The SPHINX | Winter 2000 | Volume 85 | Number 4

WINTER 2000 • Volume 85 • Number 4

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Little Brother Robert enjoys beating his Big Brother, Ouane, at the video arcade. Duane is a graduate student at North Carolina AST University.

And you thought being a Big Brother was serious business.

We know. You thought that being a Big Brother meant being a serious, mature role model, giving lots of sage advice, and taking trips to cultural events.

Guess again. What a Little Brother wants and needs most is just your friendship, a few hours of your time, and some fun. That's all.

So go ahead, call your local agency to become a Big Brother — and let the serious fun begin.

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PRESIDENT'S LETTER

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THE FORMAL CHARGE TO THE MLK PROJECT TEAM

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WHY THE MLK JR. MEMORIAL?

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES

9

THE BIRTH OF A NEW AGE

By Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

14 MLK SITE SELECTION

By Brother Clint C. Wilson, II

16 GEORGE SEALY AND AL BAILEY: GENERATORS AND PROPAGATORS OF THE MLK JR. MEMORIAL

By Brother Dr. Henry B. Dunbar

18 90% PLANNING, 10% EXECUTION: JOHN H. CARTER'S WINNING FORMULA

By Brother Robert L. Harris, Jr., Ph.D.

22 THE MLK MEMORIAL: DESIGN COMPETITION AND JURY

By Brother Joseph T. Durham, Ed.D.

25 ROMA WINS MLK DESIGN CONTEST 26 MEET THE MLK PROJECT TEAM 29 THE MLK MEMORIAL PROJECT'S INTERNAL FUNDRAISING EFFORT

By Brother Melvin White, Esq.

32 THE DESIGNERS AND THE DESIGN

By Brother Dr. Thomas D. Pawley, III

35 STATEMENT BY MRS. CORETTA SCOTT KING

37 MLK MEMORIAL DEDICATION

By Brother Vic Carter

38 MLK MEMORIAL BILL SPONSOR ENTERS OMEGA CHAPTER

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Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. H MEMORIAL EDITION

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WINTER 2000 VOLUME 85 • NUMBER 4

GENERAL OFFICERS Adrian L. Wallace General President

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CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. 2313 St. Paul Street Baltimore, MD 21218-5234 Phone: (410) 554-0040 Fax: (410) 554-0054 To change a mailing address: Send both the new and old address to: Membership Department Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. 2313 St. Paul Street Baltimore, MD 21218-5234 Alpha Phi Alpha Web Page Address: http ://www. apa 1906. org

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INFORMATION

The SPHINX® (USPS 510-440) is published quarterly for $40 a year by Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.* 2313 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-5234. Periodical postage paid at Baltimore, MD. Postmaster: send address changes to The SPHINX8,2313 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-5234.

The SPHINX" is the official magazine of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.* Send all editorial mail and changes of address to Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.* The Fraternity assumes no responsibility for return of unsolicited manuscripts or art. Opinions expressed in columns and articles do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.* Use of any person's name in fiction, semi-fiction, articles or humorous features is to be regarded as a coincidence and not as the responsibility of The SPHINX*, and is never done knowingly. Copyright 2000 Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reproduction, or use without permission, of the editorial or pictorial content of the magazine in any manner is prohibited. The SPHINX® has been published continuously since 1914. Organizing Editor: Brother Raymond W. Cannon. Organizing General President: Brother Henry Lake Dickason.

GENE OUR STEWARDSHIP RESPONSIBILITY

In November of 1996, President Bill Clinton signed congressional legislation authorizing Alpha Phi Alpha to be solely responsible for accepting contributions, and payment of the expenses of, the establishment of a memorial to honor Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on lands under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary of the District of Columbia or its environs (effectively Area II, land outside the Mall proper).

On January 27,1998, the 150th Congress of the United States passed legislation moving the location of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial to Area I (the Mall and its immediate environs). On December 2, 1999, the final of three governmental commissions approved a four-acre site on the Tidal Basin for the Memorial. An international design competition was launched with over 900 entries received from 32 countries. On September 13, 2000, the winning entry was announced. This magazine is devoted exclusively to the MLK Memorial. However, complete details of the tremendous work done by persons too numerous to name, the heartaches and setbacks endured and obstacles overcome are stories for another day.

Divine Providence moves at certain times and chooses certain people to perform certain tasks. Furthermore, I believe that it was no accident that initially in the winter of 1983, George Sealy and his wife Pauline were blessed with the idea for a memorial to Dr. King. Shortly thereafter, Alfred Bailey, Oscar Little, Eddie Madison and John Harvey joined them in this soon to be historic venture.

These names shall be forever enshrined and linked with the Memorial.

To these stalwarts, we owe an eternal debt of gratitude, not only for the idea but also for their perseverance and passion. As a direct result of their efforts, the project is evolving into a memorial. We are equally indebted to the previous administrations for their support in keeping the project alive. Ozell Sutton, 26th General President, embraced the idea when it was presented to him. Charles C. Teamer, 27th General President, presided over the project's official adoption as a Fraternity program. Henry Ponder, 28th General President, kept the idea of a memorial before congress. Milton C. Davis, 29th General President succeeded in obtaining passage of legislation authorizing the Memorial. James R. Williams, 25th General President, has led his Chapter, Eta Tau Lambda of Akron, Ohio, in making the largest donations of any Chapter to the Memorial to date.

The Washington D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc. was established by Alpha Phi Alpha as the 501c non-profit corporation vehicle through which the Memorial will be realized.

The original MLK Memorial Project Team consisted of John Carter as Project Chair, George Reaves as Treasurer, Frank Jenkins as Comptroller, Gene Shelton as Public/Media Relations Director, Tyrone Means as Legal Counsel, Bill Van Asselt as Executive Director, George Sealy and Alfred Bailey as Governmental Liaisons, Michael Leper as MIS Chair, Huel Perkins Internal Fundraising Chair, as well as Ozell Sutton, Ron Anderson and Hebrew Dixon.

Andrew Young agreed to serve as Honorary Co-Chair and Mrs. Coretta Scott King as Honorary Chairperson. Isaac Ferris (nephew of Dr. King) served as the first liaison between the Project and the King Center. It must be noted that the Project Team is composed entirely of volunteers who work many, many long hours, often at great personal and professional sacrifice, purely for the love of the organization and a belief in the Project.

Due to the enormous time requirements and the demands of professional and personal obligations, the Project Team's composition would of necessity change over time. A partial listing of others who served admirably include, Guillermo Hysaw, Bruce Austin, Vic Carter, Kevin Jenkins, Melvin White, Maurice Jenkins, Tonya White, Jim Richey, Pat Donald and Robert Harris as Historian.

However, I acknowledge and commend everyone associated or involved for their vital contributions in the nascent stages of the project, and also those who served or helped shape the project.

As predicated by our long-term strategy, we quickly outgrew our temporary office in the Corporate Headquarters of Alpha Phi

MEMORIAL EDITION

Raymond W. Cannon Organizing Editor

Henry Lake Dickason Organizing General President

Official Organ of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc.

John I. Harris, III Interim Editor-in-Chief Robert L. Harris, Jr., P h . D .

Guest Editor

William D. Lyle Communications Coordinator Brian A. Colella Design and Layout Brian A. Colella Photographer Ron Baker Photographer Deadlines for editorial submissions are as follows: Spring Issue - December Summer Issue - March Fall Issue - June Winter Issue - September

1 1 1 1

For advertisement display rates and other ad information contact: Editor of The SPHINX® Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. 2313 St. Paul Street Baltimore, MD 21218-5234 Phone: (410) 554-0040 Fax: (410) 554-0054

Alpha. The project office was relocated to Washington, D.C., and we have begun hiring staff to assume much of the work presently done by our volunteer Project Team. Make no mistake, the Memorial Project is a full-time endeavor.

The men of Alpha are unequivocally and steadfastly resolved to our stewardship commitment. We have nurtured the Project from its conception to its birth as an official Fraternal program. We have shepherded it through lean times and turbulent circumstances. We will guide it to its ultimately successful construction.

Our stewardship is vested in a firm belief that the Memorial is not only a good thing but also the right thing. We have stewardship responsibility to Dr. King's message of universal love and non-violence as a resolution to conflict. Furthermore, we have a stewardship responsibility to future generations to build a memorial so compelling it will elicit from the visitor a desire to learn more about the man, the movement and the message.

We, the men of Alpha Phi Alpha, commit our time, talent and resources in completing a memorial for the ages—a memorial that shall challenge one and all to be a part of something greater than themselves. We invite the world to join with us.

Diversity and inclusiveness are an integral part of our outreach. The Memorial Project is a multiethnic and multicultural operation. The International Design Jury consisted of members from India, China, Italy and of course the United States. Members of our Board of Directors—including our first Executive Director, represent a variety of ethnic persuasions. Distinguished persons agreeing thus far to serve as honorary members of the Board of Directors include former Chairman of The Joint Chiefs-of-Staff and newly-appointed U.S. Secretary of State General Colin Powell (Retired), Earl Graves, Publisher and Chief Executive Officer of Black Enterprise Magazine, National Urban League President Brother Hugh Price, Retired Senator Brother Edward Brooke and Rev. Dr. Robert Shuler.

The Memorial is for the future and about the promise of a brighter future for everyone. America is a land of many people, from all walks of life, diverse nationalities and ethnic origins. Our uniqueness is our strength, not a reason for division.

The Martin Luther Kingjr. Memorial, a People's Memorial, a memorial for the ages which celebrates all that is good and right about humanity, and challenges us individually and collectively to fulfill that potential and make democracy and freedom a reality for all.

Failure is not an option.

Alpha Phi Alpha Web Page Address http://www.apal906.org Adrian L. Wallace

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General President THE SPHINX® WINTER 2000

THE FORMAL CHADG TO Tjjjj iVIAKTM lUT

From General President Adrian L. Wallace

)u are called here today and duly appointed for thfe.v g ( R e - t o initiate the scope of work that will ultimately result in the historic unveiling of a memorial honoring the R ^ Dr. Martirrluther King, Jr. AlphaJPhi Alphas the first African-American organization to secure the righf to build a memoriai of any type on federal grounds near the capful. When successful, this will be only le second memorial to an African-American in our nation's capital. Thereforej^e hjK^afiique opportunity and awesome responsiâ&#x20AC;˘ to build a testament to the life and legacy of our Fraternal Brother.

My Brothers, this work we do must be inclusive and representative of the world community. We will enlist the cooperation and jlvement of persons from all walks of life irrespective of their race, color or national origin.

Our task is daunting. We are elevated to a new level of visibility and public scrutiny. Our every action will be second-guessed and lied into question. We must be flawless in our planning and impeccable in our accountabihty. Adversity is no stranger to us. I charge i team to accept no limits to its possibilities, to think creatively, to know that failure is not an option.

Dr. King belongs to the world and now the ages. The Memorial must be resplendent in its grandeur but find its elegance in simIicity. The Memorial must capture his deep and abiding compassion and also reflect his inner strength. The Memorial must reflect his ar-blind love for humanity. The Memorial must give the viewer a sense of the man and his behef that one day The Dream will be a ity. i Martin Luther King, Jr. Project acting in conjunction with and at the pleasure of the General President shall be responsible for izing, planning and erecting the Memorial for the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You are hereby so formally charged."

MLK, JR. MEMORIAL PROJECT

2000

WHY THE MLK, JR. MEMORIAL) BROTHER WALLACE SUPPLIES AN ANSWER IN HIS FRATERNAL LUNCHEON ADDRESS Editors Note: The address printed below was delivered by General President Adrian L. Wallace at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Fraternal Luncheon at the 93rd Anniversary Convention in Dallas, Texas.

(Editedfor publication).

into law, which gave Alpha Phi Alpha the authority to raise funds and to build the memorial, the real work began. In a year's time, our Project Team met with commissions that control all construction in Washington, D.C. We met with the National Park Service, historians, artists, the Commission on Fine k s I stand here before you this afternoon and I Arts, and the National Capital Planning A look across this magnificent ballroom at the Commission—to name a few. It was tough work x l p e o p l e seated before me, I can feel nothing but but comparatively speaking, it was smooth sailing. pride. As I look into your eyes, I realize the depth and Again—largely in part to the seriousness of the breadth of this organization—its membership, its people on the Project Team...they supplied inforpurpose and its mission. mation to each of these commissions and offered Tell me, if you will, what other organization testimony before each meeting—again, the memcould have done what we have accomplished with bers of the commissions were impressed and supregard to the Martin Luther King, Jr. National portive of our idea.

General President Adrian L. Memorial. When I first approached you about this Wallace delivers MLK, Jr. Fraternal That brings us now to the site—where our project, I made one statement that has served as a Luncheon address. greatest challenge to date remains. On Thursday, mantra for the mission. I said: "Failure is not an July 1,1999, the National Capital Planing Commission rejected the option." Many of you took that one statement to heart. You have Tidal Basin as a potential site. Our plan was for me to stand before contributed your funds. You have donated your time and you have you right now and say that we are now in the design and fund-raisbeen there with us on the cutting edge of history. ing phase of this project. But it was not to be.

You, the Brotherhood of Alpha Phi Alpha, took the concept of We had every hope and indication that this site would be building a memorial to our beloved Brother. You translated this approved in advance of the Commission vote. We even compiled a mission into words. You conveyed its urgency to members of task force of people, including a representative from each of the Congress and in no time our legislative members of the project commissions involved. The 8-to-4 negative vote was more than disteam had rallied enough support to have a bill sponsored by appointing. It was a cruel blow. It was unexpected and it was the Democrats and Republicans alike. antithesis of what we were led to believe would happen.

The fact that this was a mission of Alpha Phi Alpha played an For a fleeting moment, our spirits were low. But our strength important role on Capitol Hill—so much so that this concept went has been renewed. For we are keenly aware that without struggle from bill introduction to Presidential approval in a little more than there is no progress. The Project Team rallied on a conference call a year. and we have come up with a plan to essentially fight back.

No other memorial in the history of America can report that We have come this far and we are not about to turn our backs kind of success. In a two-day period, we received support from not over this latest vote. I have instructed our legislative branch to puronly the President of the United States but also from the Vice sue a course of action that puts this memorial on the Tidal Basin President as well. In fact, in Atlanta, Georgia, Al Gore talked about site by any means necessary. We have a plan, which is already in you and this project when he appeared before the NAACP's National action. Through our contacts on Capitol Hill, we have managed to Convention. have this site brought back before the NCPC. So, why this memorial? Why us? The answer is simple.

