SIZE DOES MATTER
MICRO HOUSING: NOT JUST FOR HIGH DENSITY CITIES
TOKYO
NEW YORK
mir.no
SEATTLE
Masao Nishikawa
King 5
DETROIT: THE SHRINKING CITY
HIGHLAND PARK
Bing Maps
MICRO HOUSING:
AFFORDABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
HIGHLAND PARK MICHIGAN UNITED STATES
PERSONS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME $24,694
$60,895 $52,762
11.1% 14.3%
39.8%
HIGHLAND PARK MICHIGAN UNITED STATES
HOUSEHOLDER LIVING ALONE
28.4% 27%
45.5%
NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING BY THEMSELVES
1940-1950 2012
INCREASING INCREASING
Less than 10% 30%
Getting married later Divorce rate
SQUARE FEET PER
PERSON 2500
Persons per household
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0 1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1940
1950
1960
1970
SQUARE FEET PER
1980
1990
HOUSE 2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0.0
0.0
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the National Association of Home Builders
square feet
4.0
PER HOUSEHOLD
square feet
PERSONS
“The bills are really high. I am on a monthly plan. They want to charge me $180 for gas and lights. I am being charged extra for what I don’t use. I am struggling to try to make it.”
- Cheryll Davis Detroit Resident
COMPARATIVE ANNUAL ENERGY USE FOR SMALL VERSUS LARGE HOUSES
3000 sq ft
ST. LOUIS HEAT
$217
COOL $131
$190
1500 sq ft
R-19 walls R-30 ceilings double low-e vinyl windows R-4.4 doors
$445
BOSTON HEAT COOL
3000 sq ft
$181 $198
1500 sq ft
$378 $294
COMPARATIVE ANNUAL ENERGY USE FOR SMALL VERSUS LARGE HOUSES
3000 sq ft
ST. LOUIS
1500 sq ft
HEAT COOL $106
$190
$247
R-13 walls R-19 ceilings insulated glass vinyl windows R-2.1 doors
$445
BOSTON HEAT COOL
3000 sq ft
1500 sq ft
$297 $124
$378 $294
SUSTAINABLE: involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources
able to last or continue for a long time
- Merriam Webster
WOOD USE IN NEW SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES Total Wood
Interior Panels
Exterior Sheathing Hardwood Softwood
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1992
DEMOLISHED
DECONSTRUCTION
Joshua Gunter, The Plain Dealer
warmtraining.org
STRUCTURES ORDERED DEMOLISHED
structures to be demolished
DEMOLITION PROGRESS 10,000
structures ordered demolished demolition process complete
6,965 4,205
detroitworksprojects.com (February 2012)
HENRY FORD MOTOR COMPANY
thedetroitbureau.com
HIGHLAND PARK MICHIGAN UNITED STATES
AVERAGE COST PER SQUARE FOOT
$88.02
AVERAGE NEW HOME SQUARE FOOT
2,250
AVERAGE HOME OWNERSHIP RATE 38.5% 73.5% 66.1%
The Gladstone Sear Catalog
154 Beresford Street Highland Park
The Gladstone home featuring 3 bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen and bathroom sold via the Sears Roebuck Shopping Catalog as “Honor Bilt”
1,861 sq ft 1,000 sq ft un�inished basement Single Family 4 Bedroom 1 Bathroom
new construction today $163,805.22
CONSTRUCTION
footing foundation slab chimney porch spot footing
sill plate �loor joists basment stiars
sub �loor sill plate exterior walls interior walls double top plate
porch coloums �loor joists
sub �loor sill plate exterior walls interior walls double top plate
roof joists mechanical electrical plumbing
insulation drywall sheathing doors windows
interior �inishes exterior �inishes
DECONSTRUCTION
LAYER 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 2i
5b 5c
MATERIAL concrete concrete concrete brick concrete brick 2"x6" 2"x6" 2"x6" 3/4" osb 3/4" osb 2"x6" 2"x6" 2"x4" 2"x6" 2"x4" hardwood hardwood 2"x6" 3/4" osb 2"x6" 2"x6" 2"x4" 2"x6" 2"x4" hardwood hardwood 2"x6" 4"x4" 2"x6" 2"x8" 2"x8" 2"x8" 1/2" drywall 1/2" drywall 3/4" osb windows
5d
doors
2j
3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3g
4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 5a
