a man too vigilant To bow to lust or greed There goes a man whose life is spent in service not in scorn There goes a man whose majesty Shines like a May time There goes a man who is a friend To love and duty truth There goes a man to help uplift The lives of wholesome youth There goes a man with industry and faith at his command.

There goes the best man in and out For he is an Alpha Man.

Number 6

May-June 1969

J. HERBERT KING Editor-in-Chief 4728 DREXEL BOULEVARD CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS

60615

CONTENTS The President Speaks Meet The General President Chapter News Upward Bound Program Why There's An Alpha Undergraduate Chapter — University of Georgia Past General Presidents Hale and Newsom Alphas In The Armed Forces Midwestern Regional Convention "Duke" Ellington At The White House Alpha Men On The Move Chapter News Compendium of Quotable Quotes Delta Mu Chapter U.S. Hearing — U.S. History Textbooks Challenge Of Black Power Pre-Convention News and Program Frat Fun Appointment — Director of Public Aid Eastern Regional Convention Alpha Wives — Washington, D. C Alphas At Tuskeegee, Alabama Book Review and Poet's Corner Going With The Wind (Continued From Feb. Issue) Alpha Work Shop — General Secretary Young

2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 25 26 30 32 33 35 36 37 38 40

FRONT COVER: Louisiana State Capitol Building, courtesy of the State Photo Service. The photograph of General President Morial, courtesy of Epsilon Psi Lambda Chapter, Alexandria, La. BACK COVER: Photograph of President Nixon and Brother Ellington, Official White House photograph.

PLAUDITS . . .

THE GENERAL PRESIDENT t SPEAKS...

• General President Ernest N. Morial

^

C O N V E N T I O N CALL Jewel Henry A. Callis, — General Officers, — Regional Officers, — Past General Officers, — Delegates and Brothers in Alpha Phi Alpha.

Greetings: As we close the decade of the sixties, — Houston, Texas beckons Alpha men everywhere to convene in "Space City U. S. A." — the City of the Astrodome and Astroworld for the SIXTY THIRD ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity to be headquartered in the palatial Shamrock — Hilton Hotel in the shadow of the 9th Wonder of the World—The Astrodome—August 2nd - 7th, 1969.

Challenging and crucial issues confront all Americans, but particularly Black Americans and men of Alpha.

Alpha Phi Alpha must, as it has historically done, meet the challenges of the times; find solutions to complex social human problems; and continue to give leadership. The chronology of eminent Alphamen is testimony of Alpha Phi Alpha's role in providing direction, involvement and assistance to downtrodden mankind.

We go to Houston, Texas to do serious business — to chart a course and focus our energies for the "Spectacular Seventies" . . . to fulfill the mission of Alpha Phi Alpha; — to stimulate the ambition of the Brotherhood; to strengthen and improve Alpha Phi Alpha; to assist and aid all humanity to achieve higher, social, economic and intellectual status.

Honors For Alphamen Brother George M. Daniels, former Editor "The Sphinx" has been awarded the Ralph Stoody Fellowship in journalism by the United Methodist Information Service of $3,000. Brother Daniels has served on the staff of the Board of Missions of the Methodist Church in New York for several years, and is now on sabbatical leave for 1969-1970 academic year doing graduate work under this grant at Columbia University.

BROTHER A. MACEO SMITH, of Dallas, Texas was recently named as assistant regional administrator for equal opportunity in the Fort Worth Regional Office of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Brother Smith who has served in this department for many years, is a pioneer in the field of improving race relations in the Southwest.

Alpha men throughout the world are called to Houston, Texas to examine Alpha's purpose and to re-dedicate themselves to the causes for which our noble and illustrious Jewels gave birth to an idea . . . ALPHA PHI ALPHA.

Brother Radial Elected

By Placement Unit

This years convention theme, BLACK POWER: A CREATIVE FORCE IN AMERICA'S COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT, is now being implemented throughout the nation by our many chapters. The theme will be expended and culminated at our convention via public seminars relating to Black Power in the Arts, Education, Religion, Economics and Government and Politics. Seminars in each discipline will be recorded and transcribed for publication by Alpha Phi Alpha after the necessary editing.

Anthony M. Rachal Jr., executive vicepresident of Xavier University, has been elected to the board of directors of College Placement Services Inc., a Bethlehem, Pa., firm funded by the Ford Foundation.

We hope to have maximum participation in the seminars by the Brothers in attendance at the convention. Should any Brother in your chapter be interested in participating on a panel, contact: Dr. Thomas D. Pawley, III. 1014 Lafayette St. Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

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Rachal has previously been associated with College Placement Services, an educational, advisory and service organization which studies career counseling and placement services at developing colleges and makes evaluations and recommendations for upgrading these services.

MEET THE GENERAL PRESIDENT BRO. ERNEST N. " D U T C H " MORIAL Pittsburgh Post Gazette—4-12-'69

"Dutch" spoke . . . Reporters Wrote . . .

The New Courier—4-12-'69

Black Power Swells in Deep South

Alphas Present

La. Lawmaker Says Days are Numbered for Conservatives

Black Power Talk The University of Pittsburgh's Public Affairs Committee and Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity will co-sponsor a lecture by black attorney, Ernest N. "Dutch" Morial.

The days of powerful conservative congressmen from the Deep South are numbered due to the emergence of black power, the only black member of the Louisiana House of Representatives said here yesterday.

He will speak in the Student Union Ballroom at noon, Friday, April 11, and his subject will be "The Emergence of Black Power in the Deep South." His lecture is free and open to the public.

This has national importance, said Ernest N. Morial, for southern congressmen control many vital committees in Washington through seniority. These committees affect national legislation.

Mr. Morial first gained national prominence when he was elected to the Louisiana State Legislature as a member of the House of Representatives; the first black man to be elected to the House since the Reconstruction. He was the first black man to graduate from the Louisiana State University Law School, and ten years later he became the first black assistant U.S. Attorney in the Attorney General's office in Louisiana.

He also served as a member of the Lawyers Committee for Civiil Rights under legislation passed during the administration of the late President, John F. Kennedy.

In 1965 Mr. Morial was listed in "Outstanding Young Men of America." Two years later he appeared in "Who's Who in the South and Southwest."

Mr. Morial has served as cooperating attorney for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund and he has been instrumental in making his fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha, relevant to the problems confronting America's urban communities. The Pittsburgh Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha will sponsor a cocktail party and dinner for Mr. Morial at 7:30 p.m. Friday, April 11. It will be held at the Red Coach Grill in Chatham Center.

For reservations, fraternity members may call Harold R. White, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh.

Important Force "There is no major city in the South today where Negroes are not an important political force," Morial said, citing these examples: Brother Ernest N . Morial, attended New Orleans parochial and public schools, earned a B.S. in Business Administration from Xavier U. of Louisiana in 1951, and a L.L.B. from Louisiana State U. Law School in 1954. He attended the U.S. Army Intelligence School, Fort Holabird, Maryland, and served in the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps.

Among some of the achievements, Brother Morial was Assistant U.S. Attorney, 1965-67; member of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights under Law organized by the late President John F. Kennedy; appeared in "Outstanding Young Men of America," 1965; appeared in "Who's Who in the South and Southwest," 1967-68; admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, Louisiana Supreme Court, U.S. District Court, U.S. Court of Appeals; Representative — Louisiana House of Representatives; Member of the Louisiana Commission of Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice. He and his wife, the former Sybil G. Haydel, have four children: Julie Claire, Mark Haydel, Jacques Etienne and Cheri Michele.

Since World War II, registered black voters have increased in the South from 500,000 to 3 million.

Mississippi alone has increased its black voter registration from eight to 60 per cent.

The South now has 23 black legislators and 300 elected Negro officials.

Another important change is the loss of power by the Negro middle class, Morial said. The students and the grass root movements are the new forces, he said.

Morial also talked about his own problems as a legislator.

"Ambushed" by Both Sides "I am ambushed by both sides," he said. The blacks expect him to have the patronage power of his white predecessor while many whites resent him.

Morial was the first black man to graduate from the Louisiana State University law school. His talk in the Student Union was co-sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh's Public Affairs Committee and the all-black Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

3

CHAPTER NEWS . . .

CHI Chapter Meharry Medical College

We at Chi Chapter take this opportunity to share with you, our brothers throughout the land, a brief review of fraternity activities and occurrences for the school year, 1968-69, at Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.

Our annual Smoker was held, January 10, 1969 at the Albert Pick Motel here in the city of Nashville. Featured speaker for the evening was Reverend Wilson Q. Welch, of Tau Lambda Chapter. Miss Ann Daniels, freshman dental hygiene student, was introduced as the chapter's sweetheart for the 1968-69 school year.

At Meharry Medical College annual honors convocation held October, 1968, several Alpha men were recognized. Our president, Joseph H. Davis, junior dental student, was recognized for his proficiency in Pathology, in addition to being named on the Dean's List for academic honors; Ralph Gray, sophomore dental student also placed his name on the Dean's List; C. Billy Ward, junior dental student and Permon J. Johnson, junior medical student were presented, "Student of the Year" Awards from their respective schools. This award is given annually to that student who has demonstrated an interest in student and school affairs, an awareness of community health needs, a proficiency in academic work and qualities exemplifying responsible professional stature. Two senior students William Shanks and Leroy Burton received the Fred Rowe Award in the field of Opthalmology and the Ford Award for the highest potential as a diagnostician, respectively.

Brothers Joseph Davis and Willie Lett represented Chi Chapter at the Regional Convention at Jacksonville, Florida, April 4-5, 1969.

Each year Chi Chapter presents for Nashville's entertainment "The Alpha Soirre". This year's theme was "An Evening in The Orient". We enjoyed this most festive occasion on May 17, 1969, as six new inductees into Alpha were introduced at that time; namely, Gerald Bernard Easley, Clarence Haven Fearn, Horace D. Murdock, Jr., Charles T. Stafford, Robert L. Utley, and Joseph K. Winfield.

To conclude the events of the year at the Annual Commencement held June 15, 1969, four brothers of Chi Chapter received doctoral degrees in the school of medicine and the school of dentistry; Richard Morgan, from the School of Dentistry; James Wilson, Leroy Burton, and William Shanks, from the School of Medicine. The graduates are to complete their internship training at Central State Hospital, Milledgeville, Georgia; Menorah Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri; Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee; and Homer A. Phillips Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, respectively.

4

Delta Phi Chapter; Jackson State College The brothers of Delta Phi Chapter completed the 1969-69 academic year with many honors and achievements which we feel may be worthy of mention in the next issue of "The Sphinx."

Aside from completing all projects and activities, several brothers were awarded honors in the campus-wide Honors Day Program at Jackson State College. From the chapter, Bro. Albert James Chapman, a sophomore Sociology major from Carthage, Mississippi, was honored as the Outstanding Brother of the Year and received a cash award of fifty dollars for his active initiative in promoting chapter projects and activities.

Brother Marvel Lang, an outstanding scholar at Jackson State College and a Dean's List student, received many awards and honors. He is a junior Geography major from Bay Springs, Mississippi. Bro. Lang was nominated to appear in the 1968-69 edition of Who's Who in American Universities and Colleges. He was initiated into and became president of Kappa Phi Chapter of Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society on the campus of Jackson State. He was also appointed by the president of the college, Dr. John A. Peoples, and approved by Governor John Bell Williams to serve on the Youth Advisory Council to State Director of Selective Service. Bro. Lang will travel to Washington in June for a conference with President Nixon and the Federal Director of Selective Service.

Other brothers who received honors were: Bro. Joe Smith, a senior, nominated to Who's Who along with Bros. Rome Sherrod and Wendell Grimes; Bros. Otis Donald, Norris Crump, Kenneth Wells, Calvin Ramsey, Solomon Henderson, Judge Smith, Elmon Leggett, Leslie Varnado, and Ollie Hardaway received certificates for appearing on the Dean's List for two consecutive quarters during the academic year.

Delta Phi also awarded fifty dollars to the young man on campus showing the most promise and exhibiting those characteristics most meritorious of praise

by Alpha Phi Alpha. This award was received by Mr. Gilbert Patterson, a freshman Sociology major from Natchez, Mississippi and a member of the Sphinx Club.

Bro. Otis Donald Editor-to-the-Sphinx

Alpha Announces An Essay Contest Black Power: \ Creative Force in America's Complete Development 1.

Essays must be original compositions by bona fide college students within the fraternity's five regions.

2.

Certification of both originality and enrollment in a college must accompany all entries.

3.

Essays must not exceed 1,000 words.

4.

Entries in regional contests must be submitted on or before May 1.

5. Winners in regional contests will be announced by June 15.

6. Essays will be judged on development of theme, clarity and originality of thought, adequacy of organization, usage, and mechanics.

7.

All essays must be typed, double spaced, each page numbered and identified.

8. All winning essays become the property of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated.

9. Winners of Regional Contests will receive $100 for first prize, $50 for second prize, and $25 for third prize and automatically qualify for the National Contest.

10.

11.

Winners of the National Contest, which is limited to regional winners, will receive $200 for first prize, $100 for second prize, and $50 for third prize. Announcement of National Contest winners will be made at the General Convention of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated, August 2-7 in Houston, Texas.

Inquiries may be addressed to: Thomas D. Pawley Director of Educational Activities 1014 Lafayette Street Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

Alpha Alpha Lambda Brothers are at

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, N. J.

Fellowships

Brother Jerry L. Martin, Chairman, Committee on Elections, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. and Bro. Jim Wilson, educator and civics worker are members of the Advisory Board for the Upward Bound Program at Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, N. J. Upward Bound is a program designed to stimulate and encourage high school young people to seek further education beyond their high school years. It is financed by our Federal Government. The standards for eligibility are set by the Federal Government.

The stress of the program is academic, but it is balanced with cultural, social and athletic experiences.

Bloomfield College is now in its second year of this type of special program, and its first year of a government grant for continuation and expansion of this effort.

The program begins during the summer when high school graduates are in residence at Bloomfield College. They attend classes designed to supplement their high school education. Extracurricular activities in the form of sports, interest groups and field trips are designed to expose the student to new experiences.

Six weeks campus residence during the summer months constitute the first phase of the program. During this time, students live in the college dormitories and attend classes each morning. Afternoons are given to selective courses, interest groups and athletics. Evenings are for study and social or other group events.

At the close of the summer program an admissions committee meets to determine if the student has the capability and desire to earn a baccalaureate degree at Bloomfield College. If accepted, he or she is granted an-all inclusive scholarship.

Once the student has matriculated, he becomes a full registered member of the regular Freshman Class. Tutorial assistance and counseling are available to the student throughout the Freshman year in addition to instruction in study skills, in the hope of bridging the gap between high school and the new atmosphere of the college life.

A grant from the Rockefeller Foundation has provided 20 Fellowships for a pilot program in the academic year 196869 and 1969-70. In later years the program expects to offer a large number of fellowships.

These Fellowships have been designated as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Fellowships and will be administered by the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation of Princeton, New Jersey.

Candidates will be selected from Negro veterans of outstanding promise to pursue graduate or professional school training for careers in public service to the nation and to their communities.

The candidates must hold a bachelor's degree and must be among those who have recently completed military service and must invest their G. I. edducational benefits which must be for at least one year's veterans' education entitlement.

Generally preference will be given to men under 30 years of age; however, women and men over 30 also will be considered.

All Fellowships are tenable for two years. The Foundation will add $270 a month to provide a total minimum living stipend of $400, tax free. In addition, the Foundation pays for tuition and fees.

Candidates interested in being considered for an award may obtain application forms and further information by writing to Hans Rosenhaupt, National Director, Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, Box 642, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

This is New Jersey's Educational Opportunity Program. It is designed to permit many who otherwise would not be able to earn a college degree to do so.

The basic requirement for admission is the desire and motivation to succeed in college.

Your contribution, as an Alpha Brother, is most important to the success of this program. If we are First of All, Servants of All, we must demonstrate this by giving our Time, our Talents and Financial support to this worthy program.

5

N u Chapter — Lincoln University — Oxford, Pennsylvania

W H Y THERE'S A N ALPHA? We often ponder the relevance of black fraternities, and the aims inherent in them. Here we present Alpha Phi Alpha.

To those who question the relevance of Alpha, we invite you to peruse the pages of Alpha's history, and black history.

After Reconstruction, the South began blatantly disfranchising, lynching, and regregating black people. Booker T. Washington's 'Atlanta Compromise' of 1 895 assured southern white people that the efforts of his brethern would be in agriculture, the trades, and common labor. Mr. Washington minimized the importance of higher education for black people. A year after the 'Atlanta Compromise', the Supreme Court gave its sanction to the 'separate but equal' doctrine in Plessy V. Ferguson. The 'Atlanta Compromise' in essence acquiesced with the nation that Sen. Ben Tillman of S. C. exhorted which said "We have scratched our heads to find out how we could eliminate the last one of them. We stuffed ballot boxes. We shot them (black people). We are not ashamed of it." Black people were also excluded from Southern tobacco and textile industries, and Northern iron, steel, and shoe factories which only opened "custodial and menial" tasks to black people. As a result of the 'Atlanta Compromose', philanthropic support for institutions of higher learning for black people trickled off.

Black intellectuals revolted. As Dr. DuBois expressed, "the controversey as it developed was not entirely against Mr. Washington's ideas, but became the insistence upon the right of other Negroes to have and express their ideas. Things came to such a pass that when any Negro complained or advocated a course of action, he was silenced with the remark that Mr. Washington did not agree with this." Twenty-nine black intelectuals and professionals met in Fort Erie, Canada to state unequivocably that it would "fight for all time against any proposal to educate black boys and girls simply as servants and underlings, or simply for the use of other people" . . . "it refused to allow the impression to remain that" 'the Negro-American assents to inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insult".