We will make another presentation at the Commission's When members of Congress asked who was running the show for August meeting, a week from now. But we will not enter this meetus, we rolled out our list of experts—many of whom are members ing alone. We will go with the blessings of a number of key people of Alpha Phi Alpha. The makeup of our Project Team rivals the in Washington—some of whom I am not at Liberty to disclose. boardrooms of many Fortune 500 companies. They have done an I have contacted Mrs. Coretta Scott King, and she too has excellent job and they deserve your applause. voiced her disappointment in the NCPC decision. She is formulatBut it does not end there. Once the President signed the bill ing a statement, which is forthcoming. I also plan to contact the THE SPHINX" WINTER 2000

MLK, JR. MEMORIAL PROJECT White House to ask both the President and Vice President to join us in voicing displeasure over the NCPC action and to support the Tidal Basin as the site for Dr. King's legacy to live on in American history in a tangible form.

So Brothers, I stand before you as the MLK, Jr. Project Chairman John H. Carter presents brick to Brother Guillermo Hysaw, General President of this Past External Fund Development great organization and I Committee Chairman for the Project, tell you that the chips are down. We are embarking on a course that goes only one way. Right now is not the time for us to be divided. It is instead a time for us to be unified. It is a time for us to speak with one voice-a voice that is unwavering and clear.

That voice must say that this memorial to this man is a mandate to this nation. We have the approval, yes, and the authorization of the Congress and the President of the United States.

We have chosen a site that puts Brother Dr. King in a rightful place—in a visual line of leaders. We do not want our Brother sandwiched in between memorials dedicated to war. We do not want this memorial to be merely a spot that rests in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial. If the truth be told, the speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial represents just a moment in history—a time frozen and remembered by the haunting words of "Free at last...free at last..thank God almighty, we're free at last..."

Dr. King was more than a man who stood in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial. He is one who stood tall but cast shadows on no one. He deserves to be remembered in a place of peace, a place of tranquillity, a place of his own. Now is the time, Brothers, to rally with your Fraternity. If you are with me then say "A-Phi." I didn't hear you Brothers. If you are ready to join us in this quest then say "A-Phi" and if you are willing to make repeated contributions to this cause, then say "A-Phi." We always lose a few on that note.

MEMORIAL EDITION

Many of you have made significant contributions—and we will recognize you in just a moment—but that is not enough. This is a project of this Fraternity and it needs the support of every member. I have heard the rumblings in our membership. Some of you think this project is dead. It is not. Some of you think that this project team has not done a good job. That is untrue and I want those comments to stop. Some of you have been making your own assumptions but have not lifted a finger to help. Now is your chance to prove your dedication to this Fraternity and to this project.

I can say this in no plainer terms. What we are doing is making history. More important than that—we are preserving history.

Long after you and I have gone on to glory, there will be a memorial standing to a man and a movement that changed the course of a nation and affected people around the world. Now is your time to claim your rightful place in history.

I want these words to be heard not just in this hallowed hall but across the nation.

Take the message back to your chapter and share it with Brothers who are not here so that there is no mistake in what I am saying. I have made available copies of this text, which you can refer to when delivering this message.

As your servant and as your leader, I command that this Brother William C. Calhoun presided over the MLK Luncheon at the 1999 Dallas Convention. memorial move forward under our hand. It is moving forward because that is the direction we are facing. I command that this memorial be reflective of the ideals of Alpha Phi Alpha. It will illuminate the man, the movement, and the message. But most of all, it will be a place for all people, of all backgrounds, and from all walks of life, from all around the world. We are moving and we are moving in the right direction.

We are walking toward a goal—much like Martin walked across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. We are walking—like Martin in the streets of Selma and Birmingham and Washington, D.C. So let's walk together children and don't you get weary. Walk together children, don't you get weary. Walk.

THE WASHINGTON, DC MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. NATIONAL MEMORIAL PROJECT FOUNDATION, INC. TEN GUIDING PRINCIPLES Preamble: "This Memorial will be built."

Principle One: The Foundation has a clear mission and purpose to build a memorial to Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Washington, D.C. Once this mission is accomplished, the current Foundation will no longer exist.

Principle Two: The Foundation welcomes the support of the King family and all families of freedom and liberty from around the world.

Principle Three: All funds raised by the Foundation for this project are to be used solely for the purpose of building a memorial to Dr. King.

Principle Four: In order to comply with regulations of the Internal Revenue Service and to operate in a transparent manner, the Foundation will make its financial records available to the public.

Principle Five: The Foundation subscribes to the Code Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the National Society of Fund Raising Executives (NSFRE) and the NSFRE's Bill of Rights to heighten donor and constituent confidence in the project.

Principle Six: The Foundation will share ownership of the project with all people, nationally and internationally.

Principle Seven: The mission of the Foundation has been endorsed by leading citizens in business, the professions, government, media, religious and faith-based groups; in fact all sectors.

Principle Eight: In accordance with the NSFRE Donor Bill of Rights and Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice, the Foundation will recognize all support, as appropriate.

Principle Nine: The Foundation will develop and address key messages for all aspects of the campaign.

Principle Ten: The Foundation will strive to build consensus among its diverse community of key stakeholders (Alphas, donors and the general public).

THE SPHINX" WINTER 2000

Editor's Note: The following address was delivered in August of 1956 by Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the 50th Anniversa of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., Buffalo, New York (Editedfor publication).

T

hank you so much for your kindness Brother Alexander.

Brother Stanley, Brothers of Alpha, ladies and gentlemen, I need not pause to say how happy I am to be here this evening and to be a part of this auspicious occasion. I can assure you that this is one of the happiest moments of my life.

As I look over the audience I see so many familiar faces and so many dear friends that it is a real pleasure to be here. I only regret that certain responsibilities elsewhere made it impossible for me to be in on the other part of the sessions.

My heart was here and I was here in spirit. I am very happy to share the platform with so many distinguished Alpha men and so many distinguished American citizens and I say once more that this is a high moment in my life.

I would like to take just a moment to express my personal appreciation to our General President, Brother Stanley in particular, and to all of the Alpha Brothers over the country in general for the moral support and the financial contributions that you have given to those of us who walk the streets of Montgomery. I can assure that these things have given us renewed courage and vigor to carry on. The thing that we are doing in Montgomery we feel is bigger than Montgomery and bigger than 50,000 Negroes, and I assure you that we always appreciate your kind words and your contributions. I can remember those days, very dark days, when many of us confronted a trial in court and I could look out in the courtroom and see our very eminent General President. That made me feel very good as an Alpha man and I want to thank you for what you have done all along. But I did not come here tonight to talk about Montgomery and I know it is getting late. I am sure you don't want to be bored with me too long and I am going to try to comply with your silent request.

I want to use as a subject, "The Birth of a New Age".

Those of us who lived in the 20th Century are privileged to live in one of the most momentous periods of human history.

It is an exciting age, filled with hope. It is an age in which a new world order is being born. We stand today between two worldsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the dying old and the emerging new. I am aware of

MEMORIAL EDITION

the fact that there are those who would argue that we live in the most ghastly period of human history. They would contend that the deepest of deep rumblings of the discontent in Asia, and we haverisingsin Africa, the naturalistic longings of Egypt and the racial tensions of America, are all indicative of the deep and tragic midnight which encounters our civilization. They would argue that we are going backwards instead of forward, that we are retrogressing instead of progressing.

But far from representing retrogression or tragic hopelessness, the present tension represents the necessary pains that accompany the birth of anything new. It is both historically and biologically true that there can be no birth or growth wimout birth and growing pains. Wherever there is the emergence of the new and the fading of the old, that is historically true and so the tensions which we witness in the world today are indicative of the fact that a new world is being born and an old world is passing away.

We are all familiar with this old world that is dying, the old world that is passing away, we have lived with it, we have seen it, we look out and see it in its international proportion and we see it in the form of Colonialism and Imperialism. We realize that there are approximately 2,400,000,000 people on the face of the globe and the vast majority of these peoples in the world are colored. About 1,600,000,000 of these people of the world are colored and most of these people, if not all of the colored people of the world, have lived under the yoke of Colonialism and Imperialism, fifty years ago to twenty-five years ago. All of these people were dominated and controlled by some foreign power. We could look over to China and see the 600,000,000 men and women there under the yoke of the British and the Dutch and the French. We could look to Indonesia. We could notice the 100,000,000 there under the pressing yoke of the Dutch. We could turn our eyes to India and Pakistan and notice there are 400,000,000 brown men and women under the pressing yoke of the British. We could turn our eyes to Africa and notice the 200,000,000 black men and women there dominated b\ the British, the Dutch, the

THE BIRTH OF A NEW AGE French and the Belgian. All of these people lived for years and centuries under the yoke of foreign power and they were dominated politically, exploited economically, segregated and humiliated. But there comes a time when people grow tired, when the throbbing desires of freedom begin to break forth.

There comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of the tramper. There comes a time when people get tired of being plunged across the abyss of exploitation, where they have experienced the bleakness and madness of despair. There comes a time when people get tired of being pushed out of the glittering sunlight of life's July and left standing in the pitying state of an Alpine November.

So with the coming of this time an uprising started and protest started and these peoples rose up against Colonialism and Imperialism and as a result, out of 1,600,000,000 colored people in the world today, 1,300,000,000 are free. They have their own government, their own economic system and their own educational system. They have broken loose from the evils of the Colonialism and they are passing through the wilderness of adjustment, through the promised land of cul-J tural integration, and if we look back we see the old order off Colonialism and Imperialism thrown upon the seashores of the world and we see the new world of freedom and justice emerging on the horizon of the universe. But not only have we seen the emergence of this new order on the international scale, not only have we seen the old order on the international scale, we have seen the old order on the national scale. We see it on the national scale in the form of segregation and discriminationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that is the old order that we witness today passing away. We know the history of this old order in America.

You will remember that it was in the year 1619 that the first Negro slave was brought to the shores of this nation. They were brought here from the soils of Africa and unlike the Pilgrim fathers who landed here at Plymouth a year later, they were brought here against their will. For more than 200 years Africa was raped and plundered, a native kingdom disorganized, the people and rulers demoralized and throughout slavery the Negro slaves were treated in a very in-human form.

This is expressed very clearly in the Dred Scott Decision in 1857 when the Supreme Court of this nation said in substance that the Negro is not a citizen of the United States, he is merely property subject to the dictates of his owner.

Then came 1896 when the same court, the Supreme Court of the nation, in the famous Plessey vs. Ferguson Case, established the doctrine of "separate but equal" as the law of the land. Now segregation had moral and legal sanction by the highest court in the land and of course, they were always interested in the separate aspect but never the equal and this doctrine "separate but equal" made for tragic inequality. It made for injustice, it made for exploitation, it made for suppression, and it went a long time but then something hap-

10

pened to the Negro himself. He had traveled and he was getting more education and getting greater economic power and he came to feel that he was somebody. He came to the point that he was now re-evaluating his natural investments and he came to the point of seeing that the basic thing about an individual is this fundamental, not in the texture or the quality of his hair, but the texture and quality of his soul, so he could not cry out with eloquent force. Fleecy locks and black complexion cannot scoff at nature's claim, skin may differ but affection dwells in white and black the same. "Were I so tall as to reach the pole, or grasp the ocean with my span, it must be measured by my soul, the mind is the standard of man."

With this new sense of dignity, with this new self respect.

The Negro decided to rise up against this old order of segregation and discrimination. Then came May 17, 1954 in the same Supreme Court of the nation, passed unanimously the Brown v. Board of Education decision stating that the old "Separate Doctrine" must go now, that separate facilities are inherently unequal and that this segregation, therefore, one the basis of his race is to deny him equal protection of the law.

With this decision we have been able to see the gradual death of the old order of segregation and discrimination.

We now see the new order of integration emerging on the horizon. Let nobody fool you, all the loud noises we hear today in terms of nullification and interposition are nothing but the death groans of the dying system. The old order is passing away, the new order is coming into being. But whenever there is anything new there are new responsibilities. As fej we think of this coming new world we must think of the chal-1 lenge that we confront and the new responsibilities that stand before us. We must prepare to live in a new world.

I would tike to suggest some things that we must do to live in this new world, to prepare to live in it, the challenges that confront us. Thefirstthing is this, that we most rise above the narrow confines of our individualistic concerns, with a broader concern for all humanity. You see, this new world is a world of geographical togetherness. No individual can afford to five alone now. The nation cannot five alone for we have been brought together. This has been done certainly by modern man with great scientific insight. Man through his scientific genius has been able to draw distance and save time and space. He has been able to carry highways through the stratosphere. We read just the other day that a rocket plane went 1900 miles in one hour. Twice as fast as the speed of sound.

This is the new age. Bob Hope has described this new age, this jet age; it is an age in which planes will be moving so fast that we will have a non-stopflightfrom New York to Los Angeles, when you start out you might develop the hiccups and you will hie in New York and cup in Los Angeles. This is an age in which it will be possible to leave Tokyo on a Sunday morning and arrive in Seattle, Washington on the preceding Saturday night. When your friends meet you at the airport and ask what time did you leave Tokyo, you will have to say I left tomorrow.

That is this new age. We live in one world geographically. We face a great problem of making it one spiritually.

Through our scientific means we have made of the world a neighborhood and now the challenge confronts us through our moral and spiritual means to make of it a brotherhood.

We must live together. We are not independent, we are interdependent. We are all involved in a single process. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirecdy for we are tied together in a single progress. We are all linked in the great chain of humanity. As one man said, that no man is an island, entirely of himself. Every man is a piece of a continent and a part of a main. I am involved in mankind, therefore we will not send to know for whom the bells toll, they toll for thee. We must discover that and live by it... if we are to live meaningfully in this one world that is emerging. But not only that, we must be able to achieve excellency in our variousfieldsof endeavor. In this new world doors will be opening that were not open in the old world. Opportunities will come now that did not come in the past and the next challenge confronting us is to be prepared for these opportunities astiieycome.

We must prepare ourselves in every field of human endeavor. We must extend our interest and we must accomplish a great deal now to be prepared for these doors to be open. There are so many things, so many areas we need to be prepared in. We need more ingenuity. We have been relatively content with the relatively material possessions such as medicine, teaching and law. All of these are noble and gracious but we must prepare ourselves. Doors will be opening in all of these areas and we need people, we need more kinds who can qualify in the area of engineering, more architects and even more in the medical profession. We need to do more in the area of specialization now because the opportunities are coming and we must be prepared. In this new world we can now compete with people, not Negro people. We must not go out to be a good Negro barber, a good Negro lawyer, a good Negro teacher, we will have to compete with people. We must go out to do the job. Ralph Waldo Emerson said in an Essay back in 1878 that, "If a man can write better books or preach a better sermon or make a better mouse trap than his neighbor, even if he builds his house in the woods, the world will make a beaten path to his door." That will be increasingly true. We must be ready. We must confront the opportunities and we must be ready to go into these doors as they open.

