Table of Contents Team Introduction and Mission………………………………………………………………………………... Project Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Trippe Hall Project Brief………………………………………………..………………………………... Design Development……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Precedent Influences…………………………………………………………………………………………. Site Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………. Phases…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Final Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Proposed Site Plan………………………………………………………………………………………... Design Focal Points………………………………………………………………………………………... Floor Plans……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Interior/Exterior Designs……………………………………………………………………………….……. Sections………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Renderings…………………………………………………………………………...…………………… Building Systems…………………………………………………………………………………………………. Structural System………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mechanical System………………………………………………………………………………………... Lighting Design……………………….……………………………………………………………………. Analyses………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Code Research………………………………………………………………………………………………... Design Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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THE LIMITLESS DESIGN TEAM
Cory Mosco
Matt Kracke
THIRD-PARTY CONSULTANTS Brian Brocker MECHANICAL
Alec Broniszewski STRUCTURAL
Tyler Conaboy MECHANICAL
Angie Peretti LIGHTING/ELECTRICAL
PROJECT MISSION STATEMENT Go beyond the output of design and yield a desired design outcome by employing innovative and forward-thinking design strategies to create a sustainable space with a sense of community and a connection to the environment
Project Introduction
Project Brief
5
Design Development
7
Washington D.C.: Gallaudet University Residence Hall
Precedent Influences
The main attraction of this building design provides a study lounge in the central area that gives students a view to below. This idea accentuates our desire to have community be a strong point in our final building design.
Hertfordshire, UK: Student Village
Maison Blanche, France: Irene Joliot Curie Residence By having the first four floors protrude outward from floors above, outdoor areas were created for additional seating and gathering while integrating the boundary between outdoors and indoors for the building.
Details including the exterior facade as well as the bedroom window design were implemented into our building design. The oriel windows in the Student Village incorporate a purging panel system in the window design itself. With the exterior facade, the bottom two floors utilize the same stone found in other campus buildings built prior to the Student Village. However, the timber cladding on the third and fourth floor presented a new aesthetic look to the campus buildings.
There are two existing residence halls located in this area of The Penn State Behrend campus. In all images shown, Ohio Hall is on the left and Almy Hall is on the right. The team was informed that rainfall, snowfall and the huge change in topography were important issues that needed to be addressed in the final building design.
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SUMMER SOLSTICE MORNING DIRECT SUN AFTERNOON DIRECT SUN EVENING DIRECT SUN
After evaluating sun azimuth and altitude angles, the initial shape of the building was evaluated with respect to these different angles.This study led to the final design of certain aspects of the final building design like the bedroom windows.
WINTER SOLSTICE KEY MORNING DIRECT SUN AFTERNOON DIRECT SUN EVENING DIRECT SUN
Site Analysis
KEY
BUILDING EVOLUTION
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G
MAIN ENTRANCES BEDROOMS WET CORES COMMUNITY
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11 Phases
PHASE 1: SCHEMATIC DESIGN
PHASE 2: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
TRIPPE HALL: PROPOSED PROGRAM
NORTH
WEST
13 Phases
PHASE 3: FINAL DESIGN
Final Design
TM
15 ALMY HALL
Our proposed site plan redirects the existing roadway to provide access to adjacent parking lots. We’ve proposed a quad between the existing Ohio and Almy Halls that provide connection to Trippe Hall with a web of pathways. Since we removed drop-off areas for the existing halls, we plan to utilize our pathways as a drop-off loop during move-in/out weekends. We’ve additionally provided a temporary parking area behind Trippe Hall. A severely sloping site created topographical issues with the West wing of our building. To address these issues, we decided to incorporate a bike storage area that provides through access to the gorge and entry access into the building.
Proposed Site Plan
LL
HA IO H O
The above icons represent our five design focal points that influenced and guided our design throughout the entire semester. It was important for us to reflect the design of the two existing residence halls without being too direct. Creating community spaces within our building that attracted students from all over campus drove the design of our floor plan. Carefully selecting materials (both exterior and interior) was critical as we wanted to maintain a residential-feel for our building while creating a warm, lodge-like environment. The climate of Penn State Behrend College introduces design challenges with heavy rainfall and harsh winters; the design of our roof was heavily dictated by the climate of the area. Integration among all of our team’s design leads helped to yield a desired outcome by employing innovative and forward-thinking design strategies to create a sustainable space with a sense of community and a connection to the environment.
The above site section which views the topography along the northern perimeter of our building highlights the severely sloping site along the West wing of our building. The bike storage area is seen to the right of the site section, providing access to the West stairwell.
17 OHIO/ALMY HALL
Design Focal Points
TRIPPE HALL
APPROACH VIEW FROM CAMPUS
As influenced by one of our design focal points, Site Context, it is apparent how our design team created an exterior facade with features that matched the characteristics of the existing residence halls in this area of campus. The top comparison illustrates the definitive entryways of the proposed Trippe Hall and the existing Ohio Hall. The bottom comparison showcases how our design team created a dynamic facade of Trippe Hall with various jut-outs to reflect the similar facade of Ohio Hall. A contrast in facade materials is also exemplified.
