Ariana #03

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Summer 夏

2019 HK$50 | MOP50

Shedding light on social issues in Asia 揭示亞洲社會問題

Three women, three cities, three cultures of sexual harassment 三 位 女 性 、三 個 城 市 、三 種 性 騷 擾 文 化

Male victims confront toxic gender stereotypes 反抗性別刻板印象的男性受害者

How outdated laws stall justice in Hong Kong 過時法律如何窒礙 香 港 彰 顯 公 義？

M A S T H E A D 出版頁

Publisher 出版商 i-CABLE Communications Limited

Cover Illustrators 封面插畫師 Rui Rasquinho, Nó Projectos

Executive Director 行政總監 Andrew Chiu

Illustrators 插畫師 Bruno Silva, Lauren Crow, Rui Rasquinho

Production 製作 Ariana Life

Social Media Manager 社交媒體經理 Tina Chu

Editor-in-Chief 總編輯 Mariana César de Sá

Distribution Manager 發行經理 Connie Cottam

Managing Editor 管理編輯 Kate Springer

Printing 印刷 Asia One Printing Ltd

Editor-at-Large 特約編輯 Gonçalo César de Sá

Distribution 物流 One Logistics

Deputy Editor 副編輯 Cathy Lai Features Editor 專題故事編輯 Samuel Miller Chinese Copy Editors 中文文字編輯 Ho Kam Yuen, Ruby Lai Writers 作者 Anna Simpson, Chermaine Lee, Karen Cheung, Marianna Cerini, Mark O’Neill, Megan Clement, Mei Kwan Ng, Rafelle Allego, Rhea Mogul, Tomomi Kikuchi

Get in touch 聯絡我們 Story ideas and feedback 歡迎將意見或報導題材分享至

editorial@arianalife.com

Partnership inquiries 查詢合作，請電郵至

Translators 翻譯員 Tammy Lai-Ming Ho, W.A.S Translation, Xinqi Su Proofreaders 校對員 Anna O’Connor, Yoko Siu Designers 設計師 Fernando Chan, Inês de Campos Alves Photographers 攝影師 Anthony Kwan, Christopher Button, Cheong Kam Ka, Donl Photography, James Ng, Karma Lo, Samuel Miller, Sara Farid, Stephanie Teng, Takashi Aoyama

partners@arianalife.com

Room 1902-1903, 19/F Far East Consortium Building 121 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong 香港中環 德輔道中121號 遠東發展大廈19樓 1902-1903室

arianamag.hk ARIANA 2019

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C O N T E N T S 目錄

32

03

54

08 In the News 寰球新聞

A survey of new legislation, social movements and conflicts around the world. 一覽世界各地的新法例、社會運動和矛盾。

12 World of Change 變革世界

Four impactful projects offering support and solutions. 四個提供的支援和解決方案的重要計劃。

20 Mind Over Matter 心勝於物

On a mission to destigmatise mental health, Mind Hong Kong provides vital resources.

Mind HK提供重要資源，旨在讓精神健康擺脫負面標籤。

26 Support Network 支援網絡

Urban Spring's Ada Yip mentors siblings Sophia and Abraham Chan on a new online support platform.

Urban Spring葉蓁蓁指導兄妹陳君泰與陳君翹建立全新網上支援平台。

32 Healing Through Art 藝術療傷

Stephanie Teng explores the psychological impact of sexual violence in her photography. 鄧詩廷通過攝影探索性暴力的心理影響。

40 Full of Hope 滿懷希望

Philanthropist Jo Soo-Tang shares the inspiration behind the Women of Hope campaign. 慈善家鄧蘇瑋愉分享Women of Hope計劃背後的理念。

46 By the Numbers 看數說話

A visual explanation of sexual harassment across the globe. 以圖像呈現全球性騷擾數據。

54 A Matter of Time 時間問題

What happens when women speak up about sexual violence in Japan, France and Hong Kong? 在日本、法國和香港，公開性暴力經歷的女性要面對甚麼？

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ARIANA 2019

98

126

70 What Lies Beneath 潛藏的痛

Following incidences of sexual violence as a child, one woman spends decades in pain. 童年遭遇性暴力之後，一個女人在痛苦中度過了數十年。

82 Justice on Hold 公義未至

In Hong Kong, long-held cultural norms and an outdated legal system stall justice for victims. 在香港，根深蒂固的文化規範和過時的司法體系妨礙受害人尋求公義。

90 A Deafening Silence 震耳欲聾的沉默

Male victims struggle to speak up due to traditional notions of masculinity. 男性受害者奮力發聲，以擺脫對男子氣概的傳統印象。

98 An Impossible Choice 不可能的抉擇

Some Southeast Asian women move to Macao for better opportunities only to find a lose-lose situation. 一些東南亞女性來到澳門尋求更佳的工作機會，卻發現自己陷入雙輸困境。

112 The Seawall 防波堤

A virtual world governed by surveillance tackles sexual harassment, but to what end? 一個用監控來對抗性騷擾的虛擬世界，但真正的目的是甚麼？

120 Work in Progress 未竟之路

Hong Kong and Macao residents discuss the impact of sexual harassment on the community. 香港人和澳門人討論性騷擾對社區的影響。

126 Prisoners of an Island 島囚

A collaborative poetry and photography series captures the restlessness of the Hong Kong spirit. 以詩歌和攝影集捕捉香港之焦躁不安。

136 Healing Hong Kong 療愈香港

We trace the life of Sister Mary Aquinas, a nun and doctor who fought tuberculosis in Hong Kong. 記取在香港抗擊肺結核的醫生兼修女歐桂蘭的一生。 ARIANA 2019

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“Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.”

「當我們對重要的事變得沉默 ，我們人生便開始失去價值 。」

Martin Luther King, Jr. 馬丁路德金

Sponsors 贊助人 Ada Wang Bonnie Li Evelyn Lam Galon Kwok Gigi Ma Jenny Wong 4

ARIANA 2019

EDITOR'S LETTER 主編語

S

ince 2006 when New York civil rights activist Tarana Burke first coined the term, the #MeToo Movement has led to an outpouring of allegations, countless resignations and indictments – showing just how deeply sexual harassment has penetrated our society.

Answering calls for transparency and protection, we’ve seen the rise of office surveillance and glass-walled conference rooms, as well as the implementation of sexual harassment policies around the globe. But why do we need external boundaries to see the line? We should inherently protect and be kind to one another.

This profound reckoning across society has motivated the Ariana team to share stories of sexual violence as well as unpack the psychological, professional, and legal ramifications. In this issue, we traverse borders from Japan to Hong Kong to France to investigate how different cultures encourage or deter victims from speaking up (pg. 54). We also decode Hong Kong’s legal process – a system that often fails victims due to outdated loopholes (pg. 82).

We talk to several victims of sexual abuse in Hong Kong and Macao who have summoned the courage to come forward. In one case, a woman spends much of her life trying to overcome the horrors of her childhood (pg. 70). In another, domestic workers are caught in a lose-lose situation where they must choose justice or a paycheck (pg. 98).

As a society, we’re influenced by a self-imposed belief system that dictates gender norms, providing little room for honest and open conversations. That’s why sharing stories from men who have been sexually harassed has been another essential part of this issue (pg. 90).

We would like to thank the brave people who shared their experiences with us. They overcame personal obstacles, fears of retaliation, and potential backlash from peers to make their voices heard with hopes that, by coming forward, they can keep something similar from happening to others.

When one person stands up, this has a powerful knock-on effect – one voice can turn into 10, because it empowers others to find the confidence to share their own story. We strive to further amplify their voices through Ariana and encourage you to share these stories with colleagues, friends, family members and, most importantly, those who are seeking support.

Editor-in-Chief

Mariana César de Sá

#

MeToo一詞由紐約民權運動家Tarana Burke於 2006 年首次提出，這項運動至今已經引發了大量的指 控、無數的辭呈和訴訟，可見性騷擾在我們的社 會中植根多深。 在增加透明度和保障的呼聲下，我們在全球已看到 越來越多的辦公室監控和玻璃幕牆會議室，也看到防 止性騷擾政策的落實。可是，我們為甚麼要通過構建 外在的界限才能讓大家看到那條紅線？我們本來就應 該保護和善待他人。 這 種 深 刻 的 社 會 檢 討 推 動 Ariana 團 隊 分 享 關 於 性 暴力的故事，以及解構性暴力在心理、職業和法律上 衍生的影響。在本期雜誌中，我們跨越地域界限，從 日本到香港到法國，調查不同文化如何鼓勵或阻嚇受 害人發聲（ 54頁）。我們也分析了香港的司法程序， 探討這個充滿過時漏洞的體制如何窒礙受害人討回 公道（ 82頁）。 我們與香港和澳門數名敢於公開自己經歷的性侵 受害人對談。在其中一個個案裡，一名女性花了大半 生試圖克服童年時遭受性侵所帶來的陰影（ 70頁）， 而在另一篇報導裡，陷入雙輸困局的家庭傭工必須在 尋求公義和養家糊口之中作出抉擇（ 98頁）。 我們的社會被一種自我強加的信念所影響，這種 信念主宰性別常規，拒絕給予真誠公開對話足夠的空 間。這就是為甚麼分享男性遭受性騷擾的經歷也是這 個議題不可或缺的部分（ 90頁）。 我們衷心感謝那些勇敢地與我們分享經歷的人。 他們克服了個人心理障礙、對遭受報復的恐懼，以 及可能來自朋輩的批評，願意站出來表達自己的聲 音，並希望透過自己挺身而出使他人免於遭遇同樣 的經歷。 當有一個人站起來，就會帶來強大的連鎖效應—— 一把聲音可以變成十把，因為它會給予其他人力量， 去鼓起勇氣分享自己的故事。我們希望透過 Ariana讓 他們的聲音變得更強大，也希望你會與同事、朋友、 家人，尤其是正在尋求協助的人，分享這些故事。

總編輯

沙欣賢 ARIANA 2019

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27.7 BILLION RMB

Annual operating income in 2018 2018年度的營業收入

43.8 BILLION RMB Total assets 公司總資產

INNOVATION DRIVES PROGRESS

科技創新 引領進步

At Lens Technology, China’s leading manufacturer of glass and metal parts for

作為全球消費電子產品功能視窗及外觀防護零部件行業的領

That’s why we invest roughly RMB 1.2-1.5 billion in research and development each

這就是我們每年在研發上投入12-15億元人民幣的原因。目前，

national patents, 13 international patents and 1,100 authorised patents.

專利，專利數量在同行中遙遙領先。

consumer electronics, we believe that true leadership is rooted in innovation.

year. We have also secured the highest number of patents in the industry with 1,500

導者，藍思科技集團相信真正的領導力植根於創新思維。

我們還擁有超過1,500項國內專利、13項國際專利、1,100項授權

We are constantly exploring emerging technologies such as 3D glasses, sapphire,

此外，我們還不斷研發新興科技，例如3D玻璃、藍寶石、精密金

world-class products into the hands of consumers.

帶到消費者手中。

precision metal and ceramics, biometrics, automatic production, and more, to put

屬及陶瓷面板、生物識別、自動化生產等，致力將世界級的產品

As a believer in the‘Made in China 2025’strategy, we’re 「藍思科技積極響應『中國製造2025』戰略，我們很榮 “proud 幸能夠透過生產尖端消費電子零件，彰顯中國製造商的 to produce cutting-edge consumer electronics parts that 魄力與創造力。」 show the drive and ingenuity of Chinese manufacturers. ” Founder Chau Kwanfai 創始人周群飛

1,500

Number of national patents 國內專利數量

40 BILLION RMB

Investment in Hunan Province 在湖南省的投資總額

100,000

Employees in Hunan Province 在湖南省的員工數目

Hong Kong

Big Win

Hong Kong’s highest court granted same-sex couple spousal benefits and the right to file joint tax returns in early June. Immigration officer Angus Leung, who married Scott Adams in New Zealand, had sued the Civil Service Bureau and the Inland Revenue Department for denying his husband the benefits enjoyed by heterosexual couples.

"We think that as ordinary citizens, we shouldn't be going through such a process, to fight for such basic family rights,” Leung said outside court.

香港

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Kin Cheung / AP Photo

IN THE NEWS 寰球新聞

Taiwan

First in Asia

Taiwan became the first place in Asia to legalise same-sex marriage this May. Lawmakers approved the legislation two years after the territory’s Constitutional Court ruled that the former law, which restricted marriage to heterosexual relationships, was unconstitutional. “We hope this landmark vote will generate waves across Asia and offer a much-needed boost in the struggle for equality for LGBTI people in the region,” said Annie Huang, acting director of Amnesty International Taiwan in a press statement.

台灣

大贏家

亞洲第一

香港終審法院在今年6月初承認了同性伴侶的配偶福利和合併報 稅的權利。入境處職員梁鎮罡在紐西蘭與Scott Adams結婚後， 向公務員事務局和稅務局申請異性伴侶享有的配偶福利，遭到 兩局拒絕，於是入稟法庭尋求司法覆核。「我們作為小市民， 要經過這樣艱苦冗長的方法，才可以得到一個基本的家庭權利， 其實是很不應該的。」梁鎮罡在法庭外說。

今年5月，台灣成為了亞洲第一個通過同性婚姻合法化的地方。 兩年前，台灣的司法院裁定此前只容許異性婚姻的法律是違憲 的。兩年後，立法院投票通過同性婚姻專法。「我們希望這次 歷史性的表決會在亞洲帶起風潮，為亞洲爭取平權的性小眾帶 來他們亟待的鼓舞。」國際特赦組織台灣分會代理秘書長黃尚 卿在一份新聞稿中說道。

ARIANA 2019

Macao

Notable Exclusions

In June, the government of Macao proposed new minimum wage requirements, which are expected to take effect this September.

The bill will increase minimum wages to MOP6,656 per month for all employees except domestic and disabled workers. Meanwhile, various domestic workers associations in Macao are demanding the introduction of a minimum monthly wage of MOP5,000, which would still be around 25 per cent less than the proposed minimum wage by the government.

澳門

US

Few Exceptions

Alabama Governor Kay Ivey signed into law a near-total ban on abortions this May. Scheduled to take effect in November, the new law pardons women with serious health problems but makes no exceptions for victims of rape and incest. It also classifies the procedure as a Class A felony – alongside murder, rape, kidnapping, arson and fraud – and punishes an abortion provider with 10 to 99 years in jail. Hundreds of people protested the law, while at least 180 CEOs across the country signed an open letter expressing concern.

美國

公然排擠

無一例外

澳門政府在6月公佈的《僱員的最低工資》法案將於9月生效。 法案提議將各行各業最低工資提高到每月6,656元澳門幣，但 排除了家庭傭工和殘疾僱員。同時，澳門的多個家庭傭工組 織正要求將家傭的最低月薪定為4,500至5,000元澳門幣，但即 便提高至此水平，家庭傭工的最低月薪仍然比政府建議的低 四分之一。

美國阿拉巴馬州州長Kay Ivey今年5月簽署法案，通過近乎完全 禁止墮胎的新法。今年11月將生效的墮胎禁令，只允許有嚴重 健康問題的女性墮胎，但對於強暴和亂倫的受害者則不予豁免。 法例還將墮胎列為一級重罪，與謀殺、強暴、綁架、縱火和詐騙 同級，並且訂明墮胎手術的提供者可被判入獄10年到99年。數 百人示威反對新法，全國至少180名行政總裁也聯署表達憂慮。

Australia Australia’s National Catholic Education Commission disinvited outspoken American nun, Sister Joan Chittister, from speaking at its 2020 conference because the archbishop of Melbourne, Peter Comensoli, had not endorsed her invitation. Chittister, aged 83, has long been an active feminist and scholar. She believes the rejection is directly linked to her women’s empowerment work. “I see it as a lot bigger than one conference … I see it as an attitude of mind that is dangerous to the church,” she told The New York Times in an interview.

澳洲

Alex Wong / Getty Images

Broken Faith

破碎信仰 澳洲國家天主教教育委員會取消對敢言美國修女 Joan Chittister的演講邀請，因為墨爾本教省總主教 Peter Comensoli不同意讓她在該會舉辦的 2020年會上發 言。 83歲的 Chittister一直是活躍的女權主義者和學者。她相 信有關邀請之所以會被取消，與她的女性充權工作直接相 關。「我認為這決定比年會本身重大多了……這種思想對於 教會來說很危險。」她在接受《紐約時報》訪問時說。

ARIANA 2019

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AAmir Qureshi / Getty Images

IN THE NEWS 寰球新聞

US

Chain Reaction

In New Jersey, billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein, 66, was arrested in July on sex trafficking charges. According to a 53-page federal indictment, Epstein was accused of luring dozens of underage girls to his residence to perform nude massages, during which he would allegedly molest them.

However, before the case could go to trial, Epstein was found dead in his cell in what has been deemed an 'apparent suicide'. Due to the suspicious circumstances, the Justice Department's inspector general has opened an investigation into Epstein's death. "Today's events are disturbing, and we are deeply aware of their potential to present yet another hurdle to giving Epstein's many victims their day in Court," Geoffrey Berman, the US attorney overseeing the case, said in a statement. "Our investigation of the conduct charged in the Indictment – which included a conspiracy count – remains ongoing."

美國

連鎖效應 美 國 新 澤 西 州 億 萬 富 豪 、 66 歲 的 Jeffrey Epstein 於7月因涉嫌性販運被捕。 53 頁的 聯 邦 檢 方 起 訴 書 指 出 ， Epstein被 控 引 誘 數十名未成年少女到他的寓所為他裸體 按摩，其間他會猥褻這些少女。然而， 在案件進入審判程序之前， Epstein 被發 現在自己的牢房中死於「明顯自殺」。 由於情況可疑，司法部檢察長已開始調查 Epstein 的死因。負責監督案件的美國檢 察官 Geoffrey Berman 表示：「今天的事 件令人不安，我們深知這些事件有可能再 次阻礙 Epstein 的許多受害者出庭。我們 對起訴書中指控的行為（包括陰謀罪名） 的調查仍在繼續。」 10

ARIANA 2019

Pakistan

Court Order

Ranked the world’s sixth most dangerous country for women, according to a 2018 global survey by Thomson Reuters Foundation, Pakistan announced a plan this June to set up more than 1,000 special courts dedicated to handling sexual and domestic violence cases in a safe and sensitive environment. According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, the conservative Muslim country recorded at least 845 incidents of sexual violence against women last year.

巴基斯坦

法庭命令 2018年湯森路透基金會的全球調查將巴基斯坦列為對女性而言全球第六危險的國 家。該國在6月公佈一項計劃，將設立超過1,000個專門法庭，為性暴力和家庭暴力 案件的受害人提供一個安全和體貼的審理環境。巴基斯坦人權委員會指出，這個保 守的穆斯林國家去年錄得至少845宗針對女性的性暴力個案。

India

A Step Forward

Women made substantial strides in India’s recent general elections. In May, the world’s largest democracy elected 78 out of 716 female candidates to the lower house of India’s bicameral Parliament, filling 14 per cent of the 545 seats. The results represent a 25 per cent increase compared with the 2014 elections, when 62 women were elected.

However, India is still behind the global average of women in national parliaments, which currently stands at 23.8 per cent.

印度

踏前一步 在印度最近的大選中，女性邁出了重要的一大步。今年5月，這個全球最大的民主國 家從716名女性候選人中選出了78人進入議會的下議院，佔545個議席的14%。這比 2014年大選時62名女性當選增加了四分之一。不過，印度議會的女性代表比例仍然落 後於全球平均的23.8%。

SEXUAL HARASSMENT NEWS 性騷擾相關新聞 World 全球

India

Ending Triple Talaq

India's parliament passed a bill on 30 July that criminalises ‘triple talaq’ (also known as instant divorce) with a penalty of up to three years in prison.

The Muslim practice enabled a man to divorce his wife by repeating the word talaq (meaning ‘divorce’) three times in person – or via email or text message.

While supporters such as Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi called the result "a victory of gender justice," opponents such as Indian politician Asaduddin Owaisi warned that the law may force a woman to stay with an abusive husband.

印度

PROTECTION FOR ALL 保護所有人

The fight to end workplace sexual harassment and gender-based violence achieved an international milestone this June, when the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO) established the first-ever global convention and recommendation to “combat violence and harassment at work.” Binding for ILO’s 187 member states when it goes into effect next year, the resolution strives to prevent gender-based violence and harassment, protect victims from retaliation, and provide appropriate redress across all sectors and strata, from factory workers to interns, domestic workers to CEOs. 今年6月，撲滅職場性騷擾和性別暴力的抗爭運動在國際上樹立了一座里程碑──聯合國國際 勞工組織（ILO）建立了第一套國際公約和建議，以「打擊職場暴力和騷擾」。明年起，這份 公約將在ILO的187個成員國生效，有關決議致力於防止性別暴力和騷擾、保障受害者免受報 復，並為各行業各階層的僱員提供合理的賠償。公約涵蓋工廠工人、實習生、家庭傭工， 乃至行政總裁。

New York 紐約

COMPREHENSIVE REFORMS 全方位改革

On 19 June, lawmakers in New York passed a bill that dramatically reforms existing state laws on workplace harassment. Under the new legislation, workplace harassment no

終結「三讀離婚」

longer needs to be “severe or pervasive” in order for employees to pursue legal recourse.

印 度 國 會 於 7月 30日 通 過 法 案 ， 將 「三聲休妻」（又稱即時離婚）列 為刑事罪行，最高刑罰為入獄三 年。這種穆斯林習俗允許男性通過 說 出 talaq（ 意 為 離 婚 ） 三 次 ， 電 郵或文字短訊亦可，從而與自己的 妻子離婚。雖然印度總理莫迪等支 持者稱法案的通過是「性別正義 的 勝 利 」 ， 但 印 度 政 客 As a du d d i n O w ais i 等 反 對 者 則 警 告 有 關 法 例 可 能讓女性無法離開施暴的丈夫。

In addition, the bill extends the statute of limitations for reporting offenses to three years, and bars employers from silencing workers with nondisclosure agreements. According to Assemblywoman Aravella Simotas, a sponsor of the legislation, the reforms will “empower workers and make it easier to hold bad actors accountable.”

6月19日，紐約市議員投票通過法案，大幅改革現行防止職場騷擾的州法律。根據新的法 例，職場騷擾不再需要達到「嚴重或普遍」的程度，僱員才可在法律上追究。此外，法例 將舉報的有效期擴展到三年，並禁止僱主以非公開協議迫使員工噤聲。支持法案的女議員 Aravella Simotas說，有關改革將「充實員工的權利，並更容易使不良僱主負責」。

Hong Kong 香港

MORE SEX EDUCATION 更多性教育

James Lung Wai-man, leader of ethnic minority concern group Southern Democratic Alliance, was arrested in May on suspicions of indecent assault and

Naveed Ahmed / Unsplash

producing child pornography. The arrest occurred after pictures surfaced online showing Lung having inappropriate physical contact with girls, many of whom appeared to be under 10 years old and from ethnic minority groups. Expressing concern about the incidents, child protection and ethnic minority welfare groups in Hong Kong have recommended a more comprehensive sex education curriculum for young girls so they know how to identify and report sexual abuse. 少數族裔關注組織「南方民主同盟」主席龍緯汶涉嫌非禮及製作兒童色情物品，於5月被警 方拘捕。龍緯汶被捕前有照片在網上流出，顯示他與多名看起來不到10歲的少數族裔女童有 不當的身體接觸。關注事件的兒童保護組織和少數族裔組織建議香港為少數族裔女孩提供更 全面的性教育，讓她們知道如何分辨和舉報性侵犯。

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WORLD OF CHANGE 變革世界 Hong Kong

Eco Atrophy After writer and environmental activist Tanja Wessels and photographer Alex Macro met in 2017 through Circular Community Hong Kong, an environmentally focused networking group, they began exploring unexpected ways to raise awareness about sustainability. Their efforts evolved into Eco Atrophy, an ongoing awareness campaign that traverses mediums, from photography projects to art installations.

Last year, Wessels spent a week collecting surplus cling film packaging from her local supermarket. It quickly amassed into a 13-kilogramme ball, which the duo displayed at The Conscious Festival 2018 at PMQ to illustrate the unimaginable volume of single-use plastic waste generated every second.

For their most recent project, Wessels and Macro teamed up with multidisciplinary sports competition Adventure Cleanup Challenge to spread awareness about the city’s waste-clogged coastlines through a powerful photo series.

香港

Eco Atrophy 2017年，作家兼環境倡議者Tanja Wessels與攝影師Alex Macro 通過環保網絡Circular Community Hong Kong認識後，二人便開始 探索新方法，去提升人們的可持續發展意識。他們的努力孕育 了Eco Atrophy（生態萎縮），這項倡議活動運用攝影以至藝術裝 置等多種媒介，目前仍在進行中。 去年，Wessels花了一星期從她周邊的超市收集多餘的包裝薄膜。 這些薄膜很快就堆積成一個13公斤重的大球，她和Macro將這個大 球放在PMQ的Conscious Festival 2018上展出，讓人們看到份量如此 驚人的一次性塑膠廢料如何分分秒秒都在產生。 Wessels和Macro最近期的項目，就是與跨界運動比賽Adventure Cleanup Challenge合作，通過富有震撼力的攝影系列提升人們對香 港海灘垃圾的認知。

Learn more 詳情請看 tanjawessels.com

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Alex Macro

Wessels on Lap Sap Wan beach at Cape D’Aguilar in Shek O, in May 2019.

2019年5月，Wessels在石澳鶴咀垃圾灣。

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UK

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英國

AWA Dance Initiative

舞動起來

The dance industry’s infamously patriarchal infrastructure has affected women’s professional growth for decades. Fewer than a third of artistic directors in the US are women, according to the Dance Data Project.

Mallorcan-born ballet dancer and choreographer Avatâra Ayuso is striving for better balance. In 2008, she founded Ava Dance Company, a dance ‘laboratory’ in the UK where female dancers and creative collaborators from other backgrounds, such as poets and architects, work together on contemporary dance projects.

Earlier this year, Ayuso established the AWA Dance Initiative (Advancing Women’s Aspirations in Dance) to support girls’ and women’s leadership development on and off the stage. Set to debut next year, AWA will use dance as a tool to connect professional female dancers and aspiring youth in a series of events across the UK and Europe.

舞蹈行業為人詬病的父權架構，數十年來一直影響女 性在此專業領域中的發展。「舞蹈數據計劃」指出， 在美國，不到三分之一的藝術總監是女性。 生於馬略卡島的芭蕾舞者和編舞師Avatâra Ayuso 正致力透過舞蹈改善這權力不均的狀況。2008年， 她成立了Ava舞蹈團。在這個位於英國的舞蹈「實驗 室」中，女性舞者和其他來自不同背景的創意夥伴， 比如詩人和建築師，一起創作現代舞。 今年早前，Ayuso成立AWA舞蹈計劃（Advancing Women’s Aspirations in Dance）合作，以支持女孩和 婦女在舞台上下發展領導能力。預計於明年正式亮相 的AWA將在英國和歐洲的一系列活動中，透過舞蹈連 結專業女性舞者和有志青年。

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AVA Dance Company

Learn more 詳情請看 avadancecompany.com

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Girls Who Code

US

Girls Who Code A nonprofit based in the US, Girls Who Code was established by Reshma Saujani in 2012 with a mission to close the gender gap in the technology industry. Since then, the organisation has opened more than 4,000 Girls Who Code clubs across the US and taught more than 185,000 girls – half of whom come from historically underrepresented groups.

In addition to courses, Girls Who Code provides career pathways and a supportive community of peers and role models. Looking ahead, the nonprofit plans to team up with tech giant Apple to provide coding courses to 90,000 more girls around the US. “From the time girls are young, we are teaching them to smile and be pretty, to play it safe and get all A’s,” Saujani told CNBC in an interview. “And we’re not teaching them to take risks, we’re not teaching them to fail. And so much about coding is about failing.”

美國

編程女生 「編程女生」是一個美國非牟利組織，由Reshma Saujani於2012年成立，使命是收窄科技產業中的 性別差距。至今，該組織已經在全美開設了超過 4,000個編程女生社，並教授了超過18.5萬名女孩， 其中一半來自歷史上未獲充分代表的群體。 除了編程課程，「編程女生」還提供職涯路徑、 同儕及模範人物支援網絡。這個非牟利組織將與科 技巨頭蘋果公司合作，向全美超過九萬名女孩提供編 程課程。 Saujani在接受CNBC訪問時說：「女孩子們從小 就被教導要微笑，要漂亮，不可冒險，要科科拿A。 我們不會教她們冒險，不會教她們失敗。但編程的過 程中，許多事就與失敗有關。」 Learn more 詳情請看 girlswhocode.com

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Global

Zero Impunity A global social justice movement, Zero Impunity endeavors to give a voice to disenfranchised victims of sexual violence in conflict zones across Syria, Ukraine and the Central African Republic. The organisation combats the issue from all angles – investigative reports, documentaries, activism, art and online polls – in an effort to raise awareness.

At its core is a namesake animated film, Zero Impunity, by French directors Denis Lambert and brothers Nicolas Blies and Stéphane Hueber-Blies, which was released earlier this year. Based on six indepth investigations by 11 female journalists, the film recounts stories of sexual crimes during war through the voices of survivors, whistle-blowers and psychologists. 環球

零免罰 全球社會公義運動「零免罰」力圖為敘利亞、烏克蘭和 中非共和國衝突地區中的性暴力受害者發聲。該組織透 過調查報告、紀錄片、社會倡議、藝術和網絡調查， 對此議題發起了全方位的抗爭﹐以提升公眾意識。 此運動的核心項目是同名動畫電影《零免罰》。 電影由法國導演Denis Lambert，以及Nicolas Blies和 Stéphane Hueber-Blies兄弟聯合執導，已在今年早前 發佈。該電影以11名女記者所做的六個深度調查報導為 藍本，透過生還者、舉報者和心理學家的述說，重現 了戰爭中的性罪行故事。

Learn more 詳情請看 zeroimpunity.com

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Zero Impunity

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MIND OVER MATTER 心勝於物

Local charity Mind Hong Kong has developed a series of training programmes and online resources to destigmatise mental health in Hong Kong. 本地慈善組織Mind HK開發了一系列訓練課程和網上資源，以消除香港對 精神健康問題的汙名。

Words 文 Chermaine Lee

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M I N D O V E R M AT T E R 心 勝 於 物

H

ong Kong ranked the fifth ‘most stressed’ population in the 2018 Cigna 360 Well-Being Survey (which covered 23 countries and territories) and, according to the Hospital Authority, the number of residents seeking treatment for mental problems rose 30 per cent, from 20,000 in 2011 to around 30,000 in 2016.

That’s why Mind Hong Kong believes that talking about psychological wellbeing is essential. Launched in 2017 under the umbrella of the Patient Care Foundation – a healthcare charity established by obstetrician-gynecologist Dr Lucy Lord and Eric Chen, Department of Psychiatry head at University of Hong Kong – Mind Hong Kong aims to destigmatise mental health in the city.

The organisation approaches the problem from all angles: They provide training and support, raise awareness through online and offline campaigns, and provide a hub of informative online content.

“What we’ve seen in Hong Kong is that there’s a big lack of awareness around mental health problems. A lot of people are suffering and struggling without the support they need,” says Dr Hannah Reidy, the CEO of Mind Hong Kong.

“People often recognise they’re in a bad mood or show physical manifestations of stress – like stomach pains or sleeplessness – but instead of addressing the underlying psychological issues behind it, they try to treat their surface-level symptoms. This can sometimes result in unhelpful coping strategies, such as avoidance or self-medication.”

Anthony K wan

SETTING A NEW STANDARD The available support for those experiencing mental health problems in Hong Kong is far from international standards. There are currently 355 psychiatrists employed by the Hospital Authority and roughly 160 private practitioners. That’s 6.9 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, compared with 10.54 in the US and 14.68 in Canada, according to the World Health Organization.

Currently, there are three major avenues available for those seeking affordable mental support. These include an Integrated Community Centre for Mental Wellness in every district (which provides counselling and reintegration services to mentally ill patients), affordable public services via the Hospital Authority (HK$135 for

根

據 2018年 信 諾 「 360°健 康 指 數 」 調 查 ，

香港是調查覆蓋的23個國家和地區中壓力第 五大的地區。而醫院管理局（醫管局）的數 據顯示，尋求精神診療的本地居民從2011年的兩萬人增 加到2016年的三萬人，增長了三成。 這就是為甚麼Mind HK相信，討論心理健康是有 必 要 的 。 2017年 ， Mind HK由 眷 顧 患 者 基 金 會 成 立 （基金會發起人為婦產科醫生Lucy Lord和香港大學精 神病學教授Eric Chen），致力消除心理健康問題在香 港的汙名。 該組織全方位地應對這個問題：他們提供訓練和支 援，通過線上和線下活動來增進人們的認知，並且建立 了一個資訊豐富的網上中心。 「我們在香港看到的是，人們對心理健康問題的認 知嚴重不足。許多人正在受苦和掙扎，但得不到所需的 支援。」Mind HK的行政總裁、Hannah Reidy博士說。 「人們通常能夠意識到自己心情不好，或者出現壓 力大的生理反應，比如肚痛或失眠，但他們都不會處理 根本上的心理問題，而只是嘗試治療表面症狀。他們 有時會以無用的策略應對，比如逃避或自行服藥。」

設定新標準 香港對精神健康病人的支援與國際標準相去甚遠。 目前醫管局聘請了355名精神科醫生，另外有大約160名 私家醫生，也就是每10萬人大約有6.9名精神科醫生。 而根據世界衛生組織的數據顯示，在美國，每10萬人 有10.54名精神科醫生，而加拿大則有14.68名。 目前，尋求支援者可負擔的精神健康服務主要有三 大來源，包括各區的精神健康綜合社區中心（對精神病 患者提供諮詢和重新融入社會的服務）、醫管局轄下的 公營醫療服務（首次看診費用為135元港幣，之後每次 80元），以及NGO提供的免費或低收費服務。 「要在公共醫療系統看一次精神科醫生，人們可能 要等上兩年半，更別提只有26%的病人說他們真的會去 尋求醫生協助。」Reidy說。 就算人們知道自己需要求助，他們往往都很怕 走出來，因為在香港社會，精神健康問題往往被視 為 恥 辱 。 Reidy補 充 道：「人們 認為，如果他們 不 參與 社交，或者不是一直在享受生活，人們對他們的看法就 會改變。人們很怕要向他人承認自己其實不太好，而且 需要幫助。」 為了提供支援，Mind HK開發了一個免費數據庫， 裡面集合了來自姊妹機構Mind UK的逾2,000頁資料， 已全部被譯為繁體中文，並補充了本地化的資訊。 這些資源涵蓋了方方面面，從解釋躁鬱症到精神分裂症， ARIANA 2019

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IN FOCUS 聚焦

initial visit; HK$80 per visit thereafter), and either free or low-cost services via NGOs. “People can wait up to 2.5 years to see a psychiatrist in the government system, not to mention that only about 26 per cent of patients said they would actually seek help,” says Reidy.

Even if they recognise that they might need support, people are often afraid to come forward because there is a lot of shame around mental health problems in Hong Kong society.

“People think that if they are not socialising and having a great time constantly, it will change others’ perceptions of them,” adds Reidy. “There’s a real worry about admitting that you’re not doing so well and need help.”

To provide support, Mind Hong Kong created a database of free resources by gathering more than 2,000 pages of content from sister organisation Mind UK, translating it to Traditional Chinese, then supplementing with localised information. The resources cover everything from explaining bipolar disorders to schizophrenia, as well as debunking common misconceptions such as the difference between clinical depression and feeling depressed.

Mind Hong Kong has also taken its work offline by offering 12-hour courses that train parents, educators, patients and advocates in Mental Health First Aid. During these sessions, which span from single evenings to multiday courses, participants learn how to manage mental health emergencies and identify symptoms of mental health issues, such as panic attacks, anxiety or even suicidal intentions.

The need for these classes, says Reidy, stems from Hongkongers’ reluctance to talk about mental health. Due to long-standing social taboos, many people do not have a working knowledge of mental health conditions and concerns. Often, they do not recognise serious symptoms or know how to support loved ones.

Mind Hong Kong also launched a series of online campaigns in 2018, including #LetsTalk, which endeavours to start conversations about mental health and change public perception. Reidy hopes that by breaking the social stigma around mental health issues, more people feel comfortable to share and seek help.

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STARTING YOUNG While Mind Hong Kong works with people of all ages, the organisation is currently developing additional programmes for young people, who are particularly susceptible to stress and mental disorders. One in three young people between 6 and 24 years old suffers from stress, anxiety or depression, according to a 2018 survey by the Hong Kong Playground Association.

To support this vulnerable demographic, Mind Hong Kong teamed up with KELY Support Group – a local NGO that works with young adults with substance abuse issues – to launch the Coolminds campaign.

