Above & Beyond | Canada's Arctic Journal 2022 | 02

The Inflight Magazine for Canadian North

MARAPR 2022 | 02 YOURS TO KEEP

Snow Ghosts

Japanese Printmaking in the Arctic

Trekkers and Trappers

Aulavik National Park The Crossing Place

PM40050872

o www.arcticjournal.ca

Chris Avery ᑯᕆᔅ ᐄᕗᕆ

Dear Guest ᑐᕌᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑭᒪᔪᓄᑦ, Welcome aboard!

Johnny Adams ᔮᓂ ᐋᑕᒥ Executive Chairman of the Board, Canadian North ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᓂ, ᑲᓃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦ

ᑐᖖᒐᓱᒋᑦᓯ ᐃᑭᒪᑎᓪᓗᓯ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᑦᑎᓐᓂ!

We are embarking on our Inuit employment and development programs to better represent the customers and communities we serve and our Inuit ownership.

We have made big changes at Canadian North to increase Inuit employment.

With the hiring of a new Director of Inuit Employment and Talent Strategies, we are leveraging our unique capabilities to make a positive impact in the lives of those we serve by creating opportunities for Inuit and ensuring our environment is ready for our Inuit talent to thrive.

The new Canadian North Inuit Employment and Talent strategy aims to increase the number of Inuit employed by Canadian North, through programs that provide support for in‐demand skills to close the employ‐ ment gap between Inuit and non‐Inuit employees.

Inuksuit have been in Inuit homelands for a very long time; they set the roadmap for where our ancestors have been before, and they are landmarks to let us know we are on the right path. Canadian North’s Inuksuk marks our path forward and our Inuit Employment Strategy is built like an Inuksuk, on three pillars.

Serving as the base of our Inuksuk is Workplace & Culture, where building a strong foundation is key to our success. We are now providing cultural awareness training to all non‐Inuit staff to foster a sense of understanding, respect and belonging, which removes barriers for Inuit employees in the workplace.

The next pillar represents Workforce & Talent. Creating pathways for employment, with targeted approaches on youth, vocational age and experience hiring strategies, will ensure we provide the right development opportunities for Inuit to want to come work with us.

The last pillar in our strategy is Branding & Partnerships. We are only as strong as the collection of partnerships we build. Programs are in place to partner with local Inuit companies and organizations to help support the education and advancement of our Inuit employees and our future Inuit employees.

We are creating a place for Inuit to speak Inuktitut within our organization, as it not only benefits our employees, but our customers. We are very proud of the inaugural meeting of Inuit Ikajuqtigiit, the new voluntary Inuit Resource Group at Canadian North. It is meant to be a safe space for Inuit to discuss ideas and look within to find solutions to daily challenges.

Our Inuit employees are the backbone that make us unique and are the faces, voices and the reflection of who we are within the communities we serve. If you are Inuk and/or share our values and want to join the experience in an exciting future with all kinds of opportunities at Cana‐ dian North, we welcome you aboard.

Nakurmiik, quyanainni, qujannamiik, matna, quana, mahsi cho, merci and thank you,

ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ

Chris Avery President and CEO Canadian North

ᑯᕆᔅ ᐄᕗᕆ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᑲᓃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦ

ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᓕᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᓲᕆᔭᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖓ. ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᙳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒃᓴᖏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᑖᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔪᙱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ, ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓗᑕ ᐃᓱᐊᓈᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᓗᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᕗᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᔪᙱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᐊᓂᑦᑎᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓄᑖᖅ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒃᓴᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔪᙱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᑦ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕆᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᙱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᒪᑐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᒋᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑯᓂᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᖅ; ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᕚᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᒦᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕆᔭᕗᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓂᐊᙱᓪᓗᑕ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒃᑯᑦ. ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕆᔭᕗᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖏᑕ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᑎᑐᑦ, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᑐᙵᕝᕕᒻᒥ. ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᙵᕝᕕᖓ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅ, ᓴᓇᓗᓂ ᓴᙱᔪᒥᒃ ᑐᙵᕝᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᐱᐊᓂᑦᑎᐊᕈᑎᒋᓗᒍ. ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᓕᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑭᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑎᒍᓯᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᐊᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᐲᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᒻᒥ. ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖓ ᑐᙵᕝᕕᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔪᙱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒃᓴᓄᑦ, ᐊᔪᙱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᓄᑦ, ᐊᔪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒃᓴᓄᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓄᑦ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᓈᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᐊᓈᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕆᐊᕈᒪᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓂ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅ ᑐᙵᕝᕕᒃ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᒋᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ. ᓴᖏᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ. ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓐᓂᐊᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕈᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓯᕗᓂᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ. ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᓂᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᒋᔭᑦᑎᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᒋᙱᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦᑕᐅᖅ. ᐅᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᑦ, ᓄᑖᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᓱᕐᓇᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᑦ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ. ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓂᒃᓴᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒌᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓱᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᕗᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖃᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑮᓇᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᓂᐱᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᒥ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓅᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ/ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᔪᒪᓐᓂᕈᕕᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐃᓕᔪᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᐊᓈᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ, ᑐᙵᓱᒃᑎᑦᑎᕗᒍᑦ ᐱᖃᑎᒋᓗᑕ. ᓇᑯᕐᒦᒃ, ᖁᔭᓇᐃᓐᓂ, ᖁᔭᓐᓇᒦᒃ, ᒪᑦᓇ, ᖁᐊᓇ, ᒫᓯ ᓲᐅ, ᒥᕐᓰ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᔭᓐᓇᒦᒃ

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᐅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓ Employee Spotlight | Iqqanaijaqtiup Ujjirijautitauninga

ᒪᐃᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ | Mike Innuksuk ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓴᖅᑭᓯᒪᐃᓐᓇᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ

75 ᐅᑭᐅᑦ

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᕗᑦ

As Canadian North grew and developed over the past 75 years, our longtime employees have been growing along‐ side us as well. Many, like Mike Innuk‐ suk, were there by our side to help us achieve our most notable milestones.

Now, having been with Canadian North for over 28 years, Mike is well known among the Team and has grown his career in aviation alongside us as an inseparable member of the Canadian North family.

ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ, ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᖅ

ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ.

ᐊᒥᓱᑦ,

ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᒪᐃᒃ ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓵᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᓂ ᐱᐊᓂᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᖅᑐᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ. ᒫᓐᓇ, ᑕᐃᒪᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ 28 ᐅᑭᐅᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ, ᒪᐃᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖓᓂᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓵᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᑕᐃᒪᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᒃᑐᓂᑦ. ᓯᕗᓪᓖᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᒻᒥ-

In the early days of his career in aviation, Mike started out as a Cargo Attendant in Igloolik, Nunavut, where he got a feel for the industry and made many friends along the way. Mike later left this position to pursue his pilot’s license in Moncton, New Brunswick. After completing his training, Mike returned to Nunavut and began his career as a pilot flying the Twin Otter.

ᓲᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᒪᐃᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ,

ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᓕᖅᑐᓂ

ᓴᓇᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᒧᑦ

ᐊᒻᒪ

ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᓕᐅᖅᑐᓂ. ᒪᐃᒃ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᐊᒍ ᕿᒪᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᒋᔭᖓ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᖅᑎᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓚᐃᓴᑖᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᒪᖕᑕᓐ, ᓂᐅ ᐳᕋᔅᕕᒥ. ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᒫᓂᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᒪᐃᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᖅᑎᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᒪᕐᕈᓕᒥᑦ. ᒫᓐᓇ, ᐅᑭᐅᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ, ᒪᐃᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖓ ᐅᖓᕙᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ ATR-42. ᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂ, “ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᓗᓂ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖓ ᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᓗᓂ 9 5 ᒧᑦ. ᐱᔪᒪᓂᖃᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᑭᓯᐊᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᓗᓂ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᐊᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ.” ᒪᐃᒃ ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᒍᓱᒃᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖃᙱᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ ᓄᑖᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ. ᒪᐃᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕈᒪᓂᖓ ᑎᒻᒥᓲᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᑦ

ᖄᖏᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ,

ᒪᐃᒃ

ᖃᖓᑦᑕᐃᓯᒪᔪᖅ

ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ

ᐃᓚᓐᓈᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ

ᐊᒻᒪ

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᒋᔭᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᐅᔨᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ. “ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᒍᓱᒃᑐᖓ ᑕᑯᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᓇᐅᙱᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑐᐊᕕᕐᓇᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᑮᓇᖏᑦ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐅᐸᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐅᐸᒃᓯᒪᙱᓕᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ.” ᒪᐃᒃ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᙱᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᐃᑎᒐᐃᑦ ᖁᓛᑎᒍᑦ, ᓇᓂᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᐃᒐᕝᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒍ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ − ᒪᐃᒃ ᐃᒐᑦᑎᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᕿᓂᑦ! ᒪᐃᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᖅ. ᐸᕐᓇᒃᓯᒪᕕᒃ

ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ

ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ

ᐊᒻᒪ

ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ

ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᓂᖅ

ᒪᐃᒃᑐᑦ? ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑖᖏᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᒋᔭᑦᑎᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕆ ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᒋᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᕐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᐃᑎᐊᓐ ᓄᐊᑦᒥ: https://canadiannorth.com/about/careers/

Now, years later, Mike’s career has taken him to his current position as Captain on the ATR‐42. As he explains, “A career in aviation is not like any other 9 to 5 job. It takes dedication, understanding and sometimes extended hours to be successful”. Mike loves that every day in aviation is different and with each day comes a new adventure.

Mike’s passion for his career lies in the people he has met along the way. Over the years, Mike has flown many of his friends and coworkers across our network and seen them reunite with their families. “I like seeing people connect over the holidays. When the rush is on, you can see the happiness on the faces of passengers flying to see their families whom they may not have seen for a while.”

When Mike isn’t flying thousands of feet above us, you may find him behind his barbecue, especially during the summer months — Mike knows how to cook a steak perfectly!

Mike’s years of service at Canadian North don’t go unnoticed and seeing him grow into a position he loves is something truly admirable.

Are you ready to begin a rewarding and exciting career like Mike’s?

We are regularly hiring for various positions across our network.

Check our website to see where your Canadian North journey can begin: https://canadiannorth.com/about/careers/

From the Flight Deck How are runways named?

One of the key features of an airport are the runways. Airports can range from having just a single runway to the level of complexity of Chicago O’Hare that has eight. When you ask a pilot though, they will say that each airport has twice as many runways as you may think, since we can land in either direction on each one. That would mean that our smaller airports have two runways and Chicago has 16. With that many runways to choose from, it’s important that we develop a system to ensure all pilots and air traffic controllers are easily able to identify which runway is which without anyone getting confused.

Just like city streets, every runway and taxiway at an airport is given a name. Each runway is assigned a number for a name.

(Taxiways get assigned letters.) It’s not as easy as starting at 1 and counting to 16 though. The numbers are chosen and represent the orientation of the runway.