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They said in short, "I don't care a damn what Booker Washington thinks! This is what I think, and I have a right to think".

A group of black college students at Cornell University were appalled that the Niagara meeting had to be held on the Canadian side, and that segregation and lynching were spreading. For themselves they wanted the right to think and develop. As black students in a white university, they found themselves on the social periphery of college life. As a result of social proscriptions and limitations, they dec'ded to form a group to stimulate personal and close associations with each other. Out of this social—study club came the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. The jewels of the fraternity answered the call for black intellectual guidance both on campus and in the community.

Two basic notions bulwark Alpha, its sociality and service. Chapters of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity provide a lucrative social life for both the members of the fraternity, and the campus community it serves. Productive social intercourse is basic to a healthy college experience. All can agree that a healthy sociality is essential to a whole man.

Alpha was in the black community because it was a part of it. Even in the higher echeleons of government Alpha "assailing the ears of America" for its inhumanity to black brothers throughout the land. It was Alpha Phi Alpha which brought the Gaines Case, the Sweatt Case, and the Henderson Case before the Supreme Court which challenged the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine. Alpha men serve before the call has been issued. Campaigns such as Go-to-High-School-Go-to-College. financial support for civil rights activities, and innumerable scholarships.

Scholarship, sociality, and service are synomous with Alpha. Alpha men have blazed the trails of law. medicine, theology, business, music, and social action, and have left indelible footprints on the sands of time.

Here, we present Alpha Phi Fraternity, Inc.

Alpha

Plagued wih lack of black unity, a group of men at Lincoln University sought steps to resolve this problem. On November 22, 1912, Brother Charles Garvin set aside Nu Chapter at Lincoln.

The first charter members were Brothers: C. W. Cain, C. L. Aiken, William Jamison, H. C. Collins, Wesley Redd, Clinton Freeman, F. T. Jamison, J. B. Issacs, Tex Frazier, Frank Goss, Henery Bouden, William Townsend, Frank Myers, W. F. Jerrick. On Lincoln's campus today, Alpha has followed the historical and contemporary tradition—"First of All." For the past five years, Nu Chapter has instituted one of the most effective programs for aiding the children of the Lincoln University Village. This program is known as "Alpha Outreach". It was conceived by the National Organization as a means of improving the black community by means of education. On Saturdays, Brothers tutor children in University Hall. Another example of Nu Chapters service projects is sponsoring the repairment of the roof in Allen A.M.E. Church in Oxford. Reverend David Daniels, minister of the church praised Nu Chapter highly for the job, saying: "These men made a pledge to go work in the Vineyard. They did.

Those, who worked this cold Saturday were indeed tall, statures great He men. They left a shadow after themselves, footprints on the sands of these times. The whole church of Allen Thanks them."

Nu Chapter has been commended for such service projects by Dean Cheek and Dr. Harleston. In addition to service projects outside of the university community, Nu Chapter was responsible for the Christmas decoration of the cafeteria and honoring the birthdays of Brothers: W. E. B. DuBois and Martin Luther King.

Leadership has always been an outstanding characteristic of the Alpha man.

At Lincoln, Nu Chapter Court Justice; Joseph C. Woddy, Federal District Judge; Robert N. C. Nix, Pennsylvania Congressman; Hildrus Poindexter, world famous tropical disease expert; Horace

(Continued next page)

WHY THERE'S A N A L P H A (Continued from page 6) Mann Bond, Historian; and Robert L. Carter, former N.A.A.C.P. counselor.

Academically, Alpha has excelled winning the Phi Beta Kappa Scholarship Award (5) out of the (8) years of its ex'stence. This award is presented annually to the fraternity with the highest combined average during the years. Last year, among ths 1968 graduates from Lincoln, Brother Charles Saunders graduated Magna Cum laude while Brothers Aubrey Watkins and Allen Letsome graduated Cum laude. This past semester Brothers Thomas Moyer was named to the Dean's List while Brothers Leroy Bolton, David Pogue, Martino Black and Roufkes Reynolds made Honorable Mentions to the Dean's List.

Awards Won By Alphas Who Were Lincoln Graduates Henery W. B. Campbell Award — Brother Aubrey Watkins Hamilton Watch Leadership—Brother Charles R. Saunders Kappa Alpha Psi Harris Memorial Award—Brother Charles Saunders Wall Street Journal Subscription and Medal—Brother Aubrey Watkins The following Brothers are in campus leadership positions; Brother Stanley Best, Senator of the Junior Class, WLIU Newscaster Brother Charles Highgate, Organic Chemistry lab assistant, Parliamentarian Senior Class Brother Robert Jackson—Junior Class Parliamentarian, Yearbook Staff Brother David Herndon—French Aide Brother William Pollard—Vice President, WLIU; Yearbook Staff Brother Andre Roach — Advisor Philosophy Department

to

Brother Avery Robinson—French Aide Brother Roger V. Sherman—member of Student Government Brother Dellie Spencer — Yearbook Staff. Disk Jockey for WLIU, Treasurer of Pan Hellenic Council, Head of Intramural Bowling, Tutor in Economics Brother Samuel Ware—Secretary of Pan Hellenic Council Brother William McBride—History Tutor

Brother Craig Bannister—Board of Directors of WLIU, Executive Committee of Thurgood Marshall Law Society, Student Advisor to the New Curriculum Program, Social Institutions Tutor

Delta Sigma Lambda Meets the Challenge

Brother Lemire Leggette — Executive Committee of the Thurgood Marshall Law Society

Our retiring president, Attorney George Howard, broke tradition. He was the first officer (president) to serve more than two terms. More than that, he stimulated all brothers to take a greater part in the affairs of the City of Pine Bluff. During his tenure, brothers received appointments as indicated:

Brother Leroy Bolton — President of Chemistry Club

Doctor Robert Smith Bi-Racial Commission

Brothers Roger V. Sherman. DeWayne Ketchum, Alanzo Gipson, David Pogue and Leroy Bolton are Resident Assistants

Doctor R. Frank Bryant Sewer Commission

Alpha's Athletes at Lincoln

C. N. Toney Planning Commission

Brother Porter Brown—Student Supervisor of Cafeteria Brother Raymond book Staff

Brother Brother Track Brother Rugby Brother Brother Brother Brother Brother

Dickerson—Year-

Alanzo Gipson; Tennis David Pogue; Cross Country, Roger V. Sherman; Wrestling William Pollard; Rugby Dellie Spencer Jr.; Baseball Ainsley Creary; Baseball James Nichlas; Soccer Lemire Leggette; Baseball

Alpha's in John Miller Dickey Society Brother Brother Brother Brother Brother

Alanzo Gipson Charles Highgate Raymond Dickerson Dennis Dickerson Craig Bannister

Alpha's on Ebony Ensemble Brother Albert Howard Brother Andre Roach Alpha's on Dormitory Councils Brother Brother Brother Brother Brother Brother

Roger V. Sherman Stanley Best Charles Highgate William Pollard Craig Bannister Lemire Leggette

Alpha's on Lincoln's Board of Trustees Brother Wayman R. Coston In conclusion, throughout the course of history Alpha Phi Alpha has been imitated several times, but never successfully duplicated. We have consistently been the standard-setters in all areas of endeavor. Past, present, and future history will attest to the fact that Alpha Phi Alpha is "First of All".

Doctor C. Hyman Civil Service Commission Chairman, Arkansas State Advisory Board to United States Commission on Civil Rights C. E Hynes Member of Board of American Red Cross and Secretary to Board of Office of Economic Opportunity Brother Vanette Johnson, recently filed suit against Governor Rockefeller of Arkansas, Secretary of State, Kelly Bryant and Mayor Austin Franks of Pine Bluff. In essence, city aldermen are elected on a city wide basis. Under this system, Negroes cannot possibly be elected as aldermen even though certain wards are predominently Negro. Brother Johnson contends aldermen should be elected by wards. Brother Howard represents Brother Johnson in this suit.

Brother L. O. Coleman was elected President of the City's Graduate Chapter of Pan-Hellenic Council for 1969. Brother Booker d e m o n s was called to grand jury duty (a first).

The mantle of leadership now passes to Brother O. T "Chuck" Shannon. His program indicated that "Alpha" will continue to be the guiding light for the citizens of Pine Bluff.

C E. Hynes Editor to Sphinx

7

University of Georgia Accepts

Alpha Undergrad Chapter A Phi A is Action-Oriented

By Jean Goldsmith University of Georgia We were sitting at our usual place downstairs in Bolton Hall, digesting food and conversation, when a considerable amount of applause was heard from the upper level.

"What's going asked. "Let's go as eaters rushed a glimpse of the

on?" one of the boys see!" Tables emptied to the stairs to catch action.

Upstairs, amid tables, diners and browsers, were seven black students in matching gold shirts and ties, black slacks, socks and shoes, with a bandana tied around the neck of each. Seven shining black paddleboards with the Greek letters A Phi A on them leaned against a wall. The students sang and danced. "Great!" a few people said, "It's about time the fraternities started showing some imagination in their pledge initiation stunts!"

A Phi A is the first integrated fraternity, and is affiliated both nationally and internationally. Members include such people as the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Adam Clayton Powell, Hubert Humphrey, Frederick Douglass, Sen Edward Brooks — the list continues.

Walter Ware, one of the three brothers helping to establish a house on the UGa campus, informed me that almost any outstanding black man I could name would probably be a member of A Phi A. Interesting to note, too, that of the top positions in OEO filled by black men, coincidentally everyone of them is an A Phi A brother "We mold leaders," Ware told me.

"This is not a social fraternity in the strictest sense of the word. It is a service fraternity. Its existence is a service, in that it will fill a social void for blacks on campus. The fraternity will serve as a liason, a representative, for the black population at the university.

8

"The pledges are writing up a program of services for next year including both campus and community. We need to initiate problems and rid ourselves of them legally. We encourage knowledge and achievement, among high school students especially. We give away a great many scholarships, we work with tutorial programs, we hold dances where they can come into contact with both the brothers and members of other high schools. We'd like to help out in voter's service.

"Our fraternity encourages the intellectual part of a man—how much he's willing to offer in order to help make America into the kind of place it's supposed to be for all people.

"The fraternity got started on this campus when a few young men asked me about it. Their fathers, or friends, or successful people they admired and felt they'd like to be like were members.

Some of them had been approached by members of white fraternities and felt that joining was not the thing to do, that they should organize their own fraternity, where they'd feel more like members, and members of something worthwhile.

"We don't feel that we'll meet with any trouble in setting up the fraternity —everyone has been extremely cooperative so far. The IFC has been really helpful. The BSU has been cooperative.

They see this as beneficial to them in achieving some of their demands. Many of the things they said are valid and should be given consideration. We have progressed a lot—but many things are still to be done. This is not the time to be complacent.

"We have a problem with these very militant people — fraternities must define themselves with regard to where they stand — their position as far as the black man is concerned. A lot of militants have not learned to appreciate the role of the black fraternity in the past—at the time A Phi A was formed, it was considered a very militant move, for they were advocating black power—economic, educational, political and social power.

They were advocating service and the need to help, this is one reason why black fraternities cannot be described as social fraternities. They have been most concerned with service.

(Atlanta Constitution)

Scholarship Program at Illinois Tech.

CHICAGO — A new program of grants and loans for law enforcement students and personnel was announced today by Robert B. Holmes, director of financial assistance at Illinois Institute of Technology.

Mr. Holmes, who also is assistant dean of students, said that federal funds for this program will be provided under the "Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968." Grants to $600 per year and loans to $1,800 annually are anticipated for the 1969 spring term.

The grants are available to both parttime and full-time students majoring in an area related to law enforcement. At IIT such areas include public administration, political science, urban affairs, computer science, economics, and business management. Additional courses in criminology and juvenile delinquency planned for the fall semester.

Loans up to $1,800 per year will be available to full-time employees of publicly-funded law enforcement agencies who wish to improve their skills, work ability, or overall job functioning. In addition to the scholastic courses mentioned above, other curricula that could qualify for a federal loan includes English composition, biology, mechanical engineering, electronics, and engineering graphics. These loans can be forgiven at the rate of 25 per cent for each year of work in the field after the negotiation was made.

Although prospective a p p l i c a n t s could be enrolled in a variety of curricula, Dean Holmes pointed out that students should give particular attention to the Master of Public Administration degree.

For more information about the program, interested students should contact the Dean of Students Office, Room 101, Main Building, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111. 60616.

PAST PRESIDENT NEWSOM HONORED

Past General President and Mrs. Lionel H. Newsom enjoy a chat with Dr. James Snylie, President ot Queens College.

CHARLOTTE, N. C. — In a precedent setting occasion, Johnson C. Smith University President Lionel H. Newsom, became the first administrator of a traditionally Black college to be honored and welcomed by the Chamber of Commerce of a metropolis, Southern City.

Two hundred and fifty guests bedecked the Capitol Room in Charlotte's White House Inn, January 29, to welcome the new Smith President to the Queen City. On hand to greet Dr. and Mrs. Newsom at the black tie affair were Mayor Stanford R. Brookshire, Mecklenburg County Commissioners, officials of the Chamber of Commerce, trustees of Smith and the Duke Endowment, the presidents of the area colleges, and friends and supporters of the 102 year old institution.

Following dinner and several welcoming remarks by Charlotte officials, Toastmaster "Bud" Coira presented the honoree.

Dr. Newsom delivered a wide-ranging speech on the black colleges today and Johnson C. Smith University's relationship with the city of Charlotte.

"I was not invited here to beat the Chamber of Commerce over the head for things undone in the past," the stately educator intoned, "but to talk about opportunities in the present and future. There is a rumor afloat that Johnson C. Smith is a wealthy school because of its Duke Endowment support . . . let me hasten to point out that there are only three traditionally Negro colleges with endowments exceeding $10 million, and JCSU is not one of the three."

"We at Smith are constantly in search of new sources of revenue." Commenting on the Charlotte community's benevolence to Smith, Newsom iterated, "I am ashamed to say that Smith has receievd less than $20,000 from Charlotte business and industries for the last five years while its students, faculty, and the school itself were busy spending over twenty million in the Metrolina area."

"Some large corporations give the UNCF several thousand dollars to be split among 36 struggling, private institutions and in return get a million dollars worth of publicity. We are appreciative of any gift," the tall Texan stated, "but to be meaningful, these institutions must have sizable gifts."

Past General President William H. Hale and Brother J. J. Seabrook

Two Alpha Brothers reminisce over things remembered at Langston University in Oklahoma. On the left is seen Brother Doctor William H. Hale, President of Langston University since 1960, and the twentieth man to serve as General President of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, and his former teacher at Langston University, Brother Doctor J. J. Seabrook, retired after a long and distinguished career in education, which included presidencies of Claflin College and of HustonTillotson College.

Dr. Seabrook was in Oklahoma attending a Higher Education Workshop of the United Methodist Church.

Brother Seabrook was initiated into Alpha Phi Chapter at Clark College, Atlanta, Georgia, 1928. Brother Hale was initiated in 1937 into Beta Kappa Chapter, located on the campus at Langston.

Concerning the job the Black colleges have of educating 129,000 Afro-American youths, many three years behind his white counterpart, Dr. Newsom chided, "It should not surprise anyone here if many Negro students perform poorly on SAT tests . . . the surprise should be that many are able to do so well in spite of such devastating disadvantages."

On Afro-American studies, the past General President of Alpha Phi Alpha, Inc., told the attentive gathering, "We can develop the area of black studies so that many whites and blacks can find a well balanced approach at J. C. Smith . . . our students will be competent chemist, administrators, and mathematicians, not only Black chemist, etc. If quantity (A + B (A--B) is a 2-b2 for the white student, then it must be the same for the black."

Calling for an end of a century of separateness between Smith and the community, the new president emphasized that Smith has a "reciprocal relationship" with Charlotte as the community has an indebtedness to Smith.

Dr. Newsom indicated that a five or six million dollar fund drive would start soon and that JCSU would be counting heavily on Charlotteans for help which has never been forthcoming during the institutions century of growth and development.

Bro. Ralph K. Frasier Named Vice President

ALPHAS S E R V E . . .

Brother Roscoe Bunn

Bro. M. M. Taylor, Lieut. U S Air Force

Serving in Viet Nam is: Matthew M. Taylor Rank: 1st Lieutenant Serial no.

FV3192903 United States Air Forces.

Chapter: Beta Kappa Lambda, Charleston, South Carolina.

Lt. Taylor joined the Beta Omicron Chapter at Tennessee A. & I. State University in 1964. In 1967 he joined the graduate chapter, Beta Kappa Lambda, in Charleston, South Carolina.

He received his commission in June, 1966 and began active duty in September, 1966. Upon completion of his training as an Accounting and Finance officer at Sheppard AFB, Texas, he was assigned to Charleston AFB, South Carolina. Presently he is serving as Chief of Pay and Collecting at Phu Cat AFB, South Viet Nam.

Serving in Viet Nam is Sp/4 Roscoe S. Bunn. He is from Beta Eta, Southern III. University. Submitted by his wife, Mrs. Jacqueline Bunn, Champaign, Illinois.

The Directors of Wachovia Bank & Trust Company, N. A. in a recent meeting promoted Ralph Kennedy Fraisier to the position of Vice President in the bank's general offices in Winston-Salem, Fraisier will head up the bank's legal department.

He joined the bank in 1965 and was elected Assistant Secretary in 1966 and promoted to Assistant Vice President in 1968.

Frasier was born in Winston-Salem and moved to Durham with his parents at a very early age. He attended elementary and high school in Durham. He attended the University of North Carolina and graduated from North Carolina College and the School of Law of that institution.

