Conceptual Design : Senior Project 2016

COHERENT ENERGIES ANDREW GARL 008883381

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY , POMONA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SENIOR PROJECT 2016 PROFESSOR AXEL SCHMITZBERGER

1

WASTE TO ENERGY

Coherent Energies is a proposal for an Incineration facility to convert municipal solid waste to electrical energy . Municipal wastes from surrounding cities contains embodied energy when burned will be used to generate electricity via turbine. The nature of relationship to the city, providing pure energy to the buildings and processes established pragmatic coherence, or direct influence on the city. Architecturally the form is influenced by technical programmatic sequences, as well as theoretical influences from volumetric “flows�. These flows are masses which contain specific lines of equipment , and intersect at critical moments. The masses, based on their embodied energy in process formally and spatially effect the adjacent flows, establishing architectural relationships, or energies on each other: Coherence.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS SITE 7 PROGRAM 12 ARCHITECTURE 22

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

3

COHERENT ENERGIES THE PROBLEM:

Waste is transported 200 miles to a landfill in the desert. Industries use energy to make and process combustible products, and then use more energy to send the waste to bury it in the sand. This practical problem can be mitigated transforming the waste matter to transmittable energy. Through industrial waste to energy process we can recover the waste lost to the system, transferring the energy of matter back to the city.

THE CLIENT:

In order to frame justification for a Waste to Energy Facility, we must assume there are roles to be played in the future energy politics within the City of Vernon. In the construction of these roles, we analyze the current trends within the city, and apply solutions and explorations to a future resolution. Architectural, programmatic and also political changes will be realized through the role playing.

The City, in an effort to hedge the cost of energy production with the increasing cost of diesel fuel, over extended its contractual capacity to acquire cheap fuel. The result was an increase in cost to rate payers, indefinitely increasing per year. Historically one of the key mechanisms to support industry in the city, future increases in cost of energy will reduce the appeal for businesses to occupy the city. A crisis.

Analysis of the monopoly, and current crisis of the energy supply within the City of Vernon, as an “independent power operator”, reveals a necessity for future reliability of cost and supply for electricity. While new technologies in emissions control will allow an ultra efficient attenuation of the waste stream into power production, political and economic forces of Vernon’s historically inexpensive power supply will allow competition to take hold.

The client is intended to be an association of businesses which assemble to compete against a newly expensive single source power supply. The proposed waste to energy plant will provide competition and even exclusion of the municipal power supply, eliminating a monopoly on energy production within the city of Vernon. The proposed alliance would seek to have this new plant on one of its own members’ property, in this case advantageously the General Mills Grain Processing Plant at 4700 Maywood Avenue. This alliance allows for future covenants agreeing to share property and air rights so that the goal of energy production can be met, establishing opportunities for a building to cross property lines.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

4

PROGRAMMATIC AND ARCHITECTURAL NARRATIVES

The Waste to energy facility will serve as competition to the City of Vernon’s municipal power supply, but also recover energy lost, both in the disposal and transport of waste to the Southwestern California desert. In this practical way the problem of stopping energy flows from the city and re-embodying that energy in the city becomes a competitive solution. From here, the architectural and programmatic arrangements seek to reinforce the linear nature of the waste to energy stream.

PROGRAM:

The program for the facility is decomposed into several “energy” flows; Electrical Generation, Municipal Solid Waste, Workers, Visitors, Transportation and Emissions Control. Components necessary for production of electricity and handling of waste are arranged in a sequence of linear processes. The ancillary programs of offices, visitor areas, as well as arrivals and departures of materials are plotted along similar paths.

Office program is related to controlling and managing the facility. There is a control room associated with this program which must be specifically located near the main incinerator, as well their crane control room must inhabit space near the main waste pit. These two spaces determine where the “bar” off office program which houses all worker functions must intersect the main incineration line or “Waste” bar. The waste program contains the waste pit, crane incinerator and ash extraction, this is the largest, and most important flow within the facility. It must be tall for the trucks to offload waste, the crane to lift waste from the pit to the incinerator and deep, to store waste when the incinerator is off line. For maintenance This storage negates the need for two separate lines. Emissions flow houses all of the filtering components including the boiler for filtering the air after waste is burned. There is a visitor’s center with observation, which overlooks the incinerator and ash collection room. Generation flow houses the turbine and cooling tower and finally the transport flow creates a required covered loading zone called the tipping floor.