A Canadian North ATR on the runway in Pond Inlet, Nunavut. © Annie Thomlinson

To figure out the number, we compare the orientation of the

That works well for the simpler airports but at some larger

runway to north. We simply start by facing north and then measure

airports they build two (or even sometimes three) runways that are

how many degrees we need to turn right to line up with the direction

parallel to each other. In those cases, the runways would all have the

of the runway. If the runway points to the east, we have to turn 90

same number assigned to them. When that happens, there is still a

degrees. Turning 135 degrees will make us point southeast, south

simple solution – we add a letter based on the order of the runways

would be 180 degrees and west would be 270 degrees. That could

as we see them when we are landing — the one on the left has an

make a three‐digit number though, so, to make things easier, we

“L” added and the one on the right gets an “R” added to the name.

round that number to the nearest 10 degrees and then drop the last

(If they have three, the centre runway gets a “C”.)

zero to leave us with two digits. That means that a runway that points

If you are looking out the window while the aircraft is taxiing,

southeast would be runway 14 (135 would round to 140, and then

you will notice the signs at each intersection that signal the various

drop the zero) and a runway that faces south would be 18. This

runway and taxiway names. Those signs identify each end of the runway,

process may sound complicated, but it makes things very easy when

so you’ll also normally see two numbers on the sign. Likewise, if the

we are flying. Since the runway number is based on the direction of

pilot tells you that you are taking off from runway 27, you know that

the runway, and all aircraft have a compass on board, we can simply

you’ll be taking off towards the west.

glance at our compass to confirm we are lined up with the correct runway. When we are using runway 18, our compass will show 180 degrees, or we should see 270 degrees if we are using runway 27.

If we ever see a significant difference between our compass heading and the runway we are planning to use, it would be a clear sign that we are looking at the wrong runway.

Captain Aaron Speer Vice President, Flight Operations Canadian North If you are curious about a specific topic regarding flying and aircraft operations, let us know what you’d like to learn about and we’ll try to include it in a future column. Email: editor@arcticjournal.ca

Contents

March|April 2022 Volume 34, No. 2

8

22

26

31

Features

Departments

08 Snow Ghosts

13 Living Above&Beyond 21 Resources 38 Science Nunavik Walrus Migration

Less snow leads to camouflage mismatch — Dominique Fauteux

22 Trekkers and Trappers

— Laura M. Martinez-Levasseur & Johnny A. Oovaut

Abandoned cabins make camping life more civilized for adventurous hikers

42 Science How Bowhead Whales Adapt — Tommy Pontbriand

— Vivien Lougheed

46 Qarjuit Youth Council

26 Aulavik National Park

— Elisapie Lamoureux

The crossing place

48 Bookshelf 50 Inuit Forum

— Kyle Mustard

31 From Woodblock to Stonecut

— Natan Obed, President, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

The indigenization of Japanese printmaking in Arctic Canada Cover photo: Visitors by their tent beside the Thomsen river. © Parks Canada/T.Garnham

— Claire Foussard

Publisher: above&beyond ltd.

Managing Editor: Doris Ohlmann doris@arcticjournal.ca Advertising: 613-257-4999 Toll Free: 1-877-2ARCTIC 1-877-227-2842 (Canada only) advertising@arcticjournal.ca Design: Robert Hoselton, Beat Studios above&beyond ltd., (aka above&beyond, Canada’s Arctic Journal) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian North, and a media instrument intended solely to entertain and provide general information about the North.The views and opinions expressed in editorial content, advertisements, or by contributors, do not necessarily reflect the views, official positions or policies of Canadian North, its agents, or those of above&beyond magazine unless expressly stated. above&beyond ltd. does not assume any responsibility for any errors and/or omissions of any content in the publication. Reproduction in whole or part without permission is prohibited.

We welcome contributions but assume no responsibility for unsolicited material. Send to editor@arcticjournal.ca.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

Read above&beyond, Canada’s Arctic Journal, online: arcticjournal.ca or issuu.com/Arctic_Journal Visit us on facebook/arcticjournal.ca or www.twitter.com/arcticjournal

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7

SUPPORTED BY CANADIAN NORTH

ᐊᐳᑎᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑦᓯᐊᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᐳᑎᑭᓗᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᖅ ᑖᒥᓂᒃ ᕙᑐ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᖓ

ᐅᑲᓕᐅᕋᓗᐊᖅᑲᑦ, ᐊᕕᙵᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ 21-ᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᑕ ᑕᖅᓴᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓲᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ, ᖃᑯᖅᓯᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᖃᓲᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑦᓯᐊᓂᐊᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᐳᑎᒥᑦ ᐆᒪᑦᓯᐊᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕᓗ. ᑕᐃᒫᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ, ᐊᒪᕈᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᓲᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᒥᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᓂᕆᔭᑦᓴᖅᓯᐅᑦᓯᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖏᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ.

ᐊ

ᓄᑖᖑᔪᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᓂᑦ

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᖅᑰᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓲᑦ. ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐃᔾᔪᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ, ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒥᖓ

ᓱᓗᓂᑦ ᐊᕿᒡᒋᓂᑦ. ᐊᑦᓱᕈᖅᓱᑎᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ,

ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᖅᑰᑎᑦᑎᓲᖅ ᐅᕕᓂᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ, ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᑦᑐᒥᑦ

ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓂᑰᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓲᖅ ᐅᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᑦᓱᓂᐅᒃ

ᐊᓂᕐᓂᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᕿᐅᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ -50 ᓯᐊᓪᓯᐊᔅᒥᒃ!

(ᓯᓚ ᖃᐅᒪᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ) ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᒪᓕᙱᖔᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᐳᑎᒥᓲᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᐅᐱᕐᖓᑦᓵᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᒪᑯᑖᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᑦ ᐊᒦᔭᓕᑕᐅᓐᓇᓲᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᒥᑦ

ᑎᒻᒥᐊᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᓅᖃᑦᑕᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑎᑐᑦ, ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ “ᐊᓯᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᔫᔮᓲᑦ”

ᒥᖅᑯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ, ᐃᔾᔪᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ, ᑕᖅᓴᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ ᐊᒥᕐᒧᑦ.

ᕐᕌᒍᒐᓵᓗᓐᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᕈᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑦ

ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓂᖏᑦᑎᑐᑦ, ᐊᒥᖏᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓱᓗᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ

ᐊᐳᑎᒥᑦ... ᐆᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ.

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᕕᙵᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑐᑦᓯᐊᖅ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ. ᐊᕕᙵᐊᑉ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑕ ᐃᓱᖏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑖᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ ᓯᐊᓐᓇᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᔫᔪᑦ. ᓴᓂᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ.

A northern collared lemming seen near Cambridge Bay, Nunavut. The tips of the lemming’s hair are white, but the under hair is dark grey or brown. See sidebar. © Mathilde Poirier

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ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ 12-ᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒥᖏᑕ ᑕᖅᓴᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ.

Peary caribou. This species is one of 12 mammals in Canada that undergo a change in coat colour in winter. © Canadian Museum of Nature

ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐊᑦᓱᕉᑕᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓄᑦ

ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᒥᖅᑯᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᖁᓛᓂ ᓴᐅᒥᐊᓂ: ᐅᑲᓕᖅ: ᐊᑑᓂ ᓴᐅᒥᐊᓂ: ᑎᕆᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑲᓕᖅ; ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᓂ: ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᕕᙵᖅ.

Specimens in the Canadian Museum of Nature’s collections show both the variations of winter and summer coats among species, as well as the subtle differences in the hair. Top left: Snowshoe hare; Bottom left: ermine and Arctic hare; Right: Northern collared lemming. © Dominique Fauteux, Canadian Museum of Nature

ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ−ᑐᕌᖓᓕᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ “ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ”. ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓯᕗᓕᖅᐹᒥᑦ “ᐊᐅᔾᔮᙱᑦᑐᖅ” ᐊᐱᑯᑖᕋᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐊᐅᓴᕋᐃᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᑦᓴᒥᑦ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᐳᑎᖃᙱᑯᑖᓕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ. ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐃᑦ

ᐊᒥᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑎᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ “ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑦᓯᐊᖏᑦᑐᑦ” ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᑖᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ

ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓲᑦ ᐊᐳᑎᖃᙱᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓂᑦ, ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓴᕋᐃᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᓗ

ᓱᓕ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦ. ᐊᕕᙵᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑲᓖᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᔮᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᒍᑦ

ᓂᕆᒐᓱᐊᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓴᕋᐃᓕᖅᓱᑎᒃ.

ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑕ ᐃᓱᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑖᒍᑦ ᓯᐊᕐᓇᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᔫᔪᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑦ

ᐅᑲᓖᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓴᕋᐃᒍᓐᓇᕋᓗᐊᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓲᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᕋᑖᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑲᓖᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᓖᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᒥᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑲᑕ ᐊᐳᑎᒧᑦ, ᐆᒪᑯᑖᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓲᑦ ᐅᑲᓕᕐᓂᒃ ᓱᓕ ᑯᔫᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᔭᖅᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᓕᓐᓂᒃ, ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ. ᑲᒪᓇᖅᑐᖃᐃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᐳᑎᑎᑐᑦ−ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᓱᕉᑎᖃᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᓚ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐱᓗᐊᙳᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓗᐃᑦ ᕼᐋᓐᓇᓚᒐᓴᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᓐᑎᒐᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᒥᓕᐊᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓐᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓱᖏᐅᑎᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦᑕ ᐊᐳᑎᖃᙱᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᕈᑕᐅᓪᓚᕆᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕋᔭᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ.

A B O V E + B E Y O N D

A B O V E

B E Y O N D

ᓘᑦᑖᖅ ᑖᒥᓂᒃ ᕙᑐ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᖁᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐆᒪᓂᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᕕᙵᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐃᓂᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒋᓲᖏᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᓕᕆᔨᓄᑦ, ᐃᐊᕐ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᓕᕆᔨᓄᑦ, ᑐᑦᑕᕐᕕᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐴᓚ ᓯᐊᓪᕝ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᑦᓴᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᙶᖅᑐᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕆᔭᖓ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᓲᖏᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐴᓚ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

ᑕᑯᒃᑭᑦ), ᐅᖅᑰᑎᑦᑎᓲᑦ ᓯᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ. ᑕᐃᒫᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᐸᓗᒃ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕆᐊᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒥᓖᑦ ᐅᕕᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᓱᐊᓄᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐅᑲᓖᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓄᖔᕐᓕ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ ᑖᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᖏᑦ ᐊᑖᒍᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦᑕ ᓱᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ!

Differences among hair Each of these Arctic “ghost” species evolved white coats that are still morphologically different. The fur coat of lemmings and snowshoe hares may look white on the outside due to the white hair tips, but the under hair is dark grey or brown (see pictures), which may help absorb radiation of the visible spectrum from the sun.

In contrast, Arctic foxes or ermines have white winter hair from the base to the tip. Arctic hares have the opposite pattern with summer coats made of hair with dark tips and white under hair. Why such differences exist remain to be resolved!

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Snow ghosts Less snow leads to camouflage mismatch

By Dominique Fauteux Whether it is a snowshoe hare, a collared lemming or any of the 21 species around the world that change colour in winter, turning white helps these animals blend with the snowy environment to become less visible and increase survival. Similarly, wolves and polar bears that remain white year-round are only found in Arctic latitudes, helping them approach their prey without being seen during the cold season. ᐃᔾᔪᔪᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒥᖓ, ᑕᑭᔫᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᒥᖅᑯᖏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᒥᑦ ᐅᖅᑰᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ.