No matter what area and all fields, we should be ready.

We need more skilled laborers. We need more people who are competent in all areas and always remember that the important thing is to do a good job. No matter what it is. Whatever you are doing consider it as something having cosmic significance, as it is a part of the uplifting of humanity. No matter what it is, no matter how small you think it is, do it right. As someone said, do it so well that the living, dead, or the unborn could do it no better. If your son grows up to be a street cleaner, sweep streets like Michaelangelo painted pictures, sweep streets like Beethoven composed music, sweep streets like Shakespeare wrote poetry, sweep streets so well that all the hosts of heaven and earth will have to pause and say, "here lived a great street sweeper who swept his job well." If you

THE BIRTH OF A NEW AGE can't be a pine on the top of the hill be a shrub on the side, but be the best shrub on the side of the hill. Be a bush if you can't be a tree, if you can't be a highway be a trail, if you can't be the sun be a star. It isn't by size that you win or you fail. Be the best of whatever you are and that is the second challenge, that we confront the issues of today and prepare to live in this new age.

There is a third and basic challenge. We must prepare to go into this new age without bitterness. That is a temptation that is a danger to all of those of us who have lived for many years under the yoke of oppression and those of us who have been confronted with injustice, those of us who have lived under the evils of segregation and discrimination, will go into the new age with bitterness and indulging in hate campaigns.

We cannot do it that way. For if we do it that way, it will be just a perpetuation of the old way. We must conquer the hate of the old age and the love of the new age and go into the new age with the love that is understanding for all men, to have with it a forgiving attitude, it has with it something that will cause you to look deep down within every man and see within him something of Godliness. That something that will cause you to stand up before him and love him.

As we move in this transition from the old age into the new we will have to rise up in protest. We will have to boycott at times, but let us always remember that boycotts are not ends within themselves. A boycott it just a means to an end. A boycott is merely a means to say, "I don't like it." It is merely a means to awaken a sense of shame within the oppressor but the end is reconciliation. The end is the creation of a beloved community.

The end is the creation of a society where men will live together as brothers. An end is not retaliation but redemption.

That is the end we are trying to reach. That we would bring these creative forces together we would be able to live in this new age which is destined to come. The old order is dying and the new order is being born. You know, all of this tells us something about the meaning of the universe. It tells something about something that stands in the center of the cosma, it says something to us about this, that justice eventually rules in this world. This reminds us that the forces of darkness cannot permanently conquer the forces of light and this is the thing that we must live by. This is the hope that all men of goodwill live by, the belief that justice will triumph in the universe and the fact that the old order is passing away and a new order is being born is an eternal reminder of that truth that stands at the center of our faith.

It is something there that says this, that iniquity may occupy the throne of force but ultimately it must give way to the triumphant Jesus on the throne of Egypt. It says to us that evil may prevail again and the Ceasar will occupy the palace and Christ the cross, but one day that same Christ will rise up

THE BIRTH OF A NEW AGE and split history into A.D. and B.C. so that even the life of Caesar must be dated by His name. There is something in this universe that justified Carlisle in saying, "No lie can live forever." There is something in the universe that justifies James Russell Lowell in saying, "Truths forever on the scaffold, wrong forever on the throne, yet that scaffold weighs the future and behind the demon, Wrong, stands God within the shadow, keeping watch above his own." There is something in the universe that justified William C. Bryant in saying, 'Truth crushed down will rise again.' That is the meaning of this message that is emerging. This is the hope that we can live by.

Now I am about to close, but I cannot close without giving a warning signal. I have talked a great deal about this coming new age, about this age that is passing away and about this age that is now coming into being. There is a danger that after listening to that you will become the victims of an optimism covered with superficiality. An optimism which says in substance we can sit down now and do nothing because this new age is inevitable. We can sit down and wait for the rolling in of the wheels of inevitability, we don't need to do anything, it's coming anyway. We cannot be complacent. We cannot sit idly by and wait for the coming of the inevitable. I would urge you not to take that attitude for it might be true that this new age is inevitable but we can speed it up, the coming of the new age. It might be true that old man segregation is on his deathbed but history has proven that social systems save a great last minute breathing power. The vanguards and the guardians of the status quo are always on hand with their obstacles in an attempt to keep the old order alive. So that we are not to think that segregation will die without an effort and working against it. Segregation is still a reality in America. We still confront it in the South and it is blaring in conspicuous forms. We still confront it in the North in its hidden and subde form. But if democracy is to live, segregation must die.

Segregation is evil, segregation is against the will of the Almighty God, segregation is opposed to everything that democracy stands for, segregation is nothing but slavery covered up with the niceties of complexities. So we must continue to work against it.

We must continue to stand up, we must gain the ballot—that is important—we cannot overlook the importance of the ballot. By gaining the ballot we will gain political power and doing that we will be able to persuade the Executive and legislative branches of the government to follow the examples so courageously set by the Judicial clan. We must continue to get the ballot. We must continue to work through legislation and that is an important avenue, we can never overlook that.

It may be true that they cannot make them live more moral, that might be true, I don't know. But that never was the intention of the law anyway. The law doesn't seek so much to

change a mans internal feelings but it seeks to control the external effect of those internal feelings. So that we must continue to support the N.A.A.C.P. which has done such a noble and courageous job in this area. They may try to outlaw this organization in Alabama and Louisiana but it still remains true that this is the greatest organization in the nation working for the Civil Rights of our people.

Then, in order to gain this freedom and to move away from the cycles of segregation we have got to go down in our pockets and give some money. I assure you that integration is not some lavish gift that the white man will pass out on a silver platter while the Negro merely furnishes the appetite. If we are to gain it we have got to work for it, we have got to sacrifice for it. We have got to pay for it. We cannot use the excuse any more that we don't have the money. The national income of the Negro now is more than 16 billion dollars, more than the national income of Canada. We have the money, we can do it. We have it for everything else that we want. We have the biggest and thefinestcars in the world and we can spend it for all those frivolities. Now let us use our money for something lasting, not merely for extravagancies. I am not the preacher that would condemn social fife and recreational activities— those are important aspects of life—but I would urge you not to put any of these things before this pressing and urgent problem of civil rights. We must spend our money not merely for the adolescent and transitory things, but this eternal, lasting something that we call freedom.

Finally, in order to do this job we have got to have more dedicated, consecrated, intelligent and sincere leadership.

This is a tense period through which we are passing, this period of transition and there is a need all over the nation for leaders to carry on. Leaders who can somehow sympadiize with and calm us and at the same time save a positive quality.

We have got to have leaders of this sort who will stand by courageously and yet not run off with emotion. We need leaders not in love with money but in love with justice. Not in love with publicity but in love with humanity. Leaders who can subject their particular egos to the pressing urgencies of the great cause of freedom. God give us leaders. A time like this demands great leaders. Leaders whom the fog of life cannot chill, men whom the lust of office cannot buy. Leaders who have honor, leaders who will not fie. Leaders who will stand before a pagan god and damn his treacherous flattery.

God grant from this noble assembly, this noble assembly of fraternity men some of the leaders of our nation will emerge. God has blessed you, he has blessed you with great intellectual resources and those of you who represent the intellectual powers of our race. God has blessed many of you with great wealth and never forget that those resources came from people in the back doing a little job in a big way. Never forget that you are where you are today because the masses have helped you get there and they stand now out in the wilderness. Now being able to speak for themselves, they stand walking the streets in protest just not knowing exacdy THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

THE BIRTH OF A NEW AGE what to do and the techniques. They are waiting for somebody out in the midst of the wilderness of life to stand up and speak and take a stand for them.

God grant that the resources that you have will be used to do that, the great resources of education, the resources of wealth and that we will be able to move into this new world, a world in which men will live together as brothers; a world in which men will no longer take necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes. A world in which men will throw down the sword and live by the higher principle of love. The time when we shall be able to emerge from the bleak and desolate midnight of man's inhumanity to man into the bright and glittering daylight of freedom and justice. That there will be the time we will be able to stand before the universe and say with joyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;The kingdom of this world has become the kingdom of our Lord and our Christ! And he shall reign forever and ever! Hallelujah!

Note: The Alpha Award of Honor was made to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., by Tolly W. Harris, in recognition of "Christia ship in the cause offirstclass citizenship for all mankind." The Alpha Medal ofHonor was awarded to Arthur D. Shores, of Birmingh Alabama, for "most extraordinary, meritorious and distinguished service in thefield of human rights." The Founders'Award was ma to Thurgood Marshallfor his "contributions to constitutional law'and citizenship"; and a second Founders'Award was made to Cha H. Wesley for "contributions to the history of Alpha Phi Alpha and the field of education." The Undergraduate Award for Cha Achievement was made to Beta Sigma Chapter. Closing remarks were made by General President Frank L Stanley and the adjourn was conducted by S. S. Booker.

Iride toward | project has have been fss may run lis the most Jackson, Jr., ivironment ILK Project Although the site along the Tidal Basin seems secure, several approval stages remain before the historic groundbreaking ceremony can be held there. Jackson said that the recently selected design concept must now undergo a process similar to the one for site selection and approval.

Approval of memorial projects sought by any group for construction on the Mall in Washington D.C. will involve the National Park Service (NPS), the Capital Memorial Commission (CMC), the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) and the Commission on Fine Arts (CFA). A review of the chronology of site selection for the King Memorial reveals the difficult and arduous task faced by the project team, including the Tidal Basin site's approval, rejection and subsequent re-approval.

July 2 9 , 1 9 9 7 Presentation made to the Capital Memorial Commission.

January 10, 1998 Capital Memorial Commission recommends that MLK Memorial be given Site I status where major memorials are located.

February 1998 Joint Resolution 41 is introduced before the Senate by Senators Paul Sarbanes (D-Maryland) and John Warner (R-Virginia).

Senator Mary Landrieu (D-Louisiana) was added as a co-sponsor.

March 4 , 1 9 9 8 Joint Resolution 113 introduced before the House by Representatives Constance Morella (R-Maryland), Brother Julian Dixon (D-California) and Elijah Cummings (D-Maryland) asking for Site I authorization March 5, 1998 Senator Max Cleland (DGeorgia) added as a co-sponsor asking for Site I authorization.

June 22, 1998 House Joint Resolution 113 passed by the United States House of Representatives, giving the project Site I status.

June 25, 1998 Senate Joint Resolution 41 was passed by the United States Senate giving the project Site I status.

October 1, 1998 Capital Memorial Commission approves site in Constitution Gardens area where war memorials are located.

November 10, 1998 Brother Dr. Ed Jackson makes his first presentation to the CMC on recommended Constitution Gardens site. Commission votes to recommend this site to the Secretary of Interior.

December 17,1998 Emergency meeting held with NCPC and the CFA to identify concerns with Constitution Gardens site. The foremost issue was incongruity of placing a pacifist of Dr. King's stature amongst war memorials.

January 20, 1999 Project Team joint meeting with members of the Capital Memorial Commission, National Capital Planning Commission and the Commission on Fine Arts. No objections made to the proposed West Potomac Park/Tidal Basin site.

THE SPHINX速 WINTER 2000

MLK Memorial Site Selection continued March 4, 1999 The Project Team appears before the National Capital Planning Commission. The NCPC staff prepares an independent analysis of all Project Team sites and recommends approval of the Tidal Basin site to the NCPC. However, the NCPC votes 6-5 in favor of approving the east end of Constitution Gardens as the site for the Memorial, against the recommendations of the Project Team and the NCPC's own staff.

March 8, 1999 The Project Team appears before the Commission on Fine Arts (CFA). Recommendation of the Tidal Basin site is reviewed and the decision of the NCPC is shared with CFA. The CFA votes unanimously to reject the Constitution Gardens site for consideration.

They take no vote, however, to approve the preferred Tidal Basin site. Instead, they leave the Project Team with a recommendation to study two additional sites, one on the west end of Constitution Gardens and another on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, as possible locations for the King Memorial.

April 6, 1999 An Informal meeting of the Project Team and representatives from all organizations participating in the site selection process convenes. The group decides to extend site approval by three to six months, beginning with the formation of a MLK Interagency Task Force, composed of those present and any other representatives the group feels appropriate. The purpose of the task force is to conduct a new analysis of four sites (Tidal Basin, East Constitution Gardens, West Constitution Gardens, Lincoln steps) and prepare a compromise position to be taken to the commissions, hopefully in June.

May 5, 1999 At this second meeting of the MLK Memorial Interagency Task Force, the group agrees to recommend the Tidal Basin site at the June 1 CFA meeting and the July 1 NCPC meeting.

June 1 7 , 1 9 9 9 The Commission on Fine Arts (CFA) gives unanimous preliminary approval for the Tidal Basin site symbolically located on a direct axis between the national memorials to Presidents Lincoln and Jefferson and next to Roosevelt. The approval, already endorsed by other cognizant agencies, paves the way for a final vote of approval by the National Capital Planning Commission on July 1.

July 1 , 1 9 9 9 National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) rejects the Tidal Basin site previously approved by various other agencies. The Project Team, at the request of several members of cognizant commissions, is asked to participate in a joint work group convened by MEMORIAL EDITION

the Executive Director of NCPC to evaluate all available sites. After analyzing the alternatives, the unanimous consensus is that the Tidal Basin site is the best location for the King Memorial. The Project Team plans to go back to the NCPC on August 5,1999 with the same recommendation.

July 1 6 , 1 9 9 9 Staff members from Congressional sponsors meet to discuss strategy to obtain Tidal Basin site. Included are representatives from the offices of Senators Sarbanes and Warner and Representatives Dixon and Morella. The object is to get the Tidal Basin site back on the NCPC agenda for August 5, 1999 with appropriate support for passage.

December 2 , 1 9 9 9 The NCPC votes unanimously to rescind its March 4, 1999, action approving the east end of Constitution Gardens and approves a four-acre site adjacent to the Tidal Basin.

December 3,1999 The site approval receives positive press in all major national media, including CNN, NBC, ABC, COX, CBS and NPR. More than 78 positive articles are published in major newspapers, including the front page of the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times and the Atlanta Journal and Constitution.

Now that a design concept has been selected for the Memorial, it requires further development (from concept stage to design development and finally to construction documents) before final approval is obtained and construction begins. The cognizant oversight commissions will assess how the design concept actually translates into practical reality.

For example, Jackson said, the design will be evaluated in terms of its visual impact and harmony with the site and surrounding environment. Among the issues to be considered are the aesthetics and context of neighboring memorials (ie: Thomas Jefferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorials).

