THINKING &
REASONING PROCESS Alifah Rania Dwi Cahyani Nabila Pratista Dewani
THINK -ING
Thinking and Reasoning Process
WHAT IS
THINKING? THINKING (n.) 1
: the action of using one's mind to produce thoughts.
Thinking is the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and model of the world.
when we form
D N A
concepts,
G N I K N I H T
engage problemsolving, reason, and make decisions.
D N A G N I N O S A E R
G N I N O S A E R
information, as
S S E C O R P
S S E C O R P
manipulation of
G N I K N I H T
Thinking involves
R E A S O N
REASONING IS A MENTAL PROCESS OF LOOKING FOR REASONS, BELIEFS, CONCLUSIONS, ACTIONS, OR FEELINGS.
REASONING SUPPORTS DECISION MAKING AND IS AIMED AT THE
ACHIEVEMENT
OF GOALS.
Problemsolving Thinking that is directed toward the solving of a specific problem that involves both the formation of responses and the selection among possible responses.
ProblemProblemrepresentation representation
Process in which an object is captures by one's senses, then it makes sense to be processed which then produces a concept or idea that later will be expressed using language.
Problem representation itself is a means of understanding in solving problems.
1 - identifying the problem 2 - representation of the problem 3 - planning the solution
4 - executing the plan 5 - evaluating the plan 6 - evaluating the solution
LEARNER NEEDS TO TRANSFORM A PROBLEM'S DESCRIPTION TO THEIR INTERNAL MENTAL INTERPRETATION IN TWO STAGES: PROBLEM TRANSLATION AND INTEGRATION.
PROBLEM TRANSLATION EXTRACT CONCEPTS FROM THE TEXTUAL DESCRIPTION BY USING LINGUISTIC AND SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE. Linguistic is used to comprehend the words' meaning in the textual description, and semantic knowledge means the factual knowledge in the world.
PROBLEM INTEGRATION REQUIRES A LEARNER TO CONNECT SENTENCES IN A PROBLEMS' DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCE A COHERENT REPRESENTATION THINKING AND REASONING PROCESS
J U N G L E J A M
P R E S E N T S
AFTER THE PROBLEM'S DESCRIPTION IS TRANSLATED INTO THE LEARNER'S INTERNAL MENTAL INTERPRETATION, IT MEANS THAT THE M U S I C & A R T F E S T I V A L LEARNER HAS ALREADY COMPREHEND THE PROBLEM CENTRAL PARK, LAKETOWN MAY 20, 2017
WHAT IS WHAT IS CREATIVITY? CREATIVITY? Creativity happens when someone comes up with a creative idea, for example, a creative solution to a difficult problem. It involves characteristics of both reasoning and imagination. Creativity also defined as personal, imaginative thinking which produces a new, novel, and useful solution.
THE IMPORTANT FACTOR OF CREATIVITY IS
CREATIVE THINKING,
THE GENERATION OF IDEAS THAT ARE NEW, USEFUL, PRODUCTIVE, APPROPRIATE.
creative thinking can be stimulated by the teacher's efforts. teachers can, for example, encourage the students divergent thinking.
Divergent thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. IT IS STIMULATED BY GIVING OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WITH MANY POSSIBLE ANSWERS.
In this sense divergent thinking depends partly on its converse, which focused on the logical reasoning about ideas and experiences that lead to specific answers.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CONVERGENT THINKING (AS SCHOOLWORK) OFTEN DOES BY EMPHASIZING MASTERY CONTENTWHICH FACILITATES DIVERGENT THINKING INDIRECTLY, HENCE ALSO THEIR CREATIVITY. HOWEVER, EXCESSIVE EMPHASIS ON CONVERGENT THINKING MAY DISCOURAGE CREATIVITY.
Four stages of creative thinking
1Preparation 2Incubation 3Illumination 4Verification