The dense winter coat, made of long white guard hair, of an Arctic fox provides highly efficient insulation to protect the animal from extreme temperatures. © Canadian Museum of Nature

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F

or many years, scientists wondered what drove the growth of new white hair in these mammals, or new white feathers in rock or willow ptarmigans. Through exhaustive, but

relatively simple experiments, most evidence shows that the main cause for this seasonal molt is a variable photoperiod (changes in daylight over time) rather than temperature. Even though these snow mammals and birds don’t migrate south like many others, they also seem to slowly “disappear” in the snowy landscape…while still surviving in their northern habitats.

In addition to camouflage, changing fur or feathers in winter provides highly efficient insulation. For example, the highly dense, winter fur of Arctic foxes traps a lot of air next to the skin, protecting them from the ambient air. They are known to only start shivering when temperatures reach below -50˚C! In response to the increasing day length in spring, Arctic foxes then shed their dense white fur for a much shorter, and less dense, dark fur coat.

Climate change is creating a new challenge for animals that typically turn white in winter—leading to “camouflage mismatch”.

As temperatures rise, the first “permanent” snow takes more time to settle, and it melts faster in spring, increasing the period without snow over the year. White animals then stand out from their snowless environments, and they become easily detected by predators or their prey.

Although hares may become more easily detected by predators, recent studies have shown that hares with dense white winter fur, even if mismatched with snow arrival, had higher survival rates than hares that still had their brown summer fur, possibly owing to better protection against cold temperatures.

2021-ᒥᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᐊᖅᑎᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓄᑦ ᓂᐱᓲᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᓯᓲᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ. ᑖᒥᓂᒃ ᕙᑐ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ. ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊᖑᔪᑦ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᑦ, ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑐᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᕕᙵᖅ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑲᓕᖅ.

In 2021, Canada Post issued a set of stamps featuring Canadian mammals that all turn white in winter. Dominique Fauteux was the advisor for the series. The featured animals are the ermine, the Peary caribou, the northern collared lemming, the Arctic fox, and the snowshoe hare.

Canada Post © 2021

Perhaps it is ironic that these snow-white animals are experiencing new challenges in the face of a warming climate, especially knowing that they went through extreme adaptations hundreds-of-thousands to millions of years ago in order to survive in some of the coldest regions of the planet.

Watching how these species will adapt to the declining snow period may just be one of the most direct observations of how A B O V E + B E Y O N D

wildlife will respond to climate change.

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Dr. Dominique Fauteux is a research scientist and mammologist with the Canadian Museum of Nature. For more than a decade, he has been researching the ecology of lemming populations at numerous field sites in Canada’s Arctic. His fieldwork is supported

by Canadian North, Air Inuit, the Centre for Northern Studies, and the Polar Shelf Continental Program of Natural Resources Canada. His current research is done in collaboration with Polar Knowledge Canada.

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ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᓯᓲᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᒐᔪᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᑲᓕᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒍᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᓂᖃᕐᕕᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᐸᓯᕕᒃ ᐱᖓᓐᓇᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᔾᔭᖓᓂ ᓄᐊᔅ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᑦ, ᐅᑲᓖᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᓯᓯᒪᒐᑎ.

While some of the mammals that turn white in winter reside solely in the Arctic, the snowshoe hare is also found in boreal habitats. Along the Pacific coast of North America, snowshoe hares also have been seen in winter without white coats. © Canadian Museum of Nature

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LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Toy Drive brings holiday cheer to Nunavut hamlets

Shelly De Caria, Senior Director, Sales & Community Investments for Canadian North, chooses the book Sweetest Kulu to add to the Toy Drive toys, at Mastermind Toys in Kanata, Ontario. © Sam Wauchope (5)

Canadian North completed another successful Toy Drive this past holiday season with deliveries made to children in the Hamlets of Kimmirut, Clyde River, and Taloyoak in Nunavut. As the fourth year of this initiative, Canadian North staff and partners, including Canada Goose and Mastermind Toys in Ottawa and Edmonton, raised over $17,000, with funds going towards purchasing new toys for the children.

“Not only is this event so important to the children of these communities, but it also creates an opportunity for our employees to give back,” says Shelly De Caria, Senior Director, Sales & Community Investments. “Many of the toys offered by Mastermind Toys are not available in our communities, which makes this even more special for the kids.”

“The Toy Drive reminds us of our mission to meaningfully improve the lives of the communities we serve,” says Chris Avery, Canadian North President and CEO. “Each year our hope for the Toy Drive is to show our communities that we care and to show our staff that their support makes a direct impact to these kids.”

We invite you watch the video of Toy Drive 2021 here: ttps://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=jels2e96Bo0 ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

Above left. Shelly De Caria presents a wrapped toy to a child in Kimmirut, Nunavut.

Above right: Shelly De Caria and Michal Jarocki, Chief Duty Manager, Scheduled Operations, from Canadian North, purchase toys for the annual toy drive.

Left: Big smiles as children receive gifts from the Canadian North Toy Drive in Kimmirut, Nunavut.

Below: Local police help Shelly De Caria distribute toys to families in Kimmirut, Nunavut.

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LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Sea ice and climate change researcher receives award

David Barber. © University of Manitoba

In December, David Barber was awarded the Northern Science Award. The Northern Science Award is presented annually to an individual or group who has made a significant contribution to meritorious knowledge and understanding of the Canadian North and recognizes the transformation of knowledge into action.

David Barber, Distinguished Professor of Environment and Geography at the University of Manitoba, is one of the world’s foremost researchers in Arctic System Science. Over three decades of research, he has contributed new knowledge that is fundamental to Canada’s understanding of sea ice and climate change in the Arctic.

Dr. Barber is acutely aware of the power and value of Inuit knowledge, and over the course of his career has built and maintained strong relationships with Inuit knowledge holders. He integrates Indigenous perspectives into his research and has trained a generation of young scientists to respect the research needs and questions of Indigenous communities.

Through the Northern Science Award of $10,000 and Centenary Medal, Polar Knowledge Canada recognizes the outstanding merit of David Barber’s contributions to Canada.

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ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Garment collection benefits Inuit programs Canada Goose launched its 2022 Project Atigi collection in January, designed in partnership with renowned Inuk fashion designer, Victoria Kakuktinniq.

Project Atigi — “atigi” meaning “parka” in Inuktitut — is a social entrepreneurship program that honours and celebrates the legacy, craftsmanship and traditions of Inuit women in Canada’s North. Kakuktinniq joins Canada Goose as Guest Designer, creating three limited-edition outerwear styles, where proceeds will again benefit Inuit communities across Canada through Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK), the national

representational organization for Inuit in Canada.

Kakuktinniq is known for fusing traditional garments with modern style.

She brought this iconic approach to the collection, bringing the characteristics of traditional Inuit garments — hoods, hems and trims — together with modern silhouettes. The rich colour palette of this collection evokes the Northern Lights, representing the night sky from the designer’s hometown of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut. As well, each style is finished with tattoo trim, a special and important

design feature from Kakuktinniq.

Inuit have a long history of traditional tattooing, with their designs and meanings varying between people and communities.

Proceeds from the first and second Project Atigi collections totaled more than $165,000, supporting self-directed Inuit education, employment and cultural preservation programs through ITK. This year’s goal is expected to exceed the combined proceeds of the two earlier collections.

The Project Atigi 2022 collection is unveiled: Actress Marika Sila (L) models the Kakuktinniq Parka in dark jade green; singer, Shina Novalinga (C) sports the Kakuktinniq Down Jacket in amethyst; and model Willow Allen (R) wears the Kakuktinniq Jacket in dark azure. © Canada Goose

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LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Outdoor education, mental health and climate change initiatives compete for AIP On March 4, 2022, the AIP will announce its newest laureates in a virtual ceremony.

This year’s ceremony will be a pan-Arctic celebration with a retrospective of the past 10 years. The ceremony will also feature northern musical performances and art. The ceremony will be hosted by northern artists and performers Laakkuluk Williamson Bathory and William Greenland with lead artistic director Leela Gilday.

Performances include PIQSIQ, Dena Zagi and the Huqqullaaqatigiit Drum Dancers.

Ten exceptional “by the North, for the North” projects have been selected as finalists for this year’s prize.

Dena Zagi: Dennis Shorty & Jennifer Fröhling will play during the Arctic Inspiration Prize ceremony. © Brian Ladue

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$1 MILLION CATEGORY FINALISTS: CANAPY – Collective Action for Naturebased Active Play and Youth Employment Team Leaders: Maxime Crawford-Holland and Jenyfer Neumann This project aims to create a three-year, Yukon-wide youth employment program for secondary students in the recreation field and free, accessible, after-school programming.

Ilagiitigut anngiangijaqatigiinnirq ilurqusivuttigut Team Leaders: George Kauki and Sarah May This project would bring together elders, addiction counsellors, hunters, scholars and community members to address the root causes of addiction in Nunavik. The proposal includes a new 32-bed facility to support families following the recovery program together.

AIP CATEGORY (UP TO $500,000) FINALISTS: Fish Camp at Happy’s Landing Team Leader: Diane E Koe This project proposes hosting a traditional fishing camp in the Northwest Territories for young people, elders and others. The dryfish produced would be shared among camp attendees and with Gwich’in families and elders in the community who cannot make their own.

Hope House Team Leader: Peggy Day Hope House in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region aims to provide clients experiencing homelessness with supports including mental health counselling and referrals to rehabilitation, social housing programs, and labour market opportunities.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Huqqullaaqatigiit Cambridge Bay drum dancers will perform at the 10th anniversary of the Arctic Inspiration Prize. © Qaggiavuut

Indigenous Community Safety Partnership Program Team Leader: Gina Nagano This project hopes to empower Yukon First Nations to address root causes of inter-generational trauma, violence, and vulnerability, through first-of-its-kind Indigenous-led training, certification and mentorship.

Miinga – Mental Health Resource Mobile App Team Leader: Diana Selguero Miinga proposes to develop a mobile app that would provide Nunavummiut with a directory for mental health and emergency resources in the territory.

Supporting Wellbeing Team Leader: Rachel Cluderay This project proposes to develop a training program that would provide tools and resources for people who deliver land-based programming in the Northwest Territories.

Tuktoyaktuk Community Climate Resiliency Project Team Leader: Kendyce Cockney This project plans to help prepare the community to make difficult decisions ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

regarding climate change, including possible relocation.

YOUTH CATEGORY (UP TO $100,000) FINALISTS: Indigenous Youth River Guide Training Team Leader: Angela Koe-Blake This program aims to remove barriers and create opportunities for youth to learn land-based skills such as flatwater and whitewater canoeing, wilderness medicine and whitewater rescue training to become wilderness guides in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.

Treaty Talks Team Leader: Jacey Firth-Hagen This project plans to bring education back to the land by creating an On the Land Treaty Education Camp for youth, elders and community members in the Northwest Territories.

Each winning team will receive a piece of original artwork that represents the themes of the laureate teams. Each of this year’s pieces were created by a past AIP laureate or finalist, helping to connect the past 10 years of impact with the work that is about to come to life.

PIQSIQ: sisters Inuksuk Mackay and Tiffany Ayalik are Inuit throat singers from Arctic Canada. © PIQSIQ

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Inuit beneficiaries receive education support

Tyler Akeeagok. © Tyler Akeeagok

The recipients of the 2021 Canadian North bursary have been announced.

Tyler Akeeagok of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, and Amanda Akeeagok of Arctic Bay, Nunavut, were each awarded $2,500.

The Canadian North Bursary is awarded to a deserving student who is

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Amanda Akeeagok. © Amanda Akeeagok

registered or actively attending a post-secondary program. The program must be related to an area that allows for employment opportunities with Canadian North Airlines in the future.

To be eligible, the recipients must also be a beneficiary of any one of

the Inuit land claims agreements in Inuit Nunangat.