USE basement footing basement foundation basement slab chimney porch footing porch spot footing sill plate �loor joist porch �loor joist sub�loor porch sub�loor sole plate exterior wall interior wall ext. top sill plate int. top sill plate basement stair riser basement stair tread �loor joist sub�loor sill plate exterior wall interior wall ext. top sill plate int. top sill plate basement stair riser basement stair tread �loor joist porch post porch roof joists porch rafters kitchen rafters rafters drywall �irst �loor drwall second �loor wall sheathing 3 - 0"x5' - 0" 3' - 4"x5' - 0" 3' - 2"x5' - 10" 3' - 5"x5' - 10" 2' - 8"x5' - 10" 3' - 0"x5' - 10" 2' - 8"x5' - 0" 1' -10"x3' - 0" 2' -10"x1' - 8" 3' - 0"x 8' - 0" 2' - 8"x 8' - 0" 2' - 6"x 8' - 0"
QUANTITY 287.0716 cu ft 1165.385 cu ft 334.3182 cu ft 229.9064 cu ft 18.3861 cu ft 10' - 6 1/16" cu ft 143' - 10 lf 991' - 2 5/16" lf 213' - 9/16" lf 1069.8056 sq ft 204.9167 sq ft 124' - 5 5/16" lf 1588' - 1 13/16" lf 1422' - 1 1/2" lf 145' - 10 5/16" lf 116' - 11 5/16" lf 15 13 984' - 5" lf 791.8689 sq ft 114' - 8" lf 1046' - 8" lf 1245' - 10" 114' - 8" lf 122' - 7" lf 15 13 736' - 0" lf 46' - 8" lf 223' - 4" lf 201' - 9 1/4" lf 244' - 3 11/16" lf 753' - 5 5/16" lf 3817.5447 sq ft 3141.4954 sq ft 4177.2424 Feet ² 7 2 3 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 17 1
MATERIAL concrete 2”x4” 2”x6” 2”x8” 4”x4” 3/4” osb doors windows
TOTAL 1805 cu ft 2907’ - 5” lf 6426’ - 1” lf 1199’ - 5” lf 46’ - 8” lf 6243.854 sq ft 20 27
RECYCLING vs. REUSE
RECYCLED
WOOD
�looring paneling mulch framing
BRICK
drainage media general �ill
CONCRETE
roads driveways foundation for pipes landscaping gabion baskets
ASPHALT SHINGLES road repair
METAL
melted and reformed
DRYWALL
concrete forms agricultural products cement manufacture
REUSED
SMALL HOME INPUTS
AVERAGE DETROIT HOME INPUTS
Single Story Built New Energy Ef�icient 1000 SqFt Home-0/Away-1 Heating - 72°F / Cooling - 75°F Heating - Natural Gas High Eff Cooling - Central Air - High Eff Solar + Electric Double Pane / BetterThanAverage Refrigerators - 1 / Freezers - 0 Clothes Washer - Energy Star Front Load Clothes Dryer - Natural Gas Dishwasher - Energy Star Cooking - Natural Gas None Incandescent: 0%, CFL: 0%, LED: 100% Pool - No HotTub-No
Multi Story Built 1949 or Before 2500 SqFt Home-0/Away-1 Heating 72°F / Cooling - 75°F Heating - Heat Pump w/Nat. Gas Cooling - Central Air Natural Gas Single Pane / Poor Refrigerators - 1 / Freezers - 0 Clothes Washer - Electric Clothes Dryer - Natural Gas Dishwasher - Electric Cooking - Natural Gas None Incandescent: 100%, CFL: 0%, LED: 0% Pool - No HotTub-No
SMALL HOME OUTPUTS
AVERAGE DETROIT HOME OUTPUTS
Estimated Annual Total Cost
Estimated Annual Total Cost
cooling: 33.2% heating: 47.9% water heat: 6.7% cooking: 5.7% refrigeration: 2.1% lighting: 1.8% appliances: 2.6%
Estimated Annual Total Cost Gas Electric Cooling $0 Heating $277 Refrigerators/Freezers $0 Lighting $0 Cooking $35 Water Heating $0 Dishwas er h $0 Clothes Washer $0 Clothes Dryer $10 Elec. Base Charge $0 Fuel Base Charge $120 Total Per Year $442 Average Per Month $37
$201 $14 $13 $11 $0 $40 $2 $1 $2 $114 $0 $399 $33
Total Cost $201 $290 $13 $11 $35 $40 $2 $1 $12 $114 $120 $841 $70
cooling: 41.6% heating: 46.0% water heat: 3.7% cooking: 1.3% refrigeration: 2.5% lighting: 4.2% appliances: 0.7%
Estimated Annual Total Cost Gas Electric Cooling $0 Heating $321 Refrigerators/Freezers $0 Lighting $0 Cooking $35 Water Heating $98 Dishwasher $0 Clothes Washer $0 Clothes Dryer $10 Elec. Base Charge $0 Fuel Base Charge $120 Total Per Year 584 Average Per Month $49
$1,101 $896 $67 $112 $0 $0 $4 $2 $2 $114 $0 $2,298 $192
Total Cost $1,101 $1,21 $67 $112 $35 $98 $4 $2 $12 $114 $120 $2,882 $240
SIZE DOES MATTER