M I N D O V E R M AT T E R 心 勝 於 物

Anthony Kwan

以至釋除各種常見誤解，例如確診抑鬱症和感到抑鬱、 焦慮、緊張之間的差別。 Mind HK也在線下展開工作，提供12小時課程以 訓練家長、教育工作者、病人和倡議者，他們稱之為 「精神健康急救」。在連續數晚或者數天的課程中， 參與者會學習如何處理緊急的精神健康問題，以及辨 識精神問題的症狀。 Reidy說，這些課程的需求源於香港人不願意討論 精神健康。由於社會禁忌長期存在，許多人並無關於精 神健康狀況和問題的基本認知。他們通常不能辨識嚴重 的症狀，也不知道如何支援自己所愛的人。 Mind HK也 在 2018年 啟 動 了 一 系 列 網 上 運 動 ， 包括#LetsTalk，嘗試開展有關精神健康的討論和改變 公眾觀感。Reidy希望，通過打破精神健康問題的社會 汙名，讓更多人願意分享和求助。

動員年輕人

“There’s a real worry about admitting that you’re not doing so well and need help.” 「人們很怕要向他人承認自己其 實不太好，而且需要幫助。」 – Dr Hannah Reidy

Mind HK除了為任何年齡的人提供服務外，同時也正 開發專門給年輕人的額外課程，因為後者更容易受到 壓力和精神問題的困擾。香港遊樂場協會在2018年的 一項調查發現，香港6到24歲之間的兒童和青少年中， 有三分之一承受著壓力、焦慮和抑鬱。 為了支援這個脆弱的人群，Mind HK與幫助年輕人 處理濫藥和酗酒問題的本地NGO「啟勵扶青會」合作， 啟動了Coolminds計劃。 這個計劃將於今年秋季啟動，計劃營運三年，目標 是教會年輕人處理精神健康問題的主要技能和認知， 讓他們可以更好地辨識和處理自己的情緒。作為計劃 的一部分，Mind HK也為家長和教師提供精神健康知 識訓練，讓他們可以更好地幫助年輕人。 Coolminds也會邀請曾有精神健康問題的年輕人來 與高中生分享他們的經歷。「在安全和受控的環境討論 這些經歷，一定能讓學生知道討論精神健康問題和求助 都是可以的。」Reidy說。 隨著這個計劃的展開，該組織還計劃推出專用網站 和APP，為學生提供資源。這些網上平台會與本地精神 健康專家合作，為面對高壓處境中的青少年提供策略、 意見和資源，例如那些正準備考試和申請大學的人。

大環境 Reidy說，自兩年前建立以來，Mind HK已經看到香 港社會對精神健康問題的接受程度有所上升，認知也 多了，但前路仍然漫長，尤其是在集體態度方面。 ARIANA 2019

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Mind Hong Kong

IN FOCUS 聚焦

Launching this autumn, the three-year campaign equips young people with essential mental health skills and insights, so they can better recognise and manage their emotions. As part of the programme, Mind Hong Kong also offers mental health literacy training sessions for parents and teachers so they are better prepared to help youth.

Coolminds will also invite youth who had mental health issues to share their experiences with other high school students.

“Talking about these experiences in a safe and controlled environment is a surefire way to allow students to know that it is okay to talk about mental health issues and seek help,” says Reidy.

In line with the campaign launch, the organisation plans to introduce a dedicated website and app that provides targeted resources for students. In collaboration with local mental health specialists, the web platforms will provide strategies, insights and resources for teens who are facing high-pressure situations, such as exams and university applications.

THE BIG PICTURE Since launching Mind Hong Kong two years ago, Reidy says the organisation has witnessed an increased level of mental health acceptance and awareness in Hong Kong but there is still a long way to go, especially when it comes to the city’s collective attitude.

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Through its own research and surveys, Mind Hong Kong has found that roughly three out of four people in Hong Kong believe that mental health patients should be better integrated in the society. However, 40 per cent of respondents say they are not willing to live near people with mental health problems. In addition, 40 per cent of respondents believe the main causes of mental illnesses are a lack of self-discipline and willpower.

Hong Kong’s notoriously intense work culture and high cost of living further aggravate the issue. A UBS report in 2016 found that the city has the longest hours in the world – Hongkongers work an average of 50.1 hours per week, compared with 37.8 hours in Beijing and 30.8 hours in Paris.

“Hong Kong’s work culture is one of presenteeism, where people show up even if they are not productive at work. People feel pressured to stay at work until their boss goes home,” says Reidy. “Sometimes, there is a ‘pull’ factor to stay at work, as rent and living costs are skyhigh here so accommodation is small, cramped and often shared with many other family members – which can be stressful in itself.”

The combination of high-pressure lifestyles, lack of awareness and cultural taboos has created a situation where mental health issues are common yet often go untreated. Looking ahead, Reidy hopes to see the government provide more adequate care across the board and calls upon health insurers to include mental healthcare

A Mind Hong Kong training session.

Mind HK訓練 課程。

M I N D O V E R M AT T E R 心 勝 於 物

“It would be a dream for us to see more positive portrayals of mental health across Hong Kong.” 「能看到香港對於精神健 康問題有更正面的描述， 是我們的夢想。」 – Dr Hannah Reidy

in coverage packages. In Hong Kong, mental healthcare is rarely covered under most health insurance plans and sessions can cost anywhere from HK$1,300 to HK$5,000 per session for private care.

“It is important for all healthcare professionals to treat mental health problems with the same care and attention that they would physical health problems, in order to ensure their patients receive the support they deserve,” said Reidy.

“And in terms of cultural acceptance, it would be a dream for us to see more positive portrayals of mental health across Hong Kong.” 

Mind HK所做的研究和調查顯示，香港有大約四 分之三的人認為，精神病人應該更好地融入社會。不 過，40%的受訪者表示，他們不希望住在精神病人附 近。此外，40%的受訪者相信，精神疾病的主要來源 是不夠自律和意志力。 香港臭名遠播的高壓工作文化和高昂生活成本讓問 題更加嚴重。2016年瑞銀的一份報告指出，香港的工時 全球最長，港人每週平均工作50.1小時，而在北京的人 是37.8小時，在巴黎的人是30.8小時。 Reidy說：「香港的職場文化之一是超時工作，也就 是人們就算沒甚麼工作效率，也要在公司出現。人們覺 得必須留在公司工作，直到老闆回家。有時，留在公司 的一個『拉力』是，昂貴的租金和生活成本令人們的居 住空間狹窄，而且往往要跟許多家庭成員分享空間， 這本身也很有壓力。」 高壓生活、缺乏認知和文化禁忌加起來，使得精神 問題在香港很常見，卻很少被處理。展望將來，Reidy 希望政府可以全面提供更充分的保障，並呼籲人壽保險 公司在保險計劃中加入精神健康保障。在香港，大部分 人壽醫療保險計劃都不包括精神健康，而每看一次私家 精神科醫生可能要花上1,300到5,000元港幣。 Reidy說：「醫護界全體專業人員以對生理健康問題 同樣的關注應對精神健康問題，是很重要的，這可以 保障病人獲得他們應得的支援。至於文化上的接受， 能看到香港對於精神健康問題有更正面的描述，是我 們的夢想。」  Learn more 詳情請看 mind.org.hk

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THE PITCH 變革攻略

SUPPORT NETWORK 支援網絡

On a mission to help students suffering from harassment, teenage siblings Sophia and Abraham Chan discuss how to secure investment with industry veteran Ada Yip. 年輕兄妹陳君泰和陳君翹矢志幫助為騷擾所困的學生，他們與行業專家葉蓁蓁討論如何獲取投資。

Words 文 Rhea Mogul | Photography 攝影 Karma Lo

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iblings Sophia Chan, 12, and Abraham Chan, 14, share a common vision: To provide a safe, anonymous online space where youth can seek help if they’ve been harassed, bullied or simply need guidance.

With that in mind, they established AMPOWER in 2018.

Still under development, the web and mobile platform plans to offer essential resources, socio-economic guidance, career advice, mentorship, and more.

Their mission is an important one. According to a 2017 study by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (CSRP), there were 919 deaths by suicide in Hong Kong in 2016. Of that number, students aged between 15 and 24 accounted for 9.5 per cent. Furthermore, the CSRP found that the number of youth suicide cases within that age group increased by 3.3 per cent from 2014 to 2016, driven by factors such as academic pressure, bullying and mental health issues.

When a user logs on to AMPOWER, a chatbot powered by artificial intelligence will field their questions and concerns, detect and rate their mood, and – depending on the urgency of their situation – direct them to appropriate resources such as government websites, social workers, or healthcare professionals. They plan to build the first iteration in English, followed by multilingual support.

Sophia and Abraham have a vision, but they need to secure funding to fully develop their platform. To help them achieve this goal, we introduced the ambitious teens to mentor Ada Yip. Formerly an executive director at Goldman Sachs, Yip is the CEO of social enterprise Urban Spring and is also the director of WYNG43 Social Investment, empowering innovators to build meaningful ventures in Hong Kong through investment.

We are sharing the conversation, which has been edited for brevity, as part of Ariana’s mission to inspire collaboration and social progress.

陳

君 泰 （ 14歲 ） 的 和 陳 君 翹 （ 12 歲）兩兄妹志同道合，他們要建 立一個安全的網絡空間，讓曾經 被騷擾、欺凌或純粹需要一些指引的青少年可 以尋求協助。 在 此 理 念 驅 使 下 ， 他 倆 在 2018年 成 立 了 AMPOWER。目前，這個網絡和流動平台仍在 開發階段，並計劃為年輕人提供基本資源、社 會經濟指導、職業建議、指導等服務。 他們的目標非常有意義。香港賽馬會防止自 殺研究中心在2017年的一項調查指出，在2016 年，香港有919宗自殺個案，當中15至24歲的 學 生 佔 9.5%。 此 外 ， 中 心 發 現 ， 從 2014年 到 2016年，該年齡段青少年的自殺個案數目增加 了3.3%，背後的影響因素包括學業壓力、欺凌 和心理健康問題。 用戶登入平台之後，由人工智能驅動的聊天 機器人會巧妙地回答他們的問題和擔憂，探測 和評估他們的情緒，並且會根據他們情況的緊 急程度，指引他們去使用相應的資源，比如政 府網站、社工或專業醫護人員。他們計劃第一 版用英語，之後再發展多種語言版本。 陳君翹和陳君泰有願景，但他們需要找到 資金來全力發展平台。為了幫助他們達成目 標，我們將這對雄心勃勃的兄妹介紹給導師葉 蓁蓁。葉蓁蓁此前在高盛擔任執行董事，目前 是社會企業Urban Spring的行政總裁，同時是 WYNG43 Social Investment的董事，後者通過投 資來支持創新者在香港建立有意義的公司。我 們在此分享他們的對話，以落實Ariana推動合 作和社會進步的使命。 ARIANA 2019

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THE PITCH 變革攻略

SOPHIA CHAN

ADA YIP

SC

Thanks for meeting us! We have faith in our product and want to secure funding. What do we do first?

陳君翹 非常感謝您和我們見面。我們對自己的產品有信心，希

I would encourage you to think about funding not just in terms of money. More importantly, you need to think about resources. People are the key to developing a successful product. You might have a million dollars, but unless you have a good team, it won’t be useful. Have you asked some of your friends to look at your website and try it?

葉蓁蓁 我會鼓勵你不要只從錢的角度考慮資助。更重要的是，

Yes! They said it was exciting to ask the chatbot questions and watch it respond.

望可以獲得資金。我們該從甚麼做起呢？

你需要考慮資源資助。人是開發一個成功而出色的產品 的關鍵。你或者能得到100萬元，但除非你有一個好團 隊，否則還是得物無所用。你有沒有讓你的朋友看看和 試用你們的網站？ 陳君翹 有啊！他們說和聊天機器人問答很有意思。 陳君泰 是的，他們還編了一些情景來測試用戶體驗。 葉蓁蓁 你們請了多少個朋友試用過？

ABRAHAM CHAN

Yeah, they made up scenarios to test the user experience. 陳君翹 只請了我們比較親近的朋友，大約15到20個，都是我們

AY

How many friends have you asked to try it?

SC

Just our close friends – around 15-20 people from our school.

AY

Okay, that’s good! Which part have you focused most of your efforts on?

葉蓁蓁 你們在網站上提供的資訊是否合規？

AC

Mainly our chatbot and creating the website navigation.

陳君翹 是的，我們做了很多研究，而且很仔細地看過法律條

AY

Is the information that you provide on the website compliant with regulations?

SC

Yes, we have done a lot of research and looked at the laws very carefully. Our friends read these sections on our website and said the information was very useful, because some of them didn’t know what help is already available for victims of bullying.

葉蓁蓁 那太好了！我問這麼多關於用戶回饋的問題，是因為你

That’s great! The reason I ask so many questions about user feedback is because you need to make sure that you’re providing the public with something they need.

Very often, a funder will ask what you have done so far, how you have done it, and what feedback you have received. They need that information to decide whether they want to invest in your product.

陳君泰 您覺得甚麼類型的資助最適合我們？

學校的。 葉蓁蓁 那很好！你們在哪個部分付出最多努力？ 陳君泰 主要是我們的聊天機器人，以及網站導航。

AY

AC

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What sort of funding do you think suits us the best?

ARIANA 2019

文。我們的朋友也看過我們網站上的內容，都認為資訊 很有用，因為他們當中有些人不知道原來已經有資源幫 助欺凌受害者。

要確保你提供給公眾的，正是他們所需的東西。投資者 會經常問你們到目前為止做了甚麼，你是怎麼做到的， 以及你已經得到甚麼回饋意見。他們要根據這些資訊來 決定是否投資你們的產品。

葉蓁蓁 因為你們倆都是學生，而且你們目前還處於概念階段，

我會建議你們申請撥款。有很多非營利的孵化計劃你們 可以考慮，比如StartmeupHK。這些服務能讓你募款並 創作更好的原型。 此外還有捐助平台。例如，Fringebacker就是一個香 港的眾籌平台。先研究一下用戶數目、他們的背景、你 們平台的可靠程度，並且獲取更多資訊。之後，你可以

SUPPORT NETWORK 支援網絡

BULLY FACTOR

欺凌數字

Crowdfunding requires a lot of marketing. There are so many projects asking for funding via these platforms that, often, you’d have to spend a lot of time and money in the pre-launch phase to gain more power and traction.

If you don’t have a superior knowledge in marketing and social media, it can be quite difficult.

For your project, leverage your position as students and contact individuals who might be interested to support your cause. However, going to the government or a big charity like The Hong Kong Jockey Club will be a bit tricky as you don’t have a proven pilot yet. And you need to be over 18.

AC

Ok great. How much money should we be looking to raise?

AY

I would recommend a small sum to start with. The sum should be based on the scope of phase one. For example, what features are you rolling out? I would recommend no more than HK$50,000 for phase one. Prove the small steps first, and then think about the bigger steps.

AC

What advice would you give us when it comes to pitching potential investors?

AY

Think about what your investors might worry about.

Everyone wants their money to be worth something, but that doesn’t necessarily mean a return or a reputation.

Consider what their motivation to give you their money

HERE’S HOW HONG KONG COMPARES: 以下是香港相對其他地區的狀況： 34%

25.5%

17%

8.5%

0%

United States 美國 18.9%

AY

United Kingdom 英國 23.9%

Are there any challenges with crowdfunding?

2015年國際學生能力評估計劃（ PISA）顯 示，香港的青少年欺凌問題全球最嚴重。 這個三年一次的調查分析了全球 53個國家 和地區的狀況，將報稱每月至少受到數次 欺凌的 15歲青少年的比率排名。

Singapore 新加坡 25.1%

AC

Hong Kong ranks worst in the world when it comes to teen bullying, according to the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Analysing 53 countries and territories, the triennial survey ranks the percentage of 15-year-olds who report being bullied at least a few times a month.

Macao 澳門 27.3%

Since you’re both students, and you’re very much in the idea stage, I would recommend you apply for a grant. There are many incubation programmes run by nonprofits that you can have a look at, such as StartmeupHK. These types of services will allow you to raise money and create a better prototype.

There are also donation-based platforms. For example, Fringebacker is a Hong Kong-based crowdfunding platform. Do some research about the number of users, their profiles, your platform’s reliability, and get some more information first. From there, you can develop a more financially sustainable model for AMPOWER.

Hong Kong 香港 32.3%

AY

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THE PITCH 變革攻略

might be. It might be someone who wants to support young people and their ideas.

為AMPOWER發展一個更能在財政上自給自足的模式。 陳君泰 眾籌有甚麼困難嗎？

SC

Are there any people that you know of?

AY

There will definitely be people to speak with, but first you need to narrow your focus. Then you can contact people within that niche. For example, bullying and sexual harassment. If these are your two core focuses, then you can search organisations that are already supporting these issues.

Alternatively, if you need help technically, perhaps you can reach out to tech companies that will sponsor the development as part of their company’s corporate social responsibility projects.

葉蓁蓁 眾籌需要做很多市場營銷。通過這些平台籌款的項目很

多，你往往要在發佈前的階段投入很多時間和金錢，才 能獲得更大的影響力和吸引力。如果你在市場影響和社 交媒體方面的知識不是特別豐富，就可能比較困難。 至於你們的項目，要好好利用你們學生的身分，聯 絡那些你們覺得會有興趣支持你們的人。不過，去找政 府或像香港賽馬會這樣的大慈善機構會有點難，因為你 還沒有做過測試證明可行性。而且你們還沒到18歲。 陳君泰 好，我們應該目標籌集多少錢？ 葉蓁蓁 我會建議從小額開始。籌款額度應該以項目第一期的規

SC

What skills should we try to develop to make AMPOWER successful?

AY

Well, what do you think?

SC

I wish we had certain skills such as coding or the ability to create a better chatbot, build the website…

模為基礎。比如，你們會推出甚麼功能？我會建議第一 期籌款不要超過五萬元港幣。先小步走，證明可行，再 考慮大步走。 陳君泰 關於向潛在投資者提案，您有甚麼建議？

AC

Maybe we can take more courses to improve our skills.

Our school offers these classes, but not at the level that is required to elevate AMPOWER.

AY

If you work as a team, I think you can find people to complement your skillset. Other skills I’d recommend would be the three-minute pitch – you need to learn how to clearly articulate your idea. Practice pitching in front of your family and friends. Have you already established a social media platform for your project?

葉蓁蓁 想想你的投資者們可能會擔心甚麼。人人都希望他們的

錢用得其所，但這不一定指收益或者名譽。想想他們可 能因為甚麼而給你們錢。那可能是有人想支持年輕人和 他們的想法。 陳君翹 你有認識這樣的人嗎？

SC

AY

No, not yet. We want to develop our product more before we publicise it.

Okay, but don’t be afraid to do this at an early stage, too.

There may be a few like-minded people who share the same vision and want to work on this project with you.

葉蓁蓁 肯定有這樣的人可以談一談，但首先你要縮窄你的關注

範圍，之後你才可以聯絡這些特定領域的人。例如欺凌 和性騷擾，如果這是你們的兩個核心關注點，那麼你們 可以找找已經在提供有關支援服務的機構。此外，如果 你們需要技術上的支援，也許你們可以接觸一些企業社 會責任有包括支援你們項目的科技公司。 陳君翹 我們應該發展哪些技能來讓AMPOWER成功？ 葉蓁蓁 您覺得呢？ 陳君翹 我希望我們可以掌握一些具體的技能，比如編程，或者

做更好的聊天機器人的能力、做網頁的能力……

AC

What challenges do you think we will face in the future?

AY

There will be a lot of interest in your idea – it’s well thought out. But you probably won’t get a cheque the first time you meet someone. To demonstrate your plan,

陳君泰 或者我們可以多上點課程來提升我們的技能。我們的學

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ARIANA 2019

校也有這些課程，但未到足以改進AMPOWER的水平。 葉蓁蓁 如果你們是團隊式工作，我想你們可以找一些能夠補足

SUPPORT NETWORK 支援網絡

“Whatever you do in the future, you need to master the three-minute pitch.” 「無論你未來要做甚麼，你都要掌 握三分鐘提案。」 – Ada Yip 葉蓁蓁

你們整套技能的人。我會建議的其他技能包括三分鐘提 案，因為你們要學會如何清晰闡述你們的概念。練習向 你們的家人和朋友做提案。你們有沒有為自己的平台建 立社交媒體帳號？ 陳君翹 還沒有。我們希望先發展產品再做推廣宣傳。 葉蓁蓁 好的，但不要害怕在早期開始宣傳。也許有些人和你們

you need to have the next five to 10 steps mapped out.

This will give funders security, too.

想法一樣，而且想加入你們。 陳君泰 您覺得我們未來會面對甚麼挑戰？

AC

Yes, we expect some rejection, but we are very motivated. 葉蓁蓁 你們的想法非常有趣，也經過深思熟慮，但你們未必第

AY

It will take some time, but never be discouraged.

Whatever you do in the future, you need to master the three-minute pitch. This will be such great practice, exposure and a valuable learning experience for you. 

一次見投資者就能拿到支票。要展示你們的計劃，你們 要將未來的五到十步都列出來。這會讓你們的投資者感 覺更安心。

陳君泰 是的，我們也預計到會被拒絕，但我們非常有動力。 葉蓁蓁 這是需要一些時間的，但永遠不要灰心。無論你未來要

Learn more 詳情請看 urbanspring.hk

做甚麼，你都要掌握三分鐘提案的技巧。這對你們來說 會是非常棒的練習、歷練和寶貴的學習經驗。 ARIANA 2019

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ART ACTIVISM 藝術行動

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ARIANA 2019

HEALING THROUGH ART 藝術療傷

Stephanie Teng captures the psychological impact of sexual harassment, assault and rape in a cathartic photography series. 鄧詩廷透過一系列盡情宣泄的攝影捕捉性騷擾、 性侵犯和強暴對人造成的心理影響。

Words 文 Kate Springer | Photography 攝影 Stephanie Teng

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ART ACTIVISM 藝術行動

S

二

十 多歲的鄧詩廷是一名居於香港 tephanie Teng, a Hong Kong-based photographer in her 20s, has been exploring psychology and human 的攝影師，她在過去四年一直通 nature through her work for the past four years. In 過自己的作品探索心理與人性的 the wake of the #MeToo Movement in 2018, Teng began an 關聯。在2018年的#MeToo運動之後，鄧開始 intimate portrait series that seeks to support and empower 製作一系列私密人像照，透過攝影治療法， victims of sexual violence by employing photography as 嘗試支持性暴力受害者和為她們充權。 a form of therapy. 「這個運動在香港所造成的影響之小， “I was frustrated at how little an impact the movement 令我感到沮喪。就像許多其他倖存者一樣， had in Hong Kong. Like many other survivors, I shouldered 我 多 年 來 獨 自 承 受 著 過 去 的 經 歷 帶 來 的 the weight of my past alone for years. I remember watching 重 壓 。 我 還 記 得 # M e To o 帖 子 怎 樣 在 我 as my Facebook page blew up with #MeToo status updates,” 的 臉 書 頁 面 爆 炸 式 湧 現 。 」 她 回 憶 道 。 recalls Teng. “It was deeply saddening, yet it empowered 「這讓人非常傷心，但也給了我力量，讓我 me to publicly share my story for the first time, which was 敢於第一次公開分享我的故事，這也催化了 the catalyst for my own healing. I wanted to provide that 我的自我療愈。我希望將這種團結的感覺分 same feeling of solidarity for other women, especially in a 享給其他女性，尤其是在這個城市，這裡對 city where the stigma around sexual violence is so deeply 性暴力受害者的標籤深刻地烙在其文化中。」 entrenched in the culture.” 這個仍在進行中的計劃希望給予性暴力 The ongoing project aims to break the cycle of victim- 倖存者力量，使他們能夠走出和治癒過去的 blaming by empowering survivors to step forward and 傷痛，從而打破「責備受害者」的循環。鄧 heal from their past. By 詩廷透過朋友的 reaching out to friends, 幫忙，在數月之 “I wanted to provide that Teng connected with 間接觸了六名性 same feeling of solidarity for six victims across the 侵受害人。建立 other women. ” span of a few months. 互信的過程從一 The intimate process 次會面開始，其 「我希望將這種團結的感 began with a meeting 間她們分享了自 覺分享給其他女性。」 where they shared 己的傷痛經歷， their personal stories of 並討論了她們在 – Stephanie Teng 鄧詩廷 trauma and discussed 療癒過程中的一 any turning points in their healing journey. Based on the 些轉捩點。根據這次談話，鄧會選定一些關鍵 conversation, Teng identified key phrases or sentiments 表述或者情緒，作為之後攝影過程的靈感。 that would inspire the subsequent photography session. 每個攝影環節短則一小時，長則四小時， Lasting anywhere from one to four hours, each session 拍攝地點的環境都對受害人有特別的意義。 took place in a meaningful setting for the victim. In one 在其中一幅照片中，一名女子看起來像是正 image, a woman seems to be wading into the ocean, as 在走入海洋裡，似是在逃離甚麼。在另一幅 though running away from something. In another, a woman 照片中，一名女子在一個浴缸中蜷身抱著自 is hugging her knees to her chest in a bathtub. 己的膝蓋。 “One of the subjects developed claustrophobia as 「其中一名拍攝對象在遭到性騷擾之後 a result of sexual harassment. She recalled the feeling 產 生 了 幽 閉 恐 懼 症 。 她 還 記 得 那 種 感 覺 ， of wanting to wash away the guilt and disgust of 並 希 望 洗 脫 發 生 在 她 身 上 的 事 所 帶 來 的 罪 what happened to her,” says Teng. “So we decided to 疚 和 噁 心 。 所 以 我 們 決 定 製 作 一 個 在 浴 缸 compose an image in a bathtub because it felt small and 中的影像，因為那給人狹小和束縛的感覺， confined, symbolising how trapped she felt in her mind. 象徵著她內心感到被圍困。我希望創造一個 I wanted to create a safe space, where the subjects could 安全的空間，讓身處其中的女性可以展現最 be the most honest versions of themselves.” 真實的自己。」鄧詩廷說。

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ART ACTIVISM 藝術行動

“Through this project, I’ve been both a participant and the photographer, both an actor and a viewer, which has helped me see visual storytelling in a more holistic and interpretative way.” 「透過這個計劃，我既成為了參與者，也成為了拍 攝者；既成為了演員，也成為了觀眾。這幫助我從 更加全面和詮釋性的角度去看影像故事敘述。」 – Stephanie Teng 鄧詩廷

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Teng says it’s been a cathartic experience – both for herself and the victims. Following the photo session, one woman felt empowered to open up to her younger sister about being sexually harassed and realised they both shared similar experiences but had never confided in each other.

Furthermore, Teng says the choice to work in black and white enables her to focus on the subtleties between light and shadow to evoke emotion. It also serves as a metaphor, as these women are finding their path from darkness to light.

鄧詩廷說這次體驗有一種盡情吐露情感 的感覺，對於她自己和那些受害人都是。 拍攝之後，有一名受害者覺得自己有力量可以 向妹妹講出自己遭遇性騷擾的經歷，隨後發現 原來她們都有過這樣的經歷，只是從來沒有跟 對方透露。 此外，鄧詩廷說製作黑白照片讓她可以專 注用光影間的微妙之處來帶動情緒。這也是一 個隱喻，因為這些女性都在尋找自己從黑暗到 光明的道路。 「透過這個計劃，我既成為了參與者，也成

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ART ACTIVISM 藝術行動

“Through this project, I’ve been both a participant and the photographer, both an actor and a viewer, which has helped me see visual storytelling in a more holistic and interpretative way,” says Teng. “I hope that this ongoing project can continue to help more people feel less alone and help them let go of a piece of their past in some small way.” 

為了拍攝者；既成為了演員，也成為了觀眾， 這幫助我從更加全面和詮釋性的角度去看影像 故事敘述。我希望這個進行中的計劃可以繼續 幫助更多人，讓他們感覺不那麼孤單，並為幫 助他們放下過去的一小部分而盡一分綿力。」 鄧詩廷說。 

Learn more 詳情請看 stephanie-teng.com, Instagram: @stephinitely.tengy

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HEALING THROUGH ART 藝術療傷

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HER VOICE 女聲

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FULL OF HOPE 滿懷希望

Jo Soo-Tang, the honorary chairman of the Hong Kong Adventist Hospital Foundation Board of Governors (Stubbs Road), discusses her passion for philanthropy. 港安醫院慈善基金理事會名譽主席鄧蘇瑋愉分享她對慈善事業的熱忱。

Words 文 Marianna Cerini | Photography 攝影 Anthony Kwan

J

o Soo-Tang wears many hats. She’s a mother, an avid philanthropist and a social entrepreneur. Above all, she’s a champion of positive change – be it through the work she does with the Hong Kong Adventist Hospital Foundation (HKAHF), which provides medical treatments to financially disadvantaged people across Asia; Splash, a charity that offers free swimming lessons to domestic workers; or the World Wildlife Fund, which focuses on endangered species conservation.

One of Soo-Tang’s most successful projects to date is the Women of Hope (WOH) campaign, which she launched in 2014. Part of the HKAHF, the annual campaign endeavours to raise money for the foundation’s Cancer Fund, which provides free mammograms, MRIs, PET/CT scans, and treatments to underprivileged cancer patients.

Each year, the WOH Committee shortlists 36 inspiring women across eight categories – such as culture, sustainability, healthcare and entrepreneurship – then invites the public to vote. Announced this May at an annual luncheon, HKAHF honoured eight 2019 Women of Hope winners and raised a remarkable HK$5.7 million through ticket sales, donations, table prizes, sponsors and on-site pledges.

We speak with Soo-Tang about the origins of WOH, running a successful campaign, and the need for more social philanthropy in Hong Kong.

鄧

蘇瑋愉有許多重身分。她是一名 母親、一名熱心的慈善家和一名 社會企業家。在此之上，她更是 積極改變的實踐者──她在港安醫 院慈善基金會為亞洲弱勢社群提供醫療服務 和 財 政 支 援 ， 在 慈 善 組 織 Splash為 家 庭 傭 工 提供免費的游泳課程，而在世界自然基金會 則專注於保護瀕危物種。 鄧蘇瑋愉至今最成功的一個項目，就是 她在2014年發起的Women of Hope（WOH）計 劃。這個年度活動由港安醫院慈善基金負責籌 辦，致力為慈善基金的癌症基金籌款，從而 為弱勢的癌症病人提供免費的乳房X光造影檢 查、磁力共振掃描、正電子和電腦斷層掃描， 以及其他治療。 每 年 ， WOH委 員 會 都 會 列 出 在 八 個 界 別 富有影響力的 36名女性，比如文化、可持續 發展、醫療衛生和企業家等，然後邀請公眾 投票。今年5月的週年午宴上，港安醫院慈善 基金向八名女性頒發了「Women of Hope」獎 項，並透過門票銷售、捐款、餐桌大獎、贊助 和即場認捐籌得了570萬元港幣的可觀善款。 我 們 與 鄧 蘇 瑋 愉 聊 了 聊 WOH 計 劃 的 緣 起、經營一個成功項目的方法，以及香港對社 會慈善事業的需求。 ARIANA 2019

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HER VOICE 女聲

ARIANA JO SOO-TANG

Adventist is very close to my heart – I am the third generation of my family to work for the foundation and have been involved for 35 years. It’s where I spend and invest most of my time outside my family.

ARIANA

What were your goals when you set up Women of Hope in 2014?

JST

WOH started as a marketing campaign with a goal to promote the HKAHF’s Cancer Fund. We worked with a magazine called The List [now defunct], which helped us come up with the concept and collect nominations.

Since there are over 9,000 charities in Hong Kong, you really have to be proactive and think with a commercial mindset. WOH was my way of doing that.

ARIANA

JST

“So many of us have been affected by the disease in one way or another.”

Tell us about your connection to HKAHF.

Around 60 people attended the first WOH luncheon.

This year, you had 400. Did you expect it to grow so quickly?

Not at all. We didn’t raise any money at our first luncheon.

We also had yet to set up a committee. This year, we raised HK$5.7 million. It’s grown tremendously over the years.

「我們當中很多人都被這種 疾病以不同的方式影響。」 – Jo Soo-Tang 鄧蘇瑋愉

ARIANA

鄧蘇瑋愉 我非常關心港安──我是我家族第三代為這個慈 (JST)

善基金工作的人，而我已經參與了基金的工作 35年了。除了我的家庭，這就是我投入最多時間的 地方。

ARIANA

您 在 2014年 發 起 Women of Hope計 劃 的 時 候 ， 目標是甚麼？

JST

WOH一開始是一個市場營銷活動，目標是推廣港 安 醫 院 慈 善 基 金 的 癌 症 基 金 。 我 們 和 一 家 叫 The List的雜誌（已停刊）合作，它幫我們構思主題和 收集提名。因為香港有超過9,000家慈善組織，你 必須積極主動，而且要以商業頭腦思考。WOH計 劃就是我的方法。

ARIANA

第一屆WOH午宴有大約60人參加，今年則有四百 人。這樣快速的增長是您意料之中的嗎？

JST

完全不是。我們第一次搞午宴時，一點錢都沒有 籌到。我們當時也沒有成立委員會。今年我們籌 到了570萬元港幣，這幾年來增長非常大。

Why do you think that is?

ARIANA JST

Cancer is something that resonates with a lot of people. So many of us have been affected by the disease in one way or another – whether it’s ourselves or a family member or a friend. I think the emotional component of WOH – the fact that we have survivors sharing their stories – makes attendees feel close to the cause, and willing to donate.

What do you do with the funds?

ARIANA JST

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At first, the funds went towards MRIs and PET/CT scans. Now, it’s a more comprehensive programme which includes diagnostic services and treatments. We offer breast mammograms, help pay for targeted treatment drugs and provide tomotherapy – a type of radiation therapy.

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您與港安醫院慈善基金的淵源是甚麼？

ARIANA JST

您認為原因是甚麼？ 癌症讓很多人都有共鳴。我們當中很多人都被這 種疾病以不同的方式影響，無論是我們自己、家 人，還是朋友。我認為WOH計劃中的情感元素， 例如我們會請來一些康復者分享他們的故事，讓 參加者能近距離地感受到我們工作的目標，而且 願意捐助。

FULL OF HOPE 滿懷希望

ARIANA

WOH is organised by women, for women. How does that impact the project?

JST

I believe there’s definitely a ‘girl power’ attitude shared by the women on the committee. We are all very different individuals, but we are very strong-willed and able to tolerate a lot. That shows in the energy we pour into WOH. We want to create a network where we can lift and support each other. I think that’s quite powerful.

ARIANA

HKAHF also launched Men of Hope [MOH] in 2016.

What’s the mission?

JST

We branched out with MOH to raise money for the Adventist Heart Fund. MOH awards socially conscious men who advocate for causes they care about – maybe it’s environmental issues, economic empowerment or children’s development. This year, we raised HK$2 million through sponsorships, table sales, pledges and a silent auction to support patients undergoing heart surgery.

ARIANA

籌集到的善款用來做甚麼？

JST

一開始是用來支付磁力共振掃描、正電子／電腦斷層掃 描的費用。現在項目更全面，包括診斷和治療服務。我 們提供乳房X光造影檢查、幫忙支付標靶藥的費用， 提供高速螺旋放射治療。

ARIANA

WOH計劃由女性組織，為女性服務。這對於項目有甚 麼影響？

JST

我相信在委員會內的女性都有一種「女力」。我們每 個人都很不同，但我們有很強的意志，也很有耐力。 這表現在我們對這個項目投入的幹勁中。我們希望創 造一個網絡，讓我們可以互相鼓勵和支持。我覺得這 是很有力量的。

ARIANA

港 安 醫 院 慈 善 基 金 在 2016年 也 推 出 了 Men of Hope [MOH]計劃，其目標是甚麼？

JST

我們和MOH合作一起為港安心臟基金籌款。MOH計 劃會表揚關心社會，而且會為關心的議題發聲的男 士，那些議題可能是環保、經濟賦權或兒童發展。今 年我們透過贊助、宴會桌席銷售、認捐和無聲拍賣籌 得了200萬元港幣，用於幫助病人接受心臟手術。

ARIANA

Aside from WOH, what other charities are you involved in?

JST

Earlier this year, I started working with the World Wildlife Fund. I am currently helping them organise their gala dinner, which will take place next March.

It’s another major project, but I wanted to learn more about sustainability, conservation and wildlife, because these are urgent issues. If we don’t change the way we treat our planet, it won’t be long before we don’t have one.

I’m also involved with Splash, which teaches underprivileged children and migrant workers how to swim with free lessons. That’s a cause I feel really close to. So far, we’ve taught over 2,200 people, but the target is 5,000 by 2021.

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ARIANA

Do you think Hong Kong is doing enough to support marginalised communities?

JST

JST

In many ways, it is. There’s a lot of money here, a lot of foundations – some more active than others – and so there’s definitely a will to give back.

JST

ARIANA

除了WOH計劃，您還參與了哪些慈善組織？ 今年早前我開始與世界自然基金會合作，我現在幫他 們組織他們明年3月的晚宴。這是另一個大項目，但 我希望了解更多有關可持續發展、保育和野生動植物 的事，因為這都是很迫切的問題。如果我們不改變對 待自己星球的方式，我們很快就會失去它。 我 也 參 與 了 Splash， 這 個 組 織 教 授 弱 勢 兒 童 和 移 工游泳，課程免費。我非常認同這個事業。到目前為 止，我們已經教了超過2,200人，但目標是到2021年達 到5,000人。 您認為香港對弱勢社群的支援足夠嗎？ 在很多方面都是足夠的，這裡有很多資金，有很多基 金會，其中有些更加活躍，所以這裡的人肯定是有心 去回饋社會的。同時，一些慈善組織和個人仍然很老 派。他們會寫支票，然後就覺得自己的事已做完了。

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Hong Kong Adventist Hospital Foundation

HER VOICE 女聲

At the same time, some of these philanthropic ventures and individuals are still very old-fashioned. They write a cheque, and think their work is done.

ARIANA JST

ARIANA

ARIANA JST

How can we improve as a society?

I think we should be focusing on social enterprise. That approach [business models with a social mission] is still very underdeveloped in Hong Kong – we are five to 10 years behind a lot of other countries. It’s through that kind of work that you really impact communities longterm. However, social investments don’t have immediate returns and you’re often looking at 10 to 15 years.

I think that delay might put some people off.

ARIANA JST

ARIANA JST

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我認為我們應該專注於社會企業。這種方式（以商 業模式實現一個社會使命）在香港遠未發展起來， 我們比許多國家要落後五到十年。透過這樣的工 作，你能真正長遠地影響一個社群。不過，社會投 資沒有即時回報，你往往需要等 10到 15年。我認為這 種延遲讓很多人卻步。 您希望WOH未來如何發展？ 有更多資源的話，我希望建立一個「校友網絡」。 我認為如果可以持續與我們表彰過的女性對話的話， 她們可以帶來非常有影響力的變化。希望我們終有一 日可以做到。

As for WOH, how do you hope to expand further?

ARIANA

JST

我們社會整體可如何進步？

With more resources, I’d love to create an alumni network. I think the women we award could really champion powerful and impactful initiatives if we could create an ongoing dialogue with them. Hopefully we can get there one day.

JST

那您未來的計劃是甚麼？ 今年6月我獲委任為港安醫院慈善基金永遠名譽主席， 這是我完全沒有意料到的。我感到非常榮幸。我認為 這表示我要繼續努力，推廣這些慈善項目。我完全看 不到自己會閒下來。 

And what’s ahead for you?