To enter applicants wrote an essay and shared what receiving the Bursary would mean to them and why they have chosen their current postsecondary program.

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LIVING ABOVE&BEYOND

Bell Let’s Talk grant supports Northern youths mental health

Hector Inuksaq and Terrence Qavvik (from Kugaaruk, Nunavut) participate in a Jackpine canoe trip in Yellowknife. Next summer’s Jackpine trips will be directly impacted by Bell Let’s Talk funding with the participation of an experienced wilderness counsellor for mental health joining the group. © Ayalik

In January, the Bell Let’s Talk Community Fund donated $22,000 to the Canadian Canoe Foundation and the Ayalik Fund’s programs. For the past seven years, the Ayalik Fund has been providing experiences for Inuit youth. The Canadian Canoe Foundation has been a partner in support of these programs since 2018.

The Bell Let’s Talk Community Fund provides grants to community-based mental health organizations and initiatives

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throughout the country working to provide opportunities for young people to live better lives.

The Ayalik Fund’s mandate is to give Inuit youth from Nunavut who would otherwise not have such opportunities a chance to build self-esteem and confidence through challenging outdoor experiences like canoe trips, meeting other young Canadians, and socialcultural exploration.

In the summer of 2022, three major canoe trips sponsored by the Canadian Canoe Foundation and the Ayalik Fund will provide opportunities for 25 Inuit youth, ages 14 to 17. Youth participants for these trips are selected from communities across Nunavut, with a view to supporting those facing life challenges, who may be experiencing difficult circumstances.

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ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

RESOURCES

NUNAVIK Metallurgical collaboration supports deposit Based on the drilling to date, Commerce Resources Corp. anticipates a large portion of Ashram’s current inferred and indicated resources will be converted to indicated and measured resources. The relatively high NdPr oxide distribution at Ashram is a result of the monazite dominate rare earth mineralogy and unique chemistry and equates to a relatively high-value end-product that Ashram could supply the market with over the long-term. The drill holes continue to re-enforce the strong mineralization in this area of the deposit.

The company has entered a metallurgical collaboration with Corem in support of flowsheet development for the Ashram Rare Earth and Fluorspar Deposit. The test programs for the Company’s Ashram Deposit will form part of a larger rare earth element (REE) research and development initiative, which includes several other REE projects in Quebec.

The initiative is being spearheaded by Corem in collaboration with Quebec’s Ministère de l’Énergie et des Resources naturelles (MERN).

The initiative’s key objectives are to advance critical and strategic mineral projects in Quebec and to develop technology to promote the start-up of a REE industry in the province. The Company will develop alternative methodologies for standard processes of extraction and separation to reduce environmental impacts and to enhance the social acceptability of the projects.

The Company is working closely with Corem to develop the test program best suited for the current stage of development of the Ashram Deposit’s flowsheet and has shipped approximately 1 tonne of Ashram bulk sample material to Corem’s facilities in Quebec. Test work is anticipated to include grinding studies to reduce generation of fines, testing for additional REE recovery from flotation tailings, magnetic separation optimization and equipment selection, as well as optimization of reagent dosage in the Project’s flotation circuit. Select hydrometallurgical test work is also anticipated.

NUNAVUT Phase 2 awaits approval Baffinland would like to thank the NIRB for conducting an extensive and comprehensive review of the Phase 2 Project Proposal, and ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

the Inuit residents and Nunavummiut from the Qikiqtani Region who participated in the review process. The Company is especially grateful to the communities of the North Baffin, particularly the five most directly impacted communities of Arctic Bay, Clyde River, Igloolik, Pond Inlet, and Sanirajak.

The Inuit-centered mitigations that have been developed with their feedback are enforceable, detailed, specific, and unique to North Baffin and the explicitly stated needs and preferences of Inuit residents.

They reflect a profound commitment to direct Indigenous involvement in operation decision making that, to Baffinland’s knowledge, exceeds that of any major industrial project in Canada. This, taken together with the mitigations that have been developed based on the best available western science and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ), means Inuit can count on robust protection against significant adverse effects from mining and substantial benefits from the Phase 2 expansion.

If Phase 2 is approved, royalties to Inuit are conservatively estimated at $2.4 billion based on the current size of the known mineral resource at the Mary River Project.

Communities will experience increased employment and significant direct investment, including annual payments to support harvesting and wildlife programs, investment in needed infrastructure, and funding for daycares and skills training centres in each of the five impacted communities.

Some of the notable mitigations and actions Baffinland has undertaken to resolve Inuit concerns include: increased Inuit-led monitoring, commitment not to commence shipping until land-fast ice has broken along the entire shipping corridor, establishment of restricted areas where vessels cannot travel, and adjustments to the railway routing where additional wildlife precautions may be installed, among others.

In addition to project design mitigations, Baffinland has agreed and committed to a wide range of management practices relating to operations, monitoring, ongoing assessment of potential effects, and adaptive management to avoid and mitigate potential adverse environmental and socio-economic effects.

Most of the Hamlets of the impacted communities (Pond Inlet, Arctic Bay, and Sanirajak) have now confirmed to the NIRB that, in their view, the Phase 2 Proposal should be approved.

A timely decision on Phase 2 is critical to the Company’s ongoing operations, both near and long-term, and the Company encourages the NIRB to issue its recommendation report in accordance with the 45-day timeline set out in the Nunavut Planning and Project Assessment Act. The Nunavut Impact Review Board is expected to issue its recommendation on Baffinland’s proposed expansion of its Mary River mine by May 13.

NWT Refinery to be built for critical minerals Fortune Minerals has announced plans to build a refinery in Alberta's industrial heartland, northeast of Edmonton, with access to CN Rail. It plans to purchase a steel fabrication plant and 77 acres of land from JFSL Field Services for $5.5 million.

The refinery will process cobalt, gold, bismuth and copper, from the NICO project near Whatì. The mine is expected to employ 250 people, and the refinery an additional 100.

The entire project, including the refinery, is expected to cost $750 million.

YUKON Silver mine may expand After a recently completed 17,742 metre directional drilling program, Alexco Resource Corp. reports that the Bermingham indicated mineral resource estimate has expanded from 33.0 million ounces to 47.2 M ounces of contained silver at an average grade of 939 grams per tonne Ag. The inferred mineral resource estimate has increased from 11.7 M ounces to 19.9 M ounces of contained Ag at an average grade of 735 g/t Ag. As a result, Alexco is currently re-evaluating the life of mine plan for both the Bermingham and Flame & Moth deposits with a view to potentially expand the combined estimated 33.8 M ounce silver mineral reserve.

In the first quarter of 2022, the focus at Bermingham remains on longhole ore extraction.

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EXCERPT from Nahanni Then and Now by Vivien Lougheed

John fixing the Potato Hill cabin.

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EXCERPT from Nahanni Then and Now by Vivien Lougheed

Trekkers and Trappers Abandoned cabins make camping life more civilized for adventurous hikers ELSEBETH AT HOWARD’S PASS, 1995

the summer, but lucky for John and me, our Danish

A

cabin and securing the door so it wouldn’t blow open, we

friend, Elsebeth Vingborg, who had hiked numerous

crossed our first bridge. It had been washed out on the far side

times with us in Kluane, wanted a summer of adventure, so we

and was buckled in the middle. After scrounging around, we

planned on going to Howard’s Pass in the Tungsten/Nahanni area.

found a solid plank, which we propped so that one end was

s it turned out, our friend Shea went tree-planting for

On our way, we found no changes along the Nahanni Range Road. The washout was just as boisterous, but this time we’d stuck a canoe on the roof of our truck alongside the bicycles.

The next morning, after storing the traps back inside the

on shore and the other against the bridge, to sort of bridge the gap so we could roll our bikes to the far side of the creek.

The next bridge, which was in good shape, carried us over

John crossed with a heavy pack holding him down and a

Guthrie Creek, and the third bridge, at Fork Creek, was washed

rope attached to the canoe. Then we loaded the boat and

out at the south end, so we used the same technique as we had

lined it across.

on our first bridge. Then, because it was so time-consuming and

The Pitts were home when we arrived. Gerald was busy hauling machines from the mine and medicine cabinets out of

hard carrying gear and bikes over these bridges, we abandoned our bikes and started walking.

the miners’ living quarters. Stan, the conservation officer, was on his quad, and our Flat Lakes Cabin was just as we’d left it, although the squirrels had resumed residence. We flattened pieces of tin and pounded them over holes under the eaves.

Our first day out, we cycled 28 kilometres to a trapper’s cabin where Mac Creek flowed into the Little Nahanni. The road ran anywhere from a hundred to two hundred feet above the river and was in good condition, although many of the culverts from smaller creeks had washed out, leaving deep trenches across the road.

The cabin was unlocked but full of plywood boxes, used for holding traps. No squirrel activity was evident; no shredded mattresses, no scat, no food on the floor. We dumped the traps outside and slept inside on bunks, with luxurious mattresses beneath us.

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We enjoyed the comfort of a trapper's cabin.

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EXCERPT from Nahanni Then and Now by Vivien Lougheed

The road was bush-free, and the Little Nahanni River below snaked through the valley, its surface dotted with huge boulders.

At one spot, we watched it enter a canyon and heard its threatening roar.

March Creek had a good bridge where we had lunch, our pack contents spread over the bridge deck, stove and pot sitting level, our behinds comfortable on the 6-by-6 bridge edging.

“How about a pack raft?”

“They weigh a ton from what I understand, and I think they cost a fortune.”

We returned to the main road, which ran due west, up the south bank of Steel Creek, and then turned north and crossed over a solid, intact bridge.

It was raining as we approached Howard’s Pass. John dully

We found Steel Creek, the next waterway we had to cross, was

trudged along, not saying much, his arms crossed over his chest,

more of a river, with a solid gravel bottom. It poured a lot of

his head down, probably creating a poem to keep his mind off

water through a number of braids into the Little Nahanni.

the weather. Suddenly, as the road flattened out, he noticed

We had decided on Howard’s Pass for the summer’s

the trail approaching a level area. He then saw a building in the

destination, but we could see where a winter road crossed the

distance and ran through a gully to get to it, his heavy pack

river, just above Steel Creek, and entered the bush on the other

bouncing on his hips. The building turned out to be a machine

side. How that opening beckoned! Being curious, we dropped

shop positioned on the edge of an airstrip.

packs and walked along the winter road down to the Little

I glanced at the junk in the machine shop and sat outside under

Nahanni, which was a good 40 feet across. Though it flowed

the eaves on a backless chair that was far more comfortable than

smoothly over a flat stretch, it looked deep.

anything I’d felt since we left the Flat Lakes. John pulled out

“We could float across in a rubber tube with a rope attached, sort of like a reaction ferry,” I suggested.

some corrugated steel from the shop and built a campfire, using the sheets to protect the fire from wind and rain. He found a grill

We used bikes to haul the canoe from the car to the washout.

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EXCERPT from Nahanni Then and Now by Vivien Lougheed

After securing a board to walk off the bridge, John carried the bike across.

to place our pots on and then he located two more chairs. But the rain increased, so we hustled inside, where we found one wall lined with steel bed frames. We dropped our packs on the first one and speculated that hunters must have stayed in the building to protect themselves from the wind. But for me, the building was too big and cold to be inviting.

The sun came out, the hangar warmed and we unpacked our wet gear and spread it out on the beds to dry. John kept scrounging around, looking for pieces of leftover junk to make his camping life more civilized.