A split-face CMU covers the base of our building. Floor to ceiling glass will be operable during certain months out of the year. Most of our facade is decorated with a timber cladding rain screen system. Our roof is a standing seam
FLOOR PLANS G
Our ground floor plan features an open-to-above community space with a centralized fireplace. There are two housing wings separated from the public space. In our stairwell towers, we have added freight/service elevators to be used predominantly during move-in weekends. The main elevators to be used by residents are located in the center of our floor plan. A main entrance is facing North while a secondary entrance to the building provides access from the South adjacent parking lots. The second and fourth floors of our building are identical. They are open to below in two different areas: one in the community anchor space and one in the community jut-out space. This idea was inspired by a precedent from Gallaudet University. The staff service closets, the stairwells, and the wet cores are stacked from floor to floor. Observing the third floor, the third floor splits the would-be atrium into two.
TRIPPE HALL: ORIGINAL PROGRAM 64,000 S.F.
TRIPPE HALL: PROPOSED PROGRAM
70,000 S.F.
Limitless Design’s proposed program sees a 10% increase in overall SF when compared to the original program. However, we have added additional community square footage to promote our community theme.
19 Floor Plans
FLOOR PLANS
2/4 3
Typical Bedroom
Community Anchor Space
Community Jut-Out Space
21 NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
EAST
Interior/Exterior Designs
ELEVATIONS
SECTIONS
This perspective section cuts through our community anchor space as well as the entrance lounges. It is observed that our center electric fireplace houses a center concrete column. Our open-to-above community anchor space on the ground floor is open only to the second floor. The floor of the third floor of our building cuts off the open space to eliminate the potential for an open atrium which would pose concerns for ventilation and fire code. This open-to-above community anchor space is repeated on the third floor. At the top of our building, the attic space of our building is illustrated. The attic space was created to house our mechanical equipment. However, due to climate concerns with heavy snowfall and heavy rainfall in the area, we wanted to create a sloping roof around the perimeter of our building to rid of excess snow and rain on the roof. Additionally, the sloping roof helps to create overhangs for our building to control daylighting and heat gain.
23 PURGING PANEL Sections
WALL SECTION
The purging panel acts as a thermal mass. It stores heat from sunlight absorbed during the day and releases it at night when temperatures decrease.
RAIN SCREEN Rain screens are used to protect materials from mold and moisture damage. From the image shown to the left, you can see how the cladding vent drains water so it does not leak into the insulation or absorbed by the exterior facade.
INTERIOR RENDERINGS
25 Renderings
EXTERIOR RENDERINGS
Building Systems
TM
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Our building features a cast-in-place concrete structure that employs a two-way flat slab system with edge beams and interior beams. The interior beams were added only to create moment frames for lateral support. Concrete shear walls provide additional lateral support near the central stairwell and elevator cores. Adding edge beams to the system allows for thinner slabs due to our maximized spans governed by the width of two bedrooms. Though cast-in-place is the more expensive option when compared to pre-cast, we needed our system to resist moments at the location of the end beams thus cast-in-place was selected. There is a column housed within the fireplace. All columns and beams are buried in the partitions and exterior walls. The slab opening of the community anchor space is cantilevered from the stiff edge beams. To create attic space for our air handling units, we’ve utilized steel attic trusses.
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G 2/4
3 STEEL ATTIC TRUSS
Structural System
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Here you can see a section cut of our building that shows the mechanical ducts running in the ceiling space. Centrally located, you can see the vertical shafts connecting our air handling units with the different flows. In addition, the red and blue lines coming into the bottom of the building represent the geothermal system entering the building. In the cross section, you can also see the air handling unit in the attic space. This is made possible due to our specially designed attic trusses. To the right you can see some of the supply, return, and exhaust duct runs in the ceiling of the common space. These supply central heating and cooling to the common spaces and with the use of VAV boxes in each room, allow for individual room control in the bedrooms/
31 Mechanical System
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
GEOTHERMAL WELLS Above is a view of our site with the existing geothermal wells highlighted in red and the proposed geothermal system highlighted in blue. The wells highlighted in blue will be the sole source of heating and cooling for our building. Before designing the system, we evaluated the existing 24 wells which are used to service Almy. We sized our system based on our calculated BTU/hr load and compared the systems using the different occupancy loads on the two buildings. We decided to go with 60 vertical wells consisting of ten circuits of six. Each well will be drilled to a 400 foot depth and there is a 20 foot radius for spacing. We also decided to build redundancy into the system to insure that in the event of wells failing, the system will still be able to handle the loads of the building. For the location of the wells, we decided to place them to the east of our building, just south of the vehicular entrance to our site. This location provides sufficient space from existing wells as well as close proximity to our building. By locating the wells so close to our building we will save money on our horizontal runs as well as on the energy required to pump water through the system.