"It is quite possible that the design concept will be shuttled back and forth between the various commissions before final approval to begin construction is obtained," said Brother Jackson.

However, Brother Jackson expressed his confidence in the stature, professionalism and thoroughness of the project team and believes strongly that this memorial will serve as a symbol of hope to the dream of Dr. King.

Brother Jackson looks forward to a ground breaking ceremony marking the end of a long ordeal with the various regulatory commissions by spring, 2003 at the Tidal Basin site that he deems truly, "the most appropriate" place to honor a great American.

Brothers George Sealey and Alfred Bailey:

GCRGRATORS m PROPAGATORS

Of the Idea for the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial

By Brother Dr. Harry B. Dunbar

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. would be remiss if this special issue of The Sphinx9 devoted to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Project did not acknowledge the roles played by Brothers George Sealey and Alfred Bailey in conceiving, developing and advancing the idea for this memorial. Their intellect, energy and steadfastness have brought it and us to where we are today.

The incipient idea for a memorial grew from a discussion that Brother George Sealey had with his wife Pauline during the winter of 1983. They talked of the memorials which exist in the nation's capital and of the lack of representation of AfricanAmericans among them, - this in a city with a population that was at the time 70 percent black. They concluded that there was a compelling need for a statue, building or memorial of some type to symbolize the best contribution of African-Americans to the cultural history of America. They reviewed hundreds of black historical figures and concluded that the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., as the incarnation of the spirit of struggle for universal justice, was the appropriate person to symbolize the contribution of AfricanAmerican people to this longing of the spirit. The idea of a Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C. was born.

Brother Sealey set about to demonstrate that, â&#x20AC;&#x201D; as Victor Hugo (1802 - 1885) the French essayist had observed, "an idea whose time has arrived is mightier than an army with banners."

Brother Sealey began what was to be a 17-year struggle to develop an army to carry the banner for the idea of a Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial in the nation's capital. He observed that he needed a sponsor for the proposal.

Early on, Brother Sealey decided that the most appropriate sponsor was the first Greek-letter fraternity of African-American college men in die service of mankind. As Jewels Henry Arthur Callis, Charles Henry Chapman, Eugene Kinckle Jones, George Biddle Kelley, Nathaniel Allison Murray, Vertner Woodson Tandy and Robert Harold Ogle had believed in their time, Brother Sealey believed that the time had arrived to give life to an idea, and that Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity should bring the idea to life. What more fitting labor was there for the Brotherhood at the dawn of a new century than to memorialize the idea of universal justice for all

people, as exemplified by the life and work of one of its own? What more suitable exemplar for the Memorial than the drum major for justice?

Brother Sealey saw that the contribution of Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was and is of a quality and kind that has significance for the ages. Moreover, it transcends the bond and bounds of the Black and Old Gold, of race, color, creed and of nationality, thereby meriting the support of all of mankind. Brother Sealey reasoned that he would propose to Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. that it spearhead the mounting of a memorial to a world citizen, in the capital of his own country, to be supported by all of mankind.

By the end of 1983, taking the counsel of several Brothers in Alpha, notably Oscar Little, John Harvey and Eddie Madison, Brother Sealey drafted a proposal for the Memorial. Pleasantly surprised at the welcome which the idea received, he restructured it into a more formal document for presentation to Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Brother Alfred Bailey joined him at about this time and became a partner in promoting it. They made the decision to present the proposal to the Board of Directors of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. at its January 1984 meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The Board accepted the report unanimously. In July of 1984, Brother Sealey presented the proposal to the General Convention of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. in Cleveland, which accepted it.

Iota Upsilon Lambda Chapter, Brother Sealey's Chapter in Silver Spring, Maryland, made the Martin Luther King Jr., Memorial Project a Chapter effort and appointed him Project Chairman. Iota Upsilon Lambda Chapter made the first financial contribution, $1,000, to the project. The Alpha Wives Club of Montgomery County, Maryland contributed a like amount.

Brothers Sealey and Bailey acknowledge the strong, early and sustained support given to the project by Past General President James Williams and by Eta Tau Lambda Chapter of Akron, Ohio and by Brother Huel Perkins.

Brothers Bailey and Sealey became a strong team in the difficult period from 1993 to 1997. They worked with members of Congress and their staffs for passage of enabling legislation for the Memorial. Up to a point they lobbied only Democratic Senators and Democratic members of the House of Representatives. Notable THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

GENERATORS A N D PROPAGATORS continued: among these were Senator Paul Sarbanes, Democrat of Maryland and Representative Julian Dixon, Democrat of California. Brothers Bailey and Sealey then changed their strategy and solicited assistance from Republican members of the House and Senate as well.

Senator John Warner, Republican of Virginia and Representative Connie Morella, Republican of Maryland, volunteered to promote the required legislation in the 102nd and the 103rd Congresses (1995 and 1996). The efforts with these two Congresses were not successful.

In November of 1996, the time arrived for Brother Sealey's idea of a memorial to the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in our Nation's Capital. With strong support from both sides of the aisle, the 104th Congress passed the Memorial Bill. Without opposition, both the House and Senate approved the final measure to allow construction of a memorial to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in the nation's capital.

The heavy lifting did not end with the passage of the Memorial Bill and its signing by President Bill Clinton. The legislation passed by the 104th Congress had not specified a site for the Memorial.

This omission required the mounting of a second effort to get a bill specifying the Mall as the location for it.

In February of 1997, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. General President Adrian Wallace manifested the strongest support to come from a General President since the Martin Luther King Memorial Project came into being. Brother Wallace energized the effort and added muscle to it. He convened a meeting of the principals and restructured the Project Team. He assigned overall charge of the effort to Brother John Carter. He gave Brothers Sealey and Bailey the responsibility for the governmental liaison and political aspects of the project.

February of 1998 saw the kickoff of fundraising within Alpha Phi Alpha. Joining Brothers John Carter, Project Chairman and Huel Perkins, Chairman of Internal Fundraising on the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Committee, respectively, was Brother Andrew Young. Brother Young agreed to serve as Chairman of External Fundraising.

In February and March 1999, Project Team Leader John H. Carter and Design Committee Chairman Dr. Ed Jackson appeared before one of the most powerful committees in Washington, D.C. —the Commission on Fine Arts. A low point in morale in the interim between the approval of the Memorial and that of a site for it was evidenced that spring. In May Brother Wallace said: "As we remember the violence and what happened in our past— the lynchings, the bombings, the church burnings... and even as we witness the brutality in the death of James Byrd, Jr. in Jasper,

Texas —it becomes more evident every day that we must build this symbol of peace. Not just for Alpha Phi Alpha and not just for America, but for the whole world. It is our mandate, as Brothers of peace and power to honor the Man . . . the Movement... the Message." That summer, in his Fraternal Luncheon Address at the 93rd Anniversary Convention in Dallas in August 1999, Brother Wallace reported to those assembled that the National Capital Planning Commission had rejected the site which the Fraternity had proposed. However, he said, the Project Team would make another presentation at the Commission's meeting later that month and that a formidable array of distinguished personalities, some of whom he was not at liberty to identify, would accompany them to the meeting. The gloom that hung over the effort since the spring of 1999 lifted on December 2, 1999. The National Capital Planning Commission approved the site of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial on the Washington Mall.

Brother Sealey, who was and is in poor health, checked himself out of a local Washington, D.C. hospital on September 13,2000 to attend the awards ceremony where the winning design was unveiled. His idea, and our dream, of a Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial on the Washington Mall have reached a significant milestone.

Those us who look at things from a historical perspective tend to see Brothers Sealey and Bailey as symbols of the generation of men initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity immediately after World War II, and — our presumptuousness be pardoned, helped to take it to its greatest heights.

Brother George Sealeyfleft), Congresswoman Constance Morella & Broth MEMORIAL EDITION

10% Execution The Winning Formula implemented by Brother John H. Carter: Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C. National Memorial Project Manager

By Brother RobertL Harris, Jr., Ph.D. M

! rother John H. Carter, for.mer Vice-President for 'Corporate Resources at BellSouth, was persuaded by 30th General President Adrian Wallace to become Project Manager for the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C. National Memorial. At BellSouth, Brother Carter was responsible for 14 lines of business spanning nine states and therefore, initially declined to Brother Robert L. Harris, Jr, Ph.D. take on the responsibility. He had facilitated the development of the current Fraternity's Standing Orders for its intake process and planned to work for about six more years before retiring to play golf.

On the third call from General President Wallace, Brother Carter relented and agreed to discuss the idea with his supervisor at BellSouth. The Washington Post had recently featured an article on Congressional enactment of Public Law 104-333 that authorized the Secretary of the Interior to permit Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. to establish a memorial in Washington, D.C. to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who had joined the Fraternity in 1952 while a doctoral student in theology at Boston University.

BellSouth Corporation prided itself on its five core values, i.e. community mindedness, customer first, respect for the individual, positive response to change and the pursuit of excellence. The telecommunications company became the first corporate sponsor of the project as BellSouth placed its resources at Brother Carter's disposal to take on a leadership position as Project Manager.

BellSouth subsequently created, housed and managed the web site for the project under the direction of Brother Nat Harris, a Director with the company.

E

Brothers Al Bailey and George Sealey, Jr. had shepherded the

project through its early stages in securing Congressional legislation to build a memorial in the nation's capital. But that legislation was only a first step as they wanted a memorial in a prominent location on the Mall, which housed the presidential monuments.

With its commitment to community mindedness, BellSouth provided staff and travel support for Brother Carter to help the project achieve its objectives.

Brother Carter held a strategic planning session with General President Wallace to discuss the goals of the project, its scope and personnel. Brother Carter saw his role as a catalyst to get the best out of the Project Team. He also wanted to challenge them to dig deeper, making sure the project moved in the direction of accomplishing its goals in a timely, efficient and effective manner. The mantra Brother Carter placed on the board at the project team's first meeting, was: "90% Planning and 10% Execution." He reminds the project team of this mantra at every meeting. Brother Carter firmly believes that if we plan well, we can achieve our goals with ease.

At the project team's first meeting in March of 1997, Brother Carter led the team in outlining the process for moving the project forward. The team quickly recognized the need to communicate early and often with the King family in order to secure and retain their support for the project. They also prepared for the objective of securing a prominent site for the Memorial in Area I on the Mall.

This site required further Congressional legislation. Moreover, there was a need for funding to sustain the project.

Brother Carter purchased a computer program package to manage action items for the project, to assign responsibility for each item and to develop a time line for completion. The action items would be reviewed at each project team meeting, whether by conference call or in person, until complete. The project team has generally held monthly meetings to review progress. Brother Carter's method of management by objectives has kept the project team accountable for its assignments and has moved the project forward.

90% Planning 10% Execution continued For approximately five months, BellSouth became the headquarters for this project; manned by Brother Carter and his secretary at BellSouth, Glenda Gates. Later, Gabriella Neal was hired as Project Coordinator with a small office in the Fraternity's National Headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C. National Memorial Project started literally on a shoestring and the faith of Brothers in Alpha. It relied primarily on volunteers to get the project off the ground, unlike the Department of Defense Memorials such as the World War II, Vietnam and Korean War, which had generous start-up support.

The Martin Luther King Washington, D.C. National Memorial has depended on contributions from the Fraternity to move the project from an idea to a reality. Because of its significance to Brothers in Alpha, the internal fundraising campaign initially headed by Brother Huel Perkins developed a program that asked each Alpha Alumni Brother to make a $152.00 donation; each College Brother to make a $52.00 donation; each Alumni Chapter to make a $1,552.00 donation and each College Chapter to make a $552.00 donation. In exchange, each donor would be given a custom designed Georgia Marble Brick for their support of the project.

The first piece of Congressional legislation, Public Law 104333, provided authority to build a memorial without identifying a specific location. Many experts speculated that it would take four to six years to secure legislation for a location on the Mall, the most prominent site for a memorial. It had taken previous memorials in the area that long to receive site approval. With comprehensive planning, the legislation, Public Law 105-201, passed Congress within a year.

The Project Team secured benchmarking data on the building of other memorials in the nation's capital. Given the work required to gain approval from the National Park Service, the Capital Planning Commission, the Commission on Fine Arts and the National Capital Memorial Commission for a specific site on the Mall, the project needed an Executive Director. Brother Hebrew Dixon, a member of the project team, recommended Bill Van Asselt, a recent Phi Beta Kappa graduate from the University of Missouri whose wife was fulfilling a teaching obligation in the area. Van Asselt became Executive Director in March of 1998.

Although other sites were recommended, the Project Team through its representatives Bill Van Asselt, Brothers John H. Carter and Brother Dr. Edward Jackson, Jr. (Director of Research at the American Institute of Architects in Washington, D.C.) sought a West Potomac/Tidal Basin site on an axis between the memorials to Presidents Lincoln and Jefferson and near President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Memorial. They prepared a thorough evaluation of potential sites and provided eloquent testimony to the various commissions. While approved by the other two commissions,

MEMORIAL EDITION

the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) rejected the Tidal Basin site twice.

Determined that this was the most prestigious available site on the Mall, the Project Team refused to take no for an answer on this site. The Project Team did extensive research on the issues raised by the NCPC and brought in experts in various fields to assist in developing a new strategy. In addition, the original sponsors of the Congressional Legislation that authorized a National Mall location were also contacted for their guidance. The offices of Senators John W. Warner (R-Virginia) and Paul S. Sarbanes (D-Maryland) and Representatives Constance A. Morella (R-Maryland) and Brother Julian Dixon (D-California) provided invaluable assistance. On December 2, 1999, the NCPC approved a four-acre site along the Tidal Basin for the Martin Luther King. Jr. Washington, D.C. National Memorial. Again, 90% planning and 10% execution paid off for the project.

In April, 1999, Brother Carter retired from BellSouth after 27 years of service. He discussed this decision with his wife Susan and his commitment to the project, but she let him know that she did not plan to become the project secretary after Brother Carter relinquished support from BellSouth. He could have lobbied BellSouth to become a loan executive from the company but decided it would be better if he retired outright and devoted his full-time efforts to the project. Brother Carter realized that some things in life are more important than title and money. He took to heart former General President Ozell Sutton's admonition that what's between the dashes at the end of life is what is important. He strongly feels it is important to ask yourself the question "What have you done with your life to help others?"

Despite her protests, Susan Carter has also retired from her position as Personnel Manager for Federated Stores, and is the unofficial secretary for the Atlanta office of the King National Memorial Project. They are both working longer hours as volunteers than in their previous professional positions. Brother Carter has often had to serve as both Project Manager and Executive Director and has had to commute between Atlanta and Washington, D.C, losing time on the golf course. He has turned a bedroom in his home into an office for the project. He and Susan have rendered invaluable service to the project and are both part of "history in the making."