With lunch and coffee break over, I left John and Elsebeth napping and walked further along the valley, past neat piles of timbers, to an abandoned mining exploration site. As I explored, I saw a tunnel dug into a bluff on the other side of a raging creek. On my side of the creek I noticed another machine shed with some tools, some of them useful,

Early next morning, John started pounding sheets of roofing

like an axe and a shovel, which I grabbed. A short distance

material along the outside wall of the cabin, much to the disgust

farther, I spotted a shack with the door torn off but the

of the ground squirrel perched underneath. There was enough

windows, walls and roof still intact. Inside on the floor

aluminum sheeting and three-quarter-inch plywood to cover

was paper, plastic, insulation and animal scat six inches

the entire shack three feet up from the ground, which would

deep. I ran back to the hangar and excitedly told John

prevent the animals from chewing the wood and re-entering

we had a cabin.

the building after we left. We washed clothes and hung them

We donned our packs, and John followed me to our new home. It took him just a moment to see the potential.

on the radio towers lying at the side of the cabin.

A three-inch propane furnace chimney outlet was in the wall,

He grabbed the shovel I’d found and then scooped out the

so John hunted around and found an old airtight stove and

scat and took the chemical barrels to a second shed that

pipes, which had to be adapted in size from six inches at the

also had an open door. Elsebeth and I picked up the papers

stove to three inches at the wall. He clamped the pipes together

and plastic core-sample bags, hung some of our things on

using hose clamps found in the boiler shed. Being paranoid

nails and put the “No Smoking” signs in the windows. We

about fire, he lined the ceiling with fiberglass insulation and

helped John replace the ripped insulation and nail

finished the chimney with a second three-inch pipe rising

the plastic vapour barrier back to the studs, and

above the roof.

then John rebuilt the door.

On the gravel parking area in front of the cabin, John built

The stove produced just enough heat in the cabin to carry the chill and dampness away and made sleeping more comfortable

a firepit and framed it with two sawhorses, onto which he

than in the tent. Once again, we were in a cabin, just as John had

leaned a sheet of plywood to protect the fire from the wind

hoped we’d be throughout most of our hikes. Early the following

—which seemed, in that spot, to howl incessantly.

morning, while I was still nestled tight in my sleeping bag,

Back at the building near the airstrip we collected the chairs,

John made coffee. After I got up, we sat sipping our brew in the

a broom, a pail for water, a coffee pot, a fry pan and nails. On our

morning sun at the side of the cabin and watched two wolves

return to the cabin we felt and looked like Ma and Pa Kettle

—close to three feet at the shoulder, a silver tip and a blonde—

moving from the Ozarks. However, by supper the cabin was

come over the hill towards us. They were checking out marmot

clean and we were able to put our sleeping bags on the floor.

mounds and gopher holes, looking like two teenagers out for a

The radio code name, Potato Hill, became our new cabin’s name.

romantic stroll. Then suddenly they stopped, looked at the cabin,

It was also written in one of the books the previous tenants had

sniffed at the air and made a quick detour toward the northern

neglected to shred, and above the window was the radio licence

hills.

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with Yukon Government permit # 981.

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Muskox. © Parks Canada/J.Frandsen

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Aulavik National Park The crossing place

By Kyle Mustard

Visitors paddle the calm waters. © Parks Canada/T.Garnham

Imagine a place frozen in time, where you can see animals found only in the Arctic, you can stand on prehistoric seabeds and experience a landscape that some of the first people who came to North America would have seen. Aulavik National Park whose name means “place where people travel” is still travelled today. It has spectacular views, stunning wildlife, incredible history and is home to the most northern navigable river in North America.

Aulavik National Park is located on Ikaahuk “the crossing place” in Inuvialuktun (Banks Island) almost 800 km north of the Arctic Circle.

Parks Canada manages this site cooperatively with Inuvialuit, protecting a 12,200 km2 conservation area on the north end of the island for present and future generations.

Park history Aulavik has a vast oceanic prehistory that can be observed from the land, including ancient coral reefs dating over 350 million years and shark teeth over 50 million years old. When the island emerged as a landmass a vast forest grew. The forest existed until about 5 million years ago and there are mummified firs within Aulavik that Inuvialuit have used as fuel.

This “place where people travel” has over 4,000 years of archaeological evidence dating to the Pre-Dorset era through to historic times. Pre-Dorset stone tools are small, which may have given rise to Inuvialuit stories of the Inugarullit, or ‘little people’. In Aulavik there are ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

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Arctic Wolf. © Parks Canada/J.Frandsen

More recently, Aulavik National Park made history when the HMS Investigator was mapped by Parks Canada in Mercy Bay just outside the Park in 2010. The Investigator was a Royal Navy merchant ship that set off from England looking for the lost Franklin Voyage and had hopes of finding the Northwest Passage but got stuck in the ice and was abandoned in 1853. After the ship was abandoned, local Inuvialuit and Inuinnait groups from Victoria Island made seasonal trips to salvage the ship for materials like wood and metal.

Conservation and monitoring How can Parks Canada conserve a place that is larger than Cape Breton? By cooperatively managing it with Inuvialuit of course.

By using consensus-based decision making, Parks Canada and Inuvialuit have developed a strategy to monitor the ecological integrity of Aulavik. The two main conservation projects that are being studied are water quality and permafrost. Water quality measures show the health of the river systems that are important archaeological sites in the park dating to 2,000 years ago that

for the fish and waterfowl that call this park home and are also a

show that Thule people also inhabited this place. Some sites in

crucial part of Inuvialuit culture because of their value as food

Aulavik can be attributed to historically documented groups of

staples. For the water quality measurements, Parks Canada staff

Inuvialuit and Inuinnait.

travel north on the Thomsen River from Green Cabin where they measure benthic invertebrates and overall quality at all the streams

Visitors walk along the tundra by the river. © Parks Canada/T.Garnham

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and creeks flowing into the river. Parks Canada also monitors

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Sandhill Cranes. © Parks Canada/J.Frandsen

permafrost slumping in Aulavik. The permafrost on Banks Island has high amounts of ground ice in it, making it more likely to thaw and degrade quickly. This makes it an interesting and important place to study and monitor and can show scientists the effects of climate change on a local scale within the Park.

What visitors can expect Getting to Aulavik National Park is an adventure all on its own, as visitors will need to fly on a Twin Otter for three hours from Inuvik over the Arctic Ocean to Green Cabin in the heart of the Park just to start the 150-kilometre journey down the Thomsen River. Once there they can expect otherworldly views of the tundra. Aulavik National Park is flat, has limited vegetation and the weather can be unpredictable. Even in a summer storm there is beauty in the remoteness that can be felt when in Aulavik and when the sun comes out it really comes to life.

There are over 150 species of plants, and the highest concentration of muskox in the world. As you are paddling down

When the paddling is done for the day, there are compelling

the river you can often spot the grazing muskox on grassy hills all

cultural sites in the Park spanning the last 4,000 years, including

around you and if you look closely, you can sometimes see wolves

caches, tent rings, complex campsites and large muskox kill sites.

following them. Overhead and in the water, there are endless

With only a handful of visitors every year Aulavik National Park is sure to make any adventurer’s bucket list. Please visit https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nt/aulavik for more information.

A B O V E + B E Y O N D

geese and waterfowl.

A B O V E

B E Y O N D

Visitor by a tent ring, a short walk from the river. © Parks Canada/T.Garnham

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ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᓂᕐᒥᑦ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᔮᐸᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᓕᐊᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᑭᓕᐊᕐ ᕗᓵᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᖓ ᐅᓘᓯ ᓴᐃᓚ, “ᐱᖃᓗᔭᖅ” (Solitary Iceberg), 2020, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅ.

Ooloosie Saila, “Solitary Iceberg,” 2020, lithograph Artwork courtesy the artist and Dorset Fine Arts, reproduction photography by Roman Dean.

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ᒪ

ᓐᑐᕆᐋᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᓂᑰᔪᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᒻᒥᕆᒃ ᔭᐃᒻᔅ

ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᙱᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᓪᓚᕆᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᑎᑭᒋᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ 1940−ᖏᓐᓂᒃ.

ᐱᐅᕐᔪᐊᕐᓂᕆᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕙᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ, ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᖅᑖᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ

ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕈᒪᒍᓐᓃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ.

ᓂᐅᕕᖅᐸᓕᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᕙᑦᑐᓂᒋᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᕆᕙᑦᑐᓂᒋᓪᓗ

ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖄᖏᑦ,

ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓄᑦ

ᐃᓪᓗᒌᖓᓕᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓂ

ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᑕᐃᑲᓂᑭᓯᐊᓂ 1950-ᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᑐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᓂᒃ

ᐊᕝᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑎᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ ᑭᙵᕐᓂ (ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᑲᐃᑉ ᑐᐊᓴᑦ),

ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᓄᑦ “ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ,”

ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᒧᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᒧᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᖅ ᐋᓯᕙᕐᒥᑦ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖁᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ

ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᒃᑲᓐᓂᓗᑎᓗ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ.

ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᑭᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᙵᕐᓂᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑦᑕ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᐃᑦ

ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᒥᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᓂᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ

ᐱᖅᑯᓯᐊ ᓴᖅᑭᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᐱᓯᒪᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᓕᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐃᓂᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ

ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓴᓇᔭᐅᙵᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᓯᕙᒻᒧᑦ,

ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᖅᓱᕋᕐᓂᒃ.

ᑲᓇᖏᓇᖅ ᐳᑐᒍᕐᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᑦᓯᐊᓛᖅ ᐊᓲᓇᒧᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᖃᕈᒪᓪ

ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓄᑦ ᖁᓕᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᖅᓱᓕᒻᒪᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᒪᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓕᓴᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᒍᒪᔭᐅᕐᔪᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂ

ᓚᕆᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔨᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᓯᐊᓯᓐᓈᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ.

1958-ᒥᑦ, ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᔭᐹᓐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕋᐊᖅᓱᓂ

ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᕋᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑦᓯᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑖᑦᓱᒧᖓ ᐅᓂ'ᓂᑦᓯ ᕼᐃᕋᑦᓱᑲ, ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥᓪᓗ. ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ

ᐅᓇᑕᕕᔾᔪᐊᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ sōsaku-hanga ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᐃᑦ”

ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᓕᖅᓱᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ

ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓂᖓ. ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᐱᐅᑦᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑦ

ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᖅ ᐋᓯᕙᒃ, “ᐅᑲᓕᖅ ᑯᐊᓐᓂᑐᖅᑐᖅ” (Rabbit Eating Seaweed), 1958-9, ᕿᓯᕋᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ.

Kenojuak Ashevak, “Rabbit Eating Seaweed,” 1958-9, sealskin stencil.

Courtesy Dorset Fine Arts.

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ᐅᓂ'ᓂᑦᓯ ᕼᐃᕋᑦᓱᑲ ᕿᔪᒻᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, 1935.

Un'ichi Hiratsuka woodblock print, 1935.