Seeking to extend the reach of the facility architecturally, the entrances for employees, employee parking and visitors are extending underground to points off site.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

5

ARCHITECTURE:

As matter transforms phases it releases energy into an entropic condition. This condition is defined by disorder where we cannot explain, even though they exist, the vast relationships happening, from atomic particles to global systems. Energy flows from an ordered state to a disordered state.

When changing phase, the matter releases embodied energy to another system, only to be embodied in more matter, oscillating between states. The matter dissipates its embodied energy to a field of the infinite, yet we can use that energy to produce something new, reinstating energy into matter.

The architectural problem is to relate a change in matter to energy, to an industrial architecture. An architectural energy of an object can inform the matter in another object, as if the object is infused with energy and begins to change state. Stan Allen writes “field conditions can be added onto without substantial morphological transformation�, but if objects in the field are intelligent , and coherent, then they in fact change the relata to become effected by one another. The coherent relationships of objects can explore how matter changes state into energy when waste is combusted.

Introducing a thematic problem to the City of Vernon draws out a need for specific relata to address the formal characteristics of the proposed strategy. In establishing that the proposal will reinvest potential energy for the city as a whole, the energy of the architecture will reinvest in itself. A coherent architecture is one where communication both programmatic and formal in nature establish feedback. Programed spaces of the facility have an immediate effect on the placement within the site. Incineration process components delineate the culture of flows, giving them specific placement according to sequence of energetic process. With a set arrangement, the form which contains energetic process will be articulated by the specific equipment requirements with a language unique to that component, the articulation creates a coherent relationship with architecture and process. Programmatic and semi programmatic linkages can give coherence to one another in the form of Grafting, draping, pulling and puncturing. The language of surface modulation, shifting and breaking, grafted upon a form which emanates architectural energy to imbue the city with the nature and function of its architecture.

Sources Smout, Mark. Augmented Landscapes.

Murray, Shaun, User- Reader- Space.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

6

SITE NARRATIVE SITE: VERNON, CALIFORNIA: “EXCLUSIVELY INDUSTRIAL”

Our chosen problem of developing architectural solutions in the city of Vernon exposes unique problems to address. In exploring the system of energy distribution and waste, emerges a wide reaching, ever controlling link between all the machines of the city. The building machines suck electrical energy from the heart of the city, Vernon’s municipal power plant. Opposing the existing power plant the new waste to energy converter will situate itself in and or on existing machines in the city which must pay for accessing energy.

Energy production within the city requires fast import and export of raw materials and compacted ash. This requires easy uninterrupted access to both rail and street networks. Criteria for making new links into the electrical grid are also considered, necessitating proximity to transmission lines or the ability to construct new line.

The waste to energy facility will require, as defined by symbolic architectural goals a host machine which allows for a symbiotic contextual relationship, where the new structure may be economically and aesthetically cohesive. The selected site is located directly adjacent a grain processor located in the east portion of Vernon.

ELECTRICAL REFLECTION

The Proposed site at 4700 Maywood Avenue, at the cross streets of District Boulevard and Everett Street is a site of 29,000 square feet and nearly 275 feet long by 94 feet wide. There is an allowable floor area ratio of 2 to 1. There is no height limit and no lot coverage limit. There is an existing grain silo which is built a few feet into the property line. The silo is in an array of concrete silos around 60 feet high. The grain processor is attached to these silos. Two rail easements adjoin the site and are owned by the general mill grain processor. The goal, as is the case with the processors building is to extend over these line, and enhance their function as active, private access branch lines. Existing rail line will be maintained. The site is relatively flat with only 2 feet of variation. The boundary of the site maintains the same elevation, while there are slight, less than one foot, depressions on the west end.