Brother John H. Carter Susan Gibson Carter

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MEMORIAL: F^ir^KI rOAAPFTITIDM

By Brother Joseph T. Durham, Ed.D.

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he nation's capital abounds in monuments. The quiet dignity of the city's many monuments and memorials masks the intricate details of site selection and design competition involved in getting a monument approved.

The idea of establishing a monument to the memory of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was initially embodied in a resolution considered by the Alpha Phi Alpha General Convention of 1968. In 1984, the Fraternity's Board of Directors formally adopted a proposal that was officially endorsed by the General Convention meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, the following year in 1985. In 1996, the Fraternity was authorized by President Bill Clinton and the 104th Congress to raise funds to construct a memorial honoring the slain civil rights leader.

In addition to raising funds, getting the proposed monument to successful completion involves a number of detailed steps.

Because the Memorial to Dr. King was to be erected on federal property, a number of approvals from governmental agencies had to be obtained. Among these are the Capital Memorial Commission, the Fine Arts Commission and the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC). Negotiations with this varied assortment of organizations and commissions was difficult, to say the least. However, due to the persistence and dogged determination of the King Memorial Project staff, approval was secured from

the NCPC for the establishment of a site in the Tidal Basin for the King Memorial.

Parallel to the negotiations regarding the site selection and approval, activity regarding the design of the King Memorial was also proceeding. As early as 1997, Brother Dr. Ed Jackson of the American Institute of Architects (AlA) had been asked by Alpha Phi Alpha General President Adrian Wallace to chair a design committee. Dr. Jackson accepted, provided that he would be guaranteed full support and professional freedom in the management of the process. President Wallace gave Dr. Jackson this assurance. Dr. Jackson then began to assemble a Design Committee, a team of experts composed of artists, architects, landscape architects, students, real estate professionals and a museum curator. This group worked for approximately two years and developed a "Program Statement," which embodied the criteria for the design such as physical context and site conditions as well as the philosophy behind the idea of "The Man, The Movement and The Message." At the end of two arduous years of work, the Design Committee developed ten 20 x 42" panels that gave graphic representation of the design concept.

With the design concept complete, attention was then turned to announcing the design competition. When the call went out for the submission of design proposals, the response was overwhelming. Over 900 submissions were received from architects, landscape architects, students, sculptors and professors. Entries were received from more than 32 countries. The number of design submissions was so great that the Jury of design assessors, headed by Brother Dr. Jackson, had to use the MCI Center in downtown Washington to house the designs and to facilitate the Jury's work.

The roster of design assessors assembled by Dr. Jackson reads like a "Who's Who" in the field of architectural design. The 11-person jury was international in its membership with four members coming from India, Mexico, Switzerland and China. The Jury also included two women.

THE SPHINX" WINTER 2000

MLK MEMBERS OF THE JURY: Brother Dr. Ed Jackson, Jr., Chairman of the Jury and Chairman of the Design Committee. As a member of the AlA and director of its Professional Practice Division, Dr. Jackson has worked on many projects in the United States and abroad in the United Kingdom, the former Republic of West Germany, The Netherlands and the Republic of Korea. Dr. Jackson, who holds degrees in architecture from the University of Michigan and the University of Illinois, has been involved in numerous consultancies and in academia as well.

Professor James Chaffers of the University of Michigan is a graduate of Southern University and received a doctorate in architecture from the University of Michigan. He has done postdoctoral work at the Terman Engineering Center at Stanford University.

Professor Chaffers is both an academic and a practitioner. He has directed the Ph.D. program in architecture at the University of Michigan and is the author of a forthcoming textbook focusing on design issues. He has also founded two inner-city design centers and at one time headed the Villa Corsi-Salviati Design Studio of Florence, Italy.

Charles Correa of Bombay, India, designed a memorial to Mohandhas Gandhi and is in private architectural practice in India. He studied at the University of Michigan. Most of his work has been in India, but he has lectured widely. In 1974, he delivered the Sir Bannister Fletcher Lecture at the University of London and the Cubbitt Lecture to the Royal Society of Arts in 1983. Professor Correa's writings have concentrated on architectural and planning issues in the Third World.

Randolph Hester, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning at the University of California, Berkeley, is currently working at the National Taiwan University with colleagues to create a new fishing village. As an author of note, Hester has written three books on aspects of planning and space utilization. He was selected in 1998 as the "Alumnus of the Year" at North Carolina State University School of Design. Among his many honors are the CELA Outstanding Educator Award and the EDRA Career Award. Hester holds degrees from Harvard University and North Carolina State University.

William R. Lawson is a Howard University graduate, a registered architect and Deputy Regional Administrator of the Northeast and Caribbean region of the General Services Administration of the federal government. He coordinated the site development of the African Burial Ground project in New York City. The AlA and the MEMORIAL EDITION

continued:

General Services Administration have honored Lawson for his work. He is extensively involved in many professional, community and civic organizations, including the Washington area Council of Governments and the Society of American Military Engineers.

L Ricardo Legoretta is the principal of Legoretta Arguitectos in Mexico City, Mexico. He has lectured in many universities in Mexico, Canada, Spain, Japan, Argentina, France, Uruguay, Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, England, Austria and Israel as well as in more than 30 United States universities. Mr. Legoretta received the 2000 Gold Medal from the AlA and is an honorary member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. His memberships include the Society for Environmental Graphic Design, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Pritzker Prize Award Jury. ig of China has made significant contributions to the development of architecture and urban planning in China and has received numerous awards in recognition of his more than 50 years of outstanding work. He is a member of both the Chinese Academia Sinica and the Chinese Academia of Engineering. He co-founded the Department of Architecture at Tsinghua University and its Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies. Later, he founded the Center for Human Settlements and has served as director of both Institutes. He also established professional bodies such as the Chinese Architectural Society, the Urban Planning Society of China and the Chinese Society for Urban Studies and has served either as president or vice president of these organizations. Professor Liangyong has written about his theories of planning and design in a series of publications, including "Towards a New Century: Wu Liangyong's Selected Essays on Urban Studies, 1987â&#x20AC;&#x201D;1996." His literary output numbers more than 100 publications and treatises.

Professor Jon Lockhard, artist, educator and the illustrator of the book Ebony Sea, teaches at the Center for Afro-American and African Studies at the University of Michigan and the Washtenaw Community College in Ann Arbor. As an artist, Lockhard has exhibits in private collections and museums throughout the country. He exhibits biannually at the National Black Arts Festival in Atlanta, Georgia, and is a past President of the National Conference of Artists. Currently, he is a member of its Board of Directors. He draws inspiration from his study of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, the writings and philosophy of Gandhi and the Lost and Found Nation of Islam.

Lockhard has traveled throughout Africa and the African Diaspora.

Ki

MLK Dr. Suha Ozhan, a native of Turkey, studied architecture at the Middle East Technical University and theory of design at the Architectural Association in London, England. Ozhan has done extensive research in the theory and history of architecture, design and housing and has published in these fields. He has taught architectural design and design theory and served as associate dean of the faculty of architecture at the Middle East Technical University. Additionally, he has lectured in North America, Europe, Central America, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. He has participated in many design and architectural competitions and served as an external examiner for diploma and doctoral assessments at various universities, including the University of Paris.

Professor Ozhan has received the Aga Khan Award for architecture and has organized two international competitions for the revitalization of Samarkind and for the new Museum of Islamic Arts in Doha, Qatar.

Karen A. Phillips, President and CEO of the Abyssinian Development Corporation, has led the organization in the creation of over 600 rental units, 130 houses for ownership, a huge shopping center, a Head Start Center for 100 children and a shelter facility for homeless families in transition. Phillips is extensively involved in the community of New York. She was listed by Cram's New York Business as one of the 100 most influential business leaders in New York City. She is a vice president of the Parks Council, a board member of the Manhattan Council of Boy Scouts of America, a trustee of the New York State Preservation League, a board member of the Association of Real Estate Women's Charitable Trust and a member of the Chase Manhattan Community Advisory Board. She has also been honored by the New York Women's Foundation and the University of Georgia as a Distinguished Alumna. Phillips is a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and a member of the Editorial Publishing Advisory Committee of Landscape Architecture.

Professor LaVerne Wells-Brown, a faculty member of Florida A&M University, is its representative on the Washington/Alexandria Architecture Center (WAAC) Consortium.

Wells-Brown had the responsibility of assisting with the oversight of the competition packet and final design program. She completed her graduate work in architecture at the University of California, Berkeley, and has received post-graduate honors and grants from the National Endowment of the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Fulbright Program. She has also been a McKnight Fellow. Her post-graduate studies were done at the University of Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam and the American University in Cairo, Egypt. She has also been recognized for her excellence in teaching and for her work in highlighting the interrelationships among art, architecture and sociocultural contexts. Her memberships include the Landmarks Preservation Advisory Board for the City of Oakland (California), the Florida National Review Board of the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Executive Board of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture.

This star-studded panel began its work of assessing design proposals in May 2000. The task of judging 900 entries was formidable. By the end of the third day, the panel had assessed all but 23 of the total entries. These remaining entries were of such high quality that the jury could not achieve closure on them. It, therefore, decided to award "Honorable Mention" to all entries not included in the final 23 and awarded each of them $1,000. The final 23 competitors were asked to submit an additional design board and a deadline in August of 2000 was established. The Jury returned in August to view the final submissions. The ROMA Design Group of San Francisco, California, was judged the winner.

The competition was tough and the jury worked arduously.

When their job was done, another hurdle in the process of establishing the MLK Memorial Project had been cleared.

THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

MLK DESIGN CONTEST P

lans for the Martin Luther King Jr. National Memorial have moved through several phases for the past decade and a half. At the dawning of the 21st century, the reality of its construction is clearer than ever. On September 13, 2000, at the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel in Washington, D.C., the Memorial Planning Committee completed its selection processâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a painstaking, arduous task that challenged committee members to select a company that would produce a plan worthy of saluting arguably the man most responsible for the civil rights struggle of the 1950's and 1960's.

The Committee whittled its way to a final choice after viewing more than 900 entries from architects, landscape architects, students, sculptors and professors from 32 countries. The ROMA Design Group of San Francisco, California rose above a star-studded pack to produce the winning entry.

"When members of Alpha Phi Alpha sat around [Brother] George Sealey's kitchen table 15 years ago and dreamed of building a memorial, they knew it would not be an easy task. In fact they didn't want it to be easy. Because it must be laced with the struggle, that makes the victory all the more sweet. But just like Dr. King, we kept our eyes on the prize. And tonight, we come to honor this Twentieth Century visionary, a man who by today's standards would be worth millions, yet in his lifetime Dr. Martin Luther King never accumulated any wealth. He was a giver; he gave to us a legacy of non-violence and peace. He gave to us a vision of a better day. He gave to us the knowledge that each and every one of us has self-worth and value." Mrs. Coretta Scott King expressed her gratitude to all of the contestants vying for the prestigious task of designing the Memorial.

"We are pleased to be a part of a natural alliance between the physical memorial here in and Bonnie Fisher Washington, D.C. and the living spiritual memo"Some of the key aspects of what we were rial of the King Center in Atlanta. I want to express my appreciation trying to create with the design is to create a place that would be to all of those who cared enough to submit designs for this memoattractive to all people and that would allow them to experience the rial. The outpouring of love and respect for my husband representvery important movement that the civil rights movement was," said ed in these designs has been truly inspiring. And I salute all of the Boris Dramov, head of the ROMA design team. "We wanted to posiartists for all of their commitment and caring, as well as their artistion it in such a way that it would really place Dr. King in the right tic skills." context of the other Democratic leaders of our nation and give us a proper honoring for the man, the movement and the message."

On June 22,1998, the United States House of Representatives The Memorial will be constructed on a four-acre site on the Tidal Basin, built in a sight-of-line between the Lincoln and Jefferson Memorials. Brother King's Memorial will be the first site on the Mall to commemorate an individual African-American and the last memorial erected on the Mall.

General President Adrian Wallace reflected in his address to the hundreds assembled for the ceremony the struggle that made the selection process worthwhile.

MEMORIAL EDITION

passed Joint Resolution 113, authorizing the Fraternity to establish a foundation to manage the fundraising and design of the memorial. The Senate followed, passing Joint Resolution 41 on June 25, 1998. On July 1998, United States President Bill Clinton signed a Joint Congressional Resolution authorizing the Memorial to be built on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. On December 2,1999, the Foundation received the final go-ahead when the National Capital Planning Commission approved a site on the Mall for the Memorial adjacent to the Tidal Basin.

25

Meet the Martin Luther Ring, Jr. Memorial Project Team

Standing left to right: Melvin While. Robert Harm, Clinton Jones. Kerin Jenkins. Nathaniel Harris. EdwardJackso' George Reaves. lohn Carter Vic Carter Hebrew Dixon, Tyrone Means and Fnti

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Brother Dr. John H.Carter /'resident and Project Manager Corporate Resouro Retired. BellSouth Corporation Atlanta, Georgia Brother Dr. Huel Perkins .Assistant Project Manager Executive Assistant to Chancellor Louisiana State University (retired) Baton Rouge, Louisiana Patricia Donald External Fundraising Vice President - Consumer Marketing (Retired) BellSouth Corporation Atlanta. Georgia Brother Melvin White Internal Fundraising Partner McDermott, Will & Emery Washington, D.C. Brother Dr. Ed Jackson, Jr. Architectural/Design Director of Research American Institute ofArchitects Washington, D.C. Nat Harris Technology Consultant Director, BellSouth Corporation Atlanta, Georgia Brother Vic Carter Chair - Media/Public Relations News Anchor CBS News WJZ-TV Baltimore, Maryland

• Brother Tyrone Means Legal Con Attorney and Counselor at Law Thomas. Means 6 Cillis, P.C. Montgomery, Alabama • Brother George Sealey Governmental Liaison Retired Washington, D.C. • Brother Frank Jenkins Budget and Finance Managing Director Jenkins and Jenkins. Inc. Montgomery, Alabama • Brother George Reaves Treasurer Vice President BankOne Chicago, Illinois • Brother Kevin Jenkins Recorder Founder E-VERBS.COM Los Angles, California • Brother Hebrew Dixon Advisor Administrative Manager, International Aviation Consultants, LLC (HJ Russell and Company) Atlanta, Georgia • Brother Dr. Robert Harris, Jr. National Historian Vice Provostfor Diversity and Faculty Development Cornell University Ithaca, New York

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• Tricia Harris King Center Liaison IIPM Liaison Executive Director The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change, Atlanta, Georgia • Brother Ozell Sutton Advisor Regional Director—Civil Rights.