Bro. Frasier serves as Secretary of Alpha Pi Lambda Chapter, WinstonSalem. His father has been an active member of Beta Theta Lambda Chapter, Durham, N. C. for 25 years and a member of the Fraternity 40 years.

ALPHAS IN T H E A R M E D SERVICES Many Alpha Brothers

are stationed in Viet N a m and other

countries

abroad. If you are serving in Viet N a m or elsewhere, or know of an Alpha Brother who is, please send the following information to Editor of the S P H I N X , 4728 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, 111. 6 0 6 1 5 .

Photos and news items will also be appreciated.

Serving in Viet Nam is: Name

Rank

BLACKS SERVED BEFORE TODAY . .

Serial number

Branch of service

Military mailing address

Submitted by: (your name/relationship) LERONE BENNETT HISTORIAN Read his testimony, page 19

10

Address

Chapter

A record was set when the midwest met . . . St. Louis, Mo.

Midwestern

Past Vice President Scott Honored

Awardees "All-Time Midwestern Hall of Fame": Brother Ronald William Bailey, Gamma Tau Chapter, East Lansing, Michigan.

Brother Wilbert Byrd, Alpha Tau Chapter, Akron, Ohio.

Brother Ferdinan Benjamin Clarke, Zeta Delta Lambda Chapter, Springfield, Ohio.

Brother Louis L Flowers, Delta Chi Lambda Chapter, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Brother Lawrence C. George, Epsilon Psi Chapter, Rolla, Missouri.

Brother Wayne C. Harvey, Epsilon Psi Chapter, Rolla, Missouri.

Brother William Paris, Jr., Theta Chapter, Chicago, Illinois.

Brother A. J. Richards, Gamma Beta Lambda Chapter, Frankfort, Kentucky.

Brother Edmond Steele, Gamma Rho Lambda Chapter, Gary, Indiana.

Brother Robert Stubblefield, Alpha Xi Lambda Chapter, Toledo, Ohio.

Brother George W. Hilliard, Delta Chi Lambda Chapter, Milwaukee, iWsc. Brother Randle E. Pollard Delta Chi Lambda Chapter, Milwaukee, Wise.

The 1969 Award Winners are as follows: Brother James R. Williams, Eta Tau Lambda Chapter, Akron, Ohio: "Most outstanding graduate brother."

Brother William Paris, Jr., Theta Chap

CERTIFICATE — For 60 years of service and membership in Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mr. G. W. A. Scott (centeer) has been presented a certificate of merit by the Alpha Nu Lambda (Tuskegee, Ala.) chapter of the fraternity .W. L. Lassiter, president of Alpha Nu Lambda chapter, made the presentation to Bro. Scott during the chapter's Brotherhood Observance program. Dr. Walter J. Sapp (right) is vicepresident of Alpha Nu Lambda chapter. Bro. Scott once served as general vice president of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, was founder of Eta chapter and a charter member of Alpha Nu Lambda chapteer. Alpha Nu Lambda has also honored Bro. Scott with a lifetime chapteer membership which exempts him from further financial obligations.

ter, Chicago, Illinois "Most outstanding undergraduate brother."

Brother John F. Mathews, Gamma Beta Lambda Chapter, Frankfort, Kentucky:

"Honorable mention graduate brother."

Theta Nu Chapter, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois: "Most outstanding undergradate chapter."

11

Brother Duke at The White House Brother Edward Kennedy Ellington — "THE DUKE" celebrated his 71st birthday at the White House as guest of President and Mrs. Nixon recently. Truly "The Duke" was "The King" that night. As composer, conductor, pianist — Brother Ellington was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, — the highest civilian medal the Government can bestow, and it was the first Freedom Medal given by President Nixon.

Surely the Presidential Metal of Freedom awarded "THE DUKE" by the President enhancing the Duke's immortality.

Brother Edward Kennedy Ellington, who remembers President Theodore Roosevelt stopping his horse to watch him and other little boys play baseball on 16th St. in Washington, went back to his home town, to celebrate his 70th birthday at the White House.

Brother Ellington, whose nickname Duke was bestowed in a Washington high school because he was such a snappy dresser, sat in impeccable garb at a relaxed news conference and discussed his life and music.

"I write music just about every day. You have to wait until a state of mental isolation sets in, and you just sit there and stagnate in your melody. You splash it all over, you, to see how it feels."

He is writing two operas, Brother Ellington said. Between two trips to the dentist Thursday he had been composing a movie score.

His second sacred concert, "Praise God and Dance," is about to be released as a recording and a third sacred concert is forming in his mind. "I almost know what I'm going to say in it. Our attempt is to do sort of fire-and-brimstone sermonettes."

WHY DOES HE KEEP UP the pace? "This is what I do. A change of pace could be shocking. I don't think shock is good, and my doctor doesn't think so either. Retirement is never considered."

Asked whether the current emphasis on black heritage influences his music, Ellington said, "Oh, we've been African all the way back. We wrote 'Black Beauty' in 1928. 'Black and Tan Fantasy' in 1927."

12

ALPHA MEN ON THE MOVE...

Brother Walter Washington

President Nixon Appoints Brother Brown Chairman of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

To Head Alcorn A & M College

Bro. W. Washington

Bro. Walter Washington, president of Utica Junior College, has been appointed president of Alcorn A. and M. College by the Board of Trustees of Institutions of Higher Learning of the State of Mississippi to take office July 1, 1969.

Bro. Washington received the Bachelor of Arts Degree from Tougaloo College in 1948; the Masters Degree from Indiana University in 1952; the Education Specialist from George Peabody College, Nashville, Tennessee in 1958, and is now a doctoral candidate for the August Commencement at the University of Southern.

Mississippi. Bro. Washington is married to the former Carolyn Carter of Canton, Mississippi. Mrs. Washington holds the Bachelor of Arts Degree from Tougaloo College; the Master of Arts Degree from the University of Wisconsin; and the Education Specialist Degree from the University of Illinois, and has done further study at Mississippi State University.

Brother Washington is a member of Alpha Epsilon Lambda Chapter of Jackson, Mississippi. He has served as State Director of Mississippi; Southern Vice President; member of the Internal Structure Committee; chairman of the Committee on Standards and Extension, presi-

Taken in the White House Rose Garden at the swearing in of Brother William H. Brown, III as a member and Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Brother Brown's wife, Sonia, held the Bible while Judge John Sirica administered the oath. The Brown's daughter, Michell, was there to observe.

dent of the National Pan-Hellenic Council; and now is the official representative of the Fraternity to the National PanHellenic Council. Has not missed a national convention since he was initiated and has missed only two regional conventions. He is a life member of the Fraternity.

Memories . . . Sphinx

OCTOBER, 1937

President Washington's educational experience has included the following positions: a teacher at Holtzclaw High School, Crystal Springs, Mississippi; assistant principal of Parish High School, Hazelhurst, Mississippi; principal of Summer Hill High School, Clinton, Mississippi; dean of Utica Junior College, and is now president of Utica Junior College.

He has been president of the Mississippi Teachers Association; National Pan-Hellenic Council and the National Alumni Council of the United Negro College Fund.

He is a member of Delta Kappa Pi Honorary Society; Phi Delta Kappa; and Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.

Bro. Ralph H. Metcalfe

Celebrated Olympic star, who is making a remarkable record as Athletic Director at Xavier University, New Orleans, La. His track team won recognition this past spring at Marquette University, Metcalfe's alma mater, in the high jump event.

(See page 14) 13

Chicago's 'No. 2' M a n . . .

Bro. Ralph H. Metcalfe Faces His Big Challenge As the new president pro tern of the city council, Aid. Ralph H. Metcalfe holds the most powerful city post of any Negro in Chicago history.

Recalls His Days At Tilden High School

"The job is a lot of work and a big challenge," the veteran 3rd ward alderman said, "and I intend to address myself to it."

As president pro tern, Metcalfe will preside over council meetings in the absence of Mayor Daley.

He also is ex-officio member of all council committees, which means he must attend all committee meetings and vote in case of a tie.

He also is to represent the mayor at official gatherings when Daley is unable to attend.

"I guess that sort of mayor," said Metcalfe, council seat in 1955 as tege of Rep. William L.

makes me vice who won his a political proDawson.

Metcalfe, 59, a sprinting star in the 1932 and 1936 Olympics, will retain his chairmanship of the influential building and zoning committee.

"There is no question that this new appointment is a step forward for black people," Metcalfe said. "All my life I have been working for the goal that people should be accepted for their ability and not the pigment of their skin or their ethnic background.

"I do not believe I was picked for the job because I'm black," he said. "The precedent has been set for picking the best man for the job—and I don't mean to sound immodest with that statement."

He candidly admits that his 21-yearold son, Ralph Jr., a junior economics major at Columbia university, is something of a racial activist.

"He was quite active in the take-over of buildings at Columbia last year, and it caused us considerable concern," Metcalfe said. "He is sincerely interested in the advancement of black people and

14

Brother Metcalfe congratulates the students of his Alma Mater, Tilden Technical High School, Chicago, Illinois. Brother Metcalfe was an outstanding athlete at Tilden Tech.

(Photo — Chicago

making them an itegral part of our society, and is determined to work in the direction of righting the wrongs in our society."

Metcalfe said his son is far from radical, however, picking and choosing between the ideas of Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and the Rev. Martin Luther King.

"I don't think there's any generation gap between us. We have a real dialog.

"But I happen to believe in what I think is a more mature approach", Metcalfe said. "I'm for progress and getting things done, and rather than getting my name in the papers or on TV by criticizing other people, I do my fighting in the city council committees.

"I think that as a result of such efforts, we accomplish more for all of Chicago, black and white alike."

Of certain other black aldermen who have been termed more liberal, Metcalfe said: "That's a misnomer. They are anti-

Today)

Daley, anti-administration, but not more liberal."

Metcalfe said he wants to concentrate on the issues that most concern him — crime, inner city housing, and education.

"There is huge gap between the white and black schools. I know. I was educated in the ghetto. The whole system of education has been a failure, and we are so far behind that only a massive 'shock treatment' of money can meet the challenge."

Metcalfe is a 1930 graduate of Tilden Tech who received a Ph. B. degree at Marquette university and a master's degree in physical education at the University of Southern California in 1939. His major break in politics came when he was elected Democratic 3rd ward committeeman in 1952.

Bro. Metcalfe confided that he has "considered branching out" in politics, but said, "I have a lot of time before 1970 to make that decision. Right now I'm going to go on just doing my job."

CHAPTER NEWS

[psilon \\ Western Michigan University

MIDWEST N O M I N E E

Other interesting and proud facts are: Brother Milton E. Clark, Jr. holds the rank of Major in Army ROTC at W.M.U. and is presently ranked number 2 ROTC cadet in the nation. Epsilon Xi is proud of Brother Clark and wishes him all successes in his career. Brother Joseph J. Carlos of Epsy Xi, was elected President of the Michigan State Convention of Undergraduate Chapters. A trio of Brothers and Miss Tina Brown were last year's winners of the annual Sigma Pi

High School

Regional Assistant Vice President

Scholarship To: All General Officers and Chapters of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated FROM: Chairman of the Alpha Phi Alpha Education Foundation, T. D. Pawley, III SUBJECT: Coca Cola-Alpha Phi Alpha Scholarship

Moves Forward We would like to take this opportunity to proudly inform the Brotherhood of the history making accomplishments of the Epsilon Xi Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity at Western Michigan University.

On January 26, 1969 the Sweetheart of Epsilon Xi, Miss Chere Glass, a sophomore from Lansing was crowned the 1969 Western Michigan Snow Queen From a field of 52 contestants, Miss Glass climbed to the pennacle of the competition. At one point during the contest Chere related her most rewarding experience to the audience as that of being choosen Sweetheart of Epsilon Xi. It was the first time at western that a Black woman has ever been crowned Snow Queen or any other type of queen in the history of the school. Miss Glass represented the school and Alpha Phi Alpha well in her new capacity and we were very proud of her.

On February 13, 1969 the treasure of Epsy Xi, Brother Duane Miller after waging a strong, hard and confidence campaign under the theme of "Unity and Equality" was elected president of the Student Association of Western Michigan University. Once again the proud men of the Epsilon Xi Chapter were making history at Western .Brother Miller is the first Black man to be elected to a major position in student government at W.M.U. He has a plan of action to unify the student body, both black and white, in a common direction and on an equal basis. We are proud of Brother Miller and wish him all successes in his forthcoming administrative year at Western.

EDUCATION

Brother

"Dick"

Davidson

all —• campus Talent Show. Epsilon Xi also took first honors in the all-campus track meet last year and did nso again this year hands down.

We are proud of our Chapter and know that all the Brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha share in this pride with us. Epsy know that all the Brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha share in this pride with us. Epsy Xi is a happily tight-knit chapter, mixing fun and education in a perfect balance.

We invite all Brother to Western to check us out and we guarantee you will remember us lorrjf after leaving.

As we say here at Epsilon Xi. . .

"A PHI ME and YOU!" Fraternally, Henry J. Carter President, Epsilon Xi

The Coca Cola Company will present a $1,500 scholarship to a high school senior in the Fraternity's Southwest Region at our General Convention in Houston.

Nominations are now being solicited from all chapters for the 1970 recipient who will be selected from the nation at large. Nominees should be high school seniors during the year 1969-70. They should be submitted on official chapter stationery over the signature of the Chapter President or Chapter Director of Educational Activities to: The National Scholarship Service and Fund for Negro Students, 1776 Broadway, New York, New York 10019.

A duplicate copy of all nominees should be sent to the Chairman of the Education Foundation. Final selection of recipients will be made by the Foundation.

Students nominated become eligible for guidance in securing financial assistance by NSSFNS regardless of whether they win *he Coca Cola Companys Award.

In making nominatioiis the major consideration should be need and ability.

MOVED OR CHANGED ADDRESS If so, please fill in the information (type or print) requested belo wand return to the Editor, Alpha Phi Alpha General Headquarters, 4432 Martin Luther King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60653.

Name

Chapter

New Address City

State

Zip

Old Address City State Zip Send $1.00 if you want issue mailed.

Changes of address received from the Post Office are expensive and sometimes inaccurate. The return of this coupon will enable us to up-date your master membership records and assure delivery of THE SPHINX. 15

Black Power: A Creative Force in America's Complete Development A Compendium of Quotable Quotes Prepared for the General Convention of ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY, INC. August 2-6, 1969, Mouston ,Texas by Wright L. Lassister, Jr., President Alpha Nu Lambda Chapter Tuskegee Institute, Alabama

"The theme is black — black pride, pride not only in himself, but in his community, heritage, and race."

— Billy Joe Tidwell * * * * "Black power is the ability of black people to politically get together and organize themselves so that they can speak from a position of strength rather than a position of weakness."

— Stokley Carmichael * * * * "Freedom Now! is addressed to whites; it is a shorthand version of 'Give us freedom now!' But Black Power is addressed to Negroes; it is a call to mobilize their full social weight for the achievement of certain goals. The essence of the shift is psychological. It has nothing to do with black supremacy, but much to do with manhood and self-reliance."

— Richard Bone * * * * "The Negro has surfaced from under the confining and directing hand of a white society and will now conduct his struggle as he sees fit. This is not separatism, nor a prelude to widespread violence, nor a 'taking of the law into their own hands; this is simply a "taking of themselves into their own hands — an assertion that the Negro is finally able to act as a man, not as the mythical creation bordering on invisibility which he was previously."

— C. E. Vanderwarker 3fC

?|C

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"It is not really a 'Negro revolution' that is upsetting this country. What is upsetting the country is a sense of its own identity. If, for example, one managed to change the curriculum in all the schools so that Negroes learned more about themselves and their real contributions to this culture, you would be liberating not only Negroes, you'd be liberating white people who know nothing about their own history. And the reason is that if you are compelled to lie about one aspect of anybody's history, you must lie about it all. If you have to lie about my real role here, if you have to pretend that I hoed all that cotton just because I loved you, then you have done something to yourself. You are mad."

— James Baldwin from "A Talk to Teachers," December 1963 16

"Black Power proposes the practice of 'participatory democracy'." Black Power represents a dynamic and conclusive effort at preserving the culture and very existence of a people; it is the ability to make government take one seriously. Black Power, through parallel institutions, functions within the legitimate framework. Its enemies — poverty, hunger, ignorance — are the initiators of riots and civil disorders, not the idealogy itself. Black Power advocates are attempting to replace existing institutions with more equitable institutions but through orderly procedures. Black power rose amidst the frustration and social injustice of the urban ghettos. It rose to remedy the situation, not to exploit it. Black Power is the nationalism of a subculture, the reform program of an oppressed people, and the reflection of a goal. Any attempt to define, to limit its scope, or to confine its dynamism will be futile. . . Man is trapped in a situation of his own making.

White society, divided as it is over the question of meeting the demands of black society, remains stagnated. Into this situation, propelled by the promise of the ideology and the frustration which the stagnation of white society has inflicted, the new proponents of "black power" emerge to claim the fruits of revolution. In the face of all hostility 'black power' will triumph, if only to be rewarded with the ashes of those elements which they have denied to white America."

—Harold C. Relyea Journal of Human Relations (1968). * * * * "We are seeking to help all our citizens realize their true, creative potential and to move toward a new type of society that is not a replica of any past culture or any single group, but is a culture that has absorbed the best from each. It is not a matter of Negroes giving up all that has been part of their community, their background and their culture and adopting all that is white. Cut of the years of suffering and deprivation the Negro has developed certain qualities—humaneness, compassion, patience and endurance — and certain values that should be useful to whites either as individuals or in organizations. It was these qualities of perseverance, patience, resilience, of ability to adjust and adapt that were the sustaining pillars of Negro life. These qualities are important to this nation which finds itself in a situation of leadership that is severely challenged, one in which it must make compromises and must adapt."