Image courtesy Un'ichi Hiratsuka

ᕼᐃᕋᑦᓱᑲ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᖏᓪᓗ ᓴᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᕿᔪᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᓕᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᕐᒥᑦ ᒥᖑᖓᖅᓯᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒧᑦ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᕐᒨᖅᓯᓗᑎᒃ. ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᖃᒃᑲᓐᓂᔾᔮᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᒐᔭᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᕈᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᔮᐸᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕈᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐅᐊᓯ ᐸᐃᑉᐹᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ sōsaku-hanga ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᑦᓴᖅᓱᓂ, ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᐃᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᑕ ᖁᓛᓃᒻᒪᑦ, ᕿᔪᑦᑕᖃᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᕿᔪᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑲᐅᓈᓗᐊᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᐊᔪᙱᑦᑐᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᓪᓚᕆᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᕇᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ, ᓄᑖᕐᒥᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓄᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᐊᑦᑕᒧᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕋᑦᓴᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓂᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᖅ ᔮᐸᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕋᐅᓯᖓᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᕐᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓅᖓᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᓪᓚᑦᑐᖅ: ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑕ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᖃᓯᐅᑎᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᕙᒌᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᑎᑑᖏᑦᑐᕐᓕ sōsaku-hanga ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᓴᖅᑮᓲᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᖓᓂᒃ, ᓴᓇᓕᕐᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᕿᔪᒻᒥᑦ, ᐲᔭᐃᓲᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑕᒪᕐᒥᐸᓗᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑏᑦ ᑭᙵᕐᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑳᓲᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᓕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᓪᓚᕆᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᒃᑲᓐᓂᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᑦᓯᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᙵᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒧᑦ. ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᔪᖅ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᓕᓲᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᐊᕐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᓯᕙᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᕿᓯᕋᔭᙳᐊᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᒃᑮᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᑦᓴᖅᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ. ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᐃᒫᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᓕᓲᖅ 50-ᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᖃᑦᑕᖅᓱᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᐃᑦᑑᓪᓗᑎ ᑖᑦᓱᒥᖓᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᕐᒥᑦ. ᐱᔭᕇᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᓕᓲᖅ ᐲᔭᖅᑕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᑐᒃᑲᓐᓂᓐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑦ − ᑲᔪᓯᑦᓯᐊᑎᑦᓯᒍᓐᓇᓲᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᓄᑖᖑᔪᒧᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᕐᒧᑦ. ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᕕᖓ ᓴᖅᑭᙵᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᐳᕕᕐᓂᑑᕐᒥ, ᐅᓗᒃᕼᐊᒃᑑᕐᒥ, ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᒥ. ᑲᓲᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᔮᐸᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᔪᒻᒧᑦ

1959−ᒥᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂᓗ ᑭᙵᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᓕᐅᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓇᕿᒻᒥᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ “ᓵᑉ” ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐃᑉ ᑎᕆᖅᑯᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᓂ

ᑭᖑᕚᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᑦᓱᕈᖅᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᓲᑦ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᑦᓴᖃᖅᑏᑦ

ᑲᑎᙵᔪᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᒥᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᓕᐊᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ.

ᑐᑭᓯᓂᕐᓗᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕆᔭᒥᓂᒃ. ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐸᓪᓗᖅ ᐳᓪᓚᐅᑉ

ᖁᔭᓕᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᔪᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐋᓯᕙᒃ, ᐳᓪᓚᑦ, ᐃᓂᒋᐊᓪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ

1976−ᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᖅ (Aeroplane) ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᒃ

ᐊᑦᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᖃᓕᖅᓱᑎᒃ

ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ,

ᓴᖅᑮᑦᓯᐊᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐱᐅᔪᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᕋᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥᑦ

ᐃᓄᓕᒫᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓂᖅᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓕᖅᓱᑎᒃ “ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᑦ” ᑭᓲᒻᒪᖔᑦᑕ, ᐃᓄᐃᓪᓗ

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᓕᖅᑐᑦ. ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᕕᖓ ᐃᓚᖃᓕᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ

ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓ ᐊᓯᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕐᔪᐊᓕᕋᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᒻᒪᕇᓪᓗ ᐊᔪᕈᓐᓃᖅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᑦ

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓂ,

ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓄᑦ, ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑐᒐᕐᕕᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᓄᑦ

ᔮᐸᓃᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᙱᑦᑐᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒻᒧᑦ

ᐆᑦᑑᑎᑦᓴᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑭᙵᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ

ᓴᓇᐅᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑕᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔨᒪᑦᓯᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᓂᕐᒥᑦ.

ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᓱᕕᓇᐃ ᐊᓲᓇ,

ᐊᑐᓂ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐃᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᕉᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦ

ᐅᓘᓯ ᓴᐃᓚ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᓂ ᐳᑐᒎᔪᔪᖅ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᓗᐃᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓲᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓱᑎᓗ

ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓂ, ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗ

ᓴᓇᙳᐊᑎᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᑭᖑᕚᕇᖑᔪᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᑎᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᕙᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᑖᙳᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᓪᓗ

ᓴᖅᑮᔪᒪᓂᖓᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓ ᐊᓯᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ.

ᐊᑐᖅᓱᑎᒃ, ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂᓗ

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᓐᓂᐅᑉ ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖃᑦᓯᐊᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᑭᙵᕐᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᙵᕈᑕᐅᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ

ᑲᓲᒪᖃᑎᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᓯᐊᕉᓚᐅᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓯᐅᓯᓐᓈᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᓴᑦᓯᐊᕙᒻᒧᑦ

ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓂᑦᓴᓕᐅᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑖᕙᓂ

ᐃᓅᔪᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᒧᑦ.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

A B O V E + B E Y O N D

A B O V E

B E Y O N D

33

From woodblock to stonecut The Indigenization of Japanese Printmaking in Arctic Canada

By Claire Foussard

34

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

ontreal-born artist and marketing aficionado James

M

preservation of Inuit cultural knowledge, as well as a profound

Houston first travelled to the Eastern Arctic in the

respect for the Arctic environment and its wildlife.

Inuit carvers and began amassing a collection of stone

knowledge of printmaking under the tutelage of Un’ichi

sculptures that he could showcase and resell in the South.

Hiratsuka, a prominent figure in the postwar sōsaku-hanga,

As Inuit living near seaport towns had traded their carvings to

or ‘creative prints’ movement. Houston admired the simple,

European settlers and whalers for over a century, these stone

iconic imagery Hiratsuka and his colleagues created through

works were recognizable to Southern audiences as “Eskimo art,”

woodblock printmaking, a technique in which countless pictures

and greatly appealed to the Modernist aesthetic sensibilities of

can be created by transferring ink from a single carved piece

mid-century consumers. Houston’s initial exhibitions of Inuit art

of wood onto paper. Houston believed an annually released

were met with great enthusiasm, prompting the Canadian

collection of limited-edition prints would be the best avenue

Handicrafts Guild to sponsor his next journey North to begin

to bring more Inuit art to the enthusiastic Inuit art consumers.

developing an infrastructure for the production and

With Japanese tools, washi paper, and a selection of sōsaku-hanga

distribution of Inuit-made artworks and handicrafts.

prints in hand, Houston returned to the Arctic.

late 1940s. During this time, he befriended several

Over the course of the next decade Inuit artists developed an

In 1958, Houston travelled to Japan to deepen his

As Kinngait falls above the tree line, wood is a limited

acute awareness of the non-Native consumer’s preconceptions

resource, making traditional woodblock printing rather

about their culture and traditions. In recognizing and partially

impractical. However, with so many skilled carvers already

obliging the market’s demands of them, Inuit creators began to

in the community, a new form of printmaking called stonecut

financially support themselves through the sale of their artwork

was born, in which relief images are incised into a smooth slab of

to collectors in southern Canada and around the world. The

locally sourced stone. This application of a Japanese art-making

commercial success of Inuit art has allowed artmaking to

technique to the materials available in the Arctic epitomizes the

become a key source of income for several Arctic communities,

ingenuity of indigenization: sifting through the traditions of

but a lack of understanding of the true cultural and historical

another culture and incorporating certain useful aspects into

richness of their work has left many Inuit artists relegated

existing practices. Unlike sōsaku-hanga printmaking in which

to the periphery of the mainstream art market.

the artist creates the image, carves the woodblock, and pulls

Aside from sewn appliqués on clothing and the engraved

the prints, most graphic artists in Kinngait produce a drawing

surfaces of carvings, two-dimensional rendering was effectively

and then collaborate with an experienced carver to reproduce a

nonexistent in Inuit material culture until the 1950s. Houston

mirror image of the original in stone. The artist and stonecutter

distributed paper and pencils to several members of the Inuit

then experiment with a variety of inks, at times adding to the

community in Kinngait (then known as Cape Dorset), including

composition with sealskin stencils until they are both satisfied

a young woman by the name of Kenojuak Ashevak, and asked

with the result. The printmaker then repeats this process

them to create images for him to purchase and potentially

50 times to produce a full edition of the same image. Upon

reproduce as prints. Despite its commercial origins and the

completion, the relief is then ground down to a smooth

influence of a biased market, the graphic arts tradition that

slab and reused – an exercise in sustainability afforded

emerged became an essential form of record keeping for the

by this new material.

Indigenous population in an era of forced assimilation. Early

Kinngait Studios released its first print collection in 1959,

works by Ashevak, Kananginak Pootoogook, and Pitseolak

and in the years that followed Kinngait’s graphic artists have

Ashoona demonstrate an unswayable commitment to the

passed down their image-making techniques from generation

ᓗᒃᑕ ᕿᐊᑦᓱᖅ, 1962, ᑭᓪᓗᐃᔪᖅ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕋᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒥᑦ ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᖅ ᐋᓯᕙᐅᑉ “ᓯᕿᓂᐅᑉ ᐅᑎᕐᓂᖓ” (The Arrival of the Sun) ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᐅᔭᖓᓄᑦ.

Lukta Qiatsuq, 1962, cutting the stone block for Kenojuak Ashevak’s “The Arrival of the Sun.” Courtesy Dorset Fine Arts.

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ᐸᓪᓗᖅ ᐳᓪᓚᑦ, “ᖃᖓᑕᓲᖅ” (Aeroplane) (1976), ᓴᓇᙳᐊᕋᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑐᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ.

Baker Lake, and Pangnirtung. The connection to Japanese

Pudlo Pudlat, “Aeroplane” (1976), stone cut and stencil.

Courtesy Dorset Fine Arts.

of a stamped “chop” in the corner of each editioned print

woodblock printing is still evident today with the inclusion identifying the studio where it was produced.

to generation, always pushing the envelope to challenge the

Thanks to pioneering artists like Ashevak, Pudlat, and

Southern market’s misconceptions about their culture. Catalytic

countless others who managed to navigate the complex

works like Pudlo Pudlat’s 1976 stone cut “Aeroplane” showed

landscape of this cultural collision to create consistently

the world that life in the Arctic is much more than igloos and

beautiful work, Inuit printmaking is now world-renowned.

caribou, thus transforming the public’s understanding of what

Kinngait Studios now includes a state-of-the-art lithography

constitutes “Inuit art,” and asserting the survivance of Inuit

studio, and the master printmakers continually adapt their

culture despite centuries of colonization.

techniques to the changing world, now using recycled pool

The artists of Kinngait Studios have brilliantly blended Inuit

table slates as their stone cut canvases. The works of Kinngait

culture, Japanese technology, and Western aesthetics into an

artists can be found in museum collections across the globe,

entirely unique graphic arts tradition that acts as a visual

and contemporary Inuit artists like Shuvinai Ashoona, Ooloosie

record of cultural and political exchange. Each print collection

Saila, and the late Annie Pootoogook, are increasingly accepted

exemplifies the shifting tensions between the external

and celebrated within the mainstream art world. Fueled by

perception of Inuit life and culture, and the individual artist’s

intergenerational mentorship and fearless innovation, Kinngait’s

internal desire to preserve memories and traditions in the face

distinctive graphic arts tradition continues to blossom and

of encroaching acculturation. The success of the printmaking

evolve as an indispensable connection to the past while paving

initiative in Kinngait led to the establishment of print shops in

the way towards a better future for the Inuit community.