This June, I was made honorary chairman of the HKAHF for life, which I didn’t expect at all. It’s incredibly humbling.

I see it as a sign to keep working and promoting these good causes. I don’t see myself slowing down at all. 

ARIANA 2019

Learn more 詳情請看 hkahf.org.hk/woh

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T H E FA C T S 事實數據

A GLOBAL PROBLEM 全球性問題

65% OF ALL GIRLS IN THE UK, INDIA, BRAZIL AND KENYA have been sexually harassed. 在英國、印度、巴西及肯雅 曾遭受性騷擾的女孩之比例。

What percentage of sexual harassment incidents go unreported? 未被舉報的性騷擾事件佔多少比例？

100%

73%

69%

49%

United Kingdom 英國

India 印度

0%

South Africa 南非

Research 資料搜集 Chermaine Lee Graphics 製圖 Inês de Campos Alves

25%

86%

看數說話

50%

Brazil 巴西

BY THE NUMBERS

75%

Source 資料來源: ActionAid International

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WORST OFFENDERS 犯案累累 These are a few of the world’s worst places for sexual harassment, based on the percentage of women who say they have been victims.* 就當地據稱曾成為受害者的女性比例而言，以下是世上性騷擾最嚴重的幾個地方。*

86%

65%

65% US 美國

THAILAND 泰國

99.3%

UK 英國

EGYPT 埃及

71% AUSTRALIA 澳大利亞

77% SOUTH AFRICA 南非 * Data is not available on all countries worldwide. 部分國家/地區並未提供數據。 Sources 資料來源: United Nations, ActionAid, UN Women, Australian Human Rights Commission, Stop Street Harassment

INDUSTRY STANDARDS 業界行情 The highest incidences of sexual harassment by industry in Australia, Singapore and the US. 澳洲、新加坡與美國性騷擾發生率最高的行業。

AUSTRALIA 澳洲

SINGAPORE 新加坡

US 美國

Information, media and telecommunications

Business, trade, banking and finance

Media

Arts and recreation services

Sales and marketing

Technologies and communications

Electricity, gas, water and waste services

Hospitality

Consulting and management

資訊、媒體與電訊

藝術與娛樂服務

電力、燃氣、水和廢物處理

商業、貿易、銀行與金融

銷售和營銷

酒店服務

傳媒

科技與通訊

顧問與管理

Sources 資料來源: Aware, Center for Talent Innovation, Australian Human Rights Commission

ARIANA 2019

47

T H E FA C T S 事實數據

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE SARS 特區的性騷擾數字

How many people reported incidences of sexual harassment in Hong Kong and Macao? 有多少人在香港和澳門舉報了性騷擾？

HONG KONG 香港*

POPULATION: 7.34 MILLION PEOPLE

967

REPORTS

MACAO

澳門**

POPULATION: 612,167 PEOPLE

62

REPORTS

= 10 REPORTS

*in 2017 **From August 2017, when the sexual harrassment law was passed, to the end of 2018. 自2017年8月性騷擾法成立後至2018年末。 Source 資料來源: Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department, Public Prosecutions Office of Macao 平等機會委員會和澳門檢察院

21%

AVERAGE AGE 受害年齡

Which age group is most likely to be harassed in Hong Kong? 哪個年齡層在香港最容易受到騷擾？

Source 資料來源 : RainLily 風雨蘭

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ARIANA 2019

17.6% 17.1% 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 44

BY THE NUMBERS 看數說話

BREAKING IT DOWN 細析數據 Here’s a look at the types of cases handled by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC), the statutory body overseeing discrimination-related matters in Hong Kong:

平等機會委員會（平機會）為香港法定機構，負責處理歧視相關事宜。以下為平機會接收到的投拆個案：

7,310 TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES PROCESSED 處理個案總數 2008 - 2017

858 (36%) Sexual harassment 性騷擾

89%

2,361 TOTAL NUMBER

OF INVESTIGATED

COMPLAINTS UNDER

1,076 (46%)

Pregnancy discrimination

760

Employment-related sexual harassment 與僱傭相關的性騷擾投訴

懷孕歧視

SEX DISCRIMINATION

ORDINANCE.

與《性別歧視條例》

62%

相關的調查個案總數

237 (10%)

Sex discrimination 性別歧視

190 (8%) Other 其他

262

Sexual harassment cases that were settled through conciliation. 成功調停的性騷擾個案

Source 資料來源: EOC 平機會

ARIANA 2019

49

T H E FA C T S 事實數據

IT TAKES TIME 舉報需時

In Hong Kong, how long does it take for a victim to come forward? 在香港，受害人需要多久才能走出來？

18.6%

8 to 31 days 8至31日

21.4%

3 to 12 months 3至12個月

19%

1 to 5 years 1至5年

0

25%

50% Source 資料來源: RainLily 風雨蘭

SETTLEMENTS IN HONG KONG 在香港的賠償 A look at compensation from Sex Discrimination Ordinance-related complaints between 2013 and 2017.

2013年至2017年間「性別歧視條例」相關投訴的現金補償平均數。

HK$15 MILLION

The total amount of cash compensation secured through conciliation and legal action. 通過調解和法律訴訟獲得的賠償總金額。

HK$68,000

The average amount of cash compensation per successful case. 每個成功個案的平均賠償金額。

Source 資料來源: EOC 平機會

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ARIANA 2019

NEED-TO-KNOW TERMS 說文解字 We asked RainLily, the city’s first crisis centre for survivors of sexual violence, to help us unpack commonly used terms and how they’re applied in Hong Kong. 我們邀請了全港首間性暴力危機中心「風雨蘭」為讀者解釋香港有關性暴力的常用語的定義和使用情況。

Words 文 Rafelle Allego

CONSENT

SEXUAL VIOLENCE

When a person agrees to sexual activity without

A violent sexual offence – whether via actions,

coercion. Communicated either verbally

language or attitude – with the intention

or through body language, consent can be

to dominate, control and insult the victim.

given and withdrawn anytime. Those who are

This includes rape, sexual assault and sexual

mentally incapacitated or under the age of 16

harassment. Sexual violence is a type of ‘gender-

cannot give consent. Any sexual activity without consent is considered sexual violence.

based violence’ because it disproportionately affects women and girls.

同意

性暴力

指一個人在沒有被強迫的情況下同意發生性

指有意圖支配、控制或羞辱受害人的性暴力

行為。同意可透過口頭或肢體語言表達，

冒犯（無論是在行為、語言或態度上），

而事主可以在任何時間給予或撤回。精神上

當中包括強姦、性侵犯及性騷擾。性暴力是

無行為能力的人或16歲以下人士均不能給予同

「性別暴力」的一種，因為其對女性和女童

意。任何未經對方 同意的性行為均屬性暴力。

的影響尤為嚴重。

ARIANA 2019

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T H E FA C T S 事實數據

SEXUAL VIOLENCE is not a legal term in Hong Kong. RainLily uses sexual violence as an umbrella term to describe the following types of harmful acts: 「性暴力」在香港並非一個法律詞彙 。風雨蘭以

性暴力作為統稱來描述以下不同類型的傷害行為：

   Sexual Harassment An offensive act that’s sexual in nature and causes the victim to feel uncomfortable, humiliated, intimidated or disrespected. Sexual harassment can include unwelcomed advances, solicitation of sex, and other forms of physical or verbal harassment with sexual connotations. It's a civil, not a criminal, offense in Hong Kong and recourse is processed through either the Equal Opportunities Commission (within 12 months) or through civil litigation at District Court (within 24 months).    Image-based Sexual Abuse Any non-consensual creation or distribution of a person’s private sexual images, including ‘revenge porn’, upskirting, sexualised photoshopping, and sexual extortion. Imagebased sexual abuse is currently not considered to be sexual harassment in Hong Kong based on the Sex Discrimination Ordinance.    Upskirting The act of taking a sexually intrusive photograph up someone’s skirt without their permission. Hong Kong

   性騷擾 指對他人做出帶有性意味的冒犯行為，令對方感到 不安、被侮辱、受威嚇或不被尊重。性騷擾包括不 受歡迎的挑逗、性要求，以及其他形式的、帶有性 暗示的肢體或言語騷擾。在香港，性騷擾並非刑事 罪行，而屬於民事性質。受害人可於事發後 12個月 內向平等機會委員會（平機會）投訴，或於 24個月 內向區域法院提出民事訴訟索償。    影像性暴力 指未經同意下拍攝或發佈他人的私密影像，包括 「色情報復」、偷拍裙底、將他人面部拼接至色情 影像和性勒索等行為。香港現行的《性別歧視條 例》尚未將影像性暴力納入性騷擾範疇。    偷拍裙底 指未經事主同意而拍攝對方涉及性侵意味的裙底相 片。目前，香港並沒有特定法例針對偷拍裙底行為，

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ARIANA 2019

NEED-TO-KNOW TERMS 說文解字

does not have a specific law against upskirting and such conduct is not considered a sex crime, however, the perpetrator can be charged with loitering or disorderly conduct if it occurs a public place.

WHAT TO DO 如何應對 If you’re a victim of sexual violence, follow these steps: 若受到性暴力傷害，

   Sexual Assault Unwanted sexual contact, sometimes excluding penetration. Sexual assault includes attempted rape and non-consensual kissing, groping or fondling. Female genital mutilation is also classified as sexual assault.    Indecent Assault Non-consensual sexual conduct ranging from unwanted groping to oral or anal penetration – neither of which are considered rape in Hong Kong. The maximum sentence for indecent assault is 10 years’ imprisonment.    Rape Non-consensual penetration of a woman’s vagina with a penis. In Hong Kong, only women can legally be victims of rape. The maximum penalty is life imprisonment.

可按以下步驟求助及應對：

01 02

Get to a safe place with someone you trust // 和信任的人一起前往安全的地方 Seek immediate medical attention for injuries, sexually transmitted infections or an emergency contraceptive // 立即 求醫，接受傷勢和性病檢查，以及緊急避孕

03

If you wish to have a forensic examination (a rape kit), you must report your case to the police first // 若你希望接受法醫檢查（強姦取證套件）， 需先向警方報案

IF YOU ARE REPORTING TO THE POLICE,

而此行為亦未屬性罪行。不過，倘若犯罪者在公眾 地方偷拍，可被控以「遊蕩」或「擾亂秩序」罪。    性侵犯 指任何未經事主同意的性接觸（有時不包括插入）。 性侵犯包括企圖強姦、未經同意下親吻、撫摸或愛撫。 「女陰殘割」亦屬性侵犯。    猥褻侵犯 指未經同意且在香港法例下不屬強姦的性行為，包 括非自願的撫摸、口交或肛交等。猥褻侵犯罪的最 高刑罰為監禁10年。    強姦 指未經同意而將陰莖插入女方陰道的行為。在香 港，只有女性在法律上能成為強姦受害者。強姦罪 的最高刑罰為終身監禁。

PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING:

如考慮報警，請留意以下事項：

The forensic examination is preferred to be conducted within 72 hours 於事發後72小時內接受法醫檢查較為理想

Retain any physical evidence, including clothes 保留所有的實物證據，包括衣物

Resist bathing or cleaning the scene, so police can collect forensic evidence 避免沐浴清洗以及清理案發現場，以便警方蒐證

Learn more 詳情請看 rainlily.org.hk

ARIANA 2019

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F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

A MATTER

OF TIME 時間問題 As women speak up around the world, some communities are more accepting than others. 隨著世界各地都有女性發聲， 社群的接受度各有不同。

Takashi Aoyama

Words 文 Rhea Mogul Photography 攝影 Sara Farid and Takashi Aoyama

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ARIANA 2019

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

A

n estimated 35 per cent of women experience physical or sexual violence at some point in their lives, according to the World Health Organization. But only a fraction actually report the abuse through official channels for fear of retaliation or backlash from their perpetrator, employers, family or community.

Those who do come forward are often discredited or criticised: South Korean Olympic speed skater Shim Suk-hee, who in January accused her former coach of sexually molesting her multiple times; political science professor Vanessa Tyson, who earlier this year came forward to accuse Virginia Lieutenant Governor Justin Fairfax of sexual assault in 2004; Christine Blasey Ford, who testified of her decades-old trauma over Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh last September.

In addition to potential negative reactions, the long-term psychological effects and shame that often accompany sexual abuse make it challenging, if not impossible, for many women to speak up.

Sometimes it takes a week, a month, or 40 years – a lag that can further cast doubt on women’s stories. Exploring the complicated and emotional process of going public with accusations, we spoke with three women in three different countries who share their stories about why they came forward – and what happened when they did.

JAPAN: PATRIARCHY RULES Born in Sapporo, Ikuko Ishida is a 41-year-old photographer currently based in Tokyo. She says she was 15 when her junior high school art teacher, Yuto Tanaka*, first sexually assaulted her.

The story is disturbingly familiar: On the day before Ishida’s graduation to senior high school, the perpetrator invited her to see an exhibition with him. After she complained of having period cramps, Tanaka offered to let her rest at his house. He cooked Ishida some noodles, before taking her into his bedroom, where he pushed her onto his bed and started kissing her.

“He told me he kissed me because he liked me,” Ishida recalls. “I thought he was an interesting person because he taught my favourite subject at school. I had no romantic feelings towards him, but he tricked me into believing this was [the start of] a romantic relationship, by professing his feelings for me.”

世

界衛生組織數據顯示，全球大約 35%的女 性曾經遭受肢體或性暴力。然而，這些 女 性 當 中 只 有 一 小 部 分 會 透 過 官 方 渠 道 報案，因為她們害怕被加害者、僱主、家庭或街坊鄰 里排斥。 至於那些有勇氣走出來的人，則常常會受到質疑 或批評：例如南韓奧運滑冰選手沈錫希於今年 1月指控 她的前教練多次性侵她；政治學教授 Vanessa Tyson今 年早前指控維珍尼亞州副州長 Justin Fairfax在 2004年性 侵她； Christine Blasey Ford去年 9月作證指控最高法院 大法官候選人 Brett Kavanaugh對她造成長達數十年的 傷痛。 除了潛在的負面反應外，伴隨性侵而來的長期心 理影響和恥辱感也會讓受害者難以說出她們的經歷。 因 此 ， 受 害 人 有 時 需 時 一 週 、 一 個 月 ， 甚 至 長 達 40年，才能說出性侵經歷；而這些延擱會讓外界進一 步質疑她們的說話。為了探討背後複雜而情緒波動的 掙扎過程，我們向三位來自不同國家的女性受害人了 解她們站出來的原因，以及公開經歷後所發生的事。

日本：父權統治 生於札幌、 41歲的 Ikuko Ishida目前住在東京，職業是 攝影師。 Ishida說在她 15歲的時候，她的初中美術老師 Yuto Tanaka*第一次性侵犯了她。 性侵事件的情節令人不安地似曾相識： Ishida畢業 升上高中的前一天，那名老師邀請她和他一起去看展 覽。她說自己經痛， Tanaka就請她到他的家中休息。 他給 Ishida煮了一碗麵，之後把她帶進自己的臥室。在 那裡，他把她推到床上，然後開始吻她。 「他說他吻我是因為喜歡我。我覺得他是個挺有 趣的人，因為他教的科目是我最喜歡的。我對他沒有 愛意，但他騙倒了我，讓我相信他向我示愛就是一段 愛情關係（的開始）。」 Ishida回憶道。 年少無知的 Ishida不知道這個男人所做之事是犯法 的。 Tanaka擁有一個權威形象──他是她的老師。在 Ishida心目中，他永遠不可能做錯誤的事。 「我小時候從未想過愛情應該是兩情相悅的。」 她說。他會經常跟她說：「我對你感覺越強烈，我就 越想觸摸你和脫掉你的衣服。」 Ishida記得自己曾經多次試圖阻止他的性挑逗，因 為他不時讓她感到不適，但他從來都不聽。情況持續 了四年，直到 Ishida上到大學二年級。「那時候他對我 失去興趣了。」她說。 往後的 20年，她都無法接受發生在自己身上的事。 ARIANA 2019

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F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

Young and innocent, Ishida didn’t think the man’s “This makes it very hard for women to be taken seriously actions were illegal. Tanaka was an authority figure – if they have been victims of sexual harassment.” he was her teacher. In Ishida’s mind, he could never do Adelstein points not only to longheld traditions something construed as wrong. but also to current lawmakers. The largest right-wing “When I was younger, it didn’t even cross my mind organisation in Japan, Nippon Kaigi, has been heavily that a romantic relationship should be consensual,” she criticised for its regressive stance on women and says. He would often tell her things like: “The stronger sexuality. The organisation receives support from Prime my feelings are for you, the more I want to touch you and Minister Abe Shinzo and plays a key role in influencing undress you.” governmental policies.

Ishida remembers trying to stop his advances on “The group believes that women are not equal to different occasions, because at times they made her feel men,” says Adelstein. “They want to restore patriarchal uncomfortable, but he never listened. He continued for values and are incredibly misogynistic in their thinking.” the following four years, until Ishida was in her second The notion that women must please men is so year of university. “That was when he lost interest in me,” ingrained in Japanese culture that women often don’t she says. even realise they have been victims of assault or are too She wouldn’t come to terms with what happened for scared to speak up. This trend is supported by the low another two decades. number of victims willing In May 2015, Ishida sat to speak out publicly against “There’s an in on the trial of 16-year-old their perpetrators. girl who had been sexually In 2018, Japan’s Ministry authoritarian abused by a staff member at a of Justice announced that mindset that special care facility in Tokyo. there were 410 new reported Japanese men have, She recognised similarities cases of sexual harassment in to her own story. “It made the country – 35.3 per cent that they should be me realise the possibility that higher than the previous year, obeyed by women.” what I had experienced with but still staggeringly low for Tanaka might have been a a population of 120 million, – Jake Adelstein crime,” she says. especially when compared to Ishida decided to consult other developed Asian cities. a lawyer, as well as speak to an advisor from Sexual In Hong Kong, a city of just 7.34 million, the EOC Assault Relief Centre (SARC), an NGO that offers handled a total of 81 cases of sexual harassment in 2015support for survivors of sexual violence in Tokyo. It 2016 while 967 new cases of sexual violence were reported became increasingly clear to her that Tanaka’s actions in 2017, according to the SAR’s Census and Statistics had not only been inappropriate, but also illegal.

Department. South Korea saw a total of 29,357 sexual With the realisation of what had happened to her, crimes reported in 2016, including rape, indecent assault Ishida felt compelled to file an official report. But it was and illegal filming, according to a report titled “South more challenging than Ishida anticipated. Many didn’t Korean Societal Trends 2018” published by Statistics Korea. believe her, and some of her friends and family told her According to Adelstein, Japan's predominantly to forget about what had happened and just move on male police force coupled with a lack of motivation and with her life. She says the institutional sexism running training to follow up on sexual assault cases, makes it deep in Japan’s society is mostly to blame. difficult for female victims to be taken seriously.

“There’s an authoritarian mindset that Japanese “In Japan, less than 10 per cent of the police are men have, that they should be obeyed by women,” female,” says Adelstein. “The [police force] is not well says Jake Adelstein, a Japan-based journalist who has trained in following up on sexual assault cases; for extensively covered cases of sexual assault in the country. example, collecting evidence and questioning victims.”

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ARIANA 2019

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

2015 年 5 月 ， Ishida 旁 聽 了 一 場 審訊，一個 16歲的女孩被東京一間 特殊照顧機構的職員性侵犯。她發 現案件和自己的經歷很相似。「這 讓我意識到，我與 Tanaka之間的事 可能是一場犯罪。」她說。 Ishida 決 定 諮 詢 律 師 ， 以 及 東 京一家為性暴力倖存者提供支援的 NGO的顧問。 Ishida慢慢清楚了解 到， Tanaka對她做的事不單是不妥 當，而且更是違法的。 Ishida 意 識 到 自 己 的 經 歷 後 ， 覺得必須正式報案，但這比她想 像的要複雜得多。許多人不相信 她，而她的一些朋友和家人都叫 她放下過去，重過新生。她 認為，背後的主要原因是在 日本社會根深蒂固的制度性 性別主義。 「日本男人有一種專權 的想法，認為女人應該順 從他們。這使得女性成為 性騷擾受害者時，很難獲得 嚴肅處理。」在日本報導 了 大 量 性 侵 案 件 的 記 者 Jake Adelstein說。 除 了 傳 統 思 維 ， Adelstein 還 將 矛頭指向現職國會議員。日本最大 的右翼組織「日本會議」長期被嚴 厲批評，因為它在女性和性別議題 上的取態保守落伍。可是，該組織 得到首相安倍晉三的支持，對日本 政府的政策甚具影響力。 Adelstein 說 ： 「 這 個 組 織 相 信，女性與男性是不平等的。他 們想復興父權價值，思想上亦嚴 重厭女。」 在日本文化中，女性必須取悅 男性的觀念如此根深蒂固，以致 女性常常沒有意識到自己是性侵的 受害者，或者因為太害怕而不敢發 聲。這從極少數受害者願意公開指 控加害者的情況已可見一斑。 2018 年 ， 日 本 法 務 省 公 佈 ， 全 國 有 410 宗 新 增 的 性 騷 擾 案 件 ， 比

前一年增加了 35. 5%，但以一個擁 有 1. 2億人口的國家來說，這數字 仍然令人難以置信地低，而當與亞 洲其他發展國家的水平相比，則顯 得更不合理。 在 人 口 只 有 734 萬 的 香 港 ， 平 等機會委員會（平機會）單是在 2015年至 2016年間便處理了 81宗性 騷擾個案，而根據統計處的資料顯 示 ， 單 是 2017 年 就 有 967 宗 新 增 的 性暴力案件。據南韓統計廳發佈的 《 南 韓 社 會 趨 勢 2018 》 報 告 ， 南 韓在 2016年收到 29, 357宗性罪行報 案，包括強暴、非禮和非法拍攝。 Adelstein 指 出 ， 日 本 警 隊 以 男

做了一項調查，發現 63 %的日本受 訪者認為，當地新聞太少關注性罪 行； 70 %的日本受訪者認為性罪行 的後果不夠嚴重。 日本目前的司法制度中，並無 明確法條定義甚麼是性騷擾，這 使得受害者難以建立強而有力的訴 訟。不過，透過檢控強制猥褻、襲 擊和誹謗等罪行，仍可以懲罰性騷 擾的行為。 在法庭上，強制猥褻罪名經常 會被用於性騷擾案件，亦即意味 著，有身體接觸的性騷擾可能被 定罪。不過，日本的法庭和司法 制度認為，在一宗性侵案件中， 受害人必須曾以行動反抗加 害者的脅迫或暴力，她所 表達的「不」才會在法律 「日本男人有一種 上成立。如果受害人無法 專權的想法，認為 證明她們除了順從別無選 女人應該順從 擇，那麼案件很可能會被 駁回。這條法律存在很大 他們。」 問題，特別是因為許多受 – Jake Adelstein 害者在經歷性暴力時﹐會 因為受到心理影響而彈動 不得，無法反抗或逃跑。 性為主，因此缺乏動力和訓練去跟 法庭程序本身也無法保護受 進性侵犯案件，這使得女性受害人 害 者 。 Adelstein 說 ： 「 法 庭 讓 難以得到認真的對待。 （女性受害者）一次又一次地複述 「在日本，不到 10%的警員是女 自己被侵犯的經歷，這可能造成極 性。（警方）並沒有處理性侵犯案 其嚴重的創傷。在盤問期間，女性 件的良好訓練，包括蒐集證據和詢 受害人常常會被問到她們過去的感 問受害者。」 Adelstein說。 情關係和性經驗，即便這些問題與 此 外 ， 日 本 有 超 過 99 % 的 定 罪 性侵案本身無關。這是在試圖給她 率 。 一 些 專 家 指 出 ， 這 主 要 是 因 們塑造一個負面的形象。」 為檢察機關預算低，令檢察官只 此外，直到兩年前，日本法律中 會 將 那 些 最 大 機 會 被 定 罪 的 人 告 關於強姦的定義仍然僅限於「男性 上法庭。 的陰莖暴力地插入女性的陰道」。 「 性 侵 案 常 常 是 各 執 一 詞 。 這使得許多受到其他形式性侵的女 （警方）知道檢察官不太可能處理 性受害者無法站出來舉報，同時也 這些案件，因此他們也不會鼓勵受 讓男性強姦受害人無法尋求公義。 害人尋求公義。」 Adelstein說。 2017 年，日本國會修例擴大強 還有其他因素阻礙了在日本的 姦 的 定 義 ， 使 之 包 括 強 迫 肛 交 和 受害者站出來。研究公司 Kantar 在 口 交 。 國 會 同 時 將 強 姦 罪 的 最 低 2018 年就亞洲地區對性騷擾的態度 刑 期 從 三 年 提 高 到 五 年 ， 並 允 許 ARIANA 2019

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Moreover, Japan has a conviction rate of more than 99 per cent. According to experts, this is largely owed to low prosecutorial budgets, impelling prosecutors to bring only likely guilty defendants to trial.

“With sexual assault, it’s a lot of ‘he said, she said,’” says Adelstein. “[The police] know that prosecutors aren’t likely to take on such cases. It’s for this reason that they even discourage victims from seeking justice.”

Several other factors also discourage victims from coming forward in Japan. A 2018 survey examining attitudes towards sexual harassment in Asia, carried out by research company Kantar, revealed that 63 per cent of Japanese respondents felt there was too little focus on sexual misconduct in local news and 70 per cent felt that the ramifications for sexual misconduct are not strict enough.

Under Japan’s current legal system, there is no specific law that defines what sexual harassment is, making it difficult for victims to build a strong case. However, it is possible to punish acts of sexual harassment perpetrated through indecency through compulsion, assault and defamation.

Indecency through compulsion is widely applied to sexual harassment cases in court, which means that it is possible to consider sexual harassment with physical contact as a crime. Still, as far as the Japanese courts and the legal system are concerned, in a case of sexual assault, a victim's “no” is only legally legitimate if she physically resists the perpetrator's intimidation or violence. If a victim can't prove that they had no other option than to submit, then the case may be dismissed.

This law is highly problematic, particularly since many victims of sexual violence do not fight nor run, but rather involuntarily freeze due to physiological effects.

The court experience itself also fails to protect victims. “The court makes [the female victim] re-enact their assault over and over, which can be extremely traumatising,” says Adelstein. “During questioning, female victims also get asked so many questions about their previous relationships and sexual encounters that aren’t related to the assault, in an attempt to paint them in a negative light.”

Moreover, until two years ago, the definition of rape under Japanese law described it as solely 58

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involving the “violent penetration of a woman’s vagina by a man’s penis”. This prevented many female victims of sexual assault by other methods to come forward and denied all men and boys who had been raped from seeking justice.

In 2017, parliament reformed the law, expanding the definition to include forced anal and oral penetration. It also extended the minimum prison sentence from three years to five years, and permitted prosecutors to move forward without the victim’s consent; something victims needed prior to this update.

Ishida, too, fell victim to these regressive attitudes and policies. In December 2015, she decided to meet with her old teacher, Tanaka. Upon advice from her legal counsel, she recorded their conversation to use as evidence against him.

“I wanted to see what he thought of our ‘relationship’,” she says. “Since sexual crimes are hard to prove, I needed to record him talking about the sexual acts he had done to me when I was underage.”

The man acted nonchalantly at first, as if the meeting were a chance to reconnect. But later in the conversation, when he saw how angry she was, Tanaka apologised and talked about potentially offering her financial support for counselling.

In February 2016, Ishida took the recordings and presented them to Sapporo City’s Education Board. The board met with Tanaka, who denied having had a sexual or romantic relationship with Ishida when she was underage.

He even stated that she was “mentally unstable and delusional.” He claimed that he merely went along with her story as he didn’t want to trigger a mental breakdown.

“The board told me that, without any stronger evidence, they were in a weak position,” says Ishida.

“The recording was the strongest piece of evidence I could think of, so essentially it meant that the board was unwilling – or incapable – of making a judgement.”

Fueled by their lack of cooperation, she felt emboldened to become her own advocate and tell her story. Ishida contacted multiple journalists in Japan, but many refused to write about her story.

Takashi Aoyama

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

“It made me realise the possibility that what I had experienced with Tanaka might have been a crime.” 「這讓我意識到，我與Tanaka 之間的事可能是一場犯罪。」 – Ikuko Ishida

檢察官在未取得受害人同意下就 起訴加害人，而這是許多受害人 此前就亟需的。 Ishida 也 成 為 了 這 些 落 伍 態 度 和 政 策 的 受 害 者 。 2015 年 12 月 ， 她決定與當年的老師 Tanaka見面。 在徵詢了法律意見之後，她將他 們的對話錄了音，以作為指控他 的證據。 「我想知道他怎麼看待我們的 『關係』。因為性罪行很難證明， 我需要錄下他對自己與未成年的我 發生性關係的描述。」她說。 一開始，這個男人一副滿不在 乎的樣子，以為這只是老朋友見 面。然而，後來他看到她有多憤 怒之後，就向她道歉，並提出願 意資助她尋求諮詢服務。

2 0 1 6 年 2 月 ， Ish i d a 將 錄 音 呈 交給了札幌市的教育委員會。委 員 會 召 見 了 Tanaka ， 但 他 否 認 在 Ishida 未成年時與她發生性關係和 談戀愛。他甚至說她「精神狀況 不穩定，有妄想」。他聲稱他只 是不想讓她精神崩潰，才順著她 的故事去說。 「委員會告訴我，如果沒有更 有力的證據，他們也無能為力。錄 音是我能想到最強而有力的證據。 這也就意味著，委員會不願意，或 者沒有能力作出判斷。」Ishida說。 被委員會的不合作態度激怒 後， Ishida 鼓起勇氣為自己發聲。 她聯絡了幾名日本記者，但其中 不少都拒絕報導她的故事。「一 個記者甚至告訴我，沒有新聞機

構會寫我的事，除非那名老師被 解僱。」她說。 在 日 本 ， 像 Ishida 那 樣 的 經 歷 很少會被公諸於世，因為年輕的 受害人往往不會報案。 日本內閣府男女共同參與局一 份 2018 年的調查指出， 24 . 1 %的性 犯罪受害人是在初中或更早時期 受侵犯的。受害人越年幼，就越 不可能指控加害者，因為他們會 感到困惑和害怕。 「當我第一次與我的朋友和家 人講述發生了甚麼事的時候，他 們許多人都問我，為甚麼到了現 在才講，尤其是事發這麼多年之 後 。 」 Ishid a 說 。 甚 至 有 人 叫 她 「忘了吧」，也有人叫她「多考慮」 Tanaka 的家庭。 ARIANA 2019

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“One journalist even told me that no media outlet would write about my case unless the teacher was fired from his job,” she says.

Cases like Ishida’s are rarely made public in Japan, as young victims tend not to report them. According to a 2018 survey released by the Gender Equality Bureau of Cabinet Office of Japan, 24.1 per cent of sex crime victims are sexually assaulted in middle school or earlier.

The younger the victim, the less likely they are to speak against their perpetrator, as they may feel confused or fearful.

“When I first started talking to my friends and family about what happened, many of them asked me why I was speaking up now, especially after all these years,” says Ishida. Some even told her to “forget about it.” Others told her to be “more considerate” of Tanaka’s family.

In February of this year, Ishida filed a lawsuit against Tanaka for the crimes he committed and for causing her to develop PTSD. The first court session was held on 26 April, where evidence of her symptoms were presented.

As Ishida began her legal proceedings and shared her story on social media, many of her friends and acquaintances supported her journey. These people were mostly female. She thinks that’s because her experience is more relatable to women, as they too – in some way or another – have experienced being treated unfairly because of their gender.

On 14 June, a judge ruled that Ishida’s evidence was sufficient to continue her case against Tanaka, who is still a school teacher in Sapporo. As of August, her case is still ongoing, and she is determined to seek justice.

FRANCE: MECHANISM OF POWER

今年 2 月， Ishida 起訴了 Tanaka ，針對他當年對她 做的事和因此而引起的創傷後遺症（ PTSD ）。第一 次聆訊在 4 月 26 日舉行，她要就自己的症狀舉證。 Ishida 展 開 法 律 行 動 ， 並 在 社 交 媒 體 上 分 享 自 己 的故事之後，她的許多朋友和熟人都給予了支持。這 些人大部分是女性。她認為那是因為女性更容易對她 的經歷有共鳴──她們都曾經因為自己的性別而遭受 過某種形式的不公平對待。 6 月 14 日，法庭裁定 Ishida 的證據足以讓案件繼續 審訊。 Tanaka 目前依舊在札幌教書。審訊至 8 月還在 進行，而 Ishida 仍然堅決追求公義。

法國：權力機制

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On 8 March 2016, Sandrine Rousseau, former spokesperson of French political party Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV), stared at her computer screen in disbelief. She had just come across a Facebook post from Denis Baupin, vice-president of the National Assembly, expressing his support for women on International Women’s Day. “Even today, I cannot believe it,” she says.

Five years earlier, Baupin – a former EELV Member of Parliament – had sexually assaulted Rousseau during negotiations about shared strategies for the upcoming presidential election with Parti Socialiste, another political party.

After a particularly tense exchange, Rousseau left the room to use the bathroom. “He was waiting for me in the corridor, where he pushed me against the wall with two hands on my breasts and tried to kiss me by force,” she says. In a panic, Rousseau immediately shoved him away.

Looking at the photo of Baupin all those years later, Rousseau was more incensed than ever, and knew she had to make a statement. Her abuse was not a secret. In fact, people within the EELV knew what had happened.

She had asked senior officials to take action against him, but to no avail. “Oh, we know he’s a big flirt,” they had claimed when she came forward.

“The photo [of Baupin on Facebook] represented a moment where it was no longer possible to act as if everything was fine,” she says. “It was not possible to let him defend women’s rights. It was a provocation. It was humiliating.”

2016 年 3 月 8 日，法國政黨歐洲生態─綠黨（ EELV ）的 前發言人Sandrine Rousseau盯著自己的電腦屏幕，感到 難以置信。她剛剛看了國民議會副主席Denis Baupin的 一則臉書帖子， Baupin 在國際婦女節當天表達自己對 女性的支持。「直到今日，我還是無法相信。」她說。 五年前，時為 EELV國會議員的 Baupin 在討論總統 大選應對社會黨的策略期間，性侵犯了 Rousseau 。 在一場激烈的爭論之後， Rousseau 離開了討論的房 間去洗手間。「他在走廊等我，把我推到牆上，雙手

“He attacked us physically, and then afterwards he attacked us legally.” 「他侵犯了我們的身體，之後 還要在法律上侵犯我們。」

Sara Farid

– Sandrine Rousseau

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She and another woman from the same party, Elen Debost, decided to speak to the media. Debost says Baupin bombarded her with sexually aggressive text messages over a period of months in 2011. It wasn’t a decision they made lightly. “At the time, no one spoke about these things,” says Rousseau. “I had many sleepless nights; I was more scared than I have ever been in my life.”

On 9 May 2016, eight women came forward with accusations of sexual harassment and abuse against Baupin in an article published by the French investigative journalism website Mediapart. He denied all allegations and resigned his post as deputy speaker of parliament the same day.

Fourteen women in total have accused the former MP of sexual misconduct. Four, including Rousseau, filed criminal complaints against him. A nine-month judicial investigation ended without charges, however; prosecutors were forced to drop the case because it exceeded the statute of limitations.

But the case didn’t end there. In June 2016, Baupin announced he was suing the four women who had come forward publicly and the media outlets that had published the story, for defamation. His lawyers claimed that they owed him €50,000 (roughly HK$438,000) in damages.

抓著我的胸部，並試圖強吻我。」 她 說 。 驚 慌 的 Rousseau 立 即 把 他 推開。 多 年 後 ， 她 再 看 著 B aupi n 的 照片，感到前所未有的憤怒，並決 心要作出聲明。她被侵犯並非秘 密 。 實 際 上 ， EELV 中 很 多 人 都 知 道發生了甚麼事。她曾經要求黨內 高層對 Baupin 採取行動，但徒勞無 功。「哦，我們都知道他是個花花 公子。」他們這樣回應她。 她 說 ： 「 （ Baupin 臉 書 上 的 ） 這張照片代表了一個緊要關頭── 我 們 不 能 再 假 裝 沒 事 發 生 過 。 不 可能由他來捍衛女性的權利。這是 挑釁。這是羞辱。」 62

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Rousseau says she was shocked at the legal action.

“He attacked us physically, and then afterwards he attacked us legally,” she says.

The case was widely seen as a test of the #MeToo Movement in France. If Baupin won, advocates feared, harassment victims would be intimidated into silence once more. But, in a judgement released in April 2019, Baupin lost his case and was ordered to pay damages to the defendants. Rousseau described it as a victory for women who speak up.

According to Cecile Andrzejewski, a French journalist who covers sexual violence and harassment, media outlets in France have traditionally let sexual harassment cases go unreported.

“Before #MeToo, it was difficult to get articles published about sexual harassment,” she says. “It was not considered as ‘real’ or ‘important’ by editors.”

She adds that in France, most editors are men. “A lot of times, the editor would question the victim coming forward, saying things like ‘maybe she provoked him’ or ‘maybe she didn’t make herself clear enough’.”

In 2007, for example, journalist Tristane Banon accused former Managing Director of the International

她和女黨友 Elen Debost 決定向 媒 體 公 開 事 件 。 Debost 說 ， 2011 年 ， Baupin 曾 經 連 月 向 她 瘋 狂 發 送色情信息。這不是一個輕易的 決定。「那時候，沒人討論過這種 事。我失眠了很多晚。我一生中從 未如此害怕。」 Rousseau 說。 2016 年 5 月 9 日，八名女性在法 國調查報導網站 Mediapart 發佈的 一篇文章中，公開指控 Baupin 對她 們性騷擾和性侵犯。他否認了所有 指控，並在同一天辭去了國會副議 長的職務。 最終，共有 14 名女性指控這名 國會前議員曾性侵犯她們。其中四 人，包括 Rousseau ，對他提出了刑

事指控。可是，九個月的司法調查 最終以不起訴告終，因為事件已喪 失追究時效，檢察院決定銷案。 不 過 事 情 還 未 結 束 。 2016 年 6 月， Baupin 宣佈，他會起訴四名公 開指控他的女性以及發佈有關報導 的新聞媒體誹謗。他的律師聲稱， 被告人需要賠償五萬歐元（約 43 . 8 萬元港幣）的損失。 Rousseau 說 她 對 Baupin 的 法 律 行動感到震驚。「他侵犯了我們 的身體，之後還要在法律上侵犯我 們。」她說。 此案被廣泛視為對法國 #MeToo 運 動 的 考 驗 。 如 果 Baupin 勝 訴 ， 運動參與者會被嚇怕，騷擾受害人

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

Monetary Fund Dominique Strauss-Kahn of trying to rape her in 2002, no one believed her. “We laughed at her,” says Rousseau. Then, in 2011, Strauss-Kahn was accused of raping Nafissatou Diallo, a hotel housekeeper in New York. He was indicted on charges including attempted rape, but the case fell apart and Diallo was crucified for making the allegations.