The processor facility illegally uses the rail right of way which overlaps the street easement as a driveway for its trucks. Such use is likely grandfathered, and allowed by the facilities ownership of the branch line rail easement. The site has one abandon building to the north and shared driveway easement which is desired to share an underground pedestrian entrance.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

7

0'

1000’ '

CITY: ENERGY GRADIENTS

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

8

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

9

U TR

E CK

RY NT

DISTRICT BLVD

TR

K UC

EN

Y TR

XP HE AS

T OR

9' 19

8' 19

EVERETTE AVE

MAYWOOD AVE

' 200

E 49 ST

0'

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

100'

10

1

19'-8"

3

5

4

184'-10"

7

6

8

14'-5"

49'-10"

18'-6"

48'-2"

12'-6"

26'-1"

9'-9"

48'-2"

16'-11"

19'-6"

33'-3"

2

9

10

11

12

13

8

1 EGRESS 2 WASTE PIT 3 AIR HANDLING 4 MANIFOLD 5 INCINERATOR 6 BIOLER 7 ASH CONVEYOR 8 VISITOR ENTRY 9 EMISSIONS TREATMENT ABOVE 10 OFFICE SPACE ABOVE 11 BIFERCATING WRAPPING FACADE 12 CIRCULATION ABOVE 13 STORAGE

0

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

64

11

PROGRAMMING

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

12

ARTISTIC REFERENCE

Artists Walter De Maria and Mike Nesbit deal with notions of energy in their artwork.

Each his own medium, but they seek to capture an understanding of the energies which the subject matter relies on. Maria provides the datum to which we may understand natural energies which are normally uncontrolled. Nesbit seeks to enlighten the embodied energy in a “technical abstraction�. The project seeks to both give visualization and meaning to the flow of energy, the throughput for the audience of the industrial city.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

13

WES JONES: MACHINE BUILDING

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

14

AUGMENTED LANDSCAPES , SMOUT + ALLEN

Manipulation of the landscape of intrinsic features to graft upon alternate functions of a complimentary nature.

QANATS (THE LANDSCAPE) , SMOUT + ALLEN

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

15

PROGRAMMATIC PRECEDENTS

BOZEN WASTE TO ENERGY 200 TONS PER DAY 268000 GSF 1340 TONS/ SF

ROSKILDE ENERGY RECOVERY

ESBJERG INCINERATOR 493 TONS PER DAY 118400 GSF 241 TONS / SF

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

16

PROGRAM PRECEDENTS EFFICIENCY COMPARISON CASE STUDY A YOKOSUKURA 1985 10623 658 1240 1100 450 1820 320 825 350 17386 17200 289 147 3

20200 SF

PROGRAM AREA GNENERAL SUPPORT CONTROL ROOM INCINERATOR BAG HOUSE PRECIPITATE REACTOR REFUSE PIT ASH CONVERYOR WATER TREATMENT CRANE ROOM TOTAL SF FOOTPRINT LENGTH WIDTH HIEGTH

215 SF/TON

CASE STUDY B

CASE STUDY A

492 118 46 493 118400 241 376000

SF/TON

CASE STUDY B

CASE STUDY A

241 SF/TON

0,0

CASE STUDY C

CASE STUDY C

1340SF/TON

CASE STUDY A - YOKOSUKURA INCINERATOR, JAPAN CASE STUDY B - BOZEN WtoE FACILITY, BOLZANO, ITALY CASE STUDY C - ESBJERG INCINERATOR LINE, DENMARK

0,0

PROPOSED PROGRAM

N/A N/A N/A 200 268000 22790 1350 250000

CASE STUDY B

LENGTH WIDTH HIEGTH TONS PER DAY TOTAL GSF LINE ARE TONS/SF SITE

268000 SF

CASE STUDY C

118000 SF

LENGTH WIDTH HIEGTH TONS PER DAY TOTAL GSF LINE AREA TONS/SF SITE

177 SF/TON 47800SF SOURCES: Young, Gary. Municple Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Process.2010. Wiley Publishing , New Jersey.

Elliott, Thomas. Et. Al. Standard Handbook in Powerplant Engineering. 1997. McGraw- Hill. New York, NY.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

17

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

SYSTEM COMPONENTS A CRANE B HOPPER C INCINERATOR D BOILER E BAG HOUSE F PRECIP. REACTOR G SEMI DRY REACTOR H ESP FILTER I ASH CONVEYOR J TURBINE K COOING TOWER L EMISSIONS STACK