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other Arctic communities including Puvirnituq, Ulukhaktok,

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SCIENCE

Atlantic walruses at Digges Islands, Nunavik; October 2013. © Charlie Anirnirq Paningajak

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SCIENCE

Following the melting ice Timing of Nunavik walrus migration is shifting

By Laura M. Martinez‐Levasseur and Johnny A. Oovaut Inuit have observed that Atlantic walruses, which follow the melting ice to travel, are now migrating along the eastern coast of Nunavik a month earlier than before the 1990s. This is likely due to changes in seasonal sea-ice coverage. Our team of Inuit and scientists tries to understand the impacts of environmental change on a species that has been harvested by Inuit for generations.

“Over there. Can you see the aiviit [walruses] swimming?” whispers a local hunter, pointing to the entrance of the bay. My eyes are glued to the binoculars: “Yes, I see them!”

After two weeks of waiting, the first migrating walruses have finally arrived around Quaqtaq, Nunavik.

The hunters we have interviewed the week before explained they observe the earliest walruses in June. They also see

most walruses during the first two weeks of July. But this has not always been the case.

Inuit observations about Atlantic walruses from Nunavik:  Part of the Atlantic walrus population migrates each spring between the Labrador coast to Tujjaat and Akulliq Islands (Nottingham and Salisbury Islands, north of Nunavik), where they spend the summer.

To document spatial Inuit observations, participants draw points, polygons (e.g., sites, areas where walruses had been observed) or lines (e.g., walrus migration routes) onto transparent overlays covering base maps.

Quaqtaq, Nunavik; June 2013. © Robert Pickles

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SCIENCE Laura M. Martinez-Levasseur and walrus hunter Johnny A. Oovaut wait for the ice to melt so walruses can migrate along the coast of Quaqtaq, Nunavik; June 2013. © Robert Pickles

A month early

 During their migration, they swim in small groups comprised of about five to 15 individuals. They use floating ice to rest.  Atlantic walruses likely use the same migration routes in the fall (October-

December) to return to overwintering grounds along the coast of Labrador.  Today, Nunavik Inuit harvest walruses mainly to prepare igunaq, a fermented delicacy made of aged walrus skin, fat and meat.

Working together with 33 Inuit Elders and hunters from Inukjuak, Ivujivik, Quaqtaq and Kangiqsualujjuaq, we learned that Atlantic walruses are now travelling along the eastern coast of Nunavik a month earlier than prior to the 1990s.

“They come earlier now since the ice goes away earlier. They come any time at this time [end of June]. But they used to arrive only in August,” explains Elder Charlie Okpik from Quaqtaq. Similarly, hunters from Alaska, in the U.S. reported the spring migration of Pacific walruses occurs about a month earlier today than in past decades.

Across the Arctic, several marine species have advanced or delayed their migration as sea-ice retreats earlier in spring and forms later in fall. “The migration of all marine mammals has changed now,” summarizes a walrus hunter from Kangiqsualujjuaq.

In addition to this shift in the timing of walrus migration, Inuit experts report other ecological changes.

The return of walruses Our team learned from Inuit hunters that Atlantic walruses are now reoccupying areas they had previously abandoned.

“This is the photo I was telling you about. Look, there are lots of walruses,” explains Charlie Anirnirq Paningajak while showing me a picture of 30 walruses basking on an island near Ivujivik. “I never saw walruses there before,” adds the harvester from Ivujivik. According to Elders, walruses had abandoned this island because their ancestors used to hunt the animals in their basking area.

The art of interpreting local observations “Perhaps there are walruses there. I don’t know because I have never been there,” says a hunter showing an unmarked area on a walrus distribution map we are creating. More than pointing to a location, he is pointing to an issue: our maps do not differentiate areas that

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SCIENCE A group of around 30 walruses observed in October 2013 on the northeast of Saarqajaaq (Digges Islands, north of Ivujivik, Nunavik). © Charlie Anirnirq Paningajak

hunters never visited from areas they had travelled through without observing any walruses.

A walrus-free or unmarked area on these maps could mean two things: that there was an absence of walruses or that there was an absence of observations from Inuit hunters. Confusing the two could lead to wrong interpretations. So, we had an idea. Why not ask Inuit hunters to draw the geographic areas they were familiar with, and for which they had direct observational knowledge?

In doing so, we realized that since the 2000s Inuit walrus hunters have concentrated their direct observations over smaller geographic areas and over shorter periods. It also became clear that Inuit hunters observe the migration of Atlantic walruses within a specific area of the overall migration pathway of this stock. This highlights the spatial complementary of local observations and scientific data, which can be collected at a broader spatial scale.

Our study not only shows changes in Atlantic walrus distribution and migration in Nunavik, but also sheds light on the importance of documenting the temporal and spatial changes in Inuit land use patterns and harvesting practices to understand the ecology of Arctic species through Inuit observations.

This project was conducted as a partnership between the Nunavik Marine Region Wildlife Board, Trent University, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada and the communities of Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quaqtaq, Ivujivik, Inukjuak, and their Local Hunting Fishing and Trapping Associations, Northern Villages and Landholding Corporations.

References Martinez-Levasseur LM, Furgal CM, Hammill MO, Henri DA, Burness G. (2021) New migration and distribution patterns of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) around Nunavik (Québec, Canada) identified using Inuit Knowledge.

Polar Biol 44, 1833–1845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02920-6 Martinez-Levasseur LM, Furgal CM, Hammill MO, Burness G. (2017) Challenges and strategies when mapping local ecological knowledge in the Canadian Arctic: the importance of defining the geographic limits of participants’ common areas of observations. Polar Biol 40, 1501–1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-2071-2

Two walruses rest on floating ice during their migration in Quaqtaq, Nunavik; July 2013. © Laura M Martinez-Levasseur.

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SCIENCE

A group of bowhead whales swim together in the shallow coastal waters of Cumberland Sound. © Bill Koski (LGL Limited), Brandon Laforest (WWF), Steve Ferguson and Sarah Fortune

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SCIENCE

Can Bowhead whales continue to thrive in the Arctic?

As prey changes, how bowhead whales will adapt

By Tommy Pontbriand The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) or Arvik holds a cultural, spiritual and subsistence importance for Canadian Inuit and has been a key component of Arctic indigenous peoples for hundreds of years. But more recently, the disproportional warming of the Arctic from climate change has resulted in the reduction of the sea ice cover, the increased presence of killer whales, and large-scale changes in zooplankton composition and abundance that all make us question the ability of bowhead whales to continue thriving in the Arctic.

Bowhead whales are well adapted to survive in the harsh Arctic marine environment with their large head that they use to break the sea ice to breathe and their thick layer of blubber that keeps them well insulated. They use their long baleen to filter zooplankton in the water column, tiny organisms rich in fat on which they feed exclusively. They rely on huge quantities of zooplankton to meet their large energetic requirements. But the shifts in abundance and composition of zooplankton resulting from changing marine conditions could prevent bowhead whales from meeting those requirements.

One way that they can cope with changes in prey is by having diet variation within the population: different individuals having different diets by feeding on ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

The blowholes of a bowhead whale above the surface in Cumberland Sound near Pangnirtung, Nunavut. © Ricky Kilabuk

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SCIENCE

The main food source of bowhead whales, zooplankton. Pictured here: calanoid copepods, amphipods, mysids and chaetognaths. © Tommy Pontbriand

distinct prey. In that way, if a certain prey changes its abundance or distribution in response to climate change, only a small portion of bowhead whales individuals will be negatively affected by the change and the impact at the population level will be dampened.

To study the inter-individual diet variation in bowhead whales, I used diet

and movement data from the Eastern Canada – West Greenland (ECWG) bowhead whale population that were collected by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in collaboration with local Inuit in Igloolik and Pangnirtung between 2012 and 2016. I followed the whales in their horizontal movements between regions and vertical movements underwater as

they dive to feed with satellite and time-depth recorder tags to understand their feeding behaviour. I also investigated the diet variation between the individuals by measuring different types of dietary biomarkers (i.e., stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon, and fatty acids) from the biopsy samples of skin and blubber collected from the same tagged whales.

Results show that differences in diet were associated with differences in where and how the individuals acquire their prey during the summer and fall, which is the period when most of their feeding occurs during the year. The individuals showed important variation in diet and behaviour but grouped together in a way that the whales tagged in one region all had similar diets and feeding behaviours but differed from the whales tagged in another region. Foxe Basin whales fed mostly on mysids, euphausiids and A bowhead whale breaking the surface to breathe. © Bill Koski (LGL Limited), Brandon Laforest (WWF), Steve Ferguson and Sarah Fortune

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SCIENCE Two bowhead whales showing some interesting patterns on their skin. They molt their skin every year and rub against big boulders in shallow waters to facilitate the sloughing of old (light grey) skin. © Bill Koski (LGL Limited), Brandon Laforest (WWF), Steve Ferguson and Sarah Fortune

chaetognaths, had shallower feeding dives, travelled long distances between regions and increased their dive depth seasonally. On the other hand, Cumberland Sound whales fed mainly on calanoid copepods, had deeper feeding dives, stayed stationary in the region and did not increase their dive depth seasonally.

Overall, results show some group specialization where individuals frequenting distinct summer and fall feeding habitats display diet and behavioural differences.

This could be a sign that a subpopulation structure exists within the ECWG population.

We cannot conclude for sure that the feeding behaviour differences observed in my study are driving the diet variation at the population level, but we can say that the variation in both diet and feeding behaviour among individuals will likely allow the population to cope with current and future changes in prey.

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Tommy Pontbriand is an M.Sc. student at the University of Manitoba. pontbrit@myumanitoba.ca ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

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QARJUIT YOUTH COUNCIL

ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖏᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᐱ ᓚᒧᐊᕆᔪ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᖓ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ, 32 ᐳᓴᓐᑎ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 15 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 34 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖅᓱᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖃᖅᑐᑦ 21-ᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᖃᓯᐅᑎᓗᒍ 39.7 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑯᐊᐸᒃᒥᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 2016 ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᑰᔪᓄᑦ. ᖃᕐᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ (QYC) ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᙵᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2015−ᒥᑦ. ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓅᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᕋᓱᐊᙱᑦᑑᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ 5,000 ᐅᖓᑖᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂᒃ 14-ᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓴᓯᐱᒥᑦ. ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 15 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 35 ᑐᕌᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᕆᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕋᑦᓴᖃᖅᑎᒋᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᑦᓯᐊᕆᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᕆᔭᖓᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᖅᓯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᑦᓯᐊᕈᓐᓇᖅᓯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᓗᑎᒃ.

ᓂᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᖁᔭᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓕᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᓅᖓᔪᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᒪᑭᑕᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᑲᓴᓕᕐᒪᑕ. ᑲᑎᒪᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ ᑯᐊᐸᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓪᓗᐊᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐃᖁᔨᓲᖑᒐᑦᑕ ᓄᓇᕕᓕᒫᒥᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ. ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑕᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ, ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᖅᓯᖃᑦᑕᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔨᑦᓴᑕᖃᙱᓗᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖃᙱᓗᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᕆᓂᖅ: ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓃᖃᑦᑕᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖃᙱᓗᐊᕐᒪᑕ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᕈᓘᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ; ᓱᖏᐅᑎᒐᓱᐊᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓕᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑲᑎᒪᕕᐅᑉ ᓵᖓᓂ. ᓴᐅᒥᐊᓂ ᑕᓕᖅᐱᐊᓄᑦ: ᓲᓯᐋᓐ ᑲᓪᓗᒃ, ᑭᐊᕈᓚᐃᓐ ᒫᑎᐊᓪ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓴᐱ ᓚᒧᐊᕆᔪ.