“We have a complicated relationship with people of power,” says Andrzejewski. “Like they deserve special treatment, different from the everyday folk.” What’s more, she says that many political journalists knew that a number of women considered Strauss-Kahn to be a threat but chose not to pay much credence to their fears out of “respect for his private life.”

She adds that, many would make jokes about “how lucky” his victims were, that a person with power and money would make sexual advances towards them.

In France, there are activists on both sides of the argument. Some feminists have accused the country of being slow to wake up to the problem of sexual harassment and assault. However, when the #MeToo Movement launched, a group of women who opposed the concept started their own campaign.

In an open letter, published in January 2018 by French magazine Le Monde, 100 French women (including the well-known actress Catherine Deneuve)

也 會 被 再 一 次 噤 聲 。 不 過 ， 今 年 4 月發佈的判決結果是， Baupin 敗 訴，而且被指令賠償被告人損失。 Rousseau 形容這對敢於發聲的女性 來說是一場勝利。

報導性暴力和性侵犯的法國記 者 Cecile Andrzejewski指出，法國有 不就性騷擾報案的傳統。 「在 #MeToo運動之前，發佈關 於性騷擾的文章是很困難的。編輯 通常會認為這不是『真的』，或者 不是『重要的』。」她說。 她補充，在法國，大部分編輯 都是男性。「很多時候，編輯會質

described #MeToo as a “purificatory wave” that “seems to know no limit.” It states: “Rape is a crime. But insistent or clumsy flirtation is not a crime, nor is gallantry a chauvinist aggression.”

Rousseau disagrees. “We have something called ‘French seduction’,” says Rousseau, referring to the country's famous culture of men actively pursuing women for romance.“This ‘seduction’ is not ‘seduction’ at all. It’s rudeness, it’s aggression, harassment or rape...

People are very attached to [France] being the ‘country of romance,’” she adds. “There’s a real misunderstanding about what love actually means in France.”

Andrzejewski agrees: “Sexual harassment is a mechanism of power. It has nothing to do with being seduced... It’s easier for harassers to hide behind this notion. But in my opinion, people are mixing two things that don’t have any link with each other. People need to understand that sexual violence is about domination.”

Andrzejewski, who published a book on sexual harassment in French hospitals, presents an example: “For years, surgeons, mostly male, would make lewd jokes to nurses, mostly female,” she says. “This was truly considered part of a culture that you just had to accept.”

She says that when nurses did take a stand against such behaviour, they received backlash and were accused of “breaking tradition.” On the rare occasion nurses tried

疑站出來的受害人，說『也許她挑 釁了他』或『她可能沒有表達清楚 自己的意願』這樣的話。」 一 個 例 子 是 ， 2007 年 ， 記 者 Tristane Banon指控國際貨幣基金組 織前總裁 Dominique Strauss-Kahn在 2002年試圖強姦她，但沒有人相信 她。「我們都取笑她。」 Rousseau 說 。 之 後 ， 在 2011 年 ， StraussKahn 被 控 強 姦 紐 約 一 名 酒 店 女 服 務員 Nafissatou Diallo。他被起訴意 圖強姦等罪，但案件最後告吹，而 Diallo則被指是誣告。 Andrzejewski說：「我們與權力 者之間存在著複雜的關係。好像他 們就應該受到特殊待遇，與其他人

不一樣。」此外，她說許多政治記 者 都 知 道 有 數 名 女 性 認 為 StraussKahn對她們構成威脅，但這些記者 選擇了不相信這些女性的恐懼，理 由是「尊重他的私生活」。 她補充，許多人會開玩笑說他 的受害人「很幸運」，因為一個有 錢有權的人願意與她們發生性關 係。在法國，爭論的雙方都有支持 者。部分女權主義者批評社會大 眾對性騷擾和性侵犯問題的反應太 慢。然而，當#MeToo運動展開的時 候，站在反對一方的女性開始了她 們的行動。 2018年 1月，在法國《世界報》 上 發 表 的 一 封 公 開 信 中 ， 100 名 法 ARIANA 2019

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to sue their harasser, many were fired from their jobs and told: “We need more surgeons than we do nurses.”

Adding to the problem, there are many misconceptions that pervade French society. A 2019 survey by the Ipsos Institute reveals that 37 per cent of French people believe that it is common for a person to accuse another of sexual harassment and rape out of “jealously” or “revenge.”

In addition, 90 per cent of respondents of the survey think that rape convictions have increased over the last 10 years. The opposite is true: A 2018 survey from the Ministry of Justice showed that this number had dropped by 40 per cent over the same period.

Andrzejewski believes that while #MeToo brought awareness to the general public about sexual harassment and violence, victims still chose not to come forward because of backlash. What’s more, in the rare situation that the case goes to court, the prosecution places blame on the victim: “either she was drunk, a witch hunter, or appeared ‘easy’,” says Andrzejewski.

The law defines sexual harassment as the act of repeatedly imposing on a person sexually, or behaviour that is offensive to their dignity.

Andrzejewski calls it confusing at most, and Rousseau agrees: “Today, we have a judicial system in France that does not work for victims of sexual violence.”

Disillusioned with how her party had handled cases of harassment and abuse within its ranks, and determined to do something to help other survivors, Rousseau left politics and founded Parler, an NGO that helps women talk about their experiences of sexual violence. Also the vice president of the University of Lille, Rousseau believes that if women don’t speak against their perpetrator, it is “because they are scared of complaining.”

Women like Rousseau, and others that have come forward and spoken against their abuser, have made it easier for other victims to speak up.

“A woman who speaks is actually 10, without knowing. Because a woman who speaks will trigger other words,” Rousseau says. “There is a chain effect that will save 10 other women. So we have to do it.”

HONG KONG: WHERE SEX IS TABOO In November 2017, Hong Kong athlete Vera Lui Lai-yu broke her silence against a coach who she says sexually assaulted her 10 years prior. In a lengthy Facebook post, the then 23-year-old hurdler described how her coach – whom she only referred to by his first initial – had invited her to his home for a sports massage. “I was just a secondary school pupil. I trusted him as a respectable coach,” Lui wrote.

According to Lui’s post, the man proceeded to remove Lui’s jeans, then her underwear. Lui lay prone on the bed, unable to move or respond, as her coach – someone whom she trusted – began to inappropriately touch her. Lui was just 13 at the time.

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A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

國女性（包括知名女演員 Catherine Deneuve）形容 #MeToo運動是「不 知 節 制 的 淨 化 浪 潮 」 。 聲 明 稱 ： 「強姦是犯罪，但固執或笨拙的調 情不是犯罪，對女人獻殷勤也不等 於大男子主義的侵犯。」 Rousseau 卻 不 認 同 。 「 我 們 有 『法式誘惑』這種說法（即法國男 性主動追求女性的傳統）。但這 種 『 誘 惑 』 完 全 不 是 『 誘 惑 』 。 這是粗暴，是侵犯、騷擾或者強 姦。人們很相信（法國）是『浪漫 國度』。這是法國對於愛的意義的 實際誤解。」她說。 Andrzejewski也同意：「性騷擾 是一種權力機制。這與誘惑毫無關 係。騷擾者很容易用這個概念作掩 飾。但我認為，人們是把兩件毫無 關聯的事混為一談。人們要明白， 性暴力的本質是霸佔。」 Andrzejewski 曾 出 書 講 述 法 國 醫院的性騷擾事件，她舉了一個例 子：「多年來，外科醫生（大部分 是男性）都會對護士（大部分是女 性）講黃色笑話，這被真心相信為 （法國）文化的一部分，而你必須 接受它。」 她說當護士站出來反對這種行 為 時 ， 她 們 就 會 被 報 復 ， 被 指 控 「打破傳統」。極少數的護士會試 圖起訴騷擾者，但許多人也因此被 炒，而且被告知：「比起護士，我 們更需要外科醫生。」 另一個問題是，法國的社會上 仍有很多錯誤的觀念大行其道。 法國市場研究公司易益普索在 2019 年的一項調查發現， 37%的法國受 訪者相信，一個人因為「妒忌」或 「報復」而指控另一個人性騷擾或 強姦，是再尋常不過的事。 此外， 90%的受訪者認為，過去 十年強姦的定罪率有所上升。不過 現實恰恰相反，法國司法部 2018年 的調查指出，過去十年，強姦的定 罪率下跌了 40%。

Andrzejewski相信，雖然#MeToo 運動提高了普羅大眾對性罪行的認 知，但受害人仍然選擇躲在陰影 中，以免遭受報復。此外，在罕見的 法庭案件中，檢方常常會責備受害 者，「她要麼是喝醉了，要麼是獵 巫，要麼是看起來太『隨便』。」 Andrzejewski說。 法國法律將性騷擾定義為 多次將有性意味的行為強加於 人，或者有冒犯他人尊嚴的行 為。 Andrzejewski認為此定義令人 非常難以理解。 Rousseau也同意： 「今日法國的司法系統不是為性暴 力受害人而設的。」 Rousseau 對於黨內處理騷擾和 侵犯案件已經絕望，並決心要幫 助其他倖存者。她離開政黨，成 立了 NGO Parler ，幫助女性講出 自己遭受性暴力的經歷。她同時 是里爾大學的副校長。她相信， 如果女性不發聲，那是因為「她 們害怕投訴」。 像 Rousseau 這樣的女性，以及 其他站出來指控加害者的人，已 經讓其他受害人更易於發聲。「雖 然她本人未必知道，但女性一旦發 聲，是可以起到以一抵十的作用。 因為一名女性發聲，會激發其他人 站出來，而這種連鎖反應會拯救其 他 10 名 女 性 。 因 此 我 們 必 須 這 樣 做。」Rousseau說。

香港：性是禁忌 2017 年 11 月 ， 香 港 運 動 員 呂 麗 瑤 打破長達十年的沉默，指控她的前 教練性侵了她。在一篇長長的臉書 帖 文 中 ， 這 名 23 歲 的 跨 欄 運 動 員 形容，她的教練──她只用他姓氏 的第一個字母指代他，叫她去了他 家，說要幫她做運動按摩。「因為 我只是一個初中學生、因為他在我 心目中是一位我尊敬的教練。」呂 麗瑤寫道。 ARIANA 2019

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Lui’s bravery galvanised other victims of sexual assault to speak up. But in a relatively sheltered city where sex remains a comparatively taboo subject, many were subject to their fair share of public doubt and dismissive comments after coming forward.

This is something one postgraduate student from the University of Hong Kong (HKU), Natasha Chan* experienced first-hand.

Chan started a postgraduate course at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital, under HKU, in November 2015. During the three years she studied there, she suffered from ongoing verbal and physical harassment by her perpetrator, a part-time tutor referred to in a detailed Facebook post as Dr R. According to Chan’s account, Dr R made inappropriate physical advances towards her, including leering at her chest, touching her arms, shoulders and back. “There was a lot of self-blame,” says Chan.

“I wondered if I overreacted, or if it was my fault. Why didn’t I tell him to stop?”

Dr R verbally abused Chan too, repeatedly telling her that she had a submissive character, and once told her to look for rich married men, instead of single men.

On top of that, Dr R repeatedly made lewd remarks about her clothing, telling her to wear “dresses more often” as he liked the way they looked on her. “I felt like he got more daring as time went on,” she says. “Not only was I humiliated by being harassed, I was deeply ashamed for not standing up for myself.”

These thoughts are common among most victims of sexual abuse and assault. According to Hong Kongbased clinical psychologist Dr Tess Browne, who specialises in treating trauma and post-traumatic stress, a person asks questions such as: “Why me?” and “How could I have prevented this?” to try and make sense of their experiences in the aftermath of trauma.

“The urge to try and understand the answers to such questions, can result in erroneous conclusions,” she says. “Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate one’s ability to have predicted an outcome that could not possibly have been predicted.” Browne adds that it leads people to draw incorrect conclusions about their behaviour, as it did with Chan and her feelings of being responsible for her harassment.

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While Chan came forward about her abuse three years after it began, this isn’t always the case for victims in Hong Kong. According to Linda Wong, the executive director of RainLily, a Hong Kong-based NGO that provides free crisis support and counselling for victims of sexual violence, the delay in help-seeking is “common and severe.”

For the cases the NGO handled between 20002018, the average time span between when the incident happened and the request for assistance was 1,389 days (roughly 3.8 years). Of these cases, over 10 per cent of survivors waited over a decade before seeking help. The longest a victim waited was 58 years.

“Every survivor is different when it comes to coming forward about their experience,” says Wong. “Some victims and survivors seek help immediately, because they have the encouragement and support from family and friends. But when it comes down to it, I think a lot of survivors come forward because they are all driven by the search for social justice.”

For Chan, the issue culminated when Dr R walked towards her with a red packet in his hand during Chinese New Year, and deliberately placed it on her arm, with the edge of the packet poking her breast. He nudged forward, intentionally touching her breast with the packet.

It was the ongoing indiscrete and suggestive actions that prompted Chan to file a complaint.

She first reported the man’s actions to a female tutor, who told her that “cultural differences” meant that Dr R possibly thought of her as a daughter, and probably had made these gestures in a “fatherly manner.” When she took it to her course director, he scoffed and told her that he wouldn’t consider Dr R’s actions to be harassment.

Eventually, Chan was removed from Dr R’s class, though he continued teaching at the institution. Staff hadn’t followed up with Chan either, or asked how she was coping with the incident – something that hurt her deeply, causing feelings of further isolation.

In May this year, Chan took to social media to share her story. “The response I received was generally supportive,” she says. Besides friends and family, she received messages from strangers who had experienced similar situations in their workplace or teaching institution.

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

Using the #MeToo hashtag, Vera Lui shared her story of sexual assault on Facebook

呂麗瑤在帖文中透露，這名教 練脫掉了她的外褲和內褲。她趴在 床上，無法動彈和反應，而她的教 練──她全心全意信任的人，開始 猥褻她。呂麗瑤當時只有 13 歲。 呂麗瑤的勇敢鼓舞了其他性侵 受害人走出來發聲。然而在這樣 一個相對風平浪靜，而且是性仍 然是相對禁忌話題的城市，許多 人站出來之後，都遭受到公眾的 質疑或輕視。 這是香港大學研究生陳思明 * 的 親身經歷。 2015 年 11 月，陳思明開始在香 港大學的菲臘牙科醫院上研究生課 程。在讀書的三年期間，她不斷受 到一名兼職導師言語和肢體上的騷 擾。這名導師在陳思明的臉書帖文 中被稱為 Dr R。 陳思明說， Dr R對她有不恰當 的肢體接觸，包括色迷迷地掃視她 的胸部，摸她的手臂、肩膀和後 背。「我曾經不斷自責。我不知道 是我反應過度，還是這根本就是我 的錯。為甚麼我沒有叫他停手？」 陳思明說。 Dr R也在言語上騷擾過她。他 不斷跟她說她個性順從，甚至叫她 找個有錢的已婚男人，而不是單身 男人。此外， Dr R還不斷對她的衣 著評頭品足，叫她穿更多他覺得好 看的衣服。「我覺得他變得越來越 大膽。我不僅因為被騷擾而感覺受 辱，還因為沒有站起來反抗他而感 到羞恥。」她說。 這些都是性侵犯受害者很常見 的想法。專門處理創傷和創傷後壓 力的香港臨床心理學家Tess Browne 博士指出，一個人會問「為甚麼是 我？」或者「我怎樣才可以阻止這 件事發生？」這樣的問題，來試圖 在受創之後將自己的經歷合理化。 她指出：「嘗試理解和回答這 些問題的強烈慾望可能會導致錯誤

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呂麗瑤以#MeToo標籤在臉書 上公開自己遭性侵的經歷

的結論。事後孔明的偏見讓人傾向 過分高估一個人事前預計結果的能 力，而這些結果其實是無法預計 的 。 」 Browne 補 充 ， 這 會 讓 人 對 自己的行為得出不正確的結論，就 像陳思明覺得自己應該對自己被騷 擾負責一樣。 陳思明在事發三年之後公開了自 己的經歷，但這並非是在香港的受害 人中常見的做法。為性暴力受害人提 供免費危機支援和諮詢服務的 NGO 風雨蘭，其總幹事王秀容指出，延遲 求助的狀況「普遍而且嚴重」。 該組織在 2000 到 2018 年間處理 的個案中，事發與求助之間的平均 時間差是 1 , 389 日（大約 3 . 8 年）。 在這些案件中，超過 10 %的倖存者 等了超過 10 年才求助。最長的個案 等了 58 年。 王秀容說：「每個受害人公開 自己經歷的過程都是不同的。有 些受害人和倖存者會立即求助， 因為他們得到家人和朋友的鼓勵 和支持。但一言以蔽之，我認為 有許多倖存者是為了尋求社會公 義而發聲的。」 陳思明被 性 騷 擾 的 事 件 在 一 個農曆新年期間達到惡劣的頂 峰 。 Dr R 拿 著 一 封 利 市 走 向 她 的 時候，故意把利市放在她的手臂 上，利市的邊緣戳到她的胸部。 他向前輕推，故意用利市碰她的胸 部。這種持續不斷而充滿性暗示的 行為終於讓陳思明決定要投訴。

她一開始向一名女性導師投 訴，但後者告訴她這是「文化差 異 」 ， 意 思 是 Dr R 可 能 只 是 視 她 為女兒，而他所做的只是「父親 式的行為」。陳思明再向課程主任 投訴，他嘲笑了她，並告訴她他 不認為 Dr R 的行為是騷擾。 最 終 陳 思 明 被 調 離 Dr R 的 課 堂，而他繼續在學院任教。學院的 職員沒有跟進陳思明的投訴，也沒 有關心她的感受。這件事對陳思明 傷害很深，讓她覺得更加孤單。 今年 5 月，陳思明在社交媒體上 分享了自己的經歷。「我收到的 回覆大部分都是支持我的。」她 說。除了朋友和家人，她還收到 陌生人的回覆，講述他們在職場 或者學校的類似經歷。 但她也遇到了網民的質疑。 「 LMAO（笑死我了）這叫嚴重性 騷擾嗎……」其中一條留言說。 另一個則說那只不過是「亞洲文 化」的一部分。 陳思明的 故 事 被 《 南 華 早 報 》 和 Hong Kong Free Press等香港本地 媒體報導。「我希望可以有更多 關於學校如何落實防止性騷擾政 策的報導和關注。」她說。

2 0 1 9 年 香 港 平 等 機 會 委 員 會 （平機會）所做的一項調查發 現，接近四分之一的香港大學生 ARIANA 2019

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But she also encountered some backlash from netizens online. “LMAO [Laugh my ass off] that is some serious sexual harassment…,” says one commenter.

Another dismissed her points, pinning them down to simply being an aspect of “Asian culture.”

Chan’s story was picked up by Hong Kong-based media outlets, such as the South China Morning Post and Hong Kong Free Press. “I’m hoping for more coverage and awareness on how effectively sexual harassment policies are being implemented in teaching institutions,” she says.

A survey released by Hong Kong’s Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) in 2019, shows that almost one in four Hong Kong university students have been sexually harassed. Of this number, fewer than 3 per cent filed complaints. The survey results also revealed that most of the perpetrators were the victims’ fellow classmates, tutors, lecturers, and professors; and the most common form of harassment was casually making sexual comments or jokes.

According to a 2018 research paper by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, deviant sexual behaviours such as sexual harassment, sexual abuse and violence are rarely included in sexual education classes. Moreover, sex education is not discussed at all in certain Hong Kong schools where abstinence-only approaches have been adopted.

In a city that is still influenced by Confucian values, Hong Kong makes it difficult for victims to take a stand against harassment and assault. Confucianism has been the dominant school of ethical thought in traditional Chinese culture for more than 2,000 years. This has permeated through all aspects of society – politics, economy and social customs.

The guiding principle when it comes to gender perceptions, is that the male is superior to the female.

Traditionally, women were expected to preserve their chastity; remaining a virgin until marriage was considered sacred, and women were required to remain faithful to their husbands, even after death.

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towards sexual and gender-based violence in Hong Kong,” affirms Wong. “These mentalities affect how Hong Kong still views sex as a topic of taboo; and it is true that in many households, one’s experience of sexual violence can still be considered very shameful.”

Wong adds that women in Hong Kong are expected to demonstrate that they are reserved, and not outspoken about their sexual needs. “This perception easily reinforces indifferent attitudes towards the female expression of ‘no’,” she says. “It can lead to a lack of consent during social and sexual interaction.”

Hong Kong’s confusing legal system also makes it difficult for a victim to report their harassment. In the city-state, the EOC is responsible for handling complaint cases related to sexual harassment. The victim must lodge the complaint within 12 months after the incident if he or she wishes to take any legal action.

“If a victim wishes to claim compensation through civil action at the District Court, the current procedure is very complex, time-consuming, and unaffordable for most,” says Wong. “The government should consider making cases that involve equal opportunities more user-friendly.”

The EOC made a submission in 2009 recommending that government address these issues by establishing an Equal Opportunities Tribunal, but it was considered unnecessary by the Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau.

In November 2014, an amendment of the District Court Equal Opportunities Rules came into effect to help expedite the processing of equal opportunity claims and encourage more people to come forward by making the forms to submit pleadings (written allegations) more approachable and less technical.

“Coming forward is not easy,” says Chan. “But speaking with survivors who have been through the same thing keeps me going. It’s reassured me that it’s all worth it.”  Additional reporting by Tomomi Kikuchi in Japan and Megan Clement in France. *Names have been changed at the request of the interviewees.

A M AT T E R O F T I M E 時 間 問 題

曾經被性騷擾，但其中只有不到 3 %有舉報。調查也指 出，大部分加害者是受害人的同學、導師、講師和教 授，而最常見的騷擾是有性意味的評論或笑話。 香港理工大學2018年的一份研究指出，不正當 的性行為（如性騷擾、性虐待、性暴力）等議題， 鮮少被納入性教育課程。此外，香港有些學校完全 不提供性教育，只叫學生克制自己。 香港仍然受到儒家價值觀的影響，這使得受害人 很難站出來舉報騷擾和侵犯。儒學作為中國傳統文化 中 的 主 要 倫 理 學 說 ， 已 經 有 超 過 2000 年 歷 史 。 儒 家 思想滲入了社會的方方面面，包括政治、經濟和社會 習俗。 在性別意識方面，儒學的指導原則是「男性高於 女性」。傳統上，女性必須守貞，婚前保持貞潔是神 聖的，而且女性必須忠於丈夫，即便在他們死後。 王秀容說：「事實上，傳統保守的中國文化仍在 主導香港關於性和性別暴力的概念。這種心態讓香港 仍然視性為禁忌話題，而且在很多家庭中，如有人遭 受性暴力對待，仍然會被認為是可恥的。」 王秀容也指出，香港的女性被期望自我克制，並 壓抑性需求。「這種觀念很容易就會強化人們漠視女 性說『不』的態度。這會導致在社交和性的互動中， 女性許可的缺位。」她說。 香港令人困惑的司法系統也使得受害人難以舉報性 騷擾。在香港，平機會負責處理有關性騷擾的投訴；受 害人如果想採取法律行動，必須在事發後12個月內提出 投訴。 「如果受害人希望在區域法院提出民事索償，就 要經過非常複雜、費時的程序，而且通常所費不菲。 政府應該考慮簡化平等機會相關案件的處理程序。」 王秀容說。 2009年，平機會提交意見書，建議政府透過設 立平等機會審裁處來解決這些問題，但政制及內地 事務局認為無此必要。 2014年11月，《區域法院平等機會規則》修訂 生效，透過簡化狀書來加快審理平等機會申索案件 的程序，目的是讓受害人更容易站出來報案。 「走出來並不容易，但與有同樣經歷的倖存者 交流讓我可以繼續走下去。這讓我覺得一切都是值 得的。」陳思明說。  Tomomi Kikuchi 在日本以及 Megan Clement 在法國額外報導。

2018

GLOBAL GENDER GAP RANKINGS 全球性別差距排名

The Global Gender Gap Report evaluates 149 countries based on their progress towards gender parity across four areas: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. 《 全 球 性 別 差 距 報 告 》 評 估 了 149個 國 家 在 促 進 性 別 平 等 方 面 的 進 步 ， 評估涵蓋四個方面：經濟參與和機遇、受教育程度、健康和生存，以及政 治充權。

TOP 10 COUNTRIES FOR GENDER EQUALITY: 性別平等前十名的國家：

1

ICELAND

6

RWANDA

2

NORWAY

7

NEW ZEALAND

SWEDEN

8

FINLAND

9

IRELAND

10

NAMIBIA

3 4 5

冰島

挪威

瑞典

芬蘭

NICARAGUA 尼加拉瓜

盧旺達

紐西蘭

PHILIPPINES 菲律賓

愛爾蘭

納米比亞

FEATURED IN THIS STORY: 這篇報導中的國家：

12

FRANCE 法國

103

CHINA 中國

110

JAPAN 日本

*已按受訪者要求更改名字。

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WHAT LIES BENEATH 潛藏的痛 Severe depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal thoughts have followed one woman like a shadow since childhood. 嚴重抑鬱、創傷後壓力症（PTSD）、自殺傾向， 自一個女人的童年開始，便如影隨形。

Words 文 Kate Springer Illustrations 插畫 Rui Rasquinho

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rowing up in Sham Shui Po, a working-class neighbourhood in Hong Kong, Valerie Chan* spent a lot of time alone. Her parents worked long hours at garment factories, struggling to make a living, while her older brother was busy with secondary school.

“My parents were very good to me and my brother, despite earning so little. Particularly me, as the youngest,” she recalls. “They gave us everything they could, even though we had a tough time.”

Timid and quiet, Chan was seemingly content as a child. She didn’t throw tantrums, push the boundaries or question her parents’ authority. “Since I never complained, my parents – and everyone in their circle – thought of me as a nice little girl who was always happy,” recalls Chan. But under the surface, she was suffering in silence for years.

SPECIAL TREATMENT As soon as she entered primary school, Chan quickly became a star student. She excelled in every subject and her primary school teachers loved her. One, in particular, was especially attentive. “In Primary 4, I had a teacher who treated me very well. I was his top student, a high-flyer. He gave me special assignments and always said I had potential.”

At first, Chan says, she thought her teacher was just being kind. He saw her intellect and wanted to challenge her. “I thought I was so privileged that this teacher wanted to pay extra attention to me,” she recalls. As the

陳

倩茹 *在香港深水埗的童 年，有許多時間都是獨 自一人度過的。她的父 母在製衣廠工作，工時很長，勉強 糊口，而她的哥哥則忙著讀中學。 她回憶道：「雖然我父母掙的 錢很少，但他們對我和哥哥很好。 尤 其 是 對 我 ， 因 為 我 年 紀 最 小 。 他 們 把 力 所 能 及 的 一 切 都 給 予 我們，即便我們當時生活艱難。」 膽小文靜的陳倩茹童年似乎過 得頗滿足。她沒有使性子，沒有挑 戰底線，也沒有質疑父母的權威。 「 因 為 我 從 不 抱 怨 ， 我 的 父 母 ， 72

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year went on, the teacher – a bald middle-aged man who smoked cigars during class – started calling Chan to his desk while the other students took exams. “That’s when he would grab my hand or touch my body, at first in subtle ways,” she recalls. “Somehow he would graze my back or buttocks while talking to me.”

The situation escalated when the teacher invited Chan to be his assistant during an event in Wan Chai, which he was organising. “While I was carrying some papers for him, he led me into the stairwell and then grabbed me really tight. As a little girl, I kind of pushed away. And I remember he replied, ‘What? Are you shy?’”

Later that evening, following the event, they returned together to the empty school. It was a weekend, and the other students and teachers had already left. “I remember him being at the top of a flight of stairs and motioning for me to come up. When I walked to the top he kissed me with his tongue,” says Chan. “I can’t remember how long it lasted, but I remember his moustache. I can still feel it. I can still smell him. He reeked of cigars. That smell is etched in my memories. After he kissed me, he said: ‘That was very special. I won’t do that to anyone else.’”

Naturally shy, Chan didn’t say anything. She ran home and wept in her room for hours. “I didn’t really know why I was crying. I didn’t understand what had happened to me, but I knew it was wrong. I can’t explain how I felt.

He was my teacher, right? Why did he do that? Did I do something wrong? Early on, I learned that people could be demons.”

以及他們圈子裡的所有人，都覺 得 我 是 一 個 永 遠 開 開 心 心 的 乖 女孩。」陳倩茹回憶道。然而她不 過是在平靜的表面下，一直默默地 忍受痛苦。

特殊待遇 入讀小學後， 陳倩茹 很快就成為了 明星學生。她所有科目的成績都名 列前茅，老師們都很喜歡她。當中 有一人，尤其對她照顧周到。「小 學四年級，有個老師對我非常好。 我是他最出色的學生，拔尖生。他

給我特別的作業，而且總是說我很 有潛質。」 陳倩茹 說，一開始，她以為老 師只是對她好。他看得到她的聰 明，並希望激勵她。「我以為這 個老師特別重視我，是我的莫大榮 幸。」她說。隨著這一年過去，那 名老師──一個會在上課時抽煙的 光頭中年男子，開始點名要 陳倩茹 在 其 他 學 生 考 試 期 間 走 到 他 的 書 桌前。「然後他會抓著我的手或摸 我的身體，一開始是暗地裡做的。 有時他會在跟我說話的時候，摩挲 我的後背或者屁股。」她回憶道。

W H AT L I E S B E N E AT H 潛 藏 的 痛

IN PLAIN SIGHT Since Chan’s parents often worked late the young girl spent a lot of time at her grandmother’s apartment. It was dark and crowded, with walls that would sweat from the humidity. “I remember there being very little light, with many households all crammed together. A lot of my relatives lived with my grandma, including several cousins and a few uncles.”

Chan’s youngest uncle, who is 15 years her senior, was in his early 20s at the time. “Since I was walking home alone from school every day, my uncle would pick me up on the street and bring me to the apartment. There was no lift and we had to take the stairs.”

One day, as they were climbing the stairs, he suddenly lifted Chan up, held her to his chest, and kissed her. “He just held me there for a while, then put me back down and kept walking like nothing had happened,” she recalls. “I was scared and really puzzled. What happened just now?”

As she tried to make sense of it over the next few weeks, her uncle’s advances grew more frequent. “I would be playing with my other cousins – little boys who were running around – and my uncle would just brush up against my body. He took me into the kitchen once and started kissing me. I pulled away from him and didn’t know what he would do next. Then one of my other uncles, who is quite a bit older, walked in. That saved me in that instant. I think my older uncle knew that something was wrong, but he never brought it up with me.”

有次事態惡化了：這個老師邀 請 陳倩茹去灣仔一個他組織的活動 上做助手。「我幫他拿著一些紙的 時候，他帶我走入樓梯間，之後非 常用力地抱住我。我那時候還小， 我試圖推開他。我記得他說：『怎 麼？你害羞嗎？』」 那天活動之後的傍晚，他們一 起回到空蕩無人的學校。那是週 末，其他學生和老師都已經離開。 「我記得他站在樓梯頂，示意我走 上來。當我走上去之後，他用舌 頭親吻了我。我不記得那有多久， 但我記得他的鬍子。我現在仍然可

In the following months, Chan tried to keep to herself, pouring her energy into schoolwork, but she couldn’t escape her uncle's groping. Finally, Chan’s mum said she was old enough to study at home alone and didn’t have to go to her grandmother’s anymore. “I think, by then, I was in Primary 5. It’s hard for me to remember.

But when my mum said I didn’t have to stay at grandma’s, it felt like a blessing.”

But that was the beginning of the most traumatic period of Chan’s childhood. Knowing she was home alone, her uncle began visiting – always armed with a logical excuse: one day he was dropping off the laundry, the next a note or a delivery. He raped her once. Then on several other occasions during the course of the next year.

“In retrospect, I always wonder, ‘Why did I let him in? Why didn’t I pretend I wasn’t home?’ But I was a very obedient girl. I always followed the rules and I never questioned the adults.”

Chan hid what happened from her parents, her brother, and her grandmother. “I vowed that I would never tell my parents about what happened to me. They are simple, good people. I want to protect them,” says Chan. “I know they would blame themselves for leaving me home alone. My mum would think it’s her fault and she’d never be happy again. Their happiness is all that matters to me.”

At some point, her uncle stopped coming over – it was around the time when Chan graduated from Primary 6. Chan was relieved that it might be over but continued to conceal her pain for several years.

以感覺到。我仍然可以聞到他的味 道。他有一陣煙臭，那股味道深深 地刻在我的記憶中。他親完我之後 說：『這非常特別。我不會對別人 這樣做。』」 陳倩茹說。 天性羞怯的 陳倩茹 一句話都沒 有說。她跑回家，躲在房間裡哭了 好幾個小時。「我不清楚我為甚麼 會哭。我不明白發生了甚麼事，但 我知道那是錯的。我無法解釋我的 感受。他是我的老師，不是嗎？為 甚麼他要那樣做？我是不是做錯了 甚麼？在很小的時候，我就知道人 可以是魔鬼。」

近在眼前 陳倩茹 的父母常常工作到很晚才回 家，所以小女孩有很多時間都是在 祖母家度過。那裡又暗又擁擠，牆面 總是濕漉漉的。「我記得那裡很少陽 光，很多戶人家擠在一起。我的很多 親戚都和祖母一起住，包括好幾個堂 兄弟和幾個叔叔。」 陳倩茹 最小的叔叔只比她大 15 歲，當時20出頭。「因為我每天都會 獨自從學校走回家，我的叔叔會在街 上接我，之後帶我回去祖母家。那時 沒有電梯，我們只能走樓梯。」 ARIANA 2019

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She confided in a friend for the first time in Form 5 (Grade 11) when she was around 16 or 17 years old, but neither of the young women knew what to do. “Many times, I thought of killing myself. I also thought about taking a knife and killing him. I had all of these crazy thoughts. I feel like he destroyed a part of me, like things have never been the same since.”

Both her teacher and uncle were men Chan thought she could trust. “I lost any sense of security in my life and I felt scared everywhere I went – walking down the street, on the MTR, home alone. I never felt safe.”

When she entered Form 6, Chan visited a counsellor to seek advice but did not feel as though she could reveal her true feelings. “I was young, and I didn’t know how to handle it,” she says. “Maybe I wasn’t ready to talk.”

Meanwhile, Chan’s suicidal thoughts grew more intense as she entered university. “I felt like I was suffocating, like everything I did was unworthy,” she recalls. One afternoon, she was sitting at her window, watching the traffic below.

A voice urged her to step off the ledge. “I remember seeing the cars rush by, the lights, and this dark hole that just seemed to grow deeper and deeper, swallowing the road.

And there was this voice, telling me to jump into that hole.

I felt this overwhelming urge to [jump], but my mum just happened to call me. That jerked me out of it.”

Throughout her adult years, Chan says she has felt emotionally unstable at times, falling into weeks-long episodes of depression that are hard to escape. She hasn’t sought out professional help since secondary school, but she has read several online resources and books on psychology, spirituality and sexual trauma. “I learned that a lot of people ask the same questions: ‘Is it my fault?

Am I accountable for this? Did I victimise myself? That has helped me to understand why I have these feelings of worthlessness.”

NOWHERE TO HIDE When she was around 30 years old, Chan finally told her brother and his wife what had happened to her as a child. “He was devastated, replaying all the years that he couldn’t protect me. His support and understanding meant a lot. I just needed to know that I didn’t have to face everything alone. Maybe I should have told him earlier, but it wasn’t easy to speak up.”

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In her family, Chan says that in-depth conversations were rare. They usually just talked about every day, happy things. In Chinese families, Chan says, it’s taboo to discuss intimate details and emotions.

Now aged 45, Chan has a high-level professional career and many supportive friends. But she still feels empty and, at times, shackled by her emotions. She has also experienced sexual harassment and assault several times as an adult. One of the most challenging experiences took place around seven years ago, when she worked at a large organisation in Hong Kong.

Chan’s boss joined the company around the same time she was promoted to director of her department.

“I became his target,” she recalls. He acted outgoing and gregarious – had a very friendly manner but was touchy.

The boss hugged Chan after meetings and, at first, she thought maybe this was just his management style.

He then started visiting her office late in the evening, when she was still working and few people were around.