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

18

98,500 TONS/ YEAR

80% UP TIME

MSW

VEHICLES

DETAILED PROGRAM

DRIVEWAYS(4) GATE HOUSE SCALES(2) TIPPING FLOOR ASH HAULIING

270 T.P.D.

PEOPLE WORK CONTROL MAINTENANCE OBSERVATION

WASTE STORAGE INCINERATION FEED ASH STORAGE ASH DISPOSAL

PROGRAM TRANSPORT SEQUENCE MEASURES DROP OFF LIFTING STORAGE

1600 100 2800 800 450

324 T.P.D.

GENERAL SUPPORT WASTE PIT INCINERATOR INCINERATOR BOTTTOM ASH COLLECTOR ASH PIT

11000 1500 1250 300 1125 500

CONTROL ROOM CRANE ROOM CIRCULATION OFFICE BREAK ROOM PLANT OPERTAIONS PARKING

KNOWLEDGE SEMINARS VISITORS DEMONSTRATION DATA

EMISSIONS AIR INTAKE HEAT TRANSFER FILTRATION ASH CAPTURE RELEASE

WORKERS

AIR INTAKE AIR HANDLING BIOLER HEAT EXCHANGER BAG HOUSE ESP TURBINE EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY STACK

ELECTRICITY STEAM FLOW POWER GENERATION POWER TRANSMISSION HEAT FLOW HEAT WATER

VISITORS

AIR

650 350 7200 3800 600 750 6180

94 % CONVERSION

200 350 1350 200 550 900 50 200 225

35 STAFF

RECEPTION RESTROOM CLASSROOM VIEWING PLATFORM

250 400 1400 800

SUBSTATION TURBINE GENERATOR WATER TREATMENT COOLING CONTROL EQUIPMENT

400 950 350 225 950

60 VISITORS

544kWh

MAJOR PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

19

BAG HOUSE PRECIPITATE FILTER RECTORS REFUSE PIT ASH CONVEYOR WATER TREATMENT

BOTTTOM ASH STORAGE TRUCK BAY OR BAYS TOTAL AREA X20% CLEARANCE AND CIRCULATION GSF

ELECTRICITY TURBINE GENERATOR SUBSTATION POWER LINE

:2

5. (

56

67( :$

*(1(5$7,21

TRUCKS

SCALE GATE HOUSE TIPPING FLOOR DRIVEWAY ASH HAULING

PEOPLE

CATWALKS CONTROL ROOMS OFFICES

1 ,2 ( $7 1 & 8/ 5$ 5& $ &, &/ (

ASH FROM HOPPERS BOTTOM ASH CONVEYOR

16

GENERATOR COOLING TOWER

450 200 450

TRUCK PIT CRANE FEED HOPPER INCINERATOR BOTTOM ASH CONVEYOR ASH PIT TRUCK

,2

STEAM FROM BOILER TURBINE AND ALL GENERATOR EQUIPMENT

350 350 750 400 400 NA 300 400 NA 100 900 500 NA NA NA NA 300 NA 1340 NA NA NA 2200 450

WASTE

6 ,6

ASH HOPPER HEAT EXCHNAGER SELECTIVE CATLYTIC REDUCTION STACK

1250 550 450 1500 300

(0

CRANE SWITCHBOARD PLANT OPS CONTORL PANEL SWITCHGEAR TRANSMISSION SUBSTATION EXTERIOR CRANE BAY FOR REMOVAL OF WASTE FEED HOPPER NEGATIVE PRESSURE AIR INTAKE GATE HOUSE SCALE X 2 WASTE GRATE STACK COOLING INCINERATION CHAMBER AFTERBURN AIR INJECTION AIR HANDLING MAGNET MAIN HEAT EXCHANGER STACK SECONDARY HEAT EXCHNAGER WALL PIPING ECONOMIZER(IN FGC SECTION) ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR SEMI DRY REACTO

1000 4400 11000 650

VISITOR

RECEPTION CLASSROOM VIEWING PLATFORM DATASCAPE

3257

DEVELOPED PROGRAM FOR THE OFFICE GENERAL SUPPORT CONTROL ROOM INCINERATTORS

1400 600 200

75$16

RECEPTIOM VISITER PARK? VIEWEING PLATFORM

9,6,7 25 6

INITIAL PROPOSED PROGRAM CLASSROOM

XX XX 950 XX 425 NA NA 1125 720 36360 7272 43632

EMISSIONS

PROGRAM PERCENTAGES

NEGATIVE PRESSURE INTAKE BOILER HEAT EXCHANGER BAG HOUSE FILTER ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR HEAT RECOVERY STACK