—Whitney Young To Be Equal

Black Power: A Creative Force in America's Complete Development Cont'd from page 16 "I do not equate Black Power to calculated acts of instrumental violence. Clearly some people do. Many people who engage in expressive violence obviously relate to Black Power.

What this means is that there are many conceptions rolled into this one phrase. And that is quite understandable. Black Power as a concept clearly takes many forms. It has many different meanings both to those who use it, and to those who hear it and react to it. Black Power, as I relate to it and use it clearly means (1) a new, different way to create institutions of legitimacy for Black Americans; (2) it is a way to create confidence in one's self and group and to overcome alienation. It is, in my mind, a clear alternative to acts of expressive and instrumental violence, because it means the legitimate involvement of masses of black people in activities and institutions which affect their lives. Black Power is not only interested in an equitable distribution of goods and services; it is also vitally concerned with an equitable distribution of decision-making powers. Black Power, then, speaks not only to the substance, the end results (more jobs, houses, etc.), but also to the process (more power in decision-making) by which the results are achieved. Always, we are concerned with phenomenon of legitimacy."

—Charles V. Hamilton March 28, 1968 * * * * "The slogan of 'Black Power' has caused widespread confusion and alarm. This is partly due to a problem inherent in language: words necessarily reduce complex attitudes or phenomena to symbols which, in their abbreviation, allow for a variety of interpretations. If Black Power means that Negroes should organize politically and enconomically in order to develop self-regard and to exert maximum pressure, then the new philosophy would be difficult to fault, for it would be based on the truism that minorities must argue from positions of strength rather than weakness, that the majority is far more likely to make concessions to power than to justice. The philosophy of Black Power is thus a blend of varied, in part contending, elements, and it cannot be predicted with any certainty which will assume dominance. Black Power is both a product of our society and a repudiation of it. The nation as a whole has created the climate in which earlier tactics no longer seem relevant, in which new directions become mandatory if frustration is to be met and hope maintained. And if the new turn proves a wrong one, if Black Power forecloses rather animates further debate on the Negro's condition, of it destroys previous alliances without opening up promising new options, it is the nation as a whole that must bear the responsibility. There seems little likelihood that the American majority will admit to that responsibility."

— Martin Duberman * * * * "Black Power can be the key to reaching the masses of the oppressed in the ghettoes, whose untapped resources are the key to achieving the unfulfilled promises of the past."

— Howard N. Meyer

"The Black Power people believe this is a Negro problem they will solve themselves; it is not; it can't be. Black power makes sense if it's a mother telling a child to grow up and be somebody, if it can rally people to the positive, if it can renew faith. But unless black power is designed to achieve a goal acceptable to our democracy and to fulfill the dream of equality, it's going nowhere. The separatists are running very fast, but in the wrong direction. It's not easy to know both sides and make each one see the other. That's why the major thrust must not be to raise the Negro by his bootstraps. It has to raise white America by its bootstraps so it can see the problems and the issues and come to grips with reality." * * * * —Sterling Tucker "If I am not for myself, then who is for me, and if I am for myself alone, then what am I and if not now, when."

—Rabbi Hillel * * * * "Black Power arises out of years of people feeling that they were powerless, people knowing that they had been set apart and people knowing they were powerless."

—Percy E. Sutton * * * * "Black Power is the most creative social concept of our century. It asks who we are and to what purpose have we been created. Black Power speaks to the basic purpose of education and all of life. It will mean growth for the white community as well as the Black."

—Nathan Wright * * * * "Black Power does not mean violence, but it will give black men a sense of pride and of solidarity and will make them unwilling to continue to bear exploitation. The direction which Black Power will take depends upon White Power. If White Power acts wisely and with all speedy urgency in making this a livable country for every man, then there will be no reason to fear Black Power."

—Negro Digest, November 1966, p. 96. sfc

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*

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"There was an old wise man, vastly respected for his knowledge. People came to him for advice and leadership, and all in the realm bowed before him. Then, one day, young dissidents decided to fault him and destroy the confidence and reputation he enjoyed. " 'We will hold up a small bird,' the dissidents said, 'and ask the old man, in front of the people, whether the bird is dead or alive. If he says it is dead we will pass it to him and all will see it fly away, and know the old man is wrong and his advice is bad; if he says it is alive, we will strangle it quickly, and hold it up, so that all can see the bird is dead, and the people will know that the old man is wise no more and should never again be followed.' So they held up the small bird to the old man: 'Old Man, Old Man, tell us, in your wisdom, is this bird dead or alive?' The old man looked at the dissidents, and at the crowd, and said, 'It's in your hands; it's in your hands'."

As told by Sterling Tucker 17

DELTA MU IN OLE MISS... Rolling Along

Brother Ervin Barnes — Alpha Kappa Mu; Special study at Harvard U.; Junior; Mathematics major Collins, Miss.; Honor Student.

Brother Ross Story — Who's Who; Agriculture Club; Honor Student; Cleveland, Miss; Senior, Agriculture Education major.

Miss Kathleen Graham — Sweetheart of Delta Kappa, 1968-69 Member: Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority; Phi Beta Lambda Business Club; Junior Class; Business Education; Greenwood, Mississippi.

Brother Julius E. Thompson—Alpha Kappa Mu; Who's Who; poetry pub.

In Negro Digest, Nat'l Poetry Press; Honor Student, special study at Columbia and Yale Universities.

Brother Johnny Hardin — Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society; Phi Beta Lambda; Honor Student; Newman Club (former, President); Debating Club; Senior, Natchez, Mississippi; Business Administration, major.

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A Brother Louis Dalton — President of the Senior Class; Honor Student; Social Science major.

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Brother Walteer Fleming — President of Delta Kappa; Sunday School; Agriculture Club; Agriculture Education major.

Brother Phillip Fleming—Who's Who; Alpha Kappa Mu (President, 196869); Phi Beta Lambda; Honor Student; Business Administration major; Natchez, Miss.

Lerone Bennett

testifies:

The Black Mm Left Out of United States History Texts..."

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Historian

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Editor's Note: On the following pages, excerpts from Hearings before the AD Hoc Subcommittee on De Facto School Segregation, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Eighty-Ninth Congress, Second Session, held in Washington, D. C, August 23, 24, 30, 31; and September 1, 1966, Brother Adam C. Powell, Chairman

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BROTHER ADAM CLAYTON POWELL

STATEMENT OF LEEONE BENNETT, EDITOR AND AUTHOR, JOHNSON PUBLISHING CO., CHICAGO, ILL. Mr. BURTON. I t is good to have you with us.

Mr. BENNETT. T h a n k you, Mr. Chairman.

I would like to say first of all I have been specializing in the writing of books and feature articles on the history of the American Negro in life and culture. I have prepared a statement and I would like to read excerpts from t h a t statement, and then I would like to take what I consider a very average American history textbook and indicate some of the things I am talking about in my statement.

Mr. BORTON. W i t h o u t objection, the statement will appear in the record.

STATEMENT OF LEKONE BENNETT, J E . , AUTHOB AND SENIOR EDITOR, EBONY MAGAZINE

America's current domestic crisis is a reflection of the failure of our schools to perform their basic function of preparing youths to live productive and mature lives in a multiracial society. ^ J h i s f a i l u r e is rooted in an ensemble of factors, including the serious distorNimissioiiski textbooks and teaching materials. And it is my opinion, "I""*' U l ^ > _ _ ^ > * ' " ^ v u x i t c r s andi scholars in this field, that segregated textBeyond a r P r i ^ - r ^ ^ ^ ^ j """'»o>'* «)giuse of words, symbols, and ideas—are as erally-funded and r e T f e r & i ^ ^ ^ m ^ ^ ^»«-»~«egated schools and residential teaching materials that srive a linlmmii |in i ^ ^ ^ _ _ T **'»' " j a i l external Opponents of this view have raised the question oT>t?k v^^^"*" s *<&i^ opinion, they are 100 years too late. The problem now is notimr»w*TTjN^___^ ship; the problem is ending a tie facto censorship which stands between the American educational system and its historic mission of creating one people out of many.

Mr. BENNETT. America's current domestic crisis is a reflection of the failure of our schools to perform their basic function of preparing youths to live productive and mat tire lives in a multiracial society.

This failure is rooted in an ensemble of factors, including the serious distortions and omissions in textbooks and teaching materials. And it is my opinion, and the opinion of many writers and scholars in this field, that segregated textbooks—the segregated and segregating use of words, symbols, and ideas—are as dangerous to the internal peace of' America as segregated schools and residential areas.

In a very real sense, segregated schools and residential areas areexternal reflections of segregated minds molded by distorted teaching tools in a while-oriented educational framework. H we integrated all our schools and all our residential areas tomorrow and if we continued to use the same textbooks, then all our schools and all our residential areas would soon l>e segregated again.

I t should he apparent by now to most Americans that education cannot solve t he race problem because education in America is a part of the problem. That fact was evident in recent weeks in northern cities where rioters demonstrated conclusively that hate, horror, and' swast ikas are the wages of miseducation.

Ironically, the largest white explosion occurred in Chicago which •»• was founded before the Revolutionary W a r by a bold black man, J e a n Baptist e Pointe du Sable. D u Sable built the first house in Chicago ana opened the first business there, but few people know his name.

A n d it seems to"me that a solution to our current crisis depends to a great extent on the opening of our minds and our textbooks to all t h e D u Sables and the excluded range of American life and culture t h a t they personified.

F r o m the standpoint of social utility and from the standpoint of t r u t h , we are entitled to demand a balanced portrayal of American Negroes. American history texts defame or ignore black Americans.

T o quote the authoritative study prepared by a group of California scholars: The greatest defect in the textbooks we have examined is the virtual omission of the Negro • • *. The Negro does not "exist" in the books. The authors of the books must know t h a t there are Negroes in America, and have been since 1619, but they evidently do not care to mention them too frequently.

T h e California study went on to say that— The tone of a textbook is almost as important as anything it has to say. In their blandness and amoral optimism these books implicitly deny the obvious deprivation suffered by Negroes. In several places, they go further, implying approval for the suppression of Negroes or patronizing them as being unqualified for life in a free society.

A s an author and as an E b o n y magazine writer specializing i n historical articles, I have examined over the last 5 years many textbooks now in use in American school systems. I n most of the books I have examined, black Americans appear suddenly by a process of spontaneous generation.

T h e r e is little or no material on the great African empires of Ghana, Mali, and S o n g h a y ; nor is there a relevant confrontation with the history of black and brown peoples before the explosion of E u r o p e in the 15th century.

Of equal importance, in the negative conditioning of black • and white Americans, is the glossing over of the extraordinary complexity in the peopling and building of America. Contrary to the popular view, black people came to America long before the Mayflower.

They were with the first F r e n c h and Spanish explorers.

They fought with Prescott on Bunker Hill, they were with Wash-

ington at Valley Forge, they were with G r a n t in Virginia. A n d if our history has any meaning, Crispus Attucks, the hero of the Boston Massacre, and Salem Poor, a Bunker H i l l hero, ought to appear on the pages of our textbooks as they appeared in the paintings and drawings of their contemporaries.

W i t h rare exceptions, American textbooks ignore free Negroes and present a rose-colored view of American slavery. W e are asked to believe t h a t , as a general rule, black men hugged their chains. W e are presented a picture of fat, happy, docile slaves who were almost, as one text says, members of t h e f amdy.

F e w authors explore the implications of the repeated slave revolts; few authors deal with the underground railroad or Negro abolitionists and rebels like Frederick Douglass, Denmark Vesey, and H a r r i e t Tubman.

After the slave era, a white curtain of silence descends on black Americans. W e are told occasionally t h a t black people are happy and t h a t they are making progress. B u t care is taken lest we see them, and they seldom appear on stage to speak for themselves.

There are few, if any, references to the nameless black men who helped to create the social wealth of the South and the black politicians who gave many Southern communities their first public scliool systems and their first welfare institutions. W e are not told of the individual achievements of black men and women like Phillis Wheatley, the colonial poet who was the second American woman to write a book; Benjamin Banneker, the astronomer who helped to lay out Washington, D.C.; J a n Matzeliger who revolutionized the shoe indust r y by inventing a machine for attaching soles to shoes: and Charles Drew who helped perfect the blood plasma technique which has saved the lives of so many Americans, black and white.

T h e use of textbooks filled with half-truths, evasions and distortions is disastrous to both white and black Americans: to white Americans because one cannot know a great deal about America unless one knows a little about the N e g r o : to black Americans because personal health depends to a great extent on g r o u p self-esteem and because the spirit withers and dies if it is deprived of the opportunity to feed on the deeds of great men and the ideals of great movements.

I n general, white-oriented textbooks tend to inoculate white Americans with the virus of racism, giving them a sense of exclusjyeidentification with a land created by blood and sweat and tears of men and women of all races and creeds. T h e effect on black youth is equally disastrous.

E . A. Johnson, a Negro historian, wrote: During my eleven years as a teacher, I have often observed the sins of omission and commission on the part of white children, and studiously left out the many creditable deeds of the Negro. The general tone of most of the historians * * * has been that of the inferiority of the Negro * * *. How must the little colored child feel when he has completed the assigned course of United States history and in it found not one word of credit, not one word of favorable comment for even one among the millions of his forefathers, who have lived through nearly three centuries of his country's history.

I might add t h a t this statement was made in 1891, and t h a t very little has changed in our educational system in the intervening years.

I t may be t h a t some of our problems with disturbed and angry black youths stem from this situation. T h e pattern of meaning we call education is not relevant to the lives of black Americans who constitute the majority of the public school pupils in Washington, D.C., and a majority of the elementary school pupils in Chicago and other cities.

Education does not tell these students who they are and how they got t h a t way. I t does not give them an image of their condition. I t does not corroborate their reality. They do not live in the country described in the books. T h e books, the words, the pictures, the symbols, are about another people who live in another country.

W i t h i n recent years, there has been increasing public recognition of the dimensions of this problem. Several big-city school system a are now using supplements. But supplements are at best temporary and inadequate substitutes. T h e only solution is an adequate supply of total texts which give a balance portrayal of t h e role and achievements of all Americans.

Although publishers are beginning to offer balanced texts, the supply does not meet the demand or the need, and I lielieve the Federal Government must b r i n g its resources and powers to bear in an effort to solve the problem. I t would be useful, I think, for the Office of Education to convene a national conference of publishers, school administrators, teachers, and black and white scholars, including officials of the Association for the S t u d y of Negro Life and History.

There is a need also for additional funds for enrichment and supplementary programs for teachers and administrators as well as students.

Beyond all that, I think it is necessary for Congress to specify t h a t all federally funded and federally assisted programs must use teaching tools and teaching materials t h a t give a balanced picture of all the people.

Opponents of this view have raised the question of censorship. B u t in my opinion, they are 100 years too late. T h e problem now is not

imposing censorship; the problem is ending a de facto censorship which stands between the American educational system and its historic mission of creating one people out of many.

I would like briefly to indicate concretely what I am talking about.

I have here a history textbook which is widely used in America in the North and South. I t is currently being used in Chicago and I note it is used in South Carolina. Coming in on the plane last night a young man from "Wyoming said, "You are using my textbook." I t is being used all across the United States and is an excellent example.

Mr. BURTON. Would you give the title and date of the publication ?

Mr. BENNETT. This book is " O u r United States," copyrighted 1960 and published by Laidlaw.

Mr. BRADEMAS. T h e a u t h o r s are ?

Mr. BENNETT. H a r o l d H . Eibling, superintendent of schools in Columbus, Ohio; F r e d M. K i n g , director of instruction, Rochester public schools, Rochester, Minn.; and J a m e s Harlow, Wilson J u n i o r H i g h School, Oakland, Calif.

I have mentioned there is verv little material on black people in textbooks p r i o r to the slave era. This book follows the pattern. There is one sentence introducing black people into American life in 1619.

They disappear for 200 years; and then we find them as slave people.

Mr. Carey was concerned a few moments ago about the problem of finding illustrative material to bring black people into American life and history. I would say there is no problem at all if we used black people in the places they appeared in history.

F o r examine, here is a picture of the Boston massacre. All the faces are white. Several Negroes were present on that occasion and several Indians. I n fact, a black man, Crispus Attucks, led the Boston massacre, yet we have a beautiful colored picture of all white people.

Second, we. have all white faces here with George Washington crossing the Delaware. Another distortion of reality because at least two black men were in the boat with Washington crossing the Delaware. Two contemporary drawings or paintings indicate that. This is an example of the complete blackout, in textbooks.

Negroes disappear for 200 years and then wo pick them u p in the slave period. T h i s particular'book has an interesting comment which I would like t o read in p a r t to give you an idea of how black people a r e treated in textbooks widely used in America.

Mr. BURTON. Cite t h e page.

Mr. BENNETT. P a g e 382, and it is the only example in this book in which black people are presented as people. These are the only Negro characters. It is the only extensive reference to Negroes and t h e only Negro characters in the book. A lieutenant in the Civil W a r , a Union lieutenant appeared at a plantation in Tennessee to tell the slaves they are free.

I will r e a d : The young lieutenant mounted his horse, sat up straight, and called out clearly: "I have been directed by the President of the United States to read to you slaves this Emancipation Proclamation."

He went on to tell them how President Lincoln believed slavery to be wrong and how he believed it should be done away with. He then read the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that as of J a n u a r y 1, 18(53. all slaves in States which were at war with the United States were to be henceforth and forevermore free.

When he had finished reading the presidential order, the lieutenant folded the paper and placed it inside his tunic. To his surprise, the Austin slaves showed no joy over their new freedom. They stood still, eyeing the soldiers suspiciously.

Finally old Uncle Josephus stepped timidly forward.