U. S. Department of Justice Atlanta, Georgia • Brother Clint C. Jones Legislative Liaison Washington, D.C. • Brother Adrian L. Wallace General President Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Inc. Lake Charles, Louisiana • Brother Harry E. Johnson, Esq. General President-elect Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Houston, Texas • Brother Al Bailey Governmental Liaison (Retired) Silver Spring, Maryland

THESPHINT

WINTER 2000

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rothers Alfred Bailey and George Sealey of Iota Upsilon Lambda Chapter, Silver Spring, Maryland, conceived the idea of a memorial to our dear slain Brother, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., in 1983. On November 12, 1996, after much work by Brothers Bailey and Sealey and, with the bipartisan assistance of many of our friends in Congress, President Bill Clinton signed legislation authorizing Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. to raise funds to construct a memorial to Brother King. In July 1997 at the General Convention in Washington, D.C., General President Adrian L. Wallace unveiled the Project to the Brotherhood and with his oftrepeated charge of "Failure is not an Option," challenged the men of Alpha Phi Alpha to make the Project a reality.

The Washington, D.C. Convention also heralded the kickoff of the Fraternity's Internal Fundraising campaign. Every Brother and every Chapter was requested to make minimum annual donations at the following levels: College Brothers $52.00, College Chapters $552.00, Alumni Brothers $152.00 and Alumni Chapters $1552.00. At this early stage, the fledgling project was still very much a "concept." There was no foundation, office, administrative staff, site or design. Most importantly, there was no money for any of the foregoing.

I became involved in the internal fundraising effort in the spring of 1998 when Brother Samuel G. Wilson, then the Eastern Region Vice President, asked me to represent the Eastern Region on the Internal Fundraising Committee. In July of 1999,1 had the honor of being asked by Brother Wallace to lead the Internal Fundraising Committee. I believe that the King Memorial Project is, without doubt, one of the most important projects ever to be undertaken by our great Fraternity.

I humbly accepted Brother Wallace's offer, not because I am a great fundraiser, but rather because I knew that my Brothers in Alpha would rally around this great cause and would not hesitate to open their hearts as well as their wallets to make the King Memorial a reality. The Brotherhood has confirmed my belief in a major way. To date, cash donations from Brothers have been the sole source of funding for the King Memorial. Thanks to you, Brothers. In the three short years since the Washington, D.C.

B

MEMORIAL EDITION

Convention, we have been able to: *

Raise approximately $1.25 million.

Brothers of the Fraternity.

*

Establish an office for the King Memorial Foundation a prominent address in Washington, D.C.

*

Assemble a paid professional staff to administer the of the Foundation.

*

Retain the professional fund-raising services of The Alford Group.

*

Retain the professional public relations s Manning, Selvage and Lee.

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Secure a prime location in Area I of the Natii ii for the Memorial.

*

Complete a record setting international design con with the unveiling of a breath-taking ii

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Ready ourselves for: The effort to get the design approved, tl external fundraising effort; and construction of the

undraisin, E((ort continuet

Achieving each of these important goals has been extremely significant for the Project. However, the site selection process and the design competition deserve special mention because those activities required a constant and significant source of funds. The site for the Memorial is a prime location on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. in what is known as "Area I" of the Mall. This space previously has been reserved for Memorials to Presidents. Now, thanks to you Brothers, a descendent of slaves will be honored next to some of our nation's founders and some of its greatest leaders. Not only have we successfully secured a premier location for the King Memorial, but the site we have is the last site in prestigious Area I that will be used for a memorial. Future memorials must be located in other areas in Washington. Thanks to you Brothers, Brother King will be honored in an area routinely visited by many of the millions of people from all over the world who travel to our Nation's Capital, rather than in an obscure area of Washington, unknown to the masses.

In addition to giving us the funding necessary to secure the excellent location that we have for the Memorial, the funds donated by the Brotherhood also have allowed us to stage an international design competition for the King Memorial that has set a record for entries. A very distinguished international panel of judges from the architectural design community was assembled to judge the entries, which came from all over the world. The design competition culminated on September 13,2000, with the unveiling of the breathtaking design by ROMA Design Group at an elegant ceremony at the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel in Washington, D.C. Both the site selection and the design competition put the Project and Alpha Phi Alpha on the front page of newspapers around the world. While not necessarily public knowledge, the other goals we have achieved are no less important to the success of the Project. Specifically, with respect to fundraising, the Afford Group brings to the table a wealth of experience and success in consulting with respect to philanthropic fundraising. The Alford Group is assisting us on two fronts. First, they are helping us to better establish and to maximize our internal fundraising effort. Many of you may have heard about, or participated in, the focus group discussions the Alford Group conducted at the Fraternity's regional conventions during the spring of 2000. These discussions have helped to provide crucial information to assist us in overhauling our internal fundraising effort to assist us in reaching our internal goal of $10 million. Further, the Alford Group will assist us in assuring that the external fundraising effort will bring in the remainder of the funds needed to complete the Memorial.

Selvage and Lee, working with Brother Vic Carter, the Project's Public Relations Chair, has done a superb job of bringing favorable media coverage to our efforts. Finally, the Project office and the administrative staff housed there, provide crucial day-to-day management of the immense and growing Project apparatus.

The funds contributed by the Brotherhood have made all of the foregoing possible. By anyone's estimation, the result of our effort has been nothing short of remarkable. In fact, people in the know have said that the King Memorial effort has advanced much more quickly than other memorial projects of a similar nature. The years of delays and acrimony surrounding the proposed World War II Memorial bears witness to this statement.

We deserve to feel proud of the success we have brought about. At the 1997 Washington, D.C. National Convention, when the Project's recent achievements seemed eons away, General President Wallace asked us to donate to this effort and to have faith that the Memorial would be built. Typically, when donors are asked to give to a project of this nature, there is already a site, a design and an estimate of the cost of the project. In 1997, we had none of these things. Nevertheless, the Brotherhood was asked to step out on faith and to donate the seed money critical to getting the Project to the point where we could go outside the family of Alphamen and seek contributions from the public at-large, including large corporations and philanthropic foundations. Thanks to the outpouring of donations from the men of Alpha, that day is fast approaching.

Indeed, as you may have seen at the Millennium Convention in Atlanta this past summer, corporate America is beginning to line up to make their donations to this effort.

Despite our recent success, we must not blind ourselves to the crucial effort that lies ahead. Much work remains to be done as we commence the work to get the design approved, complete fundraising and actually construct the Memorial. Alpha Phi Alpha must continue to lead and direct this process, including the fundraising effort. While donations from the outside world no doubt will play a significant role, charity, Brothers, begins at home.

As we begin to ask others to donate to this great cause, we must be able to demonstrate that Alpha Phi Alpha is doing its part. This, Brothers, is why it is so important for Chapters and Brothers to continue to make annual donations. ^^ Consistent with this goal, the Internal Fundraising Committee has adopted as its Mission Statement "Lead In Raising Funds From The Fraternity Membership." The Committee is made up of the following Brothers:

In a project of this nature, the public relations front is every bit as crucial as fundraising. Obviously, our public perception will play a role in whether, and how much, organizations and individuals are willing to give. Our public relations firm, Manning, THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

Brother Erik A. Cliette Eastern Region Chair

Brother John Jordan Southern Region Chair

^ ^ ^ ^

Brother Ron James Southwestern Region Chair

Brother Innocent Okolo Midwestern Region Chair

Brother Frank Russell, Jr. Western Region Chair

Brother Melvin White Overall Internal Chair

In addition to the central Committee, each District and Chapter should have a Brother in charge of the fundraising effort. If you are not aware of the identity of your Chapter representative, contact your Chapter President. If you are not aware of the identity of your District representative, contact your District Director. If you are a Chapter or District representative for the Project and you have not been in touch with your Regional Chair, please contact him today.

In order to ensure success, we must have an organization in place down to the Chapter level that will allow for the dissemination of critical information. The Project website: www.mlkmemorial.org can always be consulted for information.

The Internal Committee's general objectives are as follows: (1) raise immediate dollars from the Chapters and Brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha; (2) institute fundraising policies; (3) regulate fundraising activities; (4) educate the Brotherhood about the Project; (5) raise the level of enthusiasm about the Project among Brothers; and (6) as we raise funds among Brothers, seek to reclaim inactive Brothers.

The minimum internal fundraising goal is $10 million, broken down by region as follows: Eastern - $2.5 million; Southern - $ 3.5 million; Midwestern $2.5 million; Southwestern - $2.5 mil-

lion and Western - $1 million. In terms of total dollars raised by region, the Midwestern Region leads by a very large margin, followed by the Eastern, Southern, Western and Southwestern Regions respectively.

Clearly, the Midwestern Region has set a high standard for other regions to achieve. If I know Alphamen like I believe that I know them, I am certain the Brothers of the Eastern, Southern, Western and Southwestern Regions will rise to the occasion to challenge the Midwestern Region for fundraising supremacy. Much of the framework for success is already in place. Each Chapter and Brother already knows the required minimum annual contribution (College Brothers $52.00; College Chapters $552.00; Alumni Brothers $152.00; Alumni Chapters $1552.00). Donations can be made at the website (www.mlkmemorial.org), through your Chapter, District or Regional representatives, or at District, Regional and General Conventions.

Chapter fundraising guidelines were issued in February 1999 and mailed to every Chapter. If you do not have your guidelines, please contact your Chapter, District or Regional Representative. In addition to the foregoing, we will soon introduce a model fundraising program to assist Chapters in reaching and surpassing their fundraising goals.

Although the fruits of our labors directly impact every facet of the Memorial Project, the Internal Fundraising Committee's primary focus is and will continue to be, to raise funds to complete the Memorial. With your help, we have helped make General President Wallace's theme, "Failure is not an option," a reality. Now that failure has been placed in check, the only question is how big of a "success" do we want to achieve. Because Alpha men do not know the meaning of a "little" success, I am confident that, with your continued assistance, we will succeed in a big way.

Remember $ 10 million is only a minimum goal. There is absolutely no ceiling on what we can achieve.

ow the Alpha Spirit: Pitch in the MLK Memorial Corporate Funding Effort Many corporations, law firms and institutions sponsor programs that match employee charitable giving to nonprofit organizations. We encourage Brothers to find out from their employers if gifts to the Washington B.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation are eligible for corporate matchingfunds. Many companies match 1:1. However, various law firms and corporations have policies of matching 2:1 or more.

Visit your employer's Human Resources Office or Corporate Giving Office to find out more about their matching gift program and to pick up the necessary form to send to the MLK Foundation Office with your contribution. Your gift to the MLK Memorial could be doubled or tripled.

MEMORIAL EBITION

L'Lic DtÂŁloLltL<S aLic TEc DcSIO #F Brother nomas D. Pawley, III

I THE DESIGNERS In September of 2000, The ROMA group an interdisciplinary organization of architects, landscape architects, and planners located in San Francisco, California, submitted the winning design for the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. National Memorial in the nation's capital. Over the past 20 years, ROMA, headed by Boris Dramov, has become well known for the excellence of its designs and its commitment to the improvement of urban areas. While most of ROMA' s staff were involved in some way in developing the plan, seven personsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;including the firm's president- were key members of the MLK Memorial National Team.

Mr. Dramov, the team leader for the project provided the overall conceptual direction and design leadership. An architect and an urban designer, he established the current interdisciplinary practice of the firm, which focuses on the transformation of the post-industrial city and the design of public spaces, including plazas, parks, promenades and streets.

A Loeb Fellow in Advanced Environmental Studies at Harvard University in 1980, Mr. Dramov received a Bachelor of Architecture from University of Southern California in 1966, and a Master of Architecture from Columbia University in 1970. He is a registered architect and a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He was featured in the PBS Special "Back from the Brink" in 1996 for his work in the design and planning for the revitalization of cities. Significant project experience includes the redevelopment of the Northeastern Waterfront in San Francisco.

He also led the design team for the transportation and open space improvements for the city's downtown waterfront in front of the landmark Ferry Building at the foot of Market Street. These improvements, which are just being completed, received the National American Institute of Architects Urban Design Award of Excellence for the year 2000.

Another notable project was the design of Santa Monica's Third Street Promenade, which is one of the most successful activity centers within the Los Angeles region. It was awarded the National AlA Urban Design Award of Excellence. Additional projects in Santa Monica include the preparation of the Downtown Urban Design Plan, the Civic Center Master Plan and a variety of public spaces and promenades within the Downtown and Civic Center.

Bonnie Fisher is the ROMA Design Group's Director of Landscape Architecture. She contributed significantly to the development of concepts related to the MLK Memorial Project, especial-

32

ly in verbally communicating these ideas in narrative form.

A registered landscape architect, Ms. Fisher earned a Bachelor of Arts (Cum Laude) from the University of California at Los Angeles and a Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design from the University of California at Berkeley. She also received further training at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Ms. Fisher is a founding board member of the Museum for Art and Technology at Yerba Buena Center (Zeum). She has also contributed numerous articles in professional journals related to planning and design. Currently, she is completing the design of a five-acre public park within a new neighborhood for the City of San Jose.

Jim Adams is the Director of Urban Design. Mr. Adams received his Bachelor of Architecture (with honors) from the University of Toronto in 1977, and his Masters of Urban Design (with distinction) from Harvard University in 1980. He is a registered architect and member of the American Institute of Architects.

Mr. Adams has special expertise in the revitalization of urban communities and focuses upon the need to preserve the unique characteristics of each community in a changing economic environment. He has led numerous projects involving major transportation facilities and their design and integration within the urban fabric to create sustainable, livable communities. Key projects include the reuse master plan for the Robert Mueller Municipal Airport in Austin, Texas, the Southern Pacific Railyards in Sacramento (which received a National AlA Urban Design Award), and the Midtown, Tasman, Bascom and Fruitvale transit oriented developments in the Santa Clara Valley. Currently, he is working on the development plan for the Uptown District of Houston, Texas.

Burton Miller is Director of Architecture for the ROMA Group. A specialist in the design of large scale mixed use projects, he has led numerous international multidisciplinary teams in the design of office, hotel, service apartment, residential and retail complexes throughout the United States and Asia. He made very significant contributions to the development of the site plan and overall design concepts for the MLK Memorial Project as well as the preparation of competition drawings.

Mr. Miller brings to the team his large-scale master planning experience and in-depth knowledge of a wide spectrum of building types. Significant project experience includes the design of the Makatai Greenbelt, Maryland mixed use complex in downtown Manila, the Philippines, the development of retail and streetscape THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

concepts for Orchard Road, the main shopping street in Singapore, the 1999 Winter Asian Games Sports Complex in Korea, the San Diego Ballpark District and the Mid-Embarcadero Transportation and Open Space Projects.