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

20

REVISED PROGRAM LIST GENERATION SUBSTATION TURBINE GENERATOR WATER TREATMENT COOLING CONTROL EQUIPMENT

AREA 400 950 350 225 200

WASTE GENERAL SUPPORT WASTE PIT INCINERATOR BOTTTOM ASH COLLECTOR ASH PIT

11000 1500 1250 300 500

EMISSIONS CONTROL AIR INTAKE AIR HANDLING BIOLER HEAT EXCHANGER BAG HOUSE ESP TURBINE EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY STACK

200 350 1350 200 550 900 50 200 225

WORKERS CONTROL ROOM CRANE ROOM CIRCULATION OFFICE BREAK ROOM PLANT OPERTAIONS PARKING

650 350 7200 3800 600 750 6180

VISITORS RECEPTION RESTROOM CLASSROOM VIEWING PLATFORM

250 400 1400 800

TRANSPORT DRIVEWAYS(4) GATE HOUSE SCALES(2) TIPPING FLOOR ASH HAULIING

1600 100 900 800 450

GROSS SQUARE FOOTAGE

46930

WASTE

EMISSIONS

OFFICE

GENERATION

VISITOR

TRANSPORT

CIRCULATIONS

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

21

ARCHITECTURE

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

22

COHERENT RELATIONSHIPS: OBJECTS IN GRID

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

23

ENERGY OF BUILDINGS

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

24

ENERGY FLOWS

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

25

CAN PROGRAM ENERGY EFFECT THE SURFACE?

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

26

PROTO ARCHITECTURE

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

27

2)),&(

:$67(

&,5&8/$7,21

2)),&(

75$163257

(0,66216

&,5&8/$7,21

&,5&8/$7,21

*

,2 $7 (5 (1

1

1 2 7, 6 5 /$ 8 72 & 6, ,5 & 9,

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER DEL 02 - PROGR AMMING

INITIAL PROGRAM FLOOR PLAN DIAGRAM

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

28

MASSING EVOLUTION: PERIODIC MASSING STUDIES HAVE RESULTED IN CHANGES IN VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS IN FORM. PROGRESSING A SUCCESSION OF FLOWS INTO SPLITTING AND WINDING GRAFT OUT INTO THE SURROUNDING CITY.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

29

C

A

D

E

B

F

G

H

A MAIN INCINERATION LINE B OFFICE VOLUME C PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE D NON PROGRAMATIC SURFACE ELEMENT E GENERATION VOLUME F VISITOR CENTER G VERTICAL CIRCULATION TOWER H EXISTING GRAIN SILO I CATWALK J MAIN EMISSION STACK K TRUCK TIPPING FLOOR ENCLOSURE L NON PROGRAMATIC SURFACE ELEMENT

I

J

K

L

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

30

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

33'-3"

19'-8"

184'-10"

14'-5"

49'-10"

1

19'-6"

3

16'-11"

6

8

4

9'-9"

2

5 9

26'-1"

4 1

7

48'-2"

12'-6"

11

18'-6"

10

6

1 TRUCK ENTRANCE BELOW 2 MAINETNANCE CATWALK 3 CRANE CONTROL ROOM 4 OPEN TO BELOW 5 VERTICAL CIRCULATION APPENDAGE 6 OFFICE SPACE 7 TOP OF FILTRATION ROOM BELOW 8 ASH HOPPER 9 VIEWING PLATFORM 10 CATWALK 11 GENERATION EQUIPMENT ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

0

16

40'-0"

36'-0"

16'-0"

0'-0"

EMISSIONS

OFFICE

WASTE

-12'-0"

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

0

16

33

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

34

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

35

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

36

Bibliography Allen, Stan. Landform Building Allen, Stan. Points + Lines.

Corner, James. Taking Measures Across the American Landscape.

Corner, James. The Landscape Imagination Constructed landscapes , Gerco de Ruijter Juaslin, Daniel. Nijhuis, Steffen. Et. Al. Flowscapes Phlatness. Drawing. Micheal Nesbit. Morphosis.

Morphosis/Thom Maine. Combinatory Urbanism Reed, Chris and Lister, Nina Marie .Projective Ecologies.

Reiser+ Umemoto. Atlas of Novel Tectonics Smout + Allen. Augmented Landscapes The lightening field, Walter de Maria "City of Vernon - Gas & Electric." City of Vernon - Gas & Electric. Web. 01 Feb. 2016.

ANDREW GARL / PROF. A XEL SCHMITZBERGER SENIOR PROJECT 2016

37