"Please, sir," he said, cap in band, "may we please go back to our work now?"

"Drat it, man !" the lieutenant lost his patience. "Didn't you understand what I've just said? You're free! You can do anything you want, go anywhere you w a n t ! " "Lieutenant." Mrs. Austin raised her hand, "they don't understand what you have just read. We've kept them pretty much in Ignorance of what has been going on. I'm afraid, we haven't done anything to make them trust you. May I talk to them?"

Now, this distorts reality in several ways. I n the first place these arc I he only Negro characters presented in this book which is used in Chicago, Arizona, South Carolina, all across the United States.

Secondlv, no mention is made anywhere in this book of the 186,000 soldiers who fought in the Union Army for their freedom. No mention is made of the 200,000 black southerners who ran away from the South and helped the Union Army as laborers. No mention is made of the 29,000 black Sailors serving in uniform in the Union Navy in the Civil W a r .

W e are presented with one type of character to indicate how black people accepted their freedom, "hat in hand."

Another problem of interest, not to me so much but perhaps it should be of interest to the Pentagon, or someone. Most American textbooks do a very interesting thing. Tliere is usually a very large color photog r a p h of Gen. Robert E . Lee. Tliere is no photograph of a Union general. My friend and colleague, Dr. J o h n Hope Franklin, has even examined textbooks widely used in America in which there are two large photographs of Gen.' Robert E . Lee and no photographs of any Union general.

Perhaps the moral is: I t ' s more blessed to lead an army against your country than for your country.

H o w did black people accept their freedom after the Civil W a r ? I think this is one of the truly memorable, historic flights of fancy in American textbook publishing. T h e black people were free. W h a t did that mean? This is how black and white children in America explain the meaning of freedom : Suppose you were awakened from sleep tonight and told your parents were gone away and you must look after for yourself?

T h e white people were gone, black people are children and this is the interpretation widely disseminated in northern cities as well as southern cities.

Mr. CARET. I s t h a t a specific reference in the book ?

Mr. BENNETT. Yes, it is on page 391. On the next page Mr. CARET. A r e you reading directly from the book?

Mr. BENNETT. "Suppose you were awakened from sleep tonight and told your parents were gone away and had to look after yourself." I t ' s a direct quote.

On the next page there are references to the fact t h a t black people participated in the Reconstruction era. T h e references are uniformly negative so far as they relate to black people. We are told money was spent unwisely for various purposes. We are not told a great deal of this money was spent to create the South's first public welfare system and education system, money spent wisely.

There is a reference to the overthrow and Reconstruction. T h e r e are 282 remaining pages in this book but there is only one single reference to black people after the Reconstruction period. W e are told some black people, are moving to the North. There is an interesting discussion on the problems of the cities.

W h a t are tnose problems? W a t e r supply, streets, and traffic, the menace of fire and protecting property. This book even contrives to discuss at length the slums without once mentioning Negro Americans.

I t h a n k you very much for this opportunity to say a few words on this subject.

Mr. BURTON. T h a n k you, Mr. Bennett.

Congressman Brademas?

Mr. BRADEMAS. T h a n k you very much for your extremely interesting testimony, Mr. Bennett. ()n page 3. I believe, of your statement you call attention to the lack of material in American school textbooks on African history. Agreeing that that is probably an accurate description of the situation, would you not also agree that'this is a reflection of the fact t h a t we just have not paid enough attention to Africa generally in the United States and t h a t the whole country has a long way to go in this respect? I , for instance, have been struck by the fact t h a t the Secretary of State of the United States has never set foot on the continent of Africa.

You do not quarrel with what I have said ?

Mr. BENNETT. I do not quarrel with what you have said. I think it is indeed a. blind spot in our national life. I would also emphasize t h a t in order to discuss at any level the history of America, we must realize that we are a combination of immigrants. W e are a nation of immigrants. I n order to discuss our country, you generally find some brief discussion of the Old World.

Where did these people come from? We find uniformly, with few exceptionsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;just in one or two texts I can think of at this timeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;you find almost a uniform absence of material or reference to Africa, where the black people came from. I am happy to note I have seen one book which discusses with understanding and sympathy the history of Africa prior to the white man and the contribution Africa made to world size.

Mr. BRADEMAS. If I might, offer a modest plug for a bill t h a t touches on this problem, this committee has worked to pass the International Education Act. AVe have a great lack of understanding of Asia as well as Africa, I w as glad to see t h a t in his message to Congress last F e b r u a r y President Johnson urged t h a t we use some of the funds under the research title of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to improve the curriculum in the field of international studies in elementary and secondary schools.

I would hope one aspect of t h a t effort would be to give greater attention to this whole problem of African history and, in particular, somet h i n g along the lines of your observations of the contributions of Africa to the history of the world.

Two other questions, quickly. You live in Chicago ?

Mr. B E N N E T T .

Yes.

Mr. BRADEMAS. H a s any systematic study of which you are aware been made of the extent to which textbooks in American schools, let's say in Chicago, or let's say in some of the big city metropolitan school systems of the North, let's forget the question of South for a moment, and talk of my p a r t of the country and your p a r t of the country, are limited?

A r e we aware there is racial bias in the textbooks used in the schools of Chicago or in the schools of New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, or South Bend, Ind., for t h a t matter?

Mr. BENNETT. I refer in my statement, I did not read it, to the excellent study prepared by a group of scholars in California. This, I

think, was one of the best studies of hidden bias in textbooks in Northern States. T h a t is on page 3 and t h e conclusion of the California study was that the greatest defect in the studies we have examined is the v i r t u a l omission of t h e Negro.

The Negro does not exist in these books. T h e authors of the California study went on to examine the various distortions in the textbooks.

Mr. BRAOEM AS. W h o made t h e study ?

Mr. BENNETT. Several scholars in California, including Dr. Kenneth S t a m p p . . . . ...

Mr. BRADEMAS. It might he appropriate to have the citation on t h a t Study for possible inclusion in the record.

Mr. BURTON. Would you see t h a t Dr. Matthew gets that study and we will make reference' to it at this point in the record and have it available in the files of the hearing.

Mr. BEOTHSTT. Yes,

sir.

(See appendix.)

Mr. BRADEMAS. On the last page you offer a constructive suggestion; namelv, a national conference of publishers, administrators, teachers, and scholars at which this whole problem could be aired and discussed.

T h i s would seem to me to be a very sensible proposal. I think t h a t we need to give very careful attention, and you point out the immediate apprehensiveness some of ns might have to your other proposed remedy MI which von suv. " I think it is necessary for Congress to specify that all federally funded and federally assisted programs must use teaching tools and teaching materials t h a t give a balanced picture of all the people."

I am certainly sympathetic with the purpose of that proposed remedy, but the only concern T would have is working out some kind of mechanism that* would enable us t o achieve such a purpose without p u t t i n g the Federal Government in the position of telling people what textbooks they ought to use, for example, censorship, the problem you allude to in the next p a r a g r a p h in your statement.

H a v e you any comment on how we could walk t h a t tightrope intelligently without our being charged, as I am sure somebody is going to charge us, with wanting to tell people what to p u t in their textbooks? I don't think the Federal Government should get into the business of censoring textbooks or any kind of books.

Mr. BENNETT. I don't think it is a problem of telling people what textbooks they must use. I certainly think it is within bounds to say simply t h a t it is in accordance with our national goals t h a t teaching tools and teaching materials be used that give a balanced picture of all the people all of the time. W e have had recently on the State level in several States, California and Michigan, I believe, action by the legislature requiring or suggesting t h a t materials on the history of black people in America be included in the regular curriculum.

T h e California-Michigan Legislatures did not, I am sure, tend t o censor anything. O n the national level, their approach would seem to me to be applicable. I would say, after some understanding of the problems involved, I say it because of the understanding of a fact of a condition that exists.

T h i s is not the first time in American life t h a t we have grappled with this problem. As I mentioned, in the first two decades of t h e 20th century, the Association for t h e S t u d y of Negro Life and H i s tory fought for a balanced presentation of American citizens in textbooks. 1 have here an old and weathered copy of a supplementary text prepared in 1942 for t h e Chicago public school system on Negro history.

Nothing has been done about it. I am t r y i n g to suggest here t h a t unless there is vigorous action and sustained action on the Federal level nothing will be done about this problem.

Mr. BRADEMAS. T h a n k you very much.

Mr. BURTON. T h a n k you, Congressman Brademas.

Congressman Carey ?

Mr. CAREY. T h a n k you for your testimony, Mr. Bennett. While we are a t it, the potent observations you make about the history of Africa and the people of t h a t continent are also typical of our neighbors to the South. Isn't it t r u e we neglect entirely the great development of the Latin American continent? I have found in my experience in my own cityâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;I come from the district where H e n r y Beecher once preachedâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;I have a curious question which I direct to children of junior high school age of white Anglo-Saxon background. I ask them pointedly about. Puerto Riean citizenship and they hedge on the question. They don't know whether these children are American citizens.

This is because we don't tell them they are American citizens. W e don't do well in other areas in addition to the black minority.

I s it not true this textbook is probably an antique in terms of good teaching in schools in this day and age even though it was published in I960 ? Since 1960 we have seen and heard slogans on this particular point of the contribution of minorities in our country in the last 0 years.

T h e best I think to be said of this book is t h a t it is out of date. I s t h a t correct ?

Mr. BENNETT. I would add it is out of date, b u t really the book has structural problems. I think the problem in this book is rooted in the

structure and concept of this book. I would agree t h a t we do not give adequate attention to many minorities b u t I tend to resist the equation of the treatment of black "Americans with the treatment of other minorities in history textbooks for one simple reason and t h a t is t h a t one cannot teach American history without confronting black people.

You can't talk about t h e Civil W a r without talking about, the Negro.

Mr. CARET. T h e book is only a teaching tool. I s it not a great responsibility on the part of the teacher who is well prepared in this field to quarrel with t h e book ?

Mr. B E N N E T T . Precisely. I would say because of a great many problems many teachers, many scholars, in fact, are unaware of many things concerning the history of black Americans. I will cite one incident. I was doing an article for Ebony magazine for the Revolu n-e riod and called an agency to ask for a picture of Georgi tionary W a r period Washington crossing the Delaware, a picture of Bunker Hill, and one of the Boston massacre.

T h e expert in charge of this said, "You are calling for E b o n y ; you must be a Negro. I don't know why you want the pictures, there are no Negroes on these pictures."

I said, "You are wrong," and he said, "Don't tell me I am wrong, I have handled those pictures for 30 years."

I said, "Go and look. I will hold the phone and then you can tell me." .

H e looked at the pictures, came back to the phone apologetically, and said, "There are Negroes right in the middle. I have been looking at them every day for 30 years and I never noticed them."

W h a t is involved is t h a t we have a trained blindness in many scholarly circles. This is why I said we need additional money for an enrichment of a program for scholars and teachers so they will know. Many people looking at this picture of George Washington crossing the Delaware or the all-white picture of the Boston massacre wouldn't have t h e slightest idea what is wrong with it. W e have to teach teachers to teach the students.

Mr. CARET. Couldn't t h e practice of t h e U . S . Information Agency under which it has appropriated funds to encourage authors to write books, hopefully balanced, be followed so t h a t we could institute these programs in domestic libraries as we do throughout the world ?

Mr. B E N N E T T .

Yes.

Mr. CARET. I t would seem someone could write a dynamic story with the author recognizing what has happened since 1960 in h u m a n rights.

A n author could devote some of his scholarly time to this. H e could produce a better work now by reason of what has happened in our schools since 1960.

I s n ' t it true t h a t if authors will restructure these books to take into account the progress since 1960, this could be one r e m e d y !

Mr. BENNETT. I think t h a t is one remedy. I t would be very helpful, too, if the Federal Government would help to stimulate authors and textbook publishers.

Mr. CARET. I s n ' t title I I an author-encouragement p r o g r a m for authors? W e are spending a great deal more money for new textbooks. W e want the contribution of Americans to their own country.

Mr. BENNETT. M y experience has been the experience of many people involved, in this. Unless people are told precisely t h a t we want a balanced presentation, it won't be done unless pressure is applied.

F o r example, the book I referred to was used for many years in Detroit.

T h e parents of Negro children in t h a t city demanded a revision, demanded t h a t they stop using t h a t particular book, and then some action was taken.

T h e Detroit school system published a Negro history supplement, b u t it took pressure to get some action in this field. I think the Federal Government should encourage authors and textbook publishers to publish balanced materials. Let them know there is a market for the new materials. Let them know also t h a t if they lose, to be quite blunt, the southern market, they can make it up in other areas.

I think we need some positive sanctions here so the textbook publishers know they will not lose money. If they lose in some places, they can make it up in others.

Mr. CARET. I would hope there would be a great deal of pressure from teaching organizations for teachers to quarrel with what is in these'books t h a t do not square with history. I t is not t h e Bible we are teaching here. W e do need a liberal interpretation. I think it is an opportunity to dispute the findings in the books.

T h a t wouldn't cure the problem, however, because the book remains in the school.

You would find the same distressing facts you have found, but you could use them as object lessons for the students until we improve the books.

Mr. BURTON. One final question. H a s the book by Horace Cayton been updated?

Mr. BENNETT. I t ' s been updated recently.

Mr. BURTON. W h a t is it called ?

Mr. BENNETT. I t ' s called Black Metropolis, and it is in a paperback.

Mr. BURTON. T h a n k you very much.

ALPHA MEN UNDER 3 0 . . . MAIL TODAY HERE IS AN EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY! Do You Want to Travel, Meet Important and Interesting People, Make a Good Salary?

The Position of ASSISTANT TO EXECUTIVE SECRETARY of ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY Complete this application.

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Mail to: Committee on Personnel, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. 4432 Martin Luther King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60615 23

Delta Kappa

Roll Call, 1969!

ADAMS, JAMES—Sophomore, Lumbertown, Miss. Chemistry, Baseball team, Honor Student.

ADAMS, LOUIS—Sophomore, Shubuta, Miss. Music (Instrumental), Band, Honor Student.

ALLEN, LEMORE—Junior, Greenville, Miss. Mathematics, Alcorn Scholarship.

ALLEN, MORRIS—Sophomore, Belzoni, Miss. Music (Voice), leading voice of the Greater Alcorn Choir, Honor Student.

BARNES, EDVIN — Junior, Collins, Miss. Mathematics, study at Harvard, Honor Student, A K MU Honor Society.

CALLOWAY, CURTIS—Senior, Marks, Miss. Agriculture, Honor Student, State President of the Baptist Student Union.

CAMPBELL, RICHARD—Junior, Kilmichael, Miss. Agriculture Education, Assistant in the Department of Agriculture.

CLAYTON, L A R R Y — S o p h o m o r e , Carthage, Miss. Agriculture Education. summer work with federal government, Honor Student.

COLE, ROBERT—Junior, Agriculture, Louisville, Miss. Honor Student, VicePresident of Delta Kappa.

DALTON, LOUIS—Senior, Bouge Chitto, Miss. Social Science. Honor student, President of the Senior Class.

DISMUKE, HENRY — Junior, Columbus, Miss. Business Administration, received local Graduate Chapter Award: "Alpha Phi Alpha Award," 1966.

ESTES, WILLIE—Sophomore, New Albany, Miss. Business Adminstration, Honor Student, former Pres. of Freshman Class.

FALCONER, CHARLES — Junior Shubuta, Miss. Social Science, Honor Student, Dean of Pledgees, 1968-69.

FLEMING, PHILLIP — Senior, Natchez, Business Administration, Honor Student, Pres. of A K Mu, Who's Who Among Students in American Universities and Colleges, former Vice-Pres. of Delta Kappa.

24

FLEMING, WALTER—Senior, Wiona, Miss. Agriculture, Supt. of Sunday School, President of Delta Kappa, 1968-69.

GRAHAM, G E O R G E — Senior, Greenwood, Miss. Social Science, Assistant Dean of Pledgees, 1968-1969.

HARDIN, JOHNNY—Senior, Natchez, Miss. Business Administration, Honor Student, A K Mu, Business Club.

HARRISON, JOHN — Junior, Laurel, Miss. C h e m i s t r y , Lab Assistant, Science Club.

Happif Sifthdaif

HODGE, MELVIN — Junior, Pocahantas, Miss. Social Science, leading tenor of the Greater Alcorn College Choir.

HOLMES, G E N E — Sophomore, Louisville, Miss. Agriculture Education, Y.M.C.A. HOZE, MELVIN — Sophomore, Shubuta, Miss. Business Administration, Honor Student, "Delta Kappa Basketball Team."

HUGHES, MELONE — Senior, Mathematics, Columbus, Miss. Methodist Student Movement.

JOHNSON, SHELBY — Sophomore, Greenwood, Miss. Political Science, Honor Student, President of Political Science Club.

JONES, CLIFFORD — Senior, Agriculture, Laurel, Miss. President of Baptist Student Union, (local).

Bro. Paul Robeson SANDERS, LEON — Senior, Vicksburg, Miss. Business Administration, Honor Student, Secretary of Delta Kappa, 1968-69. Honor's Seminar.

STEWART, TROY—Sophomore, Hazlehurst, Miss. Chemistry, Honor Student, Valedictorian, Science Club.

STORY, WILIAM — Senior, Agriculture, Cleveland, Miss. Future Farmers of America, Honor Student.

JONES, JOHN — Sophomore, Laurel, Miss. Agriculture Education, Honor Student, "Third brother made at Delta Kappa."

THOMPSON, JULIUS — Senior, Natchez, Miss. History, Honor Student, A K MU, Who's Who.

KELLY, JOHN — Junior, Utica, Miss.

Music (Voice), leading male voice of the Greater Alcorn College Choir.