“And there was this voice, telling me to jump into that hole.” 「有一把聲音，叫我 跳進那個黑洞。」 – Valerie Chan 陳倩茹

有一天，他們正在走樓梯的時 候 ， 叔 叔 忽 然 抱 起 陳倩茹 ， 抱 在 他胸前，然後吻了她。「他抱了我 一會兒，之後把我放下，然後繼續 走，就像甚麼事都沒有發生過似 的。我很害怕，也很困惑。剛剛發 生了甚麼事？」她回憶道。 之後幾個星期，她一直在試 圖搞清楚發生了甚麼事，與此同 時，她叔叔的行為更加肆無忌 憚。「我和其他堂兄弟在玩，小 男孩在到處跑時，叔叔會摸我的 身體。他有次將我帶入廚房，然 後開始親我。我掙脫離開，不知 道他接下來還要做甚麼。我的另 一個叔叔，年紀大一些的，走了 進來。那拯救了我。我以為他知 道有些事情不對勁，但他從來沒 有跟我提起過。」

之後幾個月， 陳倩茹 試圖保守 秘密，埋頭讀書，但她無法躲開叔 叔的猥褻。終於，陳倩茹的媽媽 說，她夠大了，能夠自己在家做功 課，毋須再去祖母家。「我想那時 候我是小學五年級吧，很難準確記 得，但當我媽媽說我不需要留在祖 母家的時候，那就像上天賜福。」 然而那卻是 陳倩茹 童年最大創 傷的開端。她叔叔知道她獨自在家 之後，便開始來訪。他總是有藉 口：一次是放下要洗的衣服，之後 是一張紙條，或者拿來一些甚麼東 西。有次，他強暴了她。之後那一 年間，又發生了好幾次。 「回想過去，我總是會問自 己：『我為甚麼要讓他進門呢？為 甚麼我不假裝自己不在家？』但我 是一個很聽話的女孩。我總是謹守

規矩，我從不質疑大人。」 陳倩茹 向她父母、哥哥和祖母 隱瞞了這一切。她說：「我發誓我 永遠不會告訴父母在我身上發生了 甚麼事。他們是簡單善良的人。我 想保護他們。我知道他們會怪自己 把我獨留在家。我媽媽會認為那是 她的錯，而她會因此再也高興不起 來。他們的幸福快樂對我而言是最 重要的。」 終於，她叔叔不再上門了﹐那 大概是 陳倩茹從小學六年級畢業的 時候。她終於鬆一口氣，覺得事情 終於完了，但之後幾年，她一直在 隱藏自己的傷痛。 中五的時候，她第一次跟自己 的一個朋友透露了這段經歷。那 時候她大約十六七歲，兩個年輕的 女孩子都不知道應該怎麼辦。「有 ARIANA 2019

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“He would sit on the edge of my desk for a while and talk to me,” she remembers. “Then, when he got up to say goodbye, he’d hug me and grope my body in the process.”

Fearful that the hugs would escalate, she tried to finish her work earlier and avoid any potential late-night encounters. Chan also told her direct supervisor, who was a woman. They discussed reporting the case to the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) but, in the end, Chan decided against it. She feared retribution and thought it could damage her career.

“My supervisor suggested the EOC, but I didn’t think it would bring about real change,” says Chan.

“They simply provide a mediator and the best you can hope for is an apology and a promise to improve. But it means nothing.”

During a quarterly meeting where employees were invited to share their views anonymously, Chan suggested an open-door policy and glass walls to ensure the safety of female employees. Her boss stopped visiting her office after the review.

Chan later heard that the same man had harassed other colleagues. “One of my colleagues said that he asked her to sit on his lap and he touched her breasts.” The women didn’t formally report their boss, but both left the company soon after.

Chan believes that what happened to them at the office is a reflection of the bigger picture in Hong Kong. “Women are still being hurt and taken advantage of in this society – things are not equal and there are far too few safeguards, both in terms of corporate guidelines and government protections.

I also think it’s partly about the culture of Chinese people. Sex is still a very taboo topic, which leads to more shame and makes it harder for victims to speak up.”

GHOSTS FROM THE PAST Three years ago, an event resurrected Chan’s buried feelings. She attended a family wedding and worried her uncle would appear. When she learned he was due to arrive at the banquet, she ran home, consumed by fear.

“I was crying the entire way on the MTR. I just couldn’t control my tears. People were staring at me,” 76

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she recalls. “I felt like he was attacking me again in some way, even though I’m already an adult.”

She didn’t actually see her uncle that day, but the very threat of his presence was overwhelming. Last year, when an older uncle passed away, Chan’s family congregated for the funeral. She hadn’t seen her abusive uncle for many years, but there he was in the same room.

“When I saw him at the funeral, I was devastated,” says Chan. “My heart was pounding. I felt so scared and vulnerable all over again. I can’t let go of it. I don’t think he could ever understand the damage he has done to me.”

The damage, she says, has permeated nearly every aspect of her life, from self-esteem to emotional stability to relationships.

W H AT L I E S B E N E AT H 潛 藏 的 痛

許多次，我想自殺。我也想過找把 刀殺死他。我滿腦子都是這些瘋狂 的想法。我覺得他毀滅了一部分的 我，就像有些事情從那時候開始再 也不一樣了。」 她的老師和叔叔都曾經是她以 為可以信賴的人。「我的人生失 去了安全感，我去哪裡都感到害怕 ──在街上走的時候，坐地鐵的時 候，自己在家的時候。我再也感覺 不到安全。」 升上中六後，陳倩茹向一名

輔導員尋求建議，但她不覺得自 己可以說出全部真實的感覺。她 說：「我當時很年輕，我不知道 應該怎麼處理。或者當時我未準 備好說出來。」 隨著 陳倩茹 升讀大學，她的自 殺傾向越來越嚴重。「我覺得我透 不過氣，就好像我做的一切都沒有 價值。」她回憶道。一天下午，她 坐在窗台上，看著樓下的車流。有 一把聲音叫她跳下去。「我記得我 看到車來車往、燈光，還有一個越 來越深的黑洞，在吞噬路面。然後 這把聲音叫我跳進那個黑洞。我感 到無法抗拒，但我媽媽剛好打電話 給我。那把我拉了出來。」 成年之後， 陳倩茹 說她不時覺 得情緒不穩，可能連續數週陷入 抑鬱，難以逃離。她自從中學後 再也沒有尋求過專業協助，但她 讀了一些網上資源，以及關於心 理 、 心 靈 和 性 創 傷 的 書 。 「 我 知 道 很 多 人 都 問 過 同 一 個 問 題 ： 『這是我的錯嗎？我是否應為此 負責？是不是我讓自己成為受害 者？』這讓我明白到，為甚麼我 會覺得自己毫無價值。」

無處可藏 大約 30 歲的時候， 陳倩茹 終於告訴她哥哥和嫂子自 己童年時期的遭遇。「他 嚇壞了，不斷回想那些他 未能保護我的歲月。他的 支持和理解對我來說意義 重大。我只是需要知 道，我毋須獨自面 對一切。或者我應 該早些告訴他，但 那時候不容易說出 口。」 陳倩茹 說，在她 家，深入的對話並不 多。他 們 通 常 只 聊 日

常、高興的事情。在中國人的家 庭，討論隱私細節和情感是一種 禁忌。 現年 45 歲的 陳倩茹 擁有高度專 業的事業，也有很多支持她的朋 友。不過她仍然感覺空虛，因為 她仍不時受到情緒的束縛。成年 之後，她也遭受過數次性騷擾和 侵犯。其中最難克服的一次經驗 發生在大約七年前，當時她在香 港的一家大機構工作。 陳倩茹 的老闆在她被提拔為部 門主管的時候加入公司。「我成為 了他的目標。」她說。他看起來很 外向和喜歡交際，為人很友善，但 也喜歡毛手毛腳。老闆在開會之後 會擁抱 陳倩茹，一開始，她以為那 只是他的管理風格。 之後，他開始在 陳倩茹 仍在工 作的晚上到訪她的辦公室，那時候 辦公室很少人。「他會坐在我桌子 的邊上一陣，跟我說話。之後他會 起身說再見，擁抱我，其間撫摸我 的身體。」她回憶道。 因為害怕這種擁抱會繼續加 劇 ， 陳倩茹 努 力 盡 早 完 成 工 作 ， 並避開任何與老闆在夜間碰面的 機會。她也告訴自己的直系女性 上司，她們討論過向平等機會委 員會（平機會）投訴，但最終， 陳倩茹 決 定 不 這 樣 做 。 她 擔 心 被 報復，也認為那會影響自己的事 業。 陳倩茹 說：「我上司建議去平 機會，但我不認為那會帶來任何真 正的改變。他們只會派出一個調解 員，而你最多只可以期望得到一個 道歉，以及一個改善的承諾。但那 甚麼都不是。」 在一次季度會議中，員工獲邀 匿 名 表 達 意 見 ， 陳倩茹 建 議 實 施 「門常開」政策和採用玻璃牆， 以保障女性僱員的安全。那次之 後，她的老闆再也沒有進她的辦 公室了。 ARIANA 2019

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F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

On the surface, it would be impossible to tell. During our interview, she seems graceful and poised, wearing a crisp skirt and an angular haircut.

“Even though I’ve had some success with my career, it’s important to remember that no matter their background, people can be destroyed inside. It’s hard to see the extent of the destruction. After many years, I am still struggling.

It causes a lot of damage in one’s life. I’ve lost trust in people, I doubt myself, I have battled depression... People think it just passes, that you should be ‘fine’ after 10 years.

But the scar is always there.”

After her uncle raped her, Chan spent decades feeling unworthy of love. “I have built this deep fortress in my

“No matter their background, people can be destroyed inside.” 「無論背景如何，人人的 內心都有可能遭受過摧毀。」 – Valerie Chan 陳倩茹

subconscious, something dark that I can’t touch. But when I’m in a bad condition, my mind gets closer to that dark castle. It feels like if I touch it, I will drown in a black hole. I want to wipe it from my mind, but I can’t control its power over me.”

But it’s not all wreckage. In recent years, Chan says depression has been less frequent and she finally feels as though she is on the pathway to healing. “I spent many years questioning myself – wondering if I am accountable for what happened. I lost hope in life at times. But over the past 30 years, I have grown stronger. I’m not as shy as I once was, and I have become more determined to protect myself.”

Even though the scars are a part of her, she now feels worthy of love – and capable of accepting love. “I want other victims to understand that we can heal. We have to love ourselves first and foremost.”

She says it’s also important for victims to speak up, to find a support network and, most importantly, to stop blaming themselves. “I no longer think about what could 78

ARIANA 2019

後來， 陳倩茹 聽說這名男性高 層也騷擾過其他同事。「我的一個 同事說，他叫她坐在他大腿上，然 後他摸了她的胸部。」這名女同事 沒有正式投訴，但之後不久，她和 那名男性高層都離開了公司。 陳倩茹 相 信 ， 辦 公 室 發 生 的 這 些事是香港的縮影。「在這個社 會，女性仍然一直受傷害和被佔便 宜。社會並不公平，保護措施也遠 遠不足，無論是公司指引還是政府 保障。我也認為當中有部分與中國 文化有關。性仍然是一個非常禁忌 的題目，這帶來更大的羞恥感，令 受害人更難以啟齒。」

這些影響的。儘管在訪問中，她 看起來優雅從容，裙裝清爽，髮 型有稜有角。 「即便我在事業上已取得了 一些成功，但重要的是，要記住 無論背景如何，人人的內心都有 可能遭受過摧毀。憑肉眼很難看 到這種破壞的程度。這麼多年過 去，我仍然在掙扎。那對一個人 的生命構成極大的傷害。我失去 了對人的信任，我質疑自己，我 要對抗抑鬱……人們以為那會過 去，你十年之後就會『好了』。 但其實傷疤一直都在。」 被叔叔強暴之後， 陳倩茹 有幾 十年覺得自己不值得被愛。在她最 來自過去的幽靈 黑暗的時刻，抑鬱把她拖進絕望深 潭。「我在我的潛意識裡建築了這 三 年 前 ， 有 一 件 事 再 次 揭 開 了 陳 樣一個堡壘，是黑暗到我無法觸碰 倩 茹 的 傷 疤 。 她 出 席 一 名 家 族 成 的。當我情況很糟的時候，我的內 員 的 婚 禮 ， 卻 很 擔 心 叔 叔 也 會 出 心就會更接近那個黑暗城堡。感覺 現 。 當 她 得 知 他 馬 上 就 要 到 達 婚 就像如果我碰它一下，我就會被扯 宴 現 場 的 時 候 ， 她 跑 了 回 家 ， 非 入黑洞。我想將它從腦海中抹走， 常害怕。 但我不能控制它對我的影響。」 「我在坐港鐵時全程在哭。我 不過生活也不全是廢墟。最近 無 法 控 制 我 的 淚 水 。 人 們 都 盯 著 幾年， 陳倩茹說抑鬱較少發作了， 我看。我覺得他好像再次用某種方 她 也 終 於 覺 得 自 己 走 上 了 治 愈 之 式傷害我似的，就算我已經長大成 路 。 「 我 用 了 很 多 年 質 疑 自 人。」她回憶道。 己，想搞清楚我是不是應 她那天沒有和叔叔碰面，但僅 該 為 發 生 了 的 事 負 責 ？ 僅是他的存在本身，對她來說已經 我好幾次對生活絕望。 是不能承受的威脅。去年，一個年 但 過 去 三 十 年 ， 我 變 長的叔叔去世的時候， 陳倩茹的家 得 更 堅 強 了 。 我 不 再 人一同前往葬禮。她已經多年沒有 那麼羞怯，我變得更 見過對她施暴的叔叔，但他當時就 有決心保護自己。」 在靈堂現場。 雖然傷疤已經成 「 我 在 葬 禮 現 場 看 到 他 的 時 為她的一部分，但她 候 ， 我 極 為 震 驚 。 我 的 心 臟 狂 覺得自己值得被愛， 跳。我再一次感到很害怕，很脆 而 且 有 能 力 接 受 愛 。 弱。我無法放下。我不覺得他有 「我希望其他受害人明 可 能 理 解 他 對 我 造 成 的 傷 害 。 」 白，我們是可以治愈的。最 陳倩茹 說。 重要的是我們要先愛自己。」 她說，那種傷害滲透她生活的 她說，受害人敢於發聲、去找 方 方 面 面 ， 從 自 尊 到 情 緒 穩 定 到 支援網絡也很重要，而最重要的是 人際關係，從表面是沒可能看出 停止責備自己。「我不再去想，

W H AT L I E S B E N E AT H 潛 藏 的 痛

have happened if I had done things differently. What if I did this, or didn’t do that? It kills me. For a long time, I felt like I failed that little girl. I felt ashamed to face her.

She had been trapped, crying alone for years.”

“If I could talk to her, I would say: ‘Don’t blame yourself anymore. You are good. You are not alone. You are worthy of real love. Truly.’” 

如果我做了別的選擇，會發生甚麼事。如果我做了這 個，而沒有做那個又會如何？這會把我折磨死。很長 一段時間，我覺得我讓那個小女孩失望了。我恥於面 對她。她被圍困多年，獨自哭泣。」 「如果我可以跟她對話，我會說：『不要再怪自 己 ， 妳 是 好 孩 子 。 妳 不 是 獨 自 一 個 ， 你 值 得 真 愛 。 真的。』」 

*Name has been changed at the request of the victim.

*應受害人要求使用化名。

ARIANA 2019

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UNPACKING THE PAIN Esther Ng – a Hong Kong-based clinical psychologist who has worked with women for the past 30 years – says that a feeling of “worthlessness” is common among sexual assault victims, as is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and low self-esteem.

“When you’re exposed to a severely traumatic experience like assault or rape, you will have a high possibility of developing PTSD,” she says, adding that symptoms include disturbed sleep due to nightmares, a strong sense of fear or anger, insecurity, irritability, hypervigilance, detachment and a strong avoidance response. “If the person is reminded of the incident, perhaps by seeing a person or being in a familiar place, they can also have disturbing flashbacks that feel like

卸下痛苦

they’re experiencing it all over again.”

Children, who haven’t fully developed mentally and

香港臨床心理學家吳如花在過去30年一直為女性服務。她

cognitively, are particularly vulnerable. “They try to make sense

說，性侵受害人常常會覺得自己「一文不值」，此外還有創

of the experience, which is very difficult for them, especially

傷後壓力症（PTSD）、抑鬱和低自信。

when the person who is assaulting them is someone they are

「當你經歷過嚴重創傷，比如侵犯或者強暴，你就很有

familiar with, like a family member,” says Ng. “They will often

可能患上PTSD。」她說。症狀包括因為噩夢睡不好，感到強

blame themselves.”

烈的恐懼和憤怒，缺乏安全感，易怒，過度警惕，對身邊事

Furthermore, she says it’s uncommon for children to report

物無感，以及強烈的逃避反應。「如果那人想起這段經歷，

incidents of sexual assault. Usually, they will suppress the

也許是因為見到某個人，或者去了某個熟悉的地方，他們也

information until they are much older – if they ever disclose it

可能會閃現一些不安的回憶，感覺好像再經歷一次當時的事

at all. “The most prevalent reason is shame. As a society, we

一樣。」

are led to believe that sexual assault or rape is something dirty

心智尚未發育完全的兒童尤其脆弱。吳如花說：「他們會

and, if this happened to me, then I must be dirty,” explains Ng.

試圖理解這些經歷，而這對於他們來說是非常困難的，尤其

“There’s also a lot of self-blame and guilt, which can make a

當侵犯他們的人是熟人的時候，比如家庭成員。他們往往會

person feel like they aren’t worthy of love anymore.”

責備自己。」

Ng says that, if and when victims do seek help, they often

此外，她說孩子很少會舉報自己遭到性侵犯。通常他們

don’t realise the extent of the trauma. For instance, they might

會隱瞞這件事，直到他們年紀更長──如果他們最終真的會把

seek help for another mental health issue altogether. Through

事情說出來。「最常見的理由是感覺羞恥。作為社會的一部

therapy, they realise that this trauma is related, if not the root

分，我們被引導相信被性侵或者被強暴是骯髒的，而如果這

cause of the other psychological or physical symptoms. “It’s

件事發生在我們自己身上，那我一定是很骯髒。此外還有很

very important that victims speak up about their experience

多自我羞恥和罪疚感，這會讓人感覺到他們不再值得被愛。」

as soon as possible, in order to minimise the negative impact

吳如花解釋道。

on their lives.”

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吳如花說，受害人求助的時候，他們往往還沒意識理解創

But speaking up is difficult. In Hong Kong, where the

傷的程度。比如，他們可能會為另外一個完全不同的心理問

stigma of rape remains strong, cultural taboos and prejudice

題求助。透過治療，他們會發現過去的創傷其實是跟那些心

can exacerbate the trauma. In many cases, parents will blame

理問題相連的，甚至是其他心理或生理症狀的根源。「受害

the victims, because they can’t accept what has happened.

人發聲真的非常重要，並要盡快讓其他人知道他們的經歷，

Other times, parents might not report the incident, because

這樣才能減少這些經歷對他們生活的負面影響。」

ARIANA 2019

W H AT L I E S B E N E AT H 潛 藏 的 痛

they worry about losing face, damaging the perpetrator’s reputation or retaliation.

然而發聲是很難的。在香港，強暴的汙名仍然嚴重，文 化禁忌和偏見會讓創傷惡化。很多時候，父母會責備受害

For example, if a mother is dependent on

者，因為他們無法接受發生了的事。又或者，父母不會報告

her husband, who has abused their child, she may weigh the

性侵害事件，因為他們怕丟臉，擔心破壞加害人的聲譽，或

consequences and decide that standing up to him would be

者招來報復。

more dangerous for the family.

The professional and legal support systems in place also pose problems for victims. “In a case last year, the victim

例如，如果一名母親要靠她的丈夫生活，而丈夫侵犯了他 們的孩子，母親便可能會考慮到後果，並認定指控丈夫會為 他們的家庭帶來更大的危險。

reported an aversive experience in the police station, and

現有的專業和法律支援系統也給受害人帶來問題。吳如花

later in the hospital for medical examination,” Ng says. “The

說：「在去年的一宗案件中，受害人到了警署報案，之後去

victim was treated coldly at a time when she needed a sense

醫院檢查，但整個過程並不好受。受害人在需要安全感的時

of safety and security. The police and healthcare professionals

候卻遭到冷待。警方和醫護人員應是『受過訓練』來應對性

are supposedly ‘trained’ to deal with sexual assault victims, but

侵受害人的，但他們似乎並沒有做好。」

it seems that they are not doing a good job.”

ARIANA 2019

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F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

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ARIANA 2019

JUSTICE ON HOLD 公義未至 Sexual harassment in the workplace is widespread in Hong Kong, but entrenched cultural norms and a retrograde legal system continue to impede justice. 職場性騷擾在香港非常普遍，但根深蒂固的文化規範 和倒退的司法體系不斷窒礙公義伸張。

Words 文 Karen Cheung | Illustrations 插畫 Rui Rasquinho

S

hortly after starting a new job in September 2016, Winnie Leung’s* supervisor became fixated on her. He hovered around her at work and repeatedly expressed romantic feelings. Leung coped by deflecting his advances and trying to maintain some distance. But instead of backing off, his actions became increasingly physical and predatory.

In March of the following year, Leung found herself alone in a conference room with her supervisor. Inching closer, he began touching her shoulders before sliding his hands down her body without her consent. “I immediately left the room, but I still felt very uncomfortable,” Leung says. “Just because he wants to be with me doesn’t mean he can just touch me like that.”

2

016 年 9 月 ， 梁 慧 玲 * 開 始 新 工 作 之 後 不 久 ， 上 司 就 盯 上 了 她。在工作期間，他會在她周圍走來走去，不斷表達愛 意。梁慧玲盡量應付，岔開他的攻勢，並試圖和他保持距 離。然而上司不退反進，身體接觸和色迷迷的行為愈來愈多。 翌年 3月某天，梁慧玲和上司單獨在一間會議室裡面。他向 梁慧玲步步緊逼，更在未得到她的同意之下，用雙手觸摸她的肩 膀，然後順著她的身體向下滑。梁慧玲說：「我立即離開了那個 房間，但我仍然覺得非常不舒服。他想和我一起不代表他就可以 那樣碰我。」 ARIANA 2019

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F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

Leung considered filing a report, but her harasser also happened to be the most senior figure in the company. She eventually sent him a stern email, accusing him of harassment and threatening to resign if he didn’t stop. “He knew I had no one else to whom I could report.

He controlled my fate when it came to my salary, so he acted flippant [when I confronted him in person] and carried on,” Leung says. “He didn’t treat no as a no.”

The email had the opposite of her intended effect.

In the months following, he would touch her thighs or her breasts when they sat in front of a computer in oneon-one meetings.

Later that summer, he tried once again to coax her into a relationship. The supervisor called Leung into the conference room and expressed his desire for her. She again refused his advances and tried to leave, but this time he pushed her back. Leung fell and hit her head; amid the chaos, she escaped and went to the police. Leung left the company soon after, frustrated that nothing had been done about her supervisor’s behaviour.

Nearly two years on, Leung is calm and matter-offact when recalling these events, but at the time, she was highly distressed: “I wanted to keep working there but I couldn’t stand how much pressure I was under every time I went into the office.”

EMPLOYERS FALL SHORT As the #MeToo Movement gained traction in Hong Kong, Leung was determined to seek justice and, assisted by sexual violence crisis centre RainLily, she lodged a formal complaint with the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) around four months after the incident in the conference room.

Leung’s case is just one of the 268 sexual harassment complaints filed to the EOC between 2017 and April 2019, according to figures provided by the equality watchdog.

Of these, a staggering 83 per cent are employmentrelated, underscoring the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment in the city. The remaining incidents involve sexual harassment in schools, as well as in the goods and service industries.

In Hong Kong, sexual harassment is unlawful under the 1996 Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO).

According to the SDO, sexual harassment occurs when an individual is faced with a sexually hostile or intimidating environment; unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favours or any other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that is offensive, humiliating or intimidating.

Victims of sexual harassment can submit complaints to the EOC or lodge claims in the District Court 84

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梁慧玲考慮過舉報，但騷擾她的人恰恰是公司裡 面最高層的人。最終，她發了一封措辭嚴厲的電郵 給該名上司，指控他性騷擾了她，並表示如果他不立 即停止騷擾，她就會辭職。梁慧玲說：「他知道我沒 地方可以舉報。他控制著我的薪酬，所以（在我直斥 他的時候）他可以一笑置之，一切如常。他不認為 『不』就是『不』。」 那封電郵帶來的卻是反效果。在之後幾個月間， 上司的行為變本加厲。好幾次他們在會議室單對單開 會時，他都會摸她的大腿和胸部。 之後那個夏天，他再次嘗試哄她和他發展關係。 那名上司將梁慧玲召入一間會議室，並向她示愛。 梁慧玲再次拒絕了他，並試圖離開，但這次他用力 把她推回去。梁慧玲摔倒並撞到頭，在混亂間，她 逃出了會議室，並前往報警。之後不久，梁慧玲離 開了那間公司，但她的上司甚麼事都沒有，她因此 感到非常沮喪。 事發至今已經近兩年，梁慧玲已經可以冷靜而就 事論事地憶述事發經過，但其實，當時她非常痛苦： 「我想繼續在那裡工作，但我每次走進辦公室，壓力 都大到我無法承受。」

僱主未盡己責 隨著 #MeToo 運動在香港蔓延，梁慧玲決心要為自己 尋求公義。在性暴力危機中心風雨蘭的協助下，她在 事發後大約四個月向平等機會委員會（平機會）正式 投訴。 梁慧玲的 個 案 只 是 2017 年 到 2019 年 4 月 間 ， 平 機 會收到的 268 宗性騷擾投訴之一。在這些投訴當中， 高達 83 %的個案與投訴人的工作有關，從而可見職場 性騷擾在香港的氾濫程度。其餘的個案，則包括在 學校和在商品及服務行業發生的性騷擾。 根據 1996年生效的《性別歧視條例》，性騷擾在香 港屬於違法行為。根據條例，一個人如果在工作環境 感受到與性或性別有關的惡意，或者遭遇冒犯、侮辱 或威嚇等不受歡迎的性行徑，即受到性騷擾。 性 騷 擾 的 受 害 人 可 以 在 事 發 後 12個 月 或 24個 月 內，分別向平機會或區域法院提出申索，以獲得包 括道歉信、財務賠償或訂立反歧視政策等形式的 補償。部分案件可能涉及猥褻侵犯或強姦等刑事罪 行，這些案件會交由警方調查，而加害人可能會被 檢控。 風雨蘭最近的一項研究顯示，該機構在 2000年到 2018年間處理過的性暴力案件中，超過七成的職場個 案涉及反覆騷擾。風雨蘭指出，這是受害人與加害人 之間的不平等權力關係所致。一個常見的誤解是，性 騷擾是比較輕微的性暴力，這使得加害人可以毫不顧 忌後果，繼續他們的騷擾行為。 根據《性別歧視條例》第 46條，僱主必須提供安 全和零騷擾的工作環境，而且有可能因為僱員犯下的

JUSTICE ON HOLD 公義未至

within 12 or 24 months of the incident, respectively, and are entitled to reparations including a letter of apology, financial compensation, or enactment of equal opportunities policies. Victims may also be able to pursue criminal action under the offences of indecent assault or rape; such incidents will be investigated by the police and perpetrators may face prosecution.

A recent study by RainLily, which focuses on sexual violence cases between 2000 and 2018, shows that over 70 per cent of incidents that occurred in the workplace involved repeated harassment. According to the NGO, this is a result of the asymmetrical power balance between victim and perpetrator. In addition, the common misconception that sexual harassment is less serious than other kinds of sexual violence, the report reads, empowers perpetrators to continue their actions without fear of the consequences.

Employers are required to provide a safe and harassment-free workplace and, under Section 46 of the SDO, could be liable for acts of sexual harassment committed by their employees. The courts can also investigate whether anti-sexual harassment policies are in place when determining whether employers have discharged their liability properly. However, activists and experts say that, in reality, employers often fall short.

The size of businesses in Hong Kong is one of many contributing factors. Roughly 98 per cent are small- and medium-sized enterprises with fewer than 50 employees.

Within a smaller company, the individual that a victim turns to for help could be the perpetrator and thus in a position to sweep incidents under the rug.

性騷擾行為而負上連帶責任。法庭也可以調查僱主有 否訂立防止性騷擾政策，從而判斷僱主是否已履行他 們的責任。不過倡議者和專家都指出，實際上，僱主 常常沒有履行責任。 這背後眾多原因之一是本地企業的規模問題。香 港有大約 98%的企業屬於中小企，擁有不超過 50名員 工。在較小的公司裡面，受害人可以求助的對象可能 就是加害者，後者也因此可以把投訴壓下不理。 「有些公司可能有比較進步的政策，但直到實行 之前那都不過是一紙空談。」香港大學法律教授紀佩 雅說。在香港尤為如此，受害人常常被勸說要「給面 子」，或者不要「假正經」，而這些文化特質也滲入 工作環境。受害人舉報性騷擾事件的時候，加害者可 以令舉報人的日子非常難過。 紀佩雅說：「一邊是政策，另一邊卻是現實。當你 要押上自己的收入時，你就等於被要求作出抉擇：你 是想吃飯，還是想要一個道歉？你是想升職，還是想 要尊嚴？」

傷口上撒鹽 事實上，不單是職場性騷擾，受害人想就任何與性有 關的侵犯行為討回公道，都要面對重重挑戰。他們的 每一步都會遇上障礙，包括醫護人員和執法人員冷漠 的態度。 在回覆 Ariana的電郵中，警方表示他們「重視處理 性犯罪個案的專業態度，以及為前線警員提供有關培 訓」，而且他們會「盡一切努力合理地保障性侵犯受害 人的私隱，並減少他們的尷尬和壓力。」

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“A company may have progressive policies, but it’s just a piece of paper until it is put into action,” says Puja Kapai, a law professor at the University of Hong Kong.

This is especially true in Hong Kong where victims are often told to “give face” or not be “prudish” – and these cultural characteristics filter into the workplace environment. When victims do report an incident, harassers can make life very difficult for them.

“There’s the policy, and then there’s the reality,” Kapai adds. “When your paycheck is on the line you’re effectively asked to choose: do you want to eat, or do you want an apology? Do you want a promotion or do you want to talk about self-respect and dignity?”

SALT IN THE WOUND Challenges exist not only for victims of sexual harassment in the workplace but for any individual seeking redress in sexual-related offences. They face obstacles every step of the way, including insensitive attitudes from medical staff and law enforcement.

In an email to Ariana, the police say they “attach great importance to professionalism in handling sexual offence cases and the provision of relevant training to frontline officers,” and that they will make “every possible effort to provide reasonable protection to the privacy of victims in sexual offences and to reduce their embarrassment and stress.”

The police also claim that upon receiving a report they assign a well-trained officer of the same gender to conduct the interview. They maintain that they do their best to “avoid further traumatic experience arising from the investigation process” and ensure that counselling is available through the Social Welfare Department and related NGOs. However, when Leung reported her ordeal to the police, they turned her away. Before Leung could file a report, they said she would have to visit the hospital to treat her injuries. To comply with the officers, she waited over 10 hours at short-staffed Prince of Wales Hospital in Shatin before medical staff attended to her.

Following the exam, Leung requested an absence slip from the female doctor handling the case. She would need to miss one day of work to handle the necessary police procedures and recover from the experience.

Leung expected sympathy but instead the doctor said it wasn’t the medical team’s concern, and besides, she “didn’t see any scratches” on Leung.

When she returned to the police station, an officer explained the next steps. Since she hadn’t filed her complaint at the station in the district where the incident 86

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occurred, Leung had to give three separate testimonies at three different police stations – a process that took roughly 12 hours. In an email response, the police said this situation can occur “when a further statement from the victim is required” and “when the case is taken by another criminal investigation team” other than the local station.

Leung recalls the police officers challenging nearly every detail in her story, with one male officer brushing off the incident as trivial: “It’s not a big deal [the supervisor] just wants to be with you.” Officers eventually persuaded Leung to drop the case, stating that her injuries were minor and that, without any eye-witnesses, it would be unlikely for a court to find the perpetrator guilty, even if there was a prosecution. “It felt like they were pouring salt on my wounds.”

That’s when she sought help from RainLily. The NGO arranged free counselling and three sessions of free legal consultation and, with their support, she reached out to the Equal Opportunities Commission. The watchdog assigned her a duty lawyer and she filed a complaint in February 2018.

Within three months, the EOC arranged a conciliation session with her supervisor, during which a facilitator served as a middleman, walking back and forth between the two rooms so that Leung would not have to communicate directly with her harasser. Leung successfully received a six-figure compensation for the monetary loss she incurred from leaving her job after the final incident in the conference room.

But it was only a partial victory. Leung was persuaded to drop the case – a process she describes as “regrettable” – and the criminal investigation was discontinued.

Furthermore, the perpetrator remained in his job.

Many victims face similarly disappointing results because too many loopholes remain in the 23-year-old Sex Discrimination Ordinance, which experts say is in serious need of reform. Helena Wong, a Democratic Party legislator, notes that the law is severely limited as it only covers sexual harassment in select settings such as the workplace, schools, and the service industry.

Previously, only the sexual harassment of customers by service providers – and not vice-versa – was unlawful, meaning that those at risk of workplace sexual harassment, such as flight attendants, were not covered.

An amendment in 2014 finally addressed this, but Wong says that only salaried staff are protected by the law.

Whereas those who work without pay in a company, such as interns or volunteers, are not. A proposed amendment to solve this issue was discussed in the Legislative Council in May 2019, according to Wong.

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警方還聲稱，在收到有關報案 的時候，他們會安排一名受過良好 培訓、與受害人同性別的警員去面 談。他們堅持會盡力「避免在調查 過程中加深受害人的傷害」，並保 證受害人可以從社會福利署和相關 的 NGO 得到諮詢服務。 不 過 ， 當 梁慧玲向 警 察 報 案 的 時候，他們拒絕了她，並表示在 立案之前她要先去醫院驗傷。為 了滿足警察的要求，她在人手緊 張的沙田威爾斯親王醫院等了超 過 10小時，才有醫護人員處理。 檢 查 完 畢 之 後 ， 梁慧玲向 一 名 女醫生索取請假紙以處理案件。 她需要缺勤一天去處理警方要求 的程序，並讓自己休息恢復。 梁慧玲以 為 自 己 會 得 到 同 情 ， 但 那名醫生說那並不是醫護人員

的 分 內 事 ， 而 且 她 在 梁慧玲身 上 「沒看到一絲損傷」。 梁慧玲回 到 警 署 的 時 候 ， 警 員向她解釋了接下來的步驟。由 於她並沒有在事發地點所屬的警 區警署報案，她必須分別到三個 不同的警署錄口供，這個過程需 要 12個 小 時 。 在 一 份 電 郵 回 覆 中，警方稱這種情況是因為「需 要受害人提供進一步說明」，以 及因為「案件交由另一個罪案 調查隊伍接手」，而非當區警署 處理。 梁慧玲記 得 警 員 對 於 她 敘 述 中 的每一個細節，幾乎都提出了質 疑，有一名男性警員甚至認為事 件只不過是雞毛蒜皮，「這沒甚 麼大不了，他（上司）只是想和 你一起。」警員最終說服了梁慧玲

不要報案，並指她傷勢輕微，而 且事發時沒有目擊證人，種種因素 加起來，法庭不太可能將加害者判 罪。「感覺就像他們在往我的傷口 上撒鹽。」 就在那個時候，梁慧玲向風雨 蘭求助。風雨蘭為她安排了免費的 心理諮詢和三節免費的法律諮詢服 務，並支持她向平機會投訴。平機 會給她安排了一名當值律師，幫她 在 2018年 2月正式立案。 三個月內，平機會安排了一個 調解會議給梁慧玲和她的上司， 調解員作為中間人，會不斷往返 他們各自身處的房間聯絡溝通， 使得梁慧玲不必直面曾經騷擾她 的人。最終梁慧玲獲得了六位數 字的金額賠償，以補償她在事發 後離職的損失。 然而這只是部分勝利。梁慧玲 被遊說不要起訴，她形容這個過程 「令人遺憾」，而有關的刑事調查 也沒有再繼續。而且，騷擾她的人 還繼續留職。 事實上，失望而歸的受害者大 有人在。專家認為，這是因為訂立 了 23年的《性別歧視條例》漏洞太 多，亟待改革。民主黨議員黃碧雲 指出，條例只涵蓋部分場景，比如 職場、學校和服務行業，因此其適 用範圍高度受限。 在 2014 年 之 前 ， 只 有 服 務 提 供者對顧客的性騷擾會被視為 違法，反之則不然，這意味 著在職場可能遭受性騷擾的 人，比如空服員，並不受法 例 保 障 。 2014 年 的 修 例 處 理 了這個問題，但黃碧雲說， 目前只有受薪僱員受到條例 的保障。那些非受薪僱員，比 如實習生或志願者，則仍不受 保護。黃碧雲指出，在 2019年 5月，立法會曾討論過針對這個 問題的條例修訂建議。 黃碧雲認為，條例必須有更全 面的檢討。比如，在教育界，如果 受害人的學校與加害者的不同，那 麼條例就無法提供保障。 梁慧玲認為她的個案正正說明 了公眾教育的重要性，如果有更多 處理性騷擾方法的資訊，她就不會 ARIANA 2019

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Wong believes that a more comprehensive review of as practicable,” but they have no available figures on the the law is necessary. For instance, in the education sector, number of times it has been utilised. the law fails to protect victims of sexual harassment if they Critics such as RainLily and the Association attend a different school than their harasser, she says.

Concerning Sexual Violence Against Women (ACSVAW) Leung says her case serves as an example of the have argued that the government’s idea of a one-stop importance of public education – she would not have approach is insufficient, since it still requires victims to felt as lost or scared if there had been more information undergo a medical check-up, forensics examinations, about what recourse she could take. Like many women, several police interviews and repeat their story five to she was inspired by the #MeToo Movement: “If it wasn’t seven times at different locations across the city. for that, I wouldn’t have known that many others have In Hong Kong, 18 out of 43 public hospitals currently gone through this or felt empowered by seeing them provide two designated rooms for examinations within the speak out. I would have given up already.” respective Accident & Emergency Departments, however Still, in Hong Kong, several cultural and societal Rainlily and ACSVAW, among other organisations, hurdles deter many from seeking help, according to have expressed concern about the programme’s Kapai. These include a low level of public awareness implementation in a statement to lawmakers last year. of what constitutes sexual harassment; enduring “The reality is that most AEDs have not been able to cultural stereotypes around the role of women as a provide a room for such purposes,” reads the statement. homemaker; and sex“The victim is resulted “Society as a whole needs and body-shaming. to undergo procedures Regardless of whethbehind a cubicle curtain. to create spaces that are er a victim goes through This arrangement is lacking safe for survivors.” the civil or criminal privacy and safety for route in seeking justice, victims of sexual violence, 「社會整體需要創造 there is “secondary trauand it is far from an ideal 安全空間給受害人。」 ma experience” in the location for the provision procedures due to the of a one-stop service.”