In front of the National Assembly. L to R: Susieanne Kudluk, Caroline Martel and Elisapie Lamoureux. © Force Jeunesse

ᓂᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᖁᔭᕗᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓕᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᓅᖓᔪᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᒪᑭᑕᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᑲᓴᓕᕐᒪᑕ. ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑑᓪᓗᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔭᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᓴᙱᔪᒥᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᕋᑦᑕ ᒪᑭᒪᑦᓯᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ

ᓄᓇᓕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᒻᒥᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᖁᔭᓕᕗᖑᓪᓗ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖃᕐᓇᙱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑕᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᒃᑲᓐᓂᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓕᐅᕈᑎᖃᕋᑦᑕ. ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐊᐱᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖃᕐᓇᙱᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᒪᓪᓗᑕ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑯᐊᐸᒃᒥᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᒻᒪᑦ. ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᑦᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᒍᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᓴᕋᐃᒍᓐᓇᓚᖓᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕈᑦᑕ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᕆᓂᐅᔪᖅ.

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖃᓕᖅᓱᑕ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓰᓐᓂᒃ: ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓪᓗᑕ

ᐊᒥᓱᓗᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓗᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᓖᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᒥᑦᓯᐊᕙᒻᒥᑦ

ᑭᓇᐅᒻᒪᖔᑦᑕ. ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑑᕗᒍᑦ! ᓯᕗᓂᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᒫᖅᑐᒍᑦ! ᖃᕐᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ

ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᕕᐅᖏᓐᓇᑦᑕ. ᐃᓪᓗᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᓐᓇᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᖅ

ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᓲᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᖃᖅᑕᕗᓪᓗ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᖁᔭᕗᑦ.

ᐊᑏᑑᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᓛᓕᖅᑯᖅ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ.

ᓄᕕᐱᕆ 2021-ᒥᑦ, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕗᑦ ᑯᐊᐸᒃ ᓯᑎᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ

ᓇᑯᕐᒦᕈᒪᔪᖓ ᐃᓕᑦᓯᓐᓄᓕᒫᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᑦᓯᐊᓚᐅᕋᑦᓯ. ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ

RAJ (Rencontres Action Jeunesse) ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕆᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᐊᑦᓱᕈᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓪᓗᑕ ᓴᙱᔫᓗᑕᓗ! ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒪᑭᒪᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᑦ

ᑲᑎᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑲᑎᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ

ᑕᐃᒪᐃᖏᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᖅᓱᑕᓗ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᐅᐱᒋᑦᓯᐊᖅᑕᒃᑲ.

ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᒋᒍᓐᓇᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᓴᒥᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔪᑦ RAJ-ᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᔨᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ.

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ᒪᒥᒐᓱᐊᖅᓱᑕᓗ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑕ ᐊᑦᓱᕉᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ.

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ᐃᓕᓴᐱ ᓚᒧᐊᕆᔪ ᑕᓯᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᕐᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

QARJUIT YOUTH COUNCIL

Youth perspective in politics

By Elisapie Lamoureux In Nunavik, 32 per cent of the Inuit population is between 15 and 34 years old. The median age is 21 years old compared to 39.7 years old for the non Indigenous in Quebec, according to 2016 Canadian Census statistics. Qarjuit Youth Council (QYC) is an organization for youth and by youth that was launched in September 2015. It is an ethnic and non-for-profit organization which represents over 5,000 Inuit youth all over the 14 communities in Nunavik and Chisasibi. Youth are between 15 and 35 years old and one of our main goals is to provide them with opportunities and knowledge to improve their quality of life. The second goal is to help youth empower themselves and to reach their full potential as responsible citizens and leaders.

We strive to give the voice we deserve in this modern society we live in and to also improve our cultural values that have almost been lost. We youth are able to mobilize ourselves through our strong cultural resiliency and knowledge in two different cultural settings: modern society and rooted Inuit identities. We are youth! We will be living in the future!

Qarjuit Youth Council advocates for Inuit youth and

We strive to give the voice we deserve in this modern society we live in and to also improve our cultural values that have almost been lost.

we want to have our needs heard.

In November 2021, three of our team members had

Within our communities, we are doing what we can to help

the opportunity to go to Quebec City to participate in the

ourselves and are thankful to have the health workers we have

RAJ (Rencontres Action Jeunesse) or Youth Action Meetings.

but it is not enough for the multiitude of problems. We asked

We met with other interesting members of other youth

the politicians to give us more of the health services that

organizations with whom we can collaborate with in the

already exist in the province but that we don’t have in

future. The organizators of RAJ also organized several

Nunavik. We strongly believe it can help us get through

meetings with politicians for us.

all of this faster.

During our meetings with the Quebec deputies, we mostly

The last issue we talked about was housing. So many

talked about the issues that youth brought up the most during

houses are overpopulated and in certain communities we do

our tours and Annual General Meetings where we invite youth

not have access to fresh drinkable water. Housing in Nunavik

from the whole region to represent their community. One of

is a big issue we strongly hope will be solved in the

the main issues is education, with low rates of graduation

coming years.

and the lack of teachers and staff in Nunavik.

The second issue is mental health: Nunavik has an

I want to say a big thank you to everyone for their collaboration. We need to keep fighting for our rights,

unbelievably high rate of suicide with a big lack of professional

to help each other and to stay strong! Inuit are resilient and

support. Colonization happened not too long ago; we are still

we have to continue to be so. I’m so proud of all of us.

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adapting to this modern society and we are still trying to heal from intergenerational traumas that were inflicted on us.

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

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Elisapie Lamoureux is the Hudson Strait Director at the QYC.

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BOOKSHELF

Arctic: Culture and Climate Amber Lincoln, Jago Cooper, Jan Peter Laurens Loovers Thames & Hudson in collaboration with the British Museum October 2020 The Arctic, often imagined as one of the most inhospitable places on Earth, has been inhabited for nearly 30,000 years. The various communities that call the region home have found ingenious ways to harness and celebrate their environment, and to co-exist with its wildlife. Today, man-made climate change is transforming the region at an unprecedented rate, bringing with it a new set of challenges.

Arctic: Culture and Climate explores the history of the Circumpolar North and its people through the lens of climate change and weather, drawing on a wealth of objects, artworks and voices — from past and present — in this beautifully illustrated collection of essays to show how Arctic people and their cultural traditions have continued to thrive amid both social and environmental change.

Tainna: The Unseen Ones, Short Stories

Nahanni Then and Now Vivien Lougheed Hancock House Publishers August 2021

Norma Dunning Douglas & McIntyre March 2021

Nahanni Then and Now

Drawing on both experience

explores the geography and

and cultural memory,

history of the mountainous

Norma Dunning brings

country drained by the South

together six powerful new

Nahanni River, based on

short stories centred on

Lougheed’s observations as

modern-day Inuk characters

a hiker and paddler, and on

in Tainna. Ranging from

her thorough research —

homeless to extravagantly

including interviews and

wealthy, from spiritual to

correspondence with the

jaded, young to elderly, and from alive to deceased, Dunning’s

people, and the descendants of the people, who made that

characters are united by shared feelings of alienation,

history. A journey to the abandoned mining sites of Tungsten,

displacement and loneliness resulting from their experiences

Howard’s Pass, Lened Creek and Union Carbide leads to a tour

in southern Canada. Winner of a Governor General’s Literary

of the ruins, a history of the Lake and stories of trappers,

Award in 2021, Norma Dunning’s masterful storytelling uses

scientists and climbers who explored the South Nahanni,

humour and incisive detail to create compelling characters

the Flat, and Glacier Lake near the Cirque of the Unclimbables.

who must rely on their wits, artistic talent, senses of humour

It includes a summary of events that led to the expansion

and spirituality for survival.

of Nahanni Park.

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Carrying a good selection of northern titles.

Check out the website.

We ship worldwide!

4921 - 49th Street Yellowknife, NT X1A 2N9 1-800-944-6029 / 867-920-2220

yellowknifebooks.com 48

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022

INUIT FORUM

Catholic Church must commit to meaningful action on reconciliation Spirituality is a large part of what makes up the Catholic Church, but it’s not the only part. The Church is © Jessica Deeks

also an administrative system, with its own government, systems and political leadership. It was this system that worked with governments in Canada to establish residential schools in Indigenous communities, including Chesterfield Inlet in what is now Nunavut.

The headquarters of the Church is a city-state known as the Vatican, housed within the capital of Italy. Its current leader is Pope Francis, who serves as both the head of state and of the church. In 2019, the Canadian Council of Catholic Bishops (CCCB), the church’s governing body in Canada, invited the leaders of the Assembly of First Nations, the Metis National Council, as well as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami to meet with Pope Francis at the Vatican to advance healing and understanding.

We accepted this offer and have been working with the CCCB to assemble delegations and prepare the logistics for a visit of truth and

Our Lady of Victory, better known as the Igloo Church in Inuvik, Inuvialuit Settlement Region. © Wikimedia Commons/Adam Jones

reconciliation. We were prepared to make the trip in December 2021

monetary restitution for actions of the church that have directly

but were forced by the changing nature of the pandemic to reschedule.

contributed to some of the long-standing inequity we experience today.

We now expect to meet with the Holy Father in March 2022.

The ITK Board of Directors has asked me to lead the delegation,

I will also urge the Church to work with the Government of Canada and Indigenous organizations to reunite children buried in unmarked

which will include individuals from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region,

graves with their communities. This includes fulfilling the Church’s legal

Nunavut and Nunavik. It will be the first meeting between a sitting

obligations to produce all school records under the terms of the Indian

Pope and Inuit, and the first opportunity for us to share the pain our

Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. The spirit of reconciliation

communities have experienced under the leadership of the Church.

also demands that the Church agree to participate in a third-party

The hour-long closed encounter in the Pope’s office at the Vatican will

investigation of its archives to uncover necessary records.

be followed by a larger encounter with all Indigenous delegates on the

And finally, we will call on the Church for support in holding to

final day of our visit. It will be a difficult and emotional time. But it is not

account individuals who committed crimes in the name of the Church.

enough for Pope Francis to listen to our words. Inuit need him to direct

We continue to seek justice for the horrific legacy of abuse of Inuit

the administrative arms of his church to take action in critical areas

children at the hands of Johannes Rivoire, an Oblate priest at the

where the church has yet to follow through on its commitments.

Sir Joseph Bernier School (Turquetil Hall) in Chesterfield Inlet. The

One of the key messages I will bring forward is that the Calls to

Church must commit to work with governments and with Inuit

Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada must be

to bring about justice for survivors of abuse and their families.

implemented in full, including Call to Action 58 – an apology by the

I hope that Pope Francis will truly hear these messages, and work

Pope to survivors and their families for the Roman Catholic Church’s role

with us to help our people heal. Inuit know what it means to persevere

in the spiritual, cultural, emotional, physical and sexual abuse of First

through hardship. Many among us carry a heavy load. But there is hope.

Nations, Inuit and Metis children in Catholic-run residential schools.

Inuit deserve to be heard and we will carry a message of unity and

We hope that this apology would take place in Canada.

strength with us to the Vatican.

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I will call on the Church to fulfill its legal obligations under the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, including to provide

50

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Natan Obed President, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami

ABOVE&BEYOND MARCH/APRIL 2022