THOMPSON, WALTER — Senior Tacoma, Washington, Chemistry. Chemistry Club.

McDONALD, BILL — Sophomore, Collins, Miss. Business Administration, Valedictorian of Senior Class in high school, Honor Student Freshman year at Alcorn.

WARE, LEON — Junior, Cleveland, Miss. Biology, Honor Student, Lab Assistant in Department of Biology, Alcorn Band.

McGEE, JESSE — Graduate of Alcorn, Biology, Clarkesdale, Miss. Honor Student while at Alcorn, student at the School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.

PATTERSON, HOLLIS — Junior, Industrial Arts, MaComb, Miss. Industrial Arts Club.

PEYTON, LLEWELLYN—Senior, Bay Springs, Miss. Biology, Honor's Seminar, Social Director of Delta Kapp.

WASHINGTON, QUINCY T. — Sophomore, Montgomery, Alabama. Music (Instrumental), Alcorn Band, Alcorn Musical Scholarship.

WILLIAM, BENJAMIN—Senior Gulfport, Miss. Music (Voice), Humanities Circle, Greater Alcorn College Choir, leading voice.

WILLIAMS, ROGIA—Sophomore Vossbury, Miss. Business Administration, Honor Student.

(Continued on page 37)

The C h a l l e n g e of Black Power

By Bro. H. Gray Gillem, Theta Rho Lambda Chapter

Brother

Gillem receives Eastern Regional Award.

The Eastern Regional Convention and the General Convention, this year are exploring the relevency of "Black Power" as a creative force in America's complete development —• the relevancy to the involvement of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. This is a position paper to set forth a background and some questions for consideration by Alpha men everywhere, but especially in Theta Rho Lambda Chapter, where "militancy in Northern Virginia" has been explored in Chapter meeting seminars. * * * Is America dividing into two groups, one white and one black? — Are we headed toward nearly total separation on the races? — Will this lead us into further racial unrest? — Will our nation and especially our big cities continue to be faced with racial cricis? — Can there be developed an understanding leading toward resolution of our problems—our differences? — What role can the educated, the affluent, the fraternal groups play in assisting in the drive toward human depolarization and an effective uplifting of the downtrodden minority races? — These are but a few questions for study.

These important questions are being asked by most Americans today and with sincerety, compassion and fear. So far, no one is sure of the answers, but it is clear that the idea of separation of the races is frightening to many of us, yet pleases others, regardless of color or ethnic origin.

In 1967, after the devastating riots in Detroit and Newark, President Johnson set up a commission to study the violence that caused the death of 63 people and injury to 3,500 people. This Commission

on Civil Disorder, after several months of investigation, found that America was "moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal." The eleven member commission, headed by Gov. Kerner of Illinois, said that "white cism" was chiefly to blame for the explosive mixture of poverty, discrimination, and resentment among black Americans.

Most big city mayors praised the report, but some U.S. leaders criticized it.

"Dick" Nixon was one who was among the critics. In one campaign speech, Nixon said, "I think the Commission has put undue emphasis on the idea that we are, in effect, a racist society." A follow up on the Commission report has recently been made by two groups concerned with city problems, the Urban Coalition and Urban America. Their report entitled, "One Year Later", claims, "We are closer to two socieies . . . in creasingly separate and scarcely less unequal."

Many black Americans agree with this view. They are angry with continued racial injustice in America. Their frustrations and grievances are voiced in the familiar and continued call for "Black Power." Black Power, often confused and seldom understood, is difficult to define, but some of the few definitions of today are; ETHNIC PRIDE, SEPARATISM, POWER TO CONTROL, PEACE OF MIND, UNITY OF PURPOSE and STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS. Some observers have explained Black Power in termj of people trying to rise from a position of inferiority. Others define the term as an idea REPRESENTING A NEW ETHNIC PRIDE AMONG AFRO-AMERICANS. Still others interpret Black Power as a mood of anti-white feeling and a desire to reject American society as it exists today.

In another definition of the term, black Americans are called upon to separate themselves from white Americans for reasons of SELF PRIDE. These separatists believe it is necessary to react to violence against themselves with counterviolence. This is the kind of Black Power that frightens many people.

LeRoi Jones, the poet and playwright, describes Black Power as the POWER

TO CONTROL our lives-ourselves. All o four lives. — Our laws. — Our culture. — Our children. — Their lives. — Our total consciousness . . . . a Charles Bartlett, a newspaper columnist, views Black Power as black Americans creating for themeselves an environment helpful to their PIECE OF MIND and COMMUNITY STRENGTH. Stokely Carmichael, an early organizer of Black Power, declares that the term means, "black people coming together aroun dthe issue that oppressed us, which is our blackness . . . . and Black Power means just black people coming together and getting people to represent their needs and to stop that oppression." Carmichael first popularized Black Power as a slogan when he used it in 1966 on a civil rights march to Jackson, Mississippi. The press, TV, and radio picked up the phrase and made it a household word overnight.

The idea of Black Power was not born overnight. The idea had been developing for some time among leaders such as Carmichael who had lost faith in the peaceful protests of Bro. Martin Luther King, Jr. and others. The call for Black Americans differed over how to proceed in their struggle for equal rights. Many were attracted to Black Power, but could not agree over it's meaning. The slogan frightened many white Americans whom associated it with the riots and the burning.

There is still disaggrement over the meaning of Black Power among Black Americans. WHAT DOES IT MEAN? —HOW SHOULD IT BE USED? — WHERE IS THE MOVEMENT HEADED ? ? ? ? ? ? . . .

The slogan and the idea have served, however, to alert the nation and the world, to black impatience, and the growing tread toward "two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal." . . . OUR JOB . . . AS SELECTED LEADERS, — TO DETERMINE T H E ROLE OF ALPHA PHI ALPHA IN USING AND INVOLVING TO MAKE BLACK POWER A C R E A T I V E FORCE IN AMERICA'S COMPLETE DEVELPMENT ! ! ! ! ! ! ! .

Henry Gray Gillem, Sr., President, Theta Rho Lambda Chapter

25

Convention Time . . . 1969

SIXTY-THIRD ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION a Eta Lambda and Delta Theta Chapters Welcome Brothers to Houston Alpha Eta Lambda and Delta Theta Chapters extend to the brothers and their families a most heart felt and sincere welcome to attend the 63rd Anniversary Convention, Houston, Texas, August 2-8, 1969.

The Convention Headquarters is the beautiful Shamrock-Hilton Hotel, which besides being known as one of the most magnificient hotels in the Southwest, boasts also of its Olympic-size swimming pool and fine cuisine.

There are many other attractions in Houston to catch the fancy of all — The Texas Medical Center, one of the world's finest and best equipped — The

National Aeronautical Space Agency (Approximately 17 miles South of Houston) The Zoological and Botannical Gardens and Children's Zoo — The Various Institutions of Higher Learning and certainly not least, The Astrodome and Astroworld.

The San Jacinto Battleground, where Texas gained her independence from Mexico, is a familiar tourist attraction.

Houston is a blend of Southern charm and Southwest flavor. The warm, friendly atmosphere of cordiality so indiginous to the South and the hearty, robust western atmosphere complement each other.

Fifty miles from Houston is the beautiful seaport town of Galveston. Here, one finds seafoods of all descriptions and Sea-Arama, Texas' answer to to Marineland.

The food will be more than sufficient to assuage the most select gourmet's palate.

All in all, we know your trip to Houston will be highly entertaining and enjoyable.

Convention

^rrost

OFFICERS OF THE HOUSTON ALPHA BETTES Standing: Left to right Alpha Bettes Charlotte Bryant, Vice-President; Geraldine McWilliams, Treasurer; Jacqueline Rogers, Chaplain; Thelma Fair, Parliamentarian; nd Josie Btuler, Financial Secretary. Seated: Left to rigt re: Alpha Bettes Sylvia Terrell, Assistant Secretary; Ruth Strange, Secretary; and Anne Sweatt, President.

26

and

Historical shrines dot the landscape.

Houston was the second capital of Texas before it was moved to it's present site.

^rrostesses

Left to right: Joseph Raibon, treasurer; Leroy Carter, historian; James O. Perry, director of educational activities; Oddis Turner, recording secretary; Leroy Fair, dean of probates Gary Abernathy, dean of pledgees; Oscar Woods, sergeant-at-arms; Leo Brown, editor to the Sphinx; and Johnny Brown, financial secretary.

Not pictured are: James Race, Jr., president and J. O. Willie, vice-president.

CONVENTION TIME. . 1 9 6 9

VVelcome

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HOUSTON

TEXAS

The Fun City

Welcomes You ft

Beautiful Alpha Bettes that will be in attendance

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The lovely Alpha Bettes of Houston. Texas welcome all the ladies of Alpha They have planned many attractive and entertaining events for you and the kiddies 27

TENTATIVE PROGRAM 63rd ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION

ALPHA PHI ALPHA FRATERNITY, INC. SHAMROCK HILTON HOTEL Houston, Texas August 2-7, 1969 CONVENTION THEME: BLACK. POWER — A Creative Force in America's Complete Development HOST CHAPTERS:

Brother Victor Smith, President, Texas Council of Alpha Chapters Introduction of General President — Brother L. G. Ashley, S. W. V. P. Response — Brother Ernest M. Morial, General President 63rd Anniversary Keynote Address — Dr. Nathan Wright Report — Rules and Credentials Committee Report — Board of Directors — Brother Laurence T. Young, Executive Secretary Appointment of Committees — Brother Laurence T. Young Introductions — Brother Ernest M. Morial Announcements — Brother A. C. Herald, Jr. Alpha Hymn — Brother Alvin L. Wilkes

ALPHA ETA LAMBDA A N D DELTA THETA

PRE-CONVENTION ACTIVITIES Saturday, August 2, 1969 9:00 A. M. 10:00 11:00 12:30 1:00

A. M. A.M. P.M. P. M.

3:00 P. M. 5:00 P. M. 6:00 P. M.

Registration and Information (daily) Executive Secretary — Convention Office (daily) Hospitality Centers (daily) Brunch — of Directors (Guests, wives) Board of Directors Executive Meeting Family Tours (See schedule)* Medical Center and Herman Park Building Foundation Educational Foundation Texas Barbecue — Bob Smith's Ranch

12:00 Noon to 2:00 P.M.

Sunday, August 3, 1969 8:30 A. M.

Board of Directors Executive Meeting —Breakfast 9:00 A. M. Registration and Information Executive Secretary — Convention Office Golf Tournament Church Services 12:00 Noon Board of Directors and Committee Chairmen Luncheon 2-3:30 P.M. Committee Meetings 4:00 P. M. Public Program — Texas Southern University — Jones Hall 6:00 P.M. Officers' Reception (Public Invited) 9:00 P. M. Reception — Shamrock Hilton

Dip N Rinse — Teens and Pre-Teens — Shamrock Hilton

2:30 P. M.

SECOND BUSINESS SESSION— Summary Reports — Vice Presidents and Assistant Vice Presidents Vice Presidents: Southern — Brother Luke H. Chapman Southwestern — Brother Lillard G. Ashley Western — Brother C. P. Johnson Eastern — Brother W. Decker Clarke Midwestern — Brother Gus T. Ridgel Assistant Vice Presidents: Southern—Brother Mack B. Thompson, III Southwestern — Brother Napoleon L. Forte Western — Brother Clifford S. Webb Eastern — Brother Craig G. Foster Midwestern — Brother William Paris Preliminary Budget Report — Brother Isidor J. LaMothe, Jr.

4:00 P. M.

MEMORIAL SERVICE

5:00 P. M. 9:00 P.M.

Committee Meetings Cabaret Dance — Shamrock Hilton

8:30 A. M.

28

Presiding — Brother Benjamin Wright Welcoming Remarks and Presentation of Guests — Brother Ernest N. Morial Statement of Purpose — Bro. Benjamin Wright Questions and Answers (Recruiters Available For Interviews)

2:00 P.M.

Monday, August 4, 1969 Coffee Hour — Continental Baking Company, Host 8:30 A. M. Registration and Information 10:00 A. M. Astrodome Tour and Luncheon (Women and Children)* 10:00 A. M. FIRST BUSINESS SESSION Greetings: Brother A. C. Herald, Jr. Convention Chairman President, Delta Theta Chapter President, Alpha Eta Lambda

Equal Opportunities Luncheon (Courtesy)

(Continued next page)

Tuesday, August 5, 1969 8:00 A.M. 8:30 A.M. 8:30 A.M. 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P. M 9:30

12:00 1:00

12:00

2:00 2:30

3:00 9:00 9:00 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30

Life Members' Breakfast * — Brother John B. Buckner, Chairman Coffee Hour — Continental Baking Company.

Host Registration and Information

Job Interviews and Recruitment — Texas Southern University (Open to Public) A.M THIRD BUSINESS SESSION Reports of Officers: Executive Secretary — Brother Laurence T. Young General Treasurer — Brother Leven C. Weiss General Counsel—Brother Morris M. Hatchett Education Foundation — Brother Thomas D. Pawley, III Editor, The Sphinx—Brother J. Herbert King Nomination of Officers General President's Address — Brother Ernest N. Morial Announcements — Brother A. C. Herald, Jr. Alpha Hymn — Brother Alvin L. Wilkes Noon Ladies's Luncheon and Fashion Show — Shamrock Hilton P.M. Barbecue and Watermelon Party — Teen and Pre-Teens — Hermann Park and Horseback Riding Noon Fraternal Luncheon Undergraduate Address Fraternal Address—Bro. Theodore M. Berry Convention Picture P. M. POLLS OPEN FOR VOTING P.M. Seminar: BLACK POWER — A CREATIVE — FORCE IN AMERICA'S COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT Brother Thomas A. Pawley, Chairman Panel I — Development in the Arts II — Development in Education III — Development in Religion IV — Development in Economics V — Development in Government and Politics P.M. Ladies Card Party P.M. Undergraduate — Dance and Floor Show — Ray Barnett's Club P.M. Pan Hellenic Reception Wednesday, August 6, 1969 A.M. Undergraduate Breakfast* A.M. Coffee Hour A.M. Registration and Information A..IV1* FOURTH BUSINESS SESSION Committee Chairmen Reports Continued: Constitution and By-Laws — Brother John D. Buckner Standards and Extension — Brother Wayne C. Chandler Undergraduate Housing — Brother William M. Alexander Committee on Personnel — Brother Bennett MStewart

10:00 A.M. 12:00 Noon

2:00 P. M.

6:00 P. M. 6:00 P.M. 7:30 P. M. 9:30 P.M.

Committee on Publications — Brother Moses G. Miles Committee on Public Relations — Brother Marcus Neustadter, Jr. Recommendations Ritual and Sphinx Manual Pen Hellenic Council — Brother Walter Washington Historian — Brother Charles H. Wesley Seminar and Recommendations — Brother Thomas D. Pawley, III Ladies' Tour: City and N A S S A* and Luncheon Founders' Luncheon Presiding — Brother Ernest N. Morial Founders' Address — Brother Belford V. Lawson, Jr. Awards — Brother Arnold Wright Alpha Hymn — Brother Alvin L. Wilkes FIFTH BUSINESS SESSION Presiding Committee Reports Continued General Conventions — Brother Kermit J. Hall Final Budget Report — Brother Isidore J. Lamothe, Jr. Election Committee — Brother Jerry L. Martin Public Policy Civil Rights Conference — Brother Belford V. Lawson, Jr. Other Convention and Special Reports Installation of Officers Alpha Hymn — Brother Alvin L. Wilkes Alpha Formal Reception — Shamrock Hilton Host: Rums of Puerto Rico Head Table Reception Alpha Formal Banquet After Dinner Dance Thursday, August 7. 1969

9:00 A. M. Board of Directors Executive Meeting 11:00 A.M. Building Foundation 12:00 Noon Education Foundation POST-CONVENTION TOUR Mexico City

MEXICO FIESTA Taxco

Acapulco

Official 63rd Anniversary Convention Travel Agent Henderson Travel Service, Inc. 931 Hunter Street, N. W. Atlanta, Georgia 30313 Brother J. R. Henderson, President Brother Kermit J. Hall, Director General Conventions Brother A. C. Herald, Jr. Chairman 63rd Anniversary Convention Brother Laurence T. Young, Executive Secretary Brother Ernest N. Morial, General President and Ex-Officio, General Conventions

29

Frstt Fun.. with winters DR. O. WILSON WINTERS, Editor

I # Vernal Verisimilitude

The passing of Winter and the emergence of Spring making a confrontation with the deadline date for my column stimulates my desire for an introspective type of presentation in this issue. The new title of this column "First Fun with Winters" and the new physionomic delineation as it appears beside the caption is the product of the new editor-in-chief, J. Herbert King and a local photographer who after two hours of patient, persistent and film wasting exposure captured one furtive moment, that depicted the true Winters that most Alpha men should know or recognize. The teeth are original, the smile is spontaneous and generous and the hair is still black,â&#x20AC;&#x201D; almost all black. The smooth ebony of the face remains, without apology.

The paradox of this analysis is found in the whole concept of the column, Frat Fun. Here we have a columnist old enough to be the Alpha's first Life Member, a half century Alpha Man, but assuming to be funny enough to periodically produce a fun column. Here is a church man, in an integrated Presbyterian Church, a Ruling Elder and vice president of the Trustee Board who writes about Convention Soliloquies, Christmas Fools and Vernal Verities.

Now in order that the column shall be fun, Frat Fun or any other kind of fun or humor as I prefer it to be called I must perforce give you the bons mots just as I have collated them. I must tell you about the man who was married to a charming woman who loved him but was much amused by him. It irked him no end and he mentioned it quite often. One day he was telling some friends that his wife laughed at every thing he did. They asked him how long he had been married and he said two years and that he couldn't understand why they had no children. His friend said, "you shouldn't be surprised; didn't you say your wife laughed at everything you did."