Mr. Miller received both his Bachelors and Masters of Architecture degrees from Cornell University. A registered architect, he is a member of the American Institute of Architects.

Robert Holloway is a graphic designer who contributed to the layout and composition of competition boards. Carl Baker built the three-dimensional model, which was effective in the design process as well as in the presentation of the concepts.

In addition to the ROMA staff, two important additional members of the Team were Christopher Grubbs and Dr. Clayborne Carson. Mr. Grubbs is a professional illustrator, who collaborates with ROMA Design Group on numerous projects, working closely with the firm in developing sketches and renderings that clearly depict the intended result of proposed design interventions.

He is known internationally for his architectural illustration work on projects such as the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., master plans for Shanghai, China, Hanoi and Saigon South Vietnam and the Public Domain of the 2000 Sydney, Australia Olympic site. His illustration and fine art work has been exhibited in Europe, Japan and throughout the United States, most notably at the Art Institute of Chicago, the California Palace of the Legion of Honor and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. A longtime San Francisco resident, he is celebrating his 25th year as an architectural illustrator and artist.

Dr. Clayborne Carson has taught at Stanford University since receiving his doctorate from UCLA in 1975. Now professor of history and director of the King Papers Project at Stanford, Dr. Carson has also been a visiting professor at American University, the University of California, Berkeley and Emory University and a Fellow at the Center for the Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. In 1985, Mrs. Coretta Scott King invited Dr. Carson to direct the project to edit and publish the papers of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. now being conducted by the Martin Luther King, Jr. Estate and Stanford University. For the MLK National Memorial, Dr. Carson served as Advisor, sharing his expert knowledge about the life and teachings of Dr. King and working with the team to brainstorm and develop key design concepts for "The Man, The Movement and The Message."

Dr. Carson's scholarly publications have focused on AfricanAmerican protest movements and political thought of the period after World War II. His writings have appeared in leading historical journals and numerous encyclopedias, as well as in popular periodicals. His books include the award winning "In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960's, a study of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (1981)" and "Malcolm X: the FBI File (1991)." Dr. Carson has also served as senior advisor for a 14-part award winning public television series on the civil rights movement entitled "Eyes on the Prize" and as co-editor of the Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader (1991). In addition, he served as on-screen contributor for "Freedom on My Mind", which was nominated for an Oscar in 1995, as well as for "Chicano!" (1996) and "Blacks and Jews" (1997).

MEMORIAL EDITION

THE DESIGneRS Him THE DCSIGII eonnnueo: n THE DESIGN The Site Conceived as an engaging landscape experience tied to other monuments, the Memorial will be constructed on a four-acre tract of land at the northwest point of the Tidal Basin on an axis about half way between the memorials to United States Presidents Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. This will create what is being described as "a visual line of leadership" from the site of King's T Have a Dream' speech. It will be located within a triangular configuration at the intersection of West Basin Drive and Independence Avenue. The recently constructed memorial to President Franklin Roosevelt is to the south closer to the Potomac River. Like the Roosevelt Memorial, "the design is less of a structure than a park" according to an Associated Press report, the difference being the King Memorial "embraces the large lake."

COMPOSITION AND SPACE This memorial is designed to appeal to all of the senses with diverse, repetitive and overlapping themes. An arching semi-circular walkway along the upper portion of a wall creates an array of spaces suitable for movement, viewing, sitting, meeting, speaking and congregating in large and small groups. Water creates different moods. Mists will help cool the environment in the warm summer months and textured stone will recall the movement of falling water in the cold winter months. The varied treatment and texture of water, stone and landscape will create an environment that is inviting and functional in all seasons from year to year.

Twenty-four niches along the upper walkway will commemorate the contribution of the many individuals who gave their lives in different ways to the civil rights movement â&#x20AC;&#x201D; from Medgar Evers to the four children murdered by a bomb blast at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.

A random number of these niches will be left open and incomplete, allowing additional ones to be dedicated later. These semicircular nave-like spaces are intended to be places for personal contemplation and quiet reflection and will be directly accessible from the upper walkway. Each space will be hewn from rock, with rough edges on the outside, and smooth stone on the inside recalling the line "rough places made plain." They will be designed to accommodate visitors to the Memorial throughout the day and evening and during each season of the year.

The niches create a processional experience punctuated by the pattern of light and shadow of the alternating trees. Each will share a common theme with water, seating and trees, yet each will be unique and distinctive, honoring the individual contribution of each civil rights martyr.

33

THE DesisneRS eoimnueD: aim T H E D G S I G I l rami LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS Natural elements—water, stone and trees—are used to underscore the themes of justice, democracy and hope. These overlap one another adding layers of meaning to be discovered by the visitor. Water is used throughout the Memorial to recall the theme of justice. It is used as an essential element that builds on King's words and on the crescendo effect of his sermons and speeches.

Water appears throughout the memorial, but in each location, a special character is created. Within the site, the source of the water comes from the multiple wellsprings in the individually crafted niches at the top of the landscape berm and adjacent to the path. Each of these will recount the contribution of a martyr to the movement and each will be unique to that individual. These wellsprings will be hewn out of stone ("rough on the outside, smooth on the inside") creating a contemplative environment for reflection.

Individual streams will flow out over the wall from the niches and form a part of the larger torrent cascading down a water wall. This wall, in turn, will be punctuated by turbulent water tumbling over textured surfaces and will contrast the large smooth surfaces of polished granite, inscribed with words chronologically arranged to recount the major freedom struggles of Dr. King's life.

Hewn stones with smooth surfaces ("every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain") are used throughout the Memorial to display the different ways Dr. King and other civil rights activists acted out their faith that the democratic ideals of the Founding Fathers (symbolized by the Jefferson Memorial) can be realized through struggle and sacrifice.

At the entry portal to the Memorial Plaza, two stones are parted and a single stone is pushed back, appearing as the missing piece of what was once a single boulder. The smooth and polished sides of each portal stone contrast the rough surfaces of the single boulder. On the one side, the theme of hope is presented, with the text from King's 1963 speech cut sharply into the stone: "With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope." On the other side are inscribed these words: "Let justice roll down like waters andrighteousnesslike a mighty stream."

In this way at the threshold of the Memorial Plaza, the themes of justice and hope are introduced and are juxtaposed with democratic ideals. The Jefferson Monument in the distance forcefully brings these ideals into visual focus across the Tidal Basin.

Within the Memorial quotes from Dr. King's sermons and speeches, arranged chronologically according to his life, will be inscribed in large-scale letters on the glistening, smooth surfaces of the water wall. These quotations will be reinforced through the referential use of water, stone and light as metaphorical elements that heighten an awareness of his words.

Beyond the portal, the single stone appears to have been wrested from the boulder and pushed forward within the frame of view of the Jefferson Memorial. On it, King's words are inscribed:

I

"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.

This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the 'unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness'... We refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of the nation."

Large, majestic trees—oaks, pines, magnolias and cherries —exhibit seasonal change and annual growth and offer opportunities for additional memorial spaces dedicated to other heroes of the struggle for social justice and non-violent social change. For most of the site, the trees are planted in random masses, the cherries at the edges of the Tidal Basin, the magnolias framing either side of the plaza space or marking the edges of the flanking streets.

At the top of the inclined plane, adjacent to the upper pathway, American oaks trace the curvature of form that embraces the site and bring into focus the central themes of democracy, justice and hope.

As one looks back to the water wall and the main space from the stone, the sculptured image of Dr. King will be seen gazing across the Tidal Basin to the Jefferson Memorial and pointing with a pencil back to his words in "The Promissory Note" as if having just written these words he is now standing vigil and awaiting delivery of the note. The sculpture is not conceived as a figurative depiction of Dr. King separate and distinct from the other elements but as an additional dimension and layer of meaning to the memorial as a whole. He will be seen as an integral part of the "Stone of Hope" positioned on the side of the stone facing the Jefferson Memorial and gradually revealed as part of the procession towards the Tidal Basin. This indirect view of the martyr and the incompleteness of his form are intended to make his spiritual presence more powerful. The designers hope this representation will stir the emotions and the imagination of the viewer.

The entire memorial is designed to invoke the memory and spiritual presence of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. through the visual experience of place, reinforced by sensory perception, the metaphorical use of water, stone and other landscape elements, the display of significant passages from his sermons and speeches and his image in the "Stone of Hope."

ENDNOTES *Unless otherwise specified, the content of this essay was abstractedfrom materials on the web site of the Martin Luther King. Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc. and in the artistic rendering of the Memorial entitled "The Man, The Movement, The Message."

THE SPHINX WINTER 2000

NTATION Of THE WINNING DESIGN A Statement by Mrs. Coretta Scott King on the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington, D.C. on September 13, 2000.

T

hank you Mr. Adrian Wallace, to Ambassador Andrew Young, to Mr. John Carter, Mr. Vic Carter, to Mr. Joel Horowitz, Mr. Tommy Hilfiger, to Mr. Guy Vickers, to all of the men of Alpha, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. I am deeply honored to be here to be a part of this unveiling of the design of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial. The King Center is pleased to be in partnership with the Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc., to bring this project to realization. Furthermore, we are pleased to be a part of a natural alliance between the physical memorial here in Washington, D.C. and the living spiritual memorial, the King Center, in Atlanta.

I want to express my appreciation to all of those who cared enough to submit designs for this memorial. The outpouring of love and respect for my husband represented in these designs has been truly inspiring. And I salute all of the artists for their commitment and caring as well as for their artistic skills. I congratulate the designers of the winning selection, the ROMA Design Group, for having submitted a uniquely beautiful and meaningful design of this historic monument.

I had an opportunity to get a private, I guess, sneak preview, before the presentation, and I must say that I really, really do like what you have done. And I do think if the committee decides to allow you to go forth with what you have conceptualized, that it will represent what we, the family, would like to see. And I also applaud you for having the good sense to choose Dr. Clayborne Carson to work with you on this, because as you know he is, in our opinion, the authentic scholar on Martin Luther King, Jr. today. He edits the Martin Luther King Papers Project, which is a 14-volume collection of Martin's written works. And if I might be a little bit selfish here, maybe self-serving, to congratulate myself for having chosen him as the senior editor of this project.

MEMORIAL EDITION

It is no easy task to design a memorial that will be both, that would do both, justice to America's preeminent leader of the non-violent protest for social reform, and also fit in among the nation's most important monuments. I commend you for your outstanding work, which so eloquently honors the spirit and contributions of Martin Luther King, Jr. The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial will not only honor a great American patriot who made our democracy stronger and more inclusive, it will also provide a permanent, symbolic reminder that we can contribute to make America better through our ongoing commitment to the non-violent philosophy and strategy that empowered Martin's leadership. This beautiful memorial, together with the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday will inspire future generations to embrace his teachings and find new and creative ways to apply them in the quest to fulfill his dream of a nation united in justice, peace, sisterhood and brotherhood.

I thank my husband's Fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha, which led the 15-year effort to bring this memorial to this point, and who pledged to carry it to full fruition and all those who contributed to this historic project. I also want to thank President Clinton and Vice President Gore and all the members of Congress who supported the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Project. And I want to thank our friends Mr. Joel Horowitz and Mr. Tommy Hilfiger and Mr. Guy Vickers and the Tommy Hilfiger Foundation for what you are doing to help bring this to the realization that it must be. As we proceed with the construction of the Memorial, I hope all Americans who count themselves as followers of Martin Luther King, Jr. will support this effort, which will bring us yet another step closer to the fulfillment of his dream. Thank you.

35

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atalysts for Congressional Authorization of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial

By Dr. Brother Robert L. Harris Jr.

Congresswoman Constance A. Morella (R-Maryland) and the late Congressman Brother Julian C. Dixon (D-California) were the main sponsors of the U.S. House of Representatives' resolution to grant authority to Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. to establish a memorial to Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a site located in Area I of the nation's capital.

In introducing the resolution on June 22, 1998, Congresswoman Morella acknowledged the vision of Brothers George Sealey and Al Bailey to create a memorial that will serve as an inspiration to residents of the area and visitors to Washington, D.C. Public Law 104-333, signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 12,1996, authorized Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. to build a memorial to Dr. King through private contributions. No public funds can be used to design, install, construct or maintain the Memorial. That law only provided for building a memorial in the nation's capital. It did not endorse a site on the Mall in Area I that the new legislation supported.

Congresswoman Morella affirmed "No American has embodied more genuinely the spirit of unity and cooperation which is so desperately needed in order to address effectively the social and economic problems which plague our nation, than Dr. King." She applauded the Fraternity's interest in building a memorial that "will assist in passing Dr. King's message from generation to generation." It will be a place of hope for all Americans to contemplate Dr. King's message of constructive change through non-violence.

Congresswomen Linda Smith (R-Washington) and Carrie P. Meek (D-Florida), Delegate Eni F. H. Faleomavaega (D-American Samoa), and Congressmen Brothers Julian C. Dixon (D-California) and Danny K. Davis (D-Illinois) joined Congresswoman Morella in urging the House of Representatives to pass the resolution.

Congressman Brother Dixon indicated his pride in being a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity and commended his "Fraternity Brothers for their good work on this effort and the progress they have made." He concluded, "Dr. King's legacy enriches American

civil and political life and captures the heart, mind and soul of America."

Congressman Brother Davis informed the House that he stood as a proud member of Alpha Phi Alpha in support of the resolution.

He remarked; "I have never felt more proud of the organization of which I am a life member than when it made the decision that in honor of one of its members, in honor of one of the greatest leaders that our nation, or any nation, has ever seen, in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., it would establish a [memorial]."

In the Senate, Senators John W. Warner (R-Virginia) and Paul S. Sarbanes (D-Maryland) sponsored the resolution approving a site in Area I for the King Memorial. Senator Warner reminded his colleagues "Dr. King's message of non-violence and freedom for all should be passed from generation to generation. A memorial in his name will be effective in helping us reach this important goal."

Senator Warner informed the Senate that he was present on August 28, 1963 when Dr. King delivered his "I Have A Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial and that he witnessed "the long line of marchers coming to and from that historic event." He concluded that he was deeply moved in playing a modest role in helping to establish a memorial to an "American of extraordinary accomplishment."

Senator Sarbanes remarked that Dr. King "sought to make the nation live up to its ideals. But he was committed to doing it in a non-violent way." Senator Sarbanes, too, was present for the March on Washington and Dr. King's riveting speech that "had a tremendous impact on American society then and continues to have a tremendous impact." He indicated that he looked forward to a time in the not too distant future to a ground breaking and dedication of the Memorial.