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
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The view to the left shows the supply (blue), return (pink), and exhaust (green) duct layout of the ground floor. The ducts run above the main hallways in the building and meet the vertical shafts at a central location. Although they are still long duct runs, by having a centrally located mechanical space we can limit the duct length and increase efficiency. In each bedroom, the supply diffusers are located closer to the hallway while the return diffusers are located closer to the exterior walls. This allows for a more energy efficient process because the air will be able to fully circulate the room prior to reaching the exterior wall, where heat will inevitably be lost, and finally the return diffuser. We were also able to minimize the length of the exhaust duct run by locating all of the wet cores along the south side of the building. This allowed one exhaust run on each floor to service these spaces.
33 The image to the left shows a cross section of our proposed building and provides views of the air handling units as well as the vertical, mechanical shafts. The air handling units (yellow) are housed in the attic space of our building. This is made possible by the use of our specially designed truss system which provides room for the mechanical equipment as well as required maintenance space. Each air handling unit is sized to provide 4,000 CFM to the building and has the capacity to handle two of our four floors. The air is circulated through our building through the 3 vertical shafts located just to the right of the air handling units. Housed in our air handling units, we will be using a heat recovery ventilation system. This system, diagrammed above, mixes outside air with return air to lower the temperature difference. This results in the outside air needing less treatment before it is supplied throughout the building and results in significant energy savings.
To address the ventilation needs of our building we decided to go with a VAV (Variable Air Volume) system. Each room contains its own VAV box, from which occupants can control the flow of supply air. This results in great temperature control for the occupants. In addition, we plan to use occupancy sensors to monitor the lighting and heating/cooling in the bedrooms, which requires the use of a VAV system.
Mechanical System
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
LIGHTING SYSTEM
In the community anchor space, warm color temperatures were utilized to give a residential feel to the space. Cove lighting was designed in the drop-ceilings to accentuate the floor openings. Direct lighting was incorporated in the downlight and pendant fixtures. The square downlights serve as task lighting for the students who will be working at the bar seating areas located on the second and fourth floors. The custom fixtures incorporated natural wooden materials as well. In the community jutout spaces, the same lighting design is incorporated with additional natural daylight into the space. There’s a curtain wall from the ground floor to the fourth floor with protruding study lounges on the ground and third floor.
35 12PM
3PM
6PM
9PM
In every hallway of the bedroom wings, circadian linear recessed fixtures were installed. This design mimics the color temperature of the sun with respect to different times of the day. With this design, students will not be exposed to harsh lighting conditions at night when they have to leave their bedrooms to go to the bathroom. This design also produces a huge increase in energy savings as opposed to having regular fixtures implemented with no circadian feature. In every bedroom, the same square downlights from the central spaces were incorporated and linear recessed fixtures were added to achieve required light levels. Each bedroom has a key card reader where students would use their Student ID’s to unlock their bedroom door. This reduces maintenance costs by eliminating the need for separate keys to be made and duplicated if lost. This key card reader also acts as an occupancy sensor within the room to again promote energy savings. This will allow lighting and HVAC control to be dictated by the student entering the space. When the student leaves the space, the occupancy sensor will turn the lights off and return HVAC temperatures to a standard setting in order to maximize energy savings. This use of a building automation system is made possible by our choice for a variable air volume mechanical system.
9PM
Lighting Design
LIGHTING SYSTEM
Analyses
CODE AND LIFE SAFETY PROVISIONS GROSS SQUARE FEET PER FLOOR
AREA OF REFUGE
OCCUPANT LOAD
1. 2. 3. 4.
Gross Square Feet / Square Foot per Occupant 18,000 / 200 = 90 occupants One Exit = Max of 10 Two Exits if greater than 10
Adequate space needs to be provided for those who aren’t able to use stairs to escape a fire or other emergency. This area is known as the area of refuge and the figure above shows our building’s dedicated space for this purpose. Also from the figure above, it can be observed that there is more than enough room to meet the area of refuge code. Another code similar to the area of refuge is the stairway width. Our 5’6” width is greater than 4’ and maintained throughout the staircase. The occupant load was calculated to determine the number of exits needed in the building. This process is shown to the left.
39 ADA BATHROOM LAYOUT
5’ Turning Diameter
EXIT ACCESS TRAVEL DISTANCE
248’ < 250’
163’ < 250’
To comply with ADA codes, a 5 foot turning diameter is required in all bathrooms, or “wet cores.” The image to the left shows how someone in a wheelchair can easily maneuver while in the space.
In the case of a fire, exits must be easily accessible to all occupants. This means that the nearest exit must be within a minimum distance from any point in the building. That minimum distance is 250 feet in a building with sprinklers. The floor plans to the left indicate that the distances from the stair towers at the end of each wing to the central stairwell are both less than 250 feet, making our building comply with the code.
Code Research
CODE AND LIFE SAFETY PROVISIONS
Design Summary
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