–Puja Kapai 紀佩雅 number of times one has Instead, the organto repeat a story, Kapai isations continue to says. In a society which continues to blame the victim, recommend comprehensive, 24-hour crisis support “you really have to ask whether the gains to be made centres at three public hospitals where victims can under the current remedies are likely to outweigh undergo police, judicial and health proceedings as well as for any victim the cost that they entail, undergoing seek emotional support – an arrangement that reflects the the trauma and double-trauma through Hong Kong’s Guidelines for Medico-Legal Care for Victims of Sexual courts and the process.”

Violence published by the World Health Organization.

Over the past two decades, a host of activists and Ultimately, Kapai believes that the way forward organisations have repeatedly called for a one-stop involves not only changes to the law and reporting crisis centre in Hong Kong’s hospitals where victims can process, but greater awareness among the general public, undergo medical examinations and provide a statement police, doctors and courts. to the police in one appointment, rather than being “You can have the most beautifully drafted law, but it subjected to repeated trauma. is only as effective as the agents or the officers who are in Though they lack any dedicated crisis centre, charge of implementing it,” says Kapai. “It is not only the the police say they already offer “one-stop services” law that needs to be more responsive. Society as a whole that aim to minimise trauma by sending a social needs to create spaces that are safe for survivors, rather worker to accompany the victim to all of the required than a haven for perpetrators.”  appointments in a single day. The police say this service has been in place since 2007 and can be arranged “as far *Name has been changed at the request of the victim.

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JUSTICE ON HOLD 公義未至

那麼慌亂和害怕。和許多女性一樣，梁慧玲也是受到 #MeToo 運動的啟發：「如果不是這個運動，我不會知道有那麼多人也 經歷過同樣的事，我也不會因為看到她們勇敢說出來而感到有 力量。我可能已經放棄了。」 不過紀佩雅說，在香港，文化和社會障礙仍然窒礙許多人 去尋求幫助。這些障礙包括公眾對於怎樣會構成性騷擾的認知 水平偏低，文化定見仍然視女性為家庭照顧者，以及社會對性 和身體的羞辱。 紀佩雅說，受害人無論通過民事或刑事途徑尋求公義， 過程中都會因為需要多次敘述自己的經歷而遭遇「二次 傷害」。在當下的社會中，受害人會不斷受到指摘，「你真 的要想想，現在索償所得到的東西，是否能夠彌補受害人所 付出的代價，包括他們所受的創傷，以及在香港法庭和案件 處理過程中所受的二次傷害。」她說。 在過去 20年間，許多倡議者和組織都多次呼籲在香港的醫 院成立一站式的危機處理中心，讓受害人可以一次過驗傷和向 警察作供，從而避免經歷反覆創傷。 雖然並未設立專門的危機處理中心，但警方表示，他們所 提供的「一站式服務」會派出社工陪伴受害人在一日之內完成 全部會面，藉此將傷害減至最低。警方指這樣的服務從 2007年 已經開始，而且「在可行範圍內」都可以安排。不過，他們沒 有該服務的使用數字。 風雨蘭和關注婦女性暴力協會等組織批評，政府所說的那 種一站式服務是不足夠的，因為那種服務形式仍然要求受害人 先驗傷、取證、與警察對話數輪，以及在香港多個不同地點重 複敘說她們的故事五到七次。 香港的 43家公立醫院中，目前有 18家的急症室中有兩間專 用房間供性侵受害人檢查使用，不過風雨蘭、關注婦女性暴力 協會以及其他組織都在去年致議員的一份聲明中，對有關項目 的實施情況表達了關注。 聲明指出：「實際上大部分的急症室都未能提供專用的房 間。受害人因此要在間隔幕簾後完成有關程序。這個安排未 能保障性暴力受害人的私隱和安全，也遠未達到理想的一站 式服務。」 有關組織繼續建議在三間公立醫院設立 24小時的綜合危機 支援中心，讓受害人可以在那裡一次過完成警方、司法和醫療 程序，同時得到情緒支援。該安排正正參考了世界衛生組織發 出的《對性暴力受害人之醫療及法律支援指引》。 紀佩雅相信，在未來，香港不僅需要改革法例和報案程 序，還要提升公眾、警察、醫生和法庭對性騷擾問題的認知。 「你可以寫出最漂亮的法案，但只有在負責的執法人員付 諸實行時，這些法案才有效。不僅是法律需要更好地回應問 題，社會整體也需要創造安全空間給受害人，而不是做加害者 的天堂。」紀佩雅說。 

IN THE CHURCH 教會裡面 In Hong Kong, as in many communities around the globe, the #MeToo Movement has uncovered rampant sexual misconduct within religious institutions and organisations.

A 2018 survey by the Hong Kong Christian Council found that more than half of the 55 respondents had been sexually harassed or assaulted by a church leader or employee, and 17 per cent said they were forced to perform a sexual act.

Meanwhile in 2018, several women in the city waged high-profile campaigns to raise awareness of the sexual harassment they experienced while working and volunteering at Breakthrough, a Christian youth organisation. The group has since issued anti-harassment policies and guidelines that took effect in March 2019. 就像全球許多地方一樣，香港的#MeToo運動曝 光了宗教機構和團體內部猖獗的性侵擾行為。 香港基督教協進會在2018年的一項調查指 出，55名受訪者中，超過一半曾經被一名教會 領袖或職員性騷擾或侵犯，17%的人說他們曾 被強迫性交。 同 年 ， 香 港 有 數 名 女 性 高 調 加 入 #MeToo 運動，公開了她們在基督教青年機構「突破」 裡面工作或做義工時所遭遇的性騷擾事件。自 此之後，該團體制定了反騷擾政策和指引，從 2019年3月開始生效。

*根據受害人要求使用化名。

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Samuel Miller

F E AT U R E 專 題 故 事

A DEAFENING SILENCE 震耳欲聾的沉默 Men around the world are opening up about their experiences of sexual harassment and violence.

In Hong Kong, however, cultural taboos and obsolete laws stifle their voices. 世界各地的男性開始緩慢但堅定地披露自己遭受性騷擾和性暴力的經歷。 不過，在香港，文化禁忌和倒行逆施的法律扼殺了他們的聲音。

Words 文 Chermaine Lee | Photography 攝影 James Ng@The 4th Wall and Samuel Miller

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he #MeToo Movement has become one of the most significant cultural and political phenomena of the modern era, leading to a profound reckoning that’s affected all sectors of society.

While over the past three years, women have felt more empowered to speak up, an increasing number of male victims have also come forward to report sexual violence.

Research conducted by the American organisation 1in6 found that at least one in six men in the United States have been sexually abused or assaulted at some point in their life, while the largest anti-sexual assault NGO in the country, Rainn (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network), reports that one in 10 victims of rape are male.

Regardless of one’s sex or gender, opening up about sexual abuse is traumatic, and many victims stay silent for decades. Feelings of shame and regret persist, and reporting incidents to the authorities means reliving the trauma for a second time.

Men face an additional impediment: deeply embedded attitudes and pervasive stereotypes regarding sex, masculinity, and male sexual orientation.

Despite the emotional and societal obstacles, drop a tipping point of sorts came in 2018. In front of a packed

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MeToo運動已經成為當代最重要的一個文化和政 治現象，引起社會各界的深刻反思。過去三年， 這場運動鼓勵了無數女性受害人分享自己的經 歷，與此同時，越來越多男性也站出來舉報性暴力。 美國組織 1in6的研究發現，美國每六名男性中至少 有一名曾遭受性虐待或侵犯，而該國最大的反性騷擾 NGO Rainn（反強暴、虐待和近親相姦國家網絡）則 指出，每十名強暴受害者中就有一名是男性。 無論一個人的性別為何，要吐露自己受到性侵犯 的經歷，都是痛苦的過程，許多受害人因而數十年保 持沉默。羞恥和悔恨的感覺會一直纏繞，而向當局舉 報事件則意味著要第二次經歷傷害。而男性還有多一 重障礙，就是社會對於性、男子氣概和男性性傾向， 都有著根深蒂固的態度和無處不在的刻板印象。 儘管存在著情感與社會障礙，轉捩點出現在 2018 年。演員 Terry Crews在坐滿人的美國參議院司法委員 會內作證，稱他在兩年前的一場活動上，被一名很有 聲望的荷里活經理人性侵犯。 Crews說，這名男子兩次 觸摸他的陰莖。「侵犯行為只持續了數分鐘，但他抓 住我陰莖的時候，其實是在告訴我，他掌握權力。」 Crews 補充道：「當男性站出來作證時，那種沉默震 耳欲聾。」在香港，隨著越來越多男人站出來分享他 們的經歷，這種沉默也正在慢慢地發聲。 ARIANA 2019

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US Senate Judiciary Committee, actor Terry Crews testified that he had been sexually assaulted at an event two years earlier by a respected Hollywood agent.

According to Crews, the man groped his genitals twice: “The assault lasted only minutes, but what he was effectively telling me while he held my genitals in his hand was that he held the power.” Crews added: “The silence is deafening when it comes to men coming forward.”

In Hong Kong, this silence is slowly lifting with more men speaking up and sharing their stories.

CULTURAL IMPEDIMENTS One evening in the late 1980s, a 19-year-old Hongkonger named Pablo Chan* visited his neighbour – a famous singer in his 50s – for what was supposed to be a friendly catchup.

But as the night progressed, the neighbour’s behaviour deteriorated. The man forced Pablo to watch a pornographic film while touching his genitals without his consent.

Frightened and shocked, Pablo tried to resist, but the perpetrator continued. After some time, the young man managed to push off his neighbour, who acted surprised that Pablo wasn’t enjoying the sexual advances. When Pablo attempted to escape, the man blocked the door; before letting Pablo go, he told him to keep quiet about what had happened.

文化障礙 1980年代末的一個夜晚， 19歲的香 港 人 陳 柏 樂 * 探 訪 一 名 鄰 居 ── 那 是一名 50多歲的知名歌手。他本來 只是打算去聊聊天，但隨著夜幕漸 垂，這名鄰居的行為開始越來越離 譜。他強迫柏樂看一部色情片，同 時在柏樂沒有同意的情況下摸了他 的陰莖。 驚惶的柏樂試圖反抗，但侵犯 者繼續他的行為。一會兒之後，年 輕人終於成功推開了他的鄰居，後 者很驚訝柏樂對他的性挑逗毫不享 受。當柏樂試圖逃離現場時，這名 男子擋住了門口；讓柏樂離開之 前，他要求柏樂不要把剛剛發生的 事說出去。 92

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It took another 30 years for Pablo to tell the Hong Kong Men’s Association (HKMA) about the incident, coming forward only after it was revealed that the same man allegedly assaulted several other people.

A spokesperson for the HKMA says Pablo didn’t report the assault earlier because he didn’t know the process and wasn’t confident that anyone would believe him – especially his family. In addition, the HKMA say that due to the fact that the alleged perpetrator was famous “[Pablo] didn’t want to make a fuss.”

According to Hong Kong’s Social Welfare Department, less than 4 per cent of the 1,020 reported sexual violence cases in 2018 were filed by male victims.

The figure for sexual harassment is only slightly higher: The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) received 310 complaints of sexual harassment between 2016 and 2018, but only 7 per cent of these were filed by men.

Similarly, there have been only a few high-profile cases reported in the media over the past few years: in 2015, photographs circulated of seven firemen trying to force an object into the anus of one of their colleagues.

Meanwhile, in 2017, a group of Hong Kong University students poured hot wax on a male student’s genitals. In a separate incident around the same time, a student slapped another male student in the face with his penis in a hazing ritual.

事發 30 年後，隨著這名男歌手 被揭發性侵犯了其他幾個人，柏樂 才終於向香港男士協會（男協）說 出了這段經歷。男協的一名發言人 說，柏樂並未更早舉報事件是因為 他不了解程序，也沒信心有人會相 信他，尤其是他的家人。此外，男 協表示，由於被指控的侵犯者很有 名，「（柏樂）不想把事情鬧大。」 香港社會福利署的數據顯 示， 2018 年有 1 , 020 宗已報告的性 暴力案件，當中不到 4 %的申訴人是 男性受害者。在性騷擾案件中，有 關數字只稍微高一點：平等機會委 員會（平機會）在 2016 到 2018 年之 間共收到310份關於性騷擾的投訴， 但其中只有 7 %來自男性。相似地， 香港近年只有三宗矚目事件被傳媒

報導： 2015 年，網上流傳的照片顯 示，七名消防員試圖將一件物件塞 入他們一名同事的肛門； 2017 年， 一群香港大學學生將熱蠟倒在一名 男同學的陰莖上；在差不多同期的 另一宗欺凌事件中，一名男學生在 「捉弄習俗」中，用自己的陰莖 打另一名男學生的臉。意料之內的 是，性騷擾在香港的年輕人之間很 常見。平機會的一份報告指出，四 分之一的大學生在 2016 到 2017 年間 曾遭到性騷擾，其中大部分來自他 們的同學。同一份報告也發現，接 近五分之一的男同學曾被性騷擾， 但只有不到 3%的人曾經向大學正式 投訴。聳人聽聞的故事固然能引起 傳媒關注，但絕大多數的受害人和 他們的經歷則繼續被深深掩埋。

“It’s hard for men to express their feelings because they’re trained not to.” 「男人很難表達自己的 感受，因為他們一直以來 都被教導不要這樣做。」

Unsurprisingly, sexual harassment is prevalent among younger people in Hong Kong. According to an EOC report, one in four university students was sexually harassed between 2016 and 2017 – the majority of whom were harassed by a classmate. The same report also found that nearly one in five male students was sexually harassed but less than 3 per cent lodged an official complaint with their university.

Sensational stories generate headlines, but the vast majority of victims, and cases, remain buried.

Crystal Yeung, who is the assistant corporate communications manager at the EOC, confirms that over 90 per cent of victims take no action with regards to reporting an incident.

Kam Wing Koo, a therapist with the Caritas Family Service who provides counselling to male victims of sexual abuse, says the numbers of male victims are likely much higher: “Men in Hong Kong don’t know how to seek help. It’s hard for them to express their feelings because they’re trained not

James Ng@The 4th Wall

平等機會委員會助理機構傳訊經理 楊欣穎確認，超過九成的受害人不會舉 報侵犯事件。 香港明愛家庭服務性治療師古錦榮 有為男性性侵受害人提供諮詢服務。 他說實際上受到性侵犯的男性應該比已 知的多出很多。「香港的男性不知道如 何尋求幫助。他們很難表達自己的感 受，因為他們一直以來都被教導不要這 樣做。如果他們尋求幫助，他們就成為 了受害者。社會也不鼓勵男性承認自己 受傷。」 古錦榮說，朋友、家庭和熟人都往 往會忽視受害人對事件的說法，反而 會說他們是心懷怨恨，或者只是需要放 下。古錦榮堅決認為，我們必須嘗試理 解男性要開口說出創傷經歷到底有多 難，並鼓勵他們尋求幫助。

– Kam Wing Koo 古錦榮

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to. If they do seek help, they’re victimised. Society doesn’t encourage men to admit that they hurt too.”

Koo says friends, family, and acquaintances all too often dismiss victims’ version of events, suggesting that they’re holding grudges or simply need to let go. Koo is adamant that we must try to acknowledge how hard it is for men to open up about traumatic experiences and encourage them to seek help.

SEXUAL TABOOS Koo cites a case involving a 28-year-old man named Adam Lau* who reached out to Caritas in 2016. When he was five, Adam says his uncle made him watch pornography, groped his genitals, and forced him to touch his uncle in return.

Adam knew that it was wrong but was confused as he had become aroused during the assault; he didn’t tell his parents about what had happened for another three years. Even then, his family didn’t take his story seriously, pursuing no further action other than talking to the boy’s uncle. Adam has found it difficult to trust people ever since.

“Like Adam, many male victims feel turned on during an assault. This can lead to confusion: were they enjoying the sexual interaction? Were they actually assaulted? If the perpetrators are men, [victims] might question their sexuality,” says Koo. According to Australia’s Department of Health, erections and ejaculation are normal bodily responses to intense physical stimuli and cannot be controlled.

Despite this, Koo says Hong Kong society often ridicules men who experience sexual assault, especially homosexual men, which makes it hard for victims to speak up: “I try to help victims clarify their sexual orientation and separate arousal from consent. We can’t help feeling a certain level of pleasure when we’re touched physically, but we shouldn’t confuse that with consent.”

Henry Chan, the HKMA’s chief executive, highlights another pertinent issue that is often not taken seriously: women assaulting men. The problem, Chan says, is that people think the victim is just bragging about having sex.

The HKMA highlights the case of an 18-year-old Catholic student who was forced to have sex with his female supervisor during a trip to China in the 1980s.

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The victim eventually told his classmates, but instead of encouraging him to report the incident to the police they teased him for “showing off.”

Established in 2010 as an off-shoot of Hong Kong Man Power, a defunct organisation that focused on men’s rights, HKMA, for its part, is trying to change the conversation. One of its founders, Leung Chi Keung, is adamant about educating the general public about men’s struggles after nearly being sexually assaulted on the street when he was 11 years old.

Leung recalls a man in Sham Shui Po trying to touch his buttocks, before Leung’s mother intervened.

“Although the incident didn’t traumatise me, it did make me pay more attention to male issues and how men can also be victims,” Leung recalls.

James Ng@The 4th Wall

A DEAFENING SILENCE 震耳欲聾的沉默

性禁忌 Leung Chi Keung, co-founder of HKMA 男協創辦人之一梁志強

古錦榮引述的一宗案例涉及一名 叫 劉 子 琦 * 的 28歲 男 性 ， 他 在 2016 年向明愛求助。他說他五歲的時 候，他的叔叔逼他看三級片，摸 他的陰莖，並強迫他摸回叔叔 的。子琦知道這是不對的，但他 很困惑，因為他在被侵犯的時候 也感覺到亢奮。他直到三年之後 才向父母說出事件，但他的家人 並沒有認真對待，除了跟男孩的 叔叔談了談之外，並沒有採取其 他行動。從那以後，子琦就變得 很難再信任人。

古錦榮說：「和子琦一樣，許 多男性受害人在被侵犯時都會感覺 到性興奮。這會讓他們感覺困惑： 他們是否享受這種性互動？他們真 的受到了侵犯嗎？如果侵害者是男 性，他們（受害人）甚至會質疑自 己的性取向。」澳洲衛生部指出， 勃起和射精是身體對於強烈生理刺 激的正常反應，是不能控制的。 即便如此，古錦榮說，香港 社會常常會嘲笑經歷過性侵的男 性，尤其是同性戀男性，這令受 害人難以講述自己的經歷。「我 嘗試幫助受害人弄清楚他們的 性取向，以及分清楚刺激和同意

這兩件事。我們身體被觸碰的時 候，無可避免會感覺到一定程度 的愉悅，但我們不應該將這種感 受與同意性行為混為一談。」 男協總幹事陳智恒指出，另一 個常被忽視的相關問題是女性對男 性的騷擾。陳智恒說，問題在於， 人們認為受害者只是在吹噓自己的 性經歷。男協提供了一個案例：一 名 18 歲信天主教的學生在 1980 年代 去中國內地探訪，其間被迫與他的 女導師發生了性關係。受害人最終 將經歷告訴了自己的同學，同學非 但沒有鼓勵他舉報，反而嘲笑他是 在「炫耀」。 ARIANA 2019

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The organisation had planned to set up an emergency centre for male victims of sexual violence but couldn’t secure enough funding. Instead, they shifted their focus to providing emotional support and promoting awareness. Leung says they’re still hoping to collaborate with women’s groups to promote gender equality and address common issues of sexual assault and harassment.

In 2013, HKMA launched a hotline called Hard Men which provides a platform for men to talk about their issues, offering assistance in cases of sexual violence, domestic violence, and emotional issues. Between July and December of that year, HKMA received a total of 158 cases, 5 per cent of which concerned sexual violence.

“We listen to the men and provide emotional support. If their cases are substantialised, we’ll put them in contact with EOC counsellors for a follow-up,” says Chan.

LEGAL BARRIERS Aside from sexual taboos and cultural stigma, another major obstacle for male victims is the law, particularly, the government’s definition of rape. According to Section

男 協 成 立 於 2010年 ， 是 已 經 停止運作的組織「男士權責關注 組」的分支。男協專注於捍衛男性 權利，著力改變有關問題的討論 方式。協會創辦人之一梁志強自 11 歲險些被人當街性侵後，就堅決 致力於教導公眾男人之苦。梁志強 還記得當年在深水 埗 ，一名男子如 何試圖觸碰他的臀部，幸好梁志強 的媽媽及時介入。「雖然事件沒有 對我造成創傷，但的確讓我更留意 男性議題，並意識到男性也可能成 為受害人。」梁志強說。 協會曾計劃為男性性暴力受害 人設立緊急支援中心，但未能籌得 足夠的經費。於是他們將重點放在 提供情緒支援和公眾教育上。梁志 強說，他們仍然希望與女性團體合 作，推廣性別平等和處理性侵犯、 性騷擾等常見問題。 96

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118 (3a.) of the Crimes Ordinance, only women can be rape victims. Specifically, a man commits rape if he “has unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman who at the time of the intercourse does not consent to it.” There is no mention of men being raped.

Angeline Chan, a spokesperson for the Progressive Lawyers Group, says the current law inhibits men from coming forward as victims of rape, although men can press charges against women for sexual assault.

“It is outdated," says Chan. "Legislative provisions overlook the possibility of male victims.”

Chan argues that the government should redefine rape so that it includes penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth. However, Chan believes it’s not just the law that needs to change, but the existing culture and people’s entrenched attitudes.

Koo of Caritas wholeheartedly agrees: “Men have the right to feel pain, and we mustn’t forget that they’re human beings too. As a society we need to find the space to talk about sex and gender issues. Only then will we be able to talk about sexual abuse.”  *Names have been changed to protect the identity of the individuals.

2013年，男協推出「男人之苦」 熱線，讓男性可以吐露自己面對的 問題，並為遭受性暴力、家庭暴 力和情緒問題的男性提供協助。 當 年 的 7 月 到 12 月 ， 男 協 收 到 158 宗 個 案 ， 其 中 5% 與 性 暴 力 有 關 。 「我們聆聽男性的聲音，並為他們 提供情緒支援。如果個案屬實， 我們會讓他們與平機會的諮詢師聯 絡跟進。」陳智恒說。

法律桎梏 除了性禁忌和文化汙名，香港男性 在舉報性侵犯時要面對的另一主要 障礙是本地法律。更具體來說，是 政府對於強暴的定義。根據《刑 事罪行條例》第 118 ( 3a )條規定， 只有女性才可以是強暴的受害者。 如果一名男性「與一名女子非法性

交，而性交時該女子對此並不同 意」，即屬強姦。法例中並無提及 男性也可以是強姦的受害人。 法政匯思的發言人之一陳信忻 律師說，雖然男性可以指控女性性 侵犯，但現有的法律窒礙了男性強 暴受害人站出來申訴。「這是過時 的。法規忽視了男性作為受害人的 可能性。」陳信忻認為，政府應該 重新定義強姦，使之囊括對陰道、 肛門和口腔的插入行為。不過，陳 信忻相信要改變的不止是法律，還有 現存的文化和人們根深蒂固的態度。 明愛的古錦榮完全同意：「男 性也有權感到痛苦，我們不能忘 記，他們也是人。我們社會要找出 空間討論性和性別議題。只有這樣 我們才能討論性侵。」  *為保護個人身分已使用化名。

Samuel Miller

A DEAFENING SILENCE 震耳欲聾的沉默

WHERE TO FIND HELP 何處可以求助 Caritas Family Service 香港明愛家庭服務 Provides counselling services to sexual abuse victims. 為性侵犯受害者提供諮詢服務。 +852 2474 7312 family.caritas.org.hk Hong Kong Men’s Association 香港男士協會 HKMA’s Hard Men hotline provides support for men. 男協「男士之苦熱線」為男性提供支援服務。 +852 5402 3333 facebook.com/HKMenAssoc Hong Kong Family Welfare Society 香港家庭福利會 Supports men on marital problems via classes and workshops. 為婚姻出現問題的男性提供支援、課程和工作坊。 +852 2527 3171 menservicehk.org.hk Harmony House 和諧之家 Offers counselling services and assistance to male victims of sexual abuse. 為男性性虐待受害人提供諮詢和協助。 +852 2295 1386 harmonyhousehk.org Po Leung Kuk: Family Crisis Support 保良局：家庭危機支援服務 A 24-hour hotline that provides emotional support and relevant information for men in difficult intimate or family relationships.

24小時熱線為面對親密或家庭關係困難的男性 提供情緒支援和相關資訊。 +852 2890 1830 family.poleungkuk.org.hk

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AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇 Thousands of Southeast Asian women arrive in Macao every year in search of a better income. Instead, mounting debt and restrictive visa conditions leave many of them in vulnerable situations. 每年，數以千計的東南亞女性來到澳門，希望找到收入較佳的工作。 然而，不斷高築的債務和嚴格的簽證限制往往令她們處於弱勢。

Words 文 Cathy Lai Photography 攝影 Anthony Kwan, Cheong Kam Ka and Donl Photography

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Anthony Kwan

Windy Tanedo walking down the stairs of her boarding house in Macao Windy Tanedo走下寄宿公寓的樓梯

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S

unni Anwar* arrived in Macao with a heavy heart.

It was January 2017, and the 27-year-old from the Indonesian port-city of Cirebon had recently relocated to Macao from Hong Kong, where her first employer threw a bowl at her over a perceived mistake.

Anwar’s two young children and elderly father, who suffered from heart disease, were miles away, not to mention she was in serious debt. Anwar owed a total of HK$20,000 (roughly IDR36 million, more than a year’s worth of wages on average in Indonesia) to an Indonesianbased agency and training centre. The agency, which worked with a local partner in Macao to place her in the new job, charged her for Cantonese language classes, an airline ticket from Indonesia, standard agency fees, and relocation fees from Hong Kong.

In Macao, Anwar began working as a live-in domestic worker for a local couple in their thirties, along with the husband’s parents, where she was paid a monthly salary of MOP4,000 (MOP2,500 of which went towards her loan repayment plan).

For the first few days, the job seemed stable. But very quickly, things changed. One afternoon, Anwar was alone in the apartment with the grandfather when he started groping her and requesting sex. Terrified, Anwar pushed him away, making her objections clear.

Afraid of losing her job, she said nothing to the family.

Instead, she approached the agency, hoping they might be able to help her end the contract and find a new job.

They refused.

As is so often the case, the assaults became more regular: Over the course of the next five months, the grandfather tried to touch Anwar sexually whenever they were alone, which was often since he was retired.

At one point, he offered Anwar MOP9,000 to have sex with him.

The more she rejected him, the more aggressive he became. One day, he cornered Anwar, ripped off her trousers and threw her on the bed. Anwar says she was convinced the man would have raped her if the daughterin-law hadn’t come home. As he left the room, the grandfather threatened Anwar, warning her “shut up or I’ll kill you” while making a throat-slitting gesture.

That attack motivated Anwar to collect video evidence of the assaults. In the meantime, she had no other choice but to keep working. “I needed money for my father’s heart disease treatments,” she says. “I didn’t want to go home.”

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FEW LEGAL PROTECTIONS Anwar was one of the 27,000 Indonesian, Filipino, and Vietnamese domestic workers employed in Macao in 2017. As of May 2019, that number has increased to approximately 30,000. Despite their vital contribution to local families, as well as to Macao’s economy, they remain vulnerable and few, if any, have legal protections.

“Domestic workers face different kinds of abuse, such as forced labour, having their passports confiscated, and sexual harassment,” says Erik Lestari, a domestic worker and Indonesian migrant rights activist.

According to Lestari, most domestic workers lack the ability to report any abuse since immigration laws are heavily stacked in favour of employers.

Under Macao’s labour law, once a non-resident’s work permit (also known as a blue card) has been terminated – either due to quitting or being fired – they are permitted to stay in Macao for two to eight days, depending on how long they have already lived and worked in the city. If they fail to find a job and obtain a new work permit within that period, they are required by law to return to their home country.

According to various media sources, it is believed that the Labour Affairs Bureau of Macao set up these regulations to prevent non-resident workers from intentionally underperforming in order to receive severance pay from being laid off. This compensation includes payment for unused annual leave, pay for three working days per month that remains in the contract, and a one-way plane ticket to their home country.

Nedie Taberdo, an independent migrant rights’ activist and chairperson of the Greens Philippines Migrant Workers Union, says that, in reality, the short grace period after their visa is rescinded does not prevent domestic workers from job-hopping. That’s because they will likely have found a new job before terminating their current contract; Taberdo believes it simply discourages workers from reporting any mental, physical, or sexual abuse.

The strict regulations do not make any exceptions for workers who have filed an official complaint of abuse with the police. Once an employer finds out that their helper filed a report, they can immediately fire them and discontinue their work permit. “How can you find another job and go through the entire blue card application process in just a few days?” Taberdo asks.

AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇

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Erik Lestari Indonesian migrant rights’ activist 印尼移工權益倡議者

unni Anwar * 帶 著 一 顆 沉 重 的心來到澳門。那是 2017 年 1月 ， 來 自 印 尼 港 口 城 市 井 里汶（ Cirebon）、 27歲的 Anwar剛 剛從香港搬到澳門，離開了認為她 犯錯就把碗砸向她的首個僱主。 Anwar 的 兩 名 幼 子 和 年 邁 且 患 有心臟病的父親都在千里之外， 而她自己則債務纏身，欠下一間 在印尼的僱傭中介和訓練中心兩 萬 元 港 幣 （ 折 合 約 為 3,600 萬 印 尼 盾，超過印尼人均年收入）。那間 中 介 公 司 與 一 家 澳 門 公 司 合 作 ， 安 排 A n w a r 到 澳 門 做 一 份 新 工作，並收取她廣東話課程費用、 從印尼出發的機票費、中介費，以 及從香港遷到澳門的費用。

來 到 澳 門 後 ， Anwar 為 一 對 30 多 歲 的 當 地 夫 婦 打 住 家 工 。 這對夫妻和丈夫的父母一起 住。 Anwar的月薪是 4, 000元澳門幣 （ 其 中 2, 500元 澳 門 幣 會 直 接 用 於 每月還款）。 一開始那幾日，工作尚算穩 定，一切在意料之中。然而，很 快就出了狀況。一天下午， Anwar 和老爺獨處家中時，老爺開始 撫 摸 她 ， 並 強 迫 她 和 他 發 生 性 關係。嚇壞了的 Anwar推開了他， 明確表示拒絕。可是因為害怕丟 掉工作，她沒有對家中其他人說 出這件事，只告訴了中介，希望 他們可以幫她結束合約和找一份 新工作。但中介拒絕。

就如很多其他同類個案一樣，侵 犯變得越來越頻繁：在那之後的五 個月之間，只要他們一獨處，老爺 就會試圖猥褻Anwar，而且這些情況 經常出現，因為老爺已經退休了。有 一次，他甚至提出給 Anwar9, 000元 澳門幣，要她和他發生關係。 她拒絕得越多，他就越變本加 厲。有一天，他把Anwar逼到牆角， 扯 掉 她 的 褲 子 ， 把 她 拋 到 床 上 。 Anwar相信，如果不是老爺的兒媳 剛好回到家，他已經強暴了她。他 離開房間的時候，還警告Anwar說： 「閉嘴，否則就殺掉你，」同時做 出割喉的手勢。 那 次 襲 擊 促 使 Anwar 開 始 蒐 集 老 爺 侵 害 她 的 影 片 證 據 。 同 時 ，

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In a written response to Ariana’s inquiry, the Labour Affairs Bureau says that the policy has no impact on a worker’s right to seek justice, even if he or she has left Macao. The Bureau says that after receiving a complaint from an employee they will “initiate investigations, which include learning about the situation and collecting information or evidence from both the employer and employee. If an employee has to leave Macao during the investigation, the investigator will continue to keep in touch with the employee, or the employee may authorise a third party to follow up on the case. Therefore, the employee’s labour rights will not be undermined even if he or she has to leave [Macao].”

Taberdo says the bureau’s follow-up efforts are just a formality (in many cases Filipino workers are sent letters in Chinese, which they can’t read) and questions how far this correspondence goes with regards to obtaining justice without any further action being taken.

Lestari agrees: “Victims can authorise a third party to act on their behalf, but when it comes to giving testimony and providing further evidence, they need to be physically [present] in Macao.” Lestari doubts whether victims can afford to fly back for an investigation, especially given how much debt they are already in. She says most give up halfway through the process, which suits everyone but the victim.

CAUGHT IN A TRAP Armed with videos, Anwar reached out to the agency again in June 2017, hoping the evidence would convince them to help her find a new job. Instead of supporting her, Anwar says the agency made her delete the evidence and erroneously claimed that, if she presented the videos to the police, she would be punished for filming the man without his consent. To make matters worse, Anwar says they refused to return her passport, marriage certificate, and family card (an official document that states the contact information of immediate family members).

With regards to video evidence, Macao-based lawyer José Abecasis says Anwar would not have been punished for the covert filming. “I’ve seen many cases where video has been admitted as evidence. From my understanding, Article 186 of Macao’s criminal law would not apply to this situation as her objective in 102

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filming was not to reveal the other party’s sexual life but to reveal the committing of a crime.”

Moreover, Anwar was forced to sign an agreement giving up her right to report the abuser, during which the agency forbade Anwar from using a cell phone to call a friend or lawyer for help. Paul Pun, secretary general of Caritas Macau, says Anwar’s experience with the agency makes her a victim of human trafficking. According to Macao’s human trafficking legislation, the agency committed a crime of forced labour by confiscating Anwar’s passport and restricting her freedom.

Anwar’s case is not isolated. A 2019 survey conducted by the University of Macau, which at the time of printing had not yet been distributed publicly, revealed that 7.8 per cent of the 700 domestic workers who took part in the survey have had their passports confiscated at some point during their employment.

Fish Ip, the Asia regional coordinator for the International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF), believes that Anwar’s case reflects how agencies often play a major role in the exploitation of domestic workers.

Nedie Taberdo, migrant rights’ activist 移工權益倡議者

AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇

Anthony Kwan

Donl Photography

她別無他法，只能繼續工作。「我 需要錢來支付我父親的心臟病治療 費。我不想回家。」她說。

根據澳門的僱傭法例，一旦非 澳門居民的工作簽證（又稱藍卡） 被終止，無論是因為本人辭職還是 被辭退，他們都只能繼續在澳門逗 法律保障不足 留二至八日，日數取決於他們在澳 門已經居住和工作了多久。如果他 Anwar是 2017年在澳門工作的 2 . 7 萬 們無法在這段時間內找到新工作， 名 印 尼 、 菲 律 賓 和 越 南 家 庭 傭 並獲得新的工作簽證，就必須回到 工 之 一 。 截 至 2 0 1 9 年 5 月 ， 這 個 母國。 群體已經增至約三萬人。儘管 據報導，這些規定是為了防止 她 們 對 當 地 家 庭 和 澳 門 經 濟 的 非本地勞工故意怠工，從而透過被 貢 獻 不 可 或 缺 ， 她 們 卻 仍 然 處 辭退而獲得遣散費，包括未放年假 於 弱 勢 ， 甚 少 能 夠 得 到 法 律 的 的薪酬、合約餘下月數每月三個有 保障。 償工作日的薪酬，以及一張返回他 「家庭傭工面對著各種虐待， 們原居國的機票。 包括強迫勞動、被沒收護照以及 獨 立 移 工 權 益 倡 議 者 兼 Greens 性 騷 擾 。 」 家 傭 兼 印 尼 移 工 權 益 Philippines Migrant Workers Union 倡 議 者 Erik Lestari 說 。 Lestari 指 主席 Nedie Taberdo說，實際上，二 出 ， 大 部 分 家 庭 傭 工 都 沒 有 能 力 至八日的寬限期未能阻止家庭傭工 舉 報 任 何 虐 待 行 為 ， 因 為 移 民 法 跳槽，因為她們多數會在現有合約 律嚴重傾斜於僱主。 終止前找到新工作。 Taberdo相信，

有關規定只會讓僱員不敢舉報任何 精神、身體或性方面的虐待事件。 這些嚴格的規定，對於已就 受虐正式向警方報案的僱員也沒 有例外。一旦僱主發現自己的僱 員報了案，他們可以立即辭退僱 員，並終止其工作簽證。「你如 何能在幾天之內就找到另一份工 作，並完成所有申請藍卡的程序 呢？」 Taberdo問。 在 給 Ariana 的 一 份 書 面 回 覆 中，勞工事務局表示，有關政策 不影響僱員尋求公道的權利，就 算是在他們離開澳門之後，他們 仍擁有追訴權。該局表示，局方 收到僱員投訴之後，他們會「展 開調查，包括向勞資雙方了解具 體情況、蒐集資料或證據等。倘 僱員於個案調查期間須離開澳 門，調查人員會繼續與有關僱員 保持聯繫，（或者僱員）可授權 第三人跟進個案，故此，有關僱 員的勞動權益，並不會因其須離 開澳門而有任何受損。」 Taberdo說，勞工事務局的跟進 只是例行公事（很多時候菲律賓 傭工會收到局方發來的中文信， 而她們根本看不懂）。她也質疑 當局和投訴人的通訊，在沒有進 一步實質行動的情況下，可以進 展到甚麼程度。 Lestari 也 有 同 感 ： 「 受 害 人 可以授權第三方代表處理，但到 了要提供證詞和進一步證據的 時候，她們便必須人在澳門。」 Lestari 不 確 定 受 害 人 是 否 有 能 力 支付為調查而飛回澳門的路費， 尤其是考慮到她們已經欠下的債 務。她說大部分受害人都會半途 而廢，而這合了所有人的心意， 除了受害人自己。 Fish Ip, International Domestic Workers Federation 葉沛渝，國際家事勞工聯會

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“Unfortunately, these workers know nothing about their rights in Macao. They are sent abroad by the agency and, throughout the process, the only institution they know is the agency,” she says. “For those who have not been in the city for a long time [like Anwar], if they have any problems, they can only reach out to the agency for help, but they will just exploit the worker to make money.”

Anwar says the agency agreed to find her a new employer only if she followed their instructions: Destroy the video evidence and agree not to file a police report; otherwise, she would lose her job, be sent back to Indonesia, and be blacklisted from working in Macao.