In a bi-partisan spirit with enthusiastic support from both Republicans and Democrats, Congress approved Public Law 105201 on July 16, 1998 to locate a memorial to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. within Area I of the nation's capital.

THE SPHINX速 WINTER 2000

By Brother Vic Carter

The M i l Hem The HLK He The HLK He The HLK Me?

IION HON

December 4, 2000 here was the expected chill of a December morning in the air.

A light breeze wafted across the Tidal Basin. However, there was a warm kindred spirit as the men of Alpha Phi Alpha were joined by Congressional leaders on the Fraternity's 94th Anniversary for the dedication of the site for the MLK Memorial in Washington, D.C.

T

The four-acre site on the Tidal Basin is arguably the most beautiful property in all of Washington. It is neatly situated in a direct line between the Lincoln and Jefferson Memorials. The Memorial to our Alpha Brother will hug the curves of the cherry tree-lined Tidal Basin where visitors can gaze upon the gentle waters.

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It was in this setting that 30th General President Adrian L. Wallace delivered a stirring and emotional speech about the journey to this time and this place. Quoting scripture from the Book of Esther, General President Wallace proudly announced that Alpha and its membership had been "prepared for such as a time as this."

The event was designed to show the inclusiveness of Dr. King's legacy. Prayers were offered from clergy, including an Episcopalian Priest (Reverend Nathan Baxter), A CME Minister (Brother Reverend Herman "Skip" Mason), a Greek Orthodox Priest (Reverend Manuel Burdusi) and a Rabbi (Rabbi Floyd Herman).

The young voices of the Howard County (Maryland) Children's MEMORIAL EDITION

Chorus provided music for the event.

Some of the sponsors of the bill that brought the Memorial to reality were also in attendance, including Senators John Warner (R-Virginia) and Paul Sarbanes (D-Maryland) and Congresswoman Constance Morella (R-Maryland). The event concluded with General President Wallace, Project Manager Brother John Carter and other dignitaries unveiling the plaque, which marks the spot of the Memorial.

General President Wallace also pointed out that we represent the last of a generation of people who were alive during the days of Dr. King. It is our mission to be sure that his dream stays alive and that people never forget that he walked this way.

"How appropriate it was for this event to take place on that day.

We can only imagine that seven proud men stood watch as another chapter is added to the rich history and legacy they created. They too must have been saying... You have been prepared for such as a time as this."

EMCRTION

I /)')â&#x20AC;˘ Brother Vic Carter

lpha Phi A the nation recently

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dedicated servants. On the morning of December 8, 2000, Represeni Brother Julian C. Dixon CD-California) died in in Mar del Rey, California. He was 66.

Brother Dixon, a senior member of the Congressional Black Caucus was known for his kind spirit, his tenacious work ethic and his ardent support of his Fraternity and its programs. Brother Dixon led the charge on Capitol Hill for the approval of the bill to build a memorial for Brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. President Bill Clinton received the news of Dixon's passing while aboard Air Force One. Mr. Clinton said, "He was a kind, gentle man who earned the admiration and respect of all who knew him." ^ Moments later Alpha Phi Alpha General President Adrian L. Wallace received the news. Brother Wallace said, "He was a distinguished member of the Fraternity and one of four sponsors instrumental in securing passage of legislation authorizing the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial to be built in our nation's capital."

Brother Wallace continued, "Recently, Brother Dixon spoke on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives regarding the Fraternity's partnership with the March of Dimes and our Project Alpha program. He was always gracious and supportive and will be greatly missed. We will keep his family in our prayers."

Earlier this year, MLK Memorial Project Manager Brother John Carter met with Brother Dixon at his office on Capitol Hill. Carter

38

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B o n was delighted K s of the Memorial K continued support of Kother Carter went on to Kessed with the proposed rticularly struck by the symbolK story of Dr. King, his movement and his message. 1 will miss him deeply."

Accolades were flowing for Brother Dixon from Capitol Hill to CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. He served as the ranking Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee and a key member of the panel that determines defense spending. CIA Director George Tenet praised him as a "decent man" with a deep "caring for the men and women who devote their lives to national security."

Brother Dixon was bom in Washington, D.C. in August of 1934. He received his Bachelor's degree from California State University in Los Angeles and a Law degree from Southwestern University in Los Angeles, California in 1967. He served the Army from 1957 to I960 and was a member of the California Assembly from 1972 until 1978. Brother Dixon was initiated into the Fraternity at Alpha Delta Chapter in 1957.

In 1978, Brother Dixon was elected to the first of 11 terms in the House. He was re-elected last November with 84 percent of the vote. Brother Dixon is survived by his wife, Betty Lee, and a son, Cary Gordon Dixon.

THE SPHINX* WINTER 2000

CORPOSB

CORPORATE DIRECTORY

THE SEVEN JEWELS

Henrv A. Callis

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Charles H. Chapman

Nathaniel A. Murrav

Robert H. 0

Vertner W.Tandy

G e n e r a l P r e s i d e n t Adrian L. Wallace, 281 Debra Lane, Lake Charles, LA 70611-9216 I m m e d i a t e Past G e n e r a l P r e s i d e n t Milton C. Davis, P.O. Box 830509, Tuskegee, AL, 36083 Administrative D i r e c t o r Zollie Stevenson, Jr., 806 Falls Lake Drive, MitchelMle, MD 20721 G e n e r a l Treasurer George N. Reaves, 2933 Balmoral Crescent, Flossmoor, E 60422 C o m p t r o l l e r Frank A. Jenkins ffl, 529 South Perry Street, Suite 16, Montgomery, AL 36104 : *J , G e n e r a l C o u n s e l Harry E. Johnson, Sr., 8606 Running Bird Lane, Missouri City, TX 77489 rector-General C o n v e n t i o n s Al F. Rutherford, 8585 Stemmons Freewav, Suite 730N, Dallas, TX 75247 Parliamentarian Kenneth Jordan, 15366 Kentfield, Detroit, MI 28223 VICE PRESIDENTS Eastern LeRoy Lowery, III, 1724 Portal Drive, NW Washington, DC 20012-1116 M i d w e s t e r n Samuel DeShazior, 911 Mercer Avenue, Akron, OH 44320 S o u t h e r n Lynwood Bell, 1902 East Pollock Road, Lakeland, FL 33813 S o u t h w e s t e r n Terrv Arrington, 5426 Upton Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70809 w e s t e r n Gregory G. French, 5625 Windsor Way #103, Culver City, CA 90230

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ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENTS Eastern Thomas Fitzpatrick, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085 M i d w e s t e r n Abdul-Kaba Abdullah, 1121 North College Drive Apt.#l, Maryville, MO 64468 S o u t h e r n Trenton Williams, 585 Caldwell Circle, Athens, GA 30605 S o u t h w e s t e r n Micah J. Smith, 1104 East Houston Apt A, Marshall, TX 75670 W e s t e r n Edjah Nduom, P.O. Box 5865 Stanford, CA 94309 LTVTNG PAST GENERAL PRESIDENTS

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21st 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th

General General General General General General

P r e s i d e n t T. Winston Cole, Sr, 812 S.W. 50th Way, Gainesville, FL 32607 P r e s i d e n t James R. Williams, 1733 Brookwood Drive, Akron, OH 44313 P r e s i d e n t Ozell Sutton, 1640 Loch Lomond Trail, SW, Atlanta, GA 30331 P r e s i d e n t Charles C. Teamer, Sr, 4619 Owens Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70122 P r e s i d e n t Henry Ponder, NAF.E.O, 8701 Georgia Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 P r e s i d e n t Milton C. Davis, P.O. Box 830509, Tuskegee, AL 36083

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS TO THE GENERAL PRESIDENT I n t e r n a t i o n a l Affairs Special Assistant Assistants

MEMORIAL EDITION

Horace G. Dawson, J r , 1601 Kalmia Road, NW, Washington, DC 20012 Darryl R. Matthews, Sr, 5075 Red Robin Ridge, Alpharetta, GA 30202 Robert A. Willis, 130 Old Fairburn Close, Atlanta, GA 30331 Joseph E. Hevward, P.O. Box 384, Florence, SC 29503 Joshua Williams, J r , 9696 Hayne Blvd. #15, New Orleans, LA 70127

39

CORPORATE DIRECTORY

WORLD POLICY COUNCIL Chairman Horace G. Dawson, Jr., 1601 Kalmia Road, NW, Washington, DC 20037 Chairman Emeritus Edward W. Brooke, Suite 301-S, 2500 Virginia Avenue, NW, Wash., DC 20037 Members Charles Rangel, 2354 Rayburn House Office Building, Wash., DC 20515 Huel D. Perkins, 1923—79th Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70807 Henry Ponder, N.A.F.E.O., 8701 Georgia Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910 Vinton R. Anderson, AME Church Finance Office, 1134-11th Street, NW, Wash., DC 2000 Chuck S. Stone, UNC-Chapel Hill, 107 Oxford Hills Place, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Bobby Austin, The Village Foundation, 211 N. Union Street #100, Alexandria, VA 22314 ALPHA PHI ALPHA BUILDING FOUNDATION, INC. C h a i r m a n Everett Ward, 5002 Avenida Del Sol Drive, Raleigh, NC 27604 ALPHA PHI ALPHA EDUCATION FOUNDATION, INC. Chairman James Ward, 9306 Twin Hills Drive, Houston, TX 77031 NATIONAL COMMITTEE/COMMISSION CHAIRMEN Alpha Collegiate Scholars Awards & Achievements Budget & Finance Business & Economic Development College Brothers Affairs Constitution Elections Endowment & Capital Formation Grievances & Discipline Headquarters Maintenance Internal Auditing Jobs Fair Life Membership Management Information Systems Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial Project Membership/Standards & Extension National Historian National Programs Personnel Publications Racial Justice & Public Policy Reclamation Subcommittee Recommendations & Resolutions Rules & Credentials Rituals & Ceremonies Senior Alpha Affairs Special Projects Strategic Planning Time & Place Training & Development PROGRAM/PROJECT COORDINATORS Big Brother/Big Sisters of America Leadership Development & Citizen Education Miss Black & Gold Pageant Oratorical Contest Project Alpha

Willie Ruff, 314 Applegrove Court, Herndon, VA 22071 Ronald Madden, 834 Penfield Street, #2A Bronx, NY 10470 Frank A. Jenkins LTI, 529 South Perry Street, Suite 16, Montgomery, AL 36104 Harold Patrick, 5959 West Century Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90045 Barton J. Taylor, 2117 Flat Shoals Road #4, Adanta, GA 30316 Lloyd Givens, 6050 Canaan Woods Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA 30331 Russell C. Campbell, Sr., 1504 Delmont Lane, Takoma Park, MD 20912 Christopher C. Womack, 2109 Christina Cove, Birmingham, AL 35244 Isiah Ward, 303 Waterford, Willowbrook, IL 60521 R. Leandras Jones II, 1045 Audubon Circle, SW, Adanta, GA, 30311 David M. Cheri, 5106 Porter Ridge, Houston, TX 77053 Ralph Caro, 6826 Garfield Avenue, Kansas City, MO 66102 George Wayne Watkins, 40983 Oaks Drive #4A, Troy, MI 48098 Eddie Henderson, 4563 Wellspring Way, Stone Mountain, GA 30083 John H. Carter, 3465 Somerset Trail, Adanta, GA 30330 Ronald T. James, 1717 NE 16th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73111 Robert L. Harris, Jr., Cornell University, 310 Triphammer Rd., Ithaca, NY 14850 Ronald Peters, 1130 M.D. Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030 Sean Woodroffe, 705 Summer Avenue, Uniondale, NY 11553 Harry Dunbar, 281 Rose Road, West Nyack, NY 10994 Norman Towels, 3243 Arlington Avenue, Riverside, CA 92506 Harold Foster, 5642 Georgia, Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66104 Tophas Anderson ffl, 14811 Tumbling Falls Court, Houston, TX 77062 John E. Walls, Co-chairman, 107 Colonial Drive, Vicksburg, MS 39180 Johnny Thomas, Co-chairman, 1414 Mill Street, Lake Charles, LA 70601 Darren Morton, Chairman, 549 S 7th Avenue, Mt. Vernon, NY 10550 James Ivory, 1241 Oak Hill Road, Downers Grove, IL 60515 Richard D. Smith, Jr., 3510 Medical Park Drive #7, Monroe, LA 71203 Chester A. Wheeler III, P.O. Box 6682, Macon, GA 31208 Elliot Ferguson, Jr., 2790 DeVinci Blvd.,Decatur, GA 30034 Phillip Jackson, 1200 Litde Gloucester Road #1904, Clementon, NJ 08021 Dale Long, 1614 Dorado Street, Garland, TX 75040 Willis E. Baird, P.O. Box 74, Durham, NC 27702 Alvin Cavalier, 413-C Longwood Court, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 John German, 1124 32nd Avenue, Seatde, WA 98144 John L Colbert, 2140 Loren Circle, Fayetteville, AR 72701

ALPHA P H I ALPHA FRATERNITY, I N C . 2313 St. Paul Street • Baltimore, MD 21218-5234 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS Phone: (410) 554-0040 • Fax: (410) 554-0054

40

THE SPHINX® WINTER 2000

WASHINGTON, D.C. M A R T I N L U T H E R K I N G , J R .

NATIONAL MEMORIAL PROJECT FOUNDATION, I N C .

BRICK ORDER FORM: APA Quantity

AOA DR.M.L KING.]] MEMOPUAL

INSCRIBED BRICK

Description

Price

Brick: College Brother

$52.00

Brick: Alumni Brother

$152.00

Brick: College Chapter

$552.00

Brick: Alumni Chapter

$1,552.00

Total

Subtotal (Shipping and Handling Charges)

$5.95 per brick

Order Total

BRICK ORDER FORM: "I

HAVE A D R E A M " INSCRIBED BRICK

^

HAVE A DREAM

Price

Description

Quantity

Total

$29.00

King Memorial Brick Subtotal

(Shipping and Handling Charges)

$5.95 per brick

Order Total M e t h o d O f Payment Cash Check Money Order Credit Card Visa Master Card American Express Discover

Name:

J

•

Chapter Key Number:

(Area Code) Phone Number:

LI

Address: (We cannot deliver to P.O. Boxes)

• • •J

Card Number:

City:

Expiration Date:

State:

Zip:

Mail Order To: Martin L. King, Jr. National Memorial Project Department 211 Washington, D.C. 20055-0211

Card Holder Name:

License granted by Intellectual Properties Management, Inc. as Manager of the Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. A project of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. authorized by the United States Congress, Public Law 104-333; also known as the "Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project." Program expires Aug. 2001