In my younger days I was not given to fun and humor. My forte was oratory and public speaking. I learned most of the classic oratorical gems, recited them myself and coached many National Elks and Masonic contestants. High among my favorites was the spell binding oratory about Toussaint L'Ouverture. Listen to this!

"You think me a fanatic tonight because you read history, not with your eyes, but with your prejudices. But fifty years hence the muse of history shall take Phocian for the Greeks, Hampden for England, Lafayette for France â&#x20AC;&#x201D; then dipping her pen in the bright sunlight shall write in the clear blue above them all the name of the soldier, the statesman, the martyr, Toussaint L'Ouverture."

But it is supposed to be funny to tell you about three old gentlemen who in the descending sunset of their old years married young girls in their early twenties. When an aged South Carolina Senator recently married a barely ex-teenager, the guests didn't throw rice, they threw vitamin pills. Another marriage between an old fellow and a young secretary approaching imminent mother-hood caused the wedding guests to appropriately throw puffed rice at them.

A physician, the close friend of a very old business man who was planning to marry a young high school graduate tried to persuade him to reconsider and call off the marriage. He told the broker that his children were opposed to it because the girl was younger than one of his own daughters. He spoke of the social disparity and worse still the physical danger involved in some such cases. The doctor told of cases where quick death followed. The old fellow said, well doc, I'm marrying Bessie just as we planned and, if she dies, she dies.

(Continued next page)

30

Alpha Newsmakers in North Carolina With several hundred Alphamen in North Carolina, some Brother is making news daily, and thereby bringing acclaim to our Fraternity.

A few men and events are listed here.

In Fayetteville, Brother CHARLES G. AVENT, JR., has been promoted to ESEA administrator. He is a member of Epsilon Rho Lambde.

In Edenton, LIFE MEMBER DEMINT F . WALKER and Brother BURKE C. NEWSOME have retired from the D. F. Walker School. The school is named for Bro. Walker, who was principal. Bro. Newsome joined Alpha in 1923! They both are Charter Members of Epsilon Chi Lambda.

Brother Dr. JOSEPH O. JONES, JR., of Phi Lambda Chapter and a LIFE MEMBER, recently served on a State Evaluation Team checking on progress of teacher education programs in a North Carolina institution.

In Fayetteville, Brother Dr. RUDOLPH JONES has announced his retirement as President of Fayetteville State College. A member of Epsilon Rho Lambda, Bro. Jones is nationally known for educational benefits he has brought to so many young men and women.

Brothers MARTIN L. WILSON and MACEO A. SLOAN, respectively members of Phi Lambda and Beta Theta Lambda (Raleigh and Durham), serve as Trustees of Elizabeth City State College.

Surely other N . C. Alphamen are giving equally fine service on similar boards!

Brother Dr. ERNEST A. FINNEY of Epsilon Chi Lambda (Elizabeth City) was speaker in December for Claflin College's Centennial and keynote speaker for our State Convention (December, also) during which he received the key to Elizabeth City from its Mayor, the Honorable J. Holland Webster. Our Southern Vice-President, Brother LUKE H. CHATMAN, received a similar honor from the Mayor, same occasion.

LIFE MEMBER A. J. H. CLEMENT, III of Beta Theta Lambda (Durham), immediate past State Director, already has gained news coverage for his efforts towards increased civil rights in Durham.

F R A T F U N â&#x20AC;&#x201D; continued from Page 30 But oratory is more graphic. I love the lines of Shakespeare's Richard III, the misshapen monarch, where he expostulates, "I, who was born without my fair proportion, cheated by the sibilant nature, breathed into this world before my time, scarce half made up. Since heaven has shaped my body so, let hell make crook'd my mind to answer to it."

Would it be funny if I told you about the avarice of the barber in a little village nearby in which there was only two barber shops. Competition was very keen but business was good. One day the town sport, Sparky Jones, came into the crowded shop of Buster Smith, looked around and asked the barber how long before he could get to him. "About two hours." Sparky said alright, I'll be back. But he didn't come back that day. Two weeks later he appeared at the shop, crowded as usual, looked around and asked the same question, "how long before me?" Receiving the same answer, "about two hours" he left the shop. The greed of the barber was too strong.

He told the shop's boot-black boy to shadow the fellow and see if he was taking his business to the other barber shop. Two hours later the boy returned and whispered to his boss. "Don't worry about Sparky, he doesn't go to the other barber shop. He goes straight to your house."

But the spell binding eloquence of Sir Bulwer-Lytton as found in his famous epic from the Last Days of Pompeii is more enthralling than barber shops. I recall the following phrases, "And lo, a voice from Italy it comes like the stirring of a breeze from the mountains, it floats in majesty like the echo of splendor, it breathes solemnity like a sound from the tomb; let the Nations hearken, for the buried voice of antiquity speaks again from the scarred ruins of Pompeii."

What an incongruous pot pourri of Frat Fun. An echo from Detroit last August might linger with you like those classic gems have lived with me throughout the years. Seated in the lobby of the Statler Hilton Hotel as the stream of convention and hotel life passed to and fro a fascinated delegate noticed that a young lady seated on the divan which was back of the divan on which he was seated was studying him intently. She smiled and spoke to him and a conversation ensued. She was animated and vivacious. Noticing his discomfiture and believing that their racial difference was the cause, she suggested that he visit her room where he could be more relaxed and could tell her about the great Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He said, "I'd love to go but don't think my father and mother would tolerate it." "Your father and mother!" she gasped. "Who is your father and mother?"

Apologetically he sighed, "Father Time and Mother Nature."

My parting word comes from New Orleans and as the poet says, "I know what the truth may be, but I'll tell to you as was told to me." Several young men, at least one of them a very personable Alpha man was standing on a street in New Orleans near 1821 Orleans Avenue. An officious policeman came by and asked, "what are you fellows doing loitering around here?" The smallest, the spunky little Alpha man quickly snapped, "I like it here." "Alright, boy move on, move on!" said the cop.

Apparently ignoring the officer the group resumed their confab. Collaring the bespectacled Alpha man, the officer said, "Boy, I told you to move, why are you still hanging around here? Why?" Quietly but firmly our hero said, "I told you I like it here."

After a brief scuffle, the next scene is at the police station where the cop learned that he had brought in the Assistant District Attorney who lived at 1821 Orleans Avenue and who was destined to become a member of the Louisiana State Legislature and the president of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternityâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Brother Ernest N. Morial.

First Black Louisiana Pharmaceutical Member

Brother U. W. Pryce

Lake Charles, La. Bro. Ulric W. Pryce, veteran businessman, pharmacist and insurance executive, has been admitted to full membership in the Louisiana State Pharmaceutical Association, and becomes the first Negro to be admitted into the registry of the previously all white professional group.

Bro. Pryce, a graduate of Howard University, is past president and cofounder of the National Pharmaceutical Society and the Louisiana Pharmaceutical Society, the latter being the black counterpart of LSPA. In his acceptance of the Membership Certificate Pryce noted that it came some fourteen years after he had applied but he had not given up hope "although it did take me by surprise." He recently was presented a Fifty Year Gold Certificate by the Louisiana State Licensing Board for a half century of active service as a registered pharmacist in this state.

Bro. Pryce is president and chairman of the board of Keystone Life Insurance Company and Keystone Investment Corporation. Both corporations' executive offices are domiciled in New Orleans.

Sons, Ulric Y. and Charles are active in the insurance company, as assistant treasurer and assistant agency director, respectively.

Bro. Pryce is a thirty-third degree Prince Hall Mason; chairman of the trustee board of the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and Chi Delta Mu Fraternity. His wife, Mrs. Beatrice L. Pryce is active in civic, religious and social affairs.

Note: Bro. Ulric W. Pryce's son, Frank is also an Alpha.

31

Chicago Alpha Appointed Director of Public Aid . . . Recipient of Layman of Year Award ...

General Secretary and Mrs. Laurence Young and Mrs. Daniel (right) enjoyed the reception honoring Bro. Daniel.

Brother Bennett L. Stewart of Xi Lambda Chapter presents loving Silver tray to Brother Daniel.

Meet Brother Daniel . . .

David L. Daniel was appointed Director of the Cook County Department of Public Aid on January 20, 1969. A Department employee since 1938, he had served in such capacities as Deputy Director, Director of Services Section, Assistant Division Director, Assistant District Office Supervisor, Supervising Caseworker and Caseworker. He was also employed as a Caseworker and Supervising Caseworker by the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission, and the Chicago Department of Welfare.

BORN: Columbia, Tennessee — January 2, 1906 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: B.A.—Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee (1928) M.A.—Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (1954) Post Masters Study — one year, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois BOARD AFFILIATIONS: Member of the Board of Managers, and the Executive Committee, and Vice President, Youth Guidance.

Past member of the Board of Welfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago.

Past Chairman of the Advisory Committee, Social Service Exchange of the Welfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago.

Member of the Board of Directors, and Secretary of the City Club of Chicago.

Member, Board of Directors of Chicago Commons Association.

Member, Board of Directors, Church Federation of Greater Chicago.

Member, Advisory Board, Pastoral Counseling Service, Church Federation of Greater Chicago.

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member, National Association of Social Workers Member, American Public Welfare Association

32

Brothers Roy Woods and Harold Boysaw congratulates the New Director of Public Aid.

Member, Illinois Welfare Association Member, Academy of Certified Social Workers Member, National Conference of Social Welfare OTHER: Member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; Past President of its local Graduate Chapter and Past President of the Board of Directors of its Theta-Xi Lambda Foundation Member, Chicago Urban League President, Chicago Umbrian Glee Club Veteran of World War II, Captain — United States Army Reserve Corps (ret.) (Civil Affairs Military Government Officer) Initiated April 23, 1927 Chi Chapter, Nashville, Tennessee Charter Member, Alpha Chi Chapter (Fisk University) Nashville, Tennessee President, Xi Lambda Chapter, Chicago, Illinois 1951-1954 President, Theta-Xi Lambda Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, 1955-1966 Chairman, Public Meeting —• 1955 General Convention, Chicago, Illinois Chairman, Registration — 1965 General Convention, Chicago, Illinois Delegate to all National Conventions, except Miami and Chicago, 1951-1968 Chairman, Chapter Membership (Rushing) Committee for past twenty-three years Member, Chapter Executive Committee; Chairman, Reclamation Committee and various other Chapter Committees Member, National Organization Education Committee—two years Member, National Organization Personnel Committee—two years Other Offices: Vice President, Xi Lambda Chapter — two years Treasurer, Theta-Xi Lambda Foundation — one year

Officers Enjoy Boston Hospitality

Brother Charles Nesbitt, President of Epsilon Gamma Lambda Chapter, officially welcoming visiting Brothers and guest to Chapter's Bi-Annual Harvard Ball.

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One of the highlights of this meeting was to open an account tor Alpha Phi Alph Fraternity in the East. This account will be located in Baltimore, Maryland. Brother Wm. Decker Clarke, Eastern Vice President presents to Brother Charles Howard a check tor $15,000.00.

Brother Herman Hemmingway on the left, Special Assistant to the Mayor of Boston, presenting a $500.00 scholarship check to Brother Wendell Knox, President of Sigma Chapter for the Chapter's summer youth work program in 1968 in conjunction with the Mayor's office.

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Brothers from New York and other guests at the cocktail preceeding the Alpha Ball.

sip

33

o a^cistern j / e m f\eaioncil f^seai

. . .

The Host: DELTA L A M B D A Brother W . Decker Clarke EASTERN REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENT

New Fraternity House

by I. A. Woodward One of the first successful banquets of Delta Lambda was held at their newly acquired fraternity house in Baltimore.

The speaker for the evening was Brother Charles Howard, a distinquished member of the legal profession, and a long time member of Delta Lambda Chapter. Brother Howard, after being introduced by brother Herman J. Sydnor, the energetic and progressive President of Delta Lambda, gave a scholarly review of the founding of Alpha Phi Alpha at Cornell University. References were made by the lawyer to the struggles and progress of Delta Lambda in securing unity within the chapter and the consent of the brothers to purchase a permanent home for Alpha men in Baltimore.

Members of Delta were congratulated by the speaker for participating in the political, social, and educational problems confronting the State of Maryland and the nation, and for the excellent work done in financing the Alpha House.

Brother Howard also emphasized the role played by Brother Frank Veney (now deceased), in keeping alive the

34

In the picture of Delta Lambda Officials Herman J. Sydnor Jr., President, Charles P. mittee; J. Emerson Brown, Treasurer; Robsal and Paul Reese, Vice President The above Delta Lambda's Housing Foundation.

spirit and aspirations of members of Delta Lambda Chapter during its critical years.

In outlining the future of Delta Lambda, Howard mentioned a "Memorial" for Brother Frank Veney in the form of financial aid to young struggling Alpha men.

Among the Alpha brothers who attended the well prepared Founder's Day Dinner were:

reading from left to right are Brothers: Howard Jr., Chairman of the Housing ComPinkett, Financial Secretary; William Murphy mentioned Brothers are also members of

Herman Sydnor Jr., Arthur Spencer, James Fitzpatrick, Vernon Pennington, Rabsal Pinkett, Robert A. Smith, Maurice Adams, Bruce Allexne, James Benton, Clarence Blount, Calvin Conley, Osborne Dixon, Solomon Graham, Charles P. Howard Jr., John King, Joseph Press, Alan Vessells, Owille Swafford, Charles Pinchback, Janes Person, Alvin Jackson, Russell Kelly, Wesley Shelton, Cornelius Woodson and Isaiah A. Woodward.

Alpha Wives of Washington Hold Annual Benefit Luncheon, Card Party

Federal Administrator Of The Year

Brother S. J. Williamson,

APPARENTLY PLEASED with the outcome of their annual Benefit Luncheon Card Party, held at Holiday Inn of America, are five officers of the Alpha Wives of Washington, D. C. Seated (I. to r.) are Mrs. Elise Derricote, president; Mrs Ruth Evans, treasurer; and Mrs. Davetta C. Madison recording secretary. Standing are Eva Speight, corresponding secretary; and Mrs. Fern Collins, social committee chairman.

Nearly 300 members and guests attended the annual Benefit LuncheonCard Party of the Alpha Wives of Washington, D. C , held May 10, at Holiday Inn of America in the city's northeast section.

A fashion show, presented as a desserttime feature, included hats created by Washington's Mrs. Vanilla Bean and modeled by Mrs. Mildred Hammond; and a ready-to-wear collection for ladies.

Funds raised at the luncheon-card party, after expenses are paid, are donated to the Alpha Wives' special charities: Mary L. Meriweather Home, a home for boys and girls who are temporary wards of the District of Columbia Department of Public Welfare; Stoddard Baptist Home for the Aged; Louis R. Whipper Home; Children's Hospital; Urban League of Washington; and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Special guest, introduced during inter-

mission, was James T. Speight, Jr., president of Mu Lambda Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. The Wives' organization is affiliated with Mu Lambda.

Officers of the Alpha Wives are Mrs. Elise Derricotte, president; Mrs. Lillian Wallace, vice president; Mrs. Davetta Madison, recording secretary; Mrs. Eva Speight, corresponding secretary; Mrs. Dorothy Green, assistant corresponding secretary; Mrs. Ruth Evans, treasurer; Mrs. Betty Ruth Smith, assistant treasurer; Mrs. Thomye Booker, historian; and Mrs. Celeste Kemp, property officer.

Mrs. Fern Collins, chairman of the social committee, served as mistress of ceremonies. Other members of the committee are Mrs. Marion Cowan, Mrs. Ruth Evans, Mrs. Davetta Madison, Mrs. Florence Whaley, and Mrs. Margaret Wiggs.

Jr.

Brother Dr. S. J. Williamson, Jr., Chief of Psychology for the Veterans Administrat'on Hospital in Des Moines, was named Federal Administrator of the Year for 1968. Brother Williamson's outstanding record of achievement includes not only his work with the VA but also with numerous civic and professional organizations and his fraternity.

Besides lecturing on a regular basis in Drake University's University College, Brother Williamson has served on the Boards of the YMCA United Community Services, Health Center, Iowa Children's Home Society and Polk County Mental Health. He is a member of the State Advisory Committee, U. S. Commission on Civil Rights and was appointed by the Governor to study and make recommendations concerning the pre- release program. He is a past president and a continually active member of Zeta Kappa Lambda Chapter. Alpha salutes Brother Williamson and his efforts to build a better community!

Brother Craig Foster, Eastern Vice-President receives Regional

Assistant Award.

35

Fun For The Young . . .

Alpha Nu Lambda Basketball Tournament Tuskegee Institute, Alabama CHAMBLISS CHILDREN'S HOUSE CHEERLEADERS TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA

1963

WINNERS

1st Place — Cheerleaders' Award Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Alpha Nu Lambda Chapter Tuskegee Institute, Alabama

WINNERS — "A" Division — Chambliss Children's House, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.

WINNERS — "B" Division — St. Joseph Catholic School, Tuskegee Institute, Ala. V

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Standing (left to right): Charles Love, Eric Smith, Ernest Sharp, Michael Taylor, Anthony Johnson, Frank Wright, Jr., Anthony Gunn Rear Center: Ronald Williams, Coach

DELTA KAPPA

Book Review

POET'S CORNER

(Cont. from page 24)

MANCHILD IN THE PROMISED LAND

from a Poet...

In 1965 Claude Brown's tremendous book, MANCHILD IN THE PROMISED LAND was released for publicacation in the United States, immediately it became a best-seller and one of the most talked-about books of the year.