Moreover, she knew that her family could be billed and held accountable for any money she owed. Anwar felt like she had no choice but to comply.

Ariana contacted the agency for comment, but the manager, who refused to be identified, insisted that the agency has never forced any domestic workers into such a contract: “We know which worker you are talking about. There was only one case [related to sexual assault]

泥足深陷 2017 年 6 月 ， Anwar 帶 著 影 片 再 次 向中介求助，希望這些證據能說 服他們幫她另外找一份工作。然 而 ， Anwar 說 中 介 不 但 沒 有 支 持 她，反而要她刪除證據，並錯誤 地聲稱，如果她把這些影片交給警 方，她會因為在未得片中男子同意 的情況下拍攝他而受罰。更糟糕的 是，中介拒絕交還 Anwar的護照、 結婚證明和家庭卡（一份列出直系 家庭成員聯絡資料的正式文件）。 澳 門 律 師 José Abecasis 指 出 ， Anwar不會因為偷拍這些影片證據 而受罰。「在我見過的很多案例 中，這些影片會被採納為證據。 根據我的理解，澳門《刑法典》第 186條不適用於這個情況，因為她 拍攝這些影片的目的不是為了曝光 對方的性生活，而是為了揭發他的 罪行。」 104

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throughout the years, but we’ve never forced anyone to sign any contract. You can bring her here. We don’t mind confronting her face-to-face.” When Ariana contacted the agency a second time, the manager declined to comment further on Anwar’s situation and said the agency retained the right to pursue legal action in case of defamation.

After she followed their instructions, Anwar says the agency allowed her to move into one of its dormitories and, two weeks later, they found her a new employer. At first, Anwar was hesitant to take the job as she found the wife particularly cold, but the agency told her that she had to act quickly because her current employer would soon discontinue her work permit.

Yet again, Anwar had little choice. She started working as a live-in domestic worker for the new family in late June 2017. The job allowed her to pay off her remaining debts. But she says she could never trust an agency again: “I realised that they just want to take our money. They don’t care about our fate at all.”

更 甚 的 是 ， 中 介 還 強 迫 Anwar 簽署一份放棄舉報施虐者權利 的協議，同時禁止她打電話給朋 友或律師求助。澳門明愛總幹事 潘 志 明 認 為 ， Anwar 在 中 介 公 司 的經歷已經讓她成為人口販運的 受害者。根據澳門防止人口販 運的法例，該中介公司已經犯下 了強迫勞動的罪行，因為它沒 收 了 Anwar 的 護 照 ， 並 限 制 她 的 自由。 Anwar 的 個 案 並 非 孤 例 。 澳 門 大 學 在 2019 年 的 一 項 調 查 （ 至 本刊截稿前仍未公開發佈）發 現，在 700名參加調查的家庭傭工 中， 7. 8%曾經在受僱期間被沒收過 護照。 國 際 家 事 勞 工 聯 會 （ IDWF ） 亞洲地區總召葉沛渝相信， Anwar 的個案反映中介對於家傭剝削問 題也有不可推卸的責任。「不幸的 是，這些僱員不了解自己在澳門的

權利。她們被中介送到國外，而在 整個過程中，中介是她們唯一知道 的機構。對於那些在澳門時間不 長的人（比如 Anwar）來說，如果 她們遇到問題，她們只能找中介求 助，但中介只會透過剝削壓榨她們 來賺錢。」她說。 Anwar 說 中 介 同 意 幫 她 找 新 僱 主，但條件是她必須遵從他們的 指令，包括銷毀影片證據，並同 意不報警。否則，她就會失去工 作並被送返印尼，而且從此被列 入來澳工作的黑名單。此外，她 也知道她的家人可能會被要求支 付她欠下的債務。 Anwar覺得，她 除了服從，別無選擇。 Ariana聯 絡 過 那 家 中 介 公 司 ， 回應的經理拒絕透露名稱，但她 堅稱，公司從來沒有強迫任何家 庭傭工簽署任何合約。「我們知 道你講的是哪個人。這麼多年只 有一宗個案（和性侵犯有關），

Cheong Kam Ka

NO TIME FOR JUSTICE Windy Tanedo, then 26 years old, left her hometown of Tarlac City in the Philippines and arrived in Macao on a tourist visa in July 2017. She had to sell her mother’s house back home so she could afford to travel overseas with high hopes of increasing her income to support her family.

Through a friend’s referral, she started working for a couple in their thirties as a live-in domestic worker, after they applied for her work permit through the Immigration Department. With a standard monthly salary of MOP4,000 (double what she made as a cashier at a gas station in her hometown) Tanedo’s primary responsibility was to take care of the husband’s 67-year-old mother.

The first seven months passed smoothly, and she got on well with the family. But after the woman passed away, the son started exhibiting a darker side. One day, Tanedo was mopping the floor in the living room.

INADEQUATE PROTECTION 保護不足 We spoke with local activist Icy Kam to better understand how Macao’s legal protections for sexual harassment are falling short. 我們向澳門倡議者甘雪玲了解當地法律保護措施有何不足。 Relative to other developed cities, Macao was late to establish legal protections against sexual harassment. Enacted just two years ago, the SAR’s sexual harassment law criminalises non-consensual physical contact and punishes guilty offenders with up to one year in prison.

But Icy Kam, chairperson of the New Macau Association and a member of the Concern Group of Sex Crimes, believes that the law fails to provide full protections. “Harassment without physical contact, such as candid photographs or videos and verbal abuse, are not covered by the law,” says Kam. For instance, in May, the police arrested a man for filming women without permission in the bathroom of a local shopping mall; however, due to inadequate laws, the offender was only charged for ‘Intrusion of Private Life (Article 186)’. “The charge excluded the sexual offense embedded within the crime,” says Kam. The activist stresses that an independent committee for handling

但我們從未強迫任何人簽署這樣的協議。你可以帶 她 來 。 我 們 不 介 意 當 面 對 質 。 」 當 Ariana 再 次 聯 絡 該 中 介 公 司 的 時 候 ， 經 理 拒 絕 再 就 Anwar 的 情 況 作 任何評論，並稱公司保留針對誹謗採取法律行動的 權利。 在 Anwar做了中介要求的事後，她說中介讓她入住 他們的其中一個宿舍，並在兩周之後給她找了一個新 僱主。一開始， Anwar很猶疑是否要接受這份工作， 因為她覺得僱主太太的態度特別冷淡，但中介告訴 她，她必須盡快決定，因為她的現任僱主很快會終止 她的藍卡。 又一次， Anwar 別無選擇。 2017 年 6 月下旬，她開 始到新僱主家當家庭傭工。這份工作的薪水夠她付清 餘下的債務。可是她再也無法相信中介了。「他們只 是想要我們的錢。他們完全不顧我們的死活。」她說。

sexual harassment complaints needs to be established and all forms of sexual harassment should fall under a formal mechanism for reconciliation or punishment. She points to the Equal Opportunities Commission in Hong Kong as an example for Macao to follow, adding: “We cannot just let all these misconducts go unnoticed.” 相對於其他已發展城市，澳門對性騷擾提供法律保障的時間較晚。澳門的性 騷擾法在兩年前才正式實施，法例將未經同意的身體接觸定為犯罪，一經定 罪，最高可被判監一年。 不過，新澳門學社理事長兼性犯罪關注組成員甘雪玲認為，法律並未提供 全面保障。「沒有身體接觸的騷擾，例如偷拍的照片或錄像，以及語言騷擾 等，都不在法律的保障範圍內。」她說。 她舉例說，警方在今年5月逮捕了一名男子，他涉嫌在當地一家商場的洗 手間內偷拍女性；可是，由於法律的疏漏不足，他只被控以「侵入私人生活 罪（第186條）」。「這項控罪排除了此案中的性犯罪性質。」甘雪玲說。 雪玲強調，澳門需要建立一個處理性騷擾投訴的獨立委員會，並將所有

沒時間討公道

形式的性騷擾都納入一個正式的調解或懲罰的機制中。她認為澳門可仿效香 港，設立類似於平等機會委員會的機構。她補充說：「我們不能讓這些不當

2017年 7月，當時 26歲的 Windy Tanedo離開在菲律賓 丹轆市（又譯打拉市）的故鄉，持旅遊簽證來到澳 門。此前她要賣掉母親在家鄉的房子，才能支付出國 的費用。她指望能在澳門多掙點錢來養活家人。

行為不了了之。」

Learn more 詳情請看 newmacau.org

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經朋友介紹，她開始為一對 30 多歲的夫婦打住家 工。這對夫婦給她申請了工作簽證。拿著每月 4 , 000 元澳門幣的標準薪水（比她在家鄉一個加油站做收銀 員所掙的多一倍）， Tanedo 的首要任務是照顧男僱主 67 歲的母親。 頭 七 個 月 都 很 順 利 ， Tanedo 和 這 家 人 相 處 得 很 好。然而在男僱主的母親去世之後，男僱主就開始展 現其黑暗的一面。有一天， Tanedo 正在客廳拖地。她 一抬頭，看見他坐在沙發上自慰。震驚的 Tanedo 立即 離開客廳，假裝甚麼都沒有看到。 那次之後，只要他太太不在家，他就會在 Tanedo 面前自慰，而如果 Tanedo 離開房間，他就會跟著她， 並繼續那樣做。驚恐而困惑的 Tanedo 保持沉默了接近 四個月，因為她知道自己手上沒有性騷擾的證據。 有一晚， Tanedo 躺在床上，男僱主走進了她的房 間。他走近她身邊，把臉湊向她的臉，只盯著她。雖 然 他 沒 有 碰 她 ， 但 Tanedo 說 那 幾 分 鐘 就 像 永 遠 那 麼 長。「我非常害怕，完全動彈不得。」她回憶道。自 那天開始，她把一把刀藏在自己枕頭底下。 106

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“I just wanted to move on and stop living in fear.” 「我只希望這件事快點過去， 不用再生活在恐懼中。」 – Windy Tanedo

Anthony Kwan

She looked up and saw him on the sofa, masturbating.

Shocked, Tanedo left the room and pretended she didn’t see anything.

From then onward, he would masturbate in front of Tanedo whenever his wife was away. If she left the room, he would follow her and continue touching himself. Scared and confused, Tanedo kept silent for nearly four months, knowing that she had no evidence of the harassment.

One night, when Tanedo was laying in bed, the husband walked into her room. He approached her and held his face close to hers, just staring at her. Although he did not touch her, Tanedo says the next few minutes felt like forever. “I was so scared. I couldn’t move at all,” she recalls. That day, she started to sleep with a knife under her pillow.

Soon after came another shock. In June 2018, Tanedo was taking a shower when she looked up and saw an iPad hanging from the small window; the husband was filming her. Tanedo hid in the bathroom and cried, before finally

AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇

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gathering the strength to go to the police, who took her statement and accompanied her to the employee’s home to gather her belongings.

The couple agreed to settle the matter privately, paying Tanedo MOP8,000 and giving her time to find another employer before terminating her contract.

After staying at a friend’s apartment for a week, she found another employer through a local agency, which charged her an agency fee of MOP5,000.

Tanedo believes the settlement was insufficient; however, she needed to find a new job as soon as possible in the face of ongoing financial pressures. “I wasn’t interested in learning what I had to do to seek justice.

I just wanted to move on and stop living in fear.”

‘A NIGHTMARE FOR EVERYONE’ Both Anwar and Tanedo suffered in silence for months, which Pun says isn’t too surprising. When people are away from home, he explains, they are more likely to avoid conflicts. “In the case of domestic workers, their concern will be about the consequences of upsetting their employers,” he adds.

However, Pun stresses the importance of victims speaking up, or at least filing a report with the police.

“By reporting the harassment and assault, they can turn the problem into a social issue and push the government to take action by adjusting relevant policies.”

On an emotional level, Pun believes that reporting a case of harassment not only helps victims release a certain amount of frustration but also encourages healing within the family. “People tend to think that reporting abuse will destroy a family. But the truth is that when a person is abusing someone inside a family, the other family members are also being abused, psychologically speaking. It’s a nightmare for everyone.”

To encourage more reporting, Pun believes that the Immigration Department should grant legal stay to migrant workers who have filed a complaint, until the case is settled. Meanwhile, he says, local NGOs can help by supporting workers throughout their time in Macao.

“There will be risks of false accusations, but I don’t think this will be common because migrant workers often have to borrow money in order to come to Macao.

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另一次驚嚇很快到來。 2018 年 6 月， Tanedo 正在洗 澡的時候， 她一抬頭，就看見一部 iPad 吊在小窗：男 僱主正在拍攝她。 Tanedo 躲在浴室哭泣，之後才鼓起 勇氣報警。警方幫她錄了口供，並陪她到僱主家裡拿 走個人物品。 那對夫婦同意私了這件事，支付了 Tanedo 8,000元 澳門幣，並在終止合約之前給她時間找新僱主。在一 名朋友家中住了一個星期之後， Tanedo 通過一間本地 中介公司找到了新工作，中介收了她5,000元澳門幣。 Tanedo 認為私了是不夠的，不過面對不斷增加的 財政壓力，她需要盡快找到新工作。「我沒興趣知道 怎樣做才能討回公道。我只是希望這件事快點過去， 不用再生活在恐懼中。」

所有人的噩夢 Anwar 和 Tanedo 都在沉默中受了幾個月的折磨，潘志 明說這種情況並不鮮見。他解釋，當人遠離家鄉的時 候，他們更傾向於避免衝突。「對於家庭傭工而言， 她們關心的是激怒了僱主會有甚麼後果。」他說。 不過，潘志明強調受害人必須發聲，或者至少報 警。「通過舉報騷擾和侵犯，她們可以將自己的問 題轉化成社會議題，並推動政府採取行動，調整相關 政策。」 在情緒層面，潘志明相信，舉報騷擾不止有助受 害人抒發部分沮喪情緒，還有助一個家庭重回正軌。 「人們傾向認為，舉報虐待會摧毀一個家庭。但事實 上，當一個家庭中有一個人在虐待另一個人，其他家 庭成員在心理層面上也在受虐。那對所有人來講都是 噩夢。」 為了鼓勵更多舉報，潘志明認為，出入境管制廳 應該給已經報案的移工合法居留期，直到他們的案件 完 成 處 理 。 同 時 ， 他 說 本 地 NGO 可 以 在 工 人 居 留 期 間提供支援。「是有虛假指控的風險，但我不認為這 會非常普遍，因為通常移工要借錢才能來澳門，如果 他們不工作，他們就有麻煩了。」 國際家事勞工聯會的葉沛渝也認同，嚴格的非法 移民法規和將他們驅逐出境的規定，使得家庭傭工 無可能舉報被虐。她強調：「勞工事務局和出入境 管制廳必須更好地配合。我們不能讓入境政策凌駕 一個工人討回公道的權利。」 除了移民政策需要檢討，葉沛渝也認為澳門社會 有很多方法可以合作，以保護弱勢的移工。「勞工事 務局可以安排家訪，了解家庭傭工的福利狀況，還可

AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇

Anthony Kwan

A workshop hosted by IDWF teaches domestic workers about their employment status in Macao IDWF為家庭傭工舉辦工作坊，讓她們 了解家傭在澳門的就業狀況

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If they stop working, they’ll be in trouble.”

Ip, from the IDWF, agrees that the strict regulations on illegal immigration and expulsion have made it impossible for the domestic workers to report abuse. “The Labour Affairs Bureau and Immigration Department must coordinate better. We cannot let immigration policies override a worker’s right to seek justice,” she stresses.

Besides reviewing immigration policies, Ip believes there are many ways for the community to work together to protect these vulnerable migrant workers.

“While the Labour Affairs Bureau can arrange home visits to check on the well-being of domestic workers, more promotion can be done to let the public know that abuse and harassment are wrong and punishable.”

ONE TOO MANY Last year, the Public Security Police Force of Macao received six cases in relation to the abuse of domestic workers by employers or employers’ family members.

Among the cases, the force processed one reported instance of rape and five cases of general intrusion of physical integrity (assault that causes physical or mental damage). The rape case is now being being followed up by Macao's Judiciary Police.

According to Pun, Caritas Macau has received one official complaint of sexual assault from a domestic worker in the past two years.

However, Pun stresses that in a small city like Macao, one case is already too many. “If we can encourage even

“We cannot let immigration policies override a worker’s right to seek justice.” 「我們不能讓入境政策凌駕 一個工人討回公道的權利。」 – Fish Ip 葉沛渝

以做更多宣傳，讓公眾知道虐待 和騷擾是錯的，而且要接受法律 的懲罰。」

一個都太多 去年，澳門治安警察局接獲六宗 家傭受到僱主或僱主親屬侵犯的 個案，當中，警方處理了一宗報 稱強姦案及五宗普通傷害身體完 整性案（即導致身體或心理損害 的襲擊）。強姦案已移交司法警 察局跟進。 潘志明指出，澳門明愛在過去 兩年收到一宗正式投訴，當中涉及 一名家庭傭工表示她被性侵犯。 不過，潘志明強調，在澳門這 110

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樣 的 小 城 市 ， 一 宗 個 案 也 已 經 太 多了。「如果我們可以鼓勵到受虐 者去舉報，即使只有一個人，也可 能激勵到更多受害人走出來。」 Tanedo 說她用了足足六個月才 能面對曾經發生的事：「以前，我 每次講起那段經歷都會哭。」現 在，她說現任僱主很好，她也終於 儲夠錢買回媽媽的房子。儘管生活 在慢慢復原， Tanedo 仍然相信，家 庭傭工需要得到法律的保護。「沒 有更好的法律，有些老闆就會繼續 不顧我們的死活。」 至於 Anwar，她的父親最近去世 了，而她繼續留在澳門工作，經朋 友介紹找到了新的僱主。Anwar正在 努力忘記創傷：「雖然我正在慢慢

好轉，但我仍然對自己的經歷感到 非常憤怒。我每次想起都會哭。」 Anwar 說 她 仍 然 害 怕 和 男 性 獨 處。她工作的時候總是穿著長袖衣 服和長褲，她的男僱主不小心碰到 她的手她也會很緊張。她也盡力確 保自己不會和他獨處一室，即使他 一直表現得非常規矩。當男僱主問 她是不是有問題的時候， Anwar 會 說她是穆斯林，所以被禁止與男性 有肢體接觸，除非那是她的丈夫。 「我只能那麼說。那不是一件 你可以隨便告訴別人的事情。創傷 可能某天會消失，但我不知道是甚 麼時候。」 Anwar 解釋道。 

*為保護受害人身分已使用化名。

AN IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE 不可能的抉擇

just one victim to report the abuse, this might help motivate more victims to come forward.”

Tanedo says it has taken six months for her to come to terms with what happened: “In the past, I would cry every time I talked about my experience.” Today, she says, she is working for a good employer and she also managed to buy back her mother’s house (which she sold to move to Macao). While she is on the mend, Tanedo still believes it’s important for the laws to protect domestic workers. “Without better laws some bosses will continue to disregard our well-being,” she says.

As for Anwar, she recently lost her father and continues to work in Macao, this time for an employer who was referred by a friend. She’s trying to put the trauma behind her: “Although I’m getting better over

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time, I still feel very angry about the experience. I cry whenever I think about it.”

Anwar admits she’s afraid to be alone with men. She wears long sleeves and long trousers at work and feels anxious if her male boss accidentally touches her hand; she also makes sure she’s never alone in a room with him, even though he has always been completely professional.

When he asked if she was OK, Anwar told him that she was a Muslim and that it was forbidden for her to have physical contact with men, apart from her husband.

“That’s the only thing I can say,” Anwar explains. “It’s not something you can just tell everyone. The trauma may disappear someday, but I don’t know when.”  *Name has been changed to protect the victim’s identity.

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防 波 堤

In a world of total surveillance, some secrets remain. 在絕對監控的世界，仍然有秘密藏匿。

Words 文 Anna Simpson Illustrations 插畫 Bruno Silva

H

e walked past the former ship-loading bay and climbed up the seawall to the walkway above, setting his food down carefully. To his left was the glare of the Hong Kong skyline, against which he often saw the silhouettes of others like him. But tonight, he was alone.

The seawall was a haven for Seb. Here, he felt more like himself. His experience of others changed: rather than anxiety and anger, he felt camaraderie. He rarely made eye contact or exchanged words, but when he saw them sitting there, looking out over miles of discarded plastic, he felt a certain kinship in their shared sense of despair.

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By the late 2040s, you could have anything, meet anyone, go anywhere – all thanks to the limitless possibilities of the virtual world. But while augmented experiences continued to develop at warp speed, a sense of apathy about the real world had set in. Curiosity, imagination, dreams... these were quickly becoming foreign concepts.

Seb understood that virtual fulfilment ratings were at an all-time high and real-world ambition was at an alltime low. He’d witnessed this in a virtual class he’d taught by deviating from the curriculum when he asked his students about their dreams. They had mostly shrugged.

Their parents, following via a livestream, were outraged.

他

走過棄置的輪船裝卸 區，爬上防波堤上的走 道，小心地放下食物。 在他左手邊，香港的天際線發出刺 目的光芒，他常常在那眩光裡看見 像他一樣的人的剪影。但今夜，他 獨自一人。 防波堤是薜子安的避風港。在 這裡，他感覺更自在。他對其他人 的感覺改變了：不再焦慮和憤怒， 反而生出了一些同志情誼。他不會 與他人有眼神接觸，也不會交談， 但當他看著他們坐在那兒，遠眺著

蔓延了數英里海面的塑膠廢料時， 他在他們共有的絕望感裡，找到某 種親切的感覺。 到 了 2040 年 代 後 期 ， 你 可 以 擁 有任何東西，見任何人，去任何一 個地方，這一切都歸功於虛擬世 界的無邊可能性。然而隨著擴增體 驗的極速發展，對現實世界的冷漠 感也開始出現。好奇、想像力、夢 想……都正迅速變成陌生的概念。 子安也知道，虛擬滿足感評分 達到前所未有的高度，人們對現實 世界的追求也跌到了歷史最低點。

這個想法在他執教的一個虛擬課 堂上得到了證實。當時，他在講 課時偏離課程內容，問學生的夢 想是甚麼。大部分學生只是聳了 聳肩，而看著課堂直播的學生家 長則勃然大怒。 其中一個學生珊怡對他眨了眨眼 睛，似乎是在仔細思考這個問題。 子安與她對望，等待著，一邊鼓勵 她，並確信自己正在目睹一件重要 且自然的事發生。珊怡開始微笑， 子安心跳不斷加速，並確信這名學 生即將要分享她一直以來被壓抑的 ARIANA 2019

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There was one student, Xan, who blinked back at him, as if pondering his question. Seb held her gaze, waiting, willing her on, certain that he was witnessing something important happening, something organic. Xan started to smile and Seb, his heartbeat escalating, was certain that the student was about to share her pent-up passions and ambitions. But was that all he desired? He asked himself this over and over, and each time he felt that it was nothing more than an urge to hear Xan’s aspirations. To his disappointment, the girl had blushed and dropped her gaze.

A few days later, the virtual classroom’s near-optimum relationships management system (NORMS) singled out Seb for sexual harassment, and the school authorities fired him. According to NORMS, Seb had spent 4.3 seconds waiting for a student to answer his question with an elevated heart rate of 101 bpm, thereby showing “an undue level of interest in her responsiveness.”

According to the dismissal report, this constituted sexual harassment.

His first reaction was disbelief, especially as he’d never set eyes on Xan in the real world. But no such argument held up in a majority-virtual realm.

He was well aware of the sophistication of virtual predators. In fact, it was Seb who had convinced the school board to install such a sensitive system in the first place.

NORMS was designed specifically to prevent cyber harassment by monitoring relationships in virtual environments. The programme used algorithms to detect deviations from established patterns in human interaction; when behaviour changed, it would raise an alert.

Seb had challenged the findings, arguing that his behaviour had been for educational purposes only, but the school had set NORMS to

熱情和志向。可是這就是他想要的 全部嗎？他問了自己一遍又一遍， 而每一次，他都覺得自己只是渴望 聽到珊怡的抱負，沒有其他。可是 他失望了，女孩紅著臉，垂下了她 的眼睛。 數天後，這個虛擬教室的 「近乎無誤關係管理系統」 （ NOR M S ） 指 出 子 安 涉 嫌 性 騷 擾，而校方決定解僱他。根據 NORMS 的監察，子安用了 4 . 3 秒去 等一個學生回答他的問題，同時他 的心跳加速到每分鐘 101 下，由此 可見他「對她的回應有不恰當程度 的興趣」。根據這份解僱報告，這 構成了性騷擾。 他的第一反應是難以置信，尤 其是因為他從未在現實世界中見 114

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過珊怡。不過，在虛擬為主的國 度，這樣的辯詞是站不住腳的， 他也深知網絡侵犯者的能耐，實 際上，一開始正是子安說服了校 董會安裝這樣一個靈敏的保安 系統。 NORMS正 正 是 設 計 來 監 控 虛擬環境中的關係，從而防範網 絡騷擾的。該程式利用演算法偵 測不符合人類互動既定規律的行 為；一旦行為發生變化，系統就 會發出警報。 子安曾反對系統的調查結果， 辯稱他的行為不過是在教學，但 學校將 NORMS 對學生的保護設置 到「高度戒備」的狀態。同時， 學校管理層提醒子安，他曾經受 過行為規範訓練，因此他沒有藉口

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‘high caution’ for the students’ protection. Meanwhile, READING THE SIGNALS the administrators reminded Seb that he had received training on behavioural norms and that there were no Constantly being judged by others, Seb began to judge exceptions for deviation. By law, two breaches led to himself. It weighed heavily on him, on his gestures, his criminal charges being filed, but as this was Seb’s first voice, his physique. offense, he received a permanent social warning.

He’d once been classed as an optimal specimen – high As a result, Seb faced restricted access to public scores for posture, muscle, weight, and presentation – but services, including the best hospitals and housing, as the months passed, the muscles between his shoulder as well as to the job blades weakened, his market and his hardhead slumped, and his earned state pension. eyes lost their energy.

“When Seb approached, Worst of all was the Seb’s voice grew quieter everyone saw the amber glow social ostracisation: too, muffled, indistinct. of a sexual predator in the corner When Seb approached, He stopped wearing everyone saw the flattering, well-cut suits of their augmented lenses.” amber glow of a sexual and instead pulled the predator in the corner same pair of faded jeans 「人人都能在他們的擴增實境 of their augmented and old, loose shirts out 鏡頭的角落裡，看到發出黃光 lenses. The first time of his closet. 的性侵害者標記。」 he was in public after He used to be a his dismissal, the tech idealist. He had crowds had parted believed that the social around him; others crossed the street to avoid him. Seb radar could bring about higher levels of compassion or had smiled at a young man who seemed friendly, only generosity ­– that if you could see the lives of others, you to be spat upon. might become more empathetic. But the Pearl River Delta

可以偏離常規。根據法律，兩次違 反行為規範就會引來刑事起訴，由 於這是子安的初犯，他只收到一張 永久社會警告。 在這個社會警告下，子安對公 共服務的使用權受到限制，包括最 好的醫療和房屋，以及招聘廣告和 他辛苦賺來的國家養老金。最糟 糕的是社會杯葛：當子安走近的時 候，人人都能在他們的擴增實境鏡 頭的角落裡，看到發出黃光的性侵 害者標記。他被解僱後第一次出現 在公眾場合時，人群倏然散開，還 有些人走過對面街來避開他。子安 曾經對著一個看起來頗友善的年輕 男人微笑，但只換來對方吐口水。 116

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社會信號 在他人不斷的評頭品足之下，子安 也開始批判自己，而這些自我批判 嚴重地影響他、他的手勢、他的聲 音、他的體格。 他曾經被判定為「最佳樣 本」，在姿勢、肌肉、體重和表 達能力方面都得到高分。但幾個 月之後，他肩胛骨之間的肌肉變 弱了，他的頭低垂下來，他的眼 睛也失去了光芒。子安的聲音也 變小了，變得有氣無力，聽不清 楚。他不再穿時髦貼身的西裝， 反而總是穿著同一條褪色的牛仔 褲、幾件鬆垮的襯衫。

他曾經是科技理想主義者。他 曾經相信，社會雷達會帶來高度的 熱情和慷慨，即如果你能看到別人 的生活，你可能會更能感同身受。 可是國防部已經啟用了珠江三角洲 雷達系統，善良卻並非當中的考慮 因素之一。 這一切的一切之中，唯一的安 慰是他的未婚妻潔恩。他們訂婚之 後不久，子安就失業了。他別無選 擇，只能把真相告訴她，因為黃色 警號燈會在他的社會狀態上閃爍， 說明他是一名被社會排斥的人。 她的眼睛暗下去，然後陰雲密 佈。他以為他再也不能感受到他們 之間的溫暖了。他起身準備走，但

THE SEAWALL 防波堤

radar system had been commissioned by the Ministry of Defence, and kindness didn’t factor into it.

The one blessing through all of this had been his fiancée, Kim. Seb had lost his job not long after their engagement, and he had no choice but to tell her the truth, with the amber light signalling his new status as a social outcast.

Her eyes had darkened then clouded over, and he thought he might never again feel their warmth. He’d gotten up to leave but she had blocked his path. For a moment, he thought she might just walk out the door, so he held his breath. Kim seemed on the verge of wanting to ask him something, one final question that might offer him a chance, a way out, but she didn’t. All she said was: we’ll cope.

He struggled to see how her reaction was even possible. No one trusted people like that anymore. No one chose companionship over individual reputation. And who could blame them, given all the social dangers of association? Kim’s own green rating would eventually turn amber due to the amount of time they spent together. They didn’t need to be married for his stigma to become hers.

Recently, he’d even started to worry that Kim’s trust in him wouldn’t last. Even if she did trust him, would she still desire him? In fact, the more he thought about it, the stranger it seemed. Was Kim’s support and trust a sign of real love and devotion – something tangible, raw, human

她擋住了他的去路。有一瞬間，他 以為她會奪門而去，這讓他屏住呼 吸。潔恩似乎在掙扎想問他甚麼， 一個最後給他機會的問題，一個解 決方法，但她沒有。她只說：我們 能應付的。 他很努力嘗試理解，她怎麼可 能是這樣一個反應。再也沒有人 會像她那樣去信任另外一個人了。 沒有人會為了伴侶關係放棄個人名 譽。而誰又能怪他們呢？人際關係 有著那麼多的社會風險。潔恩的綠 色評分最終也會因為他們在一起的 時間增加而變黃。他們即使還沒結 婚，他的社會汙名也已分了給她。 最近，他甚至開始擔心潔恩對 他的信任也不會長久。就算她信

– or was she hiding something from him, something she was ashamed of? Seb wasn’t sure anymore.

A SPECTRE FROM THE PAST As Seb stared at the waves crashing below he felt a tap on his shoulder, then heard a voice straining to be heard above the water.

“I’d watch your food.”

Seb looked down at his tray of grubs, fattened on their own organic waste and harvested that morning.

Like most days, he’d fried up a handful of them with dried garlic and brought them along as a snack. There must have been a crack in the seal, because a large cockroach had prised it open and was having a feast.

You didn’t find storks or kingfishers in the region anymore as they’d migrated north in search of fish, but roaches were still a menace. The giant ones that swarmed around the Greater Bay Area had attracted commercial interest because their milk was four times as nutritious as dairy or nut (without the vast land and water requirements), and so businesses were soon selling wild, farmed, and lab-grown varieties. But the same roaches had also started to spread a flesh-eating, antibioticresistant bacteria known as Vikings disease.

他，她仍想要他嗎？實際上，他想 得越多，事情看起來就越奇怪。潔 恩的支持和信任代表著的到底是真 愛和奉獻（某種實實在在不加掩飾 的人性的東西），還是她在隱瞞甚 麼讓她感覺羞恥的東西？子安不再 確信了。

過去的幽靈 子安凝視著海浪沖刷，忽然他感到 肩膀被人輕拍了一下，然後他聽 到一把努力超過海浪聲的聲音說： 「我是你的話，就會把食物看緊一 點。」 子安低頭看著他那一小碟幼 蟲，牠們靠吃人們的有機廢料而長

胖，今早才被採集。一如平日，他 用乾蒜炒了一把，作為零食帶在 身邊。封蓋也許裂了，因為一隻碩 大的蟑螂撬開了蓋子，正在享用 大餐。 在這一區，你再也找不到鸛鳥 或翠鳥了，因為它們已經向北遷 徙，以尋找魚類。可是蟑螂仍然是 一大威脅。那些在大灣區成群移動 的巨型蟑螂成為了商機，因為牠們 的奶比牛奶或果仁的營養價值要高 四倍（而且不需要耗費大面積的土 地和大量的水）。出售野生、農場 養殖和實驗室養殖品種的商家很快 出現，但這種蟑螂也開始傳播一種 侵蝕肉體、不怕抗生素的惡菌，名 叫維京。 ARIANA 2019

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Careful not to startle the roach, Seb got up to leave, turning his back on the stranger. Poised to make a dash to avoid the roach, he realised that he’d been rude. “And you?” he asked, turning around, though not enough to face whoever it was.

“Aren’t you afraid to catch it?”

“Caught it already.”

Seb twisted round to see an old man offering up a white forearm bone, exposed by dried, stretched flesh. He also noticed that the man had no radar, which was odd. But he was looking at Seb openly, one human being to another. Daring now to look fully into his face, Seb suddenly recognised the stranger as Mr Crewe, a former teacher of his, one he’d admired but who had fallen from grace during the #MeToo purge of the 2010s.

Seb had often wondered if Mr Crewe was guilty, but hadn’t followed the trial or bothered to find out the verdict. It was clear he’d been living on the streets and outside the system. It was the only way to escape the radars – a trade-off, as he saw it, between safety and humanity. Social outcasts, whether voluntary or expelled, had been the first victims of Vikings disease.

“Sebastian?”

“Yes, it’s me,” Seb replied, his voice softening as his confidence returned with the memory of a teacher who’d believed in him. “It’s a pleasure to see you again, Mr Crewe.”

“Call me Angus, please,” the man said.

“Angus,” Seb repeated, shyly.

“I’m sure you’re wondering…” Seb suddenly felt Angus’s grip on his arm, insistent. “It all happened many years ago, before everything had eyes and ears, and before those eyes and ears could read our thoughts. There were hidden spots in schools, you know, and ways of sharing messages that could be deleted.

People lived private lives. Can you even imagine? And you know, we weren’t all perfect, we hadn’t optimised our behaviours. I’m sorry I wasn’t perfect. I found myself in a position of power and I took advantage.”

Seb was unsure what to make of the man’s candour.

“The problem is that no one wants to hear my side of things.

But I’ve come through it. I can see what I did, and I know why I did it. Perhaps there could have been ways to help me, beyond surveillance, I mean. There must be people who could help men like me...” Angus trailed off and stared out at the city beyond.

“Perhaps I can help others,” he added.

“Is there no place in this world for a full confession?” Seb asked, almost unconsciously.

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THE SEAWALL 防波堤

子安小心翼翼地站起來，盡量不去驚動那隻蟑 螂。他背向那陌生人，準備鎮定地快步跑離那蟑 螂時，他意識到自己無禮了。「你呢？你不怕染 病嗎？」他問道，同時轉身，雖然還不足以直面 那人。 「已經染過了。」 那個老人向子安伸來一根發白的前臂骨，骨頭裸 露在乾燥撕裂的肌肉外面。他還留意到這名老人沒有 雷達，這很不尋常。不過他毫無遮掩地看著子安，以 一個人類看著另一個人類的姿態。子安這才敢於仔細 看那老人的臉容，然後忽然認出，這是顧先生，他以 前 的 老 師 ， 他 曾 經 很 敬 重 的 一 位 老 師 ， 但 在 2010 年 代的# MeToo 掃蕩中身敗名裂。 子安常常懷疑，顧先生是否真的有罪，但他沒有 一直關注審訊，也沒有費心去找判詞。很明顯，顧先 生自那時開始一直流落街頭，也沒有進入社會系統。 這是唯一一個逃離雷達的方法，在子安看來，那是一 種安全與人道的取捨。被社會流放的人，無論是自願 還是被驅逐的，都成為了維京病的第一批受害者。 「薜子安？」 「是的，是我。」子安答道。他的聲音變得柔和 起來，因為他的自信回來了，而伴隨著的，是有關一 個老師曾經信任他的回憶。「真高興再見到你，顧先 生。」 「請叫我 Angus 。」老人說。 「 Angus 。」子安不好意思地重複道。 「 你 肯 定 在 疑 惑 … … 」 子 安 忽 然 感 到 Angus迫 切地抓住了他的手臂。「這都是很多年前的事了， 那時候一切都還沒有被安裝耳目，那些耳目也還不 能閱讀我們的思想。那時學校裡有些隱秘的地點， 你知道的，還有方法可以分享會被刪除的信息。人 們有私生活。你能想像嗎？而且你知道，我們並非 完美，我們還沒有優化我們的行為。我很抱歉我不 完美。我發現自己在一個有權力的位置，而我利用 了它。」 子安不知道該如何面對這個男人的坦白。 「問題是，沒人想聽我的故事。但我已經熬過來 了。我能夠明白我做過的是甚麼一回事，我也知道 我為甚麼做了這種事。也許本來是有辦法可以幫到我 的，我是說，在監控以外，肯定有人能理解像我這樣 的人……」 Angus 的聲音漸漸變弱，凝視著遠方的城 市。「也許我可以幫助到其他人。」他還說。 「這個世界上沒有一個可以容納完全坦白的地方 嗎？」子安問，幾乎是無意識地。 Angus 微笑，凝望著子安那猶如永恆的目光。  ARIANA 2019

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LOCAL VOICES 本地之聲

WORK IN PROGRESS 未竟之路 We ask lawmakers, lawyers, victims, students and social organisations to share their thoughts on sexual harassment in Hong Kong and Macao. 我們訪問了議員、律師、受害者和社會組織，聽聽他們對港澳性騷擾問題的看法。

Words 文 Cathy Lai, Chermaine Lee and Rafelle Allego Photography 攝影 Karma Lo and Cheong Kam Ka

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A victim of sexual violence in Hong Kong 香港一名性侵受害人

Hong Kong 香港 CULTURE OF ACCEPTANCE Carly Pun*, a victim of sexual assault, experienced first-hand how culture can normalise harassment: “On a trip to Kyoto, I was entering my rental apartment one evening when a young man pushed me against the door, squeezed my breasts and ran away. I felt angry, hopeless and vulnerable, like there was nothing I could do.

