República Bolivariana De Venezuela Ministerio Del Poder Popular Para La Educación Superior Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño” Chair: English I Professor: Aracelis Torres
Barrios, Ricardo I.C.: 19.593.083
July 2012
INTRODUCTION Nonvascular plants are the simplest of all land dwelling plants. Like their closest ancestors, the green algae, they lack an internal means for water transportation. They also do not produce seeds or flowers. They generally only reach a height of one to two centimeters, because they lack the woody tissue necessary for support on land.
Plants that don't have specialized systems on the order of xylem and phloem for moving water through internal tissues are non vascular plants. For example, a tree's xylem is a channel for moving water and nutrients upwards through a tree. A tree's phloem is a channel for flowing the end products downwards from the photosynthetic interaction with sunlight.
So non vascular plants have no leaves, roots or stems. Their two main examples are the green algae and the bryophytes. The bryophytes include the mosses [Bryophyta], the liverworts [Marchantiophyta], and the hornworts [Anthocerotophyta]. Liverworts may appear to have leaves. But they aren't true leaves, because of the lack of vascular tissue. Instead what they have are rounded parts called lobes.
HEMILEIA VASTRATIX
Kingdom
Fungi
Division
Basidiomycota
Class
Pucciniomycetes
Order
Pucciniales
Genus
Hemileia
Species
H. vastatrix
USTILAGO MAYDIS
Kingdom
Fungi
Subkingdom Dikarya Phylum
Basidiomycota
Subphylum
Ustilaginomycotina
Class
Ustilaginomycetes
Order
Ustilaginales
Genus
Ustilago
Species
U. maydis
PHYTOPHORA INFESTANS
Kingdom Chromalveolata Phylum
Heterokontophyta
Class
Oomycota
Order
Peronosporales
Family
Pythiaceae
Genus
Phytophthora
Species
P. infestans
FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
Kingdom Fungi Division
Ascomycota
Class
Sordariomycetes
Order
Hypocreales
Family
Nectriaceae
Genus
Fusarium
Species
F. oxysporum
TAPRINA DEFORMANS
Kingdom Fungi Phylum
Ascomycota
Class
Taphrinomycetes
Subclass
Taphrinomycetidae
Order
Taphrinales
Family
Taphrinaceae
Genus
Taphrina
Species
T. deformans
RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER
Kingdom
Fungi
Order
Mucorales
Family
Mucoraceae
Genus
Rhizopus
Species
R. stolonifer
RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
Kingdom Fungi Phylum
Basidiomycota
Class
Agaricomycetes
Order
Cantharellales
Family
Ceratobasidiaceae
Genus Species
Rhizoctonia R. solani
OPHIOSTOMA ULMI
Kingdom
Fungi
Subdivision Pezizomycotina Class
Sordariomycetes
Order
Ophiostomatales
Family
Ophiostomataceae
Genus
Ophiostoma
Species
O. ulmi
MYCOSPHAERELLA MUSICOLA
Kingdom Fungi Phylum
Ascomycota
Class
Dothideomycetes
Subclass
Dothideomycetidae
Order
Capnodiales
Family
Mycosphaerellaceae
Genus
Mycosphaerellaceae
Species
M. musicola
CLAVICEPS PURPUREA
Kingdom Fungi Division
Ascomycota
Class
Sordariomycetes
Subclass
Hypocreomycetidae
Order
Hypocreales
Family
Clavicipitaceae
Genus
Claviceps
ALBULGO CANDIDA
Kingdom
Chromalveolata
Phylum
Heterokontophyta
Class
Oomycota
Order
Peronosporales
Family
Albuginaceae
Genus
Albugo
PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI
Domain
Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromalveolata Phylum
Heterokontophyta
Class
Oomycetes
Order
Peronosporales
Family
Pythiaceae
Genus
Phytophthora
Species
P. capsici
PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM
Kingdom Fungi Phylum
Ascomycota
Class
Eurotiomycetes
Subclass
Eurotiomycetidae
Order
Eurotiales
Family
Trichocomaceae
Genus
Penicillium
Species
P. expansum
ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Ascomycota
Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class
Eurotiomycetes
Order
Eurotiales
Family
Trichocomaceae
Genus
Aspergillus
Species
A. Niger
BOTRYTIS CINEREA
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Ascomycota
Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class
Leotiomycetes
Order
Helotiales
Family
Sclerotiniaceae
Genus
Botryotinia
Species
B. cinerea
TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM
Kingdom
Fungi
Division
Ascomycota
Subdivision Pezizomycotina Class
Sordariomycetes
Order
Hypocreales
Family
Hypocreaceae
Genus
Trichoderma
Species
T. harzianum
PUCCINIA PURPUREA
Kingdom
Fungi
Phylum
Basidiomycota
Class
Urediniomycetes
Subclass
Incertaesedis
Order
Uredinales
Family
Pucciniaceae
Genus
Puccinia
Species
P. purpurea
BREMIA LACTUCAE
Domain
Eukaryota
Kingdom
Chromalveolata
Phylum
Heterokontophyta
Class
Oomycetes
Order
Peronosporales
Family
Peronosporaceae
Genus
Bremia
Species
B. lactucae
UNCINULA NECATOR
Kingdom
Fungi
Division
Ascomycota
Class
Leotiomycetes
Order
Erysiphales
Family
Erysiphaceae
Genus
Uncinula
Species
U. necator