ON BEING A NEGRO IN MISSISSIPPI

"OUR SWEETHEART" "First of All" is a true line of discription of our SWEETHEART for 19681969: MISS KATHLEEN GRAHAM, a junior, Business Education major from Greenwood, Mississippi.

Kathleen is active in campus activities and is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority and the Business Club.

She has a pleasing personality and would you believe it—her brother, George is a member of Delta Kappa.

WHO'S WHO Brothers in Who's Who Among Students in American Universities and Colleges at Alcorn this year are: Bro. Bro. Bro. Bro.

Phillip Fleming Louis Dalton Johnny Hardin Julius Thompson

ALPHA KAPPA MU HONOR SOCIETY Brothers in Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society this year are: Bro. Bro. Bro. Bro.

Ervin Barnes Phillip Fleming, (President) Johnny Hardin Julius Thompson, (Treasurer)

BROTHER JAMES CLARK HAS RETURNED Alcorn College For the first time in recent memory a brother that finished at Alcorn has returned to teach on the faculty. Brother James Clark is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agriculture.

After contributing two years to the Peace Corps in India, he then returned to America to attend the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a Master's Degree.

Besides being a very active instructor and member of Theta Sigma Lambda he is also serving this year as advisor to our Sphinx Club.

WE ARE PROUD OF AOA EVERYDAY!!!!!!!!

Writing in an autobiographic style, Brown recreates with an extraordinary degree of power and force what it means to be black in Harlem, U.S.A. His pictures of the streets, the hustlers, prostitution, the bootleggers, the pimps, the numbers runners, the poverty, the sickness, the broken homes, etc., etc., etc. are among the best that have been written in recent years.

Brown, an outgrowth of Harlem and one of the lucirie ones, who pulled himself up from the "scene" to become a law student at one of American's leading universities, tells his story in "the plain talk" of the people; in words that we hear often, but when written on paper they give an added dimension to the scenes that he describes, a greater empact to transport us to Harlem in person we too can become members of a Harlem gangsters and next to a fourteenyear-old kid that must hustle to eat next day.

Brown's work makes us want to cry, jump up and sing, write letters to our Congressmen . . . go out and. . .? We can't help but become more concerned about our cities and the hundreds of Harlems of all colors throughout our country; we can't help but begin to understand what "poverty" is really all about; we can't help but want to go out and attempt to help someone lost in the wilds of the jungles of a ghetto.

YOU MUST READ, MANCHILD IN THE PROMISED LAND. It is "soul" if that's what you are looking for; it is

What does it mean to be alone?

To be a crust of the earth?

And to learn as you begin that your strivings Will be in vain, your star was casted in the dark, you have nothing, nowhere to go!

What does it mean to be alone?

To be taught that you are half as good as other men . . .?

How does it feel to look at the world And finally realize that you are not really a part?

Does it make you swell up and cry, Or wish that you were never born?

—Bro. J. E. Thompson life at its rawest; it is truth if that's what you are looking for. It may not answer or attempt to solve the problems of our Harlems, but it does give us a picture of what's happening in our cities and that we had better look, while there is something to look at!!!!!!!

This work certainly rates with MALCOLM X's AUTOBIOGRAPHY, RICHARD WRIGHT'S BLACK BOY, and J A M E S BALDWIN'S N O B O D Y KNOWS MY NAME and NOTES OF A NATIVE SON. —J. E. Thomas

37

GOING WITH THE W I N D . . .

PART n

-

"Value of Self Improvement

By Bro. Harold R. Sims

John Gardner, the former secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, reasoned in his widely acclaimed book on excellence that Most human societies have been beautifully organized to keep good men down. Of course there are irrepressible spirits who burst all barriers; but on the whole, human societies have severely and successfully limited the realization of individual promise.

They did not set out consciously to achieve that goal. It is just that full realization of individual promise is not possible on a wide scale in societies of hereditary privilege—and most human societies have had precisely that characteristic. There have been systems in which the individual's status was determined not by his gifts or capacities but by his membership in a family, a caste or a class. Such membership determined his rights, privileges, prestige, power and status in the society. His ability was hardly relevant.

So we at OEO strangly believe in the mandate of a convention and in the spirit of Alpha Phi Alpha. It is our mandate to tangibly translate this hope into the undeferred dreams of multiple millions of Americans dressed in skins of every hue. We consider ourselves—in an interracial sense—the historical legatee of the freedman's bureau and the early populist movement. We are concerned with human resource development and renewal. Our future lies at the heart of the coordination process and the urgent, clear and present need to integrate and coordinate the necessary but very diffuse and unsystematic or functional structures of the executive branch into a dynamic thrust which can sustain and prevail in the reconstruction of our communities from the lowest effective level. As such, I believe that OEO, growing out of the need to destroy the system which impedes excellence by breeding poverty, will ultimately proceed beyond the current limits of the poverty war in order to preclude the manufacturing of despair by another

38

name, but also to become the catalyst, in greater degrees, for the defacto and effective reinvolvement of Americans (or ganizations and individuals) in the substance and worth of their fellow citizens.

As it is at this point that Alpha and OEO are inseparably merged—for our fraternity, since its inception—has been the living reality of all I just described.

We of OEO would only ask you that you join us, as an organization, in a way that thousands of individual brothers work with us throughout these United States.

Help us continue to reconstruct and revitalize that meaning and the roll of the community, in partnership with all its needed resources, as a self-helping force in American life. For unless the community is transformed, through its own self-directed involvement and participation, into a new awareness and positive sense of itself, then all the programs invested in their behalf will become tomorrow, in the shadow of today, the shells of dreams and the images of Gods—both that failed.

So we enlist your cooperation, your trust, your intiative and your sense of excellence and public serving, in a bold new effort in the service of mankind.

We ask you to become the first, interracial fraternity to launch a program whose major aims are (1) the economic development of urban and rural economic potential and (2) the maximazation of communications between the suburban defense ghettos around our cities and urban offensive ghettos within our central cities. In short, to provide training and technical leadership for the needy and to educate the unwilling or unexposed white about the unreality of blind fear in the same manner that the insecure and trapped non-white is being educated about the evils of self-hate and self-destruction. The crying need of the hour is communication and the crying derivative of that communication must be understanding.

For too long we have mythically sumed that the negro minority was economic bag because he, above seemed to be the worst off. Like

asour all, the

spectators watching the great race, we only closely watched the first and the last—without due concern to the also rans and the degrees in between. The voices of Black despair have organized and are being heard while the subtle, incoherent, disorganized utterances of white despair are assumed dispersed and ignored. But neglect will not be tolerated by a dissatisfied people in a democracy—so the would be prophets of black nationalism raise their banners in desperation cries, protests and often accidental violence—the epitome of selfhate—while the preachers and saviors of white dissatisfaction turn their agony inward against their fellow sufferers and their own enlightened self-interest in an effort to simplify, crystallize and understand what it means to be average and barely adequate in America. The unbearable truth is too obvious to be faced, and so race is substituted for the unadmitted fear and disappointment or whitey is substituted for the complex and the self-defeating. Two inches of wood separate the pusher and the holder and yet—A house of wonder—speciously awaits their cooperation.

The matter at heart is economics and the question of desire versus means.

The hidden need is humanism and a new economics that measures the gross national product in relation to the gross national receipt. Output in the quality of American dollars value has not come to terms with input in terms of value received. Everybody is making more and more and yet buying real items less and less. The gap presumed to stretch even further away for the negro—in fact stretches even further for the total society—especially the low and middle income whites. And like the populist movement after the second reconstruction— those whose unity is needed most to achieve—disunify and destroy one another. In this madness of the pursuit of the unknown happiness—the home, the child, the school, and the suburb become deperate symbols of values—suburban defense ghettos—clung to and protected as if the last hope of erstwhile the urban complex—the great hope of

Going With the Wind

General President Visits . . .

(Continued from page 38) man's creativity—depresses to oblivion from neglect and exploitation, like the garden of Eden descended unto the desert—while white Cain and black Able destroyed one another.

I know this is an awful lot to ask of a fraternity of men whose neck has literally been on the chopping block since its inception. But that is the way of Alpha men—to be first. I think it is painfully obvious from most of the polls taken on this subject, that black's ironically believe in the positive future of this nation to a greater degree than whites.

This should tell you something very profound—not only that the struggle has taught us something strange and beautiful but also that the need of the hour is to socially and honestly expose uninvolved whites to the thousands of negroes they never knew or respected as individuals and as equal friends. Gunnard Myrdal's dissertation on the impact of tlie' African upon the European needs to be reexamined and the plea of Kenneth Clark's "Dark Ghetto" needs to be placed in practice. "White and Negro" together for the rights of human beings to make mistakes and to aspire to human goals. Negroes will not break out of the barrier of the ghetto unless whites transcend the barriers of their own minds, for the ghetto is to the negro (or nonwhite) a reflection of the ghetto in which whites live imprisoned.

Alpha Phi Alpha must take the Lead in this—no matter how great the risks. Conversation and dialogue, bridge-building and positive action—these are the great needs of these times. Unlike Rhett Butler in the classic "Gone With The Wind," we are not trying to revive a world that has no longer justification for living but we are trying to create a creative society that is continually going with the winds of mental growth, human understanding, manly deeds and constructive mankind. If it is true as John Kennedy said that "of those to whom much is given more is required." Then it is also true from our experiences that of those to whom least is given, more is required. It is this more that we ask for because we of OEO need you to tell borderline America that the anti-poverty program is not a negro program, that proportionately it has helped all groups

General President Morial visits Epsilon Psi Lambda chapter in Alexandria,

in relationship to their population and need, that it is not welfare but self-help, that its investment in people is substantially less in dollars spent than our hardware experiments and considerably more profitable in cost effectiveness, and that if allowed time and given greater middleclass support, we will conquer poverty and minimize despair. For unlike Rhett Butler, we're opening doors, not closing them and unlike him, "We do give a damn."

POST SCRIPT In The Souls of Black Folks a distinguished Alpha Brother—W. E. B. DuBois wrote the eulogy for the Freedman's Bureau. It was a tragic sense of hindsight. Unless Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity and other groups like it, tangibly affirm their support of the O. E. O. and moves into offensive leadership to sell its true program to every middle class community of any racial or ethnic strain, then 30 years from now some belated Alpha Phi Alpha historian might pen in his own book these paraphrased words. Had political exigencies been less pressing, the opposition to government assistance to the poor less bitter, and the attachment to the poverty system less strong, the social seer can well imagine a far better policy—a permanent anti-poverty agency, with a national system of Head Start schools; a carefully supervised employment and labor office; a system of impartial protection before the regular courts; and such institutions for social betterment as credit units, land redevelopment agencies and model cities.

All this vast expenditure of money and brains might have formed a great school of prospective citizenship, and solved in a way we have not yet solved the most perplexing of the American's problems. And the question will have

Louisiana

Armed Services...

Brother William R. Lee Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel William R. Lee, son of Mr. and' Mrs. Willie R. Lee, 715 Altamont St., Muskogee, Okla., was promoted to Army lieutenant colonel recently while attending the U. S. Army Command and General Staff College at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. The colonel entered the Army in 1964 and was last stationed at Ft. Bcnning, Ga. He holds the Bronze Star Medal, the Air Medal, the Army Commendation Medal, the Combat Infantryman Badge and the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross.

Col. Lee was graduated in 1950 from Manuel Training High School, Muskogee, Okla., and received his commission through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program at Wilberforce (Ohio) University, where he received his B.S. degree in 1954. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. His wife, Jane, is with him at Ft. Leavenworth. been asked of that groups which honored the Sphinx — Oh them — I'm afraid they've Gone with the Wind. T H E GHETTO AND T H E SHARECROPPER ARE RELEVANT TO THESE TIMES BUT IS ALPHA RELEVANT TO THEM.

39

Omega Chapter

ALPHA WORKSHOP Laurence

T. Young,

General

Secretary

Bro. "The shouting and the tumult dies The Captains and the Kings depart " The 1969 Regional Conferences has been concluded. The Vice President of the specific regions are to be commended on jobs well done. It would be unfair to put on Region's activities against another in this regard, but it js manifestly evident, however, that direction is needed in this area and should be considered by the Board of Directors, as it relates to planning and operation in this regard.

THE BUILDING FOUNDATION: The formal dedication of the ALPHA GARDENS, — THE FIRST HOUSING DEVELOPMENT OF T H E BUILDING FOUNDATION, was on Sunday, June 1, 1969. This was a civic program and the proper way to dedicate such a land mark was witnessed.

This development consists of 145 apartments, constructed at the West End Urban Renewal Area in St. Louis, Missouri — containing 285,733 square feet consisting of: 10—1 bedroom units; 60—2 bedroom units; 60—3 bedroom units; and 15—4 bedroom units; two stores, a management office, and a community recreation area — total cost $2,162,900.

CERTIFICATES OF MERIT: Chapters may wish to award CERTIFICATES OF MERIT as a part of their activities. These certificates, which will be signed by the General President and the Director of Educational Activities may be secured simply by requesting them of the Foundation: Brother Thomas D. Pawley, Director — 1014 Lafayette Street, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 ALPHA CHAPTER — OUR MOTHER CHAPTER: Certainly we are concerned about the student unrest and activity at Cornell University — the birthplace of Alpha Phi Alpha in 1906. It has been misconceived that black students took over the student union at gun point — THIS WAS NOT T H E CASE. The "sit-in" represented the culmination of over a year of frustrated attempts by black students to have a meaningful dialog with the University. Weapons were brought into the building only after fear was generated on both sides and manifested in repeated threats of violence against black students, and an assault by a group of Fraternity men, of the other persuasion, during the occupation.

GAMMA LAMBDA chapter (Detroit) celebrated its 50th Anniversary at a Banquet on March 28, 1969, paying special tribute to its only living Charter Member—Brother C. L. Henderson (age 81). The General Treasurer Brother Leven C. Weiss presented the General President, Brother Ernest N. Morial, who delivered the principal address.

GAMMA IOTA LAMBDA chapter is honoring Brother Herbert T. Miller at a Dinner-Dance testimonial on June 20, 1969 at the Grand Ballroom of the Astorian Manor, Astoria, New York. Brother Miller is an outstanding civic leader; retiring Executive Secretary of the Protestant Council of Churches of New York, — a charter as "ALPHA MAN OF T H E YEAR." BUDGET - FINANCE COMMITTEE: — BOARD OF DIRECTORS: — The Budget - Finance Committee met at the General Office in Chicago on Friday, May 16th and prepared a proposed budget for 1970, to be acted upon by the General Convention in August; — ALSO a meeting of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS was held on Saturday, May 17th at the General Office in Chicago, to consider pending matters and to further chart positive actions for the 63rd Anniversary Convention — August 2 - 7 , 1969 — Houston, Texas.

MEMBERSHIP: Thank you brothers. We have now passed the 8,000 mark. Keep those Grand Taxes coming. We now have a supply of RITUALS and SPHINX MANUALS A N D GUIDES — Make your wishes known.

WHAT ABOUT A LIFE MEMBERSHIP. LAURENCE T. YOUNG — Executive Secretary

40

G. W. Hilliard, M.D.

Dr. George W. Hilliard, jr., 54, a prominent surgeon who was a leading member of Milwaukee's Negro community, died Tuesday.

Dr. Hilliard did not respond when his wife, Joy, tried to awaken him, according to the county medical examiners office. She called police who took him to county emergency hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 10 a.m.

The medical examiners office said death was caused by a heart attack. He had been under treatment for a heart ailment, the medical examiners office said.

Dr. Hilliard was born in Toccopolu, Miss., and moved to Beloit with his family as a child. He attended schools there and was graduated from Beloit college in 1936.

After graduating from Meharry medical school in Nashville, Tenn., in 1942, Dr. Hilliard served his internship and took post graduate training in surgery at Howard hospital there. He also studied chest surgery at Freedmans hospital in Washington, D.C. Dr. Hilliard was certified by the American board of Surgery.

He had been a delegate to the State Medical Society of Wisconsin for 10 years and had been treasurer of the Medical Society of Milwaukee County in 1966.

He was licensed in Wisconsin in 1951.

He was a member of the American Federation for Clinical Research and was a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He was a member of both the American Medical association and the National Medical association, the Negro counterpart of the AMA. Before ill health curtailed his activities, Dr. Hilliard had served on the executive boards of the Milwaukee branch of the NAACP, the Milwaukee Boys club and the Milwaukee Urban league.

In 1966-67 he was acting president of the Milwaukee NAACP branch. He also had served on the Milwaukee commission on community relations. Dr. Hilliard lived at 1027 W. Capitol drive.

The sea has no prejudice Relentlessly testing everything that enters its domain with currents, pressure, turbulence and a multitude of saline tricks.

The sea is a merciless adversary.

But if you have the mental equipment to outwit it, this last terrestrial frontier will reward your ambitions as few other areas can.

At the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics, we confront the sea daily. Building nuclear submarines and research submersibles that rank among the most sophisticated vehicles extant. Each, a self-contained 'world,' complete with life-support, propulsion, navigation, communications and many other complex systems. Each, a unique amalgam of research, design, development and manufacturing engineering in literally scores of technical and scientific areas.

If the sea has no prejudice, can you

expect less from those who would subdue it?

Right now, talented black employes are making major contributions in 45% of our departments, in over a hundred different occupational categories, ranging from planning and nuclear engineering to project and program management.

As we progress, building vehicles to penetrate deeper, faster and more silently into the depths, the difficulties become geometric. We need new talent, new ideas, new approaches.

To find out more about a career at the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics, write: W. Blankenship.

GENERAL

DYNAMICS

Electric Boat Division 111 Eastern Point Road.

Groton, Connecticut 06340 An Equal Opportunity Employer (M&F) U.S. Citizenship required

The Sphinx 4432 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive Chicago, Illinois 60653 Return Requested

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