“I was told that sexual assault or harassment is common in Japan and not to be too upset about it. I think that mentality is wrong, because that discourages victims from reporting their cases. But what could I do? I just let it go.

“When I returned to Hong Kong, my friends didn’t react much to this incident. They just casually commented that there are many creepy guys in Japan and tried to show some sympathy, before changing the subject.

“I don’t think they realise how traumatising it was. We all assume that when things like this happen in another country, you shouldn’t make a big fuss about it. They think it is a ‘funny story’ instead of something that we should take seriously.”

A STRESSFUL SYSTEM Ramon Yuen, a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council, says we need better legislation and a more sensitive process: “A serious issue is the legal process that victims have to go through. It’s very long and can be embarrassing or traumatising. Many victims withdraw charges because they can’t bear the social stress.

“A lot of private enterprises and NGOs still don’t have a complete system to handle sensitive cases. We need to fix that as a society, so more victims are encouraged to come forward.

“I’d also like to see the government take a more proactive role in providing services, such as hotlines so victims can seek support from psychologists and social workers. In LegCo, we also need to have more discussions and advance legislation.”

逆來順受

高壓制度

性侵受害人潘嘉莉 *親身體驗到，文化如何將騷擾「正 常化」：

深水埗區議會議員袁海文說，我們需要更完善的法例和更細緻 的處理流程：

「在京都旅行的時候，有一晚，我正準備踏入我租的 公寓，一個年輕男人忽然將我推到門上，抓了我的胸部， 然後跑掉了。我感到憤怒、無助和脆弱，我甚麼都做 不了。」 「我被告知，性侵害或性騷擾在日本是很常見的，所以 毋須太生氣。我認為這種想法是錯的，因為這會讓受害人 不敢報案。但我能做甚麼呢？我只能讓這件事過去。」 「我回到香港之後，我的朋友對這件事也沒有太大反 應。他們只是隨意地評論說，日本有很多令人毛骨悚然的 男人，然後在轉換話題之前試圖對我表現出同情。」 「我不認為他們明白這件事對我造成多大的精神傷害。 我們都假定，當這樣的事情在外國發生，你就不應該大吵 大鬧。他們覺得這是『趣聞』，而不是一件必須嚴肅處理 的事。」

「受害人需要經歷的法律過程，是一個需要認真對待的問 題。這個過程非常長，而且可能令人難堪甚至受到精神 創傷。很多受害人撤回起訴，都是因為他們無法承受社會 壓力。」 「許多私人機構和 NGO都沒有完善的系統來處理敏感的 個案。我們整個社會要改善這一點，才可以讓更多受害人有 勇氣走出來。」 「我希望政府可以更積極主動地提供服務，比如求助熱 線，這樣受害人就可以尋求心理醫生和社工的支援。在立法 會，我們也需要更多的討論，以及完善立法。」

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THE BIG PICTURE A lawyer at Daly & Associates, Karen McClellan says employers are increasingly adopting sexual harassment policies but that’s only half the battle: “Awareness about sexual harassment has improved. More victims are willing to come forward, and we’ve seen more employers in Hong Kong adopting anti-harassment policies and procedures.

“That’s a good thing but may not get to the root of the problem if there has been a long-standing culture of sexism or discrimination in the workplace. Employers should support women’s advancement in the workplace while simultaneously addressing inequalities, discrimination and harassment.”

整體大局 帝理律師行的律師 Karen McClellan說，愈來愈多僱主在公司 建立處理性騷擾的政策，但這只是反騷擾之戰的半場： 「對性騷擾問題的意識已經有所提升。更多受害人願意走 出來，我們也看到香港有更多僱主採用了反性騷擾的政策 和常規。」 「這是好事，但可能未觸及問題的根本，那就是工作環 境中長期存在的性別主義或歧視文化。僱主應該支持女性在 職場的發展，同時處理不平等、歧視和騷擾的問題。」

OPEN TO INTERPRETATION Professor King Lau Chow, Gender Equity Officer at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, says ambiguous definitions lead to subjectivity: “There’s no hard definition of sexual harassment – no clearly defined words or gestures. At the end of the day, deciding whether an incident can be pursued depends on witnesses and our own judgement.

“He-said, she-said situations are very common. In fact, a majority of cases at the university turn out to be misunderstandings. The cases that we determine to be sexual harassment – roughly two or three out of 10 cases – see perpetrators suspended from school or prohibited from joining certain classes, in order to separate them from the victim.”

眾說紛紜 香港科技大學教授、性別平等主任周敬流說，模糊的定義 製造了憑主觀解讀的空間： 「性騷擾並無嚴格的定義。沒有甚麼言語或者動作是被清 晰定義為性騷擾的。最終，決定一宗個案能否追究下去， 要看目擊證人和我們自己的判斷。」 「各執一詞的情況非常普遍。實際上，大學裡面發生的 個案，大部分最終只是誤會。我們認定是性騷擾的個案， 大概每 10宗裡面有兩三宗吧。這些案件中的騷擾者都要暫 時離開校園，或者不能上某些課，以確保他們無法接觸受 害人。」 122

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WORK IN PROGRESS 未竟之路

YOUNG VOICE 青年之聲 Iris Lee, a 17-year-old student in Hong Kong, believes that her peers don’t take sexual harassment seriously enough: “In general, a lot of students kid around about sexual harassment. If one student touches another in a joking fashion, they will say something like: ‘Oh, you are raping me! Consent!’ Then everyone laughs. They are devaluing a very real issue by making a joke out of it.

“I wish our school would place a greater emphasis on the issue of consent. Currently, they devote just one hour throughout our entire high school curriculum to this issue – it was over lunch during sophomore year. In that hour, the instructors informed us about the nuances of what constitutes consent and what doesn’t. However, education isn’t effective unless the students recognise the gravity of what is being taught.

“In my family, we never discuss the topic of sex directly – I just know implicitly that my mum worries about sexual harassment, because she always tells me to be careful. She only lets me go hiking with a big group; expresses concern if I go to sleepovers and my friend has an older brother; and prefers that I don’t take taxis alone. If anything ever happens, she told me to scream as loud as I can.”

17歲香港學生李睿珍認為同輩不夠重視性騷擾問題： 「很多學生常常會拿性騷擾開玩笑。如果一位同學鬧著玩地摸了另一 位同學，他們就會說，『噢，你要強姦我！同意！』然後大家哄堂大 笑。但是這樣的玩笑掩蓋了問題的嚴肅性。」 「我希望學校能夠更重視對『性同意』的教育。目前，在整個中 學過程中，學校只是在我們二年級某天的午餐時段中用一小時來講授 這個問題。在這一小時中，導師告訴我們構成同意與不同意的一些細 微差別。不過，除非讓學生真正意識到問題的嚴重性，否則這樣的教 育無甚效用。」 「在我家裡，家人 從不直接討論性，我只 是隱約知道媽媽擔心我 被性騷擾，因為她總是 告訴我要小心。她只同 意讓我和一大群人去爬 山；如果我去朋友家過 夜，而朋友有個哥哥的 話，她會表示擔憂；她 也不願意讓我單獨一人 坐的士。她告訴我，如 果真的發生甚麼事，要 盡可能大聲地呼救。」

Macao 澳門 WAITING ON JUSTICE Kate Tang, who says she was molested multiple times by her piano teacher in 2011, brought the #MeToo movement to Macao in 2018 when she shared her experience on Facebook. The 20-year-old explains why she waited to go public: “When I was younger, I didn’t know how to handle the situation and my parents didn’t want to report the crime. They just told me to avoid him.

I knew that other students had similar experiences, but none of our parents had been willing to report it.

“In 2018, I read in the newspaper that the same piano teacher was arrested for sexual abuse of children, so that’s when I decided to share my experience on Facebook. Soon after, I reached out to the judiciary police who took my statement.

“However, I think I can only serve as a witness and provide character evidence because my case happened too long ago. So far, the response has been generally positive. But, of course, some people still question why I came forward after so many years.”

等待正義 Kate Tang說 2011年期間，她的鋼琴老師多次猥褻她。 她在2018年在臉書上公開這段經歷，並將 #MeToo運動 帶到澳門。這名 20 歲的女孩向我們解釋她為何在當時 沒有立即公開受害經歷： 「在我年輕時，我不知道應如何處理這種情況，而父 母亦不打算報警，只叫我迴避他。我知道其他同學也 有類似的遭遇，可是沒有一個家長願意舉報。」 「直到 2018年，我從報紙上得知這個鋼琴教師因性 侵犯兒童被捕了，於是，我決定在臉書公開自己的經 歷。不久後，我向司警報了案，並落了口供。」 「然而，我想我只可以成為案件的證人，去提供品 格證明，因為我的案件發生在太久之前了。目前坊間 的反應普遍正面，但總有人會質疑，我過了這樣多年 才說出來，都不知道是為了甚麼。」

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ON SPEAKING UP Ada Wong*, who was allegedly molested by a family friend for years as a teenager, says a lack of awareness in Macao discourages victims from coming forward: “I was unable to fully comprehend what was happening to me when I was young. When I grew older, I started talking about it with friends. Even though most people in Macao are well educated, they still don’t understand sexual harassment or assault, and very few realise it can happen between friends and relatives. Some of them might even ask questions that unintentionally hurt my feelings, for instance: Why didn’t you run away?

“The low level of awareness, combined with Macao being such a close-knit society, makes it very difficult for victims to come forward. Still today, I cannot gather the courage to report the assaults. I don’t want to go through the complicated legal procedures. More importantly, I am worried about how my relatives would react as well as how my actions could destroy the man’s family. I am not sure I can bear the consequences.”

關於發聲 黃嘉韻 *稱，她在少年時代曾被一名家庭好友猥褻多年。她 說，澳門對性騷擾缺乏認知，讓受害人不敢走出來： 「我在年輕時未能充分理解自己的遭遇。到我長大後， 我才開始跟身邊的朋友談起這段經歷。儘管澳門大部分 人都接受過高等教育，但他們對性騷擾和性侵犯都不是 很了解，極少人明白這是可能在親朋好友間發生的。有 些人更會無意地問一些令我受傷的問題，例如，你為甚 麼不逃跑？」 「澳門人意識不足，加上澳門是一個關係緊密的社會， 這令受害者更難站出來。到了今時今日，我仍然無法鼓起 勇氣舉報侵犯我的人，除了因為不想經歷繁複的法律程 序，更重要的是，我會擔心一旦把事情公開，自己的親友 會怎樣反應，而我的行動又會否破壞到那個男人的家庭？ 我不肯定我是否能夠承擔這個後果。」 124

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INVISIBLE TRAUMA Icy Kam is a member of the Concern Group of Sex Crimes, a social group that pushes for reforms in Macao. She shares her observations on the gaming industry: “The growing gaming industry has given rise to prostitution, gambling, drug abuse and, in some cases, a twisted sense of morality. We have been told by many gaming employees that verbal sexual harassment by guests or colleagues is very common. But they all believe that, since they work in a casino, this behaviour is to be expected.

“And because the casino industry is so dominant in Macao, this gradually fosters a perception in society that making dirty jokes or even being touched inappropriately is not a big deal because it doesn’t cause physical injury. Such a perception neglects the mental trauma caused by sexual harassment. Although a victim’s trauma is invisible on the surface, the psychological impact can be long-lasting.”

無形之傷 甘雪玲是性犯罪關注組的成員。這個關注組正試圖推動澳 門在防止性罪行方面的改革。她與我們分享對博彩行業的 觀察： 「澳門賭場娛樂事業發展蓬勃，令黃賭毒事業興起，甚至 在某些情況下，令扭曲的價值觀大行其道。不少博企員工 向我們反映，客人或同事對他們的語言性騷擾都是非常普 遍的，但他們都會認為，做得這一行，這種行為都是可以 預期的。」 「由於博彩業在澳門佔有主導地位，久而久之，社會便 生出一種觀念，認為說黃色笑話，甚至被人亂摸都是很小的 事，因為這些行為又不會令你受皮肉之傷。這種觀念忽略了 性騷擾帶來的精神傷害，而這種傷害可能在表面上無法看得 出來，但對受害人心靈上的影響可以是很深遠的。」

WORK IN PROGRESS 未竟之路

#METOO IN MACAO A Facebook group run by anonymous commentators, Abbot Macau explains why Macao hasn’t seen a more widespread #MeToo movement: “The #MeToo movement has become distorted – now it’s become a means to destroy someone on a social level or used by feminist organisations to create hype for their agenda. It is creating a false notion that men only see women as sexual objects.

“In the context of Macao, specifically, #MeToo has not seen momentum for a few reasons: First, women here have higher social status because of good career opportunities in the service industry. In addition, Macao people are often passive when it comes to standing up for their rights – they worry about the impact on their lives.

“On the other hand, many social leaders and lawmakers who claim to represent these victims don’t actually push for social justice issues in general, let alone the problem of sexual assault, because they are controlled by the government.”

澳門 #METOO 「澳門方丈聯盟」是一個由匿名評論員經營的臉書群組， 其管理者解釋了為何澳門還未發生更大規模的#MeToo運動： 「 #MeToo運動已經變了樣，變成一些人藉此對人作出社會 式抹殺的手段，也被女性主義者組織拿來當人血饅頭食。 它帶出的錯誤訊息是，男生對女生只有性幻想，甚至只想 跟你們上床。」 「 在 澳 門 ， #MeToo 運 動 發 酵 不 起 來 的 原 因 有 幾 個 ： 第一，澳門女性的社會地位其實並不 低，因為她們在服務業往往有好的發 展機會。此外，澳門人一般都很被動， 遇到需要主動爭取權益的事情時，都會 因為害怕影響日常生活而退避三舍； 而那些聲稱代表這些受害者的社會領 袖及議員，大都被政府牽著鼻子走， 為公義發聲也甚為避忌，更不要說是 性侵。」

YOUNG VOICE 青年之聲 Sixteen-year-old student Alexis Tagliabue believes that Macao should hold educational campaigns to shed light on sexual harassment: “I heard about the #MeToo Movement from close friends and schoolmates, but in general, most of my peers aren’t too knowledgeable about sexual harassment. I’d like to see more education through campaigns and advertisements – TV commercials, public buses, taxis... It would help to feature actors and notable celebrities so the message will reach more people.

“I’d also like to see multilingual commercials – in English, Portuguese, and Chinese – that empower victims.

Sometimes victims are too scared to stand up and ask for help, so I hope with more support, they will feel more empowered to come forward.”

16歲學生 Alexis Tagliabue 認為，澳門應該舉辦教育活動， 以提高人們對性騷擾的認知： 「我從好友和同學那裡聽說了 #MeToo運動，但總體來說， 大多數同輩對性騷擾仍然所知甚少。我希望能透過活動和廣 告進行更多教育，例如電視廣告、巴士和的士廣告……邀請 演員和名人做廣告主角有助於把資訊傳遞給更多人。」 「我還希望看到多種語言的廣告，如英文、葡文和中文 等，這樣能給予受害者更大的力量。有時候受害者不敢站 出來求助，所以我希望他們在得到更多支持後會更有勇氣 走出來。」

*Names have been changed at the request of the victims. *已按受訪者要求更改名字。

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THROUGH THE LENS 眾鏡透視

島囚 (組詩)

PRISONERS OF AN ISLAND

Words 文 Ng Mei Kwan | Translation 翻譯 Tammy Lai-Ming Ho | Photography 攝影 Christopher Button Original poetry written in Chinese 詩歌原文以中文寫成 Through the Lens champions creativity and collaboration. In this recurring series, we invite a poet and a photographer to capture Hong Kong from new perspectives. 眾鏡透視旨在促進創意與合作。在這個定期的專欄裡， 我們會邀請一名詩人及一名攝影師以全新的角度捕捉香港。

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推倒 媽媽說帶我上街 穿流汗的外衣，縛刺激的鞋帶，帶好奇的背包 媽媽說帶我上街 午膳的陽光穿透天橋時 我入睡了，蛻化成卡其色的夢熊如蛹 變成沿著污染的汨流上游 暗黑而焦慮的鵝卵石坐在我的左心房浮動 電費、水費、信用卡帳單未清 預留最大筆的交租 時勢信不過買餸不買豬肉 洶湧的急流我的右膊如風如沉默的雨 我最冷靜最抽離最不受控的小身軀 回家時剛剛甦醒 媽媽沒有帶我上街 媽媽說回家了

PUSHED OVER Mother says she’ll take me to the streets We’ll wear clothes that wick sweat, tighten our laces, carry bright backpacks Mother says she’ll take me to the streets Lunchtime sunrays pierce through bridges I fall asleep transformed into a slumbering khaki-coloured bear as though in a cocoon turned into a cobblestone that gets carried upstream in a polluted, gurgling river which now flows through my heart Bills of electricity, of water, of credit cards – unpaid Saving the most for rent Now we don’t trust food vendors, we don’t buy pork In these turbulent currents my right shoulder is like the wind, like the silent rain My calmest, most detached, most uncontrollable little body Is only awake when at home Mother has not taken me to the streets Mother says we’re right here at home ARIANA 2019

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禁錮 城市為你預備了一張板牀 高增值，多邊型，無限立方米，鑲閃燈 空氣是被單，沒有為枕 行走的時候你在空虛 工作的時候你在做夢 休息的時候你在逃亡 城市為你預備了一副棺木 因你總不能逾越鐵絲網 鐵絲網是鐵屋子的牆 你在屋外 被釘住了 釘死了自由

IMPRISONMENT The city has prepared a simple bed for you Multiple sides, limitless square metres, flashing lights Air serves as your bedding, no pillows When you walk, you are in a void When you work, you are dreaming When you rest, you are fleeing The city has prepared a coffin for you Because you can never cross the barbed wires The fences form the walls of a steel house You are stuck outside Nailed Freedom is nailed

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無有之有 她攀過荒野高山吃過子彈 她饑餓在田野挖過樹根 她在槍炮中屈身俯死過 她在汪洋中曾浮游一種叫走難的希望 她漸漸長出白髮從板間房到劏房 她發現暫時坐在邊緣的安穩 一部不屬於她的手推車用金色的垃圾裝潢 擦亮了華麗大廈的玻璃牆 她最後擁有一朵久違了的紅花 停駐在布滿青筋的手 如旱涸的河床燒盡的乾柴 央她切莫慢慢衰微

SOMETHING IN NOTHING She has climbed the wild mountains, eaten bullets She has dug up roots in the field when famished She has almost died in gun fights She has drifted in the sea of exiled hope From partitioned apartments to subdivided flats, her hair grows white She has discovered the stability of being on edge A pushcart that isn’t hers, decorated with gold-tinged garbage The glass walls of glamourous buildings, wiped ‘till they shine In the end, she owns a precious red flower Which she holds in the palm of a vein-lined hand Like a dry piece of wood in a drained riverbed Begging her not to slowly, slowly, decay

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未知的重複 春天溜出去時 我們老早分配了幽禁的位置 夏日蹲著躲藏的疹 所有休班時間給頹出一個偏頭痛 智者所忽略的圖騰 假如秋日如葉 用落空證明日以繼夜爭分奪秒的力量 施食眾生 長年累月的油漬與油漆與黑煙與不知名 重重複複的污垢 保證生存 即使冬日暖和 我們也不必彼此交談 也不必相識

UNFAMILIAR PATTERNS When Spring disappears We have already assigned slots of confinement Summer starts nursing its hidden rash All the time off breeds aching shoulders and bald heads The totem ignored by the wise Is like Autumnal leaves Which seize time as they fall The whole wide world eats Oil stains and black smoke accumulated for years Layers upon layers of filth Guaranteeing life Even on a warm day in Winter We don’t have to talk to each other We don’t need to know the other

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Where to Find Us 哪裡可以找到我們 Ariana is available at more than 500 locations across Hong Kong, including hotels, cafes, restaurants, NGOs, schools, and more. Here are some of our distribution points. 您可以在全港 500 多個地點找到 Ariana雜誌， 包括酒店、餐廳、咖啡店、NGO、學校等。 以下是我們的分發點。

Ladies' Recreation Club

Le Garçon Saigon

Mr & Mrs Fox

Le Velo

TED’s Lookout

Nutsy Coffee Bar

Life Clinic

The Butchers Club Burger

The Butchers Club Burger

LGB

The Coffee Academics

The Coffee Academics

Mandarin Oriental

The Dynasty Club

Mr Wolf

The Hive

Mother’s Choice

The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts

Oolaa Ovolo Central PhysioCentral Starbucks Kennedy Town 堅尼地城

The Women’s Foundation

Dorsett Regency Hotel

Why50

The Harbour School The Hive

Central 中環

Winstons Coffee

Arcane

Hong Kong University

Balance Health

香港大學

Beefbar

Artisan Room/COBO House

Bistecca

BlackSalt Tavern

Bookazine

Café Malacca Ethos Hotel Jen Médecins Sans Frontières The University of Hong Kong Sai Ying Pun 西營盤 Feather & Bone Locofama Polygon Cafe Potato Head theDesk The Winery Winstons Coffee Sheung Wan 上環

LANDMARK PRINCE'S Lyndhurst Terrace One Exchange Square Canossa Hospital (Caritas)

The American Club The Foreign Correspondents’ Club The Hive The Hong Kong Bankers Club Urban Bakery Works Wagyu Admiralty 金鐘

Central Health Medical Practice

BRICK LANE

Central Smile

Cova

Chariot Club

JW Marriott

CIAK – In The Kitchen

Plat du Jour

City Hall Public Library

Starbucks

Concept Creations

Cafe Sai

Pacific Place

Happy Valley 跑馬地 Cucus Feather & Bone French International School Happy Alley Coffee Bar Hong Kong Adventist Hospital

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ARIANA 2019

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ARIANA 2019

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A doctor and Irish nun, Sister Mary Aquinas joined the battle against tuberculosis in Hong Kong. 來自愛爾蘭的醫生兼修女歐桂蘭對香港抗擊肺結核貢獻良多。

Words 文 Mark O’Neill | Illustrations 插畫 Lauren Crow

Like many places around the world, Hong Kong was deeply affected by tuberculosis (TB). The first case of TB in the city was recorded in 1849, according to figures from the Hong Kong Department of Health, and the highly infectious disease of the lungs became increasingly common throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s.

After World War II ended in 1945, TB was considered the leading cause of death in Hong Kong due to social instability, poor nutrition and overcrowding. At its most dangerous point, the epidemic claimed a record 4,190 lives in 1951.

At the time, many people were working to contain the devastating disease. Among them was Sister Mary Aquinas, a determined and selfless Irish nun and doctor who dedicated her life to fighting TB.

ENDING THE EPIDEMIC Born on 30 August 1919 as Kathleen Gertrude Monaghan, Sister Aquinas was from the town of Ballinasloe, in central Ireland. When she was 20 years old, Sister Aquinas joined the Missionary Sisters of St Columban (an Irish organisation dedicated to serving those in need in underdeveloped nations) in 1939 and became a nun that same year.

After joining the St Columban order, Sister Aquinas studied medicine at University College Dublin where she graduated in 1947. In what was a big step for gender equality at the time, Sister Aquinas was one of the first four nuns in Ireland to qualify as a physician, following the removal in 1936 of a Papal prohibition on nuns becoming medical doctors and midwives.

像世界上許多地方那樣，香港曾經歷肺結核肆 虐。香港衛生署的數據顯示，香港首宗有紀錄的肺結 核病發生在 1849 年。 18 世紀末至 19 世紀初，這種具有 高傳染性的肺部疾病在香港越來越常見，而在第二次 世界大戰於 1945 年結束之後，由於社會不穩定、市民 營養不足、居住環境逼仄，肺結核成為了香港主要致 死疾病之一，到 1951 年更錄得 4,190 宗死亡個案的歷史 高峰。 當時，香港有許多人都致力控制這種惡疾傳播， 其中包括歐桂蘭修女。這位來自愛爾蘭的修女同時也 是一名醫生，她將一生都奉獻給肺結核抗戰。

終結疫症 1919 年 8 月 30 日 ， 歐 桂 蘭 修 女 在 愛 爾 蘭 中 部 的 小 鎮 巴 利 納 斯 洛 出 生 ， 俗 名 為 Kathleen Gertrude Monaghan 。 1939 年， 20 歲的她加入了聖高隆龐傳教 女修會，這個愛爾蘭團體致力服務那些生活在不發達 地區並缺乏支援的人；同年，她成為了一名修女。 加入聖高隆龐之後，歐桂蘭修女在都柏林大學學 院修讀醫科，並於 1947 年畢業，成為愛爾蘭首四名獲 得醫生資格的修女之一。這是教廷在 1936 年取消不准 修女成為醫生或助產士的教皇禁令之後，標誌性別平 等進步的重要一步。 旅居香港的愛爾蘭高隆龐神父胡若瑟說，歐桂蘭 修女在都柏林擔任兩年駐院醫生之後，於 1949 年被派 駐到香港。當時 30 歲的她獲委任為灣仔律敦治療養院 （現為律敦治醫院）的院長，這家在當年新開的療養 院是香港其中一間專門治療肺結核的病院。療養院得 命自巴斯族商人，他為了紀念在 1943 年因肺結核去世 的女兒 Tehmi 而捐建了這所療養院。 ARIANA 2019

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Sister Aquinas completed two medical residencies in Dublin before being reassigned to Hong Kong in 1949 with four other Columban sisters, according to Father Joseph Houston, an Irish Columban father who lives in Hong Kong. Then 30 years old, Sister Aquinas was appointed as the medical superintendent of Ruttonjee Sanatorium (now known as Ruttonjee Hospital) in Wan Chai, which opened that same year as one of the city’s only dedicated institutions for treating TB. It owes its name to a Parsi businessman, Jehangir Hormusjee Ruttonjee, who supported the construction of the hospital in memory of his daughter Tehmi, who died of the disease in 1943.

At Ruttonjee, Sister Aquinas headed a group of young Columban Sisters with a mission to combat TB. “Under [Sister Aquinas’s] leadership as medical superintendent [of Ruttonjee Sanatorium], this dedicated group of sisters and lay staff became deeply involved in Hong Kong’s greatest public health problem at that time, tuberculosis, achieving great success in their battle to eradicate this dread disease,” wrote the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong in its obituary of Sister Aquinas, which appeared in its weekly newspaper the Sunday Examiner in December 1985. “With her natural charm, her pleasant, understanding nature, and her ease of approach, she won the confidence and the full support of the group.”

The early days for the sisters were difficult. The hospital had limited funds and equipment, and many of the patients were so ill that they could barely walk. But even in the most challenging times, Sister Aquinas was known to buoy the room with her positivity. “Her administrative and clinical skills, boundless energy and a sense of humour are legend,”

wrote her former colleague Dr Michael Humphries in his 2014 book Ruttonjee Sanatorium: Life and Times.

Just two years after Sister Aquinas started working in Hong Kong, new options to treat TB became available.

In 1951, researchers in the United States discovered streptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It was often combined with other drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and para-aminosalicylic acid to effectively combat the disease.

However, the treatment regime was physically strenuous and time-consuming, requiring patients to have a daily injection as well as oral drugs for 18–24 months. If patients did not complete the regime, they would often not be cured, remain contagious and develop resistance to drugs.

When Sister Aquinas joined the effort, only a quarter of patients actually finished the full treatment course. “The patients, many of whom were poor and recently arrived from China in the 1950s and 1960s, were Sister Mary’s main concern,” recalls Sister Nora O’Driscoll, who worked alongside Sister Aquinas. “She once said, ‘Don’t give me flowers – give me money so I can help the poor,’” recalls Sister O’Driscoll. “She usually slept in a bed in her office at night so she could be available to staff and patients, especially when there would be emergencies.”

To improve the situation, Ruttonjee Sanatorium established a Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) programme at her behest, long before it became the global norm, according to her obituary. The medical strategy, which is endorsed by the World Health Organization, strives to improve adherence by requiring health workers,

在律敦治療養院，歐桂蘭修女帶領一隊年輕的高 隆龐修女一同對抗肺結核。「在（歐桂蘭）院長領 導下（的律敦治療養院），一群全心奉獻的修女以及 員工深入參與了當時香港最大型的公共衛生之戰，在 消滅可怕的肺結核病上取得了巨大的成就。」天主教 香港教區在歐桂蘭修女的訃聞中如是寫到，這篇訃聞 在 1985 年 12 月刊登於它的週報 Sunday Examiner 上。 「她天生的魅力、親和力、體貼和平易近人的待人接 物方式，讓她贏得了團隊的信任和全力支持。」 剛開始時，修女們的日子很艱難。療養院資金和 設備都很有限，而許多病人病情嚴重到幾乎無法行 走。但即使面對重重挑戰，歐桂蘭修女也能以正能量 提升士氣。「她擁有非凡的行政與臨床技術，無限的

活力與幽默感。」她的前幕僚 Michael Humphries 博 士在他 2014 年出版的《律敦治療養院：生命與時代》 （暫譯）一書中如是寫到。 歐桂蘭修女在香港工作兩年後，肺結核的新療法 面世。 1951 年，美國的研究人員發現了鏈黴素，這種 抗生素可用於治療細菌感染。鏈黴素常與其他藥物一 起使用，比如異煙 肼 、利福平和對氨基水楊酸，可有 效治療肺結核。 不過，這種治療方法對身體損耗很大，也很費 時，病人必須每日打針吃藥長達 18 到 24 個月。如果沒 有完成整個療程，病人可能無法痊愈，並依然能傳染 他人，甚至產生抗藥反應。 歐桂蘭修女加入對抗肺結核的時候，只有四分

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HEALING HONG KONG 療愈香港

of TB-related deaths in the city fell to 1,907 – dipping below 2,000 for the first time in 13 years. By 1974, that number fell to 974 and continued to plummet through the late 1900s.

LIFE OF SERVICE

Front page Hong Kong Daily Press story on 24 January 1940 1940年1月24日 Hong Kong Daily Press頭版報導

community volunteers or family members to observe and record patients taking each dose.

As part of the programme, Sister Aquinas and her team were responsible not only for diagnosing the disease but also for ensuring that her patients followed the complete treatment for the best chance of recovery and containment. The plan worked: In 1961, the number

之 一 的 病 人 確 實 完 成 整 個 療 程 。 曾 與 她 共 事 的 Nora O’Driscoll 修女回憶說：「當時很多患者都是在 50 至 60 年代由中國來到香港的窮人，他們是歐桂蘭修女最 關注的一群人。她曾說過：『別給我鮮花，給我錢， 這樣我才能幫助窮人』。她通常會睡在辦公室的床 上，這樣她就可以隨時協助員工和病人，特別是遇到 緊急情況的時候。」 為了改善這種狀況，療養院在她的指示下建立了 直接監督療法計劃，要求保健員、社區志願者或家人 監督和記錄病人吃藥的情況。這種治療方法受到世界 衛生組織認可，並在多年後成為全球標準。 在計劃中，歐桂蘭修女和她的團隊不僅負責診斷 病情，還要確保她們的病人完成整個療程，以盡可能

In charge of Ruttonjee Sanatorium for a total of 36 years, Sister Aquinas devoted much of her life to fighting the illness, both in Hong Kong and abroad. According to the Catholic Diocese, she contributed to dozens of scientific papers, studies and trials which advanced management of the disease worldwide, specialising in the areas of the drug resistance of tubercle bacilli, the treatment of patients with recurrent tuberculosis, and the side effects of antitubercular drug. As such, Sister Aquinas built up a global reputation as an authority on tuberculosis and related medical problems.

She garnered many awards for her work in Hong Kong, including the Sir Robert Philip Gold Medal from the British Chest and Heart Association in 1964.

In the association’s publication, Health, they wrote of the occasion: “If there is anyone who still thinks of missionary sisters as remote from the world and its problems, a brief acquaintance with Dr Aquinas would soon dispel the illusion.”

In the decades that followed, she was invited to many countries to give lectures, mainly in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. In the early 1980s, for instance, Sister Aquinas devoted a good deal of her time

治癒病人和控制疫情。這個計劃的確奏效： 1961 年， 香港與肺結核有關的死亡個案跌到 1 , 907 宗，是 13 年 來首次跌到 2 , 000 宗以下。 1974 年，數字進一步跌到 974 宗，並在 20 世紀末不斷急遽下降。

奉獻一生 歷任律敦治療養院院長長達 36年，歐桂蘭修女把 人生大部分時間用於在香港和世界其他地方對抗肺結 核。據天主教香港教區紀錄，歐桂蘭修女參與了多項 科學研究和試驗，其研究領域包括結核桿菌的抗藥特 性、結核病復發患者的治療，以及抗癆藥物的副作 用。對全球控制肺結核病傳播作出了重大貢獻。她多 ARIANA 2019

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to lecturing in Africa and joined the effort to alleviate 年來的工作讓她逐漸聞名於世，被視為肺結核和相關 communicable diseases while working in Ethiopia. 醫療問題的權威。 After TB became more manageable in Hong Kong, Sister 她亦因為在香港的工作屢獲表揚，包括於 1964 年 Aquinas turned her attention to combating drug use in the 獲得英國胸部和心臟協會頒發 Sir Robert Philip 金 city, joining the government’s Action Committee Against 奬。該會在其出版物 Health 中寫到：「如果有人還認 Narcotics as well as the Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation 為傳教修女遠離俗世及當中的問題，只要認識一下歐 of Drug Abusers, of which she was chairman from 1981 to 桂蘭博士，他們很快就會改觀。」 1985, according to the Catholic Diocese. In recognition of 在往後的 20 多年間，歐桂蘭修女獲邀到許多國家 her service, the University of Hong Kong awarded her an 講學，當中主要是亞洲和非洲的發展中國家。 1980 年 Honorary Degree of Doctor of Social Science in 1978. 代初，她將大量時間投入到非洲講學，而在埃塞俄比 Just two years later, she received another meaningful 亞期間更參與了減緩傳染病疫情的工作。 award: the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) 隨著肺結核在香港逐漸消失，歐桂蘭修女開始關 – one of the highest honours for art, science and social work 注城中的抗毒工作。據天主教香港教區記載，她加入 in British culture. Sister Aquinas travelled to London, where 了政府禁毒常務委員會和香港戒毒會，並在 1981 年至 Queen Elizabeth II presented the honour at a garden party 1985 年間擔任香港戒毒會的主席。為表揚她的貢獻， in Buckingham Palace. 香 港 大 學 於 1978 年 頒 授 了 榮 譽 社 會 科 學 博 士 學 位 給 At the age of 66, Sister Aquinas passed away from 她。 cancer on 28 November 1985 at the Ruttonjee Sanatorium. 兩年之後，她獲得了另一項富有意義的殊榮：大 A Sister Aquinas 英 帝 國 官 佐 勛 Memorial Fund for 章 （ OBE） 。 “Don’t give me flowers – give me money the ongoing study 這 是 英 國 在 文 so I can help the poor.” of tuberculosis 藝、科學和社會 was established 工 作 領 域 的 最 「別給我鮮花，給我錢， after her death to 高 榮 譽 之 一 。 這樣我才能幫助窮人。」 honour her life’s 歐桂蘭修女到倫 work. There is also 敦領獎，英女皇 – Sister Mary Aquinas 歐桂蘭修女 an academic prize 伊利沙伯二世在 in her honour, dubbed the Sister Mary Aquinas and Purviz 白金漢宮的一個花園宴會上親自向她授勛。 & Rusy Shroff Scholarship, which sees the Hong Kong 1985 年 11 月 28 日，歐桂蘭修女在律敦治療養院因 Tuberculosis, Chest and Heart Diseases Association award 癌 症 逝 世 ， 享 年 66 歲 。 歐 桂 蘭 修 女 紀 念 基 金 隨 之 成 HK$10,000 and HK$5,000 anually to the top two medical 立，以資助持續進行的肺結核研究，以及紀念她的貢 students in HKU’s TB Module. 獻。以她命名的學術 奬 項還有 「歐桂蘭修女、施羅孚 Even three decades after her death, Sister Aquinas’ 先生及夫人獎學金」。該 奬 學金由香港防癆心臟及胸 work continues to touch the lives of families in Hong Kong. 病協會頒發，每年向香港大學肺結核課程中最頂尖的 Last year, Father Houston visited St Michael’s Catholic 兩名學生提供 10 , 000 港元及 5 , 000 港元的資助。 Cemetery to pray for Sister Aquinas and other Columban 即使在歐桂蘭修女逝世 30 多年後，她的工作依然 Missionaries who are buried there. 影響著香港人的家庭。去年， Houston 神父到訪位於 “I noticed two women placing flowers at Sister Mary’s 跑馬地的聖彌額爾天主教墳場，為埋葬在那裡的歐桂 grave and, out of curiosity, I approached them and asked 蘭修女及其他高隆龐傳教士祈禱。 if they knew her,” he recalls, noting that the two women 「當時我看到兩名女士在歐桂蘭修女的墓前獻 appeared to be a mother and daughter. 花，出於好奇，我問她們是否認識歐桂蘭修女。」他 “The younger of the two replied: ‘Yes, she cured me 回憶道，並說這兩名女士似乎是一對母女。 「較年輕 of tuberculosis.’”  的那一位回答我說：『她醫好了我的肺結核。』」  Additional reporting by Rafelle Allego and Doris Lam.

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Rafelle Allego 及 Doris Lam 額外報導。

AIAspiration Machine Momentum Technology Teamwork Digitalisation Determination

尚乘集團是香港領先的綜合性金融機構和亞洲第一獨立投資銀行， 亦專注於企業保險風險解決方案以及高端企業資產管理服務。尚乘 透過獨有的蛛網文化，致力成為「超級聯絡人」來服務和打通中港 兩地及寰球資本與資源。尚乘也是港資金融機構裡唯一一家被世界 經濟論壇選為全球戰略合作夥伴，彰顯其對香港及全球金融業的影 響力。尚乘成立了專注社會公益事業的尚乘基金會，旨在培育人才、 扶貧助學和支